Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí

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      <text bytes="3282" sha1="67jqd3tpb35qy8vqlv7k59c89dbij1l" xml:space="preserve">Is '''Vicipéideoirí''' iad na daoine a scríobhann ailt agus a chuireann ailt in eagar do [[Vicipéid]].

Seo liosta daoine a chuir a n-ainmneacha ar an liosta seo. Níl aon riachtanas do leathanach pearsanta Vicipéideora; cuireann roinnt daoine beathaisnéisí suas, ní chuireann daoine eile; cuireann roinnt daoine liostaí príobháideacha a gcuid oibre suas, ní chuireann roinnt eile. Liostaí de réir áiteanna agus am a dteachta atá againn ar dtús, agus leanann liosta iomlán é sin. Má chuireann tú d'ainm ar liosta áite, m.sh. [[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí/An Astráil|Vicipéideoirí/An Astráil]], ná déan dearmad d'ainm a chur ar an bpríomhliosta.

== Liosta aibítreach ==
''do liosta iomlán na n-úsáideoirí cláraithe ar fad, féach ar [[Speisialta:Listusers]]''

# [[Úsáideoir:Akio|Akio]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Alison|Alison]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Angr|Angr]]
# [[Úsáideoir:An Tóin Mór|An Tóin Mhór]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Cliste|Cliste]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Daithimac|Daithimac]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Dalta|Dalta]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Decumanus|Decumanus]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Evertype|Evertype]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Filiocht|Filiocht]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Footyfanatic3000|Footyfanatic3000]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Gabriel Beecham|Gabriel Beecham]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Iolar|Iolar]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Joe byrne|Joe byrne]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Ludraman|Ludraman]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Meabhar|Meabhar]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Ryanaxp|Ryanaxp]]
# [[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]]
# [[Úsáideoir:ÉamonnÓCathain|ÉamonnÓCatháin]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Stifle|Stifle]]
# [[Úsáideoir:TheCraftyCailleach|TheCraftyCailleach]]
# [[Úsáideoir:Amy Uí Ríordáin|Amy Uí Ríordáin]]

----

== Liostaí de réir tíortha ==

Más é do thoil é cuir d'ainm ar na liostaí seo de réir náisiúntachta agus de réir d'áit chónaithe faoi láthair! Mar shampla, má tá Seán tar éis aistriú ó [[Éire]] go dtí na [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]], is féidir leis a ainm a chur ar an dá liosta le chéile (más mian leis).

*[[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí/Alba|Alba]]
*An [[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí/An Astráil|Astráil]]
*An [[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí/An Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]]
*[[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí/Éire|Éire]]
*An [[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí/An Ghearmáin|Ghearmáin]]
*[[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí/Sasana|Sasana]]
*An t[[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí/An tSeapáin|Seapáin]]
*Na [[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí/Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]]

Mura bhfuil do thír sa liosta seo thuas, cuir leis í!

== Liosta de réir reiligiúin nó fealsúnacha ==
''Tá an liosta seo deonach, ní chaithfidh tú d'ainm a chur síos.''
An bhfuil sibh cinnte de sin? 

=== [[Agnóiseachas|Agnóisithe]] ===
*[[Úsáideoir:Dalta|Dalta]]
̈*[[Úsáideoir:TGcoa|TGcoa]]
=== [[Aindiachas|Aindiachaithe]]=== 
*[[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]]

=== [[Búdachas|Búdaithe]] ===
* [[Úsáideoir:Ludraman|Ludraman]]
* [[Úsáideoir:Evertype|Evertype]]

=== [[Críostaíocht|Críostaithe]] ===
* [[Úsáideoir:Angr|Angr]]
* [[Úsáideoir:Daithimac|Daithimac]]
* [[Úsáideoir:Footyfanatic3000|Footyfanatic3000]]
* [[Úsáideoir:Joe byrne|Joe byrne]]


[[Catagóir:Vicipéid]]

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    <title>Henri Cartier-Bresson</title>
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      <text bytes="12455" sha1="17zdu9o4444z6y6y35ir3gbdi0xvj58" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Ba [[grianghrafadóireacht|ghrianghrafadóir]] agus ealaíontóir [[an Fhrainc|Francach]] é '''Henri Cartier-Bresson''' (* [[22 Lúnasa]] [[1908]]; † [[3 Lúnasa]] [[2004]]). Tá sé ar cheann de na grianghrafadóirí is mó tionchar sa [[20ú haois]], agus is minic a thugtar &quot;súil an chéid&quot; air. Ba bhall bunaithe é den chomharchumann grianghraf [[Magnum Photos]] i 1947, agus tá sé aitheanta mar cheannródaí ar an ngrianghrafadóireacht sráide. 
[[Íomhá:Portrait von Henri Cartier-Bresson - Paris - 1954 - Kimura Ihei (Ausschnitt).png|clé|mion|310x310px|1954]]
[[Íomhá:Cartier-Bresson's first Leica.jpg|mion|A chéad cheamara [[Leica Camera AG|Leica]]  |clé|220x220px]]

== Modh oibre ==
Bhain sé úsáid beagnach eisiach as ceamara Leica 35mm den chineál ''rangefinder'', le gnáthlionsa 50mm; ó am go chéile a d'úsáideadh sé lionsa leathanuilleach agus é ag grianghrafadh tírdhreacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Cartier-Bresson|teideal=Henri Cartier-Bresson|language=en|work=Wikipedia|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Níor bhain sé úsáid riamh as [[splanc-ghrianghrafadóireacht]] – rud a mheas sé a bheith chomh mímhúinte le &quot;pistol a thabhairt chuig ceolchoirm&quot; – agus níor bhearr sé siar a chuid grianghrafanna sa seomra dorcha; b'fhearr leis an fráma dubh timpeall na híomhá a fhágáil ann mar chomhartha nár athraíodh an chomhdhéanamh bunaidh ar chor ar bith.
 
=== ''Images à la Sauvette'' – An Nóiméad Cinniúnach ===
Chothaigh Cartier-Bresson coincheap &quot;an nóiméid chinniúnaigh&quot; – an nóiméad beacht ina dtagann foirm agus brí le chéile in aon ghrianghraf amháin – rud a mhúnlaigh an ghrianghrafadóireacht faisnéise ar fud an domhain sa dara leath den 20ú haois.

I 1952 foilsíodh a chéad leabhar mór, ''Images à la Sauvette'', le clúdach le Henri Matisse; ''The Decisive Moment'' an teideal a tugadh air i mBéarla. Sa réamhrá cáiliúil, mhínigh Cartier-Bresson a dhearcadh ar an ngrianghrafadóireacht: dar leis féin, is éard atá i gceist léi ná an aitheantas comhuaineach – i gcodán soicind – a thugtar do thábhacht ócáide, chomh maith leis an eagar beacht foirmeacha a thugann an bhrí cheart don ócáid sin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_2703_300062051.pdf|teideal=The photographs of Henri Cartier-Bresson|údar=MOMA|dátarochtana=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mar a dúirt sé féin: &quot;sa ghrianghrafadóireacht, féadann an rud is lú a bheith ina shárchuspóir; féadann an sonra beag daonna a bheith ina ''leitmotif''&quot;.
 
== Saol ==
=== Óige agus oiliúint ===
Rugadh Henri Cartier-Bresson an 22 Lúnasa 1908 i gCanteloup-en-Brie, i réigiún Seine-et-Marne na Fraince, do theaghlach saibhir; monaróir teicstíle ab ea a athair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.henricartierbresson.org/en/hcb/biography/|teideal=Biography|údar=Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir sé suim sa ghrianghrafadóireacht go luath: agus é ina bhuachaill bhí ceamara Box Brownie aige, agus níos déanaí ceamara mór 3¼&quot; x 4¼&quot;.
 
Rinne sé staidéar ar an bpéintéireacht faoin bpéintéir chiúbach [[André Lhote]] i bPáras, agus chaith sé tréimhse ag déanamh staidéir ar ealaín, ar litríocht agus ar Bhéarla in Ollscoil Cambridge (1928–29). Earcaíodh isteach in Arm na Fraince é i 1930.
 
I 1931, thug sé aghaidh ar [[an Cósta Eabhair]] in Iarthar na hAfraice, áit ar chaith sé cuid mhaith dá chuid ama ag fiach. Tholg sé fiabhras uisce dhuibh (''blackwater fever''), cineál trom maláire, agus é ar tí bás a fháil dá bharr ag pointe amháin. D'fhill sé ar an bhFrainc chun biseach a fháil i Marseille. Ansin, agus é faoi thionchar an tsárréalachais, spreag grianghraf leis an ngrianghrafadóir Ungárach-Mheiriceánach Martin Munkácsi – ''Triúr Buachaillí ag Loch Tanganyika'' – é le tabhairt faoin ngrianghrafadóireacht go lánaimseartha. Cheannaigh sé a chéad cheamara [[Leica Camera AG|Leica]] i 1932, agus phéinteáil sé na codanna snasta de dhubh le go mbeadh sé níos discréidí agus é i mbun oibre.
 
Idir 1932 agus 1935 thaistil sé go dtí an Spáinn, an Iodáil, Maracó agus Meicsiceo, agus taispeánadh a chuid oibre den chéad uair i nGailearaí Julien Levy i Nua-Eabhrac i 1933. I Nua-Eabhrac freisin a chuir sé aithne ar an scannánóir Paul Strand, rud a spreag a shuim sa scannánaíocht.
 
=== An Dara Cogadh Domhanda ===
D'fhill Cartier-Bresson ar an bhFrainc roimh thús an chogaidh agus d'oibrigh sé mar chúntóir don stiúrthóir [[Jean Renoir]] ar na scannáin ''Une partie de campagne'' (1936) agus ''La Règle du jeu'' (1939). I 1937 thóg sé grianghraif de chorónú Rí Shasana, Seoirse VI, don iris ''Regards'', agus d'oibrigh sé mar ghrianghrafadóir don pháipéar [[Cumasachas|cumannach]] ''Ce Soir''.
 
Nuair a bhris [[An Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] amach, liostáil sé in Airm na Fraince, agus ghabh na Gearmánaigh ina phríosúnach cogaidh é i mí an Mheithimh 1940. Tar éis dhá iarracht gan rath, d'éalaigh sé ó champa géibhinn ar an tríú hiarracht i mí Feabhra 1943. D'oibrigh sé ansin leis an ''Résistance'' go deireadh an chogaidh, ag cabhrú le príosúnaigh agus le teifigh eile. I 1944 thóg sé sraith pictiúr de scríbhneoirí agus d'ealaíontóirí do Editions Braun, ina measc [[Henri Matisse]] agus [[Pablo Picasso]]. I 1945 rinne sé an clár faisnéise ''Le Retour'', faoi phríosúnaigh chogaidh agus dhaoine easáitithe a bhí ag filleadh abhaile.[[Íomhá:Henri Cartier-Bresson exhibition 1.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Taispeántas in 2007]]
=== Magnum agus na blianta iarchogaidh ===
Sa bhliain 1947, agus taispeántas mór dá shaothar ar bun i Músaem na hEalaíne Nua-aoisí (MoMA) i Nua-Eabhrac, chuidigh Cartier-Bresson le [[Robert Capa]], le William Vandivert, le David Seymour (&quot;Chim&quot;) agus le [[George Rodger]] chun an comharchumann grianghraf Magnum Photos a bhunú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-leargas-ar-am-ata-imithe.aspx|teideal=Léargas ar am atá imithe|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2019-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Roinneadh réigiúin an domhain idir na baill; chuaigh Cartier-Bresson féin ar an India agus ar an tSín.
 
Idir 1948 agus 1950 chaith sé trí bliana san Áise Thoir: san India ag am bhás [[Mahatma Gandhi]], sa tSín le linn na míonna deireanacha de réimeas na Kuomintang agus na chéad mhíonna de Phoblacht Chumannach na Síne, agus in Ind na hOllainne (an Indinéis anois) ag am a neamhspleáchais.
 
Sna blianta ina dhiaidh sin lean sé de bheith ag taisteal – go dtí an tSín, Éire, an tAontas Sóivéadach (ba é an chéad ghrianghrafadóir Thiar é a ceadaíodh isteach ann tar éis bhás Stailín), an tSeapáin, Cúba agus go leor tíortha eile – ar shainchoimisiúin ó irisí ar nós ''Life'', ''Harper's Bazaar'' agus ''Holiday''.
 
=== Na blianta deiridh ===
D'éirigh Cartier-Bresson as bainistíocht ghníomhach Magnum i 1966 chun díriú ar an bportráidíocht agus ar an tírdhreachadóireacht, cé gur choinnigh an ghníomhaireacht cartlann a shaothair. Fuair sé colscaradh óna chéad bhean chéile, an damhsóir Ratna Mohini, a rugadh san Iáva, i 1967. Ó dheireadh na 1960idí ar aghaidh, d'fhill sé den chuid is mó ar a chéad ghrá – an líníocht agus an phéintéireacht. Phós sé an grianghrafadóir Beilgeach Martine Franck i 1970, agus rugadh a n-iníon, Mélanie, i 1972.
 
Bhuaigh sé Gradam Náisiúnta na Grianghrafadóireachta (an Fhrainc) i 1981 agus Gradam Hasselblad i 1982.
 
Cailleadh Cartier-Bresson i gCéreste (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, an Fhrainc) an 3 Lúnasa 2004, agus é 95 bliain d'aois – naoi lá dhéag roimh a bhreithlá. Cuireadh é i reilig Montjustin in aice láimhe.

== In Éirinn ==
[[Íomhá:Plaque Cartier-Bresson Scanno (cropped).jpg|mion]]
Thug Cartier-Bresson cuairt ar [[Éire|Éirinn]] faoi dhó: i mí an Mheithimh 1952, ar shainchoimisiún ó ''Harper's Bazaar'', agus arís i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1962, ar saoire. An dá uair, thaistil sé timpeall na tíre agus thóg sé grianghraif i mBaile Átha Cliath, i gCill Dara, san Iarmhí, i nGaillimh, i gCiarraí, i gCorcaigh, i dTiobraid Árann, i gCill Chainnigh, i bPort Láirge agus i Loch Garman – tírdhreacha, radhairc shráide, portráidí agus imeachtaí poiblí den chuid is mó.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.centreculturelirlandais.com/en/whats-on/exhibitions-events/henri-cartier-bresson-et-lirlande|teideal=Henri Cartier-Bresson et l'Irlande|údar=Centre Culturel Irlandais|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Ba iad na grianghraif seo, mar aon le breis is 150 pictiúr eile ó chartlann Magnum, bunús taispeántais in [[Áras Nua-Ealaíne na hÉireann]] (IMMA) i mBaile Átha Cliath i 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-leargas-ar-am-ata-imithe.aspx|teideal=Léargas ar am atá imithe|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2019-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Sa bhliain 2019 reáchtáladh an taispeántas ba mhó dá shaothar in Éirinn go dtí sin: '''Fócas ar Éirinn: Na 1950idí i nGrianghraif''', in [[Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann]], Dún Uí Choileáin, i mBaile Átha Cliath. Bhí caoga íomhá le Cartier-Bresson sa taispeántas, in éineacht le tríocha grianghraf leis an antraipeolaí Meiriceánach Robert Cresswell (a chaith os cionn bliana ina chónaí i g[[Cinn Mhara]], Contae na Gaillimhe, 1955–56 agus arís 1957–58, agus é ag ullmhú a shaothair ''Une Communauté Rurale de l'Irlande'') agus fiche cúig ghrianghraf leis an ngrianghrafadóir Meiriceánach [[Dorothea Lange]] (a thóg 2,400 pictiúr i gContae an Chláir i 1954, ar shainchoimisiún ó ''Life'').&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://president.ie/ga/diary/details/president-officially-opens-the-henri-cartier-bresson-and-ireland-exhibition|teideal=Taispeántas dar teideal &quot;Henri Cartier-Bresson agus Éire&quot; á oscailt go hoifigiúil ag an Uachtarán|údar=Uachtarán na hÉireann|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
D'oscail an tUachtarán [[Michael D. Higgins]] an taispeántas go hoifigiúil an 20 Samhain 2019, agus é ag tabhairt ómóis do choimeádaí an taispeántais, an Dr. Fidelma Mullane, agus don Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson as na grianghraif a iasachtú don Ard-Mhúsaem. Thagair an tUachtarán do chomhthéacs stairiúil na ngrianghraf – tréimhse na hin-imirce troime as an tuath, nuair a d'fhág thart ar 250,000 duine Éire idir 1955 agus 1960 – agus mhol sé an chomhoibriú a rinne an tArd-Mhúsaem le lucht acadúil, ina measc an Dr. Anne Byrne, an Dr. Tony Varley agus an tOllamh Chris Curtin, agus iad ag cur comhthéacs leis an gcnuasach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://president.ie/en/diary/details/president-officially-opens-the-henri-cartier-bresson-and-ireland-exhibition/speeches|teideal=Speech at the opening of &quot;Ireland in Focus: Photographing the 1950s&quot;|údar=Uachtarán na hÉireann|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Mar chuid den taispeántas, cuireadh saothar Cartier-Bresson in aice le pictiúir an ghrianghrafadóra Éireannaigh Bill Doyle, ar a dtugtar &quot;Cartier-Bresson na hÉireann&quot; go minic mar gheall ar a dhearcadh i leith an &quot;nóiméid chinniúnaigh&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://portraidi.ie/en/photographers/bill-doyle/|teideal=Bill Doyle|údar=Portráidí|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oidhrecht ==
Bunaíodh Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson i bPáras i 2003, ag Cartier-Bresson féin, ag Martine Franck agus ag Mélanie, chun a shaothar a chaomhnú.

== Naisc sheachtacha ==
* [http://www.henricartierbresson.org/ ''Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson'']
* [http://www.henricartier-bresson.com/ Henri Cartier-Bresson Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420072817/http://www.henricartier-bresson.com/ |date=2011-04-20 }}
* [http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/cb/ Tête à Tête: Pórtráidí le Henri Cartier-Bresson]
* [http://www.magnumphotos.com/c/ &quot;Leathanach baile grianghraf Magnum&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208103151/http://www.magnumphotos.com/c/ |date=2004-12-08 }}
* [https://www.centreculturelirlandais.com/en/whats-on/exhibitions-events/henri-cartier-bresson-et-lirlande Henri Cartier-Bresson et l'Irlande – Centre Culturel Irlandais]
 
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cartier-Bresson, Henri}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1908]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2004]]
[[Catagóir:Grianghrafadóirí]]
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Ba [[grianghrafadóireacht|ghrianghrafadóir]] agus ealaíontóir [[an Fhrainc|Francach]] é '''Henri Cartier-Bresson''' (* [[22 Lúnasa]] [[1908]]; † [[3 Lúnasa]] [[2004]]). Tá sé ar cheann de na grianghrafadóirí is mó tionchar sa [[20ú haois]], agus is minic a thugtar &quot;súil an chéid&quot; air. Ba bhall bunaithe é den chomharchumann grianghraf [[Magnum Photos]] i 1947, agus tá sé aitheanta mar cheannródaí ar an ngrianghrafadóireacht sráide. 
[[Íomhá:Portrait von Henri Cartier-Bresson - Paris - 1954 - Kimura Ihei (Ausschnitt).png|clé|mion|310x310px|1954]]
[[Íomhá:Cartier-Bresson's first Leica.jpg|mion|A chéad cheamara [[Leica Camera AG|Leica]]  |clé|220x220px]]

[[Íomhá:Maison Cartier-Bresson de Scanno.JPG|clé|mion|293x293px|Teach Cartier-Bresson i Scanno san Iodáil]]

== Modh oibre ==
Bhain sé úsáid beagnach eisiach as ceamara Leica 35mm den chineál ''rangefinder'', le gnáthlionsa 50mm; ó am go chéile a d'úsáideadh sé lionsa leathanuilleach agus é ag grianghrafadh tírdhreacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Cartier-Bresson|teideal=Henri Cartier-Bresson|language=en|work=Wikipedia|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Níor bhain sé úsáid riamh as [[splanc-ghrianghrafadóireacht]] – rud a mheas sé a bheith chomh mímhúinte le &quot;pistol a thabhairt chuig ceolchoirm&quot; – agus níor bhearr sé siar a chuid grianghrafanna sa seomra dorcha; b'fhearr leis an fráma dubh timpeall na híomhá a fhágáil ann mar chomhartha nár athraíodh an chomhdhéanamh bunaidh ar chor ar bith.
 
=== ''Images à la Sauvette'' – An Nóiméad Cinniúnach ===
Chothaigh Cartier-Bresson coincheap &quot;an nóiméid chinniúnaigh&quot; – an nóiméad beacht ina dtagann foirm agus brí le chéile in aon ghrianghraf amháin – rud a mhúnlaigh an ghrianghrafadóireacht faisnéise ar fud an domhain sa dara leath den 20ú haois.

I 1952 foilsíodh a chéad leabhar mór, ''Images à la Sauvette'', le clúdach le Henri Matisse; ''The Decisive Moment'' an teideal a tugadh air i mBéarla. Sa réamhrá cáiliúil, mhínigh Cartier-Bresson a dhearcadh ar an ngrianghrafadóireacht: dar leis féin, is éard atá i gceist léi ná an aitheantas comhuaineach – i gcodán soicind – a thugtar do thábhacht ócáide, chomh maith leis an eagar beacht foirmeacha a thugann an bhrí cheart don ócáid sin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_2703_300062051.pdf|teideal=The photographs of Henri Cartier-Bresson|údar=MOMA|dátarochtana=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mar a dúirt sé féin: &quot;sa ghrianghrafadóireacht, féadann an rud is lú a bheith ina shárchuspóir; féadann an sonra beag daonna a bheith ina ''leitmotif''&quot;.
 
== Saol ==
=== Óige agus oiliúint ===
Rugadh Henri Cartier-Bresson an 22 Lúnasa 1908 i gCanteloup-en-Brie, i réigiún Seine-et-Marne na Fraince, do theaghlach saibhir; monaróir teicstíle ab ea a athair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.henricartierbresson.org/en/hcb/biography/|teideal=Biography|údar=Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir sé suim sa ghrianghrafadóireacht go luath: agus é ina bhuachaill bhí ceamara Box Brownie aige, agus níos déanaí ceamara mór 3¼&quot; x 4¼&quot;.
 
Rinne sé staidéar ar an bpéintéireacht faoin bpéintéir chiúbach [[André Lhote]] i bPáras, agus chaith sé tréimhse ag déanamh staidéir ar ealaín, ar litríocht agus ar Bhéarla in Ollscoil Cambridge (1928–29). Earcaíodh isteach in Arm na Fraince é i 1930.
 
I 1931, thug sé aghaidh ar [[an Cósta Eabhair]] in Iarthar na hAfraice, áit ar chaith sé cuid mhaith dá chuid ama ag fiach. Tholg sé fiabhras uisce dhuibh (''blackwater fever''), cineál trom maláire, agus é ar tí bás a fháil dá bharr ag pointe amháin. D'fhill sé ar an bhFrainc chun biseach a fháil i Marseille. Ansin, agus é faoi thionchar an tsárréalachais, spreag grianghraf leis an ngrianghrafadóir Ungárach-Mheiriceánach Martin Munkácsi – ''Triúr Buachaillí ag Loch Tanganyika'' – é le tabhairt faoin ngrianghrafadóireacht go lánaimseartha. Cheannaigh sé a chéad cheamara [[Leica Camera AG|Leica]] i 1932, agus phéinteáil sé na codanna snasta de dhubh le go mbeadh sé níos discréidí agus é i mbun oibre.
 
D'insíodh sé níos déanaí faoin gcaoi a dhéanadh sé faire sna sráideanna i gcaitheamh an lae, agus é ag aireachtáil mar a bheadh ainmhí fiáin ullamh chun fola, agus beart aige greim a bhreith ar an saol, chun an saol a choimeád beo tré shealbh a thógáil air.
 
Idir 1932 agus 1935 thaistil sé go dtí an Spáinn, an Iodáil, Maracó agus Meicsiceo, agus taispeánadh a chuid oibre den chéad uair i nGailearaí Julien Levy i Nua-Eabhrac i 1933. I Nua-Eabhrac freisin a chuir sé aithne ar an scannánóir Paul Strand, rud a spreag a shuim sa scannánaíocht.
[[Íomhá:Galerie d'art.jpg|mion|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Henri Cartier-Bresson exhibition 1.jpg|mion|220x220px|Taispeántas in 2007]]
[[Íomhá:Divine-mother (mirra alfassa).jpg|mion|299x299px|Pondicherri, India&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-19596190|teideal=In pictures: Former French colony of Pondicherry in India|dáta=2012-09-19|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Íomhá:Mother tennis2.jpg|mion|220x220px|1950 san India&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;]]
[[Íomhá:طاق كسرى، العراق.jpg|mion|328x328px|Taq-i Kisra san [[An Iaráic|Iaráic]] 1950]]
[[Íomhá:JoachimAlvaatGandhi'sFuneral.jpg|mion|220x220px|Sochraid [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]]]]

=== An Dara Cogadh Domhanda ===
D'fhill Cartier-Bresson ar an bhFrainc roimh thús an chogaidh agus d'oibrigh sé mar chúntóir don stiúrthóir [[Jean Renoir]] ar na scannáin ''Une partie de campagne'' (1936) agus ''La Règle du jeu'' (1939). I 1937 thóg sé grianghraif de chorónú Rí Shasana, Seoirse VI, don iris ''Regards'', agus d'oibrigh sé mar ghrianghrafadóir don pháipéar [[Cumasachas|cumannach]] ''Ce Soir''.
 
Nuair a bhris [[An Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] amach, liostáil sé in Airm na Fraince, agus ghabh na Gearmánaigh ina phríosúnach cogaidh é i mí an Mheithimh 1940. Tar éis dhá iarracht gan rath, d'éalaigh sé ó champa géibhinn ar an tríú hiarracht i mí Feabhra 1943. D'oibrigh sé ansin leis an ''Résistance'' go deireadh an chogaidh, ag cabhrú le príosúnaigh agus le teifigh eile. I 1944 thóg sé sraith pictiúr de scríbhneoirí agus d'ealaíontóirí do Editions Braun, ina measc [[Henri Matisse]] agus [[Pablo Picasso]]. I 1945 rinne sé an clár faisnéise ''Le Retour'', faoi phríosúnaigh chogaidh agus dhaoine easáitithe a bhí ag filleadh abhaile.
=== Magnum agus na blianta iarchogaidh ===
Sa bhliain 1947, agus taispeántas mór dá shaothar ar bun i Músaem na hEalaíne Nua-aoisí (MoMA) i Nua-Eabhrac, chuidigh Cartier-Bresson le [[Robert Capa]], le William Vandivert, le David Seymour (&quot;Chim&quot;) agus le [[George Rodger]] chun an comharchumann grianghraf Magnum Photos a bhunú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-leargas-ar-am-ata-imithe.aspx|teideal=Léargas ar am atá imithe|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2019-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Roinneadh réigiúin an domhain idir na baill; chuaigh Cartier-Bresson féin ar an India agus ar an tSín.
 
Idir 1948 agus 1950 chaith sé trí bliana san Áise Thoir: san India ag am bhás [[Mahatma Gandhi]], sa tSín le linn na míonna deireanacha de réimeas na Kuomintang agus na chéad mhíonna de Phoblacht Chumannach na Síne, agus in Ind na hOllainne (an Indinéis anois) ag am a neamhspleáchais.
 
Sna blianta ina dhiaidh sin lean sé de bheith ag taisteal – go dtí an tSín, Éire, an tAontas Sóivéadach (ba é an chéad ghrianghrafadóir Thiar é a ceadaíodh isteach ann tar éis bhás Stailín), an tSeapáin, Cúba agus go leor tíortha eile – ar shainchoimisiúin ó irisí ar nós ''Life'', ''Harper's Bazaar'' agus ''Holiday''.  Céim mór dá chuid oibre a bhí san iar-thaispeántas ollmhór, le 400-íomhá, a chuaigh ar fud na Stát Aontaithe i [[1960]].&lt;ref&gt;Deir Britannica  &lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;...in 1955, when a retrospective exhibition of 400 of his photographs was held at the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris and was then displayed elsewhere in Europe, in the United States, and in Japan...&quot;''&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
 
=== Na blianta deiridh ===
D'éirigh Cartier-Bresson as bainistíocht ghníomhach Magnum i 1966 chun díriú ar an bportráidíocht agus ar an tírdhreachadóireacht, cé gur choinnigh an ghníomhaireacht cartlann a shaothair. Fuair sé colscaradh óna chéad bhean chéile, an damhsóir Ratna Mohini, a rugadh san Iáva, i 1967. Ó dheireadh na 1960idí ar aghaidh, d'fhill sé den chuid is mó ar a chéad ghrá – an líníocht agus an phéintéireacht. Phós sé an grianghrafadóir Beilgeach Martine Franck i 1970, agus rugadh a n-iníon, Mélanie, i 1972.
 
Bhuaigh sé Gradam Náisiúnta na Grianghrafadóireachta (an Fhrainc) i 1981 agus Gradam Hasselblad i 1982.
 
Cailleadh Cartier-Bresson i gCéreste (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, an Fhrainc) an 3 Lúnasa 2004, agus é 95 bliain d'aois – naoi lá dhéag roimh a bhreithlá. Cuireadh é i reilig Montjustin in aice láimhe.[[Íomhá:Plaque Cartier-Bresson Scanno (cropped).jpg|mion|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Grave of H. Cartier-Bresson.jpg|mion|293x293px|Uaigh i Mont Justin]]

== In Éirinn ==
Thug Cartier-Bresson cuairt ar [[Éire|Éirinn]] faoi dhó: i mí an Mheithimh 1952, ar shainchoimisiún ó ''Harper's Bazaar'', agus arís i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1962, ar saoire. An dá uair, thaistil sé timpeall na tíre agus thóg sé grianghraif i mBaile Átha Cliath, i gCill Dara, san Iarmhí, i nGaillimh, i gCiarraí, i gCorcaigh, i dTiobraid Árann, i gCill Chainnigh, i bPort Láirge agus i Loch Garman – tírdhreacha, radhairc shráide, portráidí agus imeachtaí poiblí den chuid is mó.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.centreculturelirlandais.com/en/whats-on/exhibitions-events/henri-cartier-bresson-et-lirlande|teideal=Henri Cartier-Bresson et l'Irlande|údar=Centre Culturel Irlandais|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Ba iad na grianghraif seo, mar aon le breis is 150 pictiúr eile ó chartlann Magnum, bunús taispeántais in [[Áras Nua-Ealaíne na hÉireann]] (IMMA) i mBaile Átha Cliath i 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.beo.ie/alt-leargas-ar-am-ata-imithe.aspx|teideal=Léargas ar am atá imithe|language=ga|work=Beo!|dátarochtana=2019-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Sa bhliain 2019 reáchtáladh an taispeántas ba mhó dá shaothar in Éirinn go dtí sin: '''Fócas ar Éirinn: Na 1950idí i nGrianghraif''', in [[Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann]], Dún Uí Choileáin, i mBaile Átha Cliath. Bhí caoga íomhá le Cartier-Bresson sa taispeántas, in éineacht le tríocha grianghraf leis an antraipeolaí Meiriceánach Robert Cresswell (a chaith os cionn bliana ina chónaí i g[[Cinn Mhara]], Contae na Gaillimhe, 1955–56 agus arís 1957–58, agus é ag ullmhú a shaothair ''Une Communauté Rurale de l'Irlande'') agus fiche cúig ghrianghraf leis an ngrianghrafadóir Meiriceánach [[Dorothea Lange]] (a thóg 2,400 pictiúr i gContae an Chláir i 1954, ar shainchoimisiún ó ''Life'').&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://president.ie/ga/diary/details/president-officially-opens-the-henri-cartier-bresson-and-ireland-exhibition|teideal=Taispeántas dar teideal &quot;Henri Cartier-Bresson agus Éire&quot; á oscailt go hoifigiúil ag an Uachtarán|údar=Uachtarán na hÉireann|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
D'oscail an tUachtarán [[Michael D. Higgins]] an taispeántas go hoifigiúil an 20 Samhain 2019, agus é ag tabhairt ómóis do choimeádaí an taispeántais, an Dr. Fidelma Mullane, agus don Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson as na grianghraif a iasachtú don Ard-Mhúsaem. Thagair an tUachtarán do chomhthéacs stairiúil na ngrianghraf – tréimhse na hin-imirce troime as an tuath, nuair a d'fhág thart ar 250,000 duine Éire idir 1955 agus 1960 – agus mhol sé an chomhoibriú a rinne an tArd-Mhúsaem le lucht acadúil, ina measc an Dr. Anne Byrne, an Dr. Tony Varley agus an tOllamh Chris Curtin, agus iad ag cur comhthéacs leis an gcnuasach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://president.ie/en/diary/details/president-officially-opens-the-henri-cartier-bresson-and-ireland-exhibition/speeches|teideal=Speech at the opening of &quot;Ireland in Focus: Photographing the 1950s&quot;|údar=Uachtarán na hÉireann|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Mar chuid den taispeántas, cuireadh saothar Cartier-Bresson in aice le pictiúir an ghrianghrafadóra Éireannaigh Bill Doyle, ar a dtugtar &quot;Cartier-Bresson na hÉireann&quot; go minic mar gheall ar a dhearcadh i leith an &quot;nóiméid chinniúnaigh&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://portraidi.ie/en/photographers/bill-doyle/|teideal=Bill Doyle|údar=Portráidí|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oidhrecht ==
Bunaíodh Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson i bPáras i 2003, ag Cartier-Bresson féin, ag Martine Franck agus ag Mélanie, chun a shaothar a chaomhnú.

== Naisc sheachtacha ==
* [http://www.henricartierbresson.org/ ''Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson'']
* [http://www.henricartier-bresson.com/ Henri Cartier-Bresson Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420072817/http://www.henricartier-bresson.com/ |date=2011-04-20 }}
* [http://www.npg.si.edu/exh/cb/ Tête à Tête: Pórtráidí le Henri Cartier-Bresson]
* [http://www.magnumphotos.com/c/ &quot;Leathanach baile grianghraf Magnum&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208103151/http://www.magnumphotos.com/c/ |date=2004-12-08 }}
* [https://www.centreculturelirlandais.com/en/whats-on/exhibitions-events/henri-cartier-bresson-et-lirlande Henri Cartier-Bresson et l'Irlande – Centre Culturel Irlandais]
 
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cartier-Bresson, Henri}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1908]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2004]]
[[Catagóir:Grianghrafadóirí]]
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Is é an '''4 Lúnasa''' an 216ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 217ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 149 lá fágtha sa bhliain.

== Féilte ==
* [[New Brunswick]], [[Ceanada]] - Lá féile New Brunswick

== Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo ==
* [[1792]] — [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]], file Sasanach (b. [[1822]])
* [[1805]] — [[William Rowan Hamilton]], eolaí (b. [[1865]])
* [[1859]] — [[Knut Hamsun]], scríbhneoir (b. [[1952]])
* [[1881]] — [[Wenzel Hablik]], Ealaíontóir Gearmánacha (b. [[1934]])
* [[1897]] — [[Joseph Calleia]], aisteoir (b. [[1975]])
* [[1900]] — [[Nabi Tajima]], duine Seapánach in aois a chéid (b. [[2018]])
* [[1901]] — [[Louis Armstrong]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (b. [[1971]])
* [[1904]] — [[Witold Gombrowicz]], scríbhneoir (b. [[1969]])
* [[1905]] — [[Timothy Linehan]], polaiteoir Éireannach 
* [[1910]] — [[Anita Page]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2008]])
* [[1928]] — [[Flóra Kádár]], [[aisteoir]] [[Ungáraigh|Ungárach]] (b. [[2002]])
* [[1938]] — [[Judith Kaye]], breitheamh Meiriceánach (b. [[2016]])
* [[1952]] — [[Moya Brennan]], ceoltóir Éireannach (b. [[2026]])
* [[1953]] — [[Antonio Tajani]], polaiteoir Iodálach
* [[1954]] — [[Donald Gibb]], aisteoir
* [[1955]] — [[Billy Bob Thornton]], aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1956]] — [[Gerry Cooney]], dornálaí Gael-Mheiriceánach
* [[1957]] — [[John Wark]], imreoir sacair Albanach
* [[1959]] — [[John Gormley]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1960]] — [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], polaiteoir Spáinneach 
* [[1961]] — [[Barack Obama]], polaiteoir agus uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe
* [[1961]] — [[Lauren Tom]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1964]] — [[Fiach Mac Conghail]], stiúrthóir drámaíochta agus polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1970]] — [[Hakeem Jeffries]], polaiteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1981]] — [[Meghan Markle]], aisteoir Meiriceánach agus Bandiúc Sussex
* [[1983]] — [[Greta Gerwig]], stiúrthóir Meiriceánach
* [[1988]] — [[Tom Parker]], amhranai na Breataine agus jockey diosca ([[The Wanted]]) (b. [[2022]])

== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1471]] — [[Pápa Pól II]], Pápa ó 1464 go 1471 (r. [[1417]])
* [[1526]] — [[Juan Sebastian Elkano|Juan Sebastian del Cano]], loingseoir Bascach (r ~1486)
* [[1874]] — [[Sanford Faulkner]], plandálaí Meiriceánach, raconteur agus fidléir (r. [[1803]])
* [[1875]] — [[Hans Christian Andersen]], 70, údar agus file Danmhairge (r. [[1805]])
* [[1905]] — [[Walther Flemming]], bitheolaí Gearmánach (r. [[1843]])
* [[1927]] — [[Seán Diolún]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1851]])
* [[1956]] — [[Peadar Doyle]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1968]] — [[Daniel O'Rourke]], polaiteoir Éireannach 
* [[1981]] — [[Melvyn Douglas]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1901]])
* [[2000]] — [[Gustaw Herling-Grudziński]], 81, scríbhneoir Polannach (r. [[1919]])
* [[2003]] — [[Frederick Chapman Robbins]], dochtúir Meiriceánach (r. [[1916]])
* [[2016]] — [[Ducksy Walsh]], imreoir liathróid láimhe (r. [[1966]])
* [[2018]] — [[Tommy Peoples]], ceoltóir Éireannach (r. [[1948]])

== Tarluithe eile ==
* [[1914]] - [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda]]: d'fhógair [[an Bheilg]] agus [[Impireacht na Breataine]] cogadh ar [[Impireacht na Gearmáine|an Ghearmáin]], fosta, d'fhógair [[na Stáit Aontaithe]] neodracht
* [[1924]] - Bhunaigh caidreamh taidhleoireachta idir an [[Aontas Sóivéadach]] agus [[Meicsiceo]]
* [[1944]] - [[Uileloscadh|An tUileloscadh]]: gabhadh [[Anne Frank]], a teaghlach agus ceathrar eile in [[Amstardam]]
* [[1964]] - [[Cogadh Vítneam#Murascaill Tonkin|Eachtra i Murascaill Tonkin]] (le linn an Dara Cogadh Ind-Síneach)
* [[1964]] - Nochtaigh gníomhairí ón [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] triúr oibrithe cearta sibhialta a bhí ar iarradh i [[Mississippi]]
* [[1987]] - Mhaígh [[dúnmharú|dúnmharfóir]] na Moors gurb é a ba chiontach le 5 dúnmharú eile
* [[2020]] - Tharla [[Pléascanna Bhéiriút 2020|pléasc mhór]] ag an chalafort i m[[Béiriút]], [[an Liobáin]]. Maraíodh 218 duine.
[[Catagóir:Dátaí|0804]]
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Is é an '''4 Lúnasa''' an 216ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 217ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 149 lá fágtha sa bhliain.

== Féilte ==
* [[New Brunswick]], [[Ceanada]] - Lá féile New Brunswick

== Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo ==
* [[1792]] — [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]], file Sasanach (b. [[1822]])
* [[1805]] — [[William Rowan Hamilton]], eolaí (b. [[1865]])
* [[1859]] — [[Knut Hamsun]], scríbhneoir (b. [[1952]])
* [[1881]] — [[Wenzel Hablik]], Ealaíontóir Gearmánacha (b. [[1934]])
* [[1897]] — [[Joseph Calleia]], aisteoir (b. [[1975]])
* [[1900]] — [[Nabi Tajima]], duine Seapánach in aois a chéid (b. [[2018]])
* [[1901]] — [[Louis Armstrong]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (b. [[1971]])
* [[1904]] — [[Witold Gombrowicz]], scríbhneoir (b. [[1969]])
* [[1905]] — [[Timothy Linehan]], polaiteoir Éireannach 
* [[1910]] — [[Anita Page]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2008]])
* [[1928]] — [[Flóra Kádár]], [[aisteoir]] [[Ungáraigh|Ungárach]] (b. [[2002]])
* [[1938]] — [[Judith Kaye]], breitheamh Meiriceánach (b. [[2016]])
* [[1952]] — [[Moya Brennan]], ceoltóir Éireannach (b. [[2026]])
* [[1953]] — [[Antonio Tajani]], polaiteoir Iodálach
* [[1954]] — [[Donald Gibb]], aisteoir
* [[1955]] — [[Billy Bob Thornton]], aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1956]] — [[Gerry Cooney]], dornálaí Gael-Mheiriceánach
* [[1957]] — [[John Wark]], imreoir sacair Albanach
* [[1959]] — [[John Gormley]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1960]] — [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], polaiteoir Spáinneach 
* [[1961]] — [[Barack Obama]], polaiteoir agus uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe
* [[1961]] — [[Lauren Tom]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1964]] — [[Fiach Mac Conghail]], stiúrthóir drámaíochta agus polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1970]] — [[Hakeem Jeffries]], polaiteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1981]] — [[Meghan Markle]], aisteoir Meiriceánach agus Bandiúc Sussex
* [[1983]] — [[Greta Gerwig]], stiúrthóir Meiriceánach
* [[1988]] — [[Tom Parker]], amhranai na Breataine agus jockey diosca ([[The Wanted]]) (b. [[2022]])

== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1471]] — [[Pápa Pól II]], Pápa ó 1464 go 1471 (r. [[1417]])
* [[1526]] — [[Juan Sebastian Elkano|Juan Sebastian del Cano]], loingseoir Bascach (r ~1486)
* [[1874]] — [[Sanford Faulkner]], plandálaí Meiriceánach, raconteur agus fidléir (r. [[1803]])
* [[1875]] — [[Hans Christian Andersen]], 70, údar agus file Danmhairge (r. [[1805]])
* [[1905]] — [[Walther Flemming]], bitheolaí Gearmánach (r. [[1843]])
* [[1927]] — [[Seán Diolún]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1851]])
* [[1956]] — [[Peadar Doyle]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1968]] — [[Daniel O'Rourke]], polaiteoir Éireannach 
* [[1981]] — [[Melvyn Douglas]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1901]])
* [[2000]] — [[Gustaw Herling-Grudziński]], 81, scríbhneoir Polannach (r. [[1919]])
* [[2003]] — [[Frederick Chapman Robbins]], dochtúir Meiriceánach (r. [[1916]])
* [[2016]] — [[Ducksy Walsh]], imreoir liathróid láimhe (r. [[1966]])
* [[2018]] — [[Tommy Peoples]], ceoltóir Éireannach (r. [[1948]])

== Tarluithe eile ==
* [[1914]] - [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda]]: d'fhógair [[an Bheilg]] agus [[Impireacht na Breataine]] cogadh ar [[Impireacht na Gearmáine|an Ghearmáin]], fosta, d'fhógair [[na Stáit Aontaithe]] neodracht
* [[1924]] - Bhunaigh caidreamh taidhleoireachta idir an [[Aontas Sóivéadach]] agus [[Meicsiceo]]
* [[1944]] - [[Uileloscadh|An tUileloscadh]]: gabhadh [[Anne Frank]], a teaghlach agus ceathrar eile in [[Amstardam]]
* [[1964]] - [[Cogadh Vítneam#Murascaill Tonkin|Eachtra i Murascaill Tonkin]] (le linn an Dara Cogadh Ind-Síneach)
* [[1964]] - Nochtaigh gníomhairí ón [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] triúr oibrithe cearta sibhialta a bhí ar iarradh i [[Mississippi]]
* [[1965]] - Fuair [[Oileáin Cook]] stádas féinrialtais laistigh de [[an Nua-Shéalainn|na Nua-Shéalainne]]
* [[1987]] - Mhaígh [[dúnmharú|dúnmharfóir]] na Moors gurb é a ba chiontach le 5 dúnmharú eile
* [[2020]] - Tharla [[Pléascanna Bhéiriút 2020|pléasc mhór]] ag an chalafort i m[[Béiriút]], [[an Liobáin]]. Maraíodh 218 duine.
[[Catagóir:Dátaí|0804]]
[[Catagóir:Míonna|Lúnasa, 04]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <text bytes="488" sha1="o24m4ne71ryqzfgrw4bjbuybzpjc66x" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Ba fhuirseoirí é '''James Joseph Mulgrew''' (17 Deireadh Fómhair 1945 - 3 Lúnasa 2026). '''Jimmy Cricket''' an t-ainm gairmiúil a bhí aige. Rugadh sa [[An Chorr Chríochach|Corr Chríochach]], [[Contae Thír Eoghain]], é.

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{Síol-beath-ni}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cricket, Jimmy}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1945]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]]
[[Catagóir:Fuirseoirí Éireannacha]]
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      <text bytes="489" sha1="d3zyc18vbe43gut61cic9evsx6wbosj" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Ba fhuirseoirí é '''James Joseph Mulgrew''' (17 Deireadh Fómhair 1945 - 3 Lúnasa 2026). '''Jimmy Cricket''' an t-ainm gairmiúil a bhí aige. Rugadh sa [[An Chorr Chríochach|Chorr Chríochach]], [[Contae Thír Eoghain]], é.

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{Síol-beath-ni}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cricket, Jimmy}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1945]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2026]]
[[Catagóir:Fuirseoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Thír Eoghain]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruairí Mac Easmainn</title>
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    <redirect title="Roger Casement" />
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      <comment>/* Náisiúnaí */</comment>
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[[Taidhleoir]], [[daonnúlach]] agus [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnaí]] [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Ruairí Dáithí Casement ('''nó '''Mhic Easmainn''' nó '''an tEasmannach )''' nó '''Roger Casement''' ([[1 Meán Fómhair]] [[1864]] - [[3 Lúnasa]] [[1916]]). Bhí ról cinniúnach aige in imeachtaí na bliana 1916, agus chuir sé [[Éire]] ar [[Bóthar|bhóthar]] an [[Neamhspleách (polaitíocht)|neamhspleáchais]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/comoradh-ar-thra-na-beannai-ar-theacht-i-dtir-agus-gabhail-mhic-easmainn-cothrom-an-lae-seo-cead-bliain-o-shin/|teideal=Comóradh ar Thrá na Beannaí ar theacht i dtír agus gabháil Mhic Easmainn cothrom an lae seo céad bliain ó shin|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2019-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ard, dubh agus dathúil, agus  breá ábalta an chluain a chur ar dhuine, bhí [[neamhord dépholach]] ag gabháil dó is cosúil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/casement-sir-roger-david-a1532|teideal=Casement, Sir Roger David|údar=dib.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa Ghearmáin ó 1914 go dtí 1916, bhí trí éileamh ag Casement, airm, go dtreoródh oifigigh na Gearmáine éirí amach in Éirinn, agus go bhfoirmeofaí briogáid Éireannach ina mbeadh saighdiúirí Éireannacha in arm ba Breataine a bhí ina bpríosúnaigh chogaidh sa Ghearmáin ag an am. Theip air.  Níor gheall na Gearmánaigh ach líon réasúnta beag arm, agus ní raibh mórán de na príosúnaigh chogaidh sásta dul isteach sa bhriogáid Éireannach.  

Gabhadh Casement ag Trá na Beannaí i gCo. Chiarraí ar Aoine an Chéasta 1916, tar éis d’fhomhuireán Gearmánach é a chur i dtír.  Cuireadh tréas ina leith, fuarthas ciontach é agus crochadh é ar an 3 Lúnasa 1916  i b[[príosún]] [[Pentonville]] i [[Londain]].  [[Íomhá:Roger Casement en el Putumayo.jpg|clé|mion|Casement  i bPutumayo, [[Peiriú]], 1911 b'fhéidir|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Roger Casement and Mrs French Sheldon Wellcome L0044676.jpg|clé|mion|Roger Casement agus Mrs French Sheldon Wellcome, Congó, 1904|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Herbert ward and roger casement.jpg|mion|Bhí an dealbhóir [[:en:Herbert_Ward_(sculptor)|Herbert Ward]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Herbert Ward (sculptor)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Ward_(sculptor)&amp;oldid=1021729801|journal=Wikipedia|date=2021-05-06|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; an-mhór le Casement  roimh 1915 (ar dheis)|clé|220x220px]][[Íomhá:Sir Roger Casement (6188264610).jpg|clé|mion|timpeall 1908|305x305px]][[Íomhá:Casement Roger.jpg|mion|clé|292x292px|1910 '''le''' Keogh Brothers Studio, BAC]][[Íomhá:Roger Casement - The crime against Ireland and how the war may right it.djvu|clé|mion|337x337px|Leabhar a scríobh Casement : ''The crime against Ireland and how the war may right it'']]
[[Íomhá:&quot;To Protest Against the Lawless Policy of Carsonism&quot;.jpg|clé|mion|339x339px|1913]]
[[Íomhá:Sir Roger Casement LCCN2014699528.jpg|clé|mion|302x302px|1915]]
[[Íomhá:1916 Jan 24. Monteith's letter to Casement.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Eanáir 1916:  litir a scríobh Monteith huig Casement]]

== Saol ==
[[Íomhá:Roger Casement-Grave in Glasnevin.jpg|clé|mion|318x318px|Curtha i [[Reilig Ghlas Naíon]]]]Rugadh Roger Casement (1864-1916) ag Teachín Doyle, Lawson Terrace, [[Cuas an Ghainimh]], Co. Bhaile Átha Cliath, mac leis an gCaptaen Roger Casement ón 3ú Garda Dragúin in arm na Breataine agus Anne Jephson ó Mhala, Co. Chorcaí.  Tógadh mar Phrotastúnach (Eaglais na hÉireann) é, cosúil lena athair.  

Timpeall trí bliana d'aois, bhog an teaghlach as Baile Átha Cliath go Sasana, áit ar mhair siad go himeallach ó thaobh airgid de.  Le linn na tréimhse sin i Sasana, thug a mháthair go dtí an Bhreatain Bheag é lena bhaisteadh ina Chaitliceach faoi rún. Níl na foinsí ar aon intinn faoin mbaile beacht: deir cuid acu gurbh í Rhyl í, ach de réir Vicipéid an Bhéarla, luaigh an sagart a rinne an baisteadh, in agallamh ó 1916, [[Aberystwyth]] go sonrach — 130 km ó [[Y Rhyl|Rhyl]].  

Fuair a mháthair bás i 1873, nuair nach raibh Ruairí ach naoi mbliana d'aois; b'shin an fáth ar fhill an teaghlach ar Chontae Aontroma.  Fuair a athair bás i 1877 agus b'iad muintir a athar i g[[Cúige Uladh]] a thóg é.. As sin amach, ba é a uncail, John Casement as Magherintemple,  in aice le Baile an Chaistil, Contae Aontroma, a thóg é.  Cuireadh oideachas mar scoláire cónaithe air ag scoil na deoise sa [[An Baile Meánach|Bhaile Meánach]].

Dar le Jeffrey Dudgeon — an príomhbheathaisnéisí ar Mhac Easmainn — ní raibh baint dá laghad ag muintir Casement leis an bpobal Albanach Preispitéireach in Aontroim. Tugtar le fios go raibh siad tomhaiste bródúil as a bheith difriúil óna gcomharsana Preispitéireacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/roger-casement-a-campaigner-not-a-conspirator-or-even-an-ulster-protestant-1.2680244|teideal=Roger Casement: a campaigner, not a conspirator or even an Ulster Protestant|údar=Jeffrey Dudgeon|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tar éis an scoil a fhágáil i 1880, d’oibrigh Casement i bpoist éagsúla, lena n-áirítear mar chléireach i Learpholl, i riarachán, agus sa tseirbhís phoiblí san Afraic. Ó 1895 ar aghaidh, bhí ceapacháin consalacha aige ag áiteanna éagsúla san Afraic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nli.ie/1916/exhibition/ga/content/rogercasement/index.pdf|teideal=Roger Casement|údar=nli.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Congó ==
I mBoma sa Chongó fuair Casment údarú ó Oifig Eachtrach na Breataine chun iniúchadh agus tuairisciú a dhéanamh ar mhíbhainistiú na Beilge.  Ar dtús, bhain Casement   cáil amach leis an tuairisc a thug sé ar an léirscrios a rinne anlathas [[Rí]] na [[An Bheilg|Beilge]], Leopold, ar [[Saorstát an Chongó|Chongó na Beilge]].  

I mí an Mheithimh 1903 tháinig Casement  go dtí Leopoldville ag ceann deiscirt an Chongó Uachtaraigh. Thaistil sé suas an abhainn ag brath ar ghrúpaí de mhisinéirí le haghaidh iompair agus lóistín. I gcomparáid le turas roimhe sin i 1887, tháinig sé ar phobal laghdaithe agus brúite.

Ar an [[2 Feabhra]] [[1904]], foilsíodh tuairisc  Casement   um ainghníomhartha na mBeilgeach sa Chongó, bunaithe ar staidéar agus agallaimh. Cháin sé rialtas na Beilge ina thuairisc mar rialtas gan trua, agus nochtadh ann sárú córasach ar chearta daonna na ndaoine dúchais. 

Sa bhliain chéanna, 1904, bhunaigh a chara, Edmond Morel, Cumann Leasú an Chongó. Mhéadaigh an cumann seo ar an eolas i measc an phobail maidir leis na hainghníomhartha agus rinne sé comhghríosú chun leasú a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=museum.ie|date=|url=https://www.museum.ie/getmedia/bbc5ec22-153c-4051-8cef-9ec710f3b635/Panel-4-Casement-in-the-Congo-Free-State.pdf|title=Mac Easmainn i Saorstát an Chongó|language=ga-IE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair Casement CMG (Order of St Michael and St George) in 1905 mar gheall ar an tuairisc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sa deireadh i 1908, gabhadh Saorstát an Chongó isteach sa Bheilg. Mar thoradh ar sin tháinig feabhas ar leas an phobail dhúchasaigh.

== Daonnúlach ==
Chuaigh sé ar ais i mbun seirbhíse consalach in Santos, Para agus Rio sa Bhrasaíl. Nuair a coimisiúnaíodh é le tabhairt faoi thuairisc ar mhí-úsáid tuairiscithe oibrithe i dtionscal an rubair in imchuach Putumayo sa Pheiriú. Foilsíodh an tuairisc mar pháipéar parlaiminteach (1911) agus bhí tionchar suntasach aige.

Fuair Casement aitheantas idirnáisiúnta dá bharr mar dhaonnúlach, agus aithníodh a ionchur le ridireacht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Náisiúnaí ==
Bhí Casement ina bhall de [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] ar feadh roinnt blianta agus ghlac sé páirt ian ghníomhaíochtaí cultúrtha pé uair a bhí sé in Éirinn. Bhí sé ag foghlaim Gaeilge agus bhí suim ghníomhach aige i litríocht, stair agus traidisiún na hÉireann. 

Ba chosúil chomh maith go raibh sé éirithe díomách faoin am gur fhág sé an tseirbhís chonsalach timpeall 1911 le himpireacht na Breataine agus an rud ar bhreathnaigh sé air anois mar an smacht éagórach a bhí aici ar Éirinn. Anuas air sin, d’éirigh sé níos radacaí mar gheall go raibh aontachtaithe Uladh ag cur in aghaidh an [[Rialtas Dúchais]] ó 1912 ar aghaidh. 

Nuair a bunaíodh [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] i Samhain 1913, toghadh é ar an gcoiste sealadach. Nuair a thosaigh an cogadh i mí Lúnasa 1914 bhí sé sna Stáit Aontaithe ag bailiú airgid d’óglaigh na hÉireann.  

Sa staid pholaitiúil nua in 1914, d’aithin sé an Ghearmáin mar chomhghuaillí féideartha ag Éirinn agus chinn sé cúnamh a iarradh ar an nGearmáin. Bhí sceipteachas ag go leor de náisiúnach na hÉireann i leith Casement a raibh amhras orthu faoina mhacántacht nó a cheap go raibh sé míshocair agus dainséarach. D’ainneoin sin, chuir ceannaire Chlann na Gael, [[John Devoy]], a d’óstáil a chamchuairt ar Mheiriceá, i dteagmháil é le hambasadóir na Gearmáine a shocraigh cuairt dó i mBeirlín.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;   

=== Sa Ghearmáin ===
Ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1914, tháinig Ruairí Casement go Beirlín ó Mheiriceá. Bhí  Casement  ina idirghabhálaí rúnda ag iarraidh lón cogaidh a sholáthar do reibiliúnaigh [[Éirí Amach na Cásca|na Cásca]].   Bhuail sé le hArthur Zimmermann, Fo-Rúnaí Stáit in Oifig Gnóthaí Eachtracha na Gearmáine, agus le Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Seansailéir na hImpireachta. D'fhógair seisean go raibh an Ghearmáin ar son chúis na Náisiúnaithe.  
Bhí sé ar intinn ag Casement saighdiúirí Éireannacha a earcú as na príosúnaigh chogaidh sa Ghearmáin le linn an [[Cogadh Mór|Chogaidh Mhóir]]. Thosaigh Casement ag earcú don “Bhriogáid Éireannach” i measc príosúnaigh chogaidh Éireannacha, iarrachtaí gan toradh ar dtús.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Sa bhliain 1915, thug sé an sáirsint Robert Monteith&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/monteith.html|teideal=Monteith, the officer in charge of the Irish Brigade|work=www.irishbrigade.eu|dátarochtana=2021-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nuair a thosaigh an cogadh i 1914, ordaíodh do Monteith earcaíocht a dhéanamh d'arm na Breataine; dhiúltaigh sé, agus caitheadh amach as a phost é (agus as Baile Átha Cliath). Ansin a chuaigh sé go Luimneach mar theagascóir druile — sé sin, go déanach i 1914, '''tar éis''' do Mhac Easmainn Éire a fhágáil (Lúnasa 1914 go Meiriceá, Deireadh Fómhair 1914 go dtí an Ghearmáin). Ní raibh Mac Easmainn in Éirinn a thuilleadh nuair a bhí Monteith i Luimneach, mar sin. 

I Luimneach a d'earcaigh [[Tomás Ó Cléirigh|Tom Clarke]] é chun dul i mbun na Briogáide leis an nGearmáin, agus i München, i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1915, a bhuail Monteith agus Mac Easmainn lena chéile den chéad uair. &lt;/ref&gt; in éineacht leis, a bhí ina theagascóir druile le h[[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] i [[Luimneach]], chun a bheith mar Phríomh-Oifigeach na Briogáide. Shroich siad Campa Príosúnaigh Chogaidh Zossen, a bhí fiche míle ó dheas ó [[Beirlín|Bheirlín]], ar an 26 Deireadh Fómhair 1915.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://centenaries.ucd.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/83980-UCD-Decade-of-Centenaries_A5-IRISH_FA_download_v2.pdf|teideal=DEICH mBLIANA na gCUIMHNEACHÁN|údar=centenaries.ucd.ie|dátarochtana=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ní raibh aon rath ar an eagraíocht; ní raibh ach 56 fhear inti an bhliain dár gcionn. 

=== Éirí amach ===
Fuair Casement  airm agus armlón sa Ghearmáin sa bhliain 1916 le haghaidh na reibiliúnach, ach ní raibh an cúnamh chomh maith agus a cheap sé a bheadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/d6677dab14c7b78e5c58b4a1bfeec203.pptx|teideal=Ruairí Mac Easmainn|údar=forasnagaeilge.ie/|dátarochtana=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Nuair a fuair Casement amach go raibh éirí amach pleanáilte don Cháisc, rinne sé cinneadh é a stopadh mar gur chreid sé nach n-éireodh leis gan go leor arm agus gan tacaíocht na Gearmáine. 

Ar an [[11 Aibreán]] [[1916]], sheol Casement ó Wilhelmshaven ar a bhealach go hÉirinn ar bhord an [[Fomhuireán|fhomhuireáin]] U19 le súil go mbuailfeadh sé leis an long &quot;Aud&quot; i g[[Contae Chiarraí]], ar a raibh lastas 20,000 [[raidhfil]], 10 [[meaisínghunna]] agus 1,000,000 urchar a bhí le tabhairt i dtír d’[[Éirí Amach na Cásca]]. 

Go luath maidin Aoine an Chéasta 1916 ([[21 Aibreán]] [[1916]]), tháinig Casement, Robert Monteith agus Daniel Bailey i dtír  ar [[Trá na Beannaí|Thrá na Beannaí]] tar éis dóibh an [[fomhuireán]] Gearmánach, inar thaistil siad ón Ghearmáin, a fhágáil. Theip ar a n-iarrachtaí castáil leis an Aud. D’fhan Casement, a bhí breoite agus tnáite i ndiaidh an aistir fhada, i nDún Mhic Cionnaith, fad a d’imigh Monteith agus Bailey go [[Trá Lí]]. Ghabh cabhlach na Breataine an long ar a raibh na raidhfilí Gearmánacha, an Aud, amach ó chósta an deiscirt agus chuir an captaen go tóin poill é.  

Ar a chloisteáil d’[[Eoin Mac Néill]], ceannaire Óglaigh na hÉireann, go raibh Casement gafa agus na hairm ón nGearmáin caillte, d’ordaigh sé an tÉirí Amach, a bhí beartaithe do [[Domhnach Cásca|Dhomhnach Cásca]],  a chur ar ceal.  

== Basú ==
Tugadh Casement chuig Túr Londain agus cuireadh ar a thriail é as ardtréas san Old Bailey. Ciontaíodh as tréas é. Sular cuireadh chun báis é, ghlac an Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach leis. Crochadh Roger Casement ag Príosún Pentonville ar an 3 Lúnasa 1916.   

Cuireadh  Casement  chun báis i bhfad i ndiaidh cheannairí eile na Cásca.  

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Saorstát an Chongó]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Éirí Amach na Cásca}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Easmainn, Ruairi Mac}}
[[Catagóir:Daonnúlaigh Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1864]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1916]]
[[Catagóir:Taidhleoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine curtha chun báis]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine LADT]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha den 20ú haois]]
[[Catagóir:Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó]]
[[Catagóir:Cuas an Ghainimh]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Eaglais na hÉireann]]</text>
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[[Taidhleoir]], [[daonnúlach]] agus [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnaí]] [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Ruairí Dáithí Casement ('''nó '''Mhic Easmainn''' nó '''an tEasmannach )''' nó '''Roger Casement''' ([[1 Meán Fómhair]] [[1864]] - [[3 Lúnasa]] [[1916]]). Bhí ról cinniúnach aige in imeachtaí na bliana 1916, agus chuir sé [[Éire]] ar [[Bóthar|bhóthar]] an [[Neamhspleách (polaitíocht)|neamhspleáchais]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/comoradh-ar-thra-na-beannai-ar-theacht-i-dtir-agus-gabhail-mhic-easmainn-cothrom-an-lae-seo-cead-bliain-o-shin/|teideal=Comóradh ar Thrá na Beannaí ar theacht i dtír agus gabháil Mhic Easmainn cothrom an lae seo céad bliain ó shin|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2019-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ard, dubh agus dathúil, agus  breá ábalta an chluain a chur ar dhuine, bhí [[neamhord dépholach]] ag gabháil dó is cosúil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/casement-sir-roger-david-a1532|teideal=Casement, Sir Roger David|údar=dib.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa Ghearmáin ó 1914 go dtí 1916, bhí trí éileamh ag Casement, airm, go dtreoródh oifigigh na Gearmáine éirí amach in Éirinn, agus go bhfoirmeofaí briogáid Éireannach ina mbeadh saighdiúirí Éireannacha in arm ba Breataine a bhí ina bpríosúnaigh chogaidh sa Ghearmáin ag an am. Theip air.  Níor gheall na Gearmánaigh ach líon réasúnta beag arm, agus ní raibh mórán de na príosúnaigh chogaidh sásta dul isteach sa bhriogáid Éireannach.  

Gabhadh Casement ag Trá na Beannaí i gCo. Chiarraí ar Aoine an Chéasta 1916, tar éis d’fhomhuireán Gearmánach é a chur i dtír.  Cuireadh tréas ina leith, fuarthas ciontach é agus crochadh é ar an 3 Lúnasa 1916  i b[[príosún]] [[Pentonville]] i [[Londain]].  [[Íomhá:Roger Casement en el Putumayo.jpg|clé|mion|Casement  i bPutumayo, [[Peiriú]], 1911 b'fhéidir|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Roger Casement and Mrs French Sheldon Wellcome L0044676.jpg|clé|mion|Roger Casement agus Mrs French Sheldon Wellcome, Congó, 1904|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Herbert ward and roger casement.jpg|mion|Bhí an dealbhóir [[:en:Herbert_Ward_(sculptor)|Herbert Ward]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Herbert Ward (sculptor)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Ward_(sculptor)&amp;oldid=1021729801|journal=Wikipedia|date=2021-05-06|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; an-mhór le Casement  roimh 1915 (ar dheis)|clé|220x220px]][[Íomhá:Sir Roger Casement (6188264610).jpg|clé|mion|timpeall 1908|305x305px]][[Íomhá:Casement Roger.jpg|mion|clé|292x292px|1910 '''le''' Keogh Brothers Studio, BAC]][[Íomhá:Roger Casement - The crime against Ireland and how the war may right it.djvu|clé|mion|337x337px|pdf ceangailte:  leabhar a scríobh Casement : ''The crime against Ireland and how the war may right it'']]
[[Íomhá:&quot;To Protest Against the Lawless Policy of Carsonism&quot;.jpg|clé|mion|339x339px|1913: cruinniú poiblí in aghaidh an &quot;Carsonism&quot;]]
[[Íomhá:Sir Roger Casement LCCN2014699528.jpg|clé|mion|302x302px|1915]]
[[Íomhá:1916 Jan 24. Monteith's letter to Casement.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Eanáir 1916:  litir a scríobh Monteith huig Casement]]

== Saol ==
[[Íomhá:Roger Casement-Grave in Glasnevin.jpg|clé|mion|318x318px|Curtha i [[Reilig Ghlas Naíon]]]]Rugadh Roger Casement (1864-1916) ag Teachín Doyle, Lawson Terrace, [[Cuas an Ghainimh]], Co. Bhaile Átha Cliath, mac leis an gCaptaen Roger Casement ón 3ú Garda Dragúin in arm na Breataine agus Anne Jephson ó Mhala, Co. Chorcaí.  Tógadh mar Phrotastúnach (Eaglais na hÉireann) é, cosúil lena athair.  

Timpeall trí bliana d'aois, bhog an teaghlach as Baile Átha Cliath go Sasana, áit ar mhair siad go himeallach ó thaobh airgid de.  Le linn na tréimhse sin i Sasana, thug a mháthair go dtí an Bhreatain Bheag é lena bhaisteadh ina Chaitliceach faoi rún. Níl na foinsí ar aon intinn faoin mbaile beacht: deir cuid acu gurbh í Rhyl í, ach de réir Vicipéid an Bhéarla, luaigh an sagart a rinne an baisteadh, in agallamh ó 1916, [[Aberystwyth]] go sonrach — 130 km ó [[Y Rhyl|Rhyl]].  

Fuair a mháthair bás i 1873, nuair nach raibh Ruairí ach naoi mbliana d'aois; b'shin an fáth ar fhill an teaghlach ar Chontae Aontroma.  Fuair a athair bás i 1877 agus b'iad muintir a athar i g[[Cúige Uladh]] a thóg é.. As sin amach, ba é a uncail, John Casement as Magherintemple,  in aice le Baile an Chaistil, Contae Aontroma, a thóg é.  Cuireadh oideachas mar scoláire cónaithe air ag scoil na deoise sa [[An Baile Meánach|Bhaile Meánach]].

Dar le Jeffrey Dudgeon — an príomhbheathaisnéisí ar Mhac Easmainn — ní raibh baint dá laghad ag muintir Casement leis an bpobal Albanach Preispitéireach in Aontroim. Tugtar le fios go raibh siad tomhaiste bródúil as a bheith difriúil óna gcomharsana Preispitéireacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/roger-casement-a-campaigner-not-a-conspirator-or-even-an-ulster-protestant-1.2680244|teideal=Roger Casement: a campaigner, not a conspirator or even an Ulster Protestant|údar=Jeffrey Dudgeon|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tar éis an scoil a fhágáil i 1880, d’oibrigh Casement i bpoist éagsúla, lena n-áirítear mar chléireach i Learpholl, i riarachán, agus sa tseirbhís phoiblí san Afraic. Ó 1895 ar aghaidh, bhí ceapacháin consalacha aige ag áiteanna éagsúla san Afraic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nli.ie/1916/exhibition/ga/content/rogercasement/index.pdf|teideal=Roger Casement|údar=nli.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Congó ==
I mBoma sa Chongó fuair Casment údarú ó Oifig Eachtrach na Breataine chun iniúchadh agus tuairisciú a dhéanamh ar mhíbhainistiú na Beilge.  Ar dtús, bhain Casement   cáil amach leis an tuairisc a thug sé ar an léirscrios a rinne anlathas [[Rí]] na [[An Bheilg|Beilge]], Leopold, ar [[Saorstát an Chongó|Chongó na Beilge]].  

I mí an Mheithimh 1903 tháinig Casement  go dtí Leopoldville ag ceann deiscirt an Chongó Uachtaraigh. Thaistil sé suas an abhainn ag brath ar ghrúpaí de mhisinéirí le haghaidh iompair agus lóistín. I gcomparáid le turas roimhe sin i 1887, tháinig sé ar phobal laghdaithe agus brúite.

Ar an [[2 Feabhra]] [[1904]], foilsíodh tuairisc  Casement   um ainghníomhartha na mBeilgeach sa Chongó, bunaithe ar staidéar agus agallaimh. Cháin sé rialtas na Beilge ina thuairisc mar rialtas gan trua, agus nochtadh ann sárú córasach ar chearta daonna na ndaoine dúchais. 

Sa bhliain chéanna, 1904, bhunaigh a chara, Edmond Morel, Cumann Leasú an Chongó. Mhéadaigh an cumann seo ar an eolas i measc an phobail maidir leis na hainghníomhartha agus rinne sé comhghríosú chun leasú a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=museum.ie|date=|url=https://www.museum.ie/getmedia/bbc5ec22-153c-4051-8cef-9ec710f3b635/Panel-4-Casement-in-the-Congo-Free-State.pdf|title=Mac Easmainn i Saorstát an Chongó|language=ga-IE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair Casement CMG (Order of St Michael and St George) in 1905 mar gheall ar an tuairisc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sa deireadh i 1908, gabhadh Saorstát an Chongó isteach sa Bheilg. Mar thoradh ar sin tháinig feabhas ar leas an phobail dhúchasaigh.

== Daonnúlach ==
Chuaigh sé ar ais i mbun seirbhíse consalach in Santos, Para agus Rio sa Bhrasaíl. Nuair a coimisiúnaíodh é le tabhairt faoi thuairisc ar mhí-úsáid tuairiscithe oibrithe i dtionscal an rubair in imchuach Putumayo sa Pheiriú. Foilsíodh an tuairisc mar pháipéar parlaiminteach (1911) agus bhí tionchar suntasach aige.

Fuair Casement aitheantas idirnáisiúnta dá bharr mar dhaonnúlach, agus aithníodh a ionchur le ridireacht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Náisiúnaí ==
Bhí Casement ina bhall de [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] ar feadh roinnt blianta agus ghlac sé páirt ian ghníomhaíochtaí cultúrtha pé uair a bhí sé in Éirinn. Bhí sé ag foghlaim Gaeilge agus bhí suim ghníomhach aige i litríocht, stair agus traidisiún na hÉireann. 

Ba chosúil chomh maith go raibh sé éirithe díomách faoin am gur fhág sé an tseirbhís chonsalach timpeall 1911 le himpireacht na Breataine agus an rud ar bhreathnaigh sé air anois mar an smacht éagórach a bhí aici ar Éirinn. Anuas air sin, d’éirigh sé níos radacaí mar gheall go raibh aontachtaithe Uladh ag cur in aghaidh an [[Rialtas Dúchais]] ó 1912 ar aghaidh. 

Nuair a bunaíodh [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] i Samhain 1913, toghadh é ar an gcoiste sealadach. Nuair a thosaigh an cogadh i mí Lúnasa 1914 bhí sé sna Stáit Aontaithe ag bailiú airgid d’óglaigh na hÉireann.  

Sa staid pholaitiúil nua in 1914, d’aithin sé an Ghearmáin mar chomhghuaillí féideartha ag Éirinn agus chinn sé cúnamh a iarradh ar an nGearmáin. Bhí sceipteachas ag go leor de náisiúnach na hÉireann i leith Casement a raibh amhras orthu faoina mhacántacht nó a cheap go raibh sé míshocair agus dainséarach. D’ainneoin sin, chuir ceannaire Chlann na Gael, [[John Devoy]], a d’óstáil a chamchuairt ar Mheiriceá, i dteagmháil é le hambasadóir na Gearmáine a shocraigh cuairt dó i mBeirlín.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;   

=== Sa Ghearmáin ===
Ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1914, tháinig Ruairí Casement go Beirlín ó Mheiriceá. Bhí  Casement  ina idirghabhálaí rúnda ag iarraidh lón cogaidh a sholáthar do reibiliúnaigh [[Éirí Amach na Cásca|na Cásca]].   Bhuail sé le hArthur Zimmermann, Fo-Rúnaí Stáit in Oifig Gnóthaí Eachtracha na Gearmáine, agus le Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Seansailéir na hImpireachta. D'fhógair seisean go raibh an Ghearmáin ar son chúis na Náisiúnaithe.  
Bhí sé ar intinn ag Casement saighdiúirí Éireannacha a earcú as na príosúnaigh chogaidh sa Ghearmáin le linn an [[Cogadh Mór|Chogaidh Mhóir]]. Thosaigh Casement ag earcú don “Bhriogáid Éireannach” i measc príosúnaigh chogaidh Éireannacha, iarrachtaí gan toradh ar dtús.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Sa bhliain 1915, thug sé an sáirsint Robert Monteith&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/monteith.html|teideal=Monteith, the officer in charge of the Irish Brigade|work=www.irishbrigade.eu|dátarochtana=2021-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nuair a thosaigh an cogadh i 1914, ordaíodh do Monteith earcaíocht a dhéanamh d'arm na Breataine; dhiúltaigh sé, agus caitheadh amach as a phost é (agus as Baile Átha Cliath). Ansin a chuaigh sé go Luimneach mar theagascóir druile — sé sin, go déanach i 1914, '''tar éis''' do Mhac Easmainn Éire a fhágáil (Lúnasa 1914 go Meiriceá, Deireadh Fómhair 1914 go dtí an Ghearmáin). Ní raibh Mac Easmainn in Éirinn a thuilleadh nuair a bhí Monteith i Luimneach, mar sin. 

I Luimneach a d'earcaigh [[Tomás Ó Cléirigh|Tom Clarke]] é chun dul i mbun na Briogáide leis an nGearmáin, agus i München, i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1915, a bhuail Monteith agus Mac Easmainn lena chéile den chéad uair. &lt;/ref&gt; in éineacht leis, a bhí ina theagascóir druile le h[[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] i [[Luimneach]], chun a bheith mar Phríomh-Oifigeach na Briogáide. Shroich siad Campa Príosúnaigh Chogaidh Zossen, a bhí fiche míle ó dheas ó [[Beirlín|Bheirlín]], ar an 26 Deireadh Fómhair 1915.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://centenaries.ucd.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/83980-UCD-Decade-of-Centenaries_A5-IRISH_FA_download_v2.pdf|teideal=DEICH mBLIANA na gCUIMHNEACHÁN|údar=centenaries.ucd.ie|dátarochtana=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ní raibh aon rath ar an eagraíocht; ní raibh ach 56 fhear inti an bhliain dár gcionn. 

=== Éirí amach ===
Fuair Casement  airm agus armlón sa Ghearmáin sa bhliain 1916 le haghaidh na reibiliúnach, ach ní raibh an cúnamh chomh maith agus a cheap sé a bheadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/d6677dab14c7b78e5c58b4a1bfeec203.pptx|teideal=Ruairí Mac Easmainn|údar=forasnagaeilge.ie/|dátarochtana=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Nuair a fuair Casement amach go raibh éirí amach pleanáilte don Cháisc, rinne sé cinneadh é a stopadh mar gur chreid sé nach n-éireodh leis gan go leor arm agus gan tacaíocht na Gearmáine. 

Ar an [[11 Aibreán]] [[1916]], sheol Casement ó Wilhelmshaven ar a bhealach go hÉirinn ar bhord an [[Fomhuireán|fhomhuireáin]] U19 le súil go mbuailfeadh sé leis an long &quot;Aud&quot; i g[[Contae Chiarraí]], ar a raibh lastas 20,000 [[raidhfil]], 10 [[meaisínghunna]] agus 1,000,000 urchar a bhí le tabhairt i dtír d’[[Éirí Amach na Cásca]]. 

Go luath maidin Aoine an Chéasta 1916 ([[21 Aibreán]] [[1916]]), tháinig Casement, Robert Monteith agus Daniel Bailey i dtír  ar [[Trá na Beannaí|Thrá na Beannaí]] tar éis dóibh an [[fomhuireán]] Gearmánach, inar thaistil siad ón Ghearmáin, a fhágáil. Theip ar a n-iarrachtaí castáil leis an Aud. D’fhan Casement, a bhí breoite agus tnáite i ndiaidh an aistir fhada, i nDún Mhic Cionnaith, fad a d’imigh Monteith agus Bailey go [[Trá Lí]]. Ghabh cabhlach na Breataine an long ar a raibh na raidhfilí Gearmánacha, an Aud, amach ó chósta an deiscirt agus chuir an captaen go tóin poill é.  

Ar a chloisteáil d’[[Eoin Mac Néill]], ceannaire Óglaigh na hÉireann, go raibh Casement gafa agus na hairm ón nGearmáin caillte, d’ordaigh sé an tÉirí Amach, a bhí beartaithe do [[Domhnach Cásca|Dhomhnach Cásca]],  a chur ar ceal.  

== Basú ==
Tugadh Casement chuig Túr Londain agus cuireadh ar a thriail é as ardtréas san Old Bailey. Ciontaíodh as tréas é. Sular cuireadh chun báis é, ghlac an Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach leis. Crochadh Roger Casement ag Príosún Pentonville ar an 3 Lúnasa 1916.   

Cuireadh  Casement  chun báis i bhfad i ndiaidh cheannairí eile na Cásca.  

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Saorstát an Chongó]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Éirí Amach na Cásca}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Easmainn, Ruairi Mac}}
[[Catagóir:Daonnúlaigh Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1864]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1916]]
[[Catagóir:Taidhleoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine curtha chun báis]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine LADT]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha den 20ú haois]]
[[Catagóir:Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó]]
[[Catagóir:Cuas an Ghainimh]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Eaglais na hÉireann]]</text>
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[[Tír]] [[An Mhicrinéis|Mhicrinéiseach]] is ea '''Poblacht Naoero''', an t-ainm oifigiúil nua ar a dtugtaí Nárú roimhe seo i nGaeilge. Is é '''Naoero''' an fhoirm ghiorraithe, agus nuashonraítear an cód go NRO, agus dei-Naoero a thabharfar ar na daoine.Ta an tír suite san [[an tAigéan Ciúin|Aigéan Ciúin]]. Níl aon [[Príomhchathair|phríomhbhaile]] oifigiúil ar an oileán ach tá an rialtas suite in [[Yaren]].

I rith an [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] bhí an t-oileán faoi fhorghabháil [[an tSeapáin|na Seapáine]].

Bhain sé neamhspleáchas amach ón [[Impireacht na Breataine|Bhreatain]] sa bhliain 1968.

In 2021, bhí daonra 12,511 ag an oileán.

Is fadhb mhór é an [[murtall]]. In 2012, bhí 71.7% den daonra murtallach, an ráta is airde ar domhan. Is fadhb chomónta é ar oileáin an Aigéin Chiúin.

Tá [[aerfort]] amháin ar an oileán. Tógadh é i rith an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, agus tar éis an chogaidh i leith tá sé in úsáid mar aerfort sibhialtach. Is é Nauru Airlines an príomh-aerlíne san tír.
==Naisc sheachtracha==

* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/aug/03/nauru-officially-changes-its-name-to-naoero Nauru officially changes its name to Naoero]
* [https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/naoero/naoero-country-brief Naoero country brief]
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Comhlathas na Náisiún}}
{{Síol-tír}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naru}}
[[Catagóir:Nárú]]
[[Catagóir:Oileáin]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit Chomhlathas na Náisiún]]
Is é Poblacht na Naoero an t-ainm oifigiúil nua ar an méid ar a dtugtaí Nárú roimhe seo. Is é Naoero an fhoirm ghiorraithe, agus nuashonraítear an cód go NRO, agus dei-Naoero a thabharfar ar na daoine.</text>
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[[Tír]] [[An Mhicrinéis|Mhicrinéiseach]] is ea '''Poblacht Naoero''', an t-ainm oifigiúil nua ar a dtugtaí Nárú roimhe seo i nGaeilge. Is é '''Naoero''' an fhoirm ghiorraithe, agus nuashonraítear an cód go NRO, agus dei-Naoero a thabharfar ar na daoine. Tá an tír suite san [[an tAigéan Ciúin|Aigéan Ciúin]]. Níl aon [[Príomhchathair|phríomhbhaile]] oifigiúil ar an oileán ach tá an rialtas suite in [[Yaren]].

I rith an [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] bhí an t-oileán faoi fhorghabháil [[an tSeapáin|na Seapáine]].

Bhain sé neamhspleáchas amach ón [[Impireacht na Breataine|Bhreatain]] sa bhliain 1968.

In 2021, bhí daonra 12,511 ag an oileán.

Is fadhb mhór é an [[murtall]]. In 2012, bhí 71.7% den daonra murtallach, an ráta is airde ar domhan. Is fadhb chomónta é ar oileáin an Aigéin Chiúin.

Tá [[aerfort]] amháin ar an oileán. Tógadh é i rith an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, agus tar éis an chogaidh i leith tá sé in úsáid mar aerfort sibhialtach. Is é Nauru Airlines an príomh-aerlíne san tír.
==Naisc sheachtracha==

* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/aug/03/nauru-officially-changes-its-name-to-naoero Nauru officially changes its name to Naoero]
* [https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/naoero/naoero-country-brief Naoero country brief]
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Comhlathas na Náisiún}}
{{Síol-tír}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naru}}
[[Catagóir:Nárú]]
[[Catagóir:Oileáin]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit Chomhlathas na Náisiún]]
Is é Poblacht na Naoero an t-ainm oifigiúil nua ar an méid ar a dtugtaí Nárú roimhe seo. Is é Naoero an fhoirm ghiorraithe, agus nuashonraítear an cód go NRO, agus dei-Naoero a thabharfar ar na daoine.</text>
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        <id>188</id>
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      <comment>Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Nárú]] go [[Naoero]]:  An t-ainm oifigiúil nua </comment>
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[[Tír]] [[An Mhicrinéis|Mhicrinéiseach]] is ea '''Poblacht Naoero''', an t-ainm oifigiúil nua ar a dtugtaí Nárú roimhe seo i nGaeilge. Is é '''Naoero''' an fhoirm ghiorraithe, agus nuashonraítear an cód go NRO, agus dei-Naoero a thabharfar ar na daoine. Tá an tír suite san [[an tAigéan Ciúin|Aigéan Ciúin]]. Níl aon [[Príomhchathair|phríomhbhaile]] oifigiúil ar an oileán ach tá an rialtas suite in [[Yaren]].

I rith an [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] bhí an t-oileán faoi fhorghabháil [[an tSeapáin|na Seapáine]].

Bhain sé neamhspleáchas amach ón [[Impireacht na Breataine|Bhreatain]] sa bhliain 1968.

In 2021, bhí daonra 12,511 ag an oileán.

Is fadhb mhór é an [[murtall]]. In 2012, bhí 71.7% den daonra murtallach, an ráta is airde ar domhan. Is fadhb chomónta é ar oileáin an Aigéin Chiúin.

Tá [[aerfort]] amháin ar an oileán. Tógadh é i rith an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, agus tar éis an chogaidh i leith tá sé in úsáid mar aerfort sibhialtach. Is é Nauru Airlines an príomh-aerlíne san tír.
==Naisc sheachtracha==

* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/aug/03/nauru-officially-changes-its-name-to-naoero Nauru officially changes its name to Naoero]
* [https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/naoero/naoero-country-brief Naoero country brief]
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Comhlathas na Náisiún}}
{{Síol-tír}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naru}}
[[Catagóir:Nárú]]
[[Catagóir:Oileáin]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit Chomhlathas na Náisiún]]
Is é Poblacht na Naoero an t-ainm oifigiúil nua ar an méid ar a dtugtaí Nárú roimhe seo. Is é Naoero an fhoirm ghiorraithe, agus nuashonraítear an cód go NRO, agus dei-Naoero a thabharfar ar na daoine.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mí Lúnasa</title>
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      <comment>Ag socrú athsheolta dúbailte → [[Lúnasa]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="24" sha1="03w66gd4gds5j3s9a93wg0qrmhptht7" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Lúnasa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tíogar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>26171</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1322549</id>
      <parentid>1322536</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>An Sionnach Rua</username>
        <id>29036</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tábhacht chultúrtha */</comment>
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      <text bytes="160508" sha1="qgk5x4wsml9k6dsfg3dicmpsz268crx" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}}
[[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]]
Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')&lt;ref name=&quot;Tearma&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot; /&gt; ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]].

Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Bíonn saol aonarach aige go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] aige a chosnaíonn sé ar indibhidí den ghnéas chéanna. Cuimsíonn raon baile an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann baineannaigh idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Fágann na coileáin seo raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin nuair a bhíonn siad neamhspleách.

Ó bhlianta luatha na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon dáilte na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íobartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon dáilte. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. &amp; Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. 

== Sanasaíocht ==
Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. &amp; Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title=&quot;τίγρις&quot;.|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title=&quot;De lingua latina&quot; [On the Latin Language]|journal=&quot;XX. Ferarum vocabula&quot; [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur [[comhainm]] atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tacsanomaíocht ==
Rinne an luibheolaí Sualannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a bhaist sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'' air, mar ba ghnách an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na gcat uilig ag an am. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot;&gt;{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up &quot;Felis tigris&quot;] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Fospeiceas ===
{{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar reatha ([[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Holaicéineach]]) idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin na tíogair [[tíogar Bheangál|Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Mhalaecha]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneacha]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúracha]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Chaispeacha]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávacha]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bhailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Shumatracha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MSW3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 &quot;Species ''Panthera tigris''&quot;] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&amp;pg=PA546}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Wilting2015/&gt; Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis seo sa bhliain 1999 mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin idirdhealú a dhéanamh bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener1999&quot;&gt;Kitchener, A. (1999). &quot;Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues&quot; in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39&lt;/ref&gt;

D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus [[ADN miteacoindreach|ADN miteacoindreacha]] (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilting2015&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. &amp; Kitchener, A. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''[[felid]]'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeiceas 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.&lt;ref name=&quot;catsg&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. &amp; Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 shampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. &amp; Luo, S.-J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2023&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. &amp; Tu, X. L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. &amp; Luo, S.-J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat &quot;Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group.&quot; nó i nGaeilge &quot;Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fhospeiceasach] an speicis seo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005&lt;ref name=MSW3/&gt; agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;{{clear}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot; | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}&lt;ref name=Linn1758/&gt;
! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Bheangál]] 
{{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot; /&gt;
| | Cuireann pobal an tíogair seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jackson1996&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. &amp; Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title=&quot;Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)&quot; (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu ó thuaidh&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title=&quot;Panthera tigris&quot;|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák2010&quot;/&gt;
| |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Illiger&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&amp;cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile air&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan ar chúl a gcinn.&lt;ref name=Kitchener1999/&gt; Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Driscoll2009&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.&lt;ref name=Seidensticker1999/&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Temminck&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt; Athraíonn a chúldath ó [[ócar]]-bhuí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis a fholta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an bhlaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák2010&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}&lt;ref name=Hilzheimer&gt;{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhí na craicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].&lt;ref name=Hilzheimer/&gt; Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a chrosphóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar ní fhacthas é go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.&lt;ref name=Wang2023/&gt;
| |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazak1968&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.&lt;ref name=Mazak1968/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mazak06&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. &amp; Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Luo04&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a [[Seicheamh aigéid núicléasaigh|sheichimh mhionsatailíte]] agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.&lt;ref name=Luo04/&gt; Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisce agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt; Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
| |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot; | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;
! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt;
| |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt; Bhí tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt; Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. &lt;ref name=Seidensticker1999/&gt;
| |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}&lt;ref name=Schwarz&gt;{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.&lt;ref name=Schwarz/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;der-tiger&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gné tipicúil de bhlaoscanna an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. &amp; Van Bree, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Seidensticker1999&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. &amp; Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}&lt;ref name=Pocock1929&gt;{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.&lt;ref name=Pocock1929/&gt; Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]]
|}

=== Éabhlóid ===
{{Cladogram|{{clade
|label1=''[[Panthera]]''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]]
|2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]]
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]]
|label2=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
                |2={{clade
                    |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]]
                    |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]]
                    }}
}}
}}
}}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016&lt;ref name=Li_al2016&gt;{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. &amp; Murphy, W. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. &amp; Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. &amp; Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tseng&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. &amp; Xie, G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.&lt;ref name=Mazák/&gt; Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=The identity of the &quot;lion&quot;, ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans &quot;leopard&quot; (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. &amp; Liu, J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh i [[Contae Lantian|gContae Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.&lt;ref name=Mazák/&gt;

Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener2009&quot;&gt;Kitchener, A. &amp; Yamaguchi, N. (2009). &quot;What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy&quot; in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84&lt;/ref&gt; Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luo04&quot; /&gt; Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Hibridí ===
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Hibridí Feilideacha|Hibrid Panthera}}

Is féidir le tíogair [[crosphórú]] le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabryś&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. &amp; Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéid is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomhmhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.&lt;ref name=&quot;imprinting&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}&lt;/ref&gt; Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabryś&quot; /&gt;


== Cur síos ==
[[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]]
Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}}  

Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&amp;pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. &amp; Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener1999&quot; /&gt; Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Sunquist, M. (2010). &quot;What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour&quot; in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34&lt;/ref&gt; Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener2009&quot; /&gt;

=== Fionnadh ===
[[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]]
Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] flannbhuí air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99–102.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Miquelle, D. &quot;Tiger&quot; in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; 

Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú flannbhuí leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Éagsúlacht datha ====
[[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]]
Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[ísliú ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dáileadh agus gnáthóg ==
[[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]]
Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (116,027 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (75,606 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. &amp; Wood, K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&amp;#x20;108–112&lt;/ref&gt; I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.&lt;ref&gt;Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. &amp; Schleyer, B. (1999). &quot;Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey&quot; in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99&lt;/ref&gt; Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarban|Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.&lt;ref&gt;Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. &amp; Bolze, D. (1999). &quot;Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild&quot; in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).&lt;ref&gt;Jigme, K. &amp; Tharchen, L. (2012). &quot;Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan&quot;. ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. &amp; Gopi, G. V.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. &amp; Jiang, X. L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. &amp; Kumar, N. S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. &amp; Herwansyah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dlús pobail ===

Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús pobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 n-indibhid in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) laistigh de limistéar 521 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (201 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. &amp; Jhala, Y.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús pobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1,250 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) faoin bhliain 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. &amp; Po, S. H. T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Measadh go bhfuil an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 thíogar in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús pobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) faoin bhliain 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. &amp; Savini, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Measadh an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 thíogar fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. &amp; Linkie, M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iompar agus éiceolaíocht ==
[[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]]
Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. &amp; Liu, J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarban|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarban]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. &amp; Gopal, R.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. &amp; Wegge, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66&lt;/ref&gt; Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Scaradh sóisialta ===
Maireann tíogair fhásta saolta aonaracha laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raonta baile]] nó dá [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúichí]] den chuid is mó, dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse a gcreiche, ar na láithreacha tíreolaíocha agus ar ghnéas na hindibhide féin. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile ar thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad roinnt baineannach mar aon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (4.1 agus 5.4 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarban|Sundarbans]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. &amp; Howlader, A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe in [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] ó 53–67 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (20–26 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (21–23 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (18–36 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (32–57 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (32–38 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (31–46 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:29&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. &amp; Saha, G. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (96–201 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag 14 bhaineannach agus de 847–1,923 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (327–742 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh raonta baile chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. &amp; Hornocker, M. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí d'aois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann chéanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. &amp; Goodrich, J. M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop
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Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a bhaint amach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.&lt;/ref&gt; Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fhireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55.

&lt;/ref&gt; Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. &amp; Weibchen, G.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. &amp; Miquelle, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.&lt;/ref&gt; Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhid eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is minic a ghlactar seilbh ar raonta baile a fhágtar gan úinéir laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí, go háirithe nuair a fhaigheann an t‑úinéir bás.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna níos fulangaí i leith bhaineannaigh eile laistigh dá raonta baile ná mar a bhíonn tíogair fhireann do fhireannaigh eile, ós rud é nach mbíonn fireannaigh caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis trí imeaglú seachas trí throid go hiondúil. Mar sin féin, féadfaidh fireannach glacadh le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn [[Ceannasacht|an lámh in uachtar]] aige, fad nach dtagann an t-íochtaran róghar dó. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fireanna atá in iomaíocht lena chéile nuair atá baineannach in [[éastras]] sa cheantar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn tíogair níos sóisialta timpeall ar chreach nó ag conablach creiche. Roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile uaireanta agus, murab ionann agus leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula gcríochnaíonn sé féin ag ithe. Mar sin féin, bíonn baineannaigh níos teannasaí nuair a bhuaileann siad le baineannaigh eile ag conablach creiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cumarsáid ===
Le linn teagmhálacha cairdiúla agus chun ceangail shóisialta a neartú, [[Bunting (iompar ainmhí)|cuimlíonn tíogair a gcoirp]] in aghaidh a chéile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 262–263.&lt;/ref&gt; Áirítear ar a ngothaí gnúise an &quot;bagairt chosanta&quot;, ina mbíonn an aghaidh rocach, na fiacla nochtaithe, na cluasa tarraingthe siar agus na mic imrisc méadaithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 263.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Taispeánann fireannaigh agus baineannaigh araon [[freagairt flehmen]], gruaim shainiúil ina gcuirtear strainc ar na liopaí, nuair a bholann siad marcálacha fuail. Úsáideann fireannaigh an fhreagairt flehmen chun marcálacha a fhágann tíogair bhaineanna atá in éastras a bhrath.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Bogann tíogair a gcuid cluasa chun na spotaí bána atá ar a gcúl a thaispeáint, go háirithe le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha agus idir máithreacha agus coileáin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)|publisher=University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7.|date=2002|location=Chicago|author=Sunquist, M. E. &amp; Sunquist, F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA320|journal=Wild Cats of the World|pages=343–372}}&lt;/ref&gt; Úsáideann siad a n-eireabaill chomh maith chun a ngiúmar a chur in iúl. Chun croíúlacht a thaispeáint, cuirtear an t‑eireaball ag gobadh aníos agus luascann sé go mall. Nuair a bhíonn tíogar imníoch nó aireach, íslíonn sé a eireaball nó luascann sé ó thaobh go taobh é. Nuair atá sé socair, crochtar an t‑eireaball go híseal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;

De ghnáth bíonn tíogair ciúin, ach tá siad in ann réimse leathan glórtha a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 256.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 99.&lt;/ref&gt; Ligeann siad búir astu chun a láithreacht a chur in iúl do thíogair eile thar achair fhada. Brúitear an fhuaim seo amach trí bhéal oscailte agus é ag dúnadh, agus is féidir í a chloisteáil suas le 3 km (1.9 mi) ar shiúl. Ligeann siad búir astu cúpla uair i ndiaidh a chéile agus freagraíonn tíogair eile ar an bhealach chéanna. Ligeann siad búir astu le linn cúplála fosta agus úsáidfidh máthair búir chun glaoch ar a coileáin. Nuair a bhíonn teannas orthu, ligeann tíogair sian astu, fuaim atá cosúil le búir ach atá níos boige agus a dhéantar nuair atá an béal dúnta go páirteach ar a laghad. Is féidir an sian seo a chloisteáil suas le 400 m (1,300 tr) ar shiúl.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 258–261.&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha, cloistear [[drantán]], [[Drannadh|drannach]] agus siosadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 261.&lt;/ref&gt; Scaoiltear &quot;búir chasachtach&quot; nó &quot;drannadh casachtach&quot; amach trí bhéal oscailte agus fiacla nochtaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; I gcúinsí níos cairdiúla, déanann tíogair ''[[prusten]]'', fuaim shéimh shrannach ísealmhinicíochta atá cosúil le [[crónán]] na gcat beag.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Peters, G. &amp; Tonkin-Leyhausen, B. A.|date=1999|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|pages=129–159|location=|publisher=S2CID 25252052}}&lt;/ref&gt; Déanann máithreacha cumarsáid lena gcoileáin trí ghnúsacht, agus freagraíonn na coileáin le [[meamhlach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 257–258.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a bhaintear geit astu, déanann siad fuaim ghearr cosúil le &quot;bhuf&quot;. Déanann siad fuaim &quot;pok&quot; mar a bheadh fia ann, ar chúiseanna nach bhfuil soiléir; is minice a chloistear í ag conablaigh chreiche, áfach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 256–258.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 62.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;
Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta
Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh
Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Seilg agus aiste bia ===
[[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]]
Is [[feoiliteoir]] agus [[forchreachadóir]] é an tíogar. Glactar leis gurb iad [[Líonmhaireacht (éiceolaíocht)|líonmhaireacht]] agus meáchan coirp na speiceas creiche is príomhchritéir do rogha creiche an tíogair, laistigh agus lasmuigh de thearmainn chosanta mar aon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/104/6/1302/7241439|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2023|issn=0022-2372|pages=1302–1316|volume=104|issue=6|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069|language=en|author=Biswas, S.; Kumar, S.; Bandhopadhyay, M.; Patel, S. K.; Lyngdoh, S.; Pandav, B. &amp; Mondol, S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beathaítear iad ar [[Crúbach|chrúbaigh]] mór- agus meán-mhéideacha cosúil le [[fia sambar]], [[vaipítí Manchúrach]], [[fia eanaigh]], [[gár]] agus [[torc allta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2012|issn=0952-8369|pages=221–231|volume=286|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|language=en|author=Hayward, M. W.; Jędrzejewski, W. &amp; Jędrzejewska, B.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12461|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2021|issn=1749-4877|pages=19–32|volume=16|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N.; Intanajitjuy, P.; Inrueang, P. &amp; Prempree, K.|pmid=32627329}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352249622000507|journal=Food Webs|date=2023|pages=e00268|volume=34|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|language=en|author=Variar, A. S.; Anoop, N. R.; Komire, S.; Vinayan, P. A.; Sujin, N. S.; Raj, A. &amp; Prasadan, P. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is creachadóir faille é i leith speicis níos lú cosúil le [[Moncaí|moncaithe]], [[Péacóg|péacóga]] agus éin thalamh-bhunaithe eile, [[Torcán craobhach|torcáin chraobhaigh]] agus éisc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Tá corrthaifid ar ionsaithe ar [[Eilifint Áiseach|eilifíntí Áiseacha]] agus [[Srónbheannach Indiach|srónbheannaigh Indiacha]] fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 &amp; 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf|author=Karanth, K. U.|date=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Níos minice a chreachann tíogair a n-óga atá níos leochailí, áfach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Nichols, J. D.|date=1998|accessdate=16 Nollaig 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beathaíonn siad ar bheostoc agus ar mhadraí i ngar do lonnaíochta in amanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Caitheann tíogair fásra, torthaí agus mianraí ó am go chéile ar mhaithe le snáithín cothaithe agus forlíonadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|publisher=Cassell. ASIN B0007DU2IU|pages=133–134|date=1965|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Foghlaimíonn tíogair an dóigh le bheith ag creachadh dá máithreacha, ach is féidir gur cumas inbheirthe atá sa chreachadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (Panthera tigris amoyensis) on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320715300987|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=57–64|volume=192|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|language=en|author=Fàbregas, M. C.; Fosgate, G. T. &amp; Koehler, G. M.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maraíonn siad go seachtainiúil go tipiciúil ag brath ar mhéid na gcreach ach caithfidh máithreacha amhail a dhéanamh níos minice.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Seilgeann teaghlaigh le chéile nuair a bhíonn na coileáin sean go leor. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 63.&lt;/ref&gt; Baineann siad úsáid as cumas a radhairc agus n-éisteachta chun creach a chuardach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 284–285.&lt;/ref&gt; Fanfaidh tíogar ag poll uisce go dtí go dtagann creach thart, go háirithe ar laethanta samhraidh teo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 288.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 120.&lt;/ref&gt; Is creachadóir luíocháin é agus cromann sé lena cheann go híseal, á cheilt san fhásra, nuair a théann sé i dtreo creiche. Malartaíonn sé idir bhogadh ar aghaidh agus fhanacht socair. Is féidir le tíogar dul ina chodladh agus fanacht san áit chéanna chomh fada le lá agus é ag feitheamh ar chreach sula ndéanann sé ionsaí nuair atá a chuid chreiche gar dó,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 119–120, 122.&lt;/ref&gt; laistigh de 30 m (98 tr) de ghnáth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Má fheiceann an chreach é roimhe sin, ní théann an cat sa tóir uirthi a thuilleadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt; Is féidir le tíogar imeacht de ráib ar luas de 56 km/h (35 mph);&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 287.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; ní reathaí fadraon é an tíogar agus géillfidh sé má sháraíonn a chreach thar achar áirithe é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;
[[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]]
Ionsaíonn an tíogar ó chúl nó leis na taobhanna agus déanann sé iarracht a íobartach a chur dá chothrom. Faigheann sé greim ar a chreach lena ghéaga tosaigh, ag lúbadh agus ag casadh le linn na streachailte chun é a tharraingt síos chuig an talamh. Beireann an tíogar [[Greim scornaigh|greim ar scornach]] a íobartaigh go dtí go [[Tachtadh|dtachtar]] chun báis é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 121.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 295.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 24.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá fórsa greime meánach ag barr na starrfhiacla de 1234.3 [[niútan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=2007|pages=573–592|volume=91|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|language=en|author=Christiansen, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir leis an tíogair adharca, beanna, starrfhiacla agus crúba a sheachaint le greim scornaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 295–296.&lt;/ref&gt; Is marfóirí solúbtha iad tíogair ar féidir úsáid a bhaint as modhanna maraithe eile amhail scornacha a stróiceadh nó muiníl a bhriseadh. Fágtar creach mhór faoi mhíchumas de bharr greim ar chúl na speire a ghearrann an teannán. Is féidir buille ó na lapa móra [[Buabhall uisce|buabhaill uisce]] a stiúdadh nó fiú a mblaoscanna an a bhriseadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 126.&lt;/ref&gt; Maraíonn siad creach bheag le greim de dhroim an mhuiníl nó an chinn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 289.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Meastar [[ráta ratha]] tíogar i mbun sealgaireachta a bheith chomh híseal le 5% nó chomh hard le 50%. Gortaíonn nó maraíonn creach mhór nó chontúirteach cosúil le gáir, buabhaill agus toirc iad ó am go chéile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Bogann tíogair a gcreach go háit phríobháideach a bhfuil fásra thart uirthi nach bhfuil níos faide ná 183 m (600 tr) uathu go tipiciúil ach tá taifid de thíogair a bhog a gcreach chomh fada le 549 m (1,801 tr). Tá siad chomh láidir sin gur féidir leo conablach buabhaill uisce a tharraingt ar feadh achair fhada. Tógann siad sos ar feadh tamaill sula n-itheann siad agus is féidir leo oiread agus 50 kg (110 lb) feola a ithe in aon sheisiún amháin ach beathaíonn siad ar chonablach amháin ar feadh cúpla lá, gan ach corrphíosa a fhágáil do bhailitheoirí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 297–300.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iomaitheoirí ===
[[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]]
I gcuid mhór dá raon dáilte, roinneann tíogair a ngnáthóg le liopaird agus le [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]]. De ghnáth, bíonn an lámh in uachtar acu ar an dá chreachadóir sin, cé go mbraitheann sé, i gcás an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh, ar mhéid an phaca. Tá taifid ann d'idirghníomhaíochtaí éagsúla idir an trí chreachadóir seo amhail tóraíocht, [[Cleipteasheadánachas|goideadh creiche]] agus marú díreach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|author=Srivathsa, A.; Ramachandran, V.; Saravanan, P.; Sureshbabu, A.; Ganguly, D. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.|date=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir le pacaí móra an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh tíogair a mharú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 136.&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann tíogair liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha taobh le chéile mar seilgeann siad creach atá ar mhéideanna difriúla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger ( Panthera tigris ), leopard ( Panthera pardus ) and dhole ( Cuon alpinus ) in Nagarahole, India|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2000|issn=0952-8369|pages=255–265|volume=250|issue=2|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|language=en|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Sunquist, M. E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fuarthas amach gurbh é 91.5 kg (202 lb) meánmheáchan na gcreach a mharaigh tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole|bPáirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole]], i gcomparáid le 37.6 kg (83 lb) i gcás liopard agus 43.4 kg (96 lb) i gcás madraí fiáine Áiseacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;KaranthSunquist1995&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Sunquist, M. E.|date=1995}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a tháinig laghdú ar líon na gcreach i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri|bPáirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri]], lean tíogair orthu ag marú na gcreach ba mhó leo agus dhírigh liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha a n-ídiú ar chreacha beaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Is féidir le liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha araon a bheith ina gcónaí go rathúil i ngnáthóga tíogair fad a bhíonn a ndóthain bia agus clúdach fásra ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|journal=Ecological Research|date=2010|issn=0912-3814|pages=875–881|volume=25|issue=4|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|language=en|author=Odden, M.; Wegge, P. &amp; Fredriksen, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seachas sin, Is lú a nochtann an dá speiceas sin in áiteanna a mbíonn iliomad tíogar ann. Ba é téarnamh pobail na dtíogar i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Rajaji|bPáirc Náisiúnta Rajaji]] sna 2000idí is cúis le laghdú dlús pobail liopaird.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Responses of leopard Panthera pardus to the recovery of a tiger Panthera tigris population: Response of leopard to recovery of tiger|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2011|pages=806–814|volume=48|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B. &amp; Goyal, S. P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mhacasamhail a chonacthas in dhá áiteanna eile i lár na hIndia, áit a raibh tionachar diúltach ar mhéid phacaí madraí fiáine Áiseacha ag dlús pobail tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of Prey availability and Apex predator|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.7380|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=2045-7758|pmc=8093734|pmid=33976847|pages=4774–4785|volume=11|issue=9|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|language=en|author=Habib, B.; Nigam P.; Ghaskadbi P. &amp; Bhandari A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí baint ag rochtain ar chreacha agus easpa tíogair le dáileadh na liopard agus na madraí fiáine Áiseacha in Kui Buri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320712005149|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2013|pages=68–78|volume=163|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N. &amp; Chutipong, W.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jigme Dorji|bPáirc Náisiúnta Jigme Dorji]], chonacthas gur chuir tíogair fúthu i gcodanna doimhne na bhforaoisí fad a bhí na creachadóirí beaga brúite amach ar a n-imill.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (Panthera tigris) to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314337|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=119–125|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|language=en|author=Thinley, P.; Rajaratnam, R.; Lassoie, J. P.; Morreale, S. J.; Curtis, P. D.; Vernes, K.; Leki Leki; Phuntsho, S.; Dorji, T. &amp; Dorji, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Atáirgeadh agus saolré ===
[[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]
[[Cúpláil|Cúplálann]] an tíogar le linn na bliana ar fad go ginearálta agus idir mhí na Samhna agus mí Aibreáin ach go háirithe. Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna in éastras ar feadh thrí go sé lá san am deighilte de réir eatramh trí go naoi seachtaine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Cúplálann fireannaigh chónaitheacha leis na baineannaigh ar fad laistigh dá raon baile a léiríonn a ngabhálacht dó trí bhúireadh agus trí mharcáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 42&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 145.&lt;/ref&gt; Mealltar fireannaigh neamhchónaitheacha níos óige fosta, rud a chothaíonn troideanna ina díbríonn an fireannach cónaitheach an forghabhálaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger Panthera tigris in Rajasthan|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|date=1967|issn=0074-9664|pages=133–147|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|language=en|author=Sankhala, K. S.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; Bíonn an fireannach cúramach i dtaobh an bhaineannaigh go dtí go gcuireann sí a gabhálacht cúplála dó trí í féin a chur i [[lordóis]] lena heireaball ar leataobh. Maireann an [[Cúpláil|chúpláil]] níos lú ná 20 soicind de ghnáth nuair a bheireann an fireannach greim ar bhaic mhuiníl an bhaineannaigh. Nuair a chríochnaíonn siad, tarraingíonn an fireannach siar go gasta mar is féidir go gcasfadh an baineannach agus buille a thabhairt dó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; Féadfaidh péirí tíogar fanacht le chéile suas go ceithre lá agus cúplálfaidh siad scata uaireanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 148.&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann an [[tréimhse iompair]] thart ar nó thar thrí mhí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Beireann tíogar baineann in áit scoite, pé acu fásra dlúth, in uaibh nó faoi fhothain chloiche atá ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 45.&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn líon an áil chomh hard le seacht gcoileán ach is gnáiche dhá nó trí choileán.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Meánn coileáin nua-bheirthe 785–1,610 g (27.7–56.8 oz) agus tá siad dall agus neamhfhorbartha ([[Seanórthúileacht agus altramacht|altramach]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Líonn agus glanann an mháthair a coileáin, diúlann sí iad agus cosaíonn sí iad go fíochmhar ar aon bhagairtí féideartha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt; Osclaíonn coileáin a súile agus iad trí lá go ceithre lá dhéag d'aois agus éiríonn a radharc soiléir tar éis cúpla seachtain eile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Is féidir leo an láthair phluaise tar éis dhá mhí agus tosaíonn siad ag ithe feola thart ar an am chéanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 50–51.&lt;/ref&gt; Ní fhágann an mháthair ina n-aonar iad ach amháin agus í ag seilg agus fiú leis sin, ní théann sí i bhfad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 50.&lt;/ref&gt; Má cheapann sí nach bhfuil áit sábhailte a thuilleadh, bogann sí a coileáin go ceantar nua, á n-iompar coileán ar choileán le greim ar bhaic a muiníl lena béal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 51.&lt;/ref&gt; D'uasmhéadaigh tíogar baineann amháin i dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin an t-am a chaith sí lena coileán trí laghdú a dhéanamh ar mhéid a raoin bhaile, creach níos mó a mharú agus filleadh níos tapúla ar an phluais ná mar a dhéanfadh sí gan choileáin; nuair a thosaigh na coileáin ag ithe feola, thug sí chun na láithreacha maraithe iad, rud a d'optamaigh a gcosaint agus a rochtain ar bhia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|journal=Mammal Research|date=2020|issn=2199-2401|pages=245–253|volume=65|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|language=en|author=Petrunenko, Y. K.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. S.; Mukhacheva, A. S.; Rybin, N. N. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa tearmann chéanna, fuair coileán amháin de 21 choileán thar 8 mbliana monatóireachta agus níor athraigh an bhásmhaireacht pé acu óga fireanna nó baineanna a bhí ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12147|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2015-07|issn=1749-4877|pages=344–353|volume=10|issue=4|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|language=en|author=Hugh S. Robinson, John M. Goodrich, Dale G. Miquelle, Clayton S. Miller, Ivan V. Seryodkin|pmid=26096683}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh monatóireacht tíogair in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]] ráta marthanais thart ar 85% don 74 choileán fhireanna agus bhaineanna, mhéadaigh an ráta marthanais go 97% d'fhireannaigh agus do bhaineannaigh aon go dhá bhliain d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population in a semi-arid region of western India|url=https://bmczool.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|journal=BMC Zoology|date=2017|issn=2056-3132|volume=2|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|language=en|author=Sadhu, A.; Jayam, P. P. C.; Qureshi, Q.; Shekhawat, R. S.; Sharma, S. &amp; Jhala, Y. V.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cúiseanna básmhaireachta ab ea iad creachadóirí, tuillte, tinte, bás na máthar agus loit bháis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 51.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Temporal Variation in Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) Populations and its Implications for Monitoring|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2009|issn=0022-2372|pages=472–478|volume=90|issue=2|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; McDougal, C.; Smith, J. L. D.; Gurung, B.; Bhatta, S. R.; Kumal, S.; Mahato, B. &amp; Taman, D. B.|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;[[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]]
Tá na coileáin in ann a máthair a leanúint tar éis thart ar dhá mhí. Téann siad i bhfolach san fhásra nuair a sheilgeann sí fós. Cruthaíonn na hóga ceangail le chéile trí shúgradh troda agus cleachtadh stalcaireachta. Forbraíonn ordlathas laistigh den ál agus is é an coileán is mó, fireann de ghnáth, a mbíonn an smacht aige agus a itheann a sháith ag conablach ar dtús.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 61, 66–67.&lt;/ref&gt; Thart ar aois a ndá mhí a scoitheann na coileáin den chíoch agus a bhíonn níos mó saoirse acu a dtimpeallacht a imscrúdú. Idir ocht agus deich mí, tionlacann siad a máthair san fhiach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; Is féidir le coileáin creach a mharú chomh luath le 11 mhí agus a neamhspleáchas a bhaint amach mar óga idir 18 agus 24 mhí d'aois; baineann fireannaigh a neamhspleáchas amach níos luaithe ná baineannaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 270, 276.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt; Thosaigh tíogair a raibh coiléir raidió orthu in Chitwan ag fágáil a n-áiteanna breithe ag 19 mí d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; Baineann baineannaigh óga a [[lánfhástacht ghnéasach]] amach faoi thrí go ceithre bliana d'aois ach na fireannaigh faoi cheithre go cúig bliana d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá [[fad glúine]] an tíogair thart ar 7–10 mbliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Generation length for mammals|url=http://natureconservation.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1343|journal=Nature Conservation|date=2013|issn=1314-3301|pages=89–94|volume=5|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|author=Pacifici, M.; Santini, L.; Di Marco, M.; Baisero, D.; Francucci, L.; Grottolo Marasini, G.; Visconti, P. &amp; Rondinini, C.|bibcode=2013NaCon...5...89P}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann tíogair Bheangál fhiáine idir 12–15 bliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Survival strategy–Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|url=https://jad.lu.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.html|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|date=2023|issn=1026-2288|pages=43–54|volume=5|issue=3|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|language=en|author=Majumdar, A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thug sonraí an [[Leabhar graí|Leabhar Graí]] Tíogar Idirnáisiúnta 1938–2018 le fios gur mhair tíogair ghafa suas le 19 mbliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sex‐specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo‐housed tiger ( Panthera tigris ): The importance of sub‐species for conservation|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21610|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2021-07|issn=0733-3188|pages=320–329|volume=40|issue=4|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|language=en|author=Tidière, M.; Müller, P.; Sliwa, A.; Siberchicot, A. &amp; Douay, G.|pmid=33861886}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Níl ról ag an athair i dtógáil a áil ach buaileann sé leo agus déanann sé caidreamh leo. Tugann an fireannach cónaitheach cuairt ar na teaghlaigh bhaineannach-coileán laistigh dá raon baile. Buaileann siad le chéile agus roinneann siad conablaigh fiú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 59, 89.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 55–56.&lt;/ref&gt; Taifeadadh fireannach amháin a thug aire do choileáin dá bhfuair a máthair bás.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|teideal=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|údar=Pandey, G.|dáta=2011|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|dátarochtana=14 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cosaíonn an fireannach na baineannaigh agus na coileáin ar fhireannaigh eile agus é ag cosaint a raoin bhaile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 59.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a ghlacann fireannach nua seilbh ar raon baile, bíonn coileáin spleácha i mbaol an [[Naímharú|naímharaithe]] agus an fireannach ag iarraidh a óga féin a ghineadh leis na baineannaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 66.&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht staidéar seacht mbliana i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan gur mharaigh fireannaigh nua a chloígh raonta baile 12 de 56 choileán agus óga a raibh taifead orthu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;

=== Sláinte agus galair ===
Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. &amp; McAloose, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 thíogar fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. &amp; Kaufman, G. E.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bagairtí ==
Liostaítear an tíogar mar ainmhí [[Speiceas i mbaol|i mbaol]] ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD]] ón bhliain 1986 agus ceaptar gur laghdaigh pobal domhanda an tíogair go leanúnach ó phobal measta 5,000–8,262 thíogar sna 1990idí déanacha go 3,726–5,578 n-indibhid mheasta sa bhliain 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; I rith na mblianta 2001–2020, ísligh tírdhreacha ar a chónaíonn tíogair ó 1,025,488 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (395,943 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) go 911,901 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (352,087 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot; /&gt; [[Scriosadh gnáthóige]], [[ilroinnt gnáthóige]] agus [[póitseáil]] ar son fhionnaidh agus chodanna coirp is ea iad na bagairtí mhóra a chur le laghdú na bpobal tíogar i ngach tír dá raon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Tá láithreacha cosanta i lár na hIndia scartha go mór ó chéile mar gheall ar infreastruchtúr líneach cosúil le bóithre, iarnróid, [[Líne tharchuir|línte tharchuir]], cainéil [[Uisciú|uiscithe]] agus gníomhaíochtaí [[Mianadóireacht|miandóireachta]] ina ndúiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human‐dominated tiger‐conservation landscape|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.13909|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2022|issn=0888-8892|pmc=9545158|pmid=35288989|volume=36|issue=4|doi=10.1111/cobi.13909|language=en|author=Schoen, J. M.; Neelakantan, A.; Cushman, S. A.; Dutta, T.; Habib, B.; Jhala, Y. V.; Mondal, I.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reddy, P. A.; Saini, S. &amp; Sharma, S.|bibcode=2022ConBi..36E3909S}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Réigiún Tanintharyi]] na Malaeisia Theas, is iad [[dífhoraoisiú]] chomh maith le gníomhaíochtaí mianadóireachta agus brú sealgaireachta ard a bhagraíonn an pobal tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Surveys in southern Myanmar indicate global importance for tigers and biodiversity|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001393/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2017|issn=0030-6053|pages=13–13|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001393|language=en|author=Aung, S. S.; Shwe, N. M.; Frechette, J.; Grindley, M. &amp; Connette, G.|bibcode=2017Oryx...51...13A}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá naoi gcinn den 15 thearmann chosanta a bhfuil tíogair iontu iargúlta agus scartha ó chéile sa Téalainn, fíric a fhágann go bhfuil dóchúlacht scaipthe íseal idir eadarthu; níl tíogair le fáil i gceithre acu seo ó thart ar an bhliain 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Habitat connectivity for endangered Indochinese tigers in Thailand|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989421002687|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2021|pages=e01718|volume=29|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01718|language=en|author=Suttidate, N.; Steinmetz, R.; Lynam, A. J.; Sukmasuang, R.; Ngoprasert, D.; Chutipong, W.; Bateman, B. L.; Jenks, K. E.; Baker-Whatton, M.; Kitamura, S. &amp; Ziółkowska, E.|bibcode=2021GEcoC..2901718S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Glanadh 8,315.7 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (3,210.7 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) de ghnáthóg thíogair idir 1988–2012, an chuid is mó de ar mhaithe le plandálacha tionsclaíocha, sa Mhalaeisia leithinse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Expansion of Industrial Plantations Continues to Threaten Malayan Tiger Habitat|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/7/747|journal=Remote Sensing|date=2017|issn=2072-4292|pages=747|volume=9|issue=7|doi=10.3390/rs9070747|language=en|author=Shevade, V. S.; Potapov, P. V.; Harris, N. L. &amp; Loboda, T. V.|bibcode=2017RemS....9..747S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir faighte seilbhe talún ar an mhórchóir de thart ar 23,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (8,900 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ar mhaithe le [[talmhaíocht]] thráchtála agus baint adhmad sa Chambóid go mór le hilroinnt gnáthóige féidearthaí tíogair sna hOirmhachairí ach go háirithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Future governance options for large-scale land acquisition in Cambodia: Impacts on tree cover and tiger landscapes|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1462901118306300|journal=Environmental Science &amp; Policy|date=2019|pages=9–19|volume=94|doi=10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.031|language=en|author=Debonne, N.; van Vliet, J. &amp; Verburg, P.|bibcode=2019ESPol..94....9D}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is bagairt é an [[Ísliú ionphóraithe|t-ísliú ionphóraithe]] mar aon le scriosadh gnáthóige, easpa acmhainní creiche agus póitseáil do phobal tíogair beag iargúlta i [[Sléibhte Changbai]] feadh na teorann Síne–Rúise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12712|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2023|issn=1749-4877|pages=994–1008|volume=18|issue=6|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12712|language=en|author=Wang, D.; Smith, J. L.; Accatino, F.; Ge, J. &amp; Wang, T.|pmid=36881515}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba sprioc fheachtas 'fhrith-lotnaide' ar an mhórchóir iad tíogair sa tSín sna 1950idí luatha, áit a raibh gnáthóga cuí scartha ó chéile tar éis dífhoraoisithe agus athlonnaithe daoine a sheilg tíogair agus speicis chreiche mar aon go ceantair faoin tuath. Cé gur cuireadh cosc ar sheilg tíogair sa bhliain 1977, níor stop laghdú an phobail agus glactar leis gur díothaithe sa [[An tSín-Theas|tSín-Theas]] atá an tíogar ón bhliain 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis : field survey of priority tiger reserves|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605304000079/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2004|issn=0030-6053|pages=40–47|volume=38|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605304000079|language=en|author=Tilson, R.; Defu, H.; Muntifering, J. &amp; Nyhus, P. J.|bibcode=2004Oryx...38...40T}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris ssp. amoyensis|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15965/5334628|date=2008|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t15965a5334628.en|language=en|author=Nyhus, P.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|volume=2008|issue=e.T15965A5334628}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_jager_poseert_bij_de_huid_van_een_geschoten_tijger_bij_Kalitapakdoewoer_TMnr_10024166.jpg|alt=Tiger rug displayed on wall behind a man with a gun|mion|Seithe [[Tíogar Iávach|thíogair Iávaigh]], 1915]]
Is iad pobail thíogair na hIndia sprioc na bpóitseálaithe ó na 2990idí agus scriosadh na pobail in dhá thearmann tíogair sna blianta 2005 agus 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recovery of tigers in India: Critical introspection and potential lessons|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pan3.10177|journal=People and Nature|date=2021|issn=2575-8314|pages=281–293|volume=3|issue=2|doi=10.1002/pan3.10177|language=en|author=Jhala, Y.; Gopal, R.; Mathur, V.; Ghosh, P.; Negi, H. S.; Narain, S.; Yadav, S. P.; Malik, A.; Garawad, R. &amp; Qureshi, Q.|bibcode=2021PeoNa...3..281J}}&lt;/ref&gt; Braitheadh 630 gníomhaíochtaí sealgairí a d'úsáid súile ribe, sruthlíonta, ardáin sheilge agus madraí seilge i dtearmann foraoise 1000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (390 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) i ndeisceart na Malaeisia idir mhí an Mhárta 2017 agus mí Eanáir 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic pressure on large carnivores and their prey in the highly threatened forests of Tanintharyi, southern Myanmar|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605321001654/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=262–271|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0030605321001654|language=en|author=Shwe, N. M.; Grainger, M.; Ngoprasert, D.; Aung, S. S.; Grindley, M. &amp; Savini, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceapadh gurbh í [[Páirc Náisiúnta Nam Et-Phou Louey]] an áit thábhachtach dheireanach don tíogar i Laos ach níl taifead de ann ón bhliain 2013 ar a laghad; is cosúil gur íobartach na súile ribe neamhshrianta é an pobal seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam Et - Phou Louey|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419302392|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2019|pages=e00766|volume=20|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766|language=en|author=Rasphone, A.; Kéry, M.; Kamler, J. F. &amp; Macdonald, D. W.|bibcode=2019GEcoC..2000766R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain [[Aonad frithphóitseála|aonaid fhrithphóitseála]] i dtírdhreach [[Páirc Náisiúnta Kerinci Seblat|Kerinci Seblat]] Shumatra 362 shúil ribe tíogair agus ghabh siad 91 sheithe tíogair le linn 2005–2016; mhéadaigh rátaí bliantúla póitseála de réir mar a d'ardaigh praghas na seithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Asia's economic growth and its impact on Indonesia's tigers|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314581|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=105–109|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.011|language=en|author=Linkie, M.; Martyr, D.; Harihar, A.; Mardiah, S.; Hodgetts, T.; Risdianto, D.; Subchaan, M. &amp; Macdonald, D.|bibcode=2018BCons.219..105L}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is í an phóitseáil an bhagairt is mó atá roimh an phobal tíogair sa Rúis chianoirthearach, áit a n-éascaíonn bóithre lománaíochta rochtain do phóitseálaithe agus daoine atá ag baint táirgí atá tábhachtach chun go mbeidh speicis chreiche in ann maireachtáil tríd an gheimhreadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of a Vulnerable coniferous forest specialist: habitat selection by the Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001617/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2019|issn=0030-6053|pages=174–180|volume=53|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001617|language=en|author=Slaght, J. C.; Milakovsky, B.; Maksimova, D. A.; Zaitsev, V. A.; Seryodkin, I.; Panichev, A. &amp; Miquelle, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Braitheadh codanna coirp 207 dtíogar le linn 21 shuirbhé le linn 1991–2014 in dhá mhargaí fiadhúlra i Maenmar a fhreastalaíonn ar chustaiméirí sa Téalainn agus sa tSín.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trade in tigers and other wild cats in Mong La and Tachilek, Myanmar – A tale of two border towns|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714004121|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=1–7|volume=182|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.031|language=en|author=Nijman, V. &amp; Shepherd, C. R.|bibcode=2015BCons.182....1N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idir 2000–2022, [[Coigistíocht|coigistíodh]] ar a laghad 3,377 dtíogar in 2,205 ghabháil in 28 dtír; 665 thíogar bheo agus 654 indibhid mharbha, 1,313 sheithe iomlána, 16,214 chuid coirp cosúil le cnámha, fiacla, lapaí, crúba, guairí agus 1.1 t (1.1 tonnaí fada; 1.2 tonnaí gearra) feoil a bhí sna gabhálacha; chuimsigh 759 ngabháil san India codanna coirp 893 thíogar; agus bhain 403 ghabháil sa Téalainn le tíogair a phóraíodh i ngéibheann go príomha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|title=Skin and Bones: Tiger Trafficking Analysis from January 2000 – June 2022|author=Wong, R. &amp; Krishnasamy, K.|date=2022|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office|access-date=1 Márta 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117215040/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|archive-date=17 Eanáir 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuimsigh gabhálacha le linn Eanáir 2020 agus Meitheamh 2025 573 thíogar i measc 765 eachtra gabhála, ina measc sin 313 thíogar san India agus 127 dtíogar san Indinéis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|title=Beyond Skin and Bones: A 25-Year Analysis of Tiger Seizures from 2000 to June 2025. (Tuairisc)|author=Wong, R. &amp; Krishnasamy, K.|date=2025|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC|access-date=11 Feabhra 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260317011016/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|archive-date=17 Márta 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair gabhálacha sa Neipeal idir Eanáir 2011 agus Nollaig 2015 585 chuid coirp tíogair agus dhá chonablach iomlána in 19 gceantar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trends, patterns, and networks of illicit wildlife trade in Nepal: A national synthesis|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.247|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2020|issn=2578-4854|volume=2|issue=9|doi=10.1111/csp2.247|language=en|author=Paudel, P. K.; Acharya, K. P.; Baral, H. S.; Heinen, J. T. &amp; Jnawali, S. R.|bibcode=2020ConSP...2E.247P}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léiríonn sonraí gabhála ón India gurb iad seithí na dtíogar ar an chuid coirp is mó trádála, á leanúint ag crúba, cnámha agus fiacla le linn 2001–2021; chuaigh na bealaí gáinneála trí na stáit Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu agus Assam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The tide of tiger poaching in India is rising! An investigation of the intertwined facts with a focus on conservation|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|journal=GeoJournal|date=2022|issn=1572-9893|pmc=9005341|pmid=35431409|pages=753–766|volume=88|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|language=en|author=Nittu, G.; Shameer, T. T.; Nishanthini, N. K. &amp; Sanil, R.|bibcode=2023GeoJo..88..753N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Coigistíodh 292 chuid tíogair mhídhleathacha ag poirt iontrála SAM ó bhagáiste pearsanta, aerlasta agus phost idir 2003 agus 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Patterns of illegal and legal tiger parts entering the United States over a decade (2003–2012)|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.622|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2022|issn=2578-4854|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.1111/csp2.622|language=en|author=Khanwilkar, S.; Sosnowski, M. &amp; Guynup, S.|bibcode=2022ConSP...4E.622K}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá tóir mhór ar chodanna tíogair le haghaidh an [[Leigheas traidisiúnta Síneach|leighis thraidisiúnta Shínigh]] ar bhagairt ollmhór do phobail na dtíogar atá ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Van Uhm, D. P.|date=2016|title=The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)|pages=lgh. 224–226|publisher=Springer|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht agallaimh le muintir na háite i Sundarbans na Bainglaidéise go maraíonn siad tíogair le haghaidh ithe áitiúil agus trádáil na seithí, cnáimhe agus feola mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus ar mhaithe le fuadair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Who is killing the tiger Panthera tigris and why?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316000491/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=46–54|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316000491|language=en|author=Saif, S.; Rahman, H. T. &amp; MacMillan, D. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Itheann Banglaidéisigh shaibhre codanna coirp tíogair cosúil le seithí, cnámha, fiacla agus fionnadh go háitiúil agus gáinneáiltear go mídhleathach ón Bhainglaidéis go 15 thír ar nós na hIndia, na Síne, na Malaeisia, na Cóiré, Vítneam, na Cambóide, na Seapáine agus na Ríochta Aontaithe trí theorainneacha talún, aerfoirt agus calafoirt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers at a crossroads: Shedding light on the role of Bangladesh in the illegal trade of this iconic big cat|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.12952|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2023|issn=2578-4854|volume=5|issue=7|doi=10.1111/csp2.12952|language=en|author=Uddin, N.; Enoch, S.; Harihar, A.; Pickles, R. S. &amp; Hughes, A. C.|bibcode=2023ConSP...5E2952U}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gliú cnáimhe tíogair is ea an táirge tíogair is mó ceannaithe le haghaidh feidhmeanna leighis i [[Hanáí]] agus i [[Cathair Ho Chi Minh|gCathair Ho Chi Minh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An updated analysis of the consumption of tiger products in urban Vietnam|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419307449|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2020|pages=e00960|volume=22|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00960|language=en|author=Davis, E. O.; Willemsen, M.; Dang, V.; O'Connor, D. &amp; Glikman, J. A.|bibcode=2020GEcoC..2200960D}}&lt;/ref&gt; Póraíonn áiseanna &quot;feirm thíogair&quot; sa tSín agus in iardheisceart na hÁise tíogair le haghaidh a gcodanna coirp ach is cosúil gur measa an bhagairt do phobail fhiáine sa mhéid is go méadaíonn sé an t-éileamh atá ar tháirgí tíogair.&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/news/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesnt-explain-about-captive-tigers/|teideal=Captive Tigers Aren’t Conservation|údar=Henry, L.|dáta=2020|language=en-us|work=World Wildlife Fund|dátarochtana=19 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220001943/https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesn-t-explain-about-captive-tigers|archivedate=20 Feabhra 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bagairt eile in roinnt tíortha laistigh de raon an tíogair ná go maraíonn daoine áitiúla tíogair mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus beathú ar bheostoc, mar sin cuireann an toradh seo den [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra]] le hísliú an phobail fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Characterizing human–tiger conflict in and around Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2015|issn=1612-4642|pages=255–261|volume=61|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|language=en|author=Singh, R.; Nigam, P.; Qureshi, Q.; Sankar, K.; Krausman, P. R.; Goyal, S. P. &amp; Nicholoson, K. L.|bibcode=2015EJWR...61..255S}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ecopsychosocial Aspects of Human–Tiger Conflict: An Ethnographic Study of Tiger Widows of Sundarban Delta, India|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.4137/EHI.S24899|journal=Environmental Health Insights|date=2016|issn=1178-6302|pmc=4712980|pmid=26792997|pages=EHI.S24899|volume=10|doi=10.4137/EHI.S24899|language=en|author=Chowdhurym, A. N.; Mondal, R.; Brahma, A. &amp; Biswas, M. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Living with tigers Panthera tigris : patterns, correlates, and contexts of human–tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001587/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=55–65|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001587|language=en|author=Dhungana, R.; Savini, T.; Karki, J. B.; Dhakal, M.; Lamichhane, B. R. &amp; Bumrungsri, S.|bibcode=2018Oryx...52...55D}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Unraveling the complexity of human–tiger conflicts in the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acv.12591|journal=Animal Conservation|date=2020|issn=1367-9430|pages=741–749|volume=23|issue=6|doi=10.1111/acv.12591|language=en|author=Lubis, M. I.; Pusparini, W.; Prabowo, S. A.; Marthy, W.; Tarmizi; Andayani, N. &amp; Linkie, M.|bibcode=2020AnCon..23..741L}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Settlements and plantations are sites of human–tiger interactions in Riau, Indonesia|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605322000667/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=476–480|volume=57|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605322000667|language=en|author=Neo, W. H. Y.; Lubis, M. I. &amp; Lee, J. S. H.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caomhnú ==
{{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}}
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Tíogar na 21ú hAoise}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable floatright&quot;
|+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin
!Tír
!Bliain
!Meastachán
|-
| {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |3,167–3,682&lt;ref name=&quot;:28&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. &amp; Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority &amp; Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |573–600&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34) (Tuairisc)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum|údar=Global Tiger Forum and the Global Tiger Initiative Council|dáta=2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408150606/https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Indonesia}}[[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |393&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Nepal}}[[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |316–355&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC &amp; DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Thailand}}[[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |148–189&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Malaysia}}[[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |&lt;150&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Bhutan}}[[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |131&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Bangladesh}}[[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align=&quot;right&quot; |118–122&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|China}}[[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot;|&gt;60&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Myanmar}}[[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |28&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| '''Iomlán'''|| || align=&quot;right&quot; |'''5,638–5,899'''
|}
Cosaítear an tíogar go hidirnáisiúnta faoi [[CITES|Fhoscríbhinn I CITES]] a chuireann cosc ar thrádáil tíogar beo agus ar a gcodanna coirp.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Tá cosc ar sheilg an tíogair ón bhliain 1952 sa [[An Rúis|Rúis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 202.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé á chosaint sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] ón bhliain 1969 agus á chosaint ina iomlán ón bhliain 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;:30&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan (2018-2023): A landscape approach to tiger conservation (Tuairisc)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/doi/10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|date=2018|doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|language=en|author=Tandin, T.; Penjor, U.; Tempa, T.; Dhendup, P.; Dorji, S.; Wangdi, S. &amp; Moktan, V.|publisher=Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests.|location=Thimphu, an Bhútáin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tugtar an leibhéal cosanta is airde don tíogar san India faoi réir [[An tAcht um (Chosaint) Fiadhúlra, 1972 (India)|an tAcht um (Chosaint) Fiadhúlra, 1972]], ón bhliain sin ar aghaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Aryal, R. S.|date=2004|title=CITES Implementation in Nepal and India|journal=Law, Policy and Practice|location=Kathmandu|publisher=Bhrikuti Academic Publications. ISBN 99933-673-4-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé cosanta in [[Neipeal]] agus sa Bhainglaidéis ón bhliain 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt; Cosaítear go hiomlán ón bhliain 1976 ar aghaidh sa [[An Mhalaeisia|Mhalaeisia]] faoi réir an Achta um Chosaint Fiadhúlra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|title=The Malayan Tiger Conservation Programme (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers|date=2006|publisher=Kuala Lumpur: Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia|access-date=9 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409203438/https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|archive-date=9 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus d'ardaigh Acht um Chaomhnú Fiadhúlra na tíre sin a cuireadh i bhfeidhm sa bhliain 2010 na pionóis ar mhaithe le coireanna atá bainteach leis an fhiadhúlra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Tá sé cosanta san [[An Indinéis|Indinéis]] ón bhliain 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|title=Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) Indonesia 2007-2017. (PDF)|author=Ministry of Forestry|date=2007|publisher=Jakarta: Government of Indonesia|access-date=12 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923144656/https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|archive-date=23 Meán Fómhair 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireadh cosc ar thrádáil codanna coirp an tíogair i bhfeidhm sa [[An tSín|tSín]] sa bhliain 1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Transnational environmentalism and entanglements of sovereignty: The tiger campaign across the Himalayas|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629812000741|journal=Political Geography|date=2012|pages=408–418|volume=31|issue=7|doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.06.003|language=en|author=Yeh, E. T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireadh an tAcht um Chaomhnú agus Chosaint an Fhiadhúlra i bhfeidhm sa [[An Téalainn|Téalainn]] sa bhliain 2019 chun dul i ngleic le póitseáil agus trádáil na gcodanna coirp.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|teideal=The future of Panthera tigris in Thailand and globally|údar=Kampongsun, S.|dáta=2022|language=en|work=IUCN|foilsitheoir=IUCN|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519211154/https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|archivedate=19 Bealtaine 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bunaíodh an [[An tÚdarás Náisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Tíogair (India)|tÚdarás Náisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Tíogair]] agus [[Project Tiger (India)|''Project Tiger'']] san [[An India|India]] sa bhliain 1973 chun tacaíocht an phobail a chothú i leith chaomhnú an tíogair.&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot; /&gt; Ó shin i leith, bunaíodh 53 [[Tearmainn tíogair na hIndia|thearmann tíogair]] a chuimsíonn achar de 75,796 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (29,265 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tír go dtí an bhliain 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:28&quot; /&gt; Chuir na cuir chuige seo go mór le téarnamh na bpobal tíogair san India idir 2006 agus 2018 sa mhéid is go bhfaightear laistigh d'achar 138,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (53,400 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref /&gt;

Cuimsíonn straitéis náisiúnta caomhnaithe tíogair [[Maenmar|Mhaenmar]] a forbraíodh in 2003 tascanna bainistíochta ar nós athchóiriú gnáthóg dhíghrádaithe, méadú fairsingeacht na gceantar cosanta agus na gconairí fiadhúlra, cosaint speiceas creiche tíogair, bacadh maraithe tíogair agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp agus cur chun cinn eolas an phobail dhaonna le cláracha oideachais fiadhúlra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Developing a National Tiger Action Plan for the Union of Myanmar|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|journal=Environmental Management|date=2006|issn=0364-152X|pages=30–39|volume=37|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Khaing, S. T. &amp; Zaw, K. M.|pmid=16362487|bibcode=2006EnMan..37...30L}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain an chéad Phlean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair de chuid na Bútáine a cuireadh i bhfeidhm idir 2006–2015 le caomhnú gnáthóige, bainistíocht coinbhleachta daonna–fiadhúlra, oideachas agus feasacht an phobail; ba í cuspóir an dara Phlean Gníomhaíochta ná pobal tíogair na tíre a ardú 20% faoin bhliain 2023 i gcomparáid le 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;:30&quot; /&gt; Túsaíodh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Banglaidéise sa bhliain 2009 chun pobal tíogair na tíre a chobhsú, gnáthóg agus bunús creiche leordhóthanach a chaomhnú, forfheidhmiú an dlí a fheabhsú agus comhoibriú idir na gníomhaireachtaí rialtais atá freagrach as caomhnú an tíogair a chothú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Identifying landscape factors affecting tiger decline in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989418300350|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2018|pages=e00382|volume=13|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00382|language=en|author=Hossain, A. N. M.; Lynam, A. J.; Ngoprasert, D.; Barlow, A.; Barlow, C. G. &amp; Savini, T.|bibcode=2018GEcoC..1300382H}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shamhlaigh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Téalainne a [[Daingniú (Dlí)|daingníodh]] in 2010 go méadófaí pobail tíogair na tíre 50% in [[Ionad na Foraoise Iartharaí]] agus [[Ionad Foraoise Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai]] agus go n-athbhunófaí pobail i dtrí thírdhreach fhéideartha faoin bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962|title=Thailand Tiger Action Plan 2010–2022|author=Pisdamkham, C.; Prayurasiddhi, T.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Maneesai, R.; Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Simcharoen, A.; Pattanavibool, R.; Maneerat, S.; Prayoon, U.; Cutter, P. G. &amp; Smith, J. L. D.|date=2010|publisher=Bangkok: Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment|access-date=16 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145525/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962_Thailand_Tiger_Action_Plan_2010-2022|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba í cuspóir an Chláir Náisiúnta Athchóirithe Tíogair a daingníodh in 2010 san Indinéis ná pobal an tíogair Shumatraigh a mhéadú faoin bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Chandradewi, D. S.; Semiadi, G.; Pinondang, I.; Kheng, V. &amp; Bahaduri, L. D.|date=2019|title=A decade on: The second collaborative Sumatra-wide Tiger survey|journal=Cat News|volume=69|pages=41-42}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baineann an tríu plean gníomhaíochta agus straitéise um chaomhnú an tíogair Shumatraigh idir na blianta 2020–2030 le neartú bainistíochta na n-aonad pobal tíogair beag a bhfuil níos lú ná 20 indibhidí aibí iontu agus neartú na gceangal idir 13 cheapach foraoise sna cúigí [[Sumatra Thuaidh]] agus [[Sumatra Theas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|title=An Island-wide Status of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Principal Prey in Sumatra, Indonesia|author=Wibisono, H. T.|date=2021|publisher=(Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology). Delaware: University of Delaware|access-date=14 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505064621/https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Wild_Sumatran_tiger.jpg|alt=Night shot of a tiger face close to the camera|mion|Tíogar Sumatrach fiáin feicthe ag gaiste ceamara]]
Bhí baint ag méaduithe na bpatról frith-phóitseála i gceithre cheantar chosanta sa Rúis idir 2011–2014 le laghdú pótseála, cobhsú an phobail tíogair agus cur chun cinn chosaint a gcreach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) reserves|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12168|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2016|issn=1749-4877|pages=2–15|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12168|language=en|author=Hötte, M. H.; Kolodin, I. A.; Bereznuk, S. L.; Slaght, J. C.; Kerley, L. L.; Soutyrina, S. V.; Salkina, G. P.; Zaumyslova, O. Y.; Stokes, E. J. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.|pmid=26458501}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fógraíodh gur coireanna meánacha agus tromchúiseacha iad an phóitseáil agus an gháinneáil faoi seach sa bhliain 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Bunaíodh oibríochtaí frithphóitseála in Neipeal sa bhliain 2010 fosta, rud a chothaigh níos mó comhoibrithe agus roinnte faisnéise idir na gníomhaireachtaí. Bhí go leor bliain “gan phóitseáil ar bith” de bharr na bpolasaithe seo agus dhúbláil pobal tíogair na tíre laistigh de dheich mbliana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Patróil fhrith-phóitseála i gcroícheantar mór 1,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (460 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) [[Taman Negara]] ba chúis le laghdú minicíochta na póitseála ó 34 heachtra braite le linn 2015–2016 go 20 eachtra idir 2018–2019; chothaigh gabhadh seacht bhfoireann póitseála agus baint súile ribe maireachtáil trí thíogar bhaineanna chónaitheacha agus ar a laghad 11 choileán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Using a crime prevention framework to evaluate tiger counter-poaching in a Southeast Asian rainforest|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552|author=Lam, W. Y.; Phung, C. C.; Mat, Z. A.; Jamaluddin, H.; Sivayogam, C. P.; Zainal Abidin, F. A.; Sulaiman, A.; Cheok, M. K. Y.; Osama, N. A. W.; Sabaan, S.; Abu Hashim, A. K.; Booton, M. D.; Harihar, A.; Clements, G. R. &amp; Pickles, R. S. A.|bibcode=2023FrCS....413552L|pages=1213552}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imlonnaítear oifigigh airm agus póilíní le haghaidh patróil i dteannta bhaill foirne na gceantar cosanta sa Mhalaeisia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Is bearta caomhnaithe tábhachtacha iad [[conairí fiadhúlra]] mar éascaíonn siad ceangail na bpobal tíogair idir láithreacha cosanta; baineann tíogair feidhm as ar a laghad 9 gconaire a a bunaíodh I [[dTírdhreach Terai Arc]] agus [[Cnoic Sivalik]] in Neipeal agus san India araon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connecting tiger ( Panthera tigris ) populations in Nepal: Identification of corridors among tiger‐bearing protected areas|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.10140|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2023|issn=2045-7758|volume=13|issue=5|doi=10.1002/ece3.10140|language=en|author=Bhatt, T. R.; Castley, J. G.; Sims-Castley, R.; Bara, H. S. &amp; Chauvenet, A. L. M.|pmid=37261321|bibcode=2023EcoEv..1310140B}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá conairí i gceantair foraoise le cúngach daonna íseal fíorfheiliúnach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demographic and ecological correlates of a recovering tiger (Panthera tigris) population: Lessons learnt from 13-years of monitoring|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000632072030906X|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2020|pages=108848|volume=252|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108848|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B.; Ghosh-Harihar, M. &amp; Goodrich, J.|bibcode=2020BCons.25208848H}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Assessment of Habitat Suitability and Potential Corridors for Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Valmiki Tiger Reserve, India, Using MaxEnt Model and Least-Cost Modeling Approach|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|journal=Environmental Modeling &amp; Assessment|date=2024|issn=1420-2026|pages=405–422|volume=29|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|language=en|author=Rahaman, M. H.; Masroor, M.; Sajjad, H. &amp; Saha, T. K.|bibcode=2024EMdAs..29..405R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aithníodh go raibh tosaíocht ard ag 12 chonaire fiadhúlra in Sumatra Thiar chun an choinbhleacht dhaonna–fiadhúlra a laghdú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Priority Corridor Zone for Human-Tiger Conflict Mitigation: A Landscape Connectivity Approach in West Sumatra Region, Indonesia|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1617138123001723|journal=Journal for Nature Conservation|date=2023|pages=126501|volume=76|doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126501|language=en|author=Rahman, H.; Hidayat, R. H.; Nofrizal, A. Y.; Wilastra, I. &amp; Nasution, A. F. R.|bibcode=2023JNatC..7626501R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shínigh an tSín agus an Rúis [[meabhrán tuisceana]] le haghaidh comhoibrithe trasteorann idir dhá cheantar chosanta, [[Páirc Náisiunta Tíogair agus Liopaird Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Thír an Liopaird]], a chuir cruthú conairí fiadhúlra agus monatóireacht agus patróil déthaobhach thar an teorainn Shín-Rúiseach san áireamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|title=Evaluation of the project on transboundary cooperation on the conservation of Amur tigers, Amur leopards and Snow leopards in North-East Asia (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Paudyal, B. N.|date=2023|publisher=Bangkok, An Téalainn: Coimisiún Eacnamaíoch agus Sóisialta na Náisiún Aontaithe don Áise agus don Aigéin Chiúin|access-date=7 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407175636/https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|archive-date=7 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scaoileadh tíogair faidhbe agus coileáin tíogair dhílleachta saor san fhiántas agus rinneadh monatóireacht orthu san India, i Sumatra agus sa Rúis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:29&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|title=Home range and movements of male translocated problem tigers in Sumatra (PDF)|author=Priatna, D.; Santosa, Y.; Prasetyo, L. B. &amp; Kartono, A. P.|date=2012|pages=1 (1): 20–30|publisher=Asian Journal of Conservation Biology|access-date=21 Mí na Samhna 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115172018/http://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|archive-date=15 Mí na Samhna 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoration of the Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) Population in the Northwest of Its Distribution Area|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1062359021080239|journal=Biology Bulletin|date=2021|issn=1062-3590|pages=1401–1423|volume=48|issue=8|doi=10.1134/S1062359021080239|language=en|author=Rozhnov, V. V.; Naidenko, S. V.; Hernandez–Blanco, J. A.; Chistopolova, M. D.; Sorokin, P. A.; Yachmennikova, A. A.; Blidchenko, E. Yu.; Kalinin, A. Yu. &amp; Kastrikin, V. A.|bibcode=2021BioBu..48.1401R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá [[Athbhunú éiceolaíochta|athbhunú gnáthóige]] agus [[Athbhunú speicis|athbhunú]] speiceas creiche i measc na n-ullmhúchán atá ar siúl i dTearmann Dúlra Ile-Balkash na Casacstáine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoring Asia’s roar: Opportunities for tiger recovery across the historic range|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340|author=Gray, T. N.; Rosenbaum, R.; Jiang, G.; Izquierdo, P.; Yongchao, J .I. N.; Kesaro, L.; Lyet, A.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Patterson, D. J.; Channa, P.; Jinzhe, Q. I.; Ripple, W. J.; Roberts, J. L.; Roy, S.; Shwe, N. M.; Wolf, C. &amp; Chapman, S.|bibcode=2023FrCS....424340G|pages=1124340}}&lt;/ref&gt; Glactar leis go bhfuil athbhunú tíogair indéanta in oirthear na Cambóide fad a gcuirfear feabhas ar bhainistíocht na gceantar cosanta agus a gcobhsófar caillteanas foraoise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A framework for assessing readiness for tiger Panthera tigris reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|date=2017|issn=0960-3115|pages=2383–2399|volume=26|issue=10|doi=10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|language=en|author=Gray, T. N. E.; Crouthers, R.; Ramesh, K.; Vattakaven, J.; Borah, J.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Lim, T.; Phan, C.; Singh, R.; Long, B. &amp; Chapman, S.|bibcode=2017BiCon..26.2383G}}&lt;/ref&gt; Coimeádtar agus póraítear tíogair na Síne Theas i zúanna Síneacha agus pleanáltar go n-athbhunófar a n-óga isteach i gceantair cosanta iargúlta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot; /&gt; Chinntigh [[Clár póraithe|cláir phóraithe]] i measc [[Zú|zúanna]] go bhfuil éagsúlacht ghéiniteach dhóthanach i measc na dtíogar a fheidhmeodh mar “árachas i gcoinne díothú san fhiántas.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caidreamh le daoine ==
[[File:ElephantbackTigerHunt.jpg|thumb|Sealgaireacht tíogair ar muin eilifinte san India, 1808|alt=Dearadh de dhaoine ag fiach tíogar ar muin eilifinte]]
=== Sealgaireacht ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{Main|Sealgaireacht tíogair}}
Bhí sé de nós ag daoine daonna a bheith ag fiach na dtíogar leis na mílte bliain mar a léiríonn múrdhathanna ar [[Fothanacha Cloiche Bhimbetka|Fhothanacha Cloiche Bhimbetka]] san India a dátaíodh go 5,000–6,000 bliain ó shin. Seilgeadh fud fad a raonta san Áise iad, áit a mbíodh daoine sa tóir orthu ar muin capaill, ar muin eilifinte nó fiú le sleamhnán madraí sula marófaí le sleánna agus níos déanaí le hairm thine iad. Ba iad rialtais Áiseacha agus impireachtaí cosúil le [[hImpireacht na Mógal|hImpireacht na Mógal]] chomh maith le coilínigh Eorpacha a rinne na fiacha seo. Ba mhinic a seilgeadh tíogair mar [[sealgaireacht comhraimh|comhraimh]] agus mar gheall ar an chontúirt a shíleadh a bheith leo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 187–200.&lt;/ref&gt; Meastar gur 80,000 tíogar a maraíodh idir 1875 agus 1925.&lt;ref&gt;Kothari, A. S.; Chhapgar, B. S.; Chhapgar, B. F., eds. (2005). &quot;The Manpoora Tiger (about a Tiger Hunt in Rajpootanah)&quot;. The Treasures of Indian Wildlife. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 22–27. ISBN 0-19-567728-5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 193.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ionsaithe ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{main|Ionsaí tíogair}}
[[File:Sundarban Tiger.jpg|thumb|Tíogar Bheangál sna [[Sundarban]]s|alt=Tíogar ina sheasamh ar bhruach corcach mhangróbh]]
Seachnaíonn tíogair daoine de ghnáth i bhformhór na gceantar a fhaightear iad, ach tá baol ionsaithe ann i gcónaí áit ar bith a gcómhaireann daoine leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;Nyhus, P. J. &amp; Tilson, R. (2010). &quot;Panthera tigris vs Homo sapiens: Conflict, coexistence, or extinction?&quot; in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010}}, lgh. 125–142.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Human–tiger conflict: A review and call for comprehensive plans|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2010|issn=1749-4877|pages=300–312|volume=5|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.|pmid=21392348}}&lt;/ref&gt; Casann daoine agus tíogair ar a chéile go contúirteach níos minice i ngnáthóga [[éifeachtaí imill|imill]] idir ceantair fhiáine agus ceantair thalmhaíochta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt; Is cosantach a bhíonn na hionsaithe, cosaint na n-óg san áireamh, ar dhaoine den chuid is mó; feictear daoine mar fhoinse chreiche uaireanta, áfach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt; Bíonn tíogair [[Ainmhí daoiniteach#Tíogair|dhaoiniteacha]] sean agus faoi mhíchumas de ghnáth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Má ruaigtear tíogair dá raonta baile, tá an baol ann go mbeidh orthu daoine a ithe fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 108–110.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí an [[Tíogar Champawat]] freagrach as báis níos mó ná 430 duine sa Neipeal agus san India sular scaoil [[Jim Corbett]] í.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 276.&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhulaing an tíogar baineann seo le fiacla briste agus ní raibh sé ar a cumas a gnáthchreach a mharú. Measann údair nua-aimseartha gur chuir a chothú ar fheoil dhaonna ghann iachall uirthi níos mó agus níos mó daoine a mharú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh.&amp;#x20;73–74.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí líon na n-ionsaithe tíogar i Singeapór sách ard i lár na 19ú hAois nuair a leath plandálacha isteach i ngnáthóg an tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=People in Peril, Environments at Risk: Coolies, Tigers, and Colonial Singapore's Ecology of Poverty|url=http://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|journal=Environment and History|date=2016|issn=0967-3407|pages=455–482|volume=22|issue=3|doi=10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|language=en|author=Powell, M. A.|bibcode=2016EnHis..22..455P|jstor=24810674}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn na 1840idí, bhí líon na mbás sa cheantar idir 200 go 300 go bliantúil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 274.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ionsaithe tíogar sna Sundarbans]] ba chúis le bás 1,396 duine sa tréimhse idir 1935–2006 dar le taifid oifigiúla [[Roinn Foraoise (An Bhanglaidéis)|Roinn Foraoise na Banglaidéise]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Profiling tigers (Panthera tigris) to formulate management responses to human-killing in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=http://www.socpvs.org/journals/index.php/wbp/article/view/10.2461-wbp.2013.9.6|journal=Wildlife Biology in Practice|date=2013-09-30|issn=1646-2742|volume=9|issue=2|doi=10.2461/wbp.2013.9.6|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C.; Ahmad, I. &amp; Smith, J. L.|pages=30-39}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba mhuintir na sráidbhailte áitiúla iad na híobartaigh seo a chuaigh isteach i ndúiche an tíogair chun acmhainní ar nós meala nó adhmad a bhailiú. Gnáthíobartach ab ea an t-iascaire. Bhí go leor bealaí ag daoine chun dul i ngleic le hionsaithe na dtíogar i gcaitheamh na mblianta, ina measc siúd mascanna aghaidh a caitheadh droim ar ais, éadaigh chosanta, bataí agus dumaí leictreacha a lonnaíodh go cúramach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 111–113.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Géibheann ===
{{Il-íomhánna
|align= right 
|direction=vertical
|image1=Clean Toes are a Tiger's Friend (15588882074).jpg 
|caption1=Tíogar ag [[Big Cat Rescue]] in 2014
|image2=Ringling Bros and Barnum &amp; Bailey Circus Gunther Gebel-Williams 1969.jpg 
|caption2=Grianghraf poiblíochta den traenálaí ainmhí [[Gunther Gebel-Williams]] le roinnt dá thíogar traenáilte, {{circa}} 1969.
|alt=Tíogar taobh thiar d'fhál (ar barr) agus grianghraf dubh-agus-bán d'fhear ar a ghlúine os comhair sé thíogar atá ina luí le lucht féachana sorcais sa chúlra}}


Coimeádadh tíogair i ngéibheann ó bhí an chianaois ann. Cuireadh tíogair ar taispeáint in [[Amfaitéatar|amfaitéatair]]; maraíodh le linn [[Venatio|sealgaireachta]] agus baineadh úsáid astu chun [[Damnatio ad bestias|príosúnaigh a mharú]].&lt;ref&gt;Manfredi, P. &quot;The Tiger in the Ancient World&quot; in {{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 173&lt;/ref&gt; Tuairiscítear gur choimeád an rialtóir Mongólach [[Kublai Khan]] tíogair sa 13ú hAois. Coimeádadh tíogair i [[Cuibhreann ainmhithe fiáine|gcuibhrinn ainmhithe fiáine]] Eorpacha ag tosú sa [[An Mheánaois|Mheánaois]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 179-180.&lt;/ref&gt; Baineadh feidhm as tíogair agus ainmhithe coimhthíocha eile chun aíocht a chur ar fáil don scothaicme go príomha agus ansin ón 19ú hAois ar aghaidh, is mó a cuireadh ar taispeáint don phobal iad. Tá tíogair an-tarraingteach mar thaispeántais agus chuaigh a bpobail i ngéibhinn in airde go mór.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 126–130.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí níos mó ná 8,000 tíogar ghafa san Áise, thart ar 5,000 sna SAM agus ar a laghad 850 san Eoraip sa bhliain 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|teideal=EU’s ‘unlikely’ role in global tiger trade revealed in new WWF, TRAFFIC report|údar=Ciste Domhanda an Fhiadhúlra (WWF)|dáta=2020|language=en|work=tigers.panda.org|dátarochtana=6 Meitheamh 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119155811/https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|archivedate=19 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá níos mó tíogar i ngéibheann ná mar atá san fhiántas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir go dtaispeánfaidh tíogair i ngéibheann [[Steiréitíopacht (neamhdhaonna)|iompar neamhghnách]] cosúil le siúl síos suas agus neamhghníomhaíocht. Is féidir le zúanna nua-aimseartha na hiompair seo a laghdú le taispeántáin a dearadh le gur féidir leis na hainmhithe bogadh idir imfháluithe atá scartha ach nasctha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Effects of a modern exhibit design on captive tiger welfare|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21746|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2023|issn=0733-3188|pages=371–382|volume=42|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21746|language=en|author=Smith, K. D.; Snider, R. J.; Dembiec, D. P.; Siegford, J. M. &amp; Ali, A. B.|pmid=36478300}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá earraí cothaithe tábhachtach chun leasa na gcat fosta agus chun spreagtha a n-iompar nádúrtha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of intrinsic enrichment on captive felids|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21361|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2017|issn=0733-3188|pages=186–192|volume=36|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21361|language=en|author=Damasceno, J.; Genaro, G.; Quirke, T.; McCarthy, S.; McKeown, S. &amp; O'Riordan, R.|pmid=29165868}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D’imir tíogair ról faoi leith i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus taispeántais bheo eile. Bhí iliomad ceansaitheoir tíogair le feicieáil i dtaispeántais na [[Ringling Bros. and Barnum &amp; Bailey Circus|Ringling Bros]] sa 20ú hAois, ina measc [[Mabel Stark]] a raibh tarraingt mhór agus gairm fhada aici. Bhí clú uirthi as a bheith in ann smacht a chur ar na tíogair cé gur bhean bheag a bhí inti; a bhain úsaid as uirlisí “na bhfear” cosúil le fuipeanna agus gunnaí. Ceansaitheoir eile ab ea [[Clyde Beatty]] a d’úsáid cathaoireacha, fuipeanna agus gunnaí chun tíogair agus ainmhithe eile a spreagadh chun iompair fhiáin a lig dó cuma na crógachta a bheith air. Bheadh sé ar an ardán le suas le 40 tíogar agus leon in aon thaispeántas amháin. Bhainfeadh traenálaithe cosúil le [[Gunther Gebel-Williams]] úsáid as modhanna níos séimhe chun smacht a chur ar na hainmhithe ó na 1960idí ar aghaidh. Baisteadh “Cogarnach na dTíogar” ar [[Sara Houcke]] mar thraenáil sí na cait chun éisteachta léi agus í ag cogarnaíl dóibh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 202–204.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain [[Siegfried &amp; Roy]] clú amach in [[Las Vegas]] as taispeántais a chur ar siúl le tíogair bhána. Tháinig deireadh lena dtaispeántais in 2003 nuair a d’ionsaigh tíogar Roy le linn léirithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 140–141.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba iad tíogair an t-ainmhí is mó trádála i measc na n-ainmhithe sorcais.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Are wild animals suited to a travelling circus life?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728600000270/type/journal_article|journal=Animal Welfare|date=2009|issn=0962-7286|pages=129–140|volume=18|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0962728600000270|language=en|author=Iossa, G.; Soulsbury, C. D. &amp; Harris, S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuaigh úsáid na dtíogar agus ainmhithe eile in éag in go leor tíortha mar gheall ar bhrú ó ghrúpaí [[cearta ainmhithe]] agus toil an phobail iad a fheiceáil laistigh de shuíomhanna níos nádúrtha. Chuir roinnt tíortha [[Cosc ar ainmhithe sorcais|cosc nó srian]] ar thaispeántais den chineál seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 204–205.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá an-tóir ar thíogair i ngnó na [[Peata coimhthíoch|bpeataí coimhthíocha]] go háirithe sna Stáit Aontaithe,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 214.&lt;/ref&gt; áit nach bhfuil ach 6% de phobal na dtíogar i ngéibheann i zúanna agus in ionaid fhaofa eile an [[An Cumann um Zúanna agus Uisceadáin|Chumainn um Zúanna agus Uisceadáin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt; Glactar leis go bhfuil bailitheoirí príobháideacha droch-fheistithe chun an aire cheart a thabhairt do thíogair, rud a chuireann as dá leas. Is féidir leo sábháilteacht an phobail a chur i mbaol fosta má ligeann siad do dhaoine caidreamh a dhéanamh leo..&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt; Cuireadh cosc air tíogair agus cait mhóra eile a bheith ag daoine príobháideacha sna SAM sa bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|title=June 18 Deadline for Compliance With Big Cat Public Safety Act|author=U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service|date=2023|publisher=U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service|access-date=20 Feabhra 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220231426/https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|archive-date=20 Feabhra 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir formhór thíortha an Aontais Eorpaigh cosc ar phórú tíogair agus ar thíogair a bheith ag daoine lasmuigh de zúanna agus ionaid tharrthála ceadúnaithe ach ceadaíonn roinnt acu bailiúcháin phríobháideacha fós.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|title=Guidance Document on the export, re-export and intra-EU trade of captive-born and bred live tigers and their parts and derivatives (Tuairisc)|author=European Commission|date=2023|access-date=6 Meitheamh 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217230241/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|archive-date=17 Nollaig 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tábhacht chultúrtha ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{main|Íomhánna cultúrtha tíogar}}
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Adhradh tíogair}}
[[File:Bronze Tiger Tally &quot;Jie&quot; with Gold Inlay from Tomb of Zhao Mo.jpg|thumb|right|''Jie'' (suaitheantas an údaráis) de chruth an tíogair le hór iontlaise, ó thuama [[Zhao Mo]]|alt=Suaitheantas de thíogar dubh le stríoca órga]]
Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is cáiliúla ar domhan. Thug [[Kailash Sankhala]] “meascán annamh de mhisneach, d’fhíochmhaireacht agus de dhathúlacht iontach” air agus deir Candy d'Sa go bhfuil sé “fíochmhar agus ceannasach ar an taobh amuigh, ach uasal agus géarchúiseach ar an taobh istigh”. Ghlac níos mó ná 50,000 duine as 73 thír páirt i bpobalbhreith ar líne sa bhliain 2004; dúradh gurb é an tíogar an t-ainmhí is fearr leis an domhan le 21% de na vótaí,  cé gur ar éigean ar chuir sé ruaig ar an mhadra. Fuair staidéar in 2018 amach gurb é an t-ainmhí fiáin is mó tóire ar an bhealach chéanna bunaithe ar shuirbhéanna, ar thaispeántais ar shuíomhanna gréasáin mhórzúanna agus ar phóstaeir roinnt scannáin bheochana.

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Lá Idirnáisiúnta an Tíogair]]
* [[Liosta na gCat is mó]]
* [[Tiger Temple]]
* [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Leabharliosta ==
* {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}}
* {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}}
* {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}}
* {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}}
* {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}}
* {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}}

{{síol ainmhí}}
[[Catagóir:Tíogair]]
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[[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]]
Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')&lt;ref name=&quot;Tearma&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot; /&gt; ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]].

Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Bíonn saol aonarach aige go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] aige a chosnaíonn sé ar indibhidí den ghnéas chéanna. Cuimsíonn raon baile an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann baineannaigh idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Fágann na coileáin seo raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin nuair a bhíonn siad neamhspleách.

Ó bhlianta luatha na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon dáilte na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íobartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon dáilte. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. &amp; Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. 

== Sanasaíocht ==
Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. &amp; Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title=&quot;τίγρις&quot;.|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title=&quot;De lingua latina&quot; [On the Latin Language]|journal=&quot;XX. Ferarum vocabula&quot; [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur [[comhainm]] atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tacsanomaíocht ==
Rinne an luibheolaí Sualannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a bhaist sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'' air, mar ba ghnách an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na gcat uilig ag an am. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot;&gt;{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up &quot;Felis tigris&quot;] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Fospeiceas ===
{{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar reatha ([[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Holaicéineach]]) idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin na tíogair [[tíogar Bheangál|Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Mhalaecha]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneacha]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúracha]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Chaispeacha]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávacha]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bhailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Shumatracha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MSW3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 &quot;Species ''Panthera tigris''&quot;] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&amp;pg=PA546}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Wilting2015/&gt; Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis seo sa bhliain 1999 mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin idirdhealú a dhéanamh bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener1999&quot;&gt;Kitchener, A. (1999). &quot;Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues&quot; in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39&lt;/ref&gt;

D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus [[ADN miteacoindreach|ADN miteacoindreacha]] (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilting2015&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. &amp; Kitchener, A. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''[[felid]]'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeiceas 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.&lt;ref name=&quot;catsg&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. &amp; Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 shampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. &amp; Luo, S.-J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2023&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. &amp; Tu, X. L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. &amp; Luo, S.-J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat &quot;Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group.&quot; nó i nGaeilge &quot;Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fhospeiceasach] an speicis seo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005&lt;ref name=MSW3/&gt; agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;{{clear}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot; | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}&lt;ref name=Linn1758/&gt;
! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Bheangál]] 
{{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot; /&gt;
| | Cuireann pobal an tíogair seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jackson1996&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. &amp; Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title=&quot;Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)&quot; (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu ó thuaidh&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title=&quot;Panthera tigris&quot;|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák2010&quot;/&gt;
| |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Illiger&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&amp;cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile air&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan ar chúl a gcinn.&lt;ref name=Kitchener1999/&gt; Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Driscoll2009&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.&lt;ref name=Seidensticker1999/&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Temminck&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt; Athraíonn a chúldath ó [[ócar]]-bhuí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis a fholta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an bhlaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák2010&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}&lt;ref name=Hilzheimer&gt;{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhí na craicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].&lt;ref name=Hilzheimer/&gt; Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a chrosphóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar ní fhacthas é go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.&lt;ref name=Wang2023/&gt;
| |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazak1968&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.&lt;ref name=Mazak1968/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mazak06&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. &amp; Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Luo04&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a [[Seicheamh aigéid núicléasaigh|sheichimh mhionsatailíte]] agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.&lt;ref name=Luo04/&gt; Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisce agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt; Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
| |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot; | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;
! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt;
| |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt; Bhí tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt; Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. &lt;ref name=Seidensticker1999/&gt;
| |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}&lt;ref name=Schwarz&gt;{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.&lt;ref name=Schwarz/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;der-tiger&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gné tipicúil de bhlaoscanna an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. &amp; Van Bree, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Seidensticker1999&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. &amp; Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}&lt;ref name=Pocock1929&gt;{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.&lt;ref name=Pocock1929/&gt; Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]]
|}

=== Éabhlóid ===
{{Cladogram|{{clade
|label1=''[[Panthera]]''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]]
|2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]]
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]]
|label2=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
                |2={{clade
                    |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]]
                    |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]]
                    }}
}}
}}
}}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016&lt;ref name=Li_al2016&gt;{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. &amp; Murphy, W. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. &amp; Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. &amp; Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tseng&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. &amp; Xie, G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.&lt;ref name=Mazák/&gt; Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=The identity of the &quot;lion&quot;, ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans &quot;leopard&quot; (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. &amp; Liu, J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh i [[Contae Lantian|gContae Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.&lt;ref name=Mazák/&gt;

Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener2009&quot;&gt;Kitchener, A. &amp; Yamaguchi, N. (2009). &quot;What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy&quot; in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84&lt;/ref&gt; Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luo04&quot; /&gt; Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Hibridí ===
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Hibridí Feilideacha|Hibrid Panthera}}

Is féidir le tíogair [[crosphórú]] le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabryś&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. &amp; Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéid is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomhmhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.&lt;ref name=&quot;imprinting&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}&lt;/ref&gt; Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabryś&quot; /&gt;


== Cur síos ==
[[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]]
Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}}  

Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&amp;pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. &amp; Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener1999&quot; /&gt; Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Sunquist, M. (2010). &quot;What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour&quot; in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34&lt;/ref&gt; Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener2009&quot; /&gt;

=== Fionnadh ===
[[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]]
Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] flannbhuí air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99–102.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Miquelle, D. &quot;Tiger&quot; in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; 

Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú flannbhuí leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Éagsúlacht datha ====
[[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]]
Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[ísliú ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dáileadh agus gnáthóg ==
[[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]]
Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (116,027 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (75,606 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. &amp; Wood, K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&amp;#x20;108–112&lt;/ref&gt; I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.&lt;ref&gt;Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. &amp; Schleyer, B. (1999). &quot;Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey&quot; in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99&lt;/ref&gt; Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarban|Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.&lt;ref&gt;Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. &amp; Bolze, D. (1999). &quot;Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild&quot; in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).&lt;ref&gt;Jigme, K. &amp; Tharchen, L. (2012). &quot;Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan&quot;. ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. &amp; Gopi, G. V.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. &amp; Jiang, X. L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. &amp; Kumar, N. S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. &amp; Herwansyah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dlús pobail ===

Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús pobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 n-indibhid in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) laistigh de limistéar 521 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (201 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. &amp; Jhala, Y.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús pobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1,250 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) faoin bhliain 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. &amp; Po, S. H. T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Measadh go bhfuil an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 thíogar in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús pobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) faoin bhliain 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. &amp; Savini, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Measadh an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 thíogar fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. &amp; Linkie, M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iompar agus éiceolaíocht ==
[[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]]
Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. &amp; Liu, J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarban|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarban]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. &amp; Gopal, R.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. &amp; Wegge, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66&lt;/ref&gt; Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Scaradh sóisialta ===
Maireann tíogair fhásta saolta aonaracha laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raonta baile]] nó dá [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúichí]] den chuid is mó, dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse a gcreiche, ar na láithreacha tíreolaíocha agus ar ghnéas na hindibhide féin. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile ar thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad roinnt baineannach mar aon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (4.1 agus 5.4 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarban|Sundarbans]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. &amp; Howlader, A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe in [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] ó 53–67 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (20–26 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (21–23 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (18–36 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (32–57 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (32–38 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (31–46 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:29&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. &amp; Saha, G. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (96–201 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag 14 bhaineannach agus de 847–1,923 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (327–742 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh raonta baile chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. &amp; Hornocker, M. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí d'aois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann chéanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. &amp; Goodrich, J. M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop
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Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a bhaint amach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.&lt;/ref&gt; Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fhireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55.

&lt;/ref&gt; Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. &amp; Weibchen, G.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. &amp; Miquelle, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.&lt;/ref&gt; Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhid eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is minic a ghlactar seilbh ar raonta baile a fhágtar gan úinéir laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí, go háirithe nuair a fhaigheann an t‑úinéir bás.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna níos fulangaí i leith bhaineannaigh eile laistigh dá raonta baile ná mar a bhíonn tíogair fhireann do fhireannaigh eile, ós rud é nach mbíonn fireannaigh caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis trí imeaglú seachas trí throid go hiondúil. Mar sin féin, féadfaidh fireannach glacadh le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn [[Ceannasacht|an lámh in uachtar]] aige, fad nach dtagann an t-íochtaran róghar dó. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fireanna atá in iomaíocht lena chéile nuair atá baineannach in [[éastras]] sa cheantar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn tíogair níos sóisialta timpeall ar chreach nó ag conablach creiche. Roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile uaireanta agus, murab ionann agus leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula gcríochnaíonn sé féin ag ithe. Mar sin féin, bíonn baineannaigh níos teannasaí nuair a bhuaileann siad le baineannaigh eile ag conablach creiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cumarsáid ===
Le linn teagmhálacha cairdiúla agus chun ceangail shóisialta a neartú, [[Bunting (iompar ainmhí)|cuimlíonn tíogair a gcoirp]] in aghaidh a chéile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 262–263.&lt;/ref&gt; Áirítear ar a ngothaí gnúise an &quot;bagairt chosanta&quot;, ina mbíonn an aghaidh rocach, na fiacla nochtaithe, na cluasa tarraingthe siar agus na mic imrisc méadaithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 263.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Taispeánann fireannaigh agus baineannaigh araon [[freagairt flehmen]], gruaim shainiúil ina gcuirtear strainc ar na liopaí, nuair a bholann siad marcálacha fuail. Úsáideann fireannaigh an fhreagairt flehmen chun marcálacha a fhágann tíogair bhaineanna atá in éastras a bhrath.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Bogann tíogair a gcuid cluasa chun na spotaí bána atá ar a gcúl a thaispeáint, go háirithe le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha agus idir máithreacha agus coileáin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)|publisher=University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7.|date=2002|location=Chicago|author=Sunquist, M. E. &amp; Sunquist, F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA320|journal=Wild Cats of the World|pages=343–372}}&lt;/ref&gt; Úsáideann siad a n-eireabaill chomh maith chun a ngiúmar a chur in iúl. Chun croíúlacht a thaispeáint, cuirtear an t‑eireaball ag gobadh aníos agus luascann sé go mall. Nuair a bhíonn tíogar imníoch nó aireach, íslíonn sé a eireaball nó luascann sé ó thaobh go taobh é. Nuair atá sé socair, crochtar an t‑eireaball go híseal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;

De ghnáth bíonn tíogair ciúin, ach tá siad in ann réimse leathan glórtha a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 256.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 99.&lt;/ref&gt; Ligeann siad búir astu chun a láithreacht a chur in iúl do thíogair eile thar achair fhada. Brúitear an fhuaim seo amach trí bhéal oscailte agus é ag dúnadh, agus is féidir í a chloisteáil suas le 3 km (1.9 mi) ar shiúl. Ligeann siad búir astu cúpla uair i ndiaidh a chéile agus freagraíonn tíogair eile ar an bhealach chéanna. Ligeann siad búir astu le linn cúplála fosta agus úsáidfidh máthair búir chun glaoch ar a coileáin. Nuair a bhíonn teannas orthu, ligeann tíogair sian astu, fuaim atá cosúil le búir ach atá níos boige agus a dhéantar nuair atá an béal dúnta go páirteach ar a laghad. Is féidir an sian seo a chloisteáil suas le 400 m (1,300 tr) ar shiúl.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 258–261.&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha, cloistear [[drantán]], [[Drannadh|drannach]] agus siosadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 261.&lt;/ref&gt; Scaoiltear &quot;búir chasachtach&quot; nó &quot;drannadh casachtach&quot; amach trí bhéal oscailte agus fiacla nochtaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; I gcúinsí níos cairdiúla, déanann tíogair ''[[prusten]]'', fuaim shéimh shrannach ísealmhinicíochta atá cosúil le [[crónán]] na gcat beag.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Peters, G. &amp; Tonkin-Leyhausen, B. A.|date=1999|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|pages=129–159|location=|publisher=S2CID 25252052}}&lt;/ref&gt; Déanann máithreacha cumarsáid lena gcoileáin trí ghnúsacht, agus freagraíonn na coileáin le [[meamhlach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 257–258.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a bhaintear geit astu, déanann siad fuaim ghearr cosúil le &quot;bhuf&quot;. Déanann siad fuaim &quot;pok&quot; mar a bheadh fia ann, ar chúiseanna nach bhfuil soiléir; is minice a chloistear í ag conablaigh chreiche, áfach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 256–258.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 62.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;
Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta
Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh
Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Seilg agus aiste bia ===
[[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]]
Is [[feoiliteoir]] agus [[forchreachadóir]] é an tíogar. Glactar leis gurb iad [[Líonmhaireacht (éiceolaíocht)|líonmhaireacht]] agus meáchan coirp na speiceas creiche is príomhchritéir do rogha creiche an tíogair, laistigh agus lasmuigh de thearmainn chosanta mar aon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/104/6/1302/7241439|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2023|issn=0022-2372|pages=1302–1316|volume=104|issue=6|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069|language=en|author=Biswas, S.; Kumar, S.; Bandhopadhyay, M.; Patel, S. K.; Lyngdoh, S.; Pandav, B. &amp; Mondol, S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beathaítear iad ar [[Crúbach|chrúbaigh]] mór- agus meán-mhéideacha cosúil le [[fia sambar]], [[vaipítí Manchúrach]], [[fia eanaigh]], [[gár]] agus [[torc allta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2012|issn=0952-8369|pages=221–231|volume=286|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|language=en|author=Hayward, M. W.; Jędrzejewski, W. &amp; Jędrzejewska, B.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12461|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2021|issn=1749-4877|pages=19–32|volume=16|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N.; Intanajitjuy, P.; Inrueang, P. &amp; Prempree, K.|pmid=32627329}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352249622000507|journal=Food Webs|date=2023|pages=e00268|volume=34|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|language=en|author=Variar, A. S.; Anoop, N. R.; Komire, S.; Vinayan, P. A.; Sujin, N. S.; Raj, A. &amp; Prasadan, P. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is creachadóir faille é i leith speicis níos lú cosúil le [[Moncaí|moncaithe]], [[Péacóg|péacóga]] agus éin thalamh-bhunaithe eile, [[Torcán craobhach|torcáin chraobhaigh]] agus éisc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Tá corrthaifid ar ionsaithe ar [[Eilifint Áiseach|eilifíntí Áiseacha]] agus [[Srónbheannach Indiach|srónbheannaigh Indiacha]] fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 &amp; 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf|author=Karanth, K. U.|date=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Níos minice a chreachann tíogair a n-óga atá níos leochailí, áfach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Nichols, J. D.|date=1998|accessdate=16 Nollaig 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beathaíonn siad ar bheostoc agus ar mhadraí i ngar do lonnaíochta in amanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Caitheann tíogair fásra, torthaí agus mianraí ó am go chéile ar mhaithe le snáithín cothaithe agus forlíonadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|publisher=Cassell. ASIN B0007DU2IU|pages=133–134|date=1965|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Foghlaimíonn tíogair an dóigh le bheith ag creachadh dá máithreacha, ach is féidir gur cumas inbheirthe atá sa chreachadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (Panthera tigris amoyensis) on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320715300987|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=57–64|volume=192|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|language=en|author=Fàbregas, M. C.; Fosgate, G. T. &amp; Koehler, G. M.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maraíonn siad go seachtainiúil go tipiciúil ag brath ar mhéid na gcreach ach caithfidh máithreacha amhail a dhéanamh níos minice.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Seilgeann teaghlaigh le chéile nuair a bhíonn na coileáin sean go leor. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 63.&lt;/ref&gt; Baineann siad úsáid as cumas a radhairc agus n-éisteachta chun creach a chuardach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 284–285.&lt;/ref&gt; Fanfaidh tíogar ag poll uisce go dtí go dtagann creach thart, go háirithe ar laethanta samhraidh teo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 288.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 120.&lt;/ref&gt; Is creachadóir luíocháin é agus cromann sé lena cheann go híseal, á cheilt san fhásra, nuair a théann sé i dtreo creiche. Malartaíonn sé idir bhogadh ar aghaidh agus fhanacht socair. Is féidir le tíogar dul ina chodladh agus fanacht san áit chéanna chomh fada le lá agus é ag feitheamh ar chreach sula ndéanann sé ionsaí nuair atá a chuid chreiche gar dó,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 119–120, 122.&lt;/ref&gt; laistigh de 30 m (98 tr) de ghnáth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Má fheiceann an chreach é roimhe sin, ní théann an cat sa tóir uirthi a thuilleadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt; Is féidir le tíogar imeacht de ráib ar luas de 56 km/h (35 mph);&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 287.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; ní reathaí fadraon é an tíogar agus géillfidh sé má sháraíonn a chreach thar achar áirithe é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;
[[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]]
Ionsaíonn an tíogar ó chúl nó leis na taobhanna agus déanann sé iarracht a íobartach a chur dá chothrom. Faigheann sé greim ar a chreach lena ghéaga tosaigh, ag lúbadh agus ag casadh le linn na streachailte chun é a tharraingt síos chuig an talamh. Beireann an tíogar [[Greim scornaigh|greim ar scornach]] a íobartaigh go dtí go [[Tachtadh|dtachtar]] chun báis é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 121.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 295.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 24.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá fórsa greime meánach ag barr na starrfhiacla de 1234.3 [[niútan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=2007|pages=573–592|volume=91|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|language=en|author=Christiansen, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir leis an tíogair adharca, beanna, starrfhiacla agus crúba a sheachaint le greim scornaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 295–296.&lt;/ref&gt; Is marfóirí solúbtha iad tíogair ar féidir úsáid a bhaint as modhanna maraithe eile amhail scornacha a stróiceadh nó muiníl a bhriseadh. Fágtar creach mhór faoi mhíchumas de bharr greim ar chúl na speire a ghearrann an teannán. Is féidir buille ó na lapa móra [[Buabhall uisce|buabhaill uisce]] a stiúdadh nó fiú a mblaoscanna an a bhriseadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 126.&lt;/ref&gt; Maraíonn siad creach bheag le greim de dhroim an mhuiníl nó an chinn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 289.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Meastar [[ráta ratha]] tíogar i mbun sealgaireachta a bheith chomh híseal le 5% nó chomh hard le 50%. Gortaíonn nó maraíonn creach mhór nó chontúirteach cosúil le gáir, buabhaill agus toirc iad ó am go chéile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Bogann tíogair a gcreach go háit phríobháideach a bhfuil fásra thart uirthi nach bhfuil níos faide ná 183 m (600 tr) uathu go tipiciúil ach tá taifid de thíogair a bhog a gcreach chomh fada le 549 m (1,801 tr). Tá siad chomh láidir sin gur féidir leo conablach buabhaill uisce a tharraingt ar feadh achair fhada. Tógann siad sos ar feadh tamaill sula n-itheann siad agus is féidir leo oiread agus 50 kg (110 lb) feola a ithe in aon sheisiún amháin ach beathaíonn siad ar chonablach amháin ar feadh cúpla lá, gan ach corrphíosa a fhágáil do bhailitheoirí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 297–300.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iomaitheoirí ===
[[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]]
I gcuid mhór dá raon dáilte, roinneann tíogair a ngnáthóg le liopaird agus le [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]]. De ghnáth, bíonn an lámh in uachtar acu ar an dá chreachadóir sin, cé go mbraitheann sé, i gcás an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh, ar mhéid an phaca. Tá taifid ann d'idirghníomhaíochtaí éagsúla idir an trí chreachadóir seo amhail tóraíocht, [[Cleipteasheadánachas|goideadh creiche]] agus marú díreach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|author=Srivathsa, A.; Ramachandran, V.; Saravanan, P.; Sureshbabu, A.; Ganguly, D. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.|date=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir le pacaí móra an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh tíogair a mharú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 136.&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann tíogair liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha taobh le chéile mar seilgeann siad creach atá ar mhéideanna difriúla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger ( Panthera tigris ), leopard ( Panthera pardus ) and dhole ( Cuon alpinus ) in Nagarahole, India|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2000|issn=0952-8369|pages=255–265|volume=250|issue=2|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|language=en|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Sunquist, M. E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fuarthas amach gurbh é 91.5 kg (202 lb) meánmheáchan na gcreach a mharaigh tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole|bPáirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole]], i gcomparáid le 37.6 kg (83 lb) i gcás liopard agus 43.4 kg (96 lb) i gcás madraí fiáine Áiseacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;KaranthSunquist1995&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Sunquist, M. E.|date=1995}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a tháinig laghdú ar líon na gcreach i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri|bPáirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri]], lean tíogair orthu ag marú na gcreach ba mhó leo agus dhírigh liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha a n-ídiú ar chreacha beaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Is féidir le liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha araon a bheith ina gcónaí go rathúil i ngnáthóga tíogair fad a bhíonn a ndóthain bia agus clúdach fásra ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|journal=Ecological Research|date=2010|issn=0912-3814|pages=875–881|volume=25|issue=4|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|language=en|author=Odden, M.; Wegge, P. &amp; Fredriksen, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seachas sin, Is lú a nochtann an dá speiceas sin in áiteanna a mbíonn iliomad tíogar ann. Ba é téarnamh pobail na dtíogar i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Rajaji|bPáirc Náisiúnta Rajaji]] sna 2000idí is cúis le laghdú dlús pobail liopaird.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Responses of leopard Panthera pardus to the recovery of a tiger Panthera tigris population: Response of leopard to recovery of tiger|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2011|pages=806–814|volume=48|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B. &amp; Goyal, S. P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mhacasamhail a chonacthas in dhá áiteanna eile i lár na hIndia, áit a raibh tionachar diúltach ar mhéid phacaí madraí fiáine Áiseacha ag dlús pobail tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of Prey availability and Apex predator|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.7380|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=2045-7758|pmc=8093734|pmid=33976847|pages=4774–4785|volume=11|issue=9|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|language=en|author=Habib, B.; Nigam P.; Ghaskadbi P. &amp; Bhandari A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí baint ag rochtain ar chreacha agus easpa tíogair le dáileadh na liopard agus na madraí fiáine Áiseacha in Kui Buri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320712005149|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2013|pages=68–78|volume=163|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N. &amp; Chutipong, W.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jigme Dorji|bPáirc Náisiúnta Jigme Dorji]], chonacthas gur chuir tíogair fúthu i gcodanna doimhne na bhforaoisí fad a bhí na creachadóirí beaga brúite amach ar a n-imill.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (Panthera tigris) to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314337|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=119–125|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|language=en|author=Thinley, P.; Rajaratnam, R.; Lassoie, J. P.; Morreale, S. J.; Curtis, P. D.; Vernes, K.; Leki Leki; Phuntsho, S.; Dorji, T. &amp; Dorji, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Atáirgeadh agus saolré ===
[[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]
[[Cúpláil|Cúplálann]] an tíogar le linn na bliana ar fad go ginearálta agus idir mhí na Samhna agus mí Aibreáin ach go háirithe. Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna in éastras ar feadh thrí go sé lá san am deighilte de réir eatramh trí go naoi seachtaine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Cúplálann fireannaigh chónaitheacha leis na baineannaigh ar fad laistigh dá raon baile a léiríonn a ngabhálacht dó trí bhúireadh agus trí mharcáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 42&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 145.&lt;/ref&gt; Mealltar fireannaigh neamhchónaitheacha níos óige fosta, rud a chothaíonn troideanna ina díbríonn an fireannach cónaitheach an forghabhálaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger Panthera tigris in Rajasthan|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|date=1967|issn=0074-9664|pages=133–147|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|language=en|author=Sankhala, K. S.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; Bíonn an fireannach cúramach i dtaobh an bhaineannaigh go dtí go gcuireann sí a gabhálacht cúplála dó trí í féin a chur i [[lordóis]] lena heireaball ar leataobh. Maireann an [[Cúpláil|chúpláil]] níos lú ná 20 soicind de ghnáth nuair a bheireann an fireannach greim ar bhaic mhuiníl an bhaineannaigh. Nuair a chríochnaíonn siad, tarraingíonn an fireannach siar go gasta mar is féidir go gcasfadh an baineannach agus buille a thabhairt dó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; Féadfaidh péirí tíogar fanacht le chéile suas go ceithre lá agus cúplálfaidh siad scata uaireanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 148.&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann an [[tréimhse iompair]] thart ar nó thar thrí mhí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Beireann tíogar baineann in áit scoite, pé acu fásra dlúth, in uaibh nó faoi fhothain chloiche atá ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 45.&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn líon an áil chomh hard le seacht gcoileán ach is gnáiche dhá nó trí choileán.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Meánn coileáin nua-bheirthe 785–1,610 g (27.7–56.8 oz) agus tá siad dall agus neamhfhorbartha ([[Seanórthúileacht agus altramacht|altramach]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Líonn agus glanann an mháthair a coileáin, diúlann sí iad agus cosaíonn sí iad go fíochmhar ar aon bhagairtí féideartha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt; Osclaíonn coileáin a súile agus iad trí lá go ceithre lá dhéag d'aois agus éiríonn a radharc soiléir tar éis cúpla seachtain eile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Is féidir leo an láthair phluaise tar éis dhá mhí agus tosaíonn siad ag ithe feola thart ar an am chéanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 50–51.&lt;/ref&gt; Ní fhágann an mháthair ina n-aonar iad ach amháin agus í ag seilg agus fiú leis sin, ní théann sí i bhfad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 50.&lt;/ref&gt; Má cheapann sí nach bhfuil áit sábhailte a thuilleadh, bogann sí a coileáin go ceantar nua, á n-iompar coileán ar choileán le greim ar bhaic a muiníl lena béal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 51.&lt;/ref&gt; D'uasmhéadaigh tíogar baineann amháin i dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin an t-am a chaith sí lena coileán trí laghdú a dhéanamh ar mhéid a raoin bhaile, creach níos mó a mharú agus filleadh níos tapúla ar an phluais ná mar a dhéanfadh sí gan choileáin; nuair a thosaigh na coileáin ag ithe feola, thug sí chun na láithreacha maraithe iad, rud a d'optamaigh a gcosaint agus a rochtain ar bhia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|journal=Mammal Research|date=2020|issn=2199-2401|pages=245–253|volume=65|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|language=en|author=Petrunenko, Y. K.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. S.; Mukhacheva, A. S.; Rybin, N. N. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa tearmann chéanna, fuair coileán amháin de 21 choileán thar 8 mbliana monatóireachta agus níor athraigh an bhásmhaireacht pé acu óga fireanna nó baineanna a bhí ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12147|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2015-07|issn=1749-4877|pages=344–353|volume=10|issue=4|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|language=en|author=Hugh S. Robinson, John M. Goodrich, Dale G. Miquelle, Clayton S. Miller, Ivan V. Seryodkin|pmid=26096683}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh monatóireacht tíogair in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]] ráta marthanais thart ar 85% don 74 choileán fhireanna agus bhaineanna, mhéadaigh an ráta marthanais go 97% d'fhireannaigh agus do bhaineannaigh aon go dhá bhliain d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population in a semi-arid region of western India|url=https://bmczool.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|journal=BMC Zoology|date=2017|issn=2056-3132|volume=2|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|language=en|author=Sadhu, A.; Jayam, P. P. C.; Qureshi, Q.; Shekhawat, R. S.; Sharma, S. &amp; Jhala, Y. V.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cúiseanna básmhaireachta ab ea iad creachadóirí, tuillte, tinte, bás na máthar agus loit bháis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 51.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Temporal Variation in Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) Populations and its Implications for Monitoring|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2009|issn=0022-2372|pages=472–478|volume=90|issue=2|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; McDougal, C.; Smith, J. L. D.; Gurung, B.; Bhatta, S. R.; Kumal, S.; Mahato, B. &amp; Taman, D. B.|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;[[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]]
Tá na coileáin in ann a máthair a leanúint tar éis thart ar dhá mhí. Téann siad i bhfolach san fhásra nuair a sheilgeann sí fós. Cruthaíonn na hóga ceangail le chéile trí shúgradh troda agus cleachtadh stalcaireachta. Forbraíonn ordlathas laistigh den ál agus is é an coileán is mó, fireann de ghnáth, a mbíonn an smacht aige agus a itheann a sháith ag conablach ar dtús.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 61, 66–67.&lt;/ref&gt; Thart ar aois a ndá mhí a scoitheann na coileáin den chíoch agus a bhíonn níos mó saoirse acu a dtimpeallacht a imscrúdú. Idir ocht agus deich mí, tionlacann siad a máthair san fhiach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; Is féidir le coileáin creach a mharú chomh luath le 11 mhí agus a neamhspleáchas a bhaint amach mar óga idir 18 agus 24 mhí d'aois; baineann fireannaigh a neamhspleáchas amach níos luaithe ná baineannaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 270, 276.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt; Thosaigh tíogair a raibh coiléir raidió orthu in Chitwan ag fágáil a n-áiteanna breithe ag 19 mí d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; Baineann baineannaigh óga a [[lánfhástacht ghnéasach]] amach faoi thrí go ceithre bliana d'aois ach na fireannaigh faoi cheithre go cúig bliana d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá [[fad glúine]] an tíogair thart ar 7–10 mbliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Generation length for mammals|url=http://natureconservation.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1343|journal=Nature Conservation|date=2013|issn=1314-3301|pages=89–94|volume=5|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|author=Pacifici, M.; Santini, L.; Di Marco, M.; Baisero, D.; Francucci, L.; Grottolo Marasini, G.; Visconti, P. &amp; Rondinini, C.|bibcode=2013NaCon...5...89P}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann tíogair Bheangál fhiáine idir 12–15 bliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Survival strategy–Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|url=https://jad.lu.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.html|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|date=2023|issn=1026-2288|pages=43–54|volume=5|issue=3|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|language=en|author=Majumdar, A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thug sonraí an [[Leabhar graí|Leabhar Graí]] Tíogar Idirnáisiúnta 1938–2018 le fios gur mhair tíogair ghafa suas le 19 mbliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sex‐specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo‐housed tiger ( Panthera tigris ): The importance of sub‐species for conservation|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21610|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2021-07|issn=0733-3188|pages=320–329|volume=40|issue=4|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|language=en|author=Tidière, M.; Müller, P.; Sliwa, A.; Siberchicot, A. &amp; Douay, G.|pmid=33861886}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Níl ról ag an athair i dtógáil a áil ach buaileann sé leo agus déanann sé caidreamh leo. Tugann an fireannach cónaitheach cuairt ar na teaghlaigh bhaineannach-coileán laistigh dá raon baile. Buaileann siad le chéile agus roinneann siad conablaigh fiú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 59, 89.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 55–56.&lt;/ref&gt; Taifeadadh fireannach amháin a thug aire do choileáin dá bhfuair a máthair bás.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|teideal=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|údar=Pandey, G.|dáta=2011|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|dátarochtana=14 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cosaíonn an fireannach na baineannaigh agus na coileáin ar fhireannaigh eile agus é ag cosaint a raoin bhaile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 59.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a ghlacann fireannach nua seilbh ar raon baile, bíonn coileáin spleácha i mbaol an [[Naímharú|naímharaithe]] agus an fireannach ag iarraidh a óga féin a ghineadh leis na baineannaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 66.&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht staidéar seacht mbliana i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan gur mharaigh fireannaigh nua a chloígh raonta baile 12 de 56 choileán agus óga a raibh taifead orthu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;

=== Sláinte agus galair ===
Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. &amp; McAloose, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 thíogar fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. &amp; Kaufman, G. E.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bagairtí ==
Liostaítear an tíogar mar ainmhí [[Speiceas i mbaol|i mbaol]] ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD]] ón bhliain 1986 agus ceaptar gur laghdaigh pobal domhanda an tíogair go leanúnach ó phobal measta 5,000–8,262 thíogar sna 1990idí déanacha go 3,726–5,578 n-indibhid mheasta sa bhliain 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; I rith na mblianta 2001–2020, ísligh tírdhreacha ar a chónaíonn tíogair ó 1,025,488 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (395,943 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) go 911,901 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (352,087 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot; /&gt; [[Scriosadh gnáthóige]], [[ilroinnt gnáthóige]] agus [[póitseáil]] ar son fhionnaidh agus chodanna coirp is ea iad na bagairtí mhóra a chur le laghdú na bpobal tíogar i ngach tír dá raon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Tá láithreacha cosanta i lár na hIndia scartha go mór ó chéile mar gheall ar infreastruchtúr líneach cosúil le bóithre, iarnróid, [[Líne tharchuir|línte tharchuir]], cainéil [[Uisciú|uiscithe]] agus gníomhaíochtaí [[Mianadóireacht|miandóireachta]] ina ndúiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human‐dominated tiger‐conservation landscape|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.13909|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2022|issn=0888-8892|pmc=9545158|pmid=35288989|volume=36|issue=4|doi=10.1111/cobi.13909|language=en|author=Schoen, J. M.; Neelakantan, A.; Cushman, S. A.; Dutta, T.; Habib, B.; Jhala, Y. V.; Mondal, I.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reddy, P. A.; Saini, S. &amp; Sharma, S.|bibcode=2022ConBi..36E3909S}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Réigiún Tanintharyi]] na Malaeisia Theas, is iad [[dífhoraoisiú]] chomh maith le gníomhaíochtaí mianadóireachta agus brú sealgaireachta ard a bhagraíonn an pobal tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Surveys in southern Myanmar indicate global importance for tigers and biodiversity|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001393/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2017|issn=0030-6053|pages=13–13|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001393|language=en|author=Aung, S. S.; Shwe, N. M.; Frechette, J.; Grindley, M. &amp; Connette, G.|bibcode=2017Oryx...51...13A}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá naoi gcinn den 15 thearmann chosanta a bhfuil tíogair iontu iargúlta agus scartha ó chéile sa Téalainn, fíric a fhágann go bhfuil dóchúlacht scaipthe íseal idir eadarthu; níl tíogair le fáil i gceithre acu seo ó thart ar an bhliain 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Habitat connectivity for endangered Indochinese tigers in Thailand|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989421002687|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2021|pages=e01718|volume=29|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01718|language=en|author=Suttidate, N.; Steinmetz, R.; Lynam, A. J.; Sukmasuang, R.; Ngoprasert, D.; Chutipong, W.; Bateman, B. L.; Jenks, K. E.; Baker-Whatton, M.; Kitamura, S. &amp; Ziółkowska, E.|bibcode=2021GEcoC..2901718S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Glanadh 8,315.7 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (3,210.7 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) de ghnáthóg thíogair idir 1988–2012, an chuid is mó de ar mhaithe le plandálacha tionsclaíocha, sa Mhalaeisia leithinse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Expansion of Industrial Plantations Continues to Threaten Malayan Tiger Habitat|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/7/747|journal=Remote Sensing|date=2017|issn=2072-4292|pages=747|volume=9|issue=7|doi=10.3390/rs9070747|language=en|author=Shevade, V. S.; Potapov, P. V.; Harris, N. L. &amp; Loboda, T. V.|bibcode=2017RemS....9..747S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir faighte seilbhe talún ar an mhórchóir de thart ar 23,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (8,900 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ar mhaithe le [[talmhaíocht]] thráchtála agus baint adhmad sa Chambóid go mór le hilroinnt gnáthóige féidearthaí tíogair sna hOirmhachairí ach go háirithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Future governance options for large-scale land acquisition in Cambodia: Impacts on tree cover and tiger landscapes|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1462901118306300|journal=Environmental Science &amp; Policy|date=2019|pages=9–19|volume=94|doi=10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.031|language=en|author=Debonne, N.; van Vliet, J. &amp; Verburg, P.|bibcode=2019ESPol..94....9D}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is bagairt é an [[Ísliú ionphóraithe|t-ísliú ionphóraithe]] mar aon le scriosadh gnáthóige, easpa acmhainní creiche agus póitseáil do phobal tíogair beag iargúlta i [[Sléibhte Changbai]] feadh na teorann Síne–Rúise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12712|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2023|issn=1749-4877|pages=994–1008|volume=18|issue=6|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12712|language=en|author=Wang, D.; Smith, J. L.; Accatino, F.; Ge, J. &amp; Wang, T.|pmid=36881515}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba sprioc fheachtas 'fhrith-lotnaide' ar an mhórchóir iad tíogair sa tSín sna 1950idí luatha, áit a raibh gnáthóga cuí scartha ó chéile tar éis dífhoraoisithe agus athlonnaithe daoine a sheilg tíogair agus speicis chreiche mar aon go ceantair faoin tuath. Cé gur cuireadh cosc ar sheilg tíogair sa bhliain 1977, níor stop laghdú an phobail agus glactar leis gur díothaithe sa [[An tSín-Theas|tSín-Theas]] atá an tíogar ón bhliain 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis : field survey of priority tiger reserves|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605304000079/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2004|issn=0030-6053|pages=40–47|volume=38|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605304000079|language=en|author=Tilson, R.; Defu, H.; Muntifering, J. &amp; Nyhus, P. J.|bibcode=2004Oryx...38...40T}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris ssp. amoyensis|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15965/5334628|date=2008|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t15965a5334628.en|language=en|author=Nyhus, P.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|volume=2008|issue=e.T15965A5334628}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_jager_poseert_bij_de_huid_van_een_geschoten_tijger_bij_Kalitapakdoewoer_TMnr_10024166.jpg|alt=Tiger rug displayed on wall behind a man with a gun|mion|Seithe [[Tíogar Iávach|thíogair Iávaigh]], 1915]]
Is iad pobail thíogair na hIndia sprioc na bpóitseálaithe ó na 2990idí agus scriosadh na pobail in dhá thearmann tíogair sna blianta 2005 agus 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recovery of tigers in India: Critical introspection and potential lessons|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pan3.10177|journal=People and Nature|date=2021|issn=2575-8314|pages=281–293|volume=3|issue=2|doi=10.1002/pan3.10177|language=en|author=Jhala, Y.; Gopal, R.; Mathur, V.; Ghosh, P.; Negi, H. S.; Narain, S.; Yadav, S. P.; Malik, A.; Garawad, R. &amp; Qureshi, Q.|bibcode=2021PeoNa...3..281J}}&lt;/ref&gt; Braitheadh 630 gníomhaíochtaí sealgairí a d'úsáid súile ribe, sruthlíonta, ardáin sheilge agus madraí seilge i dtearmann foraoise 1000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (390 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) i ndeisceart na Malaeisia idir mhí an Mhárta 2017 agus mí Eanáir 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic pressure on large carnivores and their prey in the highly threatened forests of Tanintharyi, southern Myanmar|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605321001654/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=262–271|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0030605321001654|language=en|author=Shwe, N. M.; Grainger, M.; Ngoprasert, D.; Aung, S. S.; Grindley, M. &amp; Savini, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceapadh gurbh í [[Páirc Náisiúnta Nam Et-Phou Louey]] an áit thábhachtach dheireanach don tíogar i Laos ach níl taifead de ann ón bhliain 2013 ar a laghad; is cosúil gur íobartach na súile ribe neamhshrianta é an pobal seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam Et - Phou Louey|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419302392|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2019|pages=e00766|volume=20|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766|language=en|author=Rasphone, A.; Kéry, M.; Kamler, J. F. &amp; Macdonald, D. W.|bibcode=2019GEcoC..2000766R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain [[Aonad frithphóitseála|aonaid fhrithphóitseála]] i dtírdhreach [[Páirc Náisiúnta Kerinci Seblat|Kerinci Seblat]] Shumatra 362 shúil ribe tíogair agus ghabh siad 91 sheithe tíogair le linn 2005–2016; mhéadaigh rátaí bliantúla póitseála de réir mar a d'ardaigh praghas na seithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Asia's economic growth and its impact on Indonesia's tigers|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314581|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=105–109|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.011|language=en|author=Linkie, M.; Martyr, D.; Harihar, A.; Mardiah, S.; Hodgetts, T.; Risdianto, D.; Subchaan, M. &amp; Macdonald, D.|bibcode=2018BCons.219..105L}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is í an phóitseáil an bhagairt is mó atá roimh an phobal tíogair sa Rúis chianoirthearach, áit a n-éascaíonn bóithre lománaíochta rochtain do phóitseálaithe agus daoine atá ag baint táirgí atá tábhachtach chun go mbeidh speicis chreiche in ann maireachtáil tríd an gheimhreadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of a Vulnerable coniferous forest specialist: habitat selection by the Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001617/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2019|issn=0030-6053|pages=174–180|volume=53|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001617|language=en|author=Slaght, J. C.; Milakovsky, B.; Maksimova, D. A.; Zaitsev, V. A.; Seryodkin, I.; Panichev, A. &amp; Miquelle, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Braitheadh codanna coirp 207 dtíogar le linn 21 shuirbhé le linn 1991–2014 in dhá mhargaí fiadhúlra i Maenmar a fhreastalaíonn ar chustaiméirí sa Téalainn agus sa tSín.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trade in tigers and other wild cats in Mong La and Tachilek, Myanmar – A tale of two border towns|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714004121|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=1–7|volume=182|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.031|language=en|author=Nijman, V. &amp; Shepherd, C. R.|bibcode=2015BCons.182....1N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idir 2000–2022, [[Coigistíocht|coigistíodh]] ar a laghad 3,377 dtíogar in 2,205 ghabháil in 28 dtír; 665 thíogar bheo agus 654 indibhid mharbha, 1,313 sheithe iomlána, 16,214 chuid coirp cosúil le cnámha, fiacla, lapaí, crúba, guairí agus 1.1 t (1.1 tonnaí fada; 1.2 tonnaí gearra) feoil a bhí sna gabhálacha; chuimsigh 759 ngabháil san India codanna coirp 893 thíogar; agus bhain 403 ghabháil sa Téalainn le tíogair a phóraíodh i ngéibheann go príomha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|title=Skin and Bones: Tiger Trafficking Analysis from January 2000 – June 2022|author=Wong, R. &amp; Krishnasamy, K.|date=2022|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office|access-date=1 Márta 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117215040/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|archive-date=17 Eanáir 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuimsigh gabhálacha le linn Eanáir 2020 agus Meitheamh 2025 573 thíogar i measc 765 eachtra gabhála, ina measc sin 313 thíogar san India agus 127 dtíogar san Indinéis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|title=Beyond Skin and Bones: A 25-Year Analysis of Tiger Seizures from 2000 to June 2025. (Tuairisc)|author=Wong, R. &amp; Krishnasamy, K.|date=2025|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC|access-date=11 Feabhra 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260317011016/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|archive-date=17 Márta 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair gabhálacha sa Neipeal idir Eanáir 2011 agus Nollaig 2015 585 chuid coirp tíogair agus dhá chonablach iomlána in 19 gceantar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trends, patterns, and networks of illicit wildlife trade in Nepal: A national synthesis|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.247|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2020|issn=2578-4854|volume=2|issue=9|doi=10.1111/csp2.247|language=en|author=Paudel, P. K.; Acharya, K. P.; Baral, H. S.; Heinen, J. T. &amp; Jnawali, S. R.|bibcode=2020ConSP...2E.247P}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léiríonn sonraí gabhála ón India gurb iad seithí na dtíogar ar an chuid coirp is mó trádála, á leanúint ag crúba, cnámha agus fiacla le linn 2001–2021; chuaigh na bealaí gáinneála trí na stáit Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu agus Assam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The tide of tiger poaching in India is rising! An investigation of the intertwined facts with a focus on conservation|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|journal=GeoJournal|date=2022|issn=1572-9893|pmc=9005341|pmid=35431409|pages=753–766|volume=88|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|language=en|author=Nittu, G.; Shameer, T. T.; Nishanthini, N. K. &amp; Sanil, R.|bibcode=2023GeoJo..88..753N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Coigistíodh 292 chuid tíogair mhídhleathacha ag poirt iontrála SAM ó bhagáiste pearsanta, aerlasta agus phost idir 2003 agus 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Patterns of illegal and legal tiger parts entering the United States over a decade (2003–2012)|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.622|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2022|issn=2578-4854|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.1111/csp2.622|language=en|author=Khanwilkar, S.; Sosnowski, M. &amp; Guynup, S.|bibcode=2022ConSP...4E.622K}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá tóir mhór ar chodanna tíogair le haghaidh an [[Leigheas traidisiúnta Síneach|leighis thraidisiúnta Shínigh]] ar bhagairt ollmhór do phobail na dtíogar atá ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Van Uhm, D. P.|date=2016|title=The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)|pages=lgh. 224–226|publisher=Springer|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht agallaimh le muintir na háite i Sundarbans na Bainglaidéise go maraíonn siad tíogair le haghaidh ithe áitiúil agus trádáil na seithí, cnáimhe agus feola mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus ar mhaithe le fuadair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Who is killing the tiger Panthera tigris and why?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316000491/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=46–54|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316000491|language=en|author=Saif, S.; Rahman, H. T. &amp; MacMillan, D. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Itheann Banglaidéisigh shaibhre codanna coirp tíogair cosúil le seithí, cnámha, fiacla agus fionnadh go háitiúil agus gáinneáiltear go mídhleathach ón Bhainglaidéis go 15 thír ar nós na hIndia, na Síne, na Malaeisia, na Cóiré, Vítneam, na Cambóide, na Seapáine agus na Ríochta Aontaithe trí theorainneacha talún, aerfoirt agus calafoirt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers at a crossroads: Shedding light on the role of Bangladesh in the illegal trade of this iconic big cat|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.12952|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2023|issn=2578-4854|volume=5|issue=7|doi=10.1111/csp2.12952|language=en|author=Uddin, N.; Enoch, S.; Harihar, A.; Pickles, R. S. &amp; Hughes, A. C.|bibcode=2023ConSP...5E2952U}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gliú cnáimhe tíogair is ea an táirge tíogair is mó ceannaithe le haghaidh feidhmeanna leighis i [[Hanáí]] agus i [[Cathair Ho Chi Minh|gCathair Ho Chi Minh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An updated analysis of the consumption of tiger products in urban Vietnam|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419307449|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2020|pages=e00960|volume=22|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00960|language=en|author=Davis, E. O.; Willemsen, M.; Dang, V.; O'Connor, D. &amp; Glikman, J. A.|bibcode=2020GEcoC..2200960D}}&lt;/ref&gt; Póraíonn áiseanna &quot;feirm thíogair&quot; sa tSín agus in iardheisceart na hÁise tíogair le haghaidh a gcodanna coirp ach is cosúil gur measa an bhagairt do phobail fhiáine sa mhéid is go méadaíonn sé an t-éileamh atá ar tháirgí tíogair.&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/news/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesnt-explain-about-captive-tigers/|teideal=Captive Tigers Aren’t Conservation|údar=Henry, L.|dáta=2020|language=en-us|work=World Wildlife Fund|dátarochtana=19 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220001943/https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesn-t-explain-about-captive-tigers|archivedate=20 Feabhra 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bagairt eile in roinnt tíortha laistigh de raon an tíogair ná go maraíonn daoine áitiúla tíogair mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus beathú ar bheostoc, mar sin cuireann an toradh seo den [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra]] le hísliú an phobail fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Characterizing human–tiger conflict in and around Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2015|issn=1612-4642|pages=255–261|volume=61|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|language=en|author=Singh, R.; Nigam, P.; Qureshi, Q.; Sankar, K.; Krausman, P. R.; Goyal, S. P. &amp; Nicholoson, K. L.|bibcode=2015EJWR...61..255S}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ecopsychosocial Aspects of Human–Tiger Conflict: An Ethnographic Study of Tiger Widows of Sundarban Delta, India|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.4137/EHI.S24899|journal=Environmental Health Insights|date=2016|issn=1178-6302|pmc=4712980|pmid=26792997|pages=EHI.S24899|volume=10|doi=10.4137/EHI.S24899|language=en|author=Chowdhurym, A. N.; Mondal, R.; Brahma, A. &amp; Biswas, M. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Living with tigers Panthera tigris : patterns, correlates, and contexts of human–tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001587/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=55–65|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001587|language=en|author=Dhungana, R.; Savini, T.; Karki, J. B.; Dhakal, M.; Lamichhane, B. R. &amp; Bumrungsri, S.|bibcode=2018Oryx...52...55D}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Unraveling the complexity of human–tiger conflicts in the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acv.12591|journal=Animal Conservation|date=2020|issn=1367-9430|pages=741–749|volume=23|issue=6|doi=10.1111/acv.12591|language=en|author=Lubis, M. I.; Pusparini, W.; Prabowo, S. A.; Marthy, W.; Tarmizi; Andayani, N. &amp; Linkie, M.|bibcode=2020AnCon..23..741L}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Settlements and plantations are sites of human–tiger interactions in Riau, Indonesia|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605322000667/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=476–480|volume=57|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605322000667|language=en|author=Neo, W. H. Y.; Lubis, M. I. &amp; Lee, J. S. H.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caomhnú ==
{{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}}
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Tíogar na 21ú hAoise}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable floatright&quot;
|+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin
!Tír
!Bliain
!Meastachán
|-
| {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |3,167–3,682&lt;ref name=&quot;:28&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. &amp; Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority &amp; Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |573–600&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34) (Tuairisc)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum|údar=Global Tiger Forum and the Global Tiger Initiative Council|dáta=2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408150606/https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Indonesia}}[[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |393&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Nepal}}[[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |316–355&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC &amp; DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Thailand}}[[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |148–189&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Malaysia}}[[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |&lt;150&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Bhutan}}[[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |131&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Bangladesh}}[[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align=&quot;right&quot; |118–122&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|China}}[[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot;|&gt;60&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Myanmar}}[[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |28&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| '''Iomlán'''|| || align=&quot;right&quot; |'''5,638–5,899'''
|}
Cosaítear an tíogar go hidirnáisiúnta faoi [[CITES|Fhoscríbhinn I CITES]] a chuireann cosc ar thrádáil tíogar beo agus ar a gcodanna coirp.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Tá cosc ar sheilg an tíogair ón bhliain 1952 sa [[An Rúis|Rúis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 202.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé á chosaint sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] ón bhliain 1969 agus á chosaint ina iomlán ón bhliain 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;:30&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan (2018-2023): A landscape approach to tiger conservation (Tuairisc)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/doi/10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|date=2018|doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|language=en|author=Tandin, T.; Penjor, U.; Tempa, T.; Dhendup, P.; Dorji, S.; Wangdi, S. &amp; Moktan, V.|publisher=Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests.|location=Thimphu, an Bhútáin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tugtar an leibhéal cosanta is airde don tíogar san India faoi réir [[An tAcht um (Chosaint) Fiadhúlra, 1972 (India)|an tAcht um (Chosaint) Fiadhúlra, 1972]], ón bhliain sin ar aghaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Aryal, R. S.|date=2004|title=CITES Implementation in Nepal and India|journal=Law, Policy and Practice|location=Kathmandu|publisher=Bhrikuti Academic Publications. ISBN 99933-673-4-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé cosanta in [[Neipeal]] agus sa Bhainglaidéis ón bhliain 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt; Cosaítear go hiomlán ón bhliain 1976 ar aghaidh sa [[An Mhalaeisia|Mhalaeisia]] faoi réir an Achta um Chosaint Fiadhúlra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|title=The Malayan Tiger Conservation Programme (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers|date=2006|publisher=Kuala Lumpur: Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia|access-date=9 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409203438/https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|archive-date=9 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus d'ardaigh Acht um Chaomhnú Fiadhúlra na tíre sin a cuireadh i bhfeidhm sa bhliain 2010 na pionóis ar mhaithe le coireanna atá bainteach leis an fhiadhúlra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Tá sé cosanta san [[An Indinéis|Indinéis]] ón bhliain 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|title=Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) Indonesia 2007-2017. (PDF)|author=Ministry of Forestry|date=2007|publisher=Jakarta: Government of Indonesia|access-date=12 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923144656/https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|archive-date=23 Meán Fómhair 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireadh cosc ar thrádáil codanna coirp an tíogair i bhfeidhm sa [[An tSín|tSín]] sa bhliain 1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Transnational environmentalism and entanglements of sovereignty: The tiger campaign across the Himalayas|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629812000741|journal=Political Geography|date=2012|pages=408–418|volume=31|issue=7|doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.06.003|language=en|author=Yeh, E. T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireadh an tAcht um Chaomhnú agus Chosaint an Fhiadhúlra i bhfeidhm sa [[An Téalainn|Téalainn]] sa bhliain 2019 chun dul i ngleic le póitseáil agus trádáil na gcodanna coirp.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|teideal=The future of Panthera tigris in Thailand and globally|údar=Kampongsun, S.|dáta=2022|language=en|work=IUCN|foilsitheoir=IUCN|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519211154/https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|archivedate=19 Bealtaine 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bunaíodh an [[An tÚdarás Náisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Tíogair (India)|tÚdarás Náisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Tíogair]] agus [[Project Tiger (India)|''Project Tiger'']] san [[An India|India]] sa bhliain 1973 chun tacaíocht an phobail a chothú i leith chaomhnú an tíogair.&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot; /&gt; Ó shin i leith, bunaíodh 53 [[Tearmainn tíogair na hIndia|thearmann tíogair]] a chuimsíonn achar de 75,796 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (29,265 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tír go dtí an bhliain 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:28&quot; /&gt; Chuir na cuir chuige seo go mór le téarnamh na bpobal tíogair san India idir 2006 agus 2018 sa mhéid is go bhfaightear laistigh d'achar 138,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (53,400 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref /&gt;

Cuimsíonn straitéis náisiúnta caomhnaithe tíogair [[Maenmar|Mhaenmar]] a forbraíodh in 2003 tascanna bainistíochta ar nós athchóiriú gnáthóg dhíghrádaithe, méadú fairsingeacht na gceantar cosanta agus na gconairí fiadhúlra, cosaint speiceas creiche tíogair, bacadh maraithe tíogair agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp agus cur chun cinn eolas an phobail dhaonna le cláracha oideachais fiadhúlra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Developing a National Tiger Action Plan for the Union of Myanmar|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|journal=Environmental Management|date=2006|issn=0364-152X|pages=30–39|volume=37|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Khaing, S. T. &amp; Zaw, K. M.|pmid=16362487|bibcode=2006EnMan..37...30L}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain an chéad Phlean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair de chuid na Bútáine a cuireadh i bhfeidhm idir 2006–2015 le caomhnú gnáthóige, bainistíocht coinbhleachta daonna–fiadhúlra, oideachas agus feasacht an phobail; ba í cuspóir an dara Phlean Gníomhaíochta ná pobal tíogair na tíre a ardú 20% faoin bhliain 2023 i gcomparáid le 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;:30&quot; /&gt; Túsaíodh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Banglaidéise sa bhliain 2009 chun pobal tíogair na tíre a chobhsú, gnáthóg agus bunús creiche leordhóthanach a chaomhnú, forfheidhmiú an dlí a fheabhsú agus comhoibriú idir na gníomhaireachtaí rialtais atá freagrach as caomhnú an tíogair a chothú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Identifying landscape factors affecting tiger decline in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989418300350|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2018|pages=e00382|volume=13|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00382|language=en|author=Hossain, A. N. M.; Lynam, A. J.; Ngoprasert, D.; Barlow, A.; Barlow, C. G. &amp; Savini, T.|bibcode=2018GEcoC..1300382H}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shamhlaigh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Téalainne a [[Daingniú (Dlí)|daingníodh]] in 2010 go méadófaí pobail tíogair na tíre 50% in [[Ionad na Foraoise Iartharaí]] agus [[Ionad Foraoise Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai]] agus go n-athbhunófaí pobail i dtrí thírdhreach fhéideartha faoin bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962|title=Thailand Tiger Action Plan 2010–2022|author=Pisdamkham, C.; Prayurasiddhi, T.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Maneesai, R.; Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Simcharoen, A.; Pattanavibool, R.; Maneerat, S.; Prayoon, U.; Cutter, P. G. &amp; Smith, J. L. D.|date=2010|publisher=Bangkok: Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment|access-date=16 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145525/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962_Thailand_Tiger_Action_Plan_2010-2022|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba í cuspóir an Chláir Náisiúnta Athchóirithe Tíogair a daingníodh in 2010 san Indinéis ná pobal an tíogair Shumatraigh a mhéadú faoin bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Chandradewi, D. S.; Semiadi, G.; Pinondang, I.; Kheng, V. &amp; Bahaduri, L. D.|date=2019|title=A decade on: The second collaborative Sumatra-wide Tiger survey|journal=Cat News|volume=69|pages=41-42}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baineann an tríu plean gníomhaíochta agus straitéise um chaomhnú an tíogair Shumatraigh idir na blianta 2020–2030 le neartú bainistíochta na n-aonad pobal tíogair beag a bhfuil níos lú ná 20 indibhidí aibí iontu agus neartú na gceangal idir 13 cheapach foraoise sna cúigí [[Sumatra Thuaidh]] agus [[Sumatra Theas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|title=An Island-wide Status of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Principal Prey in Sumatra, Indonesia|author=Wibisono, H. T.|date=2021|publisher=(Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology). Delaware: University of Delaware|access-date=14 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505064621/https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Wild_Sumatran_tiger.jpg|alt=Night shot of a tiger face close to the camera|mion|Tíogar Sumatrach fiáin feicthe ag gaiste ceamara]]
Bhí baint ag méaduithe na bpatról frith-phóitseála i gceithre cheantar chosanta sa Rúis idir 2011–2014 le laghdú pótseála, cobhsú an phobail tíogair agus cur chun cinn chosaint a gcreach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) reserves|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12168|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2016|issn=1749-4877|pages=2–15|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12168|language=en|author=Hötte, M. H.; Kolodin, I. A.; Bereznuk, S. L.; Slaght, J. C.; Kerley, L. L.; Soutyrina, S. V.; Salkina, G. P.; Zaumyslova, O. Y.; Stokes, E. J. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.|pmid=26458501}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fógraíodh gur coireanna meánacha agus tromchúiseacha iad an phóitseáil agus an gháinneáil faoi seach sa bhliain 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Bunaíodh oibríochtaí frithphóitseála in Neipeal sa bhliain 2010 fosta, rud a chothaigh níos mó comhoibrithe agus roinnte faisnéise idir na gníomhaireachtaí. Bhí go leor bliain “gan phóitseáil ar bith” de bharr na bpolasaithe seo agus dhúbláil pobal tíogair na tíre laistigh de dheich mbliana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Patróil fhrith-phóitseála i gcroícheantar mór 1,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (460 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) [[Taman Negara]] ba chúis le laghdú minicíochta na póitseála ó 34 heachtra braite le linn 2015–2016 go 20 eachtra idir 2018–2019; chothaigh gabhadh seacht bhfoireann póitseála agus baint súile ribe maireachtáil trí thíogar bhaineanna chónaitheacha agus ar a laghad 11 choileán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Using a crime prevention framework to evaluate tiger counter-poaching in a Southeast Asian rainforest|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552|author=Lam, W. Y.; Phung, C. C.; Mat, Z. A.; Jamaluddin, H.; Sivayogam, C. P.; Zainal Abidin, F. A.; Sulaiman, A.; Cheok, M. K. Y.; Osama, N. A. W.; Sabaan, S.; Abu Hashim, A. K.; Booton, M. D.; Harihar, A.; Clements, G. R. &amp; Pickles, R. S. A.|bibcode=2023FrCS....413552L|pages=1213552}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imlonnaítear oifigigh airm agus póilíní le haghaidh patróil i dteannta bhaill foirne na gceantar cosanta sa Mhalaeisia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Is bearta caomhnaithe tábhachtacha iad [[conairí fiadhúlra]] mar éascaíonn siad ceangail na bpobal tíogair idir láithreacha cosanta; baineann tíogair feidhm as ar a laghad 9 gconaire a a bunaíodh I [[dTírdhreach Terai Arc]] agus [[Cnoic Sivalik]] in Neipeal agus san India araon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connecting tiger ( Panthera tigris ) populations in Nepal: Identification of corridors among tiger‐bearing protected areas|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.10140|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2023|issn=2045-7758|volume=13|issue=5|doi=10.1002/ece3.10140|language=en|author=Bhatt, T. R.; Castley, J. G.; Sims-Castley, R.; Bara, H. S. &amp; Chauvenet, A. L. M.|pmid=37261321|bibcode=2023EcoEv..1310140B}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá conairí i gceantair foraoise le cúngach daonna íseal fíorfheiliúnach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demographic and ecological correlates of a recovering tiger (Panthera tigris) population: Lessons learnt from 13-years of monitoring|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000632072030906X|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2020|pages=108848|volume=252|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108848|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B.; Ghosh-Harihar, M. &amp; Goodrich, J.|bibcode=2020BCons.25208848H}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Assessment of Habitat Suitability and Potential Corridors for Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Valmiki Tiger Reserve, India, Using MaxEnt Model and Least-Cost Modeling Approach|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|journal=Environmental Modeling &amp; Assessment|date=2024|issn=1420-2026|pages=405–422|volume=29|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|language=en|author=Rahaman, M. H.; Masroor, M.; Sajjad, H. &amp; Saha, T. K.|bibcode=2024EMdAs..29..405R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aithníodh go raibh tosaíocht ard ag 12 chonaire fiadhúlra in Sumatra Thiar chun an choinbhleacht dhaonna–fiadhúlra a laghdú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Priority Corridor Zone for Human-Tiger Conflict Mitigation: A Landscape Connectivity Approach in West Sumatra Region, Indonesia|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1617138123001723|journal=Journal for Nature Conservation|date=2023|pages=126501|volume=76|doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126501|language=en|author=Rahman, H.; Hidayat, R. H.; Nofrizal, A. Y.; Wilastra, I. &amp; Nasution, A. F. R.|bibcode=2023JNatC..7626501R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shínigh an tSín agus an Rúis [[meabhrán tuisceana]] le haghaidh comhoibrithe trasteorann idir dhá cheantar chosanta, [[Páirc Náisiunta Tíogair agus Liopaird Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Thír an Liopaird]], a chuir cruthú conairí fiadhúlra agus monatóireacht agus patróil déthaobhach thar an teorainn Shín-Rúiseach san áireamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|title=Evaluation of the project on transboundary cooperation on the conservation of Amur tigers, Amur leopards and Snow leopards in North-East Asia (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Paudyal, B. N.|date=2023|publisher=Bangkok, An Téalainn: Coimisiún Eacnamaíoch agus Sóisialta na Náisiún Aontaithe don Áise agus don Aigéin Chiúin|access-date=7 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407175636/https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|archive-date=7 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scaoileadh tíogair faidhbe agus coileáin tíogair dhílleachta saor san fhiántas agus rinneadh monatóireacht orthu san India, i Sumatra agus sa Rúis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:29&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|title=Home range and movements of male translocated problem tigers in Sumatra (PDF)|author=Priatna, D.; Santosa, Y.; Prasetyo, L. B. &amp; Kartono, A. P.|date=2012|pages=1 (1): 20–30|publisher=Asian Journal of Conservation Biology|access-date=21 Mí na Samhna 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115172018/http://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|archive-date=15 Mí na Samhna 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoration of the Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) Population in the Northwest of Its Distribution Area|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1062359021080239|journal=Biology Bulletin|date=2021|issn=1062-3590|pages=1401–1423|volume=48|issue=8|doi=10.1134/S1062359021080239|language=en|author=Rozhnov, V. V.; Naidenko, S. V.; Hernandez–Blanco, J. A.; Chistopolova, M. D.; Sorokin, P. A.; Yachmennikova, A. A.; Blidchenko, E. Yu.; Kalinin, A. Yu. &amp; Kastrikin, V. A.|bibcode=2021BioBu..48.1401R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá [[Athbhunú éiceolaíochta|athbhunú gnáthóige]] agus [[Athbhunú speicis|athbhunú]] speiceas creiche i measc na n-ullmhúchán atá ar siúl i dTearmann Dúlra Ile-Balkash na Casacstáine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoring Asia’s roar: Opportunities for tiger recovery across the historic range|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340|author=Gray, T. N.; Rosenbaum, R.; Jiang, G.; Izquierdo, P.; Yongchao, J .I. N.; Kesaro, L.; Lyet, A.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Patterson, D. J.; Channa, P.; Jinzhe, Q. I.; Ripple, W. J.; Roberts, J. L.; Roy, S.; Shwe, N. M.; Wolf, C. &amp; Chapman, S.|bibcode=2023FrCS....424340G|pages=1124340}}&lt;/ref&gt; Glactar leis go bhfuil athbhunú tíogair indéanta in oirthear na Cambóide fad a gcuirfear feabhas ar bhainistíocht na gceantar cosanta agus a gcobhsófar caillteanas foraoise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A framework for assessing readiness for tiger Panthera tigris reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|date=2017|issn=0960-3115|pages=2383–2399|volume=26|issue=10|doi=10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|language=en|author=Gray, T. N. E.; Crouthers, R.; Ramesh, K.; Vattakaven, J.; Borah, J.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Lim, T.; Phan, C.; Singh, R.; Long, B. &amp; Chapman, S.|bibcode=2017BiCon..26.2383G}}&lt;/ref&gt; Coimeádtar agus póraítear tíogair na Síne Theas i zúanna Síneacha agus pleanáltar go n-athbhunófar a n-óga isteach i gceantair cosanta iargúlta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot; /&gt; Chinntigh [[Clár póraithe|cláir phóraithe]] i measc [[Zú|zúanna]] go bhfuil éagsúlacht ghéiniteach dhóthanach i measc na dtíogar a fheidhmeodh mar “árachas i gcoinne díothú san fhiántas.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caidreamh le daoine ==
[[File:ElephantbackTigerHunt.jpg|thumb|Sealgaireacht tíogair ar muin eilifinte san India, 1808|alt=Dearadh de dhaoine ag fiach tíogar ar muin eilifinte]]
=== Sealgaireacht ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{Main|Sealgaireacht tíogair}}
Bhí sé de nós ag daoine daonna a bheith ag fiach na dtíogar leis na mílte bliain mar a léiríonn múrdhathanna ar [[Fothanacha Cloiche Bhimbetka|Fhothanacha Cloiche Bhimbetka]] san India a dátaíodh go 5,000–6,000 bliain ó shin. Seilgeadh fud fad a raonta san Áise iad, áit a mbíodh daoine sa tóir orthu ar muin capaill, ar muin eilifinte nó fiú le sleamhnán madraí sula marófaí le sleánna agus níos déanaí le hairm thine iad. Ba iad rialtais Áiseacha agus impireachtaí cosúil le [[hImpireacht na Mógal|hImpireacht na Mógal]] chomh maith le coilínigh Eorpacha a rinne na fiacha seo. Ba mhinic a seilgeadh tíogair mar [[sealgaireacht comhraimh|comhraimh]] agus mar gheall ar an chontúirt a shíleadh a bheith leo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 187–200.&lt;/ref&gt; Meastar gur 80,000 tíogar a maraíodh idir 1875 agus 1925.&lt;ref&gt;Kothari, A. S.; Chhapgar, B. S.; Chhapgar, B. F., eds. (2005). &quot;The Manpoora Tiger (about a Tiger Hunt in Rajpootanah)&quot;. The Treasures of Indian Wildlife. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 22–27. ISBN 0-19-567728-5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 193.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ionsaithe ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{main|Ionsaí tíogair}}
[[File:Sundarban Tiger.jpg|thumb|Tíogar Bheangál sna [[Sundarban]]s|alt=Tíogar ina sheasamh ar bhruach corcach mhangróbh]]
Seachnaíonn tíogair daoine de ghnáth i bhformhór na gceantar a fhaightear iad, ach tá baol ionsaithe ann i gcónaí áit ar bith a gcómhaireann daoine leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;Nyhus, P. J. &amp; Tilson, R. (2010). &quot;Panthera tigris vs Homo sapiens: Conflict, coexistence, or extinction?&quot; in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010}}, lgh. 125–142.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Human–tiger conflict: A review and call for comprehensive plans|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2010|issn=1749-4877|pages=300–312|volume=5|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.|pmid=21392348}}&lt;/ref&gt; Casann daoine agus tíogair ar a chéile go contúirteach níos minice i ngnáthóga [[éifeachtaí imill|imill]] idir ceantair fhiáine agus ceantair thalmhaíochta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt; Is cosantach a bhíonn na hionsaithe, cosaint na n-óg san áireamh, ar dhaoine den chuid is mó; feictear daoine mar fhoinse chreiche uaireanta, áfach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt; Bíonn tíogair [[Ainmhí daoiniteach#Tíogair|dhaoiniteacha]] sean agus faoi mhíchumas de ghnáth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Má ruaigtear tíogair dá raonta baile, tá an baol ann go mbeidh orthu daoine a ithe fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 108–110.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí an [[Tíogar Champawat]] freagrach as báis níos mó ná 430 duine sa Neipeal agus san India sular scaoil [[Jim Corbett]] í.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 276.&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhulaing an tíogar baineann seo le fiacla briste agus ní raibh sé ar a cumas a gnáthchreach a mharú. Measann údair nua-aimseartha gur chuir a chothú ar fheoil dhaonna ghann iachall uirthi níos mó agus níos mó daoine a mharú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh.&amp;#x20;73–74.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí líon na n-ionsaithe tíogar i Singeapór sách ard i lár na 19ú hAois nuair a leath plandálacha isteach i ngnáthóg an tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=People in Peril, Environments at Risk: Coolies, Tigers, and Colonial Singapore's Ecology of Poverty|url=http://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|journal=Environment and History|date=2016|issn=0967-3407|pages=455–482|volume=22|issue=3|doi=10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|language=en|author=Powell, M. A.|bibcode=2016EnHis..22..455P|jstor=24810674}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn na 1840idí, bhí líon na mbás sa cheantar idir 200 go 300 go bliantúil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 274.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ionsaithe tíogar sna Sundarbans]] ba chúis le bás 1,396 duine sa tréimhse idir 1935–2006 dar le taifid oifigiúla [[Roinn Foraoise (An Bhanglaidéis)|Roinn Foraoise na Banglaidéise]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Profiling tigers (Panthera tigris) to formulate management responses to human-killing in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=http://www.socpvs.org/journals/index.php/wbp/article/view/10.2461-wbp.2013.9.6|journal=Wildlife Biology in Practice|date=2013-09-30|issn=1646-2742|volume=9|issue=2|doi=10.2461/wbp.2013.9.6|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C.; Ahmad, I. &amp; Smith, J. L.|pages=30-39}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba mhuintir na sráidbhailte áitiúla iad na híobartaigh seo a chuaigh isteach i ndúiche an tíogair chun acmhainní ar nós meala nó adhmad a bhailiú. Gnáthíobartach ab ea an t-iascaire. Bhí go leor bealaí ag daoine chun dul i ngleic le hionsaithe na dtíogar i gcaitheamh na mblianta, ina measc siúd mascanna aghaidh a caitheadh droim ar ais, éadaigh chosanta, bataí agus dumaí leictreacha a lonnaíodh go cúramach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 111–113.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Géibheann ===
{{Il-íomhánna
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|image1=Clean Toes are a Tiger's Friend (15588882074).jpg 
|caption1=Tíogar ag [[Big Cat Rescue]] in 2014
|image2=Ringling Bros and Barnum &amp; Bailey Circus Gunther Gebel-Williams 1969.jpg 
|caption2=Grianghraf poiblíochta den traenálaí ainmhí [[Gunther Gebel-Williams]] le roinnt dá thíogar traenáilte, {{circa}} 1969.
|alt=Tíogar taobh thiar d'fhál (ar barr) agus grianghraf dubh-agus-bán d'fhear ar a ghlúine os comhair sé thíogar atá ina luí le lucht féachana sorcais sa chúlra}}


Coimeádadh tíogair i ngéibheann ó bhí an chianaois ann. Cuireadh tíogair ar taispeáint in [[Amfaitéatar|amfaitéatair]]; maraíodh le linn [[Venatio|sealgaireachta]] agus baineadh úsáid astu chun [[Damnatio ad bestias|príosúnaigh a mharú]].&lt;ref&gt;Manfredi, P. &quot;The Tiger in the Ancient World&quot; in {{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 173&lt;/ref&gt; Tuairiscítear gur choimeád an rialtóir Mongólach [[Kublai Khan]] tíogair sa 13ú hAois. Coimeádadh tíogair i [[Cuibhreann ainmhithe fiáine|gcuibhrinn ainmhithe fiáine]] Eorpacha ag tosú sa [[An Mheánaois|Mheánaois]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 179-180.&lt;/ref&gt; Baineadh feidhm as tíogair agus ainmhithe coimhthíocha eile chun aíocht a chur ar fáil don scothaicme go príomha agus ansin ón 19ú hAois ar aghaidh, is mó a cuireadh ar taispeáint don phobal iad. Tá tíogair an-tarraingteach mar thaispeántais agus chuaigh a bpobail i ngéibhinn in airde go mór.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 126–130.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí níos mó ná 8,000 tíogar ghafa san Áise, thart ar 5,000 sna SAM agus ar a laghad 850 san Eoraip sa bhliain 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|teideal=EU’s ‘unlikely’ role in global tiger trade revealed in new WWF, TRAFFIC report|údar=Ciste Domhanda an Fhiadhúlra (WWF)|dáta=2020|language=en|work=tigers.panda.org|dátarochtana=6 Meitheamh 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119155811/https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|archivedate=19 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá níos mó tíogar i ngéibheann ná mar atá san fhiántas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir go dtaispeánfaidh tíogair i ngéibheann [[Steiréitíopacht (neamhdhaonna)|iompar neamhghnách]] cosúil le siúl síos suas agus neamhghníomhaíocht. Is féidir le zúanna nua-aimseartha na hiompair seo a laghdú le taispeántáin a dearadh le gur féidir leis na hainmhithe bogadh idir imfháluithe atá scartha ach nasctha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Effects of a modern exhibit design on captive tiger welfare|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21746|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2023|issn=0733-3188|pages=371–382|volume=42|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21746|language=en|author=Smith, K. D.; Snider, R. J.; Dembiec, D. P.; Siegford, J. M. &amp; Ali, A. B.|pmid=36478300}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá earraí cothaithe tábhachtach chun leasa na gcat fosta agus chun spreagtha a n-iompar nádúrtha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of intrinsic enrichment on captive felids|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21361|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2017|issn=0733-3188|pages=186–192|volume=36|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21361|language=en|author=Damasceno, J.; Genaro, G.; Quirke, T.; McCarthy, S.; McKeown, S. &amp; O'Riordan, R.|pmid=29165868}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D’imir tíogair ról faoi leith i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus taispeántais bheo eile. Bhí iliomad ceansaitheoir tíogair le feicieáil i dtaispeántais na [[Ringling Bros. and Barnum &amp; Bailey Circus|Ringling Bros]] sa 20ú hAois, ina measc [[Mabel Stark]] a raibh tarraingt mhór agus gairm fhada aici. Bhí clú uirthi as a bheith in ann smacht a chur ar na tíogair cé gur bhean bheag a bhí inti; a bhain úsaid as uirlisí “na bhfear” cosúil le fuipeanna agus gunnaí. Ceansaitheoir eile ab ea [[Clyde Beatty]] a d’úsáid cathaoireacha, fuipeanna agus gunnaí chun tíogair agus ainmhithe eile a spreagadh chun iompair fhiáin a lig dó cuma na crógachta a bheith air. Bheadh sé ar an ardán le suas le 40 tíogar agus leon in aon thaispeántas amháin. Bhainfeadh traenálaithe cosúil le [[Gunther Gebel-Williams]] úsáid as modhanna níos séimhe chun smacht a chur ar na hainmhithe ó na 1960idí ar aghaidh. Baisteadh “Cogarnach na dTíogar” ar [[Sara Houcke]] mar thraenáil sí na cait chun éisteachta léi agus í ag cogarnaíl dóibh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 202–204.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain [[Siegfried &amp; Roy]] clú amach in [[Las Vegas]] as taispeántais a chur ar siúl le tíogair bhána. Tháinig deireadh lena dtaispeántais in 2003 nuair a d’ionsaigh tíogar Roy le linn léirithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 140–141.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba iad tíogair an t-ainmhí is mó trádála i measc na n-ainmhithe sorcais.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Are wild animals suited to a travelling circus life?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728600000270/type/journal_article|journal=Animal Welfare|date=2009|issn=0962-7286|pages=129–140|volume=18|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0962728600000270|language=en|author=Iossa, G.; Soulsbury, C. D. &amp; Harris, S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuaigh úsáid na dtíogar agus ainmhithe eile in éag in go leor tíortha mar gheall ar bhrú ó ghrúpaí [[cearta ainmhithe]] agus toil an phobail iad a fheiceáil laistigh de shuíomhanna níos nádúrtha. Chuir roinnt tíortha [[Cosc ar ainmhithe sorcais|cosc nó srian]] ar thaispeántais den chineál seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 204–205.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá an-tóir ar thíogair i ngnó na [[Peata coimhthíoch|bpeataí coimhthíocha]] go háirithe sna Stáit Aontaithe,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 214.&lt;/ref&gt; áit nach bhfuil ach 6% de phobal na dtíogar i ngéibheann i zúanna agus in ionaid fhaofa eile an [[An Cumann um Zúanna agus Uisceadáin|Chumainn um Zúanna agus Uisceadáin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt; Glactar leis go bhfuil bailitheoirí príobháideacha droch-fheistithe chun an aire cheart a thabhairt do thíogair, rud a chuireann as dá leas. Is féidir leo sábháilteacht an phobail a chur i mbaol fosta má ligeann siad do dhaoine caidreamh a dhéanamh leo..&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt; Cuireadh cosc air tíogair agus cait mhóra eile a bheith ag daoine príobháideacha sna SAM sa bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|title=June 18 Deadline for Compliance With Big Cat Public Safety Act|author=U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service|date=2023|publisher=U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service|access-date=20 Feabhra 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220231426/https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|archive-date=20 Feabhra 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir formhór thíortha an Aontais Eorpaigh cosc ar phórú tíogair agus ar thíogair a bheith ag daoine lasmuigh de zúanna agus ionaid tharrthála ceadúnaithe ach ceadaíonn roinnt acu bailiúcháin phríobháideacha fós.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|title=Guidance Document on the export, re-export and intra-EU trade of captive-born and bred live tigers and their parts and derivatives (Tuairisc)|author=European Commission|date=2023|access-date=6 Meitheamh 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217230241/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|archive-date=17 Nollaig 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tábhacht chultúrtha ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{main|Íomhánna cultúrtha tíogar}}
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Adhradh tíogair}}
[[File:Bronze Tiger Tally &quot;Jie&quot; with Gold Inlay from Tomb of Zhao Mo.jpg|thumb|right|''Jie'' (suaitheantas an údaráis) de chruth an tíogair le hór iontlaise, ó thuama [[Zhao Mo]]|alt=Suaitheantas de thíogar dubh le stríoca órga]]
Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is cáiliúla ar domhan. Thug [[Kailash Sankhala]] “meascán annamh de mhisneach, d’fhíochmhaireacht agus de dhathúlacht iontach” air agus deir Candy d'Sa go bhfuil sé “fíochmhar agus ceannasach ar an taobh amuigh, ach uasal agus géarchúiseach ar an taobh istigh”. Ghlac níos mó ná 50,000 duine as 73 thír páirt i bpobalbhreith ar líne sa bhliain 2004; dúradh gurb é an tíogar an t-ainmhí is fearr leis an domhan le 21% de na vótaí,  cé gur ar éigean ar chuir sé ruaig ar an mhadra. Fuair staidéar in 2018 amach gurb é an t-ainmhí fiáin is mó tóire ar an bhealach chéanna bunaithe ar shuirbhéanna, ar thaispeántais ar shuíomhanna gréasáin mhórzúanna agus ar phóstaeir roinnt scannáin bheochana.

Díreach mar a chuir an leon ríogacht agus cumhacht in iúl i [[Cultúr an Iarthair|gcultúr an Iarthair]], is amhlaidh a rinne an tíogar i [[Cultúr na hÁise|gcultúir éagsúla na hÁise]]. D’fhéach an tSín ársa ar an tíogar mar “rí na foraoise” agus ba é siombal chumhacht an [[Impire na Síne|impire]]. Is é an tíogar an tríú shiombal den 12 shiombal sa [[stoidiaca Síneach]] a bhfuil smacht ar an tréimhse idir 15:00 agus a 17:00 a chlog um thráthnóna aige san [[astralaíocht Shíneach]]. Ceaptar go dtugann [[Tíogar (stoidiaca)|Bliain an Tíogair]] “imeachtaí dramatúla agus míchuibhseacha” léi. Ta an [[Tíogar Bán (miotaseolaíocht)|Tíogar Bán]] ar cheann de [[Ceithre Shiomba|Cheithre Shiombal]] na [[Réaltbhuíonta Síneacha]] a sheasann don iarthar agus don [[Yin agus yang|yin]] chomh maith le séasúr an Fhómhair. Macasamhail an [[Dragan Gormghlas|Dragain Ghormghlais]] atá ann a sheasann don oirthear, yang agus séasúr an Earraigh. Ta an tíogar ar cheann de na hainmhithe a léirítear ar [[Séala Pashupati|shéala Pashupati]] [[Sibhialtacht Ghleann na hIondúise|Shibhialtacht Ghleann na hIondúise]]. Taispeánadh an tíogar ar shéalaí agus ar bhoinn nuair a bhí [[ríshliocht Chola]] i réim i ndeisceart na hIndia óir gurbh é a suaitheantas oifigiúil.
[[File:Durga Mahisasuramardini.JPG|thumb|upright|left|An bandia Hiondúch [[Durga]] ag marcaíocht ar thíogar. Scoil [[Ceannasaíocht Fine Guler|Guler]], 18ú hAois luath|alt=Dearadh de bhandia a bhfuil ocht lámh uirthi ag marcaíocht ar thíogar atá ag baint greim de dheamhan buabhaill]]

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Lá Idirnáisiúnta an Tíogair]]
* [[Liosta na gCat is mó]]
* [[Tiger Temple]]
* [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Leabharliosta ==
* {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}}
* {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}}
* {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}}
* {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}}
* {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}}
* {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}}

{{síol ainmhí}}
[[Catagóir:Tíogair]]
[[Catagóir:Cait]]</text>
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[[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]]
Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')&lt;ref name=&quot;Tearma&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot; /&gt; ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]].

Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Bíonn saol aonarach aige go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] aige a chosnaíonn sé ar indibhidí den ghnéas chéanna. Cuimsíonn raon baile an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann baineannaigh idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Fágann na coileáin seo raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin nuair a bhíonn siad neamhspleách.

Ó bhlianta luatha na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon dáilte na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íobartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon dáilte. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. &amp; Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. 

== Sanasaíocht ==
Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. &amp; Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title=&quot;τίγρις&quot;.|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title=&quot;De lingua latina&quot; [On the Latin Language]|journal=&quot;XX. Ferarum vocabula&quot; [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur [[comhainm]] atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tacsanomaíocht ==
Rinne an luibheolaí Sualannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a bhaist sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'' air, mar ba ghnách an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na gcat uilig ag an am. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot;&gt;{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up &quot;Felis tigris&quot;] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Fospeiceas ===
{{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar reatha ([[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Holaicéineach]]) idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin na tíogair [[tíogar Bheangál|Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Mhalaecha]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneacha]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúracha]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Chaispeacha]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávacha]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bhailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Shumatracha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MSW3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 &quot;Species ''Panthera tigris''&quot;] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&amp;pg=PA546}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Wilting2015/&gt; Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis seo sa bhliain 1999 mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin idirdhealú a dhéanamh bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener1999&quot;&gt;Kitchener, A. (1999). &quot;Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues&quot; in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39&lt;/ref&gt;

D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus [[ADN miteacoindreach|ADN miteacoindreacha]] (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilting2015&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. &amp; Kitchener, A. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''[[felid]]'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeiceas 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.&lt;ref name=&quot;catsg&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. &amp; Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 shampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. &amp; Luo, S.-J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2023&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. &amp; Tu, X. L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. &amp; Luo, S.-J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat &quot;Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group.&quot; nó i nGaeilge &quot;Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fhospeiceasach] an speicis seo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005&lt;ref name=MSW3/&gt; agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;{{clear}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot; | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}&lt;ref name=Linn1758/&gt;
! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Bheangál]] 
{{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot; /&gt;
| | Cuireann pobal an tíogair seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jackson1996&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. &amp; Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title=&quot;Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)&quot; (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu ó thuaidh&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title=&quot;Panthera tigris&quot;|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák2010&quot;/&gt;
| |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Illiger&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&amp;cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile air&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan ar chúl a gcinn.&lt;ref name=Kitchener1999/&gt; Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Driscoll2009&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.&lt;ref name=Seidensticker1999/&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Temminck&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt; Athraíonn a chúldath ó [[ócar]]-bhuí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis a fholta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an bhlaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák2010&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}&lt;ref name=Hilzheimer&gt;{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhí na craicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].&lt;ref name=Hilzheimer/&gt; Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a chrosphóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar ní fhacthas é go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.&lt;ref name=Wang2023/&gt;
| |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazak1968&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.&lt;ref name=Mazak1968/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mazak06&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. &amp; Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Luo04&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a [[Seicheamh aigéid núicléasaigh|sheichimh mhionsatailíte]] agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.&lt;ref name=Luo04/&gt; Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisce agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt; Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
| |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot; | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;
! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt;
| |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt; Bhí tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt; Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. &lt;ref name=Seidensticker1999/&gt;
| |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}&lt;ref name=Schwarz&gt;{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.&lt;ref name=Schwarz/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;der-tiger&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gné tipicúil de bhlaoscanna an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. &amp; Van Bree, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Seidensticker1999&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. &amp; Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}&lt;ref name=Pocock1929&gt;{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.&lt;ref name=Pocock1929/&gt; Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]]
|}

=== Éabhlóid ===
{{Féach freisin|Tíogar Bhoirneo}}
{{Cladogram|{{clade
|label1=''[[Panthera]]''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]]
|2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]]
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]]
|label2=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
                |2={{clade
                    |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]]
                    |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]]
                    }}
}}
}}
}}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016&lt;ref name=Li_al2016&gt;{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. &amp; Murphy, W. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. &amp; Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. &amp; Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tseng&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. &amp; Xie, G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.&lt;ref name=Mazák/&gt; Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=The identity of the &quot;lion&quot;, ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans &quot;leopard&quot; (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. &amp; Liu, J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh i [[Contae Lantian|gContae Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.&lt;ref name=Mazák/&gt;

Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener2009&quot;&gt;Kitchener, A. &amp; Yamaguchi, N. (2009). &quot;What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy&quot; in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84&lt;/ref&gt; Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luo04&quot; /&gt; Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;


=== Hibridí ===
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Hibridí Feilideacha|Hibrid Panthera}}

Is féidir le tíogair [[crosphórú]] le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabryś&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. &amp; Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéid is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomhmhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.&lt;ref name=&quot;imprinting&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}&lt;/ref&gt; Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabryś&quot; /&gt;


== Cur síos ==
[[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]]
Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}}  

Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&amp;pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. &amp; Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener1999&quot; /&gt; Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Sunquist, M. (2010). &quot;What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour&quot; in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34&lt;/ref&gt; Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener2009&quot; /&gt;

=== Fionnadh ===
[[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]]
Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] flannbhuí air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99–102.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Miquelle, D. &quot;Tiger&quot; in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; 

Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú flannbhuí leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Éagsúlacht datha ====
[[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]]
Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[ísliú ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dáileadh agus gnáthóg ==
[[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]]
Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (116,027 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (75,606 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. &amp; Wood, K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&amp;#x20;108–112&lt;/ref&gt; I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.&lt;ref&gt;Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. &amp; Schleyer, B. (1999). &quot;Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey&quot; in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99&lt;/ref&gt; Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarban|Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.&lt;ref&gt;Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. &amp; Bolze, D. (1999). &quot;Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild&quot; in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).&lt;ref&gt;Jigme, K. &amp; Tharchen, L. (2012). &quot;Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan&quot;. ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. &amp; Gopi, G. V.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. &amp; Jiang, X. L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. &amp; Kumar, N. S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. &amp; Herwansyah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dlús pobail ===

Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús pobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 n-indibhid in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) laistigh de limistéar 521 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (201 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. &amp; Jhala, Y.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús pobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1,250 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) faoin bhliain 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. &amp; Po, S. H. T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Measadh go bhfuil an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 thíogar in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús pobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) faoin bhliain 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. &amp; Savini, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Measadh an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 thíogar fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. &amp; Linkie, M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iompar agus éiceolaíocht ==
[[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]]
Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. &amp; Liu, J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarban|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarban]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. &amp; Gopal, R.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. &amp; Wegge, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66&lt;/ref&gt; Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Scaradh sóisialta ===
Maireann tíogair fhásta saolta aonaracha laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raonta baile]] nó dá [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúichí]] den chuid is mó, dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse a gcreiche, ar na láithreacha tíreolaíocha agus ar ghnéas na hindibhide féin. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile ar thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad roinnt baineannach mar aon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (4.1 agus 5.4 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarban|Sundarbans]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. &amp; Howlader, A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe in [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] ó 53–67 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (20–26 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (21–23 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (18–36 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (32–57 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (32–38 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (31–46 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:29&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. &amp; Saha, G. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (96–201 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag 14 bhaineannach agus de 847–1,923 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (327–742 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh raonta baile chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. &amp; Hornocker, M. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí d'aois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann chéanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. &amp; Goodrich, J. M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop
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Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a bhaint amach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.&lt;/ref&gt; Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fhireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55.

&lt;/ref&gt; Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. &amp; Weibchen, G.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. &amp; Miquelle, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.&lt;/ref&gt; Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhid eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is minic a ghlactar seilbh ar raonta baile a fhágtar gan úinéir laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí, go háirithe nuair a fhaigheann an t‑úinéir bás.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna níos fulangaí i leith bhaineannaigh eile laistigh dá raonta baile ná mar a bhíonn tíogair fhireann do fhireannaigh eile, ós rud é nach mbíonn fireannaigh caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis trí imeaglú seachas trí throid go hiondúil. Mar sin féin, féadfaidh fireannach glacadh le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn [[Ceannasacht|an lámh in uachtar]] aige, fad nach dtagann an t-íochtaran róghar dó. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fireanna atá in iomaíocht lena chéile nuair atá baineannach in [[éastras]] sa cheantar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn tíogair níos sóisialta timpeall ar chreach nó ag conablach creiche. Roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile uaireanta agus, murab ionann agus leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula gcríochnaíonn sé féin ag ithe. Mar sin féin, bíonn baineannaigh níos teannasaí nuair a bhuaileann siad le baineannaigh eile ag conablach creiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cumarsáid ===
Le linn teagmhálacha cairdiúla agus chun ceangail shóisialta a neartú, [[Bunting (iompar ainmhí)|cuimlíonn tíogair a gcoirp]] in aghaidh a chéile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 262–263.&lt;/ref&gt; Áirítear ar a ngothaí gnúise an &quot;bagairt chosanta&quot;, ina mbíonn an aghaidh rocach, na fiacla nochtaithe, na cluasa tarraingthe siar agus na mic imrisc méadaithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 263.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Taispeánann fireannaigh agus baineannaigh araon [[freagairt flehmen]], gruaim shainiúil ina gcuirtear strainc ar na liopaí, nuair a bholann siad marcálacha fuail. Úsáideann fireannaigh an fhreagairt flehmen chun marcálacha a fhágann tíogair bhaineanna atá in éastras a bhrath.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Bogann tíogair a gcuid cluasa chun na spotaí bána atá ar a gcúl a thaispeáint, go háirithe le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha agus idir máithreacha agus coileáin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)|publisher=University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7.|date=2002|location=Chicago|author=Sunquist, M. E. &amp; Sunquist, F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA320|journal=Wild Cats of the World|pages=343–372}}&lt;/ref&gt; Úsáideann siad a n-eireabaill chomh maith chun a ngiúmar a chur in iúl. Chun croíúlacht a thaispeáint, cuirtear an t‑eireaball ag gobadh aníos agus luascann sé go mall. Nuair a bhíonn tíogar imníoch nó aireach, íslíonn sé a eireaball nó luascann sé ó thaobh go taobh é. Nuair atá sé socair, crochtar an t‑eireaball go híseal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;

De ghnáth bíonn tíogair ciúin, ach tá siad in ann réimse leathan glórtha a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 256.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 99.&lt;/ref&gt; Ligeann siad búir astu chun a láithreacht a chur in iúl do thíogair eile thar achair fhada. Brúitear an fhuaim seo amach trí bhéal oscailte agus é ag dúnadh, agus is féidir í a chloisteáil suas le 3 km (1.9 mi) ar shiúl. Ligeann siad búir astu cúpla uair i ndiaidh a chéile agus freagraíonn tíogair eile ar an bhealach chéanna. Ligeann siad búir astu le linn cúplála fosta agus úsáidfidh máthair búir chun glaoch ar a coileáin. Nuair a bhíonn teannas orthu, ligeann tíogair sian astu, fuaim atá cosúil le búir ach atá níos boige agus a dhéantar nuair atá an béal dúnta go páirteach ar a laghad. Is féidir an sian seo a chloisteáil suas le 400 m (1,300 tr) ar shiúl.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 258–261.&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha, cloistear [[drantán]], [[Drannadh|drannach]] agus siosadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 261.&lt;/ref&gt; Scaoiltear &quot;búir chasachtach&quot; nó &quot;drannadh casachtach&quot; amach trí bhéal oscailte agus fiacla nochtaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; I gcúinsí níos cairdiúla, déanann tíogair ''[[prusten]]'', fuaim shéimh shrannach ísealmhinicíochta atá cosúil le [[crónán]] na gcat beag.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Peters, G. &amp; Tonkin-Leyhausen, B. A.|date=1999|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|pages=129–159|location=|publisher=S2CID 25252052}}&lt;/ref&gt; Déanann máithreacha cumarsáid lena gcoileáin trí ghnúsacht, agus freagraíonn na coileáin le [[meamhlach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 257–258.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a bhaintear geit astu, déanann siad fuaim ghearr cosúil le &quot;bhuf&quot;. Déanann siad fuaim &quot;pok&quot; mar a bheadh fia ann, ar chúiseanna nach bhfuil soiléir; is minice a chloistear í ag conablaigh chreiche, áfach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 256–258.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 62.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;
Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta
Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh
Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Seilg agus aiste bia ===
[[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]]
Is [[feoiliteoir]] agus [[forchreachadóir]] é an tíogar. Glactar leis gurb iad [[Líonmhaireacht (éiceolaíocht)|líonmhaireacht]] agus meáchan coirp na speiceas creiche is príomhchritéir do rogha creiche an tíogair, laistigh agus lasmuigh de thearmainn chosanta mar aon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/104/6/1302/7241439|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2023|issn=0022-2372|pages=1302–1316|volume=104|issue=6|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069|language=en|author=Biswas, S.; Kumar, S.; Bandhopadhyay, M.; Patel, S. K.; Lyngdoh, S.; Pandav, B. &amp; Mondol, S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beathaítear iad ar [[Crúbach|chrúbaigh]] mór- agus meán-mhéideacha cosúil le [[fia sambar]], [[vaipítí Manchúrach]], [[fia eanaigh]], [[gár]] agus [[torc allta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2012|issn=0952-8369|pages=221–231|volume=286|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|language=en|author=Hayward, M. W.; Jędrzejewski, W. &amp; Jędrzejewska, B.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12461|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2021|issn=1749-4877|pages=19–32|volume=16|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N.; Intanajitjuy, P.; Inrueang, P. &amp; Prempree, K.|pmid=32627329}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352249622000507|journal=Food Webs|date=2023|pages=e00268|volume=34|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|language=en|author=Variar, A. S.; Anoop, N. R.; Komire, S.; Vinayan, P. A.; Sujin, N. S.; Raj, A. &amp; Prasadan, P. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is creachadóir faille é i leith speicis níos lú cosúil le [[Moncaí|moncaithe]], [[Péacóg|péacóga]] agus éin thalamh-bhunaithe eile, [[Torcán craobhach|torcáin chraobhaigh]] agus éisc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Tá corrthaifid ar ionsaithe ar [[Eilifint Áiseach|eilifíntí Áiseacha]] agus [[Srónbheannach Indiach|srónbheannaigh Indiacha]] fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 &amp; 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf|author=Karanth, K. U.|date=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Níos minice a chreachann tíogair a n-óga atá níos leochailí, áfach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Nichols, J. D.|date=1998|accessdate=16 Nollaig 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beathaíonn siad ar bheostoc agus ar mhadraí i ngar do lonnaíochta in amanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Caitheann tíogair fásra, torthaí agus mianraí ó am go chéile ar mhaithe le snáithín cothaithe agus forlíonadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|publisher=Cassell. ASIN B0007DU2IU|pages=133–134|date=1965|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Foghlaimíonn tíogair an dóigh le bheith ag creachadh dá máithreacha, ach is féidir gur cumas inbheirthe atá sa chreachadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (Panthera tigris amoyensis) on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320715300987|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=57–64|volume=192|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|language=en|author=Fàbregas, M. C.; Fosgate, G. T. &amp; Koehler, G. M.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maraíonn siad go seachtainiúil go tipiciúil ag brath ar mhéid na gcreach ach caithfidh máithreacha amhail a dhéanamh níos minice.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Seilgeann teaghlaigh le chéile nuair a bhíonn na coileáin sean go leor. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 63.&lt;/ref&gt; Baineann siad úsáid as cumas a radhairc agus n-éisteachta chun creach a chuardach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 284–285.&lt;/ref&gt; Fanfaidh tíogar ag poll uisce go dtí go dtagann creach thart, go háirithe ar laethanta samhraidh teo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 288.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 120.&lt;/ref&gt; Is creachadóir luíocháin é agus cromann sé lena cheann go híseal, á cheilt san fhásra, nuair a théann sé i dtreo creiche. Malartaíonn sé idir bhogadh ar aghaidh agus fhanacht socair. Is féidir le tíogar dul ina chodladh agus fanacht san áit chéanna chomh fada le lá agus é ag feitheamh ar chreach sula ndéanann sé ionsaí nuair atá a chuid chreiche gar dó,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 119–120, 122.&lt;/ref&gt; laistigh de 30 m (98 tr) de ghnáth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Má fheiceann an chreach é roimhe sin, ní théann an cat sa tóir uirthi a thuilleadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt; Is féidir le tíogar imeacht de ráib ar luas de 56 km/h (35 mph);&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 287.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; ní reathaí fadraon é an tíogar agus géillfidh sé má sháraíonn a chreach thar achar áirithe é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;
[[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]]
Ionsaíonn an tíogar ó chúl nó leis na taobhanna agus déanann sé iarracht a íobartach a chur dá chothrom. Faigheann sé greim ar a chreach lena ghéaga tosaigh, ag lúbadh agus ag casadh le linn na streachailte chun é a tharraingt síos chuig an talamh. Beireann an tíogar [[Greim scornaigh|greim ar scornach]] a íobartaigh go dtí go [[Tachtadh|dtachtar]] chun báis é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 121.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 295.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 24.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá fórsa greime meánach ag barr na starrfhiacla de 1234.3 [[niútan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=2007|pages=573–592|volume=91|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|language=en|author=Christiansen, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir leis an tíogair adharca, beanna, starrfhiacla agus crúba a sheachaint le greim scornaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 295–296.&lt;/ref&gt; Is marfóirí solúbtha iad tíogair ar féidir úsáid a bhaint as modhanna maraithe eile amhail scornacha a stróiceadh nó muiníl a bhriseadh. Fágtar creach mhór faoi mhíchumas de bharr greim ar chúl na speire a ghearrann an teannán. Is féidir buille ó na lapa móra [[Buabhall uisce|buabhaill uisce]] a stiúdadh nó fiú a mblaoscanna an a bhriseadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 126.&lt;/ref&gt; Maraíonn siad creach bheag le greim de dhroim an mhuiníl nó an chinn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 289.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Meastar [[ráta ratha]] tíogar i mbun sealgaireachta a bheith chomh híseal le 5% nó chomh hard le 50%. Gortaíonn nó maraíonn creach mhór nó chontúirteach cosúil le gáir, buabhaill agus toirc iad ó am go chéile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Bogann tíogair a gcreach go háit phríobháideach a bhfuil fásra thart uirthi nach bhfuil níos faide ná 183 m (600 tr) uathu go tipiciúil ach tá taifid de thíogair a bhog a gcreach chomh fada le 549 m (1,801 tr). Tá siad chomh láidir sin gur féidir leo conablach buabhaill uisce a tharraingt ar feadh achair fhada. Tógann siad sos ar feadh tamaill sula n-itheann siad agus is féidir leo oiread agus 50 kg (110 lb) feola a ithe in aon sheisiún amháin ach beathaíonn siad ar chonablach amháin ar feadh cúpla lá, gan ach corrphíosa a fhágáil do bhailitheoirí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 297–300.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iomaitheoirí ===
[[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]]
I gcuid mhór dá raon dáilte, roinneann tíogair a ngnáthóg le liopaird agus le [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]]. De ghnáth, bíonn an lámh in uachtar acu ar an dá chreachadóir sin, cé go mbraitheann sé, i gcás an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh, ar mhéid an phaca. Tá taifid ann d'idirghníomhaíochtaí éagsúla idir an trí chreachadóir seo amhail tóraíocht, [[Cleipteasheadánachas|goideadh creiche]] agus marú díreach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|author=Srivathsa, A.; Ramachandran, V.; Saravanan, P.; Sureshbabu, A.; Ganguly, D. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.|date=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir le pacaí móra an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh tíogair a mharú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 136.&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann tíogair liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha taobh le chéile mar seilgeann siad creach atá ar mhéideanna difriúla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger ( Panthera tigris ), leopard ( Panthera pardus ) and dhole ( Cuon alpinus ) in Nagarahole, India|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2000|issn=0952-8369|pages=255–265|volume=250|issue=2|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|language=en|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Sunquist, M. E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fuarthas amach gurbh é 91.5 kg (202 lb) meánmheáchan na gcreach a mharaigh tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole|bPáirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole]], i gcomparáid le 37.6 kg (83 lb) i gcás liopard agus 43.4 kg (96 lb) i gcás madraí fiáine Áiseacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;KaranthSunquist1995&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Sunquist, M. E.|date=1995}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a tháinig laghdú ar líon na gcreach i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri|bPáirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri]], lean tíogair orthu ag marú na gcreach ba mhó leo agus dhírigh liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha a n-ídiú ar chreacha beaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Is féidir le liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha araon a bheith ina gcónaí go rathúil i ngnáthóga tíogair fad a bhíonn a ndóthain bia agus clúdach fásra ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|journal=Ecological Research|date=2010|issn=0912-3814|pages=875–881|volume=25|issue=4|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|language=en|author=Odden, M.; Wegge, P. &amp; Fredriksen, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seachas sin, Is lú a nochtann an dá speiceas sin in áiteanna a mbíonn iliomad tíogar ann. Ba é téarnamh pobail na dtíogar i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Rajaji|bPáirc Náisiúnta Rajaji]] sna 2000idí is cúis le laghdú dlús pobail liopaird.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Responses of leopard Panthera pardus to the recovery of a tiger Panthera tigris population: Response of leopard to recovery of tiger|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2011|pages=806–814|volume=48|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B. &amp; Goyal, S. P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mhacasamhail a chonacthas in dhá áiteanna eile i lár na hIndia, áit a raibh tionachar diúltach ar mhéid phacaí madraí fiáine Áiseacha ag dlús pobail tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of Prey availability and Apex predator|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.7380|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=2045-7758|pmc=8093734|pmid=33976847|pages=4774–4785|volume=11|issue=9|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|language=en|author=Habib, B.; Nigam P.; Ghaskadbi P. &amp; Bhandari A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí baint ag rochtain ar chreacha agus easpa tíogair le dáileadh na liopard agus na madraí fiáine Áiseacha in Kui Buri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320712005149|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2013|pages=68–78|volume=163|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N. &amp; Chutipong, W.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jigme Dorji|bPáirc Náisiúnta Jigme Dorji]], chonacthas gur chuir tíogair fúthu i gcodanna doimhne na bhforaoisí fad a bhí na creachadóirí beaga brúite amach ar a n-imill.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (Panthera tigris) to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314337|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=119–125|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|language=en|author=Thinley, P.; Rajaratnam, R.; Lassoie, J. P.; Morreale, S. J.; Curtis, P. D.; Vernes, K.; Leki Leki; Phuntsho, S.; Dorji, T. &amp; Dorji, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Atáirgeadh agus saolré ===
[[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]
[[Cúpláil|Cúplálann]] an tíogar le linn na bliana ar fad go ginearálta agus idir mhí na Samhna agus mí Aibreáin ach go háirithe. Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna in éastras ar feadh thrí go sé lá san am deighilte de réir eatramh trí go naoi seachtaine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Cúplálann fireannaigh chónaitheacha leis na baineannaigh ar fad laistigh dá raon baile a léiríonn a ngabhálacht dó trí bhúireadh agus trí mharcáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 42&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 145.&lt;/ref&gt; Mealltar fireannaigh neamhchónaitheacha níos óige fosta, rud a chothaíonn troideanna ina díbríonn an fireannach cónaitheach an forghabhálaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger Panthera tigris in Rajasthan|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|date=1967|issn=0074-9664|pages=133–147|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|language=en|author=Sankhala, K. S.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; Bíonn an fireannach cúramach i dtaobh an bhaineannaigh go dtí go gcuireann sí a gabhálacht cúplála dó trí í féin a chur i [[lordóis]] lena heireaball ar leataobh. Maireann an [[Cúpláil|chúpláil]] níos lú ná 20 soicind de ghnáth nuair a bheireann an fireannach greim ar bhaic mhuiníl an bhaineannaigh. Nuair a chríochnaíonn siad, tarraingíonn an fireannach siar go gasta mar is féidir go gcasfadh an baineannach agus buille a thabhairt dó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; Féadfaidh péirí tíogar fanacht le chéile suas go ceithre lá agus cúplálfaidh siad scata uaireanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 148.&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann an [[tréimhse iompair]] thart ar nó thar thrí mhí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Beireann tíogar baineann in áit scoite, pé acu fásra dlúth, in uaibh nó faoi fhothain chloiche atá ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 45.&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn líon an áil chomh hard le seacht gcoileán ach is gnáiche dhá nó trí choileán.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Meánn coileáin nua-bheirthe 785–1,610 g (27.7–56.8 oz) agus tá siad dall agus neamhfhorbartha ([[Seanórthúileacht agus altramacht|altramach]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Líonn agus glanann an mháthair a coileáin, diúlann sí iad agus cosaíonn sí iad go fíochmhar ar aon bhagairtí féideartha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt; Osclaíonn coileáin a súile agus iad trí lá go ceithre lá dhéag d'aois agus éiríonn a radharc soiléir tar éis cúpla seachtain eile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Is féidir leo an láthair phluaise tar éis dhá mhí agus tosaíonn siad ag ithe feola thart ar an am chéanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 50–51.&lt;/ref&gt; Ní fhágann an mháthair ina n-aonar iad ach amháin agus í ag seilg agus fiú leis sin, ní théann sí i bhfad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 50.&lt;/ref&gt; Má cheapann sí nach bhfuil áit sábhailte a thuilleadh, bogann sí a coileáin go ceantar nua, á n-iompar coileán ar choileán le greim ar bhaic a muiníl lena béal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 51.&lt;/ref&gt; D'uasmhéadaigh tíogar baineann amháin i dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin an t-am a chaith sí lena coileán trí laghdú a dhéanamh ar mhéid a raoin bhaile, creach níos mó a mharú agus filleadh níos tapúla ar an phluais ná mar a dhéanfadh sí gan choileáin; nuair a thosaigh na coileáin ag ithe feola, thug sí chun na láithreacha maraithe iad, rud a d'optamaigh a gcosaint agus a rochtain ar bhia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|journal=Mammal Research|date=2020|issn=2199-2401|pages=245–253|volume=65|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|language=en|author=Petrunenko, Y. K.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. S.; Mukhacheva, A. S.; Rybin, N. N. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa tearmann chéanna, fuair coileán amháin de 21 choileán thar 8 mbliana monatóireachta agus níor athraigh an bhásmhaireacht pé acu óga fireanna nó baineanna a bhí ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12147|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2015-07|issn=1749-4877|pages=344–353|volume=10|issue=4|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|language=en|author=Hugh S. Robinson, John M. Goodrich, Dale G. Miquelle, Clayton S. Miller, Ivan V. Seryodkin|pmid=26096683}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh monatóireacht tíogair in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]] ráta marthanais thart ar 85% don 74 choileán fhireanna agus bhaineanna, mhéadaigh an ráta marthanais go 97% d'fhireannaigh agus do bhaineannaigh aon go dhá bhliain d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population in a semi-arid region of western India|url=https://bmczool.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|journal=BMC Zoology|date=2017|issn=2056-3132|volume=2|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|language=en|author=Sadhu, A.; Jayam, P. P. C.; Qureshi, Q.; Shekhawat, R. S.; Sharma, S. &amp; Jhala, Y. V.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cúiseanna básmhaireachta ab ea iad creachadóirí, tuillte, tinte, bás na máthar agus loit bháis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 51.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Temporal Variation in Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) Populations and its Implications for Monitoring|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2009|issn=0022-2372|pages=472–478|volume=90|issue=2|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; McDougal, C.; Smith, J. L. D.; Gurung, B.; Bhatta, S. R.; Kumal, S.; Mahato, B. &amp; Taman, D. B.|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;[[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]]
Tá na coileáin in ann a máthair a leanúint tar éis thart ar dhá mhí. Téann siad i bhfolach san fhásra nuair a sheilgeann sí fós. Cruthaíonn na hóga ceangail le chéile trí shúgradh troda agus cleachtadh stalcaireachta. Forbraíonn ordlathas laistigh den ál agus is é an coileán is mó, fireann de ghnáth, a mbíonn an smacht aige agus a itheann a sháith ag conablach ar dtús.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 61, 66–67.&lt;/ref&gt; Thart ar aois a ndá mhí a scoitheann na coileáin den chíoch agus a bhíonn níos mó saoirse acu a dtimpeallacht a imscrúdú. Idir ocht agus deich mí, tionlacann siad a máthair san fhiach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; Is féidir le coileáin creach a mharú chomh luath le 11 mhí agus a neamhspleáchas a bhaint amach mar óga idir 18 agus 24 mhí d'aois; baineann fireannaigh a neamhspleáchas amach níos luaithe ná baineannaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 270, 276.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt; Thosaigh tíogair a raibh coiléir raidió orthu in Chitwan ag fágáil a n-áiteanna breithe ag 19 mí d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; Baineann baineannaigh óga a [[lánfhástacht ghnéasach]] amach faoi thrí go ceithre bliana d'aois ach na fireannaigh faoi cheithre go cúig bliana d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá [[fad glúine]] an tíogair thart ar 7–10 mbliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Generation length for mammals|url=http://natureconservation.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1343|journal=Nature Conservation|date=2013|issn=1314-3301|pages=89–94|volume=5|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|author=Pacifici, M.; Santini, L.; Di Marco, M.; Baisero, D.; Francucci, L.; Grottolo Marasini, G.; Visconti, P. &amp; Rondinini, C.|bibcode=2013NaCon...5...89P}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann tíogair Bheangál fhiáine idir 12–15 bliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Survival strategy–Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|url=https://jad.lu.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.html|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|date=2023|issn=1026-2288|pages=43–54|volume=5|issue=3|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|language=en|author=Majumdar, A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thug sonraí an [[Leabhar graí|Leabhar Graí]] Tíogar Idirnáisiúnta 1938–2018 le fios gur mhair tíogair ghafa suas le 19 mbliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sex‐specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo‐housed tiger ( Panthera tigris ): The importance of sub‐species for conservation|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21610|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2021-07|issn=0733-3188|pages=320–329|volume=40|issue=4|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|language=en|author=Tidière, M.; Müller, P.; Sliwa, A.; Siberchicot, A. &amp; Douay, G.|pmid=33861886}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Níl ról ag an athair i dtógáil a áil ach buaileann sé leo agus déanann sé caidreamh leo. Tugann an fireannach cónaitheach cuairt ar na teaghlaigh bhaineannach-coileán laistigh dá raon baile. Buaileann siad le chéile agus roinneann siad conablaigh fiú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 59, 89.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 55–56.&lt;/ref&gt; Taifeadadh fireannach amháin a thug aire do choileáin dá bhfuair a máthair bás.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|teideal=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|údar=Pandey, G.|dáta=2011|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|dátarochtana=14 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cosaíonn an fireannach na baineannaigh agus na coileáin ar fhireannaigh eile agus é ag cosaint a raoin bhaile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 59.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a ghlacann fireannach nua seilbh ar raon baile, bíonn coileáin spleácha i mbaol an [[Naímharú|naímharaithe]] agus an fireannach ag iarraidh a óga féin a ghineadh leis na baineannaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 66.&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht staidéar seacht mbliana i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan gur mharaigh fireannaigh nua a chloígh raonta baile 12 de 56 choileán agus óga a raibh taifead orthu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;

=== Sláinte agus galair ===
Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. &amp; McAloose, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 thíogar fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. &amp; Kaufman, G. E.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bagairtí ==
Liostaítear an tíogar mar ainmhí [[Speiceas i mbaol|i mbaol]] ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD]] ón bhliain 1986 agus ceaptar gur laghdaigh pobal domhanda an tíogair go leanúnach ó phobal measta 5,000–8,262 thíogar sna 1990idí déanacha go 3,726–5,578 n-indibhid mheasta sa bhliain 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; I rith na mblianta 2001–2020, ísligh tírdhreacha ar a chónaíonn tíogair ó 1,025,488 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (395,943 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) go 911,901 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (352,087 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot; /&gt; [[Scriosadh gnáthóige]], [[ilroinnt gnáthóige]] agus [[póitseáil]] ar son fhionnaidh agus chodanna coirp is ea iad na bagairtí mhóra a chur le laghdú na bpobal tíogar i ngach tír dá raon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Tá láithreacha cosanta i lár na hIndia scartha go mór ó chéile mar gheall ar infreastruchtúr líneach cosúil le bóithre, iarnróid, [[Líne tharchuir|línte tharchuir]], cainéil [[Uisciú|uiscithe]] agus gníomhaíochtaí [[Mianadóireacht|miandóireachta]] ina ndúiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human‐dominated tiger‐conservation landscape|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.13909|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2022|issn=0888-8892|pmc=9545158|pmid=35288989|volume=36|issue=4|doi=10.1111/cobi.13909|language=en|author=Schoen, J. M.; Neelakantan, A.; Cushman, S. A.; Dutta, T.; Habib, B.; Jhala, Y. V.; Mondal, I.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reddy, P. A.; Saini, S. &amp; Sharma, S.|bibcode=2022ConBi..36E3909S}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Réigiún Tanintharyi]] na Malaeisia Theas, is iad [[dífhoraoisiú]] chomh maith le gníomhaíochtaí mianadóireachta agus brú sealgaireachta ard a bhagraíonn an pobal tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Surveys in southern Myanmar indicate global importance for tigers and biodiversity|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001393/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2017|issn=0030-6053|pages=13–13|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001393|language=en|author=Aung, S. S.; Shwe, N. M.; Frechette, J.; Grindley, M. &amp; Connette, G.|bibcode=2017Oryx...51...13A}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá naoi gcinn den 15 thearmann chosanta a bhfuil tíogair iontu iargúlta agus scartha ó chéile sa Téalainn, fíric a fhágann go bhfuil dóchúlacht scaipthe íseal idir eadarthu; níl tíogair le fáil i gceithre acu seo ó thart ar an bhliain 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Habitat connectivity for endangered Indochinese tigers in Thailand|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989421002687|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2021|pages=e01718|volume=29|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01718|language=en|author=Suttidate, N.; Steinmetz, R.; Lynam, A. J.; Sukmasuang, R.; Ngoprasert, D.; Chutipong, W.; Bateman, B. L.; Jenks, K. E.; Baker-Whatton, M.; Kitamura, S. &amp; Ziółkowska, E.|bibcode=2021GEcoC..2901718S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Glanadh 8,315.7 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (3,210.7 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) de ghnáthóg thíogair idir 1988–2012, an chuid is mó de ar mhaithe le plandálacha tionsclaíocha, sa Mhalaeisia leithinse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Expansion of Industrial Plantations Continues to Threaten Malayan Tiger Habitat|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/7/747|journal=Remote Sensing|date=2017|issn=2072-4292|pages=747|volume=9|issue=7|doi=10.3390/rs9070747|language=en|author=Shevade, V. S.; Potapov, P. V.; Harris, N. L. &amp; Loboda, T. V.|bibcode=2017RemS....9..747S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir faighte seilbhe talún ar an mhórchóir de thart ar 23,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (8,900 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ar mhaithe le [[talmhaíocht]] thráchtála agus baint adhmad sa Chambóid go mór le hilroinnt gnáthóige féidearthaí tíogair sna hOirmhachairí ach go háirithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Future governance options for large-scale land acquisition in Cambodia: Impacts on tree cover and tiger landscapes|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1462901118306300|journal=Environmental Science &amp; Policy|date=2019|pages=9–19|volume=94|doi=10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.031|language=en|author=Debonne, N.; van Vliet, J. &amp; Verburg, P.|bibcode=2019ESPol..94....9D}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is bagairt é an [[Ísliú ionphóraithe|t-ísliú ionphóraithe]] mar aon le scriosadh gnáthóige, easpa acmhainní creiche agus póitseáil do phobal tíogair beag iargúlta i [[Sléibhte Changbai]] feadh na teorann Síne–Rúise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12712|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2023|issn=1749-4877|pages=994–1008|volume=18|issue=6|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12712|language=en|author=Wang, D.; Smith, J. L.; Accatino, F.; Ge, J. &amp; Wang, T.|pmid=36881515}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba sprioc fheachtas 'fhrith-lotnaide' ar an mhórchóir iad tíogair sa tSín sna 1950idí luatha, áit a raibh gnáthóga cuí scartha ó chéile tar éis dífhoraoisithe agus athlonnaithe daoine a sheilg tíogair agus speicis chreiche mar aon go ceantair faoin tuath. Cé gur cuireadh cosc ar sheilg tíogair sa bhliain 1977, níor stop laghdú an phobail agus glactar leis gur díothaithe sa [[An tSín-Theas|tSín-Theas]] atá an tíogar ón bhliain 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis : field survey of priority tiger reserves|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605304000079/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2004|issn=0030-6053|pages=40–47|volume=38|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605304000079|language=en|author=Tilson, R.; Defu, H.; Muntifering, J. &amp; Nyhus, P. J.|bibcode=2004Oryx...38...40T}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris ssp. amoyensis|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15965/5334628|date=2008|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t15965a5334628.en|language=en|author=Nyhus, P.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|volume=2008|issue=e.T15965A5334628}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_jager_poseert_bij_de_huid_van_een_geschoten_tijger_bij_Kalitapakdoewoer_TMnr_10024166.jpg|alt=Tiger rug displayed on wall behind a man with a gun|mion|Seithe [[Tíogar Iávach|thíogair Iávaigh]], 1915]]
Is iad pobail thíogair na hIndia sprioc na bpóitseálaithe ó na 2990idí agus scriosadh na pobail in dhá thearmann tíogair sna blianta 2005 agus 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recovery of tigers in India: Critical introspection and potential lessons|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pan3.10177|journal=People and Nature|date=2021|issn=2575-8314|pages=281–293|volume=3|issue=2|doi=10.1002/pan3.10177|language=en|author=Jhala, Y.; Gopal, R.; Mathur, V.; Ghosh, P.; Negi, H. S.; Narain, S.; Yadav, S. P.; Malik, A.; Garawad, R. &amp; Qureshi, Q.|bibcode=2021PeoNa...3..281J}}&lt;/ref&gt; Braitheadh 630 gníomhaíochtaí sealgairí a d'úsáid súile ribe, sruthlíonta, ardáin sheilge agus madraí seilge i dtearmann foraoise 1000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (390 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) i ndeisceart na Malaeisia idir mhí an Mhárta 2017 agus mí Eanáir 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic pressure on large carnivores and their prey in the highly threatened forests of Tanintharyi, southern Myanmar|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605321001654/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=262–271|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0030605321001654|language=en|author=Shwe, N. M.; Grainger, M.; Ngoprasert, D.; Aung, S. S.; Grindley, M. &amp; Savini, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceapadh gurbh í [[Páirc Náisiúnta Nam Et-Phou Louey]] an áit thábhachtach dheireanach don tíogar i Laos ach níl taifead de ann ón bhliain 2013 ar a laghad; is cosúil gur íobartach na súile ribe neamhshrianta é an pobal seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam Et - Phou Louey|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419302392|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2019|pages=e00766|volume=20|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766|language=en|author=Rasphone, A.; Kéry, M.; Kamler, J. F. &amp; Macdonald, D. W.|bibcode=2019GEcoC..2000766R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain [[Aonad frithphóitseála|aonaid fhrithphóitseála]] i dtírdhreach [[Páirc Náisiúnta Kerinci Seblat|Kerinci Seblat]] Shumatra 362 shúil ribe tíogair agus ghabh siad 91 sheithe tíogair le linn 2005–2016; mhéadaigh rátaí bliantúla póitseála de réir mar a d'ardaigh praghas na seithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Asia's economic growth and its impact on Indonesia's tigers|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314581|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=105–109|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.011|language=en|author=Linkie, M.; Martyr, D.; Harihar, A.; Mardiah, S.; Hodgetts, T.; Risdianto, D.; Subchaan, M. &amp; Macdonald, D.|bibcode=2018BCons.219..105L}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is í an phóitseáil an bhagairt is mó atá roimh an phobal tíogair sa Rúis chianoirthearach, áit a n-éascaíonn bóithre lománaíochta rochtain do phóitseálaithe agus daoine atá ag baint táirgí atá tábhachtach chun go mbeidh speicis chreiche in ann maireachtáil tríd an gheimhreadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of a Vulnerable coniferous forest specialist: habitat selection by the Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001617/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2019|issn=0030-6053|pages=174–180|volume=53|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001617|language=en|author=Slaght, J. C.; Milakovsky, B.; Maksimova, D. A.; Zaitsev, V. A.; Seryodkin, I.; Panichev, A. &amp; Miquelle, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Braitheadh codanna coirp 207 dtíogar le linn 21 shuirbhé le linn 1991–2014 in dhá mhargaí fiadhúlra i Maenmar a fhreastalaíonn ar chustaiméirí sa Téalainn agus sa tSín.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trade in tigers and other wild cats in Mong La and Tachilek, Myanmar – A tale of two border towns|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714004121|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=1–7|volume=182|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.031|language=en|author=Nijman, V. &amp; Shepherd, C. R.|bibcode=2015BCons.182....1N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idir 2000–2022, [[Coigistíocht|coigistíodh]] ar a laghad 3,377 dtíogar in 2,205 ghabháil in 28 dtír; 665 thíogar bheo agus 654 indibhid mharbha, 1,313 sheithe iomlána, 16,214 chuid coirp cosúil le cnámha, fiacla, lapaí, crúba, guairí agus 1.1 t (1.1 tonnaí fada; 1.2 tonnaí gearra) feoil a bhí sna gabhálacha; chuimsigh 759 ngabháil san India codanna coirp 893 thíogar; agus bhain 403 ghabháil sa Téalainn le tíogair a phóraíodh i ngéibheann go príomha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|title=Skin and Bones: Tiger Trafficking Analysis from January 2000 – June 2022|author=Wong, R. &amp; Krishnasamy, K.|date=2022|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office|access-date=1 Márta 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117215040/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|archive-date=17 Eanáir 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuimsigh gabhálacha le linn Eanáir 2020 agus Meitheamh 2025 573 thíogar i measc 765 eachtra gabhála, ina measc sin 313 thíogar san India agus 127 dtíogar san Indinéis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|title=Beyond Skin and Bones: A 25-Year Analysis of Tiger Seizures from 2000 to June 2025. (Tuairisc)|author=Wong, R. &amp; Krishnasamy, K.|date=2025|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC|access-date=11 Feabhra 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260317011016/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|archive-date=17 Márta 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair gabhálacha sa Neipeal idir Eanáir 2011 agus Nollaig 2015 585 chuid coirp tíogair agus dhá chonablach iomlána in 19 gceantar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trends, patterns, and networks of illicit wildlife trade in Nepal: A national synthesis|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.247|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2020|issn=2578-4854|volume=2|issue=9|doi=10.1111/csp2.247|language=en|author=Paudel, P. K.; Acharya, K. P.; Baral, H. S.; Heinen, J. T. &amp; Jnawali, S. R.|bibcode=2020ConSP...2E.247P}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léiríonn sonraí gabhála ón India gurb iad seithí na dtíogar ar an chuid coirp is mó trádála, á leanúint ag crúba, cnámha agus fiacla le linn 2001–2021; chuaigh na bealaí gáinneála trí na stáit Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu agus Assam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The tide of tiger poaching in India is rising! An investigation of the intertwined facts with a focus on conservation|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|journal=GeoJournal|date=2022|issn=1572-9893|pmc=9005341|pmid=35431409|pages=753–766|volume=88|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|language=en|author=Nittu, G.; Shameer, T. T.; Nishanthini, N. K. &amp; Sanil, R.|bibcode=2023GeoJo..88..753N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Coigistíodh 292 chuid tíogair mhídhleathacha ag poirt iontrála SAM ó bhagáiste pearsanta, aerlasta agus phost idir 2003 agus 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Patterns of illegal and legal tiger parts entering the United States over a decade (2003–2012)|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.622|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2022|issn=2578-4854|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.1111/csp2.622|language=en|author=Khanwilkar, S.; Sosnowski, M. &amp; Guynup, S.|bibcode=2022ConSP...4E.622K}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá tóir mhór ar chodanna tíogair le haghaidh an [[Leigheas traidisiúnta Síneach|leighis thraidisiúnta Shínigh]] ar bhagairt ollmhór do phobail na dtíogar atá ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Van Uhm, D. P.|date=2016|title=The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)|pages=lgh. 224–226|publisher=Springer|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht agallaimh le muintir na háite i Sundarbans na Bainglaidéise go maraíonn siad tíogair le haghaidh ithe áitiúil agus trádáil na seithí, cnáimhe agus feola mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus ar mhaithe le fuadair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Who is killing the tiger Panthera tigris and why?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316000491/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=46–54|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316000491|language=en|author=Saif, S.; Rahman, H. T. &amp; MacMillan, D. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Itheann Banglaidéisigh shaibhre codanna coirp tíogair cosúil le seithí, cnámha, fiacla agus fionnadh go háitiúil agus gáinneáiltear go mídhleathach ón Bhainglaidéis go 15 thír ar nós na hIndia, na Síne, na Malaeisia, na Cóiré, Vítneam, na Cambóide, na Seapáine agus na Ríochta Aontaithe trí theorainneacha talún, aerfoirt agus calafoirt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers at a crossroads: Shedding light on the role of Bangladesh in the illegal trade of this iconic big cat|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.12952|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2023|issn=2578-4854|volume=5|issue=7|doi=10.1111/csp2.12952|language=en|author=Uddin, N.; Enoch, S.; Harihar, A.; Pickles, R. S. &amp; Hughes, A. C.|bibcode=2023ConSP...5E2952U}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gliú cnáimhe tíogair is ea an táirge tíogair is mó ceannaithe le haghaidh feidhmeanna leighis i [[Hanáí]] agus i [[Cathair Ho Chi Minh|gCathair Ho Chi Minh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An updated analysis of the consumption of tiger products in urban Vietnam|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419307449|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2020|pages=e00960|volume=22|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00960|language=en|author=Davis, E. O.; Willemsen, M.; Dang, V.; O'Connor, D. &amp; Glikman, J. A.|bibcode=2020GEcoC..2200960D}}&lt;/ref&gt; Póraíonn áiseanna &quot;feirm thíogair&quot; sa tSín agus in iardheisceart na hÁise tíogair le haghaidh a gcodanna coirp ach is cosúil gur measa an bhagairt do phobail fhiáine sa mhéid is go méadaíonn sé an t-éileamh atá ar tháirgí tíogair.&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/news/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesnt-explain-about-captive-tigers/|teideal=Captive Tigers Aren’t Conservation|údar=Henry, L.|dáta=2020|language=en-us|work=World Wildlife Fund|dátarochtana=19 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220001943/https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesn-t-explain-about-captive-tigers|archivedate=20 Feabhra 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bagairt eile in roinnt tíortha laistigh de raon an tíogair ná go maraíonn daoine áitiúla tíogair mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus beathú ar bheostoc, mar sin cuireann an toradh seo den [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra]] le hísliú an phobail fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Characterizing human–tiger conflict in and around Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2015|issn=1612-4642|pages=255–261|volume=61|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|language=en|author=Singh, R.; Nigam, P.; Qureshi, Q.; Sankar, K.; Krausman, P. R.; Goyal, S. P. &amp; Nicholoson, K. L.|bibcode=2015EJWR...61..255S}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ecopsychosocial Aspects of Human–Tiger Conflict: An Ethnographic Study of Tiger Widows of Sundarban Delta, India|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.4137/EHI.S24899|journal=Environmental Health Insights|date=2016|issn=1178-6302|pmc=4712980|pmid=26792997|pages=EHI.S24899|volume=10|doi=10.4137/EHI.S24899|language=en|author=Chowdhurym, A. N.; Mondal, R.; Brahma, A. &amp; Biswas, M. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Living with tigers Panthera tigris : patterns, correlates, and contexts of human–tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001587/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=55–65|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001587|language=en|author=Dhungana, R.; Savini, T.; Karki, J. B.; Dhakal, M.; Lamichhane, B. R. &amp; Bumrungsri, S.|bibcode=2018Oryx...52...55D}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Unraveling the complexity of human–tiger conflicts in the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acv.12591|journal=Animal Conservation|date=2020|issn=1367-9430|pages=741–749|volume=23|issue=6|doi=10.1111/acv.12591|language=en|author=Lubis, M. I.; Pusparini, W.; Prabowo, S. A.; Marthy, W.; Tarmizi; Andayani, N. &amp; Linkie, M.|bibcode=2020AnCon..23..741L}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Settlements and plantations are sites of human–tiger interactions in Riau, Indonesia|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605322000667/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=476–480|volume=57|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605322000667|language=en|author=Neo, W. H. Y.; Lubis, M. I. &amp; Lee, J. S. H.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caomhnú ==
{{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}}
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Tíogar na 21ú hAoise}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable floatright&quot;
|+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin
!Tír
!Bliain
!Meastachán
|-
| {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |3,167–3,682&lt;ref name=&quot;:28&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. &amp; Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority &amp; Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |573–600&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34) (Tuairisc)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum|údar=Global Tiger Forum and the Global Tiger Initiative Council|dáta=2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408150606/https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Indonesia}}[[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |393&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Nepal}}[[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |316–355&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC &amp; DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Thailand}}[[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |148–189&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Malaysia}}[[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |&lt;150&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Bhutan}}[[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |131&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Bangladesh}}[[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align=&quot;right&quot; |118–122&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|China}}[[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot;|&gt;60&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Myanmar}}[[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |28&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| '''Iomlán'''|| || align=&quot;right&quot; |'''5,638–5,899'''
|}
Cosaítear an tíogar go hidirnáisiúnta faoi [[CITES|Fhoscríbhinn I CITES]] a chuireann cosc ar thrádáil tíogar beo agus ar a gcodanna coirp.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Tá cosc ar sheilg an tíogair ón bhliain 1952 sa [[An Rúis|Rúis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 202.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé á chosaint sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] ón bhliain 1969 agus á chosaint ina iomlán ón bhliain 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;:30&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan (2018-2023): A landscape approach to tiger conservation (Tuairisc)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/doi/10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|date=2018|doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|language=en|author=Tandin, T.; Penjor, U.; Tempa, T.; Dhendup, P.; Dorji, S.; Wangdi, S. &amp; Moktan, V.|publisher=Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests.|location=Thimphu, an Bhútáin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tugtar an leibhéal cosanta is airde don tíogar san India faoi réir [[An tAcht um (Chosaint) Fiadhúlra, 1972 (India)|an tAcht um (Chosaint) Fiadhúlra, 1972]], ón bhliain sin ar aghaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Aryal, R. S.|date=2004|title=CITES Implementation in Nepal and India|journal=Law, Policy and Practice|location=Kathmandu|publisher=Bhrikuti Academic Publications. ISBN 99933-673-4-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé cosanta in [[Neipeal]] agus sa Bhainglaidéis ón bhliain 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt; Cosaítear go hiomlán ón bhliain 1976 ar aghaidh sa [[An Mhalaeisia|Mhalaeisia]] faoi réir an Achta um Chosaint Fiadhúlra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|title=The Malayan Tiger Conservation Programme (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers|date=2006|publisher=Kuala Lumpur: Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia|access-date=9 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409203438/https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|archive-date=9 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus d'ardaigh Acht um Chaomhnú Fiadhúlra na tíre sin a cuireadh i bhfeidhm sa bhliain 2010 na pionóis ar mhaithe le coireanna atá bainteach leis an fhiadhúlra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Tá sé cosanta san [[An Indinéis|Indinéis]] ón bhliain 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|title=Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) Indonesia 2007-2017. (PDF)|author=Ministry of Forestry|date=2007|publisher=Jakarta: Government of Indonesia|access-date=12 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923144656/https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|archive-date=23 Meán Fómhair 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireadh cosc ar thrádáil codanna coirp an tíogair i bhfeidhm sa [[An tSín|tSín]] sa bhliain 1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Transnational environmentalism and entanglements of sovereignty: The tiger campaign across the Himalayas|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629812000741|journal=Political Geography|date=2012|pages=408–418|volume=31|issue=7|doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.06.003|language=en|author=Yeh, E. T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireadh an tAcht um Chaomhnú agus Chosaint an Fhiadhúlra i bhfeidhm sa [[An Téalainn|Téalainn]] sa bhliain 2019 chun dul i ngleic le póitseáil agus trádáil na gcodanna coirp.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|teideal=The future of Panthera tigris in Thailand and globally|údar=Kampongsun, S.|dáta=2022|language=en|work=IUCN|foilsitheoir=IUCN|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519211154/https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|archivedate=19 Bealtaine 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bunaíodh an [[An tÚdarás Náisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Tíogair (India)|tÚdarás Náisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Tíogair]] agus [[Project Tiger (India)|''Project Tiger'']] san [[An India|India]] sa bhliain 1973 chun tacaíocht an phobail a chothú i leith chaomhnú an tíogair.&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot; /&gt; Ó shin i leith, bunaíodh 53 [[Tearmainn tíogair na hIndia|thearmann tíogair]] a chuimsíonn achar de 75,796 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (29,265 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tír go dtí an bhliain 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:28&quot; /&gt; Chuir na cuir chuige seo go mór le téarnamh na bpobal tíogair san India idir 2006 agus 2018 sa mhéid is go bhfaightear laistigh d'achar 138,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (53,400 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref /&gt;

Cuimsíonn straitéis náisiúnta caomhnaithe tíogair [[Maenmar|Mhaenmar]] a forbraíodh in 2003 tascanna bainistíochta ar nós athchóiriú gnáthóg dhíghrádaithe, méadú fairsingeacht na gceantar cosanta agus na gconairí fiadhúlra, cosaint speiceas creiche tíogair, bacadh maraithe tíogair agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp agus cur chun cinn eolas an phobail dhaonna le cláracha oideachais fiadhúlra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Developing a National Tiger Action Plan for the Union of Myanmar|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|journal=Environmental Management|date=2006|issn=0364-152X|pages=30–39|volume=37|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Khaing, S. T. &amp; Zaw, K. M.|pmid=16362487|bibcode=2006EnMan..37...30L}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain an chéad Phlean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair de chuid na Bútáine a cuireadh i bhfeidhm idir 2006–2015 le caomhnú gnáthóige, bainistíocht coinbhleachta daonna–fiadhúlra, oideachas agus feasacht an phobail; ba í cuspóir an dara Phlean Gníomhaíochta ná pobal tíogair na tíre a ardú 20% faoin bhliain 2023 i gcomparáid le 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;:30&quot; /&gt; Túsaíodh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Banglaidéise sa bhliain 2009 chun pobal tíogair na tíre a chobhsú, gnáthóg agus bunús creiche leordhóthanach a chaomhnú, forfheidhmiú an dlí a fheabhsú agus comhoibriú idir na gníomhaireachtaí rialtais atá freagrach as caomhnú an tíogair a chothú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Identifying landscape factors affecting tiger decline in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989418300350|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2018|pages=e00382|volume=13|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00382|language=en|author=Hossain, A. N. M.; Lynam, A. J.; Ngoprasert, D.; Barlow, A.; Barlow, C. G. &amp; Savini, T.|bibcode=2018GEcoC..1300382H}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shamhlaigh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Téalainne a [[Daingniú (Dlí)|daingníodh]] in 2010 go méadófaí pobail tíogair na tíre 50% in [[Ionad na Foraoise Iartharaí]] agus [[Ionad Foraoise Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai]] agus go n-athbhunófaí pobail i dtrí thírdhreach fhéideartha faoin bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962|title=Thailand Tiger Action Plan 2010–2022|author=Pisdamkham, C.; Prayurasiddhi, T.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Maneesai, R.; Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Simcharoen, A.; Pattanavibool, R.; Maneerat, S.; Prayoon, U.; Cutter, P. G. &amp; Smith, J. L. D.|date=2010|publisher=Bangkok: Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment|access-date=16 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145525/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962_Thailand_Tiger_Action_Plan_2010-2022|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba í cuspóir an Chláir Náisiúnta Athchóirithe Tíogair a daingníodh in 2010 san Indinéis ná pobal an tíogair Shumatraigh a mhéadú faoin bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Chandradewi, D. S.; Semiadi, G.; Pinondang, I.; Kheng, V. &amp; Bahaduri, L. D.|date=2019|title=A decade on: The second collaborative Sumatra-wide Tiger survey|journal=Cat News|volume=69|pages=41-42}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baineann an tríu plean gníomhaíochta agus straitéise um chaomhnú an tíogair Shumatraigh idir na blianta 2020–2030 le neartú bainistíochta na n-aonad pobal tíogair beag a bhfuil níos lú ná 20 indibhidí aibí iontu agus neartú na gceangal idir 13 cheapach foraoise sna cúigí [[Sumatra Thuaidh]] agus [[Sumatra Theas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|title=An Island-wide Status of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Principal Prey in Sumatra, Indonesia|author=Wibisono, H. T.|date=2021|publisher=(Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology). Delaware: University of Delaware|access-date=14 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505064621/https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Wild_Sumatran_tiger.jpg|alt=Night shot of a tiger face close to the camera|mion|Tíogar Sumatrach fiáin feicthe ag gaiste ceamara]]
Bhí baint ag méaduithe na bpatról frith-phóitseála i gceithre cheantar chosanta sa Rúis idir 2011–2014 le laghdú pótseála, cobhsú an phobail tíogair agus cur chun cinn chosaint a gcreach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) reserves|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12168|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2016|issn=1749-4877|pages=2–15|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12168|language=en|author=Hötte, M. H.; Kolodin, I. A.; Bereznuk, S. L.; Slaght, J. C.; Kerley, L. L.; Soutyrina, S. V.; Salkina, G. P.; Zaumyslova, O. Y.; Stokes, E. J. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.|pmid=26458501}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fógraíodh gur coireanna meánacha agus tromchúiseacha iad an phóitseáil agus an gháinneáil faoi seach sa bhliain 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Bunaíodh oibríochtaí frithphóitseála in Neipeal sa bhliain 2010 fosta, rud a chothaigh níos mó comhoibrithe agus roinnte faisnéise idir na gníomhaireachtaí. Bhí go leor bliain “gan phóitseáil ar bith” de bharr na bpolasaithe seo agus dhúbláil pobal tíogair na tíre laistigh de dheich mbliana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Patróil fhrith-phóitseála i gcroícheantar mór 1,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (460 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) [[Taman Negara]] ba chúis le laghdú minicíochta na póitseála ó 34 heachtra braite le linn 2015–2016 go 20 eachtra idir 2018–2019; chothaigh gabhadh seacht bhfoireann póitseála agus baint súile ribe maireachtáil trí thíogar bhaineanna chónaitheacha agus ar a laghad 11 choileán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Using a crime prevention framework to evaluate tiger counter-poaching in a Southeast Asian rainforest|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552|author=Lam, W. Y.; Phung, C. C.; Mat, Z. A.; Jamaluddin, H.; Sivayogam, C. P.; Zainal Abidin, F. A.; Sulaiman, A.; Cheok, M. K. Y.; Osama, N. A. W.; Sabaan, S.; Abu Hashim, A. K.; Booton, M. D.; Harihar, A.; Clements, G. R. &amp; Pickles, R. S. A.|bibcode=2023FrCS....413552L|pages=1213552}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imlonnaítear oifigigh airm agus póilíní le haghaidh patróil i dteannta bhaill foirne na gceantar cosanta sa Mhalaeisia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Is bearta caomhnaithe tábhachtacha iad [[conairí fiadhúlra]] mar éascaíonn siad ceangail na bpobal tíogair idir láithreacha cosanta; baineann tíogair feidhm as ar a laghad 9 gconaire a a bunaíodh I [[dTírdhreach Terai Arc]] agus [[Cnoic Sivalik]] in Neipeal agus san India araon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connecting tiger ( Panthera tigris ) populations in Nepal: Identification of corridors among tiger‐bearing protected areas|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.10140|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2023|issn=2045-7758|volume=13|issue=5|doi=10.1002/ece3.10140|language=en|author=Bhatt, T. R.; Castley, J. G.; Sims-Castley, R.; Bara, H. S. &amp; Chauvenet, A. L. M.|pmid=37261321|bibcode=2023EcoEv..1310140B}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá conairí i gceantair foraoise le cúngach daonna íseal fíorfheiliúnach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demographic and ecological correlates of a recovering tiger (Panthera tigris) population: Lessons learnt from 13-years of monitoring|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000632072030906X|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2020|pages=108848|volume=252|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108848|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B.; Ghosh-Harihar, M. &amp; Goodrich, J.|bibcode=2020BCons.25208848H}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Assessment of Habitat Suitability and Potential Corridors for Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Valmiki Tiger Reserve, India, Using MaxEnt Model and Least-Cost Modeling Approach|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|journal=Environmental Modeling &amp; Assessment|date=2024|issn=1420-2026|pages=405–422|volume=29|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|language=en|author=Rahaman, M. H.; Masroor, M.; Sajjad, H. &amp; Saha, T. K.|bibcode=2024EMdAs..29..405R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aithníodh go raibh tosaíocht ard ag 12 chonaire fiadhúlra in Sumatra Thiar chun an choinbhleacht dhaonna–fiadhúlra a laghdú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Priority Corridor Zone for Human-Tiger Conflict Mitigation: A Landscape Connectivity Approach in West Sumatra Region, Indonesia|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1617138123001723|journal=Journal for Nature Conservation|date=2023|pages=126501|volume=76|doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126501|language=en|author=Rahman, H.; Hidayat, R. H.; Nofrizal, A. Y.; Wilastra, I. &amp; Nasution, A. F. R.|bibcode=2023JNatC..7626501R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shínigh an tSín agus an Rúis [[meabhrán tuisceana]] le haghaidh comhoibrithe trasteorann idir dhá cheantar chosanta, [[Páirc Náisiunta Tíogair agus Liopaird Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Thír an Liopaird]], a chuir cruthú conairí fiadhúlra agus monatóireacht agus patróil déthaobhach thar an teorainn Shín-Rúiseach san áireamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|title=Evaluation of the project on transboundary cooperation on the conservation of Amur tigers, Amur leopards and Snow leopards in North-East Asia (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Paudyal, B. N.|date=2023|publisher=Bangkok, An Téalainn: Coimisiún Eacnamaíoch agus Sóisialta na Náisiún Aontaithe don Áise agus don Aigéin Chiúin|access-date=7 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407175636/https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|archive-date=7 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scaoileadh tíogair faidhbe agus coileáin tíogair dhílleachta saor san fhiántas agus rinneadh monatóireacht orthu san India, i Sumatra agus sa Rúis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:29&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|title=Home range and movements of male translocated problem tigers in Sumatra (PDF)|author=Priatna, D.; Santosa, Y.; Prasetyo, L. B. &amp; Kartono, A. P.|date=2012|pages=1 (1): 20–30|publisher=Asian Journal of Conservation Biology|access-date=21 Mí na Samhna 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115172018/http://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|archive-date=15 Mí na Samhna 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoration of the Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) Population in the Northwest of Its Distribution Area|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1062359021080239|journal=Biology Bulletin|date=2021|issn=1062-3590|pages=1401–1423|volume=48|issue=8|doi=10.1134/S1062359021080239|language=en|author=Rozhnov, V. V.; Naidenko, S. V.; Hernandez–Blanco, J. A.; Chistopolova, M. D.; Sorokin, P. A.; Yachmennikova, A. A.; Blidchenko, E. Yu.; Kalinin, A. Yu. &amp; Kastrikin, V. A.|bibcode=2021BioBu..48.1401R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá [[Athbhunú éiceolaíochta|athbhunú gnáthóige]] agus [[Athbhunú speicis|athbhunú]] speiceas creiche i measc na n-ullmhúchán atá ar siúl i dTearmann Dúlra Ile-Balkash na Casacstáine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoring Asia’s roar: Opportunities for tiger recovery across the historic range|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340|author=Gray, T. N.; Rosenbaum, R.; Jiang, G.; Izquierdo, P.; Yongchao, J .I. N.; Kesaro, L.; Lyet, A.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Patterson, D. J.; Channa, P.; Jinzhe, Q. I.; Ripple, W. J.; Roberts, J. L.; Roy, S.; Shwe, N. M.; Wolf, C. &amp; Chapman, S.|bibcode=2023FrCS....424340G|pages=1124340}}&lt;/ref&gt; Glactar leis go bhfuil athbhunú tíogair indéanta in oirthear na Cambóide fad a gcuirfear feabhas ar bhainistíocht na gceantar cosanta agus a gcobhsófar caillteanas foraoise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A framework for assessing readiness for tiger Panthera tigris reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|date=2017|issn=0960-3115|pages=2383–2399|volume=26|issue=10|doi=10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|language=en|author=Gray, T. N. E.; Crouthers, R.; Ramesh, K.; Vattakaven, J.; Borah, J.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Lim, T.; Phan, C.; Singh, R.; Long, B. &amp; Chapman, S.|bibcode=2017BiCon..26.2383G}}&lt;/ref&gt; Coimeádtar agus póraítear tíogair na Síne Theas i zúanna Síneacha agus pleanáltar go n-athbhunófar a n-óga isteach i gceantair cosanta iargúlta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot; /&gt; Chinntigh [[Clár póraithe|cláir phóraithe]] i measc [[Zú|zúanna]] go bhfuil éagsúlacht ghéiniteach dhóthanach i measc na dtíogar a fheidhmeodh mar “árachas i gcoinne díothú san fhiántas.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caidreamh le daoine ==
[[File:ElephantbackTigerHunt.jpg|thumb|Sealgaireacht tíogair ar muin eilifinte san India, 1808|alt=Dearadh de dhaoine ag fiach tíogar ar muin eilifinte]]
=== Sealgaireacht ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{Main|Sealgaireacht tíogair}}
Bhí sé de nós ag daoine daonna a bheith ag fiach na dtíogar leis na mílte bliain mar a léiríonn múrdhathanna ar [[Fothanacha Cloiche Bhimbetka|Fhothanacha Cloiche Bhimbetka]] san India a dátaíodh go 5,000–6,000 bliain ó shin. Seilgeadh fud fad a raonta san Áise iad, áit a mbíodh daoine sa tóir orthu ar muin capaill, ar muin eilifinte nó fiú le sleamhnán madraí sula marófaí le sleánna agus níos déanaí le hairm thine iad. Ba iad rialtais Áiseacha agus impireachtaí cosúil le [[hImpireacht na Mógal|hImpireacht na Mógal]] chomh maith le coilínigh Eorpacha a rinne na fiacha seo. Ba mhinic a seilgeadh tíogair mar [[sealgaireacht comhraimh|comhraimh]] agus mar gheall ar an chontúirt a shíleadh a bheith leo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 187–200.&lt;/ref&gt; Meastar gur 80,000 tíogar a maraíodh idir 1875 agus 1925.&lt;ref&gt;Kothari, A. S.; Chhapgar, B. S.; Chhapgar, B. F., eds. (2005). &quot;The Manpoora Tiger (about a Tiger Hunt in Rajpootanah)&quot;. The Treasures of Indian Wildlife. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 22–27. ISBN 0-19-567728-5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 193.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ionsaithe ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{main|Ionsaí tíogair}}
[[File:Sundarban Tiger.jpg|thumb|Tíogar Bheangál sna [[Sundarban]]s|alt=Tíogar ina sheasamh ar bhruach corcach mhangróbh]]
Seachnaíonn tíogair daoine de ghnáth i bhformhór na gceantar a fhaightear iad, ach tá baol ionsaithe ann i gcónaí áit ar bith a gcómhaireann daoine leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;Nyhus, P. J. &amp; Tilson, R. (2010). &quot;Panthera tigris vs Homo sapiens: Conflict, coexistence, or extinction?&quot; in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010}}, lgh. 125–142.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Human–tiger conflict: A review and call for comprehensive plans|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2010|issn=1749-4877|pages=300–312|volume=5|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.|pmid=21392348}}&lt;/ref&gt; Casann daoine agus tíogair ar a chéile go contúirteach níos minice i ngnáthóga [[éifeachtaí imill|imill]] idir ceantair fhiáine agus ceantair thalmhaíochta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt; Is cosantach a bhíonn na hionsaithe, cosaint na n-óg san áireamh, ar dhaoine den chuid is mó; feictear daoine mar fhoinse chreiche uaireanta, áfach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt; Bíonn tíogair [[Ainmhí daoiniteach#Tíogair|dhaoiniteacha]] sean agus faoi mhíchumas de ghnáth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Má ruaigtear tíogair dá raonta baile, tá an baol ann go mbeidh orthu daoine a ithe fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 108–110.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí an [[Tíogar Champawat]] freagrach as báis níos mó ná 430 duine sa Neipeal agus san India sular scaoil [[Jim Corbett]] í.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 276.&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhulaing an tíogar baineann seo le fiacla briste agus ní raibh sé ar a cumas a gnáthchreach a mharú. Measann údair nua-aimseartha gur chuir a chothú ar fheoil dhaonna ghann iachall uirthi níos mó agus níos mó daoine a mharú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh.&amp;#x20;73–74.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí líon na n-ionsaithe tíogar i Singeapór sách ard i lár na 19ú hAois nuair a leath plandálacha isteach i ngnáthóg an tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=People in Peril, Environments at Risk: Coolies, Tigers, and Colonial Singapore's Ecology of Poverty|url=http://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|journal=Environment and History|date=2016|issn=0967-3407|pages=455–482|volume=22|issue=3|doi=10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|language=en|author=Powell, M. A.|bibcode=2016EnHis..22..455P|jstor=24810674}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn na 1840idí, bhí líon na mbás sa cheantar idir 200 go 300 go bliantúil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 274.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ionsaithe tíogar sna Sundarbans]] ba chúis le bás 1,396 duine sa tréimhse idir 1935–2006 dar le taifid oifigiúla [[Roinn Foraoise (An Bhanglaidéis)|Roinn Foraoise na Banglaidéise]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Profiling tigers (Panthera tigris) to formulate management responses to human-killing in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=http://www.socpvs.org/journals/index.php/wbp/article/view/10.2461-wbp.2013.9.6|journal=Wildlife Biology in Practice|date=2013-09-30|issn=1646-2742|volume=9|issue=2|doi=10.2461/wbp.2013.9.6|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C.; Ahmad, I. &amp; Smith, J. L.|pages=30-39}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba mhuintir na sráidbhailte áitiúla iad na híobartaigh seo a chuaigh isteach i ndúiche an tíogair chun acmhainní ar nós meala nó adhmad a bhailiú. Gnáthíobartach ab ea an t-iascaire. Bhí go leor bealaí ag daoine chun dul i ngleic le hionsaithe na dtíogar i gcaitheamh na mblianta, ina measc siúd mascanna aghaidh a caitheadh droim ar ais, éadaigh chosanta, bataí agus dumaí leictreacha a lonnaíodh go cúramach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 111–113.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Géibheann ===
{{Il-íomhánna
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|image1=Clean Toes are a Tiger's Friend (15588882074).jpg 
|caption1=Tíogar ag [[Big Cat Rescue]] in 2014
|image2=Ringling Bros and Barnum &amp; Bailey Circus Gunther Gebel-Williams 1969.jpg 
|caption2=Grianghraf poiblíochta den traenálaí ainmhí [[Gunther Gebel-Williams]] le roinnt dá thíogar traenáilte, {{circa}} 1969.
|alt=Tíogar taobh thiar d'fhál (ar barr) agus grianghraf dubh-agus-bán d'fhear ar a ghlúine os comhair sé thíogar atá ina luí le lucht féachana sorcais sa chúlra}}


Coimeádadh tíogair i ngéibheann ó bhí an chianaois ann. Cuireadh tíogair ar taispeáint in [[Amfaitéatar|amfaitéatair]]; maraíodh le linn [[Venatio|sealgaireachta]] agus baineadh úsáid astu chun [[Damnatio ad bestias|príosúnaigh a mharú]].&lt;ref&gt;Manfredi, P. &quot;The Tiger in the Ancient World&quot; in {{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 173&lt;/ref&gt; Tuairiscítear gur choimeád an rialtóir Mongólach [[Kublai Khan]] tíogair sa 13ú hAois. Coimeádadh tíogair i [[Cuibhreann ainmhithe fiáine|gcuibhrinn ainmhithe fiáine]] Eorpacha ag tosú sa [[An Mheánaois|Mheánaois]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 179-180.&lt;/ref&gt; Baineadh feidhm as tíogair agus ainmhithe coimhthíocha eile chun aíocht a chur ar fáil don scothaicme go príomha agus ansin ón 19ú hAois ar aghaidh, is mó a cuireadh ar taispeáint don phobal iad. Tá tíogair an-tarraingteach mar thaispeántais agus chuaigh a bpobail i ngéibhinn in airde go mór.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 126–130.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí níos mó ná 8,000 tíogar ghafa san Áise, thart ar 5,000 sna SAM agus ar a laghad 850 san Eoraip sa bhliain 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|teideal=EU’s ‘unlikely’ role in global tiger trade revealed in new WWF, TRAFFIC report|údar=Ciste Domhanda an Fhiadhúlra (WWF)|dáta=2020|language=en|work=tigers.panda.org|dátarochtana=6 Meitheamh 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119155811/https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|archivedate=19 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá níos mó tíogar i ngéibheann ná mar atá san fhiántas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir go dtaispeánfaidh tíogair i ngéibheann [[Steiréitíopacht (neamhdhaonna)|iompar neamhghnách]] cosúil le siúl síos suas agus neamhghníomhaíocht. Is féidir le zúanna nua-aimseartha na hiompair seo a laghdú le taispeántáin a dearadh le gur féidir leis na hainmhithe bogadh idir imfháluithe atá scartha ach nasctha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Effects of a modern exhibit design on captive tiger welfare|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21746|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2023|issn=0733-3188|pages=371–382|volume=42|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21746|language=en|author=Smith, K. D.; Snider, R. J.; Dembiec, D. P.; Siegford, J. M. &amp; Ali, A. B.|pmid=36478300}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá earraí cothaithe tábhachtach chun leasa na gcat fosta agus chun spreagtha a n-iompar nádúrtha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of intrinsic enrichment on captive felids|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21361|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2017|issn=0733-3188|pages=186–192|volume=36|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21361|language=en|author=Damasceno, J.; Genaro, G.; Quirke, T.; McCarthy, S.; McKeown, S. &amp; O'Riordan, R.|pmid=29165868}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D’imir tíogair ról faoi leith i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus taispeántais bheo eile. Bhí iliomad ceansaitheoir tíogair le feicieáil i dtaispeántais na [[Ringling Bros. and Barnum &amp; Bailey Circus|Ringling Bros]] sa 20ú hAois, ina measc [[Mabel Stark]] a raibh tarraingt mhór agus gairm fhada aici. Bhí clú uirthi as a bheith in ann smacht a chur ar na tíogair cé gur bhean bheag a bhí inti; a bhain úsaid as uirlisí “na bhfear” cosúil le fuipeanna agus gunnaí. Ceansaitheoir eile ab ea [[Clyde Beatty]] a d’úsáid cathaoireacha, fuipeanna agus gunnaí chun tíogair agus ainmhithe eile a spreagadh chun iompair fhiáin a lig dó cuma na crógachta a bheith air. Bheadh sé ar an ardán le suas le 40 tíogar agus leon in aon thaispeántas amháin. Bhainfeadh traenálaithe cosúil le [[Gunther Gebel-Williams]] úsáid as modhanna níos séimhe chun smacht a chur ar na hainmhithe ó na 1960idí ar aghaidh. Baisteadh “Cogarnach na dTíogar” ar [[Sara Houcke]] mar thraenáil sí na cait chun éisteachta léi agus í ag cogarnaíl dóibh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 202–204.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain [[Siegfried &amp; Roy]] clú amach in [[Las Vegas]] as taispeántais a chur ar siúl le tíogair bhána. Tháinig deireadh lena dtaispeántais in 2003 nuair a d’ionsaigh tíogar Roy le linn léirithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 140–141.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba iad tíogair an t-ainmhí is mó trádála i measc na n-ainmhithe sorcais.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Are wild animals suited to a travelling circus life?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728600000270/type/journal_article|journal=Animal Welfare|date=2009|issn=0962-7286|pages=129–140|volume=18|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0962728600000270|language=en|author=Iossa, G.; Soulsbury, C. D. &amp; Harris, S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuaigh úsáid na dtíogar agus ainmhithe eile in éag in go leor tíortha mar gheall ar bhrú ó ghrúpaí [[cearta ainmhithe]] agus toil an phobail iad a fheiceáil laistigh de shuíomhanna níos nádúrtha. Chuir roinnt tíortha [[Cosc ar ainmhithe sorcais|cosc nó srian]] ar thaispeántais den chineál seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 204–205.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá an-tóir ar thíogair i ngnó na [[Peata coimhthíoch|bpeataí coimhthíocha]] go háirithe sna Stáit Aontaithe,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 214.&lt;/ref&gt; áit nach bhfuil ach 6% de phobal na dtíogar i ngéibheann i zúanna agus in ionaid fhaofa eile an [[An Cumann um Zúanna agus Uisceadáin|Chumainn um Zúanna agus Uisceadáin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt; Glactar leis go bhfuil bailitheoirí príobháideacha droch-fheistithe chun an aire cheart a thabhairt do thíogair, rud a chuireann as dá leas. Is féidir leo sábháilteacht an phobail a chur i mbaol fosta má ligeann siad do dhaoine caidreamh a dhéanamh leo..&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt; Cuireadh cosc air tíogair agus cait mhóra eile a bheith ag daoine príobháideacha sna SAM sa bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|title=June 18 Deadline for Compliance With Big Cat Public Safety Act|author=U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service|date=2023|publisher=U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service|access-date=20 Feabhra 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220231426/https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|archive-date=20 Feabhra 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir formhór thíortha an Aontais Eorpaigh cosc ar phórú tíogair agus ar thíogair a bheith ag daoine lasmuigh de zúanna agus ionaid tharrthála ceadúnaithe ach ceadaíonn roinnt acu bailiúcháin phríobháideacha fós.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|title=Guidance Document on the export, re-export and intra-EU trade of captive-born and bred live tigers and their parts and derivatives (Tuairisc)|author=European Commission|date=2023|access-date=6 Meitheamh 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217230241/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|archive-date=17 Nollaig 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tábhacht chultúrtha ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{main|Íomhánna cultúrtha tíogar}}
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Adhradh tíogair}}
[[File:Bronze Tiger Tally &quot;Jie&quot; with Gold Inlay from Tomb of Zhao Mo.jpg|thumb|right|''Jie'' (suaitheantas an údaráis) de chruth an tíogair le hór iontlaise, ó thuama [[Zhao Mo]]|alt=Suaitheantas de thíogar dubh le stríoca órga]]
Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is cáiliúla ar domhan. Thug [[Kailash Sankhala]] “meascán annamh de mhisneach, d’fhíochmhaireacht agus de dhathúlacht iontach” air agus deir Candy d'Sa go bhfuil sé “fíochmhar agus ceannasach ar an taobh amuigh, ach uasal agus géarchúiseach ar an taobh istigh”. Ghlac níos mó ná 50,000 duine as 73 thír páirt i bpobalbhreith ar líne sa bhliain 2004; dúradh gurb é an tíogar an t-ainmhí is fearr leis an domhan le 21% de na vótaí,  cé gur ar éigean ar chuir sé ruaig ar an mhadra. Fuair staidéar in 2018 amach gurb é an t-ainmhí fiáin is mó tóire ar an bhealach chéanna bunaithe ar shuirbhéanna, ar thaispeántais ar shuíomhanna gréasáin mhórzúanna agus ar phóstaeir roinnt scannáin bheochana.

Díreach mar a chuir an leon ríogacht agus cumhacht in iúl i [[Cultúr an Iarthair|gcultúr an Iarthair]], is amhlaidh a rinne an tíogar i [[Cultúr na hÁise|gcultúir éagsúla na hÁise]]. D’fhéach an tSín ársa ar an tíogar mar “rí na foraoise” agus ba é siombal chumhacht an [[Impire na Síne|impire]]. Is é an tíogar an tríú shiombal den 12 shiombal sa [[stoidiaca Síneach]] a bhfuil smacht ar an tréimhse idir 15:00 agus a 17:00 a chlog um thráthnóna aige san [[astralaíocht Shíneach]]. Ceaptar go dtugann [[Tíogar (stoidiaca)|Bliain an Tíogair]] “imeachtaí dramatúla agus míchuibhseacha” léi. Ta an [[Tíogar Bán (miotaseolaíocht)|Tíogar Bán]] ar cheann de [[Ceithre Shiomba|Cheithre Shiombal]] na [[Réaltbhuíonta Síneacha]] a sheasann don iarthar agus don [[Yin agus yang|yin]] chomh maith le séasúr an Fhómhair. Macasamhail an [[Dragan Gormghlas|Dragain Ghormghlais]] atá ann a sheasann don oirthear, yang agus séasúr an Earraigh. Ta an tíogar ar cheann de na hainmhithe a léirítear ar [[Séala Pashupati|shéala Pashupati]] [[Sibhialtacht Ghleann na hIondúise|Shibhialtacht Ghleann na hIondúise]]. Taispeánadh an tíogar ar shéalaí agus ar bhoinn nuair a bhí [[ríshliocht Chola]] i réim i ndeisceart na hIndia óir gurbh é a suaitheantas oifigiúil.
[[File:Durga Mahisasuramardini.JPG|thumb|upright|left|An bandia Hiondúch [[Durga]] ag marcaíocht ar thíogar. Scoil [[Ceannasaíocht Fine Guler|Guler]], 18ú hAois luath|alt=Dearadh de bhandia a bhfuil ocht lámh uirthi ag marcaíocht ar thíogar atá ag baint greim de dheamhan buabhaill]]

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Lá Idirnáisiúnta an Tíogair]]
* [[Liosta na gCat is mó]]
* [[Tiger Temple]]
* [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Leabharliosta ==
* {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}}
* {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}}
* {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}}
* {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}}
* {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}}
* {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}}

{{síol ainmhí}}
[[Catagóir:Tíogair]]
[[Catagóir:Cait]]</text>
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      <comment>/* Tábhacht chultúrtha */ Tá gach rud aistrithe anois. Níl ach corrthagairt le cur leis fós agus rachaidh mé tríd ag faire ar fhág mé aon bhotúin litrithe laistigh den téacs a d'uaslódáil mé.</comment>
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[[File:A walk with the Tigress.webm|thumb|right|tíogar]]
Is cat mór é an '''tíogar''' ('''''Panthera tigris''''')&lt;ref name=&quot;Tearma&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Panthera%20tigris/|title=“Panthera tigris” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot; /&gt; ar ball é den ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' a thagann ón [[An Áise|Áise]] ó dhúchas. Tá corp láidir matánach aige a bhfuil ceann agus lapaí móra, eireaball fada agus fionnadh flannbhuí le stríoca dubha atá ceartingearach don chuid is mó air. Rangaítear in naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] [[Holaicéineach|reatha]] é go traidisiúnta cé nach n-aithníonn roinnt daoine agus eagraíochtaí ach an dá fhospeiceas, tíogair na mórthíre Áisí agus tíogair oileáin na [[Oileáin Sunda|nOileán Sunda]].

Cuireann an tíogar faoi i bhforaoisí den chuid is mó, idir [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]] agus [[Cónaiféar|buaircíneach]] i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]] agus [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|foraoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fothrópaiceacha]] i [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus in [[Oirdheisceart na hÁise]]. Is [[buaicchreachadóir]] é an tíogar a chreachann [[Crúbach|crúbaigh]] roimh a ndéanann sé luíochán go príomha. Bíonn saol aonarach aige go hiondúil agus bíonn [[raon baile]] aige a chosnaíonn sé ar indibhidí den ghnéas chéanna. Cuimsíonn raon baile an fhireannaigh raoin go leor baineannach lena chúplálann sé. De ghnáth, beireann baineannaigh idir dhá agus trí choileán a fhanann lena máthair ar feadh dhá bhliain. Fágann na coileáin seo raon baile a máthar agus bunaíonn siad a raon féin nuair a bhíonn siad neamhspleách.

Ó bhlianta luatha na fichiú haoise, is in ísle a ndeachaigh raon dáilte na dtíogar agus ar a laghad 93% dá raon stairiúil caillte acu; tá siad [[Díothú áitiúil|díothaithe go háitiúil]] in [[Iarthar na hÁise|Iarthar]] agus i [[Lár na hÁise]] agus i gcodanna móra na [[An tSín|Síne]] chomh maith leis na hoileáin [[Iáva]] agus [[Bailí]]. Tá raon an tíogair scoilte go dona sa lá atá inniu ann. Liostaítear mar [[Speiceas i mbaol (Stádas AICD)|speiceas i mbaol]] é ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD de Speicis i mBaol]] mar meastar gur laghdaigh a raon idir 53% go 68% ó bhí na 1990idí déanacha ann. Tá go leor bagairtí móra ag cur le stádas reatha na dtíogar idir [[Scriosadh gnáthóige|scriosadh]] agus [[Ilroinnt gnáthóige|ilroinnt a ngnáthóige]] mar gheall ar [[Dífhoraoisiú|dhífhoraoisiú]], [[póitseáil]] ar son a bhfionnaidh agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp ar mhaithe le cúrsaí leighis. Is íobartaigh na [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|coinbhleachta daonna-fiadhúlra]] iad na tíogair fosta mar ionsaíonn agus creachann siad an beostoc i gceantair nach bhfuil mórán creach nádúrtha le fáil iontu. Tá cosaint dhlíthiúil ag an tíogar in chuile thír laistigh dá raon dáilte. Cuimsíonn cuir chuige náisiúnta pleananna gníomhaíochta, [[patróil fhrith-phóitseála]] agus scéimeanna monatóireachta líon na dtíogar. Bunaíodh [[Conair fhiadhúlra|conairí fiadhúlra]] i gcuid mhaith de na tíortha laistigh dá raon agus tá athbhunú tíogar pleanáilte iontu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15955/214862019|date=2021-12-15|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t15955a214862019.en|language=en|author=Goodrich, J., Wibisono, H., Miquelle, D., Lynam, A.J., Sanderson, E., Chapman, S., Gray, T.N.E., Chanchani, P. &amp; Harihar, A.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|publisher=IUCN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[Mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is mó a bhfuil tóir air ar fud an domhain. Bhíodh an tíogar i ngéibheann ón chéad lá riamh agus traenáladh é chun seónna a chur ar fáil i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus cláracha siamsaíochta eile. Chonacthas an tíogar go forleathan i [[miotaseolaíocht]] agus i [[Béaloideas|mbéaloideas]] ársa na gcultúr fud fad a raon stairiúil agus [[Léirithe cultúrtha an tíogair|chonacthas fós i gcultúr]] ar fud an domhain é sa lá atá inniu ann. 

== Sanasaíocht ==
Síolraíonn an [[Seanbhéarla]] ''tigras'' ón [[Seanfhraincis|tSeanfhraincis]] ''tigre'', ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]] ''tigris'', ar iasacht é de ''tigris'' ([[An tSean-Ghréigis|Sean-Ghréigis]]: τίγρις).&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Liddell, H. G. &amp; Scott, R. (Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie eag.)|date=1940|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dti%2Fgris|title=&quot;τίγρις&quot;.|journal=A Greek-English Lexicon|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|accessdate=21 Feabhra 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ón aimsir ársa, meastar go síolraíonn an focal ''tigris'' ón fhocal [[An Airméinis|Arméiniseach]] nó [[An Pheirsis|Pheirsiseach]] ar 'saighead' ar féidir leis a bheith ina bhunús d'ainm abhainn na [[An Tígris|Tigrise]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Varro, M. T.; Kent, R. G.|date=1938|url=https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/96/mode/2up|title=&quot;De lingua latina&quot; [On the Latin Language]|journal=&quot;XX. Ferarum vocabula&quot; [XX. The names of wild beasts]|pages=lgh. 94-97|publisher=W. Heinemann|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Naming the Tiger in the Early Modern World|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26560471|journal=Renaissance Quarterly|date=2017|issn=0034-4338|pages=977–1006|volume=70|issue=3|author=David Thorley|doi=10.1086/693884. JSTOR 26560471}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa lá atá inniu ann, áfach, glactar leis gur [[comhainm]] atá iontu agus nach bhfuil gaol ar bith ann idir ainm an ainmhí agus na habhann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tacsanomaíocht ==
Rinne an luibheolaí Sualannach [[Carl von Linné]] an chéad chur síos eolaíoch ar an tíogar ina shaothar ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', áit a bhaist sé an [[Ainmníocht dhéthéarmach|t-ainm déthéarmach]] ''Felis tigris'' air, mar ba ghnách an géineas ''Felis'' a úsáid le haghaidh na gcat uilig ag an am. Bunaítear an [[cur síos eolaíoch]] ar chuir síos a rinne nádúraithe níos luaithe amhail [[Conrad Gessner]] agus [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot;&gt;{{luaigh foilseachán|author=Linnaeus, C.|year=1758|title=[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up &quot;Felis tigris&quot;] Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|volume=Tomus I|location=Holmiae|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|language=la|issue=decima, reformata|pages=lch. 41}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is in 1929 a chuir [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] an speiceas sa ghéineas ''[[Panthera]]'' faoin ainm dhéthéarmach ''Panthera tigris''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1929|title=Tigers|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=33|issue=3|pages=lgh. 505–541|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Fospeiceas ===
{{Anchor|Pobail}}Moladh naoi [[Fospeiceas|bhfospeiceas]] tíogar reatha ([[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Holaicéineach]]) idir luathbhlianta na 19ú hAois agus na 21ú hAois agus is iad sin na tíogair [[tíogar Bheangál|Bheangál]], [[Tíogar Malaech|Mhalaecha]], [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach|Ind-Síneacha]], [[Tíogar na Síne Theas|na Síne Theas]], [[Tíogar Amúrach|Amúracha]], [[Tíogar Caispeach|Chaispeacha]], [[Tíogar Iávach|Iávacha]], [[Tíogar Bailí|Bhailí]] agus [[Tíogar Sumatrach|Shumatracha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MSW3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[W. Chris Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]]|date=2005|title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference|issue=3|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.|pages=lch. 546|coauthors=[http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000259 &quot;Species ''Panthera tigris''&quot;] In [[Don E. Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eag.)|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&amp;pg=PA546}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Wilting2015/&gt; Ceistíodh [[Bailíocht ainmnithe (zó-eolaíocht)|bailíocht]] cuid mhaith de na fospeicis seo sa bhliain 1999 mar bhí sé de nós an tráth sin idirdhealú a dhéanamh bunaithe ar dhath agus fhaid an fhionnaidh, patrúin stríoca agus méid na n-eiseamlár i mbailiúcháin [[Iarsmalann stair an dúlra|iarsmalanna stair an dúlra]] ar féidir nach n-ionadaíonn siad an pobal ar fad. Moladh gur cheart dhá fhospeiceas bailí tíogar a aithint, is iad sin ''P. t. tigris'' ar mhórthír na hÁise agus an speiceas níos lú ''P. t. sondaica'' sna [[Na hOileáin Sunda Mór|hOileáin Sunda Mór]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener1999&quot;&gt;Kitchener, A. (1999). &quot;Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues&quot; in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|lgh=19–39|lua=ref=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P.}}, lgh. 19-39&lt;/ref&gt;

D'athdhearbhaíodh an moladh dhá fhospeicis arís sa bhliain 2015 trí anailís chuimsitheach a dhéanamh ar thréithe moirfeolaíocha, éiceolaíocha agus [[ADN miteacoindreach|ADN miteacoindreacha]] (mtADN) chuile fhospeiceas toimhdean tíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilting2015&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4640610/|journal=Science Advances|date=Mí an Mheithimh 2015|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4640610|pmid=26601191|pages=e1400175|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175|author=Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. &amp; Kitchener, A. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
In 2017, d'athbhreithnigh Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe Ghrúpa Sainréimse Cat an AICD tacsanomaíocht ''[[felid]]'' de réir an mholta dhá fhospeiceas 2015 agus níor aithníodh ach ''P. t. tigris'' agus ''P. t. sondaica'' amháin.&lt;ref name=&quot;catsg&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. &amp; Tobe, S.|date=2017|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y#page=66|title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group (PDF).|journal=Cat News (Special Issue 11)|pages=lgh. 66-68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh torthaí staidéar seicheamhaithe géinte iomláin 2018 de 32 shampla ón sé fhospeiceas toimhdean beo—an tíogar Bheangál, Malaech, Ind-Síneach, na Síne Theas, Amúrach agus Sumatrach—gur [[Clád|cláid]] shoiléire faoi leith iad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Genome-Wide Evolutionary Analysis of Natural History and Adaptation in the World’s Tigers|url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(18)31214-4|journal=Current Biology|date=2018|issn=0960-9822|pmid=30482605|pages=3840–3849.e6|volume=28|issue=23|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019|language=English|author=Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. &amp; Luo, S.-J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chomhthacaíodh leis na torthaí arís in 2021 agus 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recent Evolutionary History of Tigers Highlights Contrasting Roles of Genetic Drift and Selection|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8136513/|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=1537-1719|pmc=8136513|pmid=33592092|pages=2366–2379|volume=38|issue=6|doi=10.1093/molbev/msab032|author=Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.; Hadly, E. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2023&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111772/|journal=BMC biology|date=2023|issn=1741-7007|pmc=10111772|pmid=37069598|pages=64|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y|author=Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. &amp; Tu, X. L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh staidéar sa bhliain 2023 go bhfuil bailíocht ag an naoi bhfospeiceas reatha ar fad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-023-02185-8|journal=Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution|date=2023-11|issn=2397-334X|pages=1914–1929|volume=7|issue=11|doi=10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8|language=en|author=Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N. &amp; Luo, S.-J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Deir an Grúpa Sainréimse Cat &quot;Given the varied interpretations of data, the [subspecific] taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group.&quot; nó i nGaeilge &quot;Mar gheall ar na léirmhínithe éagsúla ar an dáta, tá Grúpa Sainréimse Cat SSC an AICD ag déanamh athbhreithnithe ar thacsanomaíocht [fhospeiceasach] an speicis seo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Tiger|url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124|work=www.catsg.org|dátarochtana=2025-11-27|language=|údar=CatSG|archivedate=2014-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171012/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=124}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá na táblaí thíos bunaithe ar [[Tacsanomaíocht (bitheolaíocht)|rangú]] an tíogair mar a bhí in 2005&lt;ref name=MSW3/&gt; agus tugann siad rangú 2017 an Tascfhórsa Catrangaithe le fios chomh maith.&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;{{clear}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot; | ''Panthera tigris tigris'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}&lt;ref name=Linn1758/&gt;
! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Bheangál]] 
{{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. tigris'' (von Linné, 1758)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Linn1758&quot; /&gt;
| | Cuireann pobal an tíogair seo faoi ar [[fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jackson1996&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Nowell, K. &amp; Jackson, P.|date=1996|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1996-008.pdf#page=80|title=&quot;Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)&quot; (PDF).|volume=|pages=lgh. 55-65|publisher=IUCN. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0|location=Gland, Switzerland|journal=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá fionnadh níos giorra ar an tíogar Bheangál ná mar atá orthu ó thuaidh&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pocock, R. I.|date=1939|url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up|title=&quot;Panthera tigris&quot;|journal=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia|volume=Vol. 1|pages=lgh. 197–210|publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le dath idir [[ciarbhuí]] agus cróchdhearg air&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|title=Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') |publisher=Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India |date=2011 |url=https://cza.nic.in/uploads/documents/studbooks/english/Bengal%20Tiger%20Studbook%202011.pdf |last1=Srivastav|first1=A. |last2=Malviya |first2=M. |last3=Tyagi |first3=P. C.|last4=Nigam |first4=P. |name-list-style=amp |access-date=27 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus polláirí atá measartha fada agus caol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák2010&quot;/&gt;
| |[[File:Adult male Royal Bengal tiger.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Extinction|†]] [[Tíogar Caispeach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. virgata'' ([[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1815)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Illiger&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Illiger, K.|date=1815|title=Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile|journal=Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1804–1811|pages=lgh. 39-159|publisher=Realschul-Buchhandlung|location=Berlin|url=https://bibliothek.bbaw.de/digitalisierte-sammlungen/akademieschriften/ansicht-akademieschriften?tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Baction%5D=show&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bcontroller%5D=AcademicPublication%5CVolume&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bpage%5D=195&amp;tx_bbaw_academicpublicationshow%5Bvolume%5D=85&amp;cHash=f015ec3f9a13240a9559ebdcb88aafa4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Bhíodh an pobal seo ag cur faoi ón Túirc go dtí an [[Muir Chaisp|Mhuir Chaisp]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Bhí fionnadh geal meirgeach rua le stríoca tanaí a bhí an-ghar dá gcéile air&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; agus [[cnámh cúlphlaice]] leathan ar chúl a gcinn.&lt;ref name=Kitchener1999/&gt; Nocht anailís ghéiniteach gur garghaol leis an tíogar Amúrach a bhí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Driscoll2009&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|journal=PLOS ONE|date=14 Ean 2009|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2624500|pmid=19142238|pages=e4125|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125|language=en|author=Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá pobal an tíogair seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1970idí ann.&lt;ref name=Seidensticker1999/&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Amúrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. altaica'' ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1844)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Temminck&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent|url=https://archive.org/details/faunajaponicasi00sieb/page/43|publisher=Lugduni Batavorum : Apud Auctorem|date=1844|coauthors=In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eag.).; Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University|author=Siebold, P. F. v.; Haan, W. de.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H.|journal=Fauna japonica, sive, Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis, superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830|location=Leiden}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Tá cónaí ar an phobal seo tíogar i [[Cianoirthear na Rúise|gCianoirthear na Rúise]], in [[Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus b'fhéidir sa [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Chóiré Thuaidh]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Tá gruaig fhada agus fionnadh tiubh ar an tíogar Amúrach.&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt; Athraíonn a chúldath ó [[ócar]]-bhuí sa gheimhreadh go dath atá níos rua agus níos beoga tar éis a fholta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 131.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an bhlaosc níos giorra agus níos leithne ná blaoscanna na dtíogar ó dheas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák2010&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504708000621|journal=Mammalian Biology|date=2010-01-01|issn=1616-5047|pages=45–68|volume=75|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003|author=Ji H. Mazák}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar na Síne Theas]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. amoyensis'' ([[Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1905)}}&lt;ref name=Hilzheimer&gt;{{cite journal |last=Hilzheimer |first=M. |date=1905 |title=Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=28 |pages=594–599 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologischeranze28deut/page/596}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ó dheas i lár na Síne.&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Bhí blaoscanna ag an chúig [[Eiseamláir an chineáil|eiseamláir cineáil]] a raibh fiacla [[Fiacla carnasacha|carnasacha]] agus [[cúlfhiacail]] níos giorra acu ná tíogair ón India, cráiniam níos lú, [[logall súile]] a luigh níos gaire dá gcéile le [[Starr iar-logall súile|stairr iar-logall súile]] níos mó; bhí na craicinn sách buí le stríoca a bhí cosúil le [[rombas]].&lt;ref name=Hilzheimer/&gt; Tá [[haplaitíopa]] mtADN faoi leith aige de bharr a chrosphóraithe le seanghinealaigh tíogar.&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9326283/|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|date=2022-07-27|issn=1471-2954|pmc=9326283|pmid=35892215|pages=20220617|volume=289|issue=1979|doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0617|author=Jiaming Hu, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, Chunxue Wang, Bo Xiao, Shungang Chen, Shiwen Song, Linying Wang, Haifeng Lin, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé díothaithe san fhiántas mar ní fhacthas é go hoifigiúil ó bhí na 1970idí ann&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; agus ní mhaireann sé ach i ngéibheann anois.&lt;ref name=Wang2023/&gt;
| |[[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Ind-Síneach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. corbetti'' ([[Vratislav Mazák|Mazák]], 1968)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazak1968&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mazák|first=V.|date=1968|title=Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est|journal=Mammalia|volume=32|issue=1|pages=104–112|doi=10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Faightear pobal an tíogair seo ar an [[Leithinis Ind-Síneach]].&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; Tá cráiniam níos lú ná ceann an tíogair Bheangál ag eiseamláir an tíogair Ind-Sínigh agus is cosúil go bhfuil fionnadh níos dorcha le stríoca níos tanaí orthu.&lt;ref name=Mazak1968/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mazak06&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mazák|first1=J. H.|last2=Groves|first2=C. P.|name-list-style=amp|date=2006|title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia|journal=Mammalian Biology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=268–287|doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007|bibcode=2006MamBi..71..268M|url=http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf|url-status=live|author=Mazák, J. H. &amp; Groves, C. P.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531133543/http://www.dl.edi-info.ir/A%20taxonomic%20revision%20of%20the%20tigers%20of%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf |date=31 Bealtaine 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Malaech]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. jacksoni'' (Luo et al., 2004)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Luo04&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=2004|title=Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (''Panthera tigris'')|journal=[[PLOS Biology]]|volume=2|issue=12|pmid=15583716|pmc=534810|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442|author=Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|pages=e442}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |Moladh an tíogar Malaech mar fhospeiceas faoi leith bunaithe ar dhifríocht idir a mtADN agus a [[Seicheamh aigéid núicléasaigh|sheichimh mhionsatailíte]] agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh.&lt;ref name=Luo04/&gt; Níl difríocht rómhór idir dath a fhionnaidh ná méid a bhlaoisce agus iad an tíogair Ind-Sínigh ach an oiread.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt; Níl aon teorainn shoiléir idir phobail tíogar i dtuaisceart na [[An Mhalaeis|Malaeise]] agus deisceart na [[An Téalainn|Téalainne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
| |[[File:2012-09-15 Tierpark Berlin 26 (cropped).jpg|frameless]]
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot; | ''Panthera tigris sondaica'' {{small|(Temminck, 1844)}}&lt;ref name=catsg/&gt;
! Pobal !! Cur síos !! Íomhá
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| †[[Tíogar Iávach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sondaica'' (Temminck, 1944)}}&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt;
| |Rinneadh cur síos ar an tíogar seo bunaithe ar líon seithí anaithnid a raibh gruaig ghearr mhín orthu.&lt;ref name=Temminck/&gt; Bhí tíogair de bhunadh [[Iáva]] measartha beag i gcomparáid le tíogair na mórthíre Áisí, bhí blaoscanna sách fada acu i gcomparáid leis an tíogar Shumatrach agus bhí stríoca níos faide, níos tanaí agus níos iomadúla acu.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt; Meastar go bhfuil pobal an tíogair Iávaigh díothaithe ó bhí na 1980idí ann. &lt;ref name=Seidensticker1999/&gt;
| |[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een groep mannen en kinderen poseert bij een pas geschoten tijger te Malingping in Bantam West-Java TMnr 10006636.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| †[[Tíogar Bailí]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. balica'' ([[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1912)}}&lt;ref name=Schwarz&gt;{{cite journal |last=Schwarz |first=E. |date=1912 |title=Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |pages=324–326 |series=8 |volume=10 |issue=57 |doi=10.1080/00222931208693243 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8101912lond#page/324/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| | Bhíodh an tíogar seo le fáil ar [[Bailí|Bhailí]] agus bhí fionnadh níos gile air agus blaosc níos lú aige ná mar a bhí ag an tíogar Iávach.&lt;ref name=Schwarz/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;der-tiger&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Mazak, V.|year=2004|title=''Der Tiger''|publisher=Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben|location=Madgeburg|isbn=978-3-89432-759-0|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gné tipicúil de bhlaoscanna an tíogair Bhailí ná an cnámh cúlphlaice caol atá cosúil le blaosc an tíogar Iávach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=1978|title=Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of ''Panthera tigris balica'' (Schwarz, 1912)|journal=[[Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde]]|volume=43|issue=2|pages=108–113|author=Mazák, V.; Groves, C. P. &amp; Van Bree, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an pobal seo díothaithe ó bhí na 1940idí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;Seidensticker1999&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Riding the tiger : tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes|url=http://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse|publisher=[London] : Zoological Society of London; Cambridge [England]; New York : Cambridge University Press|date=1999|coauthors=Better World Books|author=Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. &amp; Jackson, P.|pages=lgh. xv-xx}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| |[[File:Bali tiger zanveld.jpg|frameless]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
| [[Tíogar Sumatrach]] {{small|ainm déthéarmach ''P. t. sumatrae'' ([[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1929)}}&lt;ref name=Pocock1929&gt;{{cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=33 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n185}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Bhí fionnadh dorcha ar an chéad eiseamlár den tíogar seo arb as [[Sumatra]] dó.&lt;ref name=Pocock1929/&gt; Tá gruaig sách fada um aghaidh an tíogair Shumatraigh&lt;ref name=Jackson1996/&gt; agus tá stríoca tiubha coirp chomh maith le [[cnámh sróine]] níos leithne agus níos lú aige ná mar atá ag na tíogair oileáin eile.&lt;ref name=mazak06/&gt;
| |[[File:Panthera tigris sumatrae (Sumatran Tiger) close-up.jpg|frameless]]
|}

=== Éabhlóid ===
{{Féach freisin|Tíogar Bhoirneo}}
{{Cladogram|{{clade
|label1=''[[Panthera]]''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Liopard sneachta]] [[File:Schneeleoparden (Panthera uncia) Zoo Salzburg 2014 f white background.jpg|70px]]
|2='''Tíogar''' [[File:Tigress in Bandhavgarh NP white background.jpg|70px]]
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Iaguar]] [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River white background.JPG|70px]]
|label2=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
                |2={{clade
                    |1=[[Liopard]] [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sassy Lassy white background.jpg|70px]]
                    |2=[[Leon]] [[File:Panthera leo -Ngorongoro, Tanzania-8b white background.jpg|70px]]
                    }}
}}
}}
}}|align=right|caption=Fíligineacht an ghéinis ''Panthera'' bunaithe ar staidéar [[ADN núicléach]] ó 2016&lt;ref name=Li_al2016&gt;{{cite journal |date=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742|author=Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}Roinneann an tíogar an géineas ''Panthera'' leis an [[leon]], an [[liopard]], an [[iaguar]] agus an [[liopard sneachta]]. Léiríonn torthaí anailísí ginideacha gur [[comhspeiceas]] iad an tíogar agus an liopard sneachta agus gur scar a [[Ginealach|nginealaigh]] óna gcéile idir 2.70 agus 3.70 milliún bliain ó shin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, ''Panthera'' (Carnivora: Felidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2010-07_56_1/page/68|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2010|volume=56|issue=1|pages=64–76|pmid=20138224|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036|bibcode=2010MolPE..56...64D|author=Davis, B. W.; Li, G. &amp; Murphy, W. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léiríonn seicheamhú géinte iomláin an tíogair [[Athsheicheamh|athsheichimh]] atá ar chomhthreomhar leo i ngéanóm na gcat eile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes|doi=10.1038/ncomms3433|pmid=24045858|pmc=3778509|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|year=2013|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2433C|author=Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. &amp; Gadhvi, P.|pages=2443}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rinneadh cur síos ar an speiceas iontaiseach ''[[Panthera palaeosinensis]]'' ón [[Pléisticéineach|Phléisticéineach]] luath i dtuaisceart na Síne mar shinsear féideartha tíogair nuair a aimsíodh é in 1924 ach creideann cláidistíocht an lae inniu go [[Bonnach (fíliginiteach)|bonnspeiceas]] é i gcomparáid le ''Panthera'' na linne seo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mazák&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |year=2011|title=Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025483|pmid=22016768|bibcode=2011PLoSO...625483M|pmc=3189913|author=Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. &amp; Kitchener, A. C.|pages=25483}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tseng&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=2014|title=Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=281|issue=1774|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.2686|pmid=24225466|pmc=3843846|author=Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. &amp; Xie, G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí ''[[Panthera zdanskyi]]'' ina chónaí ann thart ar an am agus an áit chéanna agus moladh gur comhspeiceas leis an tíogar reatha a bhí ann nuair a imscrúdaíodh é sa bhliain 2014.&lt;ref name=Mazák/&gt; Ó 2023 ar aghaidh, áfach, meastar gur comhchiallach é ''P. palaeosinensis'' de ''P. zdanskyi'' in dhá staidéar a rinneadh ina dhiaidh sin nuair a thug siad faoi deara go luíonn na difríochtaí atá aige ón speiceas sin laistigh de réimse na n-éagsúlachtaí indibhidiúla.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=The identity of the &quot;lion&quot;, ''Panthera principialis'' sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans &quot;leopard&quot; (Carnivora, Felidae)|url=|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|year=2023|volume=103|issue=2|pages=465–487|doi=10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2|bibcode=2023PdPe..103..465H|author=Hemmer, Helmut}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808|title=Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event|date=2023|journal=Historical Biology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=293–302|bibcode=2023HBio...35..293J|author=Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. &amp; Liu, J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is iad blúirí géill a aimsíodh i [[Contae Lantian|gContae Lantion]] na Síne an nochtadh is luaithe den tíogar reatha sa taifead iontaiseach a théann siar go dtí an Pléisticéineach luath.&lt;ref name=Mazák/&gt;

Aimsíodh iontaisí tíogair ón Mheán- go dtí an Luathphléisticéineach fud fad na Síne, Iáva agus Sumatra. I measc na bhfospeiceas réamhstairiúil tá ''[[Panthera tigris trinilensis]]'' agus ''[[Panthera tigris soloensis|P. t. soloensis]]'' de bhunadh Iáva agus Sumatra agus ''[[Panthera tigris acutidens|P. t. acutidens]]'' de bhunadh na Síne; fuarthas iontaisí tíogair ón Phléisticéineach dhéanach agus ón [[An Sealad Holaicéineach|Luathholaicéineach]] i [[Boirneo|mBoirneo]] agus [[Palawan]] na [[Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha|nOileán Filipíneach]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener2009&quot;&gt;Kitchener, A. &amp; Yamaguchi, N. (2009). &quot;What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy&quot; in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=|lgh=}}, lgh. 53–84&lt;/ref&gt; Tuairiscítear go bhfuil samplaí den tíogar ón Phléisticéineach Mheán-dheánach a fuarthas sa [[An tSeapáin|tSeapáin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Japanese Archipelago sheltered cave lions, not tigers, during the Late Pleistocene|url=https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2523901123|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2026-02-10|issn=0027-8424|pmc=12890994|pmid=41587328|volume=123|issue=6|doi=10.1073/pnas.2523901123|language=en|author=Xin Sun, Lanhui Peng, Takumi Tsutaya, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yoshikazu Hasegawa, Yuxin Hou, Yu Han, Yan Zhuang, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Jazmin Ramos Madrigal, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Gaudry Trochė, Jesper V. Olsen, Enrico Cappellini, Stephen J. O’Brien, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Shu-Jin Luo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Léiríonn torthaí staidéar [[fíleathíreolaíoch]] go bhfuil comhshinsear ag chuile speiceas tíogar beo a bhí beo idir 108,000 agus 72,000 bliain ó shin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luo04&quot; /&gt; Tugann staidéar géinte le fios gur chrap pobal an tíogair thart ar 115,000 bliain ó shin de bharr oighrithe. Síolraíonn pobal reatha na dtíogar ó [[Díseart|dhíseart]] a bhí san Ind-sín agus a leath ar fud na háise tar éis na [[An uasmhéid oighrithe deireanach|huasmhéide oighrithe deireanaí]]. De réir mar a chóilínigh siad oirthuaisceart na Síne, mheasc sinsir an tíogair Ind-sínigh le pobal iarmharach tíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;


=== Hibridí ===
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Hibridí Feilideacha|Hibrid Panthera}}

Is féidir le tíogair [[crosphórú]] le cait ''Panthera'' eile agus is amhlaidh atá déanta acu i ngéibheann. Is é an [[leogar]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair bhaininn agus an leoin fhirinn agus is é an [[tígleon]] toradh phóraithe an tíogair fhirinn agus an leoin bhaininn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabryś&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |year=|title=Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review|journal=Annals of Animal Science|volume=21|issue=2|pages=403–415|doi=10.2478/aoas-2020-0082|author=Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. &amp; Bugno-Poniewierska, M.|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.2478%2Faoas-2020-0082}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann an t-athair leoin géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh ach tá géin chomhfhreagrach srianta an fháis ón tíogar bhaineann in easnamh sa mhéid is go bhfásann leogair i bhfad níos mó ná ceachtar de speicis na dtuismitheoirí. Ní chuireann an tíogar fireann géin chur chun cinn an fháis ar aghaidh os a choinne sin cé go gcuireann an leon baineann géin srianta an fháis ar aghaidh; mar sin, bíonn tígleoin thart ar chomhmhéid lena dtuismitheoirí.&lt;ref name=&quot;imprinting&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Genomic Imprinting|url=https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/imprinting/|dátarochtana=2025-12-01|language=en|foilsitheoir=Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah}}&lt;/ref&gt; Toisc gur minic a fhorbraíonn siad éalanga ón bhroinn a mbaineann baol báis leo, glactar le pórú na hibridí mar nós neamheiticiúil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabryś&quot; /&gt;


== Cur síos ==
[[File:TigerSkelLyd1.png|thumb|left|Creatlach tíogair ó Royal Natural History Imleabhar 1 (1839)|alt=Drawing of tiger skeleton]]
Tá morfeolaíocht fheilíneach thipiciúil ag an tíogar a bhfuil corp matánach, cosa giorraithe, géaga tosaigh láidre, lapaí tosaigh leathana, ceann mór agus eireaball atá thart ar leathfhad an choirp eile i bhfad aige.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/3504004|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1981|pages=1-8|issue=152|doi=10.2307/3504004|author=Mazák, V.|bibcode=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MamSp.152....1M|id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3504004}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=98}} Tá cúig mhéar aige, [[drúchtchrobh]] ina measc sin, ar na cosa chun tosaigh agus ceithre cinn ar na cosa deiridh, a bhfuil crobha in-aistarraingthe atá fáiscthe agus cuartha ar féidir leo a bheith 10 cm i bhfad aige.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=26}} Tá a chuid cluasa cruinn agus tá mac imrisc cruinn ar na súile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Críochnaíonn an smut i mbarr triantánach a bhfuil poncanna dubha beaga air dá mhéadaíonn a líon agus an tíogar ag dul in aois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12817|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2025-01|issn=1749-4877|pages=186–198|volume=20|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12817|language=en|author=Caiping Zhao, Wenrui Dai, Qiang Liu, Dongqi Liu, Nathan James Roberts, Zhaoli Liu, Ming Gong, Hongkun Qiu, Changhai Liu, Dan Liu, Guangkai Ma, Guangshun Jiang}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá blaosc an tíogair scafánta le réigiún tosaigh teoranta le [[Logall súile|logaill súile]] éilipseacha atá beag go comhréireach, [[Cnámh sróine|cnámha sróine]] fada agus cráiniam fadaithe le [[moing saighdeach]] mór.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá sé cosúil le blaosc an leoin ach tá difríocht ann idir an dá bhlaosc de bharr íochtar cuasach nó leacaithe an ghéill íochtair agus an tsrón atá níos faide.{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|p=103}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá thart ar 30 fiacail atá sách scafánta ag an tíogar agus tá a [[Starrfhiacail|starrfhiacla]] cuartha ar na cinn is faide i measc na gcat agus iad 6.4-7.6 cm (2.5-3.0 or).&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Thapar|2004|p=25}}  

Tá fad cheann-choirp an tíogair idir 1.4-2.8 m (4 tr 7 or - 9 tr 2 or) le heireaball atá 0.6-1.1 m (2 tr 0 or - 3 tr 7 or) agus seasann sé 0.8-1.1 m (2 tr 7 or - 3 tr 7 or) ag an ghualainn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris (tiger)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&amp;pg=PA825|publisher=Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1999-07-29|language=en|author=Novak, R. M. &amp; Walker, E. P|journal=Walker's Mammals of the World|issue=6|pages=825-828}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is mó an tíogar Bheangál agus an tíogar Sumatrach de na speicis éagsúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Meánn tíogair Bheangál fhireannacha idir 200-260 kg (440-570 lb), agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 100-160 kg (220-250 lb); is lú na tiogair oileánacha de na speicis éagsúla, is cosúil gur de bharr [[abhcacht oileánach]] atá sé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener1999&quot; /&gt; Meánn tiogair Shumatracha fhireannacha idir 100-140 kg (220-310 lb) agus meánn na baineannaigh idir 75-110 kg (165-243 lb).&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Sunquist, M. (2010). &quot;What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour&quot; in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|lgh=19/34}}, lgh. 19−34&lt;/ref&gt; Meastar gurb é an tíogar an speiceas féilíneach beo is mó ar domhan; ach toisc go bhfuil difríocht mhór méide agus meáchain idir na pobail tíogar éagsúla, is féidir gur lú meánmheáchan an tíogair ná é an leoin, a fhad agus a bhíonn na tíogair is mo níos mó ná na leoin chosúla.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitchener2009&quot; /&gt;

=== Fionnadh ===
[[Íomhá:Tiger_Stripes_(29808869755).jpg|alt=Close up of a tiger's fur|mion|Fionnadh an tíogair Amúraigh ar a chliathán (taobh)]]
Bíonn ribí gruaige gearra ar fhionnadh an tíogair de ghnáth, ar féidir a bheith chomh fada le 35 mm (1.4 or), ach is féidir le ribí gruaige an tíogair Amúraigh tuaisceart-chónaithigh fad de 105 mm (4.1 or) a shroicheadh. De ghnáth, is faide ribí gruaige an bhoilg ná iad na droma. Bíonn dlús a bhfionnaidh tanaí de ghnáth ach forbraíonn an tíogar Amúrach fionnadh geimhridh atá sách tiubh. Tá línte fionnaidh um aghaidh an tíogair agus guairí fada orthu, na fireannaigh ach go háirithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá [[Dath ainmhithe|dath]] flannbhuí air a athraíonn ó scothbhuí go ruánach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger: the ultimate guide|publisher=CDS books in association with Two brothers press|date=2004|location=New York|author=Valmik Thapar|url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clúdaíonn fionnadh bán an t-íochtar ó cheann go heireaball, thar dromchla istigh na gcos agus codanna den aghaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992|lgh=99-102}}, lgh. 99–102.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá spota bán feiceálach ar chúl na gcluasa atá timpeallaithe le fionnadh dubh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Marcáiltear an tíogar le stríoca dubha nó dubhdhonna agus bíonn pátrún faoi leith ag chuile thíogar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Miquelle, D. &quot;Tiger&quot; in {{Harvnb|MacDonald|2001}}, lgh. 18-21&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn na stríoca ingearach den chuid is mó ach amháin na cinn ar na géaga agus ar an chlár éadain a bhíonn cothrománach. Tá an chuid is mó díobh le feiceáil ar cúl agus is féidir leo ar an cholainn íochtar an bhoilg a shroicheadh. Go hiondúil, bíonn barr géar ar na stríoca agus is féidir leo scaradh óna chéile nó teacht le chéile arís eile. Is bandaí tiubha iad na stríoca eireabaill agus barrtar a dheireadh le dubh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; 

Tá an tíogar ar cheann den bheagán speiceas cait a bhfuil stríoca orthu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article/278/1710/1373/73541/Why-the-leopard-got-its-spots-relating-pattern|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=2011-05-07|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3061134|pmid=20961899|pages=1373–1380|volume=278|issue=1710|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1734|language=en|author=William L. Allen, Innes C. Cuthill, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Roland Baddeley}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá stríoca ina mbuntáiste don [[Duaithníocht|nduaithníocht]] i bhfásra a bhfuil pátrúin ingearacha solais agus scátha iontu cosúil le crainnte, giolcaigh agus féir arda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/2/125-136/221478|journal=BioScience|date=2005|issn=0006-3568|pages=125-136|volume=55|issue=2|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2|language=en|author=Tim Caro}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tacaíonn staidéar [[anailís Fourier]] a léirigh go n-aontaíonn pátrúin stríoca na dtíogar lena dtimpeallacht leis an teoiric seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1987-12|pages=427–433|volume=32|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x|language=en|author=D. Godfrey, J. N. Lythgoe, D. A. Rumball}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir go gcabhraíonn a ndathú flannbhuí leo iad a cheilt fosta mar tá creach an tíogair [[Dathdhaille|dathdhall]], rud a chiallaíonn nach bhfeictear an tíogar ach mar rud glas eile laistigh den fhásra. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|journal=Journal of The Royal Society Interface|date=2019-05|issn=1742-5689|pages=20190183|volume=16|issue=154|doi=10.1098/rsif.2019.0183|language=en|author=J. G. Fennell, L. Talas, R. J. Baddeley, I. C. Cuthill, N. E. Scott-Samuel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Éagsúlacht datha ====
[[Íomhá:White_tiger_Nandankanan.jpeg|alt=White tiger with thickened stripes lying down|mion|[[Tíogar bán]] bréag-mhéilineach]]
Níl a leithéid de thrí [[Bithathraitheach datha|bhithathraitheach datha]] an tíogair Bheangál – sneachta-bhán an-neamhstríocach, bán agus órga – le fáil san fhiántas sa lá atá inniu ann mar gheall ar laghdú na bpobal fiáin tíogar ach faightear i bpobail i ngéibheann iad fós. Tá dath cúlra bán le stríoca [[séipia]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;dhonna ar an [[Tíogar bán|tíogar bhán]]. Tá dath bán-órga le stríoca ruadhonna ar an [[tíogar órga]]. Is morf le stríoca an-éadroma agus eireaball séipiadhonn-fháinneach é an tíogar sneachta-bhán. Is de thoradh [[tréith chúlaitheach uathshómach]] le [[Lócas (géinitic)|lócas]] bán agus lócas [[Géinitic fhionnaidh chait|leathanbhanda]] iad na morfaí bána agus órga faoi seach. Is de thoradh [[Polaigéin|polaigéinte]] le lócais bhána agus leathanbhanda é an bithathraitheach sneachta-bhán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The genetics of tiger pelage color variations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201732|journal=Cell Research|date=2017-07|issn=1001-0602|pmc=5518981|pmid=28281538|pages=954–957|volume=27|issue=7|doi=10.1038/cr.2017.32|language=en|author=Xiao Xu, Gui-Xin Dong, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Xue-Li Zhang, Yan Zhuang, Run Fang, Xin Sun, Xue-Song Hu, Tian-You Zhang, Han-Dong Yang, De-Lu Zhang, Laurie Marker, Zheng-Fan Jiang, Ruiqiang Li, Shu-Jin Luo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá tógáil an tíogair bháin an-chonspóideach mar níl siad úsáideach ó thaobh an chaomhnaithe de. Níl na géinte don mhorf datha seo ach ag 0.001% de thíogair fhiáine agus is é an t-[[ionphórú]] is cúis le ró-ionadaíocht an tíogair bháin i ngéibheann. Mar sin, má leanann an t-ionphórú seo ar aghaidh, tá an baol ann gurb iad [[ísliú ionphóraithe]] agus caillteanas na [[Inathraitheacht géinte|hinathraitheachta géinte]] i dtíogair i ngéibheann an toradh a bheidh ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Xavier, N.|date=2010|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/99/07/0894.pdf|title=A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white|journal=Current Science|volume=99|issue=7|pages=894–895}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá taifid ann de thíogair bhréag-[[Méilineach|mhéilineacha]] le stríoca cónascaithe i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Simlipal|bPáirc Náisiúnta Simlipal]] agus i dtrí zú Indiacha; léirigh anailís [[Géineolaíocht phobail|géineolaíochta pobail]] de shamplaí tíogar Indiach go bhfaightear an [[Feinitíopa|féinitíopa]] seo mar thoradh ar [[Sóchán|shócháin]] ghéin [[aimínipeiptíodáis]] [[Próitéin thras-scannáin|thras-scannáin]]. Tá an gné seo ag 37% de phobal tíogair Shimlipal, rud a nasctar le [[leithlisiú géiniteach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2025273118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2021-09-28|issn=0027-8424|pmc=8488692|pmid=34518374|volume=118|issue=39|doi=10.1073/pnas.2025273118|language=en|author=Vinay Sagar, Christopher B. Kaelin, Meghana Natesh, P. Anuradha Reddy, Rajesh K. Mohapatra, Himanshu Chhattani, Prachi Thatte, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Shashi Paul, Yadavendradev V. Jhala, Mayank M. Verma, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol, Gregory S. Barsh, Debabrata Swain, Uma Ramakrishnan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dáileadh agus gnáthóg ==
[[Íomhá:Tigress_Anna_Savelevna_01.jpg|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night|mion|Gaiste ceamara de thíogar Amúrach sa Rúis]]
Bhíodh cead a chosa ag an tíogar go stairiúil agus cónaí air ó oirthear na Tuirce, tuaisceart na hIaráine agus an Afganastáin go dtí an Áise Láir agus ón Phacastáin thuaidh trí [[Fo-ilchríoch na hIndia|fho-ilchríoch na hIndia]] agus an Ind-Sín go hoirdheisceart na Sibéire, Sumatra, Iáva agus Bailí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Faoin bhliain 2022, ní raibh sé le fáil ach laistigh de 7% dá limistéar dáilte stairiúil agus bhí raon briste aige i bhfo-ilchríoch na hIndia, [[An Ind-Sín|leithinis na hInd-Síne]], Sumatra, oirthuaisceart na Síne agus [[Cianoirthear na Rúise]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Faoin bhliain 2020, bhí an t-achar is mó den ghnáthóg tíogair dhomhanda ag an India le 300,508 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (116,027 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) á leanúint ag an Rúis le 195,819 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (75,606 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280|author=Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.; Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. &amp; Wood, K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá cónaí ar an tíogar i ngnáthóga foraoise den chuid is mó agus is ainmhí an-sholúbtha é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Léiríonn taifid ón Áise Láir gur chuir sé faoi i bhforaoisí abhann [[Tugay]] agus foraoisí cnoic agus ísilchríche sa [[Réigiún Chugais|Chugais]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lgh.&amp;#x20;108–112&lt;/ref&gt; I réigiún [[Amur (abhainn)|Amur-Ussuri]] na Rúise agus na Síne, cuireann sé faoi i [[Péine Chóiréach|bpéine Chóiréach]] agus i [[Foraois leathanduilleach agus mheasctha mheasartha|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha]]; feidhmíonn [[Foraois abhann|foraoisí abhann]] mar phasáistí [[Scaipeadh bitheolaíoch|scaipthe]] a chuireann bia agus uisce ar fáil do thíogair agus a gcreach mar aon.&lt;ref&gt;Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. &amp; Schleyer, B. (1999). &quot;Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey&quot; in {{Harvnb|Seidenstecker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 71-99&lt;/ref&gt; Faightear i [[Foraois leathanduilleach thais thrópaiceach agus fhothrópaiceach|bhforaoisí leathanduilleacha taise trópaiceacha agus fo-thrópaiceacha]], foraoisí leathanduilleacha agus measctha measartha, [[Foraois shíorghlasa thais thrópaiceach|foraoisí síorghlasa taise trópaiceacha]], [[Foraois thirim thrópaiceach|foraoisí tirime trópaiceacha]], [[Má thuiltrí|mánna tuiltrí]] agus sna [[Foraois mhangróbh|foraoisí mangróbh]] sna [[Sundarban|Sundarbans]] é go príomhá ar fho-ilchríoch na hIndia.&lt;ref&gt;Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. &amp; Bolze, D. (1999). &quot;Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild&quot; in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999}}, lgh. 265-267&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Oirthear na Himiléithe]], taifeadadh i [[Foraois mheasartha|bhforaoisí measartha]] sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] é ar airde de 4,200 m (13,800 tr), agus in oirdheaisceart na [[An Tibéid|Tibéide]] sna [[Cnoic Mishmi]] ar airde de 3,630 m (11,910 tr) agus i [[Contae Mêdog|gContae Mêdog]] ar airde de 3,139 m (10,299 tr).&lt;ref&gt;Jigme, K. &amp; Tharchen, L. (2012). &quot;Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan&quot;. ''Cat News'' (56): 14–15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/4381|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|date=2018|issn=0974-7907|pages=12833–12836|volume=10|issue=13|doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836|author=Adhikarimayum, A. S. &amp; Gopi, G. V.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator|url=https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|journal=Zoological Research|date=2023|issn=2095-8137|pmc=10415778|pmid=37464931|pages=747–749|volume=44|issue=4|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178|language=en|author=Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. &amp; Jiang, X. L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireann sé faoi i bhforaoisí [[duillsilteach]] agus [[Planda síorghlas|síorghlasa]] sa Téalainn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605307414107/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2007|issn=0030-6053|pages=447–453|volume=41|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|language=en|author=Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. &amp; Kumar, N. S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Sumatra, faightear i [[Foraois sheascainn mhóna|bhforaoisí seascainn móna]] ilchríche agus i [[Foraois Montane|bhforaoisí Montane]] garbha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2011|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3206793|pmid=22087218|pages=e25931|volume=6|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931|language=en|author=Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. &amp; Herwansyah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dlús pobail ===

Nocht [[Gaiste ceamara|gaistí ceamara]] le linn 2010-2015 i bhforaois dhuillsilteach agus phéine fho-thrópaiceach na [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jim Corbett|Páirce Náisiúnta Jim Corbett]] i dtuaisceart na hIndia go bhfuil [[Dlús daonra|dlús pobail]] tíogair seasmhach de 12-17 n-indibhid in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) laistigh de limistéar 521 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (201 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a high‐density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13410|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2019|issn=0021-8901|pages=1725–1740|volume=56|issue=7|doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410|language=en|author=Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. &amp; Jhala, Y.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I dtuaisceart Mhaenmar, measadh dlús pobail tíogair sa limistéar samplála, a raibh thart ar 3,250 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1,250 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) d'fhoraois leathanduilleach thrópaiceach agus féarthalamh ann, a bheith idir 0.21–0.44 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) faoin bhliain 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|journal=Population Ecology|date=2009|issn=1438-3896|pages=115–121|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. &amp; Po, S. H. T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Measadh go bhfuil an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí leath-shíorghlasa agus duillsilteacha measctha [[Anaclann Fiadhúlra Huai Kha Khaeng]] na Téalainne thart ar 2.01 thíogar in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;); le linn na 1970idí agus 1980idí, tharla [[lománaíocht]] agus póitseáil sna [[Páirc Náisiúnta Mae Wong|Páirceanna Náisiúnta Mae Wong]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Khlong Lan|Khlong Lan]] in aice láimhe, áit a measadh an dlús pobail a bheith i bhfad níos ísle, gan ach 0.359 tíogair in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) faoin bhliain 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.560|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2021|issn=2578-4854|volume=3|issue=12|doi=10.1111/csp2.560|language=en|author=Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. &amp; Savini, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Measadh an dlús pobail i bhforaoisí [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] agus montane i dtuaisceart na Malaeise a bheith thart ar 1.47–2.43 thíogar fhásta in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) i bPáirc Stáit Belum Ríoga, ach 0.3–0.92 tíogair fhásta a bheith ann in aghaidh gach 100 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (39 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) in [[Anaclann Foraoise Temengor]], áit atá gan chosaint a mbíonn lománaíocht ar siúl [[Lománaíocht roghnaitheach|ar bhonn roghnaitheach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714005035|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=18–26|volume=184|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024|language=en|author=Rayan, D. M. &amp; Linkie, M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iompar agus éiceolaíocht ==
[[Íomhá:Tigerwater_edit2.jpg|alt=Tiger in water|mion|Tíogar ag folcadh]]
Léiríonn sonraí ghaistí ceamara go seachnaíonn tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chitwan|bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan]] áiteanna a ghnáthaíonn daoine agus gur gníomhaí a bhíonn siad san oíche ná sa ló.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1210490109|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|issn=0027-8424|pmc=3458348|pmid=22949642|pages=15360–15365|volume=109|issue=38|doi=10.1073/pnas.1210490109|language=en|author=Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. &amp; Liu, J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ghníomhaí sé thíogar a raibh coiléir raidió orthu ó bhreacadh an lae go dtí go luath ar maidin agus a mbuaic á sroicheadh thart ar a 7:00 a chlog ar maidin i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Sundarban|bPáirc Náisiúnta Sundarban]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ranging, Activity and Habitat Use by Tigers in the Mangrove Forests of the Sundarban|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4822765|pmid=27049644|pages=e0152119|volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152119|language=en|author=Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. &amp; Gopal, R.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht suirbhé gaiste ceamara trí bliana i bhfad i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta|bPáirc Náisiúnta Shuklaphanta]] gur ghníomhaí na tíogair ó chrónú go dtí lár na hoíche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|journal=Écoscience|date=2019|issn=1195-6860|pages=1–9|volume=26|issue=1|doi=10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512|language=en|author=Pokheral, C. P. &amp; Wegge, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In oirthuaisceart na Síne, bhí tíogair ina [[Ainmhí clapsholais|n-ainmhithe clapsholais]] agus iad gníomhach le linn na hóiche agus a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí ag baint a mbuaic amach ar bhreacadh an lae agus ar chrónú na hoíche; bhíodar gníomhach ag nach mór an t-am céanna agus a bhí a gcuid creiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )?|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12622|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2019|issn=0952-8369|pages=131–140|volume=307|issue=2|doi=10.1111/jzo.12622|language=en|author=H. Yang, S. Han, B. Xie, P. Mou, X. Kou, T. Wang, J. Ge, L. Feng}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Is snámhaí cumhachtach é an tíogar a théann trasna aibhneacha atá chomh leathan le 8 km (5.0 mi) go héasca; tumann sé é féin san uisce ar laethanta teo ach go háirithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Go ginearálta, níl a scileanna dreaptha crainn chomh cumasach agus atáthar i gcait eile de bharr a mhéide, ach déanann coileáin faoi 16 mhí amhlaidh go rialta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 26, 64–66&lt;/ref&gt; Taifeadadh tíogar fásta ar dhreapadh dó 10 m (33 tr) suas [[crann pipal]] mín.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Scaradh sóisialta ===
Maireann tíogair fhásta saolta aonaracha laistigh dá [[Raon baile (ainmhí)|raonta baile]] nó dá [[Dúiche (ainmhí)|ndúichí]] den chuid is mó, dá bhraitheann a méid ar fhlúirse a gcreiche, ar na láithreacha tíreolaíocha agus ar ghnéas na hindibhide féin. Cosaíonn fireannaigh agus baineannaigh a raonta baile ar thíogair an ghnéis chéanna agus cuimsíonn raon baile na bhfireannach iad roinnt baineannach mar aon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Bhí raonta baile de 10.6 agus 14.1 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (4.1 agus 5.4 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag dhá bhaineannach sna [[Sundarban|Sundarbans]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species’ conservation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605310001456/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2011|issn=0030-6053|pages=125–128|volume=45|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605310001456|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. &amp; Howlader, A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'athraigh raonta baile cúig bhaineannach athbhunaithe in [[Anaclann Tíogair Panna]] ó 53–67 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (20–26 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa gheimhreadh go 55–60 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (21–23 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tsamhradh agus 46–94 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (18–36 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) le linn an [[Monsún|mhonsúin]]; bhí raonta baile móra 84–147 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (32–57 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag trí fhireannach sa gheimhreadh, 82–98 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (32–38 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tsamhradh agus 81–118 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (31–46 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) le linn shéasúir an mhonsúin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:29&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2016|issn=1612-4642|pages=537–547|volume=62|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9|language=en|author=Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. &amp; Saha, G. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Tearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin|dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin]], bhí raonta baile de 248–520 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (96–201 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag 14 bhaineannach agus de 847–1,923 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (327–742 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ag cúig fhireannach a chuimsigh raonta baile chúig bhaineannach ar an uasmhéid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica ) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2010|issn=0022-2372|pages=737–748|volume=91|issue=3|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-293.1|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. &amp; Hornocker, M. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a bhíodh coileáin de cheithre mhí d'aois ag tíogair bhaineanna sa tearmann chéanna, laghdóidís a raonta baile ionas go bhféadfaidís fanacht i ngar dá n-óga agus d'ardóidís a raonta baile de réir a chéile go dtí go mbeadh a n-óga 13–18 mí d'aois.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|journal=Mammal Research|date=2021|issn=2199-2401|pages=83–94|volume=66|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2|language=en|author=Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. &amp; Goodrich, J. M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{fráma íomhá|caption=[[Tíogar Bheangál|Tíogair Bheangál]] ag spraeáil múin (thuas) agus ag cuimilt de chrann chun a dhúiche a mharcáil|content={{CSS image crop
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Is speiceas é an tíogar a théann ar rith i bhfad i gcéin agus a scaipeann thar fhaid suas le 650 km (400 mi) chun pobail tíogair in áiteanna eile a bhaint amach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|journal=PLoS ONE|date=2013|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819329|pmid=24223132|pages=e77980|volume=8|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0077980|language=en|author=Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Socraíonn tíogair bhaineanna óga a gcéad raonta baile i ngar dóibh a máithreacha ach déanann na tíogair fhireanna imirce níos faide amach ná a macasamhail bhaineann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 76.&lt;/ref&gt; Scaip ceithre thíogar baineanna a raibh [[Coiléar raidió|coiléir raidió]] orthu amach idir 0 agus 43.2 km (0.0 agus 26.8 mi) agus 10 dtíogar fhireanna idir 9.5 agus 65.7 km (5.9 agus 40.8 mi) i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Role of Dispersal in Structuring the Chitwan Tiger Population|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/124/3-4/article-p165_1.xml|journal=Behaviour|date=1993|issn=0005-7959|pages=165–195|volume=124|issue=3-4|doi=10.1163/156853993X00560|author=Smith, J. L. D.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cónaíonn fo-aosach fireann mar fhánaí i raon baile thíogair fhirinn eile go dtí go bhfuil sé níos sine agus láidir go leor chun dúshlán an fhireannaigh chónaithigh a thabhairt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 54–55.

&lt;/ref&gt; Marcálann tíogair a raonta baile trí [[Spraeáil múin|mhún a spraeáil]] ar fhásra agus chlocha, crúbáil nó [[cuimilt bholaidh]] a dhéanamh ar chrainnte agus conair a mharcáil le [[faecas]], táil [[Faireog tóna|fhaireog tóna]] agus scrabhanna talúna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology|date=2008|issn=0098-0331|pages=659–671|volume=34|issue=5|doi=10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y|language=en|author=Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. &amp; Weibchen, G.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,Panthera tigris|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003347289900018|journal=Animal Behaviour|date=1989|pages=1–10|volume=37|doi=10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8|language=en|author=Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. &amp; Miquelle, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 105.&lt;/ref&gt; Ligeann cuimilt bholaidh d'indibhid eolas a fháil amach faoi aitheantas tíogair eile. Is minic a ghlactar seilbh ar raonta baile a fhágtar gan úinéir laistigh de laethanta nó de sheachtainí, go háirithe nuair a fhaigheann an t‑úinéir bás.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna níos fulangaí i leith bhaineannaigh eile laistigh dá raonta baile ná mar a bhíonn tíogair fhireann do fhireannaigh eile, ós rud é nach mbíonn fireannaigh caoinfhulangach de ghnáth. Réitítear aighnis trí imeaglú seachas trí throid go hiondúil. Mar sin féin, féadfaidh fireannach glacadh le híochtarán ina raon nuair a bhíonn [[Ceannasacht|an lámh in uachtar]] aige, fad nach dtagann an t-íochtaran róghar dó. Baineann na haighnis is fíochmhaire le dhá thíogar fireanna atá in iomaíocht lena chéile nuair atá baineannach in [[éastras]] sa cheantar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 85–86.&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn tíogair níos sóisialta timpeall ar chreach nó ag conablach creiche. Roinnfidh tíogar fireann conablach leis na baineannaigh agus na coileáin laistigh dá raon baile uaireanta agus, murab ionann agus leoin fhireanna, ligfidh sé dóibh beathú sula gcríochnaíonn sé féin ag ithe. Mar sin féin, bíonn baineannaigh níos teannasaí nuair a bhuaileann siad le baineannaigh eile ag conablach creiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 244–251.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 89.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cumarsáid ===
Le linn teagmhálacha cairdiúla agus chun ceangail shóisialta a neartú, [[Bunting (iompar ainmhí)|cuimlíonn tíogair a gcoirp]] in aghaidh a chéile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 262–263.&lt;/ref&gt; Áirítear ar a ngothaí gnúise an &quot;bagairt chosanta&quot;, ina mbíonn an aghaidh rocach, na fiacla nochtaithe, na cluasa tarraingthe siar agus na mic imrisc méadaithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 263.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Taispeánann fireannaigh agus baineannaigh araon [[freagairt flehmen]], gruaim shainiúil ina gcuirtear strainc ar na liopaí, nuair a bholann siad marcálacha fuail. Úsáideann fireannaigh an fhreagairt flehmen chun marcálacha a fhágann tíogair bhaineanna atá in éastras a bhrath.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Bogann tíogair a gcuid cluasa chun na spotaí bána atá ar a gcúl a thaispeáint, go háirithe le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha agus idir máithreacha agus coileáin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758)|publisher=University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7.|date=2002|location=Chicago|author=Sunquist, M. E. &amp; Sunquist, F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IF8nDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA320|journal=Wild Cats of the World|pages=343–372}}&lt;/ref&gt; Úsáideann siad a n-eireabaill chomh maith chun a ngiúmar a chur in iúl. Chun croíúlacht a thaispeáint, cuirtear an t‑eireaball ag gobadh aníos agus luascann sé go mall. Nuair a bhíonn tíogar imníoch nó aireach, íslíonn sé a eireaball nó luascann sé ó thaobh go taobh é. Nuair atá sé socair, crochtar an t‑eireaball go híseal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;

De ghnáth bíonn tíogair ciúin, ach tá siad in ann réimse leathan glórtha a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 256.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 99.&lt;/ref&gt; Ligeann siad búir astu chun a láithreacht a chur in iúl do thíogair eile thar achair fhada. Brúitear an fhuaim seo amach trí bhéal oscailte agus é ag dúnadh, agus is féidir í a chloisteáil suas le 3 km (1.9 mi) ar shiúl. Ligeann siad búir astu cúpla uair i ndiaidh a chéile agus freagraíonn tíogair eile ar an bhealach chéanna. Ligeann siad búir astu le linn cúplála fosta agus úsáidfidh máthair búir chun glaoch ar a coileáin. Nuair a bhíonn teannas orthu, ligeann tíogair sian astu, fuaim atá cosúil le búir ach atá níos boige agus a dhéantar nuair atá an béal dúnta go páirteach ar a laghad. Is féidir an sian seo a chloisteáil suas le 400 m (1,300 tr) ar shiúl.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 258–261.&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn teagmhálacha ionsaitheacha, cloistear [[drantán]], [[Drannadh|drannach]] agus siosadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 261.&lt;/ref&gt; Scaoiltear &quot;búir chasachtach&quot; nó &quot;drannadh casachtach&quot; amach trí bhéal oscailte agus fiacla nochtaithe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; I gcúinsí níos cairdiúla, déanann tíogair ''[[prusten]]'', fuaim shéimh shrannach ísealmhinicíochta atá cosúil le [[crónán]] na gcat beag.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Peters, G. &amp; Tonkin-Leyhausen, B. A.|date=1999|title=Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1023/A:1020620121416|pages=129–159|location=|publisher=S2CID 25252052}}&lt;/ref&gt; Déanann máithreacha cumarsáid lena gcoileáin trí ghnúsacht, agus freagraíonn na coileáin le [[meamhlach]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 257–258.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a bhaintear geit astu, déanann siad fuaim ghearr cosúil le &quot;bhuf&quot;. Déanann siad fuaim &quot;pok&quot; mar a bheadh fia ann, ar chúiseanna nach bhfuil soiléir; is minice a chloistear í ag conablaigh chreiche, áfach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 256–258.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 62.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;
Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_28_-_Buffalo_Zoo_(1).jpg|alt=Image of tiger barring teeth|Tíogar Amúrach ag nochtadh a chuid fiacla mar chomhartha ionsaitheachta
Íomhá:Sumatran_tiger_(Panthera_tigris_sumatrae)_vocalising.webm|alt=Video of tiger roaring at a zoo|[[Tíogar Sumatrach]] i ngéibheann ag búireadh
Íomhá:439280_schots_angry-tiger.wav|Tíogar i gcás ag drantú agus ag drannadh
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Seilg agus aiste bia ===
[[Íomhá:RANTHAMBORE_TIGER_RESERVE.jpg|alt=Tiger attacking a sambar deer from behind, pulling on its back|mion|Tíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[fia sambar]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]]]]
Is [[feoiliteoir]] agus [[forchreachadóir]] é an tíogar. Glactar leis gurb iad [[Líonmhaireacht (éiceolaíocht)|líonmhaireacht]] agus meáchan coirp na speiceas creiche is príomhchritéir do rogha creiche an tíogair, laistigh agus lasmuigh de thearmainn chosanta mar aon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/104/6/1302/7241439|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2023|issn=0022-2372|pages=1302–1316|volume=104|issue=6|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyad069|language=en|author=Biswas, S.; Kumar, S.; Bandhopadhyay, M.; Patel, S. K.; Lyngdoh, S.; Pandav, B. &amp; Mondol, S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beathaítear iad ar [[Crúbach|chrúbaigh]] mór- agus meán-mhéideacha cosúil le [[fia sambar]], [[vaipítí Manchúrach]], [[fia eanaigh]], [[gár]] agus [[torc allta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2012|issn=0952-8369|pages=221–231|volume=286|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x|language=en|author=Hayward, M. W.; Jędrzejewski, W. &amp; Jędrzejewska, B.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12461|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2021|issn=1749-4877|pages=19–32|volume=16|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12461|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N.; Intanajitjuy, P.; Inrueang, P. &amp; Prempree, K.|pmid=32627329}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Prey selection by the Indian tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352249622000507|journal=Food Webs|date=2023|pages=e00268|volume=34|doi=10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268|language=en|author=Variar, A. S.; Anoop, N. R.; Komire, S.; Vinayan, P. A.; Sujin, N. S.; Raj, A. &amp; Prasadan, P. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is creachadóir faille é i leith speicis níos lú cosúil le [[Moncaí|moncaithe]], [[Péacóg|péacóga]] agus éin thalamh-bhunaithe eile, [[Torcán craobhach|torcáin chraobhaigh]] agus éisc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Tá corrthaifid ar ionsaithe ar [[Eilifint Áiseach|eilifíntí Áiseacha]] agus [[Srónbheannach Indiach|srónbheannaigh Indiacha]] fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=100|issue=2 &amp; 3|pages=169–189|url=https://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf|author=Karanth, K. U.|date=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Níos minice a chreachann tíogair a n-óga atá níos leochailí, áfach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures|journal=Ecology|volume=79|issue=8|pages=2852–2862|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2|jstor=176521|url=http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/758/Estimation%20of%20tiger%20densities%20in%20India%20using%20photographic%20captures%20and%20recaptures.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Nichols, J. D.|date=1998|accessdate=16 Nollaig 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beathaíonn siad ar bheostoc agus ar mhadraí i ngar do lonnaíochta in amanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Caitheann tíogair fásra, torthaí agus mianraí ó am go chéile ar mhaithe le snáithín cothaithe agus forlíonadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Perry&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Perry, R.|title=The World of the Tiger|publisher=Cassell. ASIN B0007DU2IU|pages=133–134|date=1965|location=Londain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Foghlaimíonn tíogair an dóigh le bheith ag creachadh dá máithreacha, ach is féidir gur cumas inbheirthe atá sa chreachadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (Panthera tigris amoyensis) on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320715300987|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=57–64|volume=192|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007|language=en|author=Fàbregas, M. C.; Fosgate, G. T. &amp; Koehler, G. M.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maraíonn siad go seachtainiúil go tipiciúil ag brath ar mhéid na gcreach ach caithfidh máithreacha amhail a dhéanamh níos minice.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Seilgeann teaghlaigh le chéile nuair a bhíonn na coileáin sean go leor. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 63.&lt;/ref&gt; Baineann siad úsáid as cumas a radhairc agus n-éisteachta chun creach a chuardach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 284–285.&lt;/ref&gt; Fanfaidh tíogar ag poll uisce go dtí go dtagann creach thart, go háirithe ar laethanta samhraidh teo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 288.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 120.&lt;/ref&gt; Is creachadóir luíocháin é agus cromann sé lena cheann go híseal, á cheilt san fhásra, nuair a théann sé i dtreo creiche. Malartaíonn sé idir bhogadh ar aghaidh agus fhanacht socair. Is féidir le tíogar dul ina chodladh agus fanacht san áit chéanna chomh fada le lá agus é ag feitheamh ar chreach sula ndéanann sé ionsaí nuair atá a chuid chreiche gar dó,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 119–120, 122.&lt;/ref&gt; laistigh de 30 m (98 tr) de ghnáth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Má fheiceann an chreach é roimhe sin, ní théann an cat sa tóir uirthi a thuilleadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt; Is féidir le tíogar imeacht de ráib ar luas de 56 km/h (35 mph);&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 287.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; ní reathaí fadraon é an tíogar agus géillfidh sé má sháraíonn a chreach thar achar áirithe é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;
[[Íomhá:Tiger's_killing_wild_boar.jpg|alt=Two tigers attacking a boar|deas|mion|Dhá thíogar Bheangál ag ionsaí [[torc allta]] in [[Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]]]
Ionsaíonn an tíogar ó chúl nó leis na taobhanna agus déanann sé iarracht a íobartach a chur dá chothrom. Faigheann sé greim ar a chreach lena ghéaga tosaigh, ag lúbadh agus ag casadh le linn na streachailte chun é a tharraingt síos chuig an talamh. Beireann an tíogar [[Greim scornaigh|greim ar scornach]] a íobartaigh go dtí go [[Tachtadh|dtachtar]] chun báis é.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 121.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 295.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 24.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá fórsa greime meánach ag barr na starrfhiacla de 1234.3 [[niútan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=2007|pages=573–592|volume=91|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x|language=en|author=Christiansen, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir leis an tíogair adharca, beanna, starrfhiacla agus crúba a sheachaint le greim scornaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 295–296.&lt;/ref&gt; Is marfóirí solúbtha iad tíogair ar féidir úsáid a bhaint as modhanna maraithe eile amhail scornacha a stróiceadh nó muiníl a bhriseadh. Fágtar creach mhór faoi mhíchumas de bharr greim ar chúl na speire a ghearrann an teannán. Is féidir buille ó na lapa móra [[Buabhall uisce|buabhaill uisce]] a stiúdadh nó fiú a mblaoscanna an a bhriseadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 126.&lt;/ref&gt; Maraíonn siad creach bheag le greim de dhroim an mhuiníl nó an chinn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lch. 289.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Meastar [[ráta ratha]] tíogar i mbun sealgaireachta a bheith chomh híseal le 5% nó chomh hard le 50%. Gortaíonn nó maraíonn creach mhór nó chontúirteach cosúil le gáir, buabhaill agus toirc iad ó am go chéile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Bogann tíogair a gcreach go háit phríobháideach a bhfuil fásra thart uirthi nach bhfuil níos faide ná 183 m (600 tr) uathu go tipiciúil ach tá taifid de thíogair a bhog a gcreach chomh fada le 549 m (1,801 tr). Tá siad chomh láidir sin gur féidir leo conablach buabhaill uisce a tharraingt ar feadh achair fhada. Tógann siad sos ar feadh tamaill sula n-itheann siad agus is féidir leo oiread agus 50 kg (110 lb) feola a ithe in aon sheisiún amháin ach beathaíonn siad ar chonablach amháin ar feadh cúpla lá, gan ach corrphíosa a fhágáil do bhailitheoirí.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 297–300.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iomaitheoirí ===
[[Íomhá:Tigerdholes.jpg|alt=Painting of dhole pack attacking a tiger|mion|Léaráid ón bhliain 1807 de [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]] ag ionsaí tíogair]]
I gcuid mhór dá raon dáilte, roinneann tíogair a ngnáthóg le liopaird agus le [[Madra fiáin Áiseach|madraí fiáine Áiseacha]]. De ghnáth, bíonn an lámh in uachtar acu ar an dá chreachadóir sin, cé go mbraitheann sé, i gcás an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh, ar mhéid an phaca. Tá taifid ann d'idirghníomhaíochtaí éagsúla idir an trí chreachadóir seo amhail tóraíocht, [[Cleipteasheadánachas|goideadh creiche]] agus marú díreach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=98|issue=6|pages=2114–2135|doi=10.1111/brv.12998|pmid=37449566|s2cid=259903849|author=Srivathsa, A.; Ramachandran, V.; Saravanan, P.; Sureshbabu, A.; Ganguly, D. &amp; Ramakrishnan, U.|date=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir le pacaí móra an mhadra fhiáin Áisigh tíogair a mharú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 136.&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann tíogair liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha taobh le chéile mar seilgeann siad creach atá ar mhéideanna difriúla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger ( Panthera tigris ), leopard ( Panthera pardus ) and dhole ( Cuon alpinus ) in Nagarahole, India|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|date=2000|issn=0952-8369|pages=255–265|volume=250|issue=2|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x|language=en|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Sunquist, M. E.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fuarthas amach gurbh é 91.5 kg (202 lb) meánmheáchan na gcreach a mharaigh tíogair i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole|bPáirc Náisiúnta Nagarhole]], i gcomparáid le 37.6 kg (83 lb) i gcás liopard agus 43.4 kg (96 lb) i gcás madraí fiáine Áiseacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;KaranthSunquist1995&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Karanth, K. U.|author2=Sunquist, M. E.|name-list-style=amp|title=Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests|jstor=5647|doi=10.2307/5647|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=64|issue=4|pages=439–450|bibcode=1995JAnEc..64..439K|author=Karanth, K. U. &amp; Sunquist, M. E.|date=1995}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a tháinig laghdú ar líon na gcreach i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri|bPáirc Náisiúnta Kui Buri]], lean tíogair orthu ag marú na gcreach ba mhó leo agus dhírigh liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha a n-ídiú ar chreacha beaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Is féidir le liopaird agus madraí fiáine Áiseacha araon a bheith ina gcónaí go rathúil i ngnáthóga tíogair fad a bhíonn a ndóthain bia agus clúdach fásra ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?|url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|journal=Ecological Research|date=2010|issn=0912-3814|pages=875–881|volume=25|issue=4|doi=10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1|language=en|author=Odden, M.; Wegge, P. &amp; Fredriksen, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seachas sin, Is lú a nochtann an dá speiceas sin in áiteanna a mbíonn iliomad tíogar ann. Ba é téarnamh pobail na dtíogar i [[Páirc Náisiúnta Rajaji|bPáirc Náisiúnta Rajaji]] sna 2000idí is cúis le laghdú dlús pobail liopaird.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Responses of leopard Panthera pardus to the recovery of a tiger Panthera tigris population: Response of leopard to recovery of tiger|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|date=2011|pages=806–814|volume=48|issue=3|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B. &amp; Goyal, S. P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mhacasamhail a chonacthas in dhá áiteanna eile i lár na hIndia, áit a raibh tionachar diúltach ar mhéid phacaí madraí fiáine Áiseacha ag dlús pobail tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of Prey availability and Apex predator|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.7380|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2021|issn=2045-7758|pmc=8093734|pmid=33976847|pages=4774–4785|volume=11|issue=9|doi=10.1002/ece3.7380|language=en|author=Habib, B.; Nigam P.; Ghaskadbi P. &amp; Bhandari A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí baint ag rochtain ar chreacha agus easpa tíogair le dáileadh na liopard agus na madraí fiáine Áiseacha in Kui Buri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320712005149|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2013|pages=68–78|volume=163|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016|language=en|author=Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N. &amp; Chutipong, W.}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Páirc Náisiúnta Jigme Dorji|bPáirc Náisiúnta Jigme Dorji]], chonacthas gur chuir tíogair fúthu i gcodanna doimhne na bhforaoisí fad a bhí na creachadóirí beaga brúite amach ar a n-imill.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The ecological benefit of tigers (Panthera tigris) to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314337|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=119–125|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015|language=en|author=Thinley, P.; Rajaratnam, R.; Lassoie, J. P.; Morreale, S. J.; Curtis, P. D.; Vernes, K.; Leki Leki; Phuntsho, S.; Dorji, T. &amp; Dorji, P.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Atáirgeadh agus saolré ===
[[Íomhá:Tigeress_with_cubs_in_Kanha_Tiger_reserve.jpg|alt=Tiger with cubs|mion|Clann tíogair Bheangál in Anaclann Tíogair Kanha]]
[[Cúpláil|Cúplálann]] an tíogar le linn na bliana ar fad go ginearálta agus idir mhí na Samhna agus mí Aibreáin ach go háirithe. Bíonn tíogair bhaineanna in éastras ar feadh thrí go sé lá san am deighilte de réir eatramh trí go naoi seachtaine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Cúplálann fireannaigh chónaitheacha leis na baineannaigh ar fad laistigh dá raon baile a léiríonn a ngabhálacht dó trí bhúireadh agus trí mharcáil.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 42&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 145.&lt;/ref&gt; Mealltar fireannaigh neamhchónaitheacha níos óige fosta, rud a chothaíonn troideanna ina díbríonn an fireannach cónaitheach an forghabhálaí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Breeding behaviour of the tiger Panthera tigris in Rajasthan|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|date=1967|issn=0074-9664|pages=133–147|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x|language=en|author=Sankhala, K. S.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; Bíonn an fireannach cúramach i dtaobh an bhaineannaigh go dtí go gcuireann sí a gabhálacht cúplála dó trí í féin a chur i [[lordóis]] lena heireaball ar leataobh. Maireann an [[Cúpláil|chúpláil]] níos lú ná 20 soicind de ghnáth nuair a bheireann an fireannach greim ar bhaic mhuiníl an bhaineannaigh. Nuair a chríochnaíonn siad, tarraingíonn an fireannach siar go gasta mar is féidir go gcasfadh an baineannach agus buille a thabhairt dó.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; Féadfaidh péirí tíogar fanacht le chéile suas go ceithre lá agus cúplálfaidh siad scata uaireanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 148.&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann an [[tréimhse iompair]] thart ar nó thar thrí mhí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Beireann tíogar baineann in áit scoite, pé acu fásra dlúth, in uaibh nó faoi fhothain chloiche atá ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 45.&lt;/ref&gt; Bíonn líon an áil chomh hard le seacht gcoileán ach is gnáiche dhá nó trí choileán.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Meánn coileáin nua-bheirthe 785–1,610 g (27.7–56.8 oz) agus tá siad dall agus neamhfhorbartha ([[Seanórthúileacht agus altramacht|altramach]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Líonn agus glanann an mháthair a coileáin, diúlann sí iad agus cosaíonn sí iad go fíochmhar ar aon bhagairtí féideartha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt; Osclaíonn coileáin a súile agus iad trí lá go ceithre lá dhéag d'aois agus éiríonn a radharc soiléir tar éis cúpla seachtain eile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Is féidir leo an láthair phluaise tar éis dhá mhí agus tosaíonn siad ag ithe feola thart ar an am chéanna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 50–51.&lt;/ref&gt; Ní fhágann an mháthair ina n-aonar iad ach amháin agus í ag seilg agus fiú leis sin, ní théann sí i bhfad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 50.&lt;/ref&gt; Má cheapann sí nach bhfuil áit sábhailte a thuilleadh, bogann sí a coileáin go ceantar nua, á n-iompar coileán ar choileán le greim ar bhaic a muiníl lena béal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 51.&lt;/ref&gt; D'uasmhéadaigh tíogar baineann amháin i dTearmann Bithsféir Sikhote-Alin an t-am a chaith sí lena coileán trí laghdú a dhéanamh ar mhéid a raoin bhaile, creach níos mó a mharú agus filleadh níos tapúla ar an phluais ná mar a dhéanfadh sí gan choileáin; nuair a thosaigh na coileáin ag ithe feola, thug sí chun na láithreacha maraithe iad, rud a d'optamaigh a gcosaint agus a rochtain ar bhia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|journal=Mammal Research|date=2020|issn=2199-2401|pages=245–253|volume=65|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x|language=en|author=Petrunenko, Y. K.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. S.; Mukhacheva, A. S.; Rybin, N. N. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa tearmann chéanna, fuair coileán amháin de 21 choileán thar 8 mbliana monatóireachta agus níor athraigh an bhásmhaireacht pé acu óga fireanna nó baineanna a bhí ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12147|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2015-07|issn=1749-4877|pages=344–353|volume=10|issue=4|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12147|language=en|author=Hugh S. Robinson, John M. Goodrich, Dale G. Miquelle, Clayton S. Miller, Ivan V. Seryodkin|pmid=26096683}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh monatóireacht tíogair in [[Anaclann Tíogair Ranthambore]] ráta marthanais thart ar 85% don 74 choileán fhireanna agus bhaineanna, mhéadaigh an ráta marthanais go 97% d'fhireannaigh agus do bhaineannaigh aon go dhá bhliain d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population in a semi-arid region of western India|url=https://bmczool.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|journal=BMC Zoology|date=2017|issn=2056-3132|volume=2|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y|language=en|author=Sadhu, A.; Jayam, P. P. C.; Qureshi, Q.; Shekhawat, R. S.; Sharma, S. &amp; Jhala, Y. V.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cúiseanna básmhaireachta ab ea iad creachadóirí, tuillte, tinte, bás na máthar agus loit bháis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 51.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Temporal Variation in Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) Populations and its Implications for Monitoring|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=2009|issn=0022-2372|pages=472–478|volume=90|issue=2|doi=10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C. D.; McDougal, C.; Smith, J. L. D.; Gurung, B.; Bhatta, S. R.; Kumal, S.; Mahato, B. &amp; Taman, D. B.|bibcode=2009JMamm..90..472B}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;[[Íomhá:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg|alt=Tigress with cub in snow|mion|Tíogar Amúrach baineann lena coileán i [[Zú Buffalo]]]]
Tá na coileáin in ann a máthair a leanúint tar éis thart ar dhá mhí. Téann siad i bhfolach san fhásra nuair a sheilgeann sí fós. Cruthaíonn na hóga ceangail le chéile trí shúgradh troda agus cleachtadh stalcaireachta. Forbraíonn ordlathas laistigh den ál agus is é an coileán is mó, fireann de ghnáth, a mbíonn an smacht aige agus a itheann a sháith ag conablach ar dtús.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 61, 66–67.&lt;/ref&gt; Thart ar aois a ndá mhí a scoitheann na coileáin den chíoch agus a bhíonn níos mó saoirse acu a dtimpeallacht a imscrúdú. Idir ocht agus deich mí, tionlacann siad a máthair san fhiach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; Is féidir le coileáin creach a mharú chomh luath le 11 mhí agus a neamhspleáchas a bhaint amach mar óga idir 18 agus 24 mhí d'aois; baineann fireannaigh a neamhspleáchas amach níos luaithe ná baineannaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schaller|1967}}, lgh. 270, 276.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt; Thosaigh tíogair a raibh coiléir raidió orthu in Chitwan ag fágáil a n-áiteanna breithe ag 19 mí d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; Baineann baineannaigh óga a [[lánfhástacht ghnéasach]] amach faoi thrí go ceithre bliana d'aois ach na fireannaigh faoi cheithre go cúig bliana d'aois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá [[fad glúine]] an tíogair thart ar 7–10 mbliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Generation length for mammals|url=http://natureconservation.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1343|journal=Nature Conservation|date=2013|issn=1314-3301|pages=89–94|volume=5|doi=10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734|author=Pacifici, M.; Santini, L.; Di Marco, M.; Baisero, D.; Francucci, L.; Grottolo Marasini, G.; Visconti, P. &amp; Rondinini, C.|bibcode=2013NaCon...5...89P}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maireann tíogair Bheangál fhiáine idir 12–15 bliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Survival strategy–Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India|url=https://jad.lu.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.html|journal=Journal of Animal Diversity|date=2023|issn=1026-2288|pages=43–54|volume=5|issue=3|doi=10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5|language=en|author=Majumdar, A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thug sonraí an [[Leabhar graí|Leabhar Graí]] Tíogar Idirnáisiúnta 1938–2018 le fios gur mhair tíogair ghafa suas le 19 mbliana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Sex‐specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo‐housed tiger ( Panthera tigris ): The importance of sub‐species for conservation|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21610|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2021-07|issn=0733-3188|pages=320–329|volume=40|issue=4|doi=10.1002/zoo.21610|language=en|author=Tidière, M.; Müller, P.; Sliwa, A.; Siberchicot, A. &amp; Douay, G.|pmid=33861886}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Níl ról ag an athair i dtógáil a áil ach buaileann sé leo agus déanann sé caidreamh leo. Tugann an fireannach cónaitheach cuairt ar na teaghlaigh bhaineannach-coileán laistigh dá raon baile. Buaileann siad le chéile agus roinneann siad conablaigh fiú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 59, 89.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 55–56.&lt;/ref&gt; Taifeadadh fireannach amháin a thug aire do choileáin dá bhfuair a máthair bás.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|teideal=India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs|údar=Pandey, G.|dáta=2011|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|dátarochtana=14 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408231242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13598386|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cosaíonn an fireannach na baineannaigh agus na coileáin ar fhireannaigh eile agus é ag cosaint a raoin bhaile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lch. 59.&lt;/ref&gt; Nuair a ghlacann fireannach nua seilbh ar raon baile, bíonn coileáin spleácha i mbaol an [[Naímharú|naímharaithe]] agus an fireannach ag iarraidh a óga féin a ghineadh leis na baineannaigh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 66.&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht staidéar seacht mbliana i bPáirc Náisiúnta Chitwan gur mharaigh fireannaigh nua a chloígh raonta baile 12 de 56 choileán agus óga a raibh taifead orthu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;

=== Sláinte agus galair ===
Tá taifid ann de thíogair mar óstaigh sheadáin éagsúla amhail péisteanna ribíneacha cosúil le ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] erinacei'', ''[[Taenia pisiformis]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Toxocara]]'' san India agus speicis ''[[Physaloptera]] preputialis'', ''[[Dirofilaria]] ursi'' agus ''Uiteinarta'' sa tSibéir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Tá sé ar eolas go mbíonn [[conslaod]] le fáil i dtíogair Amúracha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Canine Distemper Virus: an Emerging Disease in Wild Endangered Amur Tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica )|url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00410-13|journal=mBio|date=2013|issn=2161-2129|pmc=3747579|pmid=23943758|volume=4|issue=4|doi=10.1128/mBio.00410-13|language=en|author=Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. &amp; McAloose, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ionfhabhtú morbillivíris is é is dóichí a bheith mar chúis báis tíogair bhaininn i gCianoirthear na Rúise a raibh tástáil dhearfach ar an [[Painleocaipéine fhéilíneach|phainleocaipéine fhéilíneach]] agus an [[Coróinvíreas féilíneach|choróinvíreas fhéilíneach]] aici.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Morbillivirus Infection in a Wild Siberian Tiger in the Russian Far East|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/46/4/1252/121390/Morbillivirus-Infection-in-a-Wild-Siberian-Tiger|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2010|issn=0090-3558|pages=1252–1256|volume=46|issue=4|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252|language=en|author=Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léirigh samplaí fola ó 11 thíogar fhásta sa Neipeal [[antasubstaintí]] le haghaidh [[Conpharvaivíreas|conpharvaivíris]]-2, [[Heirpéasvíreas féilíneach|heirpéasvíris fhéilínigh]], córóinvíris féilínigh, [[Leiptispioróis|leiptispioróise]] agus ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal|url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/57/2/393/451344/Serologic-Survey-of-Selected-Pathogens-in-Free|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|date=2021|issn=0090-3558|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046|author=McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. &amp; Kaufman, G. E.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bagairtí ==
Liostaítear an tíogar mar ainmhí [[Speiceas i mbaol|i mbaol]] ar [[Liosta Dearg an AICD]] ón bhliain 1986 agus ceaptar gur laghdaigh pobal domhanda an tíogair go leanúnach ó phobal measta 5,000–8,262 thíogar sna 1990idí déanacha go 3,726–5,578 n-indibhid mheasta sa bhliain 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; I rith na mblianta 2001–2020, ísligh tírdhreacha ar a chónaíonn tíogair ó 1,025,488 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (395,943 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) go 911,901 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (352,087 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot; /&gt; [[Scriosadh gnáthóige]], [[ilroinnt gnáthóige]] agus [[póitseáil]] ar son fhionnaidh agus chodanna coirp is ea iad na bagairtí mhóra a chur le laghdú na bpobal tíogar i ngach tír dá raon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Tá láithreacha cosanta i lár na hIndia scartha go mór ó chéile mar gheall ar infreastruchtúr líneach cosúil le bóithre, iarnróid, [[Líne tharchuir|línte tharchuir]], cainéil [[Uisciú|uiscithe]] agus gníomhaíochtaí [[Mianadóireacht|miandóireachta]] ina ndúiche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human‐dominated tiger‐conservation landscape|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.13909|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2022|issn=0888-8892|pmc=9545158|pmid=35288989|volume=36|issue=4|doi=10.1111/cobi.13909|language=en|author=Schoen, J. M.; Neelakantan, A.; Cushman, S. A.; Dutta, T.; Habib, B.; Jhala, Y. V.; Mondal, I.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reddy, P. A.; Saini, S. &amp; Sharma, S.|bibcode=2022ConBi..36E3909S}}&lt;/ref&gt; I [[Réigiún Tanintharyi]] na Malaeisia Theas, is iad [[dífhoraoisiú]] chomh maith le gníomhaíochtaí mianadóireachta agus brú sealgaireachta ard a bhagraíonn an pobal tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Surveys in southern Myanmar indicate global importance for tigers and biodiversity|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001393/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2017|issn=0030-6053|pages=13–13|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001393|language=en|author=Aung, S. S.; Shwe, N. M.; Frechette, J.; Grindley, M. &amp; Connette, G.|bibcode=2017Oryx...51...13A}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá naoi gcinn den 15 thearmann chosanta a bhfuil tíogair iontu iargúlta agus scartha ó chéile sa Téalainn, fíric a fhágann go bhfuil dóchúlacht scaipthe íseal idir eadarthu; níl tíogair le fáil i gceithre acu seo ó thart ar an bhliain 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Habitat connectivity for endangered Indochinese tigers in Thailand|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989421002687|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2021|pages=e01718|volume=29|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01718|language=en|author=Suttidate, N.; Steinmetz, R.; Lynam, A. J.; Sukmasuang, R.; Ngoprasert, D.; Chutipong, W.; Bateman, B. L.; Jenks, K. E.; Baker-Whatton, M.; Kitamura, S. &amp; Ziółkowska, E.|bibcode=2021GEcoC..2901718S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Glanadh 8,315.7 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (3,210.7 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) de ghnáthóg thíogair idir 1988–2012, an chuid is mó de ar mhaithe le plandálacha tionsclaíocha, sa Mhalaeisia leithinse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Expansion of Industrial Plantations Continues to Threaten Malayan Tiger Habitat|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/7/747|journal=Remote Sensing|date=2017|issn=2072-4292|pages=747|volume=9|issue=7|doi=10.3390/rs9070747|language=en|author=Shevade, V. S.; Potapov, P. V.; Harris, N. L. &amp; Loboda, T. V.|bibcode=2017RemS....9..747S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir faighte seilbhe talún ar an mhórchóir de thart ar 23,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (8,900 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ar mhaithe le [[talmhaíocht]] thráchtála agus baint adhmad sa Chambóid go mór le hilroinnt gnáthóige féidearthaí tíogair sna hOirmhachairí ach go háirithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Future governance options for large-scale land acquisition in Cambodia: Impacts on tree cover and tiger landscapes|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1462901118306300|journal=Environmental Science &amp; Policy|date=2019|pages=9–19|volume=94|doi=10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.031|language=en|author=Debonne, N.; van Vliet, J. &amp; Verburg, P.|bibcode=2019ESPol..94....9D}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is bagairt é an [[Ísliú ionphóraithe|t-ísliú ionphóraithe]] mar aon le scriosadh gnáthóige, easpa acmhainní creiche agus póitseáil do phobal tíogair beag iargúlta i [[Sléibhte Changbai]] feadh na teorann Síne–Rúise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12712|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2023|issn=1749-4877|pages=994–1008|volume=18|issue=6|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12712|language=en|author=Wang, D.; Smith, J. L.; Accatino, F.; Ge, J. &amp; Wang, T.|pmid=36881515}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba sprioc fheachtas 'fhrith-lotnaide' ar an mhórchóir iad tíogair sa tSín sna 1950idí luatha, áit a raibh gnáthóga cuí scartha ó chéile tar éis dífhoraoisithe agus athlonnaithe daoine a sheilg tíogair agus speicis chreiche mar aon go ceantair faoin tuath. Cé gur cuireadh cosc ar sheilg tíogair sa bhliain 1977, níor stop laghdú an phobail agus glactar leis gur díothaithe sa [[An tSín-Theas|tSín-Theas]] atá an tíogar ón bhliain 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis : field survey of priority tiger reserves|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605304000079/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2004|issn=0030-6053|pages=40–47|volume=38|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605304000079|language=en|author=Tilson, R.; Defu, H.; Muntifering, J. &amp; Nyhus, P. J.|bibcode=2004Oryx...38...40T}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Panthera tigris ssp. amoyensis|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15965/5334628|date=2008|doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t15965a5334628.en|language=en|author=Nyhus, P.|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|volume=2008|issue=e.T15965A5334628}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_jager_poseert_bij_de_huid_van_een_geschoten_tijger_bij_Kalitapakdoewoer_TMnr_10024166.jpg|alt=Tiger rug displayed on wall behind a man with a gun|mion|Seithe [[Tíogar Iávach|thíogair Iávaigh]], 1915]]
Is iad pobail thíogair na hIndia sprioc na bpóitseálaithe ó na 2990idí agus scriosadh na pobail in dhá thearmann tíogair sna blianta 2005 agus 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Recovery of tigers in India: Critical introspection and potential lessons|url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pan3.10177|journal=People and Nature|date=2021|issn=2575-8314|pages=281–293|volume=3|issue=2|doi=10.1002/pan3.10177|language=en|author=Jhala, Y.; Gopal, R.; Mathur, V.; Ghosh, P.; Negi, H. S.; Narain, S.; Yadav, S. P.; Malik, A.; Garawad, R. &amp; Qureshi, Q.|bibcode=2021PeoNa...3..281J}}&lt;/ref&gt; Braitheadh 630 gníomhaíochtaí sealgairí a d'úsáid súile ribe, sruthlíonta, ardáin sheilge agus madraí seilge i dtearmann foraoise 1000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (390 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) i ndeisceart na Malaeisia idir mhí an Mhárta 2017 agus mí Eanáir 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic pressure on large carnivores and their prey in the highly threatened forests of Tanintharyi, southern Myanmar|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605321001654/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=262–271|volume=57|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0030605321001654|language=en|author=Shwe, N. M.; Grainger, M.; Ngoprasert, D.; Aung, S. S.; Grindley, M. &amp; Savini, T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceapadh gurbh í [[Páirc Náisiúnta Nam Et-Phou Louey]] an áit thábhachtach dheireanach don tíogar i Laos ach níl taifead de ann ón bhliain 2013 ar a laghad; is cosúil gur íobartach na súile ribe neamhshrianta é an pobal seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam Et - Phou Louey|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419302392|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2019|pages=e00766|volume=20|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766|language=en|author=Rasphone, A.; Kéry, M.; Kamler, J. F. &amp; Macdonald, D. W.|bibcode=2019GEcoC..2000766R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain [[Aonad frithphóitseála|aonaid fhrithphóitseála]] i dtírdhreach [[Páirc Náisiúnta Kerinci Seblat|Kerinci Seblat]] Shumatra 362 shúil ribe tíogair agus ghabh siad 91 sheithe tíogair le linn 2005–2016; mhéadaigh rátaí bliantúla póitseála de réir mar a d'ardaigh praghas na seithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Asia's economic growth and its impact on Indonesia's tigers|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320717314581|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2018|pages=105–109|volume=219|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.011|language=en|author=Linkie, M.; Martyr, D.; Harihar, A.; Mardiah, S.; Hodgetts, T.; Risdianto, D.; Subchaan, M. &amp; Macdonald, D.|bibcode=2018BCons.219..105L}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is í an phóitseáil an bhagairt is mó atá roimh an phobal tíogair sa Rúis chianoirthearach, áit a n-éascaíonn bóithre lománaíochta rochtain do phóitseálaithe agus daoine atá ag baint táirgí atá tábhachtach chun go mbeidh speicis chreiche in ann maireachtáil tríd an gheimhreadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of a Vulnerable coniferous forest specialist: habitat selection by the Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001617/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2019|issn=0030-6053|pages=174–180|volume=53|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001617|language=en|author=Slaght, J. C.; Milakovsky, B.; Maksimova, D. A.; Zaitsev, V. A.; Seryodkin, I.; Panichev, A. &amp; Miquelle, D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Braitheadh codanna coirp 207 dtíogar le linn 21 shuirbhé le linn 1991–2014 in dhá mhargaí fiadhúlra i Maenmar a fhreastalaíonn ar chustaiméirí sa Téalainn agus sa tSín.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trade in tigers and other wild cats in Mong La and Tachilek, Myanmar – A tale of two border towns|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320714004121|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2015|pages=1–7|volume=182|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.031|language=en|author=Nijman, V. &amp; Shepherd, C. R.|bibcode=2015BCons.182....1N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idir 2000–2022, [[Coigistíocht|coigistíodh]] ar a laghad 3,377 dtíogar in 2,205 ghabháil in 28 dtír; 665 thíogar bheo agus 654 indibhid mharbha, 1,313 sheithe iomlána, 16,214 chuid coirp cosúil le cnámha, fiacla, lapaí, crúba, guairí agus 1.1 t (1.1 tonnaí fada; 1.2 tonnaí gearra) feoil a bhí sna gabhálacha; chuimsigh 759 ngabháil san India codanna coirp 893 thíogar; agus bhain 403 ghabháil sa Téalainn le tíogair a phóraíodh i ngéibheann go príomha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|title=Skin and Bones: Tiger Trafficking Analysis from January 2000 – June 2022|author=Wong, R. &amp; Krishnasamy, K.|date=2022|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office|access-date=1 Márta 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117215040/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/19714/skin_and_bones_tiger_trafficking_analysis_from_january_2000_to_june_2022_r7.pdf|archive-date=17 Eanáir 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuimsigh gabhálacha le linn Eanáir 2020 agus Meitheamh 2025 573 thíogar i measc 765 eachtra gabhála, ina measc sin 313 thíogar san India agus 127 dtíogar san Indinéis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|title=Beyond Skin and Bones: A 25-Year Analysis of Tiger Seizures from 2000 to June 2025. (Tuairisc)|author=Wong, R. &amp; Krishnasamy, K.|date=2025|publisher=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC|access-date=11 Feabhra 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260317011016/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/29537/full_report_skin_and_bones_2025_v6_highres.pdf|archive-date=17 Márta 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair gabhálacha sa Neipeal idir Eanáir 2011 agus Nollaig 2015 585 chuid coirp tíogair agus dhá chonablach iomlána in 19 gceantar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Trends, patterns, and networks of illicit wildlife trade in Nepal: A national synthesis|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.247|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2020|issn=2578-4854|volume=2|issue=9|doi=10.1111/csp2.247|language=en|author=Paudel, P. K.; Acharya, K. P.; Baral, H. S.; Heinen, J. T. &amp; Jnawali, S. R.|bibcode=2020ConSP...2E.247P}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léiríonn sonraí gabhála ón India gurb iad seithí na dtíogar ar an chuid coirp is mó trádála, á leanúint ag crúba, cnámha agus fiacla le linn 2001–2021; chuaigh na bealaí gáinneála trí na stáit Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu agus Assam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The tide of tiger poaching in India is rising! An investigation of the intertwined facts with a focus on conservation|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|journal=GeoJournal|date=2022|issn=1572-9893|pmc=9005341|pmid=35431409|pages=753–766|volume=88|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4|language=en|author=Nittu, G.; Shameer, T. T.; Nishanthini, N. K. &amp; Sanil, R.|bibcode=2023GeoJo..88..753N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Coigistíodh 292 chuid tíogair mhídhleathacha ag poirt iontrála SAM ó bhagáiste pearsanta, aerlasta agus phost idir 2003 agus 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Patterns of illegal and legal tiger parts entering the United States over a decade (2003–2012)|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.622|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2022|issn=2578-4854|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.1111/csp2.622|language=en|author=Khanwilkar, S.; Sosnowski, M. &amp; Guynup, S.|bibcode=2022ConSP...4E.622K}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá tóir mhór ar chodanna tíogair le haghaidh an [[Leigheas traidisiúnta Síneach|leighis thraidisiúnta Shínigh]] ar bhagairt ollmhór do phobail na dtíogar atá ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Van Uhm, D. P.|date=2016|title=The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)|pages=lgh. 224–226|publisher=Springer|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nocht agallaimh le muintir na háite i Sundarbans na Bainglaidéise go maraíonn siad tíogair le haghaidh ithe áitiúil agus trádáil na seithí, cnáimhe agus feola mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus ar mhaithe le fuadair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Who is killing the tiger Panthera tigris and why?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316000491/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=46–54|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316000491|language=en|author=Saif, S.; Rahman, H. T. &amp; MacMillan, D. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Itheann Banglaidéisigh shaibhre codanna coirp tíogair cosúil le seithí, cnámha, fiacla agus fionnadh go háitiúil agus gáinneáiltear go mídhleathach ón Bhainglaidéis go 15 thír ar nós na hIndia, na Síne, na Malaeisia, na Cóiré, Vítneam, na Cambóide, na Seapáine agus na Ríochta Aontaithe trí theorainneacha talún, aerfoirt agus calafoirt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tigers at a crossroads: Shedding light on the role of Bangladesh in the illegal trade of this iconic big cat|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.12952|journal=Conservation Science and Practice|date=2023|issn=2578-4854|volume=5|issue=7|doi=10.1111/csp2.12952|language=en|author=Uddin, N.; Enoch, S.; Harihar, A.; Pickles, R. S. &amp; Hughes, A. C.|bibcode=2023ConSP...5E2952U}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gliú cnáimhe tíogair is ea an táirge tíogair is mó ceannaithe le haghaidh feidhmeanna leighis i [[Hanáí]] agus i [[Cathair Ho Chi Minh|gCathair Ho Chi Minh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An updated analysis of the consumption of tiger products in urban Vietnam|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989419307449|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2020|pages=e00960|volume=22|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00960|language=en|author=Davis, E. O.; Willemsen, M.; Dang, V.; O'Connor, D. &amp; Glikman, J. A.|bibcode=2020GEcoC..2200960D}}&lt;/ref&gt; Póraíonn áiseanna &quot;feirm thíogair&quot; sa tSín agus in iardheisceart na hÁise tíogair le haghaidh a gcodanna coirp ach is cosúil gur measa an bhagairt do phobail fhiáine sa mhéid is go méadaíonn sé an t-éileamh atá ar tháirgí tíogair.&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/news/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesnt-explain-about-captive-tigers/|teideal=Captive Tigers Aren’t Conservation|údar=Henry, L.|dáta=2020|language=en-us|work=World Wildlife Fund|dátarochtana=19 Feabhra 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220001943/https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/5-things-tiger-king-doesn-t-explain-about-captive-tigers|archivedate=20 Feabhra 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bagairt eile in roinnt tíortha laistigh de raon an tíogair ná go maraíonn daoine áitiúla tíogair mar dhíoltas as ionsaí agus beathú ar bheostoc, mar sin cuireann an toradh seo den [[An choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra|choinbhleacht daonna-fiadhúlra]] le hísliú an phobail fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Characterizing human–tiger conflict in and around Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research|date=2015|issn=1612-4642|pages=255–261|volume=61|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z|language=en|author=Singh, R.; Nigam, P.; Qureshi, Q.; Sankar, K.; Krausman, P. R.; Goyal, S. P. &amp; Nicholoson, K. L.|bibcode=2015EJWR...61..255S}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ecopsychosocial Aspects of Human–Tiger Conflict: An Ethnographic Study of Tiger Widows of Sundarban Delta, India|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.4137/EHI.S24899|journal=Environmental Health Insights|date=2016|issn=1178-6302|pmc=4712980|pmid=26792997|pages=EHI.S24899|volume=10|doi=10.4137/EHI.S24899|language=en|author=Chowdhurym, A. N.; Mondal, R.; Brahma, A. &amp; Biswas, M. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Living with tigers Panthera tigris : patterns, correlates, and contexts of human–tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605316001587/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2018|issn=0030-6053|pages=55–65|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1017/S0030605316001587|language=en|author=Dhungana, R.; Savini, T.; Karki, J. B.; Dhakal, M.; Lamichhane, B. R. &amp; Bumrungsri, S.|bibcode=2018Oryx...52...55D}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Unraveling the complexity of human–tiger conflicts in the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra|url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acv.12591|journal=Animal Conservation|date=2020|issn=1367-9430|pages=741–749|volume=23|issue=6|doi=10.1111/acv.12591|language=en|author=Lubis, M. I.; Pusparini, W.; Prabowo, S. A.; Marthy, W.; Tarmizi; Andayani, N. &amp; Linkie, M.|bibcode=2020AnCon..23..741L}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Settlements and plantations are sites of human–tiger interactions in Riau, Indonesia|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605322000667/type/journal_article|journal=Oryx|date=2023|issn=0030-6053|pages=476–480|volume=57|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0030605322000667|language=en|author=Neo, W. H. Y.; Lubis, M. I. &amp; Lee, J. S. H.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caomhnú ==
{{Main|Caomhnú an Tíogair}}
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Tíogar na 21ú hAoise}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable floatright&quot;
|+ Pobal domhanda na dtíogar fiáin
!Tír
!Bliain
!Meastachán
|-
| {{flagicon|India}} [[An India]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |3,167–3,682&lt;ref name=&quot;:28&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. &amp; Mallick, A.|date=2023|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF)|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority &amp; Wildlife Institute of India|location=Deilí Nua, Dehradun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf |date=2024-05-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[An Rúis]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |573–600&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|teideal=Global Tiger Recovery Program 2.0 (2023-34) (Tuairisc)|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|language=en-US|foilsitheoir=Global Tiger Forum|údar=Global Tiger Forum and the Global Tiger Initiative Council|dáta=2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408150606/https://globaltigerforum.org/global-tiger-recovery-program-2-0-2023-34/|archivedate=8 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Indonesia}}[[An Indinéis]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |393&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Nepal}}[[Neipeal]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |316–355&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|year=2022|title=Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022|location=Kathmandu, Neipeal|publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment|url=https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf|author=DNPWC &amp; DFSC}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408104009/https://dnpwc.gov.np/media/files/Status_of_Tigers_Ic2ylSC.pdf |date=2023-04-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Thailand}}[[An Téalainn]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |148–189&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Malaysia}}[[An Mhalaeisia]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |&lt;150&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Bhutan}}[[An Bhútáin]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |131&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Department of Forests and Park Services|date=2023|title=National Tiger Survey 2021–22|publisher=Rialtas na Bútaine|location=Thimphu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Bangladesh}}[[An Bhanglaidéis]]|| 2022|| align=&quot;right&quot; |118–122&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Begum, S.|date=30 Iúil 2024|title=Tiger population in Sundarban rises by 8-10pc in 2024|publisher=Daily Observer|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=482816}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|China}}[[An tSín]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot;|&gt;60&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| {{Bratach|Myanmar}}[[Maenmar]]|| 2022 || align=&quot;right&quot; |28&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
| '''Iomlán'''|| || align=&quot;right&quot; |'''5,638–5,899'''
|}
Cosaítear an tíogar go hidirnáisiúnta faoi [[CITES|Fhoscríbhinn I CITES]] a chuireann cosc ar thrádáil tíogar beo agus ar a gcodanna coirp.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Tá cosc ar sheilg an tíogair ón bhliain 1952 sa [[An Rúis|Rúis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Sludskii|1992}}, lch. 202.&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé á chosaint sa [[An Bhútáin|Bhútáin]] ón bhliain 1969 agus á chosaint ina iomlán ón bhliain 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;:30&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan (2018-2023): A landscape approach to tiger conservation (Tuairisc)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/doi/10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|date=2018|doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089|language=en|author=Tandin, T.; Penjor, U.; Tempa, T.; Dhendup, P.; Dorji, S.; Wangdi, S. &amp; Moktan, V.|publisher=Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests.|location=Thimphu, an Bhútáin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tugtar an leibhéal cosanta is airde don tíogar san India faoi réir [[An tAcht um (Chosaint) Fiadhúlra, 1972 (India)|an tAcht um (Chosaint) Fiadhúlra, 1972]], ón bhliain sin ar aghaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Aryal, R. S.|date=2004|title=CITES Implementation in Nepal and India|journal=Law, Policy and Practice|location=Kathmandu|publisher=Bhrikuti Academic Publications. ISBN 99933-673-4-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá sé cosanta in [[Neipeal]] agus sa Bhainglaidéis ón bhliain 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt; Cosaítear go hiomlán ón bhliain 1976 ar aghaidh sa [[An Mhalaeisia|Mhalaeisia]] faoi réir an Achta um Chosaint Fiadhúlra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|title=The Malayan Tiger Conservation Programme (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers|date=2006|publisher=Kuala Lumpur: Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia|access-date=9 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409203438/https://conservewildcats.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/WildCats/ProjectReports/Malaysia/MYCATFinalreport2006-07.pdf|archive-date=9 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus d'ardaigh Acht um Chaomhnú Fiadhúlra na tíre sin a cuireadh i bhfeidhm sa bhliain 2010 na pionóis ar mhaithe le coireanna atá bainteach leis an fhiadhúlra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Tá sé cosanta san [[An Indinéis|Indinéis]] ón bhliain 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|title=Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) Indonesia 2007-2017. (PDF)|author=Ministry of Forestry|date=2007|publisher=Jakarta: Government of Indonesia|access-date=12 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923144656/https://globaltigerforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/indonesia.pdf|archive-date=23 Meán Fómhair 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireadh cosc ar thrádáil codanna coirp an tíogair i bhfeidhm sa [[An tSín|tSín]] sa bhliain 1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Transnational environmentalism and entanglements of sovereignty: The tiger campaign across the Himalayas|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629812000741|journal=Political Geography|date=2012|pages=408–418|volume=31|issue=7|doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.06.003|language=en|author=Yeh, E. T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuireadh an tAcht um Chaomhnú agus Chosaint an Fhiadhúlra i bhfeidhm sa [[An Téalainn|Téalainn]] sa bhliain 2019 chun dul i ngleic le póitseáil agus trádáil na gcodanna coirp.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|teideal=The future of Panthera tigris in Thailand and globally|údar=Kampongsun, S.|dáta=2022|language=en|work=IUCN|foilsitheoir=IUCN|dátarochtana=8 Aibreán 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519211154/https://www.iucn.org/story/202208/future-panthera-tigris-thailand-and-globally|archivedate=19 Bealtaine 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bunaíodh an [[An tÚdarás Náisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Tíogair (India)|tÚdarás Náisiúnta um Chaomhnú an Tíogair]] agus [[Project Tiger (India)|''Project Tiger'']] san [[An India|India]] sa bhliain 1973 chun tacaíocht an phobail a chothú i leith chaomhnú an tíogair.&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot; /&gt; Ó shin i leith, bunaíodh 53 [[Tearmainn tíogair na hIndia|thearmann tíogair]] a chuimsíonn achar de 75,796 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (29,265 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) sa tír go dtí an bhliain 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:28&quot; /&gt; Chuir na cuir chuige seo go mór le téarnamh na bpobal tíogair san India idir 2006 agus 2018 sa mhéid is go bhfaightear laistigh d'achar 138,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (53,400 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;ref /&gt;

Cuimsíonn straitéis náisiúnta caomhnaithe tíogair [[Maenmar|Mhaenmar]] a forbraíodh in 2003 tascanna bainistíochta ar nós athchóiriú gnáthóg dhíghrádaithe, méadú fairsingeacht na gceantar cosanta agus na gconairí fiadhúlra, cosaint speiceas creiche tíogair, bacadh maraithe tíogair agus trádáil mhídhleathach a gcodanna coirp agus cur chun cinn eolas an phobail dhaonna le cláracha oideachais fiadhúlra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Developing a National Tiger Action Plan for the Union of Myanmar|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|journal=Environmental Management|date=2006|issn=0364-152X|pages=30–39|volume=37|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9|language=en|author=Lynam, A. J.; Khaing, S. T. &amp; Zaw, K. M.|pmid=16362487|bibcode=2006EnMan..37...30L}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain an chéad Phlean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair de chuid na Bútáine a cuireadh i bhfeidhm idir 2006–2015 le caomhnú gnáthóige, bainistíocht coinbhleachta daonna–fiadhúlra, oideachas agus feasacht an phobail; ba í cuspóir an dara Phlean Gníomhaíochta ná pobal tíogair na tíre a ardú 20% faoin bhliain 2023 i gcomparáid le 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;:30&quot; /&gt; Túsaíodh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Banglaidéise sa bhliain 2009 chun pobal tíogair na tíre a chobhsú, gnáthóg agus bunús creiche leordhóthanach a chaomhnú, forfheidhmiú an dlí a fheabhsú agus comhoibriú idir na gníomhaireachtaí rialtais atá freagrach as caomhnú an tíogair a chothú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Identifying landscape factors affecting tiger decline in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989418300350|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|date=2018|pages=e00382|volume=13|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00382|language=en|author=Hossain, A. N. M.; Lynam, A. J.; Ngoprasert, D.; Barlow, A.; Barlow, C. G. &amp; Savini, T.|bibcode=2018GEcoC..1300382H}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shamhlaigh Plean Gníomhaíochta Tíogair na Téalainne a [[Daingniú (Dlí)|daingníodh]] in 2010 go méadófaí pobail tíogair na tíre 50% in [[Ionad na Foraoise Iartharaí]] agus [[Ionad Foraoise Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai]] agus go n-athbhunófaí pobail i dtrí thírdhreach fhéideartha faoin bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962|title=Thailand Tiger Action Plan 2010–2022|author=Pisdamkham, C.; Prayurasiddhi, T.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Maneesai, R.; Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Simcharoen, A.; Pattanavibool, R.; Maneerat, S.; Prayoon, U.; Cutter, P. G. &amp; Smith, J. L. D.|date=2010|publisher=Bangkok: Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment|access-date=16 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145525/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303881962_Thailand_Tiger_Action_Plan_2010-2022|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba í cuspóir an Chláir Náisiúnta Athchóirithe Tíogair a daingníodh in 2010 san Indinéis ná pobal an tíogair Shumatraigh a mhéadú faoin bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Chandradewi, D. S.; Semiadi, G.; Pinondang, I.; Kheng, V. &amp; Bahaduri, L. D.|date=2019|title=A decade on: The second collaborative Sumatra-wide Tiger survey|journal=Cat News|volume=69|pages=41-42}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baineann an tríu plean gníomhaíochta agus straitéise um chaomhnú an tíogair Shumatraigh idir na blianta 2020–2030 le neartú bainistíochta na n-aonad pobal tíogair beag a bhfuil níos lú ná 20 indibhidí aibí iontu agus neartú na gceangal idir 13 cheapach foraoise sna cúigí [[Sumatra Thuaidh]] agus [[Sumatra Theas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|title=An Island-wide Status of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Principal Prey in Sumatra, Indonesia|author=Wibisono, H. T.|date=2021|publisher=(Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology). Delaware: University of Delaware|access-date=14 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505064621/https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/db24ae3d-1681-4d30-9773-4abb62cd861d/content|archive-date=5 Bealtaine 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Wild_Sumatran_tiger.jpg|alt=Night shot of a tiger face close to the camera|mion|Tíogar Sumatrach fiáin feicthe ag gaiste ceamara]]
Bhí baint ag méaduithe na bpatról frith-phóitseála i gceithre cheantar chosanta sa Rúis idir 2011–2014 le laghdú pótseála, cobhsú an phobail tíogair agus cur chun cinn chosaint a gcreach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) reserves|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12168|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2016|issn=1749-4877|pages=2–15|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1111/1749-4877.12168|language=en|author=Hötte, M. H.; Kolodin, I. A.; Bereznuk, S. L.; Slaght, J. C.; Kerley, L. L.; Soutyrina, S. V.; Salkina, G. P.; Zaumyslova, O. Y.; Stokes, E. J. &amp; Miquelle, D. G.|pmid=26458501}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fógraíodh gur coireanna meánacha agus tromchúiseacha iad an phóitseáil agus an gháinneáil faoi seach sa bhliain 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Bunaíodh oibríochtaí frithphóitseála in Neipeal sa bhliain 2010 fosta, rud a chothaigh níos mó comhoibrithe agus roinnte faisnéise idir na gníomhaireachtaí. Bhí go leor bliain “gan phóitseáil ar bith” de bharr na bpolasaithe seo agus dhúbláil pobal tíogair na tíre laistigh de dheich mbliana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Patróil fhrith-phóitseála i gcroícheantar mór 1,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (460 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) [[Taman Negara]] ba chúis le laghdú minicíochta na póitseála ó 34 heachtra braite le linn 2015–2016 go 20 eachtra idir 2018–2019; chothaigh gabhadh seacht bhfoireann póitseála agus baint súile ribe maireachtáil trí thíogar bhaineanna chónaitheacha agus ar a laghad 11 choileán.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Using a crime prevention framework to evaluate tiger counter-poaching in a Southeast Asian rainforest|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552|author=Lam, W. Y.; Phung, C. C.; Mat, Z. A.; Jamaluddin, H.; Sivayogam, C. P.; Zainal Abidin, F. A.; Sulaiman, A.; Cheok, M. K. Y.; Osama, N. A. W.; Sabaan, S.; Abu Hashim, A. K.; Booton, M. D.; Harihar, A.; Clements, G. R. &amp; Pickles, R. S. A.|bibcode=2023FrCS....413552L|pages=1213552}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imlonnaítear oifigigh airm agus póilíní le haghaidh patróil i dteannta bhaill foirne na gceantar cosanta sa Mhalaeisia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Is bearta caomhnaithe tábhachtacha iad [[conairí fiadhúlra]] mar éascaíonn siad ceangail na bpobal tíogair idir láithreacha cosanta; baineann tíogair feidhm as ar a laghad 9 gconaire a a bunaíodh I [[dTírdhreach Terai Arc]] agus [[Cnoic Sivalik]] in Neipeal agus san India araon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Connecting tiger ( Panthera tigris ) populations in Nepal: Identification of corridors among tiger‐bearing protected areas|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.10140|journal=Ecology and Evolution|date=2023|issn=2045-7758|volume=13|issue=5|doi=10.1002/ece3.10140|language=en|author=Bhatt, T. R.; Castley, J. G.; Sims-Castley, R.; Bara, H. S. &amp; Chauvenet, A. L. M.|pmid=37261321|bibcode=2023EcoEv..1310140B}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá conairí i gceantair foraoise le cúngach daonna íseal fíorfheiliúnach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Demographic and ecological correlates of a recovering tiger (Panthera tigris) population: Lessons learnt from 13-years of monitoring|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000632072030906X|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2020|pages=108848|volume=252|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108848|language=en|author=Harihar, A.; Pandav, B.; Ghosh-Harihar, M. &amp; Goodrich, J.|bibcode=2020BCons.25208848H}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Assessment of Habitat Suitability and Potential Corridors for Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Valmiki Tiger Reserve, India, Using MaxEnt Model and Least-Cost Modeling Approach|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|journal=Environmental Modeling &amp; Assessment|date=2024|issn=1420-2026|pages=405–422|volume=29|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w|language=en|author=Rahaman, M. H.; Masroor, M.; Sajjad, H. &amp; Saha, T. K.|bibcode=2024EMdAs..29..405R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aithníodh go raibh tosaíocht ard ag 12 chonaire fiadhúlra in Sumatra Thiar chun an choinbhleacht dhaonna–fiadhúlra a laghdú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Priority Corridor Zone for Human-Tiger Conflict Mitigation: A Landscape Connectivity Approach in West Sumatra Region, Indonesia|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1617138123001723|journal=Journal for Nature Conservation|date=2023|pages=126501|volume=76|doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126501|language=en|author=Rahman, H.; Hidayat, R. H.; Nofrizal, A. Y.; Wilastra, I. &amp; Nasution, A. F. R.|bibcode=2023JNatC..7626501R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shínigh an tSín agus an Rúis [[meabhrán tuisceana]] le haghaidh comhoibrithe trasteorann idir dhá cheantar chosanta, [[Páirc Náisiunta Tíogair agus Liopaird Oirthuaisceart na Síne]] agus [[Páirc Náisiúnta Thír an Liopaird]], a chuir cruthú conairí fiadhúlra agus monatóireacht agus patróil déthaobhach thar an teorainn Shín-Rúiseach san áireamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|title=Evaluation of the project on transboundary cooperation on the conservation of Amur tigers, Amur leopards and Snow leopards in North-East Asia (PDF) (Tuairisc)|author=Paudyal, B. N.|date=2023|publisher=Bangkok, An Téalainn: Coimisiún Eacnamaíoch agus Sóisialta na Náisiún Aontaithe don Áise agus don Aigéin Chiúin|access-date=7 Aibreán 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407175636/https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6674/ESCAP-2023-RP-Transboundary-cooperation-conservation-Amur-tigers-Amur-leopards-Snow-leopards-ENEA.pdf|archive-date=7 Aibreán 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scaoileadh tíogair faidhbe agus coileáin tíogair dhílleachta saor san fhiántas agus rinneadh monatóireacht orthu san India, i Sumatra agus sa Rúis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:29&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|title=Home range and movements of male translocated problem tigers in Sumatra (PDF)|author=Priatna, D.; Santosa, Y.; Prasetyo, L. B. &amp; Kartono, A. P.|date=2012|pages=1 (1): 20–30|publisher=Asian Journal of Conservation Biology|access-date=21 Mí na Samhna 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115172018/http://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers/4_AJCB-VOL1-ISSUE1-Priatna%20et%20al.pdf|archive-date=15 Mí na Samhna 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoration of the Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) Population in the Northwest of Its Distribution Area|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1062359021080239|journal=Biology Bulletin|date=2021|issn=1062-3590|pages=1401–1423|volume=48|issue=8|doi=10.1134/S1062359021080239|language=en|author=Rozhnov, V. V.; Naidenko, S. V.; Hernandez–Blanco, J. A.; Chistopolova, M. D.; Sorokin, P. A.; Yachmennikova, A. A.; Blidchenko, E. Yu.; Kalinin, A. Yu. &amp; Kastrikin, V. A.|bibcode=2021BioBu..48.1401R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá [[Athbhunú éiceolaíochta|athbhunú gnáthóige]] agus [[Athbhunú speicis|athbhunú]] speiceas creiche i measc na n-ullmhúchán atá ar siúl i dTearmann Dúlra Ile-Balkash na Casacstáine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Restoring Asia’s roar: Opportunities for tiger recovery across the historic range|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340/full|journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science|date=2023|issn=2673-611X|volume=4|doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340|author=Gray, T. N.; Rosenbaum, R.; Jiang, G.; Izquierdo, P.; Yongchao, J .I. N.; Kesaro, L.; Lyet, A.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Patterson, D. J.; Channa, P.; Jinzhe, Q. I.; Ripple, W. J.; Roberts, J. L.; Roy, S.; Shwe, N. M.; Wolf, C. &amp; Chapman, S.|bibcode=2023FrCS....424340G|pages=1124340}}&lt;/ref&gt; Glactar leis go bhfuil athbhunú tíogair indéanta in oirthear na Cambóide fad a gcuirfear feabhas ar bhainistíocht na gceantar cosanta agus a gcobhsófar caillteanas foraoise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A framework for assessing readiness for tiger Panthera tigris reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|date=2017|issn=0960-3115|pages=2383–2399|volume=26|issue=10|doi=10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1|language=en|author=Gray, T. N. E.; Crouthers, R.; Ramesh, K.; Vattakaven, J.; Borah, J.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Lim, T.; Phan, C.; Singh, R.; Long, B. &amp; Chapman, S.|bibcode=2017BiCon..26.2383G}}&lt;/ref&gt; Coimeádtar agus póraítear tíogair na Síne Theas i zúanna Síneacha agus pleanáltar go n-athbhunófar a n-óga isteach i gceantair cosanta iargúlta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:31&quot; /&gt; Chinntigh [[Clár póraithe|cláir phóraithe]] i measc [[Zú|zúanna]] go bhfuil éagsúlacht ghéiniteach dhóthanach i measc na dtíogar a fheidhmeodh mar “árachas i gcoinne díothú san fhiántas.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caidreamh le daoine ==
[[File:ElephantbackTigerHunt.jpg|thumb|Sealgaireacht tíogair ar muin eilifinte san India, 1808|alt=Dearadh de dhaoine ag fiach tíogar ar muin eilifinte]]
=== Sealgaireacht ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{Main|Sealgaireacht tíogair}}
Bhí sé de nós ag daoine daonna a bheith ag fiach na dtíogar leis na mílte bliain mar a léiríonn múrdhathanna ar [[Fothanacha Cloiche Bhimbetka|Fhothanacha Cloiche Bhimbetka]] san India a dátaíodh go 5,000–6,000 bliain ó shin. Seilgeadh fud fad a raonta san Áise iad, áit a mbíodh daoine sa tóir orthu ar muin capaill, ar muin eilifinte nó fiú le sleamhnán madraí sula marófaí le sleánna agus níos déanaí le hairm thine iad. Ba iad rialtais Áiseacha agus impireachtaí cosúil le [[hImpireacht na Mógal|hImpireacht na Mógal]] chomh maith le coilínigh Eorpacha a rinne na fiacha seo. Ba mhinic a seilgeadh tíogair mar [[sealgaireacht comhraimh|comhraimh]] agus mar gheall ar an chontúirt a shíleadh a bheith leo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 187–200.&lt;/ref&gt; Meastar gur 80,000 tíogar a maraíodh idir 1875 agus 1925.&lt;ref&gt;Kothari, A. S.; Chhapgar, B. S.; Chhapgar, B. F., eds. (2005). &quot;The Manpoora Tiger (about a Tiger Hunt in Rajpootanah)&quot;. The Treasures of Indian Wildlife. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 22–27. ISBN 0-19-567728-5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 193.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ionsaithe ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{main|Ionsaí tíogair}}
[[File:Sundarban Tiger.jpg|thumb|Tíogar Bheangál sna [[Sundarban]]s|alt=Tíogar ina sheasamh ar bhruach corcach mhangróbh]]
Seachnaíonn tíogair daoine de ghnáth i bhformhór na gceantar a fhaightear iad, ach tá baol ionsaithe ann i gcónaí áit ar bith a gcómhaireann daoine leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;Nyhus, P. J. &amp; Tilson, R. (2010). &quot;Panthera tigris vs Homo sapiens: Conflict, coexistence, or extinction?&quot; in {{Harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010}}, lgh. 125–142.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Human–tiger conflict: A review and call for comprehensive plans|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|journal=Integrative Zoology|date=2010|issn=1749-4877|pages=300–312|volume=5|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x|language=en|author=Goodrich, J. M.|pmid=21392348}}&lt;/ref&gt; Casann daoine agus tíogair ar a chéile go contúirteach níos minice i ngnáthóga [[éifeachtaí imill|imill]] idir ceantair fhiáine agus ceantair thalmhaíochta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt; Is cosantach a bhíonn na hionsaithe, cosaint na n-óg san áireamh, ar dhaoine den chuid is mó; feictear daoine mar fhoinse chreiche uaireanta, áfach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt; Bíonn tíogair [[Ainmhí daoiniteach#Tíogair|dhaoiniteacha]] sean agus faoi mhíchumas de ghnáth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Má ruaigtear tíogair dá raonta baile, tá an baol ann go mbeidh orthu daoine a ithe fosta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 108–110.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí an [[Tíogar Champawat]] freagrach as báis níos mó ná 430 duine sa Neipeal agus san India sular scaoil [[Jim Corbett]] í.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 276.&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhulaing an tíogar baineann seo le fiacla briste agus ní raibh sé ar a cumas a gnáthchreach a mharú. Measann údair nua-aimseartha gur chuir a chothú ar fheoil dhaonna ghann iachall uirthi níos mó agus níos mó daoine a mharú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh.&amp;#x20;73–74.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí líon na n-ionsaithe tíogar i Singeapór sách ard i lár na 19ú hAois nuair a leath plandálacha isteach i ngnáthóg an tíogair.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=People in Peril, Environments at Risk: Coolies, Tigers, and Colonial Singapore's Ecology of Poverty|url=http://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|journal=Environment and History|date=2016|issn=0967-3407|pages=455–482|volume=22|issue=3|doi=10.3197/096734016X14661540219393|language=en|author=Powell, M. A.|bibcode=2016EnHis..22..455P|jstor=24810674}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn na 1840idí, bhí líon na mbás sa cheantar idir 200 go 300 go bliantúil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 274.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ionsaithe tíogar sna Sundarbans]] ba chúis le bás 1,396 duine sa tréimhse idir 1935–2006 dar le taifid oifigiúla [[Roinn Foraoise (An Bhanglaidéis)|Roinn Foraoise na Banglaidéise]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Profiling tigers (Panthera tigris) to formulate management responses to human-killing in the Bangladesh Sundarbans|url=http://www.socpvs.org/journals/index.php/wbp/article/view/10.2461-wbp.2013.9.6|journal=Wildlife Biology in Practice|date=2013-09-30|issn=1646-2742|volume=9|issue=2|doi=10.2461/wbp.2013.9.6|language=en|author=Barlow, A. C.; Ahmad, I. &amp; Smith, J. L.|pages=30-39}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba mhuintir na sráidbhailte áitiúla iad na híobartaigh seo a chuaigh isteach i ndúiche an tíogair chun acmhainní ar nós meala nó adhmad a bhailiú. Gnáthíobartach ab ea an t-iascaire. Bhí go leor bealaí ag daoine chun dul i ngleic le hionsaithe na dtíogar i gcaitheamh na mblianta, ina measc siúd mascanna aghaidh a caitheadh droim ar ais, éadaigh chosanta, bataí agus dumaí leictreacha a lonnaíodh go cúramach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mills|2004}}, lgh. 111–113.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Géibheann ===
{{Il-íomhánna
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|image1=Clean Toes are a Tiger's Friend (15588882074).jpg 
|caption1=Tíogar ag [[Big Cat Rescue]] in 2014
|image2=Ringling Bros and Barnum &amp; Bailey Circus Gunther Gebel-Williams 1969.jpg 
|caption2=Grianghraf poiblíochta den traenálaí ainmhí [[Gunther Gebel-Williams]] le roinnt dá thíogar traenáilte, {{circa}} 1969.
|alt=Tíogar taobh thiar d'fhál (ar barr) agus grianghraf dubh-agus-bán d'fhear ar a ghlúine os comhair sé thíogar atá ina luí le lucht féachana sorcais sa chúlra}}


Coimeádadh tíogair i ngéibheann ó bhí an chianaois ann. Cuireadh tíogair ar taispeáint in [[Amfaitéatar|amfaitéatair]]; maraíodh le linn [[Venatio|sealgaireachta]] agus baineadh úsáid astu chun [[Damnatio ad bestias|príosúnaigh a mharú]].&lt;ref&gt;Manfredi, P. &quot;The Tiger in the Ancient World&quot; in {{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 173&lt;/ref&gt; Tuairiscítear gur choimeád an rialtóir Mongólach [[Kublai Khan]] tíogair sa 13ú hAois. Coimeádadh tíogair i [[Cuibhreann ainmhithe fiáine|gcuibhrinn ainmhithe fiáine]] Eorpacha ag tosú sa [[An Mheánaois|Mheánaois]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 179-180.&lt;/ref&gt; Baineadh feidhm as tíogair agus ainmhithe coimhthíocha eile chun aíocht a chur ar fáil don scothaicme go príomha agus ansin ón 19ú hAois ar aghaidh, is mó a cuireadh ar taispeáint don phobal iad. Tá tíogair an-tarraingteach mar thaispeántais agus chuaigh a bpobail i ngéibhinn in airde go mór.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 126–130.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí níos mó ná 8,000 tíogar ghafa san Áise, thart ar 5,000 sna SAM agus ar a laghad 850 san Eoraip sa bhliain 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|teideal=EU’s ‘unlikely’ role in global tiger trade revealed in new WWF, TRAFFIC report|údar=Ciste Domhanda an Fhiadhúlra (WWF)|dáta=2020|language=en|work=tigers.panda.org|dátarochtana=6 Meitheamh 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119155811/https://tigers.panda.org/?916741/EU-tigers-trade-WWF-report|archivedate=19 Eanáir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá níos mó tíogar i ngéibheann ná mar atá san fhiántas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098220800434X|journal=Current Biology|date=2008|pages=592–596|volume=18|issue=8|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053|language=en|author=Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. &amp; O'Brien, S. J.|bibcode=2008CBio...18..592L|pmid=18424146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir go dtaispeánfaidh tíogair i ngéibheann [[Steiréitíopacht (neamhdhaonna)|iompar neamhghnách]] cosúil le siúl síos suas agus neamhghníomhaíocht. Is féidir le zúanna nua-aimseartha na hiompair seo a laghdú le taispeántáin a dearadh le gur féidir leis na hainmhithe bogadh idir imfháluithe atá scartha ach nasctha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Effects of a modern exhibit design on captive tiger welfare|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21746|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2023|issn=0733-3188|pages=371–382|volume=42|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21746|language=en|author=Smith, K. D.; Snider, R. J.; Dembiec, D. P.; Siegford, J. M. &amp; Ali, A. B.|pmid=36478300}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá earraí cothaithe tábhachtach chun leasa na gcat fosta agus chun spreagtha a n-iompar nádúrtha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The effects of intrinsic enrichment on captive felids|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21361|journal=Zoo Biology|date=2017|issn=0733-3188|pages=186–192|volume=36|issue=3|doi=10.1002/zoo.21361|language=en|author=Damasceno, J.; Genaro, G.; Quirke, T.; McCarthy, S.; McKeown, S. &amp; O'Riordan, R.|pmid=29165868}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D’imir tíogair ról faoi leith i [[Sorcas|sorcais]] agus taispeántais bheo eile. Bhí iliomad ceansaitheoir tíogair le feicieáil i dtaispeántais na [[Ringling Bros. and Barnum &amp; Bailey Circus|Ringling Bros]] sa 20ú hAois, ina measc [[Mabel Stark]] a raibh tarraingt mhór agus gairm fhada aici. Bhí clú uirthi as a bheith in ann smacht a chur ar na tíogair cé gur bhean bheag a bhí inti; a bhain úsaid as uirlisí “na bhfear” cosúil le fuipeanna agus gunnaí. Ceansaitheoir eile ab ea [[Clyde Beatty]] a d’úsáid cathaoireacha, fuipeanna agus gunnaí chun tíogair agus ainmhithe eile a spreagadh chun iompair fhiáin a lig dó cuma na crógachta a bheith air. Bheadh sé ar an ardán le suas le 40 tíogar agus leon in aon thaispeántas amháin. Bhainfeadh traenálaithe cosúil le [[Gunther Gebel-Williams]] úsáid as modhanna níos séimhe chun smacht a chur ar na hainmhithe ó na 1960idí ar aghaidh. Baisteadh “Cogarnach na dTíogar” ar [[Sara Houcke]] mar thraenáil sí na cait chun éisteachta léi agus í ag cogarnaíl dóibh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 202–204.&lt;/ref&gt; Bhain [[Siegfried &amp; Roy]] clú amach in [[Las Vegas]] as taispeántais a chur ar siúl le tíogair bhána. Tháinig deireadh lena dtaispeántais in 2003 nuair a d’ionsaigh tíogar Roy le linn léirithe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 140–141.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba iad tíogair an t-ainmhí is mó trádála i measc na n-ainmhithe sorcais.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Are wild animals suited to a travelling circus life?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728600000270/type/journal_article|journal=Animal Welfare|date=2009|issn=0962-7286|pages=129–140|volume=18|issue=2|doi=10.1017/S0962728600000270|language=en|author=Iossa, G.; Soulsbury, C. D. &amp; Harris, S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuaigh úsáid na dtíogar agus ainmhithe eile in éag in go leor tíortha mar gheall ar bhrú ó ghrúpaí [[cearta ainmhithe]] agus toil an phobail iad a fheiceáil laistigh de shuíomhanna níos nádúrtha. Chuir roinnt tíortha [[Cosc ar ainmhithe sorcais|cosc nó srian]] ar thaispeántais den chineál seo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lgh. 204–205.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá an-tóir ar thíogair i ngnó na [[Peata coimhthíoch|bpeataí coimhthíocha]] go háirithe sna Stáit Aontaithe,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2004}}, lch. 214.&lt;/ref&gt; áit nach bhfuil ach 6% de phobal na dtíogar i ngéibheann i zúanna agus in ionaid fhaofa eile an [[An Cumann um Zúanna agus Uisceadáin|Chumainn um Zúanna agus Uisceadáin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt; Glactar leis go bhfuil bailitheoirí príobháideacha droch-fheistithe chun an aire cheart a thabhairt do thíogair, rud a chuireann as dá leas. Is féidir leo sábháilteacht an phobail a chur i mbaol fosta má ligeann siad do dhaoine caidreamh a dhéanamh leo..&lt;ref name=&quot;:34&quot; /&gt; Cuireadh cosc air tíogair agus cait mhóra eile a bheith ag daoine príobháideacha sna SAM sa bhliain 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|title=June 18 Deadline for Compliance With Big Cat Public Safety Act|author=U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service|date=2023|publisher=U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service|access-date=20 Feabhra 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220231426/https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/big-cat-owners-must-register-june-18|archive-date=20 Feabhra 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chuir formhór thíortha an Aontais Eorpaigh cosc ar phórú tíogair agus ar thíogair a bheith ag daoine lasmuigh de zúanna agus ionaid tharrthála ceadúnaithe ach ceadaíonn roinnt acu bailiúcháin phríobháideacha fós.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|title=Guidance Document on the export, re-export and intra-EU trade of captive-born and bred live tigers and their parts and derivatives (Tuairisc)|author=European Commission|date=2023|access-date=6 Meitheamh 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217230241/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023XC0418(01)|archive-date=17 Nollaig 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tábhacht chultúrtha ===
&lt;!-- Le do thoil, ná cuir aon shamplaí eile leis an chuid seo. Tá a halt féin aici ar féidir leat a aistriú ar Vicipéid an Bhéarla --&gt;
{{main|Íomhánna cultúrtha tíogar}}
{{Tuilleadh Eolais|Adhradh tíogair}}
[[File:Bronze Tiger Tally &quot;Jie&quot; with Gold Inlay from Tomb of Zhao Mo.jpg|thumb|right|''Jie'' (suaitheantas an údaráis) de chruth an tíogair le hór iontlaise, ó thuama [[Zhao Mo]]|alt=Suaitheantas de thíogar dubh le stríoca órga]]
Tá an tíogar ar cheann de na [[mórfhána carasmatach|mórfhánaí carasmatacha]] is cáiliúla ar domhan. Thug [[Kailash Sankhala]] “meascán annamh de mhisneach, d’fhíochmhaireacht agus de dhathúlacht iontach” air agus deir Candy d'Sa go bhfuil sé “fíochmhar agus ceannasach ar an taobh amuigh, ach uasal agus géarchúiseach ar an taobh istigh”. Ghlac níos mó ná 50,000 duine as 73 thír páirt i bpobalbhreith ar líne sa bhliain 2004; dúradh gurb é an tíogar an t-ainmhí is fearr leis an domhan le 21% de na vótaí,  cé gur ar éigean ar chuir sé ruaig ar an mhadra. Fuair staidéar in 2018 amach gurb é an t-ainmhí fiáin is mó tóire ar an bhealach chéanna bunaithe ar shuirbhéanna, ar thaispeántais ar shuíomhanna gréasáin mhórzúanna agus ar phóstaeir roinnt scannáin bheochana.

Díreach mar a chuir an leon ríogacht agus cumhacht in iúl i [[Cultúr an Iarthair|gcultúr an Iarthair]], is amhlaidh a rinne an tíogar i [[Cultúr na hÁise|gcultúir éagsúla na hÁise]]. D’fhéach an tSín ársa ar an tíogar mar “rí na foraoise” agus ba é siombal chumhacht an [[Impire na Síne|impire]]. Is é an tíogar an tríú shiombal den 12 shiombal sa [[stoidiaca Síneach]] a bhfuil smacht ar an tréimhse idir 15:00 agus a 17:00 a chlog um thráthnóna aige san [[astralaíocht Shíneach]]. Ceaptar go dtugann [[Tíogar (stoidiaca)|Bliain an Tíogair]] “imeachtaí dramatúla agus míchuibhseacha” léi. Ta an [[Tíogar Bán (miotaseolaíocht)|Tíogar Bán]] ar cheann de [[Ceithre Shiomba|Cheithre Shiombal]] na [[Réaltbhuíonta Síneacha]] a sheasann don iarthar agus don [[Yin agus yang|yin]] chomh maith le séasúr an Fhómhair. Macasamhail an [[Dragan Gormghlas|Dragain Ghormghlais]] atá ann a sheasann don oirthear, yang agus séasúr an Earraigh. Ta an tíogar ar cheann de na hainmhithe a léirítear ar [[Séala Pashupati|shéala Pashupati]] [[Sibhialtacht Ghleann na hIondúise|Shibhialtacht Ghleann na hIondúise]]. Taispeánadh an tíogar ar shéalaí agus ar bhoinn nuair a bhí [[ríshliocht Chola]] i réim i ndeisceart na hIndia óir gurbh é a suaitheantas oifigiúil.
[[File:Durga Mahisasuramardini.JPG|thumb|upright|left|An bandia Hiondúch [[Durga]] ag marcaíocht ar thíogar. Scoil [[Ceannasaíocht Fine Guler|Guler]], 18ú hAois luath|alt=Dearadh de bhandia a bhfuil ocht lámh uirthi ag marcaíocht ar thíogar atá ag baint greim de dheamhan buabhaill]]

Tá tábhacht reiligiúnach agus bhéaloideasúil ag an tíogar. Is iad an tíogar, an moncaí agus an fia an Trí Chréatúr gan Chiall sa [[An Búdachas|Bhúdachas]] agus is é an tíogar siombal na feirge. Is é an tíogar [[Vahana|feithicil]] [[Durga]] sa [[An Hiondúchas|Hiondúchas]], bandia na cumhachta feiminí agus na síochána a chruthaigh na déithe chun troid i gcoinne na ndeamhan. Bhíodh an dia [[Dinísias]] ar marcaíocht ar muin tíogair ar an bhealach chéanna sa [[An Domhan Gréag-Rómhánach|Domhan Ghréag-Rómhánach]]. Feictear mar theachtairí na [[Dia Sléibhe|nDéithe Sléibhe]] iad tíogair i [[miotaseolaíocht na Cóiré]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lgh. 60, 86–88, 96.&lt;/ref&gt; Feictear mar chosaintóirí i gcoinne na n-ainspridí iad tíogair agus úsáideadh a n-íomhá chun tithe, tuamaí agus baill éadaigh a mhaisiú i [[Cultúr na Síne|gcultúir na Síne]] agus na [[Cultúr na Cóiré|Cóiré]] mar aon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lch. 96.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Thapar|2006}}, lch. 152.&lt;/ref&gt; I mbéaloideas na Malaeisa agus na hIndinéise, leigheasann [[Seamanachas|seamain tíogair]] easláintigh nuair a ghaireann siad an cat mór. Bhí daoine a athraíonn ina dtíogair agus a mhalairt an-fhorleathan; ba [[Catriocht#An Áise|thíogariochtaí]] iad na daoine a n-athródh ina dtíogair agus ar ais arís. Chreid [[Mnongach|Mnongaigh]] na hInd-Síne go bhféadfadh tíogair [[Ilchruthuchas|ilchruthú]] ina ndaoine. Creideadh i measc roinnt [[Bundúchasaigh na Sibéire|bundúchasaigh na Sibéire]] go meallfadh fir mná nuair a athróidís ina dtíogair .

Cuireann an dán &quot;[[The Tyger]]&quot; le [[William Blake]] ón bhliain 1794 an t-ainmhí i láthair mar dhéacht na háilleachta agus na fíochmhaire. Is é comhdhán an dáin &quot;[[The Lamb (dán)|The Lamb]]&quot; sa chnuasach filíochta ''[[Songs of Innocence and of Experience]]'' le Blake agus é ag déanamh machnamh air an chaoi arbh fhéidir le Dia dhá chréatúr atá chomh difriúil óna chéile a chruthú. Tá an tíogar le feiceáil san úrscéal meánaoiseach Síneach ''[[Water Margin]]'' ina throideann agus a maraítear an cat leis an mheirleach [[Wu Song]],  tá an tíogar [[Shere Khan]] le feiceáil sa leabhar ''[[The Jungle Book]]'' (1894) le [[Rudyard Kipling]] ina mbíonn sé agus an príomhcharachtar [[Mowgli]] ina ndeargnaimhde. Tá tíogair chairdiúla mhúinte ann sa chultúr fosta, go háirithe [[Tigger]], an carachtar [[Winnie-the-Pooh]], agus [[Tony the Tiger]], sonóg ghránaigh [[Kellog's]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Green|2006}}, lch. 72–73, 78, 125–127, 147–148.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Clear}}

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Lá Idirnáisiúnta an Tíogair]]
* [[Liosta na gCat is mó]]
* [[Tiger Temple]]
* [[An Tíogar Ceilteach]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Leabharliosta ==
* {{Citation |last=Thapar |first=V. |title=Tiger: The Ultimate Guide |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerultimategui0000thap/mode/2up |place=Deilí Nua |publisher=CDS Books |isbn=1-59315-024-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Green |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2006 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-86189-276-8}}
* {{Citation |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=2001 |issue=2 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-7607-1969-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Tilson |first=R. |title=Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris |date=2010 |issue=2 |place=Londain |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-094751-8 |last2=Nyhus |first2=P. J.}}
* {{Citation |last=Mills |first=S. |title=Tiger |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/tiger0000mill/mode/2up |archive-url= |place=Richmond Hill |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=1-55297-949-0}}
* {{Citation |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |title=The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India |date=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/deertigerstudyof0000scha/page/n419/mode/2up |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-73631-8}}
* {{Citation |last=Seidensticker |first=J |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |date=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/ridingtigertiger00unse |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64835-6 |last2=Christie |first2=S |last3=Jackson |first3=P}}
* {{Citation |last=Sludskii |first=A. A. |title=Tiger Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758 |date=1992 |work=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mamaigh an Aontais Shóivéadaigh] |volume=II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |pages=95–202 |editor-last=Heptner |editor-first=V. G. |editor-last2=Sludskii |editor-first2=A. A. |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/94/mode/2up |place=Washington DC |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}}

{{síol ainmhí}}
[[Catagóir:Tíogair]]
[[Catagóir:Cait]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oniscidea</title>
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      <comment>Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Míol críon]] go [[Oniscidea]]: i Laidin</comment>
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Is [[artrapód]] é an '''míol críon'''.&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Oniscidea/|title=“Oniscidea” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ball d'ord na Isopoda atá ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.noticenature.ie/files/enfo/factsheet/Irish/KC02%20Nature%20-%20Worms%20IRISH.pdf |teideal=Míol críon (Gaeilge) |dátarochtana=2014-04-04 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223523/http://www.noticenature.ie/files/enfo/factsheet/Irish/KC02%20Nature%20-%20Worms%20IRISH.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Míol críon (ciaróg)]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{síol}}

[[Catagóir:Crústach]]</text>
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Is fo-ord de [[Crústach|crústaigh]] iseapóda thalamha (Oniscidea)&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Oniscidea/|title=“Oniscidea” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; iad na '''cláirseacha''' , a dtugtar scláitéirí, críonmhíolta, srl.  orthu go neamhfhoirmiúil, agus tá thart ar 3,000 speiceas curtha síos orthu. Tá eischnámharlach righin, deighilteach, cailcreach acu, agus seacht bpéire cosa siúil nó peireapóid acu. Is féidir cláirseacha a mheascadh le dioplóidigh ( miriapóid) a bhfuil coirp ghearra agus láidre acu, agus a bhfuil cuma sheachtrach chosúil orthu de bharr éabhlóid chomhthreomhar.


== Féach freisin ==
* [[Míol críon (ciaróg)]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{síol}}

[[Catagóir:Crústach]]</text>
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Is éard is '''Oniscidea''' ann ná fo-ord tacsanomaíoch laistigh den ord [[Isopoda]]; tá go leor iseapód ann, cláirseacha ina measc &lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Oniscidea/|title=“Oniscidea” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2023-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ar a dtugtar scláitéirí, críonmhíolta, srl. orthu go neamhfhoirmiúil, agus tá thart ar 3,000 speiceas curtha síos orthu. Tá eischnámharlach righin, deighilteach, cailcreach acu, agus seacht bpéire cosa siúil nó peireapóid acu. Is féidir cláirseacha a mheascadh le dioplóidigh ( miriapóid) a bhfuil coirp ghearra agus láidre acu, agus a bhfuil cuma sheachtrach chosúil orthu de bharr éabhlóid chomhthreomhar.


== Féach freisin ==
* [[Míol críon (ciaróg)]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Isopoda |Isopoda ]]
[[Catagóir:Oird chrústacha]]</text>
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    <title>ACF Fiorentina</title>
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      <text bytes="4098" sha1="masnbjjbg574a58mupjv4p2gzpyxmmz" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta |
 imatge = |
 colors = {{color box|purple}} {{color box|white}} [[corcra]], [[bán]] |
 nom_original = ACF Fiorentina SpA |
 alies = ''La Viola''&lt;br/&gt;''Gigliati'' |
 data_fundacio = [[1926]] (refundat el 2002) |
 president = [[Rocco B. Commisso]] |
 entrenador = [[Giuseppe Iachini]] |
 lliga = [[Serie A]] |
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Is club [[Sacar|peile]] [[An Iodáil|Iodálach]] é '''ACF Fiorentina''', ar a dtugtar ''Fiorentina'' de ghnáth, a bunaíodh mar ''Associazione Calcio Fiorentina'' i bh[[Flórans]] sa bhliain [[1926]]. Imríonn an club i [[Serie A]] agus tá dhá teideal sraithe buaite aige. Athbhunaíodh Fiorentina sa bhliain [[2002]] de thoradh ar dheacrachtaí airgeadais.

== Imreoirí don séasúr 2019/20 ==

{|
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |{{Peileadóir i liosta/tús|col1=#510ba0|col2=#FFFFFF}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=1|tír=Italy|ainm=[[Pietro Terracciano]]|ionad=B}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=4|tír=Serbia|ainm=[[Nikola Milenkovic]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=5|tír=Croatia|ainm=[[Milan Badelj]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=6|tír=Italy|ainm=[[Luca Ranieri]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=7|tír=France|ainm=[[Franck Ribéry]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=8|tír=Italy|ainm=[[Gaetano Castrovilli]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=9|tír=Brazil|ainm=[[Pedro Guilherme Abreu dos Santos|Pedro]]|ionad=I}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=10|tír=Ghana|ainm=[[Kevin-Prince Boateng]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=11|tír=Italy|ainm=[[Riccardo Sottil]]|ionad=I}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=14|tír=Burkina Faso|ainm=[[Bryan Dabo]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=15|tír=Uruguay|ainm=[[Sebastián Cristóforo]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=16|tír=France|ainm=[[Valentin Eysseric]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=17|tír=Italy|ainm=[[Federico Ceccherini]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=18|tír=Algeria|ainm=[[Rachid Ghezzal]]|ionad=I}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=19|tír=Spain|ainm=[[Tòfol Montiel]]|ionad=L}}

{{Peileadóir i liosta/lár|col1=#510ba0|col2=#FFFFFF}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=20|tír=Argentina|ainm=[[Germán Pezzella]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=21|tír=Spain|ainm=[[Pol Lirola]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=22|tír=Uruguay|ainm=[[Martín Cáceres]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=23|tír=Italy|ainm=[[Lorenzo Venuti]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=24|tír=Italy|ainm=[[Marco Benassi]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=25|tír=Italy|ainm=[[Federico Chiesa]]|ionad=I}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=27|tír=Poland|ainm=[[Szymon Żurkowski]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=28|tír=Serbia|ainm=[[Dušan Vlahović]]|ionad=I}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=29|tír=Brazil|ainm=[[Dalbert Henrique|Dalbert]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=32|tír=Denmark|ainm=[[Jacob Rasmussen]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=33|tír=Italy|ainm=[[Federico Brancolini]]|ionad=B}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=69|tír=Poland|ainm=[[Bartłomiej Drągowski]]|ionad=B}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=77|tír=France|ainm=[[Cyril Théréau]]|ionad=I}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=78|tír=Chile|ainm=[[Erick Pulgar]]|ionad=L}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta|ú=93|tír=Serbia|ainm=[[Aleksa Terzić]]|ionad=C}}
{{Peileadóir i liosta/críoch}}
|
|}

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Síol-spórt}}

[[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na hIodáile|Fiorentina]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fioghual</title>
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      <text bytes="6442" sha1="l3hsenmq5maaakr69ssv1kcxoaqdakb" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Charcoal2.jpg|right|thumb|Fiodhghual tirim]]
[[Íomhá:Charbon de bois rouge.jpg|right|thumb|Dóiteán fiodhghuail]]

Is éard atá san '''fhioghual''' an fuílleach a fhágtar nuair a bhaintear [[uisce]] agus ábhar soghalaithe eile as ábhar ainmhíoch agus plandúil. Tagann ''fioghual'' ón gcomhfhocal ''fiodh-ghual''. De ghnáth déantar fioghual le [[pirealú]] mall, agus [[adhmad]], [[siúcra]] nó rudaí eile á théamh gan [[ocsaigin]]. Ábhar sobhriste piochánach dubh atá ann, agus idir 50% agus 95% de ina [[Carbón|charbón]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5328E/x5328e0b.htm Using charcoal efficiently]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Carbónú adhmaid ==

Déantar fioghual d'adhmad trína charbónú ar fad, i dtreo nach bhfágtar ach carbón agus luaith. Déantar ábhar éadrom scagach dá bharr, agus má bhaintear úsáid as dlúthábhar adhmadach, ar nós blaosc cnó nó cloch péitseoige, faightear fioghual a bhfuil dromchla leathan piochánach air agus é an-scagach dá bharr. Carbón gníomhaithe é sin, agus is maith an sás chun ceimicigh a shú é. 

Is iomaí áit fós a ndéantar fioghual ar an sean-nós agus carn adhmaid á dhó a bhfuil a mbunáite faoi chlúdach pluda nó brící. Déantar [[teas]] de na fothorthaí agus de bharr cuid den adhmad a dhó, rud a phirealaíonn an t-iomlán. Ní dhóitear an fioghual féin toisc a laghad sin ocsaigine a bheith ann. Anois is féidir an t-adhmad a théamh i soitheach aeriata miotail, rud a laghdaíonn [[truailliú]] agus a ligeann torthaí soghalaithe a chomhdhlúthú.

== Stair ==
[[Íomhá:Charcoal pile 05.jpg|left|thumb|Carn adhmaid sular clúdaíodh é (timpeall na bliana 1890)]]

Is fada fioghual á dhéanamh i gceantair choillteacha. De ghnáth chuirfí smutáin adhmaid ar a gceann chun carn coirceogach a dhéanamh, an t-aer á ligean isteach thíos trí phoill agus sloc i lár baill mar fheadán deataí. Chlúdófaí an carn le móin nó le cré fhliuch. Ansin dhéanfaí tine a adhaint i dtóin an fheadáin agus spréifeadh an teas.

Thabharfadh céad pháirt d'adhmad timpeall seasca páirt fiodhghuail de thoirt nó cúig pháirt is fiche de mheáchan. Obair í atá níos torthúla ar an mórchóir ná ar an mionchóir: go fiú sa 17ú haois bhí éifeacht 90% le tionscadail mhóra. Ach b'fhearr riamh an obair a fhágáil faoi dhaoine a raibh fios a ngnó acu. 
 
Ba iad na cruacha fiodhghuail a mhill coillte na hEorpa. I Sasana bhí a lán roscoillte ann a ghearrtaí agus a ligtí fás arís chun soláthar a dhéanamh don fhioghual, ach sa 17ú haois bhí daoine ag gearán faoi ghanntanas crann. In Éirinn rinne na tiarnaí nua lántairbhe a bhaint as fioghual le haghaidh teilgcheártaí beaga iarainn, rud a d'fhág na coillte ar lár. Nuair a d'éirigh an fioghual gann iompaíodh ar an ngual. 

Sa Lochlainn dhéantaí tarra adhmaid de na coillte péine, agus bhaintí feidhm as an bhfioghual a bhíodh ag roinnt leis mar chóc i gceártaí bruithnithe. Tháinig deireadh le déantús an tarra i ndeireadh an 19ú haois, agus d'fhás na coillte millte arís. 

Sa saol atá anois ann déantar adhmad a charbónú ina bhlúirí nó ina mhín sáibh i bhfreangáin iarann múnla, rud a ligeann fothorthaí a chruinniú - meatánól, tarra adhmaid nó aicíd phioradhmadach. Fioghual a dhéantar ag 300&amp;nbsp;°C tá sé briosc agus donn, agus téann sé trí thine ag 380&amp;nbsp;°C. Má dhéantar ag teocht níos airde é tá sé crua agus sobhriste, agus ní théann trí thine go dtí timpeall 700&amp;nbsp;°C.

=== An fioghual agus leagan na gcoillte in Éirinn sa 17ú haois ===
[[Íomhá:Portglenone Forest Bluebells - May 2008.jpg|thumb|200px|Sampla den saghas coille a leagfaí le haghaidh fioghuail in Éirinn: Port Chluain Eoghain i gContae Aontroma]]
Bhí idir gharbhiarann agus shlatiarann á ndéanamh in Éirinn sa 17ú haois. Sna 1660í bhí an tionscal in ísle brí de dheasca iomaíocht na Rúise agus na Sualainne, bhochtanas na tíre agus a laghad sin éilimh a bheith ar iarann ann. Sa chuid deiridh den aois, áfach, tháinig fás mór faoin tionscadal, agus dleachtanna arda importála ag cuidiú leis ón mbliain 1662 amach.&lt;ref&gt;Andrews, J.H., 'A note on the later history of the Irish charcoal iron industry,' ''The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland'', Vol. 86, No. 2 (1956), lgh 217-219.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Shíl na tiarnaí nua Protastúnacha gurbh fhéidir brabach gasta a dhéanamh as na coillte in Éirinn trí fhioghual a dhéanamh agus ceártaí iarainn a bhunú. Fuair siad amach nach raibh an gnó chomh furasta sin: ba dheacair brabach leanúnach a dhéanamh. Mar sin féin, lean siad orthu ag tógáil ceártaí; ba lú costas an bhreosla in Éirinn ná i Sasana, agus rinne infheisteoirí ó Shasana féin ceárta iarainn a bhunú ag Inis Coirthe i gContae Loch Garman.&lt;ref&gt;Barnard, T.C., 'An Anglo-Irish industrial enterprise: iron making at Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford, 1657-92,' ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy''. Vol. 85C, (1985), lgh 101-144.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lean tionscal an fhioghuail anuas go dtí an chéad chuid den 18ú haois. Faoin am sin bhí slad déanta ar choillte na tíre de bharr ar leagadh de chrainn chun na ceártaí a chothú. Lena chois sin, chuaigh an gnó i bhfeidhm ar shaol agus ar gheilleagar na tuaithe. Ba é tús an tionsclaithe in Éirinn é.

== Tagairtí ==

{{reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [http://www.nps.gov/cato/historyculture/charcoal.htm Catoctin Mountain Park - Charcoal and Iron Industry (U.S. National Park Service)] Suíomh a bhaineann le Catoctin Mountain Park in Maryland, SAM, agus eolas ann ar stair na gcruacha fioghual sa cheantar.
* [http://bbq.about.com/b/2007/04/12/charcoal-of-the-future.htm Coconut Charcoal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109171012/http://bbq.about.com/b/2007/04/12/charcoal-of-the-future.htm |date=2010-11-09 }} - Eolas ar fhioghual a dheantar as cnónna cócó. 
* [http://www.biocoal.org/3.html &quot;Freangán Adam&quot;, nó ICPS (Improved Charcoal Production System)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620061658/http://www.biocoal.org/3.html |date=2010-06-20 }}
* [http://www.hnei.hawaii.edu/bio.r3.asp Déanann an carbónu splaince fioghual go han-éifeachtach le brúchóiriú.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030127215121/http://www.hnei.hawaii.edu/bio.r3.asp |date=2003-01-27 }}

[[Catagóir:Breoslaí]]
[[Catagóir:Carbón]]
[[Catagóir:Ábhair ealaíne]]</text>
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      <comment>Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Iseapód]] go [[Isopoda]]: Laidin</comment>
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      <text bytes="814" sha1="8utzb216dmiqsnkdi2x4fcccnjxfy36" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}}
[[Íomhá:Eurydice pulchra.jpg|mion|250px|Míol mara breac ón bharraige feadh chósta na [[An Bheilg|Beilge]]]]
Ball ar bith d'ord ilghnéitheach [[crústach]] a mbíonn colainn leacaithe agus 7 bpéire cos cosúil tóracsach acu is ea '''iseapód'''. Áitríonn siad an grineall i ngnáthoga uisciúla den chuid is mó. Uaireanta, bíonn siad seadánach ar éisc agus crústaigh eile. Éiríonn le cuid acu, cosúil le míolta críona, i ngnáthoga tíre.&lt;ref name=&quot;FreamhanEolais&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Iseapóid|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=378}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Fréamh an Eolais}}
{{síol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Isceapoid}}
[[Catagóir:Crústaigh]]</text>
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[[Íomhá:Charles_Marion_Russell_-_The_Custer_Fight_(1903).jpg|mion| Liteagraf de ''The Custer Fight'' (1903) le Charles Marion Russell, agus an raon ton ag imeacht i dtreo na n-imeall.]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Is éard is liteagrafaíocht ann (ón tSean-Ghréigis λίθος (líthos) 'cloch' agus γράφω (grápho) 'scríobh')[1] ná modh clódóireachta plánagrafach'''   '''atá bunaithe ar neamh-mheascthacht ola agus uisce'''.  Déantar an '''chlódóireacht''' ó chloch ( aolchloch &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;mwEw&quot;&gt;liteagrafaíoch&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ) nó ó phláta miotail le dromchla réidh. Cheap an t-údar agus an t-aisteoir Gearmánach  [[Aloys Senefelder|Alois Senefelder]] í sa bhliain 1796, agus úsáideadh ar dtús í go príomha le haghaidh scóir cheoil agus léarscáileanna. &lt;ref name=&quot;meggspage146&quot;&gt;Meggs, Philip B. ''A History of Graphic Design''. (1998) John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. p 146, {{ISBN|0-471-29198-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;carterpage11&quot;&gt;Carter, Rob, Ben Day, Philip Meggs. ''Typographic Design: Form and Communication'', Third Edition. (2002) John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-0471383413}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir litagrafaíocht a úsáid chun téacs nó íomhánna a phriontáil ar pháipéar nó ar ábhar oiriúnach eile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://archive.org/details/lithographylitho00penn|title=Lithography and Lithographers|publisher=T. Fisher Unwin Publisher|year=1915|isbn=9781330310847|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is éard is liteagraf ann ná ná rud a phriontáiltear trí mheán na liteagrafaíochta, ach ní úsáidtear an téarma seo ach i gcás priontaí mínealaíne agus cineálacha áirithe eile ábhair phriontáilte — cinn atá níos sine den chuid is mó — seachas iad siúd a dhéantar trí liteagrafaíocht tráchtála nua-aimseartha.

Go traidisiúnta, tarraingíodh an íomhá a bhí le priontáil le substaint ghréisceach, mar shampla ola, saill, nó céir ar dhromchla pláta aolchloiche réidh agus cothrom.  Ansin, cóireáladh an chloch le meascán d'aigéad lag agus guma arabach (&quot; eitseáil  &quot;rinneadh an chloch a chóireáil le meascán d' [[Neart aigéid|aigéad lag]] agus guma arabach (&quot;greanadh&quot;) a rinne na codanna de dhromchla na cloiche nach raibh faoi chosaint na gréisce níos [[Hidrifileach|hidreafílí]] ((ionghabhálach don uisce). Le haghaidh priontála, taisíodh an chloch ar dtús. Níor chloígh an t-uisce ach ar na limistéir eitseáilte, hidreafaileacha, rud a rinne iad níos frithsheasmhaí fós i gcoinne ola. D'aistreofaí dúch ola-bhunaithe ansin go bileog pháipéir bháin, rud a chruthódh leathanach clóite. Úsáidtear an teicníc thraidisiúnta seo fós chun priontaí mínealaíne a dhéanamh. 

I litagrafaíocht tráchtála nua-aimseartha, aistrítear nó cruthaítear an íomhá mar [[Polaiméir|pholaiméire]] phatrúnaithe a chuirtear i bhfeidhm ar phláta solúbtha plaisteach nó miotail. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.stbarnabaspress.co.uk/digital-photographic.html|title=Digital &amp; Photographic|author=Hill|first=James|publisher=St Barnabas Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir na clóphlátaí, atá déanta as cloch nó miotal, a chruthú trí phróiseas [[Grianghrafadóireacht|grianghrafadóireachta]], modh ar a dtugtar &quot;fótailiteagrafaíocht&quot; (cé go dtagraíonn an téarma de ghnáth do [[Liteagrafaíocht|phróiseas déantúsaíochta micrileictreonaice]] atá beagán cosúil leis). &lt;ref&gt;Hannavy, John. editor. ''Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index, Volume 1.'' Taylor &amp; Francis (2008). {{ISBN|9780415972352}}. page 865.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Mansuripur, Masud. ''Classical Optics and Its Applications''. Cambridge University Press (2002) {{ISBN|9780521804998}}. page 416&lt;/ref&gt; Is forbairt ar an liteagrafaíocht í seachphriontáil nó &quot;seachliteagrafaíocht &quot; ina n-aistrítear an dúch ón phláta go dtí an páipéar go hindíreach trí phláta [[Rubar|nó sorcóra rubair, seachas trí theagmháil dhíreach.]] Coinníonn an teicníc seo an páipéar tirim agus ceadaíonn sí oibriú ardluais atá go hiomlán uathoibrithe. Tá sé tar éis teacht in áit na litagrafaíochta traidisiúnta den chuid is mó le haghaidh priontála meánmhéide agus ardtoirte: ó na 1960idí i leith, priontáiltear formhór na leabhar agus na n-irisí, go háirithe iad siúd a bhfuil léaráidí daite iontu, le seachliteagrafaíocht ó phlátaí miotail a cruthaíodh go grianghrafadóireachta.

Mar theicneolaíocht chlódóireachta, tá liteagrafaíocht difriúil ó [[Inghearradh (cló)|phriontáil intaglio]] (greanphriontáil), ina ndéantar pláta a ghreanadh, [[Eitseáil|a eitseáil]], nó [[Meisitint|a stipáil]] chun cuas a scóráil chun an dúch  clódóireachta a choinneáil; agus priontáil bhloc adhmaid nó priontáil bhrúchló, ina gcuirtear dúch i bhfeidhm ar dhromchlaí ardaithe na litreacha nó na n-íomhánna..
[[Catagóir:Meáin ealaíne]]
[[Catagóir:Dearadh grafach]]
[[Catagóir:Dearadh cumarsáide]]</text>
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[[Íomhá:Charles_Marion_Russell_-_The_Custer_Fight_(1903).jpg|mion| Liteagraf de ''The Custer Fight'' (1903) le Charles Marion Russell, agus an raon ton ag imeacht i dtreo na n-imeall.]]
'''Is éard is liteagrafaíocht ann (ón tSean-Ghréigis λίθος (líthos) 'cloch' agus γράφω (grápho) 'scríobh')[1] ná modh clódóireachta plánagrafach'''   '''atá bunaithe ar neamh-mheascthacht ola agus uisce'''.  Déantar an '''chlódóireacht''' ó chloch ( aolchloch &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;mwEw&quot;&gt;liteagrafaíoch&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ) nó ó phláta miotail le dromchla réidh. Cheap an t-údar agus an t-aisteoir Gearmánach  [[Aloys Senefelder|Alois Senefelder]] í sa bhliain 1796, agus úsáideadh ar dtús í go príomha le haghaidh scóir cheoil agus léarscáileanna. &lt;ref name=&quot;meggspage146&quot;&gt;Meggs, Philip B. ''A History of Graphic Design''. (1998) John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. p 146, {{ISBN|0-471-29198-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;carterpage11&quot;&gt;Carter, Rob, Ben Day, Philip Meggs. ''Typographic Design: Form and Communication'', Third Edition. (2002) John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-0471383413}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir litagrafaíocht a úsáid chun téacs nó íomhánna a phriontáil ar pháipéar nó ar ábhar oiriúnach eile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://archive.org/details/lithographylitho00penn|title=Lithography and Lithographers|publisher=T. Fisher Unwin Publisher|year=1915|isbn=9781330310847|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is éard is liteagraf ann ná ná rud a phriontáiltear trí mheán na liteagrafaíochta, ach ní úsáidtear an téarma seo ach i gcás priontaí mínealaíne agus cineálacha áirithe eile ábhair phriontáilte — cinn atá níos sine den chuid is mó — seachas iad siúd a dhéantar trí liteagrafaíocht tráchtála nua-aimseartha.

Go traidisiúnta, tarraingíodh an íomhá a bhí le priontáil le substaint ghréisceach, mar shampla ola, saill, nó céir ar dhromchla pláta aolchloiche réidh agus cothrom.  Ansin, cóireáladh an chloch le meascán d'aigéad lag agus guma arabach (&quot; eitseáil  &quot;rinneadh an chloch a chóireáil le meascán d' [[Neart aigéid|aigéad lag]] agus guma arabach (&quot;greanadh&quot;) a rinne na codanna de dhromchla na cloiche nach raibh faoi chosaint na gréisce níos [[Hidrifileach|hidreafílí]] ((ionghabhálach don uisce). Le haghaidh priontála, taisíodh an chloch ar dtús. Níor chloígh an t-uisce ach ar na limistéir eitseáilte, hidreafaileacha, rud a rinne iad níos frithsheasmhaí fós i gcoinne ola. D'aistreofaí dúch ola-bhunaithe ansin go bileog pháipéir bháin, rud a chruthódh leathanach clóite. Úsáidtear an teicníc thraidisiúnta seo fós chun priontaí mínealaíne a dhéanamh. 

I litagrafaíocht tráchtála nua-aimseartha, aistrítear nó cruthaítear an íomhá mar [[Polaiméir|pholaiméire]] phatrúnaithe a chuirtear i bhfeidhm ar phláta solúbtha plaisteach nó miotail. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.stbarnabaspress.co.uk/digital-photographic.html|title=Digital &amp; Photographic|author=Hill|first=James|publisher=St Barnabas Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir na clóphlátaí, atá déanta as cloch nó miotal, a chruthú trí phróiseas [[Grianghrafadóireacht|grianghrafadóireachta]], modh ar a dtugtar &quot;fótailiteagrafaíocht&quot; (cé go dtagraíonn an téarma de ghnáth do [[Liteagrafaíocht|phróiseas déantúsaíochta micrileictreonaice]] atá beagán cosúil leis). &lt;ref&gt;Hannavy, John. editor. ''Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index, Volume 1.'' Taylor &amp; Francis (2008). {{ISBN|9780415972352}}. page 865.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Mansuripur, Masud. ''Classical Optics and Its Applications''. Cambridge University Press (2002) {{ISBN|9780521804998}}. page 416&lt;/ref&gt; Is forbairt ar an liteagrafaíocht í seachphriontáil nó &quot;seachliteagrafaíocht &quot; ina n-aistrítear an dúch ón phláta go dtí an páipéar go hindíreach trí phláta [[Rubar|nó sorcóra rubair, seachas trí theagmháil dhíreach.]] Coinníonn an teicníc seo an páipéar tirim agus ceadaíonn sí oibriú ardluais atá go hiomlán uathoibrithe. Tá sé tar éis teacht in áit na litagrafaíochta traidisiúnta den chuid is mó le haghaidh priontála meánmhéide agus ardtoirte: ó na 1960idí i leith, priontáiltear formhór na leabhar agus na n-irisí, go háirithe iad siúd a bhfuil léaráidí daite iontu, le seachliteagrafaíocht ó phlátaí miotail a cruthaíodh go grianghrafadóireachta.

Mar theicneolaíocht chlódóireachta, tá liteagrafaíocht difriúil ó [[Inghearradh (cló)|phriontáil intaglio]] (greanphriontáil), ina ndéantar pláta a ghreanadh, [[Eitseáil|a eitseáil]], nó [[Meisitint|a stipáil]] chun cuas a scóráil chun an dúch  clódóireachta a choinneáil; agus priontáil bhloc adhmaid nó priontáil bhrúchló, ina gcuirtear dúch i bhfeidhm ar dhromchlaí ardaithe na litreacha nó na n-íomhánna..
[[Catagóir:Meáin ealaíne]]
[[Catagóir:Dearadh grafach]]
[[Catagóir:Dearadh cumarsáide]]</text>
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[[Íomhá:Charles_Marion_Russell_-_The_Custer_Fight_(1903).jpg|mion| Liteagraf de ''The Custer Fight'' (1903) le Charles Marion Russell, agus an raon ton ag imeacht i dtreo na n-imeall.]]
Is éard is liteagrafaíocht ann (ón tSean-Ghréigis λίθος (líthos) 'cloch' agus γράφω (grápho) 'scríobh')[1] ná modh clódóireachta plánagrafach   atá bunaithe ar neamh-mheascthacht ola agus uisce.  Déantar an chlódóireacht ó chloch ( aolchloch liteagrafaíoch) nó ó phláta miotail le dromchla réidh. Cheap an t-údar agus an t-aisteoir Gearmánach  [[Aloys Senefelder|Alois Senefelder]] í sa bhliain 1796, agus úsáideadh ar dtús í go príomha le haghaidh scóir cheoil agus léarscáileanna. &lt;ref name=&quot;meggspage146&quot;&gt;Meggs, Philip B. ''A History of Graphic Design''. (1998) John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. p 146, {{ISBN|0-471-29198-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;carterpage11&quot;&gt;Carter, Rob, Ben Day, Philip Meggs. ''Typographic Design: Form and Communication'', Third Edition. (2002) John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-0471383413}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir litagrafaíocht a úsáid chun téacs nó íomhánna a phriontáil ar pháipéar nó ar ábhar oiriúnach eile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://archive.org/details/lithographylitho00penn|title=Lithography and Lithographers|publisher=T. Fisher Unwin Publisher|year=1915|isbn=9781330310847|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is éard is liteagraf ann ná ná rud a phriontáiltear trí mheán na liteagrafaíochta, ach ní úsáidtear an téarma seo ach i gcás priontaí mínealaíne agus cineálacha áirithe eile ábhair phriontáilte — cinn atá níos sine den chuid is mó — seachas iad siúd a dhéantar trí liteagrafaíocht tráchtála nua-aimseartha.

Go traidisiúnta, tarraingíodh an íomhá a bhí le priontáil le substaint ghréisceach, mar shampla ola, saill, nó céir ar dhromchla pláta aolchloiche réidh agus cothrom.  Ansin, cóireáladh an chloch le meascán d'aigéad lag agus guma arabach (&quot; eitseáil  &quot;rinneadh an chloch a chóireáil le meascán d' [[Neart aigéid|aigéad lag]] agus guma arabach (&quot;greanadh&quot;) a rinne na codanna de dhromchla na cloiche nach raibh faoi chosaint na gréisce níos [[Hidrifileach|hidreafílí]] ((ionghabhálach don uisce). Le haghaidh priontála, taisíodh an chloch ar dtús. Níor chloígh an t-uisce ach ar na limistéir eitseáilte, hidreafaileacha, rud a rinne iad níos frithsheasmhaí fós i gcoinne ola. D'aistreofaí dúch ola-bhunaithe ansin go bileog pháipéir bháin, rud a chruthódh leathanach clóite. Úsáidtear an teicníc thraidisiúnta seo fós chun priontaí mínealaíne a dhéanamh. 

I litagrafaíocht tráchtála nua-aimseartha, aistrítear nó cruthaítear an íomhá mar [[Polaiméir|pholaiméire]] phatrúnaithe a chuirtear i bhfeidhm ar phláta solúbtha plaisteach nó miotail. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.stbarnabaspress.co.uk/digital-photographic.html|title=Digital &amp; Photographic|author=Hill|first=James|publisher=St Barnabas Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir na clóphlátaí, atá déanta as cloch nó miotal, a chruthú trí phróiseas [[Grianghrafadóireacht|grianghrafadóireachta]], modh ar a dtugtar &quot;fótailiteagrafaíocht&quot; (cé go dtagraíonn an téarma de ghnáth do [[Liteagrafaíocht|phróiseas déantúsaíochta micrileictreonaice]] atá beagán cosúil leis). &lt;ref&gt;Hannavy, John. editor. ''Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index, Volume 1.'' Taylor &amp; Francis (2008). {{ISBN|9780415972352}}. page 865.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Mansuripur, Masud. ''Classical Optics and Its Applications''. Cambridge University Press (2002) {{ISBN|9780521804998}}. page 416&lt;/ref&gt; Is forbairt ar an liteagrafaíocht í seachphriontáil nó &quot;seachliteagrafaíocht &quot; ina n-aistrítear an dúch ón phláta go dtí an páipéar go hindíreach trí phláta [[Rubar|nó sorcóra rubair, seachas trí theagmháil dhíreach.]] Coinníonn an teicníc seo an páipéar tirim agus ceadaíonn sí oibriú ardluais atá go hiomlán uathoibrithe. Tá sé tar éis teacht in áit na litagrafaíochta traidisiúnta den chuid is mó le haghaidh priontála meánmhéide agus ardtoirte: ó na 1960idí i leith, priontáiltear formhór na leabhar agus na n-irisí, go háirithe iad siúd a bhfuil léaráidí daite iontu, le seachliteagrafaíocht ó phlátaí miotail a cruthaíodh go grianghrafadóireachta.

Mar theicneolaíocht chlódóireachta, tá liteagrafaíocht difriúil ó [[Inghearradh (cló)|phriontáil intaglio]] (greanphriontáil), ina ndéantar pláta a ghreanadh, [[Eitseáil|a eitseáil]], nó [[Meisitint|a stipáil]] chun cuas a scóráil chun an dúch  clódóireachta a choinneáil; agus priontáil bhloc adhmaid nó priontáil bhrúchló, ina gcuirtear dúch i bhfeidhm ar dhromchlaí ardaithe na litreacha nó na n-íomhánna..
[[Catagóir:Meáin ealaíne]]
[[Catagóir:Dearadh grafach]]
[[Catagóir:Dearadh cumarsáide]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4997" sha1="qc3dnujvnyb1u442361i51cdqr0g25j" xml:space="preserve">[[Íomhá:Charles_Marion_Russell_-_The_Custer_Fight_(1903).jpg|mion| Liteagraf de ''The Custer Fight'' (1903) le Charles Marion Russell, agus an raon ton ag imeacht i dtreo na n-imeall.]]
Is éard is '''liteagrafaíocht''' ann (ón tSean-Ghréigis λίθος (''líthos'') 'cloch' agus γράφω (''grápho'') 'scríobh')[1] ná modh clódóireachta plánagrafach   atá bunaithe ar neamh-mheascthacht ola agus uisce.  Déantar an chlódóireacht ó chloch ( aolchloch liteagrafaíoch) nó ó phláta miotail le dromchla réidh. Cheap an t-údar agus an t-aisteoir Gearmánach  [[Aloys Senefelder|Alois Senefelder]] í sa bhliain 1796, agus úsáideadh ar dtús í go príomha le haghaidh scóir cheoil agus léarscáileanna. &lt;ref name=&quot;meggspage146&quot;&gt;Meggs, Philip B. ''A History of Graphic Design''. (1998) John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. p 146, {{ISBN|0-471-29198-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;carterpage11&quot;&gt;Carter, Rob, Ben Day, Philip Meggs. ''Typographic Design: Form and Communication'', Third Edition. (2002) John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-0471383413}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir litagrafaíocht a úsáid chun téacs nó íomhánna a phriontáil ar pháipéar nó ar ábhar oiriúnach eile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://archive.org/details/lithographylitho00penn|title=Lithography and Lithographers|publisher=T. Fisher Unwin Publisher|year=1915|isbn=9781330310847|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is éard is liteagraf ann ná ná rud a phriontáiltear trí mheán na liteagrafaíochta, ach ní úsáidtear an téarma seo ach i gcás priontaí mínealaíne agus cineálacha áirithe eile ábhair phriontáilte — cinn atá níos sine den chuid is mó — seachas iad siúd a dhéantar trí liteagrafaíocht tráchtála nua-aimseartha.

Go traidisiúnta, tarraingíodh an íomhá a bhí le priontáil le substaint ghréisceach, mar shampla ola, saill, nó céir ar dhromchla pláta aolchloiche réidh agus cothrom.  Ansin, cóireáladh an chloch le meascán d'aigéad lag agus guma arabach (&quot; eitseáil  &quot;rinneadh an chloch a chóireáil le meascán d' [[Neart aigéid|aigéad lag]] agus guma arabach (&quot;greanadh&quot;) a rinne na codanna de dhromchla na cloiche nach raibh faoi chosaint na gréisce níos [[Hidrifileach|hidreafílí]] ((ionghabhálach don uisce). Le haghaidh priontála, taisíodh an chloch ar dtús. Níor chloígh an t-uisce ach ar na limistéir eitseáilte, hidreafaileacha, rud a rinne iad níos frithsheasmhaí fós i gcoinne ola. D'aistreofaí dúch ola-bhunaithe ansin go bileog pháipéir bháin, rud a chruthódh leathanach clóite. Úsáidtear an teicníc thraidisiúnta seo fós chun priontaí mínealaíne a dhéanamh. 

I litagrafaíocht tráchtála nua-aimseartha, aistrítear nó cruthaítear an íomhá mar [[Polaiméir|pholaiméire]] phatrúnaithe a chuirtear i bhfeidhm ar phláta solúbtha plaisteach nó miotail. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.stbarnabaspress.co.uk/digital-photographic.html|title=Digital &amp; Photographic|author=Hill|first=James|publisher=St Barnabas Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is féidir na clóphlátaí, atá déanta as cloch nó miotal, a chruthú trí phróiseas [[Grianghrafadóireacht|grianghrafadóireachta]], modh ar a dtugtar &quot;fótailiteagrafaíocht&quot; (cé go dtagraíonn an téarma de ghnáth do phhróiseas déantúsaíochta micrileictreonaice) atá beagán cosúil leis). &lt;ref&gt;Hannavy, John. editor. ''Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index, Volume 1.'' Taylor &amp; Francis (2008). {{ISBN|9780415972352}}. page 865.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Mansuripur, Masud. ''Classical Optics and Its Applications''. Cambridge University Press (2002) {{ISBN|9780521804998}}. page 416&lt;/ref&gt; Is forbairt ar an liteagrafaíocht í seachphriontáil nó &quot;seachliteagrafaíocht &quot; ina n-aistrítear an dúch ón phláta go dtí an páipéar go hindíreach trí phláta rubair nó sorcóra, seachas trí theagmháil dhíreach. Coinníonn an teicníc seo an páipéar tirim agus ceadaíonn sí oibriú ardluais atá go hiomlán uathoibrithe. Tá sé tar éis teacht in áit na litagrafaíochta traidisiúnta den chuid is mó le haghaidh priontála meánmhéide agus ardtoirte: ó na 1960idí i leith, priontáiltear formhór na leabhar agus na n-irisí, go háirithe iad siúd a bhfuil léaráidí daite iontu, le seachliteagrafaíocht ó phlátaí miotail a cruthaíodh go grianghrafadóireachta.

Mar theicneolaíocht chlódóireachta, tá liteagrafaíocht difriúil ó [[Inghearradh (cló)|phriontáil intaglio]] (greanphriontáil), ina ndéantar pláta a ghreanadh, [[Eitseáil|a eitseáil]], nó [[Meisitint|a stipáil]] chun cuas a scóráil chun an dúch  clódóireachta a choinneáil; agus priontáil bhloc adhmaid nó priontáil bhrúchló, ina gcuirtear dúch i bhfeidhm ar dhromchlaí ardaithe na litreacha nó na n-íomhánna.
==Tagairtí==
[[[Catagóir:Litreagrafaíocht |Litreagrafaíocht ]]
[[Catagóir:Tosaigh sna 1790idí]]
[[Catagóir:Dearadh cumarsáide]]
[[Catagóir:Dearadh grafach]]
[[Catagóir:Priontáil phlánagrafachh]]
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      <text bytes="2116" sha1="lc62235xqwnaxc95zcpbqjl914o6r6x" xml:space="preserve">Is scrúduithe cumais agus cáilíochta iad scrúduithe '''TEG''' ('''Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge''') d’fhoghlaimeoirí fásta na Gaeilge. Tá baint ag TEG leis an g[[Comhchreat Tagartha na hEorpa um Theangacha]]([[Comhairle na hEorpa]], 2001). Scrúdaítear na ceithre scil: labhairt, cluastuiscint, léamhthuiscint agus scríbhneoireacht. Tá na scrúduithe ar fáil faoi láthair ag cúig leibhéal ó Bhonnleibhéal 1 (A1) go hArdleibhéal 1 (C1). Tá an rogha ag iarrthóirí ag gach leibhéal an scrúdú iomlán a dhéanamh (Lánchreidiúint) nó an scrúdú cainte amháin a dhéanamh (Páirtchreidiúint). 

Is é TEG an chéad chóras teastasaithe d'fhoghlaimeoirí fásta Gaeilge a bhfuil baint aige le córas scrúduithe ALTE/Comhairle na hEorpa. Tá forbairt déanta ar a leithéid de chóras le haghaidh fhormhór na dteangacha eile san [[An Eoraip|Eoraip]] cheana. Cabhraíonn an córas seo leis na foghlaimeoirí a gcuid staidéir a phleanáil agus aitheantas a fháil as an dul chun cinn atá déanta acu. Buntáiste eile a bhaineann leis an gcóras seo ná go dtugann sé cruthúnas d’institiúidí oideachais agus d'fhostóirí maidir le cumas teanga agus iad ag roghnú iarrthóirí do chúrsaí, do phoist nó d'ardú céime. Tá tábhacht faoi leith leis seo ó tháinig forálacha Acht na dTeangacha Oifigiúla (2003) i bhfeidhm. Tá Ionad na dTeangacha in [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Má Nuad|Ollscoil Mhá Nuad]] ina bhall de ALTE (''Association of Language Testers in Europe'') a dhéanann monatóireacht ar ábhar agus ar chaighdeán scrúduithe TEG.

Tá aitheantas oifigiúil faighte ag Ionad na dTeangacha Ollscoil Mhá Nuad ón [[An Roinn Oideachais agus Scileanna|Roinn Oideachais agus Scileanna]] do Mheánleibhéal 2 (B2) Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge (TEG). Ciallaíonn sé seo go sásaíonn TEG Meánleibhéal 2 (B2) na critéir iontrála do chúrsaí fochéime agus iarchéime san Oideachas sna coláistí oiliúna.
 
==Naisc sheachtracha==
*[http://www.teg.ie/ Suíomh oifigiúil]

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    <title>Roger Casement</title>
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[[Taidhleoir]], [[daonnúlach]] agus [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnaí]] [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Ruairí Dáithí Casement ('''nó '''Mhic Easmainn''' nó '''an tEasmannach )''' nó '''Roger Casement''' ([[1 Meán Fómhair]] [[1864]] - [[3 Lúnasa]] [[1916]]). Bhí ról cinniúnach aige in imeachtaí na bliana 1916, agus chuir sé [[Éire]] ar [[Bóthar|bhóthar]] an [[Neamhspleách (polaitíocht)|neamhspleáchais]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/comoradh-ar-thra-na-beannai-ar-theacht-i-dtir-agus-gabhail-mhic-easmainn-cothrom-an-lae-seo-cead-bliain-o-shin/|teideal=Comóradh ar Thrá na Beannaí ar theacht i dtír agus gabháil Mhic Easmainn cothrom an lae seo céad bliain ó shin|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2019-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ard, dubh agus dathúil, agus  breá ábalta an chluain a chur ar dhuine, bhí [[neamhord dépholach]] ag gabháil dó is cosúil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/casement-sir-roger-david-a1532|teideal=Casement, Sir Roger David|údar=dib.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa Ghearmáin ó 1914 go dtí 1916, bhí trí éileamh ag Casement, airm, go dtreoródh oifigigh na Gearmáine éirí amach in Éirinn, agus go bhfoirmeofaí briogáid Éireannach ina mbeadh saighdiúirí Éireannacha in arm ba Breataine a bhí ina bpríosúnaigh chogaidh sa Ghearmáin ag an am. Theip air.  Níor gheall na Gearmánaigh ach líon réasúnta beag arm, agus ní raibh mórán de na príosúnaigh chogaidh sásta dul isteach sa bhriogáid Éireannach.  

Gabhadh Casement ag Trá na Beannaí i gCo. Chiarraí ar Aoine an Chéasta 1916, tar éis d’fhomhuireán Gearmánach é a chur i dtír.  Cuireadh tréas ina leith, fuarthas ciontach é agus crochadh é ar an 3 Lúnasa 1916  i b[[príosún]] [[Pentonville]] i [[Londain]].  [[Íomhá:Roger Casement en el Putumayo.jpg|clé|mion|Casement  i bPutumayo, [[Peiriú]], 1911 b'fhéidir|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Roger Casement and Mrs French Sheldon Wellcome L0044676.jpg|clé|mion|Roger Casement agus Mrs French Sheldon Wellcome, Congó, 1904|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Herbert ward and roger casement.jpg|mion|Bhí an dealbhóir [[:en:Herbert_Ward_(sculptor)|Herbert Ward]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Herbert Ward (sculptor)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Ward_(sculptor)&amp;oldid=1021729801|journal=Wikipedia|date=2021-05-06|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; an-mhór le Casement  roimh 1915 (ar dheis)|clé|220x220px]][[Íomhá:Sir Roger Casement (6188264610).jpg|clé|mion|timpeall 1908|305x305px]][[Íomhá:Casement Roger.jpg|mion|clé|292x292px|1910 '''le''' Keogh Brothers Studio, BAC]][[Íomhá:Roger Casement - The crime against Ireland and how the war may right it.djvu|clé|mion|337x337px|pdf ceangailte:  leabhar a scríobh Casement : ''The crime against Ireland and how the war may right it'']]
[[Íomhá:&quot;To Protest Against the Lawless Policy of Carsonism&quot;.jpg|clé|mion|339x339px|1913: cruinniú poiblí in aghaidh an &quot;Carsonism&quot;]]
[[Íomhá:Sir Roger Casement LCCN2014699528.jpg|clé|mion|302x302px|1915]]
[[Íomhá:1916 Jan 24. Monteith's letter to Casement.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Eanáir 1916:  litir a scríobh Monteith huig Casement]]

== Saol ==
[[Íomhá:Roger Casement-Grave in Glasnevin.jpg|clé|mion|318x318px|Curtha i [[Reilig Ghlas Naíon]]]]Rugadh Roger Casement (1864-1916) ag Teachín Doyle, Lawson Terrace, [[Cuas an Ghainimh]], Co. Bhaile Átha Cliath, mac leis an gCaptaen Roger Casement ón 3ú Garda Dragúin in arm na Breataine agus Anne Jephson ó Mhala, Co. Chorcaí.  Tógadh mar Phrotastúnach (Eaglais na hÉireann) é, cosúil lena athair.  

Timpeall trí bliana d'aois, bhog an teaghlach as Baile Átha Cliath go Sasana, áit ar mhair siad go himeallach ó thaobh airgid de.  Le linn na tréimhse sin i Sasana, thug a mháthair go dtí an Bhreatain Bheag é lena bhaisteadh ina Chaitliceach faoi rún. Níl na foinsí ar aon intinn faoin mbaile beacht: deir cuid acu gurbh í Rhyl í, ach de réir Vicipéid an Bhéarla, luaigh an sagart a rinne an baisteadh, in agallamh ó 1916, [[Aberystwyth]] go sonrach — 130 km ó [[Y Rhyl|Rhyl]].  

Fuair a mháthair bás i 1873, nuair nach raibh Ruairí ach naoi mbliana d'aois; b'shin an fáth ar fhill an teaghlach ar Chontae Aontroma.  Fuair a athair bás i 1877 agus b'iad muintir a athar i g[[Cúige Uladh]] a thóg é.. As sin amach, ba é a uncail, John Casement as Magherintemple,  in aice le Baile an Chaistil, Contae Aontroma, a thóg é.  Cuireadh oideachas mar scoláire cónaithe air ag scoil na deoise sa [[An Baile Meánach|Bhaile Meánach]].

Dar le Jeffrey Dudgeon — an príomhbheathaisnéisí ar Mhac Easmainn — ní raibh baint dá laghad ag muintir Casement leis an bpobal Albanach Preispitéireach in Aontroim. Tugtar le fios go raibh siad tomhaiste bródúil as a bheith difriúil óna gcomharsana Preispitéireacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/roger-casement-a-campaigner-not-a-conspirator-or-even-an-ulster-protestant-1.2680244|teideal=Roger Casement: a campaigner, not a conspirator or even an Ulster Protestant|údar=Jeffrey Dudgeon|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tar éis an scoil a fhágáil i 1880, d’oibrigh Casement i bpoist éagsúla, lena n-áirítear mar chléireach i Learpholl, i riarachán, agus sa tseirbhís phoiblí san Afraic. Ó 1895 ar aghaidh, bhí ceapacháin consalacha aige ag áiteanna éagsúla san Afraic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nli.ie/1916/exhibition/ga/content/rogercasement/index.pdf|teideal=Roger Casement|údar=nli.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Congó ==
I mBoma sa Chongó fuair Casment údarú ó Oifig Eachtrach na Breataine chun iniúchadh agus tuairisciú a dhéanamh ar mhíbhainistiú na Beilge.  Ar dtús, bhain Casement   cáil amach leis an tuairisc a thug sé ar an léirscrios a rinne anlathas [[Rí]] na [[An Bheilg|Beilge]], Leopold, ar [[Saorstát an Chongó|Chongó na Beilge]].  

I mí an Mheithimh 1903 tháinig Casement  go dtí Leopoldville ag ceann deiscirt an Chongó Uachtaraigh. Thaistil sé suas an abhainn ag brath ar ghrúpaí de mhisinéirí le haghaidh iompair agus lóistín. I gcomparáid le turas roimhe sin i 1887, tháinig sé ar phobal laghdaithe agus brúite.

Ar an [[2 Feabhra]] [[1904]], foilsíodh tuairisc  Casement   um ainghníomhartha na mBeilgeach sa Chongó, bunaithe ar staidéar agus agallaimh. Cháin sé rialtas na Beilge ina thuairisc mar rialtas gan trua, agus nochtadh ann sárú córasach ar chearta daonna na ndaoine dúchais. 

Sa bhliain chéanna, 1904, bhunaigh a chara, Edmond Morel, Cumann Leasú an Chongó. Mhéadaigh an cumann seo ar an eolas i measc an phobail maidir leis na hainghníomhartha agus rinne sé comhghríosú chun leasú a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=museum.ie|date=|url=https://www.museum.ie/getmedia/bbc5ec22-153c-4051-8cef-9ec710f3b635/Panel-4-Casement-in-the-Congo-Free-State.pdf|title=Mac Easmainn i Saorstát an Chongó|language=ga-IE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair Casement CMG (Order of St Michael and St George) in 1905 mar gheall ar an tuairisc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sa deireadh i 1908, gabhadh Saorstát an Chongó isteach sa Bheilg. Mar thoradh ar sin tháinig feabhas ar leas an phobail dhúchasaigh.

== Daonnúlach ==
Chuaigh sé ar ais i mbun seirbhíse consalach in Santos, Para agus Rio sa Bhrasaíl. Nuair a coimisiúnaíodh é le tabhairt faoi thuairisc ar mhí-úsáid tuairiscithe oibrithe i dtionscal an rubair in imchuach Putumayo sa Pheiriú. Foilsíodh an tuairisc mar pháipéar parlaiminteach (1911) agus bhí tionchar suntasach aige.

Fuair Casement aitheantas idirnáisiúnta dá bharr mar dhaonnúlach, agus aithníodh a ionchur le ridireacht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Náisiúnaí ==
Bhí Casement ina bhall de [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] ar feadh roinnt blianta agus ghlac sé páirt ian ghníomhaíochtaí cultúrtha pé uair a bhí sé in Éirinn. Bhí sé ag foghlaim Gaeilge agus bhí suim ghníomhach aige i litríocht, stair agus traidisiún na hÉireann. 

Ba chosúil chomh maith go raibh sé éirithe díomách faoin am gur fhág sé an tseirbhís chonsalach timpeall 1911 le himpireacht na Breataine agus an rud ar bhreathnaigh sé air anois mar an smacht éagórach a bhí aici ar Éirinn. Anuas air sin, d’éirigh sé níos radacaí mar gheall go raibh aontachtaithe Uladh ag cur in aghaidh an [[Rialtas Dúchais]] ó 1912 ar aghaidh. 

Nuair a bunaíodh [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] i Samhain 1913, toghadh é ar an gcoiste sealadach. Nuair a thosaigh an cogadh i mí Lúnasa 1914 bhí sé sna Stáit Aontaithe ag bailiú airgid d’óglaigh na hÉireann.  

Sa staid pholaitiúil nua in 1914, d’aithin sé an Ghearmáin mar chomhghuaillí féideartha ag Éirinn agus chinn sé cúnamh a iarradh ar an nGearmáin. Bhí sceipteachas ag go leor de náisiúnach na hÉireann i leith Casement a raibh amhras orthu faoina mhacántacht nó a cheap go raibh sé míshocair agus dainséarach. D’ainneoin sin, chuir ceannaire Chlann na Gael, [[John Devoy]], a d’óstáil a chamchuairt ar Mheiriceá, i dteagmháil é le hambasadóir na Gearmáine a shocraigh cuairt dó i mBeirlín.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;   

=== Sa Ghearmáin ===
Ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1914, tháinig Ruairí Casement go Beirlín ó Mheiriceá. Bhí  Casement  ina idirghabhálaí rúnda ag iarraidh lón cogaidh a sholáthar do reibiliúnaigh [[Éirí Amach na Cásca|na Cásca]].   Bhuail sé le hArthur Zimmermann, Fo-Rúnaí Stáit in Oifig Gnóthaí Eachtracha na Gearmáine, agus le Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Seansailéir na hImpireachta. D'fhógair seisean go raibh an Ghearmáin ar son chúis na Náisiúnaithe.  
Bhí sé ar intinn ag Casement saighdiúirí Éireannacha a earcú as na príosúnaigh chogaidh sa Ghearmáin le linn an [[Cogadh Mór|Chogaidh Mhóir]]. Thosaigh Casement ag earcú don “Bhriogáid Éireannach” i measc príosúnaigh chogaidh Éireannacha, iarrachtaí gan toradh ar dtús.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Sa bhliain 1915, thug sé an sáirsint Robert Monteith&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/monteith.html|teideal=Monteith, the officer in charge of the Irish Brigade|work=www.irishbrigade.eu|dátarochtana=2021-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nuair a thosaigh an cogadh i 1914, ordaíodh do Monteith earcaíocht a dhéanamh d'arm na Breataine; dhiúltaigh sé, agus caitheadh amach as a phost é (agus as Baile Átha Cliath). Ansin a chuaigh sé go Luimneach mar theagascóir druile — sé sin, go déanach i 1914, '''tar éis''' do Mhac Easmainn Éire a fhágáil (Lúnasa 1914 go Meiriceá, Deireadh Fómhair 1914 go dtí an Ghearmáin). Ní raibh Mac Easmainn in Éirinn a thuilleadh nuair a bhí Monteith i Luimneach, mar sin. 

I Luimneach a d'earcaigh [[Tomás Ó Cléirigh|Tom Clarke]] é chun dul i mbun na Briogáide leis an nGearmáin, agus i München, i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1915, a bhuail Monteith agus Mac Easmainn lena chéile den chéad uair. &lt;/ref&gt; in éineacht leis, a bhí ina theagascóir druile le h[[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] i [[Luimneach]], chun a bheith mar Phríomh-Oifigeach na Briogáide. Shroich siad Campa Príosúnaigh Chogaidh Zossen, a bhí fiche míle ó dheas ó [[Beirlín|Bheirlín]], ar an 26 Deireadh Fómhair 1915.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://centenaries.ucd.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/83980-UCD-Decade-of-Centenaries_A5-IRISH_FA_download_v2.pdf|teideal=DEICH mBLIANA na gCUIMHNEACHÁN|údar=centenaries.ucd.ie|dátarochtana=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ní raibh aon rath ar an eagraíocht; ní raibh ach 56 fhear inti an bhliain dár gcionn. 

=== Éirí amach ===
Fuair Casement  airm agus armlón sa Ghearmáin sa bhliain 1916 le haghaidh na reibiliúnach, ach ní raibh an cúnamh chomh maith agus a cheap sé a bheadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/d6677dab14c7b78e5c58b4a1bfeec203.pptx|teideal=Ruairí Mac Easmainn|údar=forasnagaeilge.ie/|dátarochtana=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Nuair a fuair Casement amach go raibh éirí amach pleanáilte don Cháisc, rinne sé cinneadh é a stopadh mar gur chreid sé nach n-éireodh leis gan go leor arm agus gan tacaíocht na Gearmáine. 

Ar an [[11 Aibreán]] [[1916]], sheol Casement ó Wilhelmshaven ar a bhealach go hÉirinn ar bhord an [[Fomhuireán|fhomhuireáin]] U19 le súil go mbuailfeadh sé leis an long &quot;Aud&quot; i g[[Contae Chiarraí]], ar a raibh lastas 20,000 [[raidhfil]], 10 [[meaisínghunna]] agus 1,000,000 urchar a bhí le tabhairt i dtír d’[[Éirí Amach na Cásca]]. 

Go luath maidin Aoine an Chéasta 1916 ([[21 Aibreán]] [[1916]]), tháinig Casement, Robert Monteith agus Daniel Bailey i dtír  ar [[Trá na Beannaí|Thrá na Beannaí]] tar éis dóibh an [[fomhuireán]] Gearmánach, inar thaistil siad ón Ghearmáin, a fhágáil. Theip ar a n-iarrachtaí castáil leis an Aud. D’fhan Casement, a bhí breoite agus tnáite i ndiaidh an aistir fhada, i nDún Mhic Cionnaith, fad a d’imigh Monteith agus Bailey go [[Trá Lí]]. Ghabh cabhlach na Breataine an long ar a raibh na raidhfilí Gearmánacha, an Aud, amach ó chósta an deiscirt agus chuir an captaen go tóin poill é.  

Ar a chloisteáil d’[[Eoin Mac Néill]], ceannaire Óglaigh na hÉireann, go raibh Casement gafa agus na hairm ón nGearmáin caillte, d’ordaigh sé an tÉirí Amach, a bhí beartaithe do [[Domhnach Cásca|Dhomhnach Cásca]],  a chur ar ceal.  

== Basú ==
Tugadh Casement chuig Túr Londain agus cuireadh ar a thriail é as ardtréas san Old Bailey. Ciontaíodh as tréas é. Sular cuireadh chun báis é, ghlac an Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach leis. Crochadh Roger Casement ag Príosún Pentonville ar an 3 Lúnasa 1916.   

Cuireadh  Casement  chun báis i bhfad i ndiaidh cheannairí eile na Cásca.  

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Saorstát an Chongó]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Éirí Amach na Cásca}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Easmainn, Ruairi Mac}}
[[Catagóir:Daonnúlaigh Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1864]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1916]]
[[Catagóir:Taidhleoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine curtha chun báis]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine LADT]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha den 20ú haois]]
[[Catagóir:Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó]]
[[Catagóir:Cuas an Ghainimh]]
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[[Taidhleoir]], [[daonnúlach]] agus [[Náisiúnachas in Éirinn|náisiúnaí]] [[Éire]]annach ab ea '''Ruairí Dáithí Casement ('''nó '''Mhic Easmainn''' nó '''an tEasmannach )''' nó '''Roger Casement''' ([[1 Meán Fómhair]] [[1864]] - [[3 Lúnasa]] [[1916]]). Bhí ról cinniúnach aige in imeachtaí na bliana 1916, agus chuir sé [[Éire]] ar [[Bóthar|bhóthar]] an [[Neamhspleách (polaitíocht)|neamhspleáchais]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/comoradh-ar-thra-na-beannai-ar-theacht-i-dtir-agus-gabhail-mhic-easmainn-cothrom-an-lae-seo-cead-bliain-o-shin/|teideal=Comóradh ar Thrá na Beannaí ar theacht i dtír agus gabháil Mhic Easmainn cothrom an lae seo céad bliain ó shin|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2019-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ard, dubh agus dathúil, agus  breá ábalta an chluain a chur ar dhuine, bhí [[neamhord dépholach]] ag gabháil dó is cosúil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/casement-sir-roger-david-a1532|teideal=Casement, Sir Roger David|údar=dib.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa Ghearmáin ó 1914 go dtí 1916, bhí trí éileamh ag Casement, airm, go dtreoródh oifigigh na Gearmáine éirí amach in Éirinn, agus go bhfoirmeofaí briogáid Éireannach ina mbeadh saighdiúirí Éireannacha in arm ba Breataine a bhí ina bpríosúnaigh chogaidh sa Ghearmáin ag an am. Theip air.  Níor gheall na Gearmánaigh ach líon réasúnta beag arm, agus ní raibh mórán de na príosúnaigh chogaidh sásta dul isteach sa bhriogáid Éireannach.  

Gabhadh Casement ag Trá na Beannaí i gCo. Chiarraí ar Aoine an Chéasta 1916, tar éis d’fhomhuireán Gearmánach é a chur i dtír.  Cuireadh tréas ina leith, fuarthas ciontach é agus crochadh é ar an 3 Lúnasa 1916  i b[[príosún]] [[Pentonville]] i [[Londain]].  [[Íomhá:Roger Casement en el Putumayo.jpg|clé|mion|Casement  i bPutumayo, [[Peiriú]], 1911 b'fhéidir|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Roger Casement and Mrs French Sheldon Wellcome L0044676.jpg|clé|mion|Roger Casement agus Mrs French Sheldon Wellcome, Congó, 1904|220x220px]]
[[Íomhá:Herbert ward and roger casement.jpg|mion|Bhí an dealbhóir [[:en:Herbert_Ward_(sculptor)|Herbert Ward]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Herbert Ward (sculptor)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Ward_(sculptor)&amp;oldid=1021729801|journal=Wikipedia|date=2021-05-06|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; an-mhór le Casement  roimh 1915 (ar dheis)|clé|220x220px]][[Íomhá:Sir Roger Casement (6188264610).jpg|clé|mion|timpeall 1908|305x305px]][[Íomhá:Casement Roger.jpg|mion|clé|292x292px|1910 '''le''' Keogh Brothers Studio, BAC]][[Íomhá:Roger Casement - The crime against Ireland and how the war may right it.djvu|clé|mion|337x337px|pdf ceangailte:  leabhar a scríobh Casement : ''The crime against Ireland and how the war may right it'']]
[[Íomhá:&quot;To Protest Against the Lawless Policy of Carsonism&quot;.jpg|clé|mion|339x339px|1913: cruinniú poiblí in aghaidh an &quot;Carsonism&quot;]]
[[Íomhá:Sir Roger Casement LCCN2014699528.jpg|clé|mion|302x302px|1915]]
[[Íomhá:1916 Jan 24. Monteith's letter to Casement.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Eanáir 1916:  litir a scríobh Monteith huig Casement]]

== Saol ==
[[Íomhá:Roger Casement-Grave in Glasnevin.jpg|clé|mion|318x318px|Curtha i [[Reilig Ghlas Naíon]]]]Rugadh Roger Casement (1864-1916) ag Teachín Doyle, Lawson Terrace, [[Cuas an Ghainimh]], Co. Bhaile Átha Cliath, mac leis an gCaptaen Roger Casement ón 3ú Garda Dragúin in arm na Breataine agus Anne Jephson ó Mhala, Co. Chorcaí.  Tógadh mar Phrotastúnach (Eaglais na hÉireann) é, cosúil lena athair.  

Timpeall trí bliana d'aois, bhog an teaghlach as Baile Átha Cliath go Sasana, áit ar mhair siad go himeallach ó thaobh airgid de.  Le linn na tréimhse sin i Sasana, thug a mháthair go dtí an Bhreatain Bheag é lena bhaisteadh ina Chaitliceach faoi rún. Níl na foinsí ar aon intinn faoin mbaile beacht: deir cuid acu gurbh í Rhyl í, ach de réir Vicipéid an Bhéarla, luaigh an sagart a rinne an baisteadh, in agallamh ó 1916, [[Aberystwyth]] go sonrach — 130 km ó [[Y Rhyl|Rhyl]].  

Fuair a mháthair bás i 1873, nuair nach raibh Ruairí ach naoi mbliana d'aois; b'shin an fáth ar fhill an teaghlach ar Chontae Aontroma.  Fuair a athair bás i 1877 agus b'iad muintir a athar i g[[Cúige Uladh]] a thóg é.. As sin amach, ba é a uncail, John Casement as Magherintemple,  in aice le Baile an Chaistil, Contae Aontroma, a thóg é.  Cuireadh oideachas mar scoláire cónaithe air ag scoil na deoise sa [[An Baile Meánach|Bhaile Meánach]].

Dar le Jeffrey Dudgeon — an príomhbheathaisnéisí ar Mhac Easmainn — ní raibh baint dá laghad ag muintir Casement leis an bpobal Albanach Preispitéireach in Aontroim. Tugtar le fios go raibh siad tomhaiste bródúil as a bheith difriúil óna gcomharsana Preispitéireacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/roger-casement-a-campaigner-not-a-conspirator-or-even-an-ulster-protestant-1.2680244|teideal=Roger Casement: a campaigner, not a conspirator or even an Ulster Protestant|údar=Jeffrey Dudgeon|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2026-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tar éis an scoil a fhágáil i 1880, d’oibrigh Casement i bpoist éagsúla, lena n-áirítear mar chléireach i Learpholl, i riarachán, agus sa tseirbhís phoiblí san Afraic. Ó 1895 ar aghaidh, bhí ceapacháin consalacha aige ag áiteanna éagsúla san Afraic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nli.ie/1916/exhibition/ga/content/rogercasement/index.pdf|teideal=Roger Casement|údar=nli.ie|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Congó ==
I mBoma sa Chongó fuair Casment údarú ó Oifig Eachtrach na Breataine chun iniúchadh agus tuairisciú a dhéanamh ar mhíbhainistiú na Beilge.  Ar dtús, bhain Casement   cáil amach leis an tuairisc a thug sé ar an léirscrios a rinne anlathas [[Rí]] na [[An Bheilg|Beilge]], Leopold, ar [[Saorstát an Chongó|Chongó na Beilge]].  

I mí an Mheithimh 1903 tháinig Casement  go dtí Leopoldville ag ceann deiscirt an Chongó Uachtaraigh. Thaistil sé suas an abhainn ag brath ar ghrúpaí de mhisinéirí le haghaidh iompair agus lóistín. I gcomparáid le turas roimhe sin i 1887, tháinig sé ar phobal laghdaithe agus brúite.

Ar an [[2 Feabhra]] [[1904]], foilsíodh tuairisc  Casement   um ainghníomhartha na mBeilgeach sa Chongó, bunaithe ar staidéar agus agallaimh. Cháin sé rialtas na Beilge ina thuairisc mar rialtas gan trua, agus nochtadh ann sárú córasach ar chearta daonna na ndaoine dúchais. 

Sa bhliain chéanna, 1904, bhunaigh a chara, Edmond Morel, Cumann Leasú an Chongó. Mhéadaigh an cumann seo ar an eolas i measc an phobail maidir leis na hainghníomhartha agus rinne sé comhghríosú chun leasú a dhéanamh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=museum.ie|date=|url=https://www.museum.ie/getmedia/bbc5ec22-153c-4051-8cef-9ec710f3b635/Panel-4-Casement-in-the-Congo-Free-State.pdf|title=Mac Easmainn i Saorstát an Chongó|language=ga-IE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fuair Casement CMG (Order of St Michael and St George) in 1905 mar gheall ar an tuairisc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sa deireadh i 1908, gabhadh Saorstát an Chongó isteach sa Bheilg. Mar thoradh ar sin tháinig feabhas ar leas an phobail dhúchasaigh.

== Daonnúlach ==
Chuaigh sé ar ais i mbun seirbhíse consalach in Santos, Para agus Rio sa Bhrasaíl. Nuair a coimisiúnaíodh é le tabhairt faoi thuairisc ar mhí-úsáid tuairiscithe oibrithe i dtionscal an rubair in imchuach Putumayo sa Pheiriú. Foilsíodh an tuairisc mar pháipéar parlaiminteach (1911) agus bhí tionchar suntasach aige.

Fuair Casement aitheantas idirnáisiúnta dá bharr mar dhaonnúlach, agus aithníodh a ionchur le ridireacht.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Nuair a bhuail ráig den fhiabhras dubh Conamara sa bhliain 1913, scríobh Casement chuig na nuachtáin ag cur síos ar [[Leitir Mealláin]] mar &quot;an Irish Putumayo&quot;, agus ceangal á dhéanamh aige idir na dálaí maireachtála ansin agus an fhulaingt a bhí feicthe aige san Amasóin. Go deimhin, bhí Casement  ag obair gan staonadh chun na droch-dhálaí maireachtála in iarthar na hÉireann céad bliain ó shin a mhaolú agus aird a dhíriú orthu, agus é chomh diongbháilte dúthrachtach céanna ina leith sin is a bhí sé i bPutumayo agus sa Chongó.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://foreign-affairs.net/ie/tuarascail-bhliantuil/suil-siar-ar-an-mbliain-2016/mo-bhliain-fein-in-2016/brian-glynn/|teideal=Casement|údar=Brian Glynn / DFA.ie|dáta=2016|dátarochtana=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Náisiúnaí ==
Bhí Casement ina bhall de [[Conradh na Gaeilge|Chonradh na Gaeilge]] ar feadh roinnt blianta agus ghlac sé páirt ian ghníomhaíochtaí cultúrtha pé uair a bhí sé in Éirinn. Bhí sé ag foghlaim Gaeilge agus bhí suim ghníomhach aige i litríocht, stair agus traidisiún na hÉireann. 

Ba chosúil chomh maith go raibh sé éirithe díomách faoin am gur fhág sé an tseirbhís chonsalach timpeall 1911 le himpireacht na Breataine agus an rud ar bhreathnaigh sé air anois mar an smacht éagórach a bhí aici ar Éirinn. Anuas air sin, d’éirigh sé níos radacaí mar gheall go raibh aontachtaithe Uladh ag cur in aghaidh an [[Rialtas Dúchais]] ó 1912 ar aghaidh. 

Nuair a bunaíodh [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] i Samhain 1913, toghadh é ar an gcoiste sealadach. Nuair a thosaigh an cogadh i mí Lúnasa 1914 bhí sé sna Stáit Aontaithe ag bailiú airgid d’óglaigh na hÉireann.  

Sa staid pholaitiúil nua in 1914, d’aithin sé an Ghearmáin mar chomhghuaillí féideartha ag Éirinn agus chinn sé cúnamh a iarradh ar an nGearmáin. Bhí sceipteachas ag go leor de náisiúnach na hÉireann i leith Casement a raibh amhras orthu faoina mhacántacht nó a cheap go raibh sé míshocair agus dainséarach. D’ainneoin sin, chuir ceannaire Chlann na Gael, [[John Devoy]], a d’óstáil a chamchuairt ar Mheiriceá, i dteagmháil é le hambasadóir na Gearmáine a shocraigh cuairt dó i mBeirlín.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;   

=== Sa Ghearmáin ===
Ar an 31 Deireadh Fómhair 1914, tháinig Ruairí Casement go Beirlín ó Mheiriceá. Bhí  Casement  ina idirghabhálaí rúnda ag iarraidh lón cogaidh a sholáthar do reibiliúnaigh [[Éirí Amach na Cásca|na Cásca]].   Bhuail sé le hArthur Zimmermann, Fo-Rúnaí Stáit in Oifig Gnóthaí Eachtracha na Gearmáine, agus le Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Seansailéir na hImpireachta. D'fhógair seisean go raibh an Ghearmáin ar son chúis na Náisiúnaithe.  
Bhí sé ar intinn ag Casement saighdiúirí Éireannacha a earcú as na príosúnaigh chogaidh sa Ghearmáin le linn an [[Cogadh Mór|Chogaidh Mhóir]]. Thosaigh Casement ag earcú don “Bhriogáid Éireannach” i measc príosúnaigh chogaidh Éireannacha, iarrachtaí gan toradh ar dtús.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Sa bhliain 1915, thug sé an sáirsint Robert Monteith&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/monteith.html|teideal=Monteith, the officer in charge of the Irish Brigade|work=www.irishbrigade.eu|dátarochtana=2021-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nuair a thosaigh an cogadh i 1914, ordaíodh do Monteith earcaíocht a dhéanamh d'arm na Breataine; dhiúltaigh sé, agus caitheadh amach as a phost é (agus as Baile Átha Cliath). Ansin a chuaigh sé go Luimneach mar theagascóir druile — sé sin, go déanach i 1914, '''tar éis''' do Mhac Easmainn Éire a fhágáil (Lúnasa 1914 go Meiriceá, Deireadh Fómhair 1914 go dtí an Ghearmáin). Ní raibh Mac Easmainn in Éirinn a thuilleadh nuair a bhí Monteith i Luimneach, mar sin. 

I Luimneach a d'earcaigh [[Tomás Ó Cléirigh|Tom Clarke]] é chun dul i mbun na Briogáide leis an nGearmáin, agus i München, i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1915, a bhuail Monteith agus Mac Easmainn lena chéile den chéad uair. &lt;/ref&gt; in éineacht leis, a bhí ina theagascóir druile le h[[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] i [[Luimneach]], chun a bheith mar Phríomh-Oifigeach na Briogáide. Shroich siad Campa Príosúnaigh Chogaidh Zossen, a bhí fiche míle ó dheas ó [[Beirlín|Bheirlín]], ar an 26 Deireadh Fómhair 1915.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://centenaries.ucd.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/83980-UCD-Decade-of-Centenaries_A5-IRISH_FA_download_v2.pdf|teideal=DEICH mBLIANA na gCUIMHNEACHÁN|údar=centenaries.ucd.ie|dátarochtana=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ní raibh aon rath ar an eagraíocht; ní raibh ach 56 fhear inti an bhliain dár gcionn. 

=== Éirí amach ===
Fuair Casement  airm agus armlón sa Ghearmáin sa bhliain 1916 le haghaidh na reibiliúnach, ach ní raibh an cúnamh chomh maith agus a cheap sé a bheadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/d6677dab14c7b78e5c58b4a1bfeec203.pptx|teideal=Ruairí Mac Easmainn|údar=forasnagaeilge.ie/|dátarochtana=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Nuair a fuair Casement amach go raibh éirí amach pleanáilte don Cháisc, rinne sé cinneadh é a stopadh mar gur chreid sé nach n-éireodh leis gan go leor arm agus gan tacaíocht na Gearmáine. 

Ar an [[11 Aibreán]] [[1916]], sheol Casement ó Wilhelmshaven ar a bhealach go hÉirinn ar bhord an [[Fomhuireán|fhomhuireáin]] U19 le súil go mbuailfeadh sé leis an long &quot;Aud&quot; i g[[Contae Chiarraí]], ar a raibh lastas 20,000 [[raidhfil]], 10 [[meaisínghunna]] agus 1,000,000 urchar a bhí le tabhairt i dtír d’[[Éirí Amach na Cásca]]. 

Go luath maidin Aoine an Chéasta 1916 ([[21 Aibreán]] [[1916]]), tháinig Casement, Robert Monteith agus Daniel Bailey i dtír  ar [[Trá na Beannaí|Thrá na Beannaí]] tar éis dóibh an [[fomhuireán]] Gearmánach, inar thaistil siad ón Ghearmáin, a fhágáil. Theip ar a n-iarrachtaí castáil leis an Aud. D’fhan Casement, a bhí breoite agus tnáite i ndiaidh an aistir fhada, i nDún Mhic Cionnaith, fad a d’imigh Monteith agus Bailey go [[Trá Lí]]. Ghabh cabhlach na Breataine an long ar a raibh na raidhfilí Gearmánacha, an Aud, amach ó chósta an deiscirt agus chuir an captaen go tóin poill é.  

Ar a chloisteáil d’[[Eoin Mac Néill]], ceannaire Óglaigh na hÉireann, go raibh Casement gafa agus na hairm ón nGearmáin caillte, d’ordaigh sé an tÉirí Amach, a bhí beartaithe do [[Domhnach Cásca|Dhomhnach Cásca]],  a chur ar ceal.  

== Basú ==
Tugadh Casement chuig Túr Londain agus cuireadh ar a thriail é as ardtréas san Old Bailey. Ciontaíodh as tréas é. Sular cuireadh chun báis é, ghlac an Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach leis. Crochadh Roger Casement ag Príosún Pentonville ar an 3 Lúnasa 1916.   

Cuireadh  Casement  chun báis i bhfad i ndiaidh cheannairí eile na Cásca.  

=== '''Na Dialanna Dubha'' ' ===
Is dialanna iad na Dialanna Dubha a mhaítear gur scríobh Casement féin iad, ina bhfuil cuntais ar chaidrimh homaighnéasacha le fir óga — [[Striapachas|striapaigh]] den chuid is mó. Clúdaíonn siad na blianta 1903 agus 1910, chomh maith le dhá dhialann ó 1911.  

Le linn a thrialach as ardtréas, mhol an t-ionchúisitheoir (F. E. Smith) don chosaint na dialanna a chur os comhair na cúirte, toisc gurbh fhéidir go sábhálfaí a bheatha dá bharr; dhiúltaigh Mac Easmainn dó. Tar éis a chiontaithe, scaip Rialtas na Breataine cóipeanna &quot;go rúnda&quot; i measc daoine tábhachtacha i Meiriceá go háirithe, iad siúd a bhí ag iarraidh trócaire a lorg dó — beart a mhaolaigh go mór ar an tacaíocht a bhí ag a achomharc.   

Is í an tuairim is coitianta i measc staraithe faoi láthair gur scríobh Mac Easmainn féin na dialanna (in 1993: dúirt saineolaí de chuid na Roinne Baile (David Baxendale) gurbh í lámh Mhic Easmainn féin a bhí i bhformhór na lámhscríbhneoireachta).  

Is iomaí sin duine údarásach a cheap nach gcrochfaí Mac Easmainn gan iad, go raibh an oiread sin cáirde cumhachtacha aige a bheadh in ann breith na cúirte a athrú agus príosún saoil a fháil curtha air, sin nó é a chur i ngealtlainn, marach an úsáid ghránna a bhain gníomhairí de chuid Rialtais na Breataine astu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Proinsias Mac Aonghusa i gComhar, Iml. 18, Uimh. 5, Bealtaine 1959&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Foinsí ==
Tugann an leabhar ‘The Black Diaries’ le Peter Singleton-Gates agus Maurice Girodias (Grove Press) cuntas an-bhreá ar shaol Casement  ón lá ar rugadh é go lá a bháis, ar a mhuintir, agus ar stair na hÉireann roimhe agus ina dhiadh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Na Dialanna Dubha|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20550587|journal=Comhar|date=1959|issn=0010-2369|pages=10–13|volume=18|issue=5|doi=10.2307/20550587|author=Peter Singleton-Gates, Maurice Girodias}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Saorstát an Chongó]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Éirí Amach na Cásca}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Easmainn, Ruairi Mac}}
[[Catagóir:Daonnúlaigh Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Réabhlóidithe Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a cuireadh i Reilig Ghlas Naíon]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1864]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1916]]
[[Catagóir:Taidhleoirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine curtha chun báis]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha den 20ú haois]]
[[Catagóir:Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó]]
[[Catagóir:Cuas an Ghainimh]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Eaglais na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Fir aeracha]]</text>
      <sha1>2w58ixl8i0t6cnykpa7yt62bf851x0l</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ben Sasse</title>
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        <username>Wikipidéanach</username>
        <id>68935</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>cuireadh &quot;breoiteacht&quot; leis</comment>
      <origin>1322590</origin>
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      <text bytes="1388" sha1="5tbj5vw8xoc18mzbrvyp9iabnby4onb" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Is é '''Ben Sasse''' (22 Feabhra, 1972 ar rugadh é) [[Seanad Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|seanadóir Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]] sóisearach ó [[Nebraska]]. Is ball den [[Páirtí Poblachtach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Poblachtach]] é.

== Saol pearsanta ==
'''Breoiteacht'''

Ar an 23 Nollaig 2025, d'fhógair Sasse go raibh ailse phaincréis fhoirceanta den cheathrú céim air.&lt;ref name=&quot;WaPo2025-12-23&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/12/23/ben-sasse-pancreatic-cancer/|teideal=Republican former senator Ben Sasse says he has terminal cancer|work=The Washington Post|last=Wong|first=Amy B.|date=December 23, 2025|access-date=2025-12-23|issn=0190-8286}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/03/06/nx-s1-5729065/former-sen-ben-sasse-talks-about-the-state-of-us-politics-and-his-fight-with-cancer|teideal=Former Sen. Ben Sasse on laughing his way through terminal cancer|work=[[NPR]]|last=Inskeep|first=Steve|date=March 6, 2026|access-date=2026-03-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

{{Síol-us}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sasse, Ben}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1972]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Poblachtánaigh na Stát Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Preispitéirigh]]
[[Catagóir:Seanadóirí na Stát Aontaithe]]</text>
      <sha1>5tbj5vw8xoc18mzbrvyp9iabnby4onb</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Haarlemmermeer</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>69886</id>
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      <id>1322556</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-03T14:21:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1322556</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="513" sha1="ivdd8n6y76zh1skgrbligsx0rzo0kk8" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Is [[bardas]] san [[An Ollainn Thuaidh|Ollainn Thuaidh]], [[an Ísiltír]] é '''Haarlemmermeer'''. Is poldar é Haarlemmermeer, comhdhéanta de thalamh a gnóthaíodh ón uisce. Ciallaíonn an t-ainm Haarlemmermeer 'loch Haarlem', ag tagairt don dobharlach ar gnóthaíodh an réigiún uaidh sa 19ú haois.

Bhí 144,226 duine ina gcónaí in Enkhuizen sa bhliain 2014.
== Nasc seachtrach ==
http://www.haarlemmermeer.nl/
{{stumpa-tír-nl}}

[[Catagóir:Ollainn Thuaidh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>278 (uimhir)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Wikipidéanach</username>
        <id>68935</id>
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      <minor />
      <origin>1322588</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="203" sha1="9bjr1yqcdrq3wspp3hb88h9vsp2926e" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Uimhir}}
Is é '''278''' an [[Uimhir aiceanta|uimhir nádúrtha]] tad éis [[277 (uimhir)|277]] agus roimh [[279 (uimhir)|279]]. 

{{Uimhir}}

{{stumpa}}

[[Catagóir:Slánuimhreacha]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>90902</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1322569</id>
      <parentid>1322537</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T16:24:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Droichead Pádraig */</comment>
      <origin>1322569</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17417" sha1="ce7h6fdme5tk58wepewg2ef4hx0whyg" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

| image                 = File:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg
| caption               = St Patrick's Bridge in 2024

'' '''St Patrick's Bridge''' ({{irish place name|Droichead Pádraig|no_translate=yes}}) is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[County Wexford]] in Ireland. The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Kilmore Quay]] to Little Saltee in the [[Saltee Islands]] via the [[Celtic Sea]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=&lt;!-- not stated --&gt; |date= |title=Wexford – County geological site report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf |format=pdf |website= |location=[[County Wexford]] |publisher=[[Geological Survey of Ireland]] |access-date=12 June 2026 |archive-date=12 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[Last Glacial Period|last Ice Age]]. [[Radiocarbon dating]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[sand]], [[gravel]] and [[granite]] from the [[Quaternary Age]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remainings of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the [[Saltee Islands]]. The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |first1=Julian D. |last1=Orford |first2=Richard William Gale |last2=Carter |title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford |journal=Irish Geography |year=1982 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=70–84 |doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[algae]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=&quot;m367&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Norton |first=Trevor A. |title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland |journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] |volume=5 |issue=2 |date=31 October 1970 |issn=0007-1617 |doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 |pages=257–266 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 |access-date=1 July 2026 |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Irish patron saint [[Saint Patrick]] chased [[the Devil]] from [[County Tipperary]] down to the coast of [[County Wexford]]. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,{{efn|name=&quot;swim&quot;|In the legend, Saint Patrick does not follow the Devil into the water as he is unable to swim.&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;}} with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Byrne |first=Cian |date=7 June 2026 |title=Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html |website= |location= |publisher=[[Irish Examiner]] |access-date=12 June 2026 |archive-date=29 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Hurley |first=Jim |date=25 March 2008 |title=Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands |url=https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf |format=pdf |via=southwexfordcoast.com |location= |publisher=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |access-date=1 July 2026 |archive-date=13 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock==
'''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Carnsore Point|Carnsore]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Forth Mountain]] that Saint Patrick threw into the Celtic Sea, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Geological Survey of Ireland]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;

== 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August|Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August]]

== Nótaí 
{{notelist}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

[[Category:Celtic Sea]]
[[Category:Saint Patrick]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
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        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
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      <text bytes="17355" sha1="7dl30p5t5qr48e48tayv4kyjicxj16b" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

| image                 = File:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg
| caption               = St Patrick's Bridge in 2024


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland. The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Kilmore Quay]] to Little Saltee in the [[Saltee Islands]] via the [[Celtic Sea]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;&gt;{{cite web | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Geological Survey of Ireland]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[Last Glacial Period|last Ice Age]]. [[Radiocarbon dating]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[sand]], [[gravel]] agus [[granite]] from the [[Quaternary Age]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remainings of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the [[Saltee Islands]]. The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |first1=Julian D. |last1=Orford |first2=Richard William Gale |last2=Carter |title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford |journal=Irish Geography |year=1982 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=70–84 |doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[algae]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=&quot;m367&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Norton |first=Trevor A. |title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland |journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] |volume=5 |issue=2 |date=31 October 1970 |issn=0007-1617 |doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 |pages=257–266 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 |access-date=1 July 2026 |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Irish patron saint [[Saint Patrick]] chased [[the Devil]] from [[County Tipperary]] down to the coast of [[County Wexford]]. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,{{efn|name=&quot;swim&quot;|In the legend, Saint Patrick does not follow the Devil into the water as he is unable to swim.&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;}} with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Byrne |first=Cian |date=7 June 2026 |title=Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html |website= |location= |publisher=[[Irish Examiner]] |access-date=12 June 2026 |archive-date=29 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Hurley |first=Jim |date=25 March 2008 |title=Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands |url=https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf |format=pdf |via=southwexfordcoast.com |location= |publisher=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |access-date=1 July 2026 |archive-date=13 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock==
'''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Carnsore Point|Carnsore]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Forth Mountain]] that Saint Patrick threw into the Celtic Sea, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Geological Survey of Ireland]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;

== 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August|Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August]]

== Nótaí 
{{notelist}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

[[Category:Celtic Sea]]
[[Category:Saint Patrick]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322571</id>
      <parentid>1322570</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T16:29:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1322571</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17391" sha1="jesm031cc5mpjygxcci4i2t4rgrlfmf" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

| image                 = File:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg
| caption               = St Patrick's Bridge in 2024


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland. The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Kilmore Quay]] to Little Saltee in the [[Saltee Islands]] via the [[Celtic Sea]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;&gt;{{cite web | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Geological Survey of Ireland]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[Last Glacial Period|last Ice Age]]. [[Radiocarbon dating]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[sand]], [[gravel]] agus [[granite]] from the [[Quaternary Age]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remainings of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the [[Saltee Islands]]. The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |first1=Julian D. |last1=Orford |first2=Richard William Gale |last2=Carter |title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford |journal=Irish Geography |year=1982 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=70–84 |doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[algae]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=&quot;m367&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Norton |first=Trevor A. |title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland |journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] |volume=5 |issue=2 |date=31 October 1970 |issn=0007-1617 |doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 |pages=257–266 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 |access-date=1 July 2026 |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Irish patron saint [[Saint Patrick]] chased [[the Devil]] from [[County Tipperary]] down to the coast of [[County Wexford]]. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,{{efn|name=&quot;swim&quot;|In the legend, Saint Patrick does not follow the Devil into the water as he is unable to swim.&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;}} with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Byrne |first=Cian |date=7 June 2026 |title=Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html |website= |location= |publisher=[[Irish Examiner]] |access-date=12 June 2026 |archive-date=29 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Hurley |first=Jim |date=25 March 2008 |title=Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands |url=https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf |format=pdf |via=southwexfordcoast.com |location= |publisher=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |access-date=1 July 2026 |archive-date=13 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Carnsore Point|Carnsore]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Forth Mountain]] that Saint Patrick threw into the Celtic Sea, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Geological Survey of Ireland]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Nótaí 
{{notelist}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

[[Category:Celtic Sea]]
[[Category:Saint Patrick]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>jesm031cc5mpjygxcci4i2t4rgrlfmf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322572</id>
      <parentid>1322571</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T16:36:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Droichead Pádraig */</comment>
      <origin>1322572</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17379" sha1="dl5ilovw8mhbo7dt1q32lhm8z45q4t0" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland.  The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Cé na Cille Móire]] to An Sailte Beag in [[Na Sailtí]] via the [[An Mhuir Cheilteach]].
&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{cite web | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[Last Glacial Period|last Ice Age]]. [[Radiocarbon dating]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[sand]], [[gravel]] agus [[granite]] from the [[Quaternary Age]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remainings of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the [[Saltee Islands]]. The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |first1=Julian D. |last1=Orford |first2=Richard William Gale |last2=Carter |title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford |journal=Irish Geography |year=1982 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=70–84 |doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[algae]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=&quot;m367&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Norton |first=Trevor A. |title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland |journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] |volume=5 |issue=2 |date=31 October 1970 |issn=0007-1617 |doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 |pages=257–266 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 |access-date=1 July 2026 |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Irish patron saint [[Saint Patrick]] chased [[the Devil]] from [[County Tipperary]] down to the coast of [[County Wexford]]. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,{{efn|name=&quot;swim&quot;|In the legend, Saint Patrick does not follow the Devil into the water as he is unable to swim.&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;}} with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Byrne |first=Cian |date=7 June 2026 |title=Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html |website= |location= |publisher=[[Irish Examiner]] |access-date=12 June 2026 |archive-date=29 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Hurley |first=Jim |date=25 March 2008 |title=Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands |url=https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf |format=pdf |via=southwexfordcoast.com |location= |publisher=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |access-date=1 July 2026 |archive-date=13 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Carnsore Point|Carnsore]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Forth Mountain]] that Saint Patrick threw into the Celtic Sea, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Geological Survey of Ireland]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Nótaí 
{{notelist}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

[[Category:Celtic Sea]]
[[Category:Saint Patrick]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
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      <text bytes="17657" sha1="ftv0iw8lm9unkgrclz9uxukypiz5v02" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland.  The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Cé na Cille Móire]] to An Sailte Beag in [[Na Sailtí]] via the [[An Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|last Ice Age]]. [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] from the [[An Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[algae]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.
&lt;ref name=m367&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,
{{efn|name=&quot;swim&quot;|In the legend, Saint Patrick does not follow the Devil into the water as he is unable to swim.&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;}}
 with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.
&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{cite web | sloinne =Byrne | ainm =Cian |date=7 June 2026 | teideal =Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | | foilsitheoir =[[Irish Examiner]] |dátarochtana =12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 June 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{cite web | sloinne =Hurley | ainm =Jim | date=25 March 2008 | teideal =Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url=https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work =southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 March 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Forth Mountain]] that Saint Patrick threw into the Celtic Sea, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Geological Survey of Ireland]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gsi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hurl&quot;/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{cite web | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]

== Buntásc==

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      <text bytes="17590" sha1="9ift0h9zbo5832dwbcif6tiqujueryc" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland.  The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Cé na Cille Móire]] to An Sailte Beag in [[Na Sailtí]] via the [[An Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|last Ice Age]]. [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] from the [[An Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.
&lt;ref name=&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[algae]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.
&lt;ref name=m367&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Forth Mountain]] that Saint Patrick threw into the Celtic Sea, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Geological Survey of Ireland]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{cite web | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]

== Buntásc==

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        <id>33120</id>
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      <text bytes="17725" sha1="gct78kq0lmla01395dphp44cniavm8r" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland.  The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Cé na Cille Móire]] to An Sailte Beag in [[Na Sailtí]] via the [[An Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|last Ice Age]]. [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] from the [[An Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]

== Buntásc==

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      <text bytes="17813" sha1="dszhuwf76vlrm6f080of00xnimfiby8" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland.  The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Cé na Cille Móire]] to An Sailte Beag in [[Na Sailtí]] via the [[An Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|last Ice Age]]. [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] from the [[An Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>dszhuwf76vlrm6f080of00xnimfiby8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322586</id>
      <parentid>1322585</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T21:58:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Droichead Pádraig */</comment>
      <origin>1322586</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17805" sha1="85zhvnlk55hk1obpoinrpaboqczt4zw" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland.  The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Cé na Cille Móire]] to An Sailte Beag in [[Na Sailtí]] via the [[An Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|last Ice Age]]. [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] from the [[An Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>85zhvnlk55hk1obpoinrpaboqczt4zw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322587</id>
      <parentid>1322586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T21:58:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>1322587</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17834" sha1="d43j7xpf7qfjnr18bkrbnln57m15yuj" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland|Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland.  The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Cé na Cille Móire]] to An Sailte Beag in [[Na Sailtí]] via the [[An Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|last Ice Age]]. [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] from the [[An Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>d43j7xpf7qfjnr18bkrbnln57m15yuj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322600</id>
      <parentid>1322587</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-04T05:17:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Droichead Pádraig */</comment>
      <origin>1322600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17867" sha1="q61idbab3cmk2f0arcfk4o68j9ovpx9" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland|Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


'' '''Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;is an [[Intertidal zone|intertidal]] elongated landform and [[moraine]] ridge in [[Contae Loch Garman]] in Ireland.  The ridge connects Nemestown townland east of [[Cé na Cille Móire]] to An Sailte Beag in [[Na Sailtí]] via the [[An Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|last Ice Age]]. [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] from the [[An Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]
[[Catagóir:Contae Loch Garman]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
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        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
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      <comment>/* Droichead Pádraig */</comment>
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      <text bytes="17854" sha1="sppwsn3iguzwa2ikr5b6dqu2356faqx" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland|Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


'' '''Is tóchar idirthaoideach agus iomaire moiréin é Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;).  Stiúir i g[[Contae Loch Garman]] in, nascann sé Baile Béim]] taobh thoir de {{h|Cé na Cille Móire}} leis [[Na Sailtí|An Sailte Beag]] sa [[An Mhuir Cheilteach|An Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Formation and composition 
''The moraine was deposited from the [[British-Irish Ice Sheet]] during the [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|last Ice Age]]. [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is composed of [[mudstone]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] from the [[An Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]
[[Catagóir:Contae Loch Garman]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
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      <text bytes="17787" sha1="od4h0rv4x3ul5czuw89cagnjn2x6ggd" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland|Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


Is tóchar idirthaoideach é '''Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;).  Stiúir i g[[Contae Loch Garman]] in, nascann sé Baile Béim]] taobh thoir de {{h|Cé na Cille Móire}} leis [[Na Sailtí|An Sailte Beag]] sa [[An Mhuir Cheilteach|Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Foirmíocht agus comhdhéanamh 
Is iomaire moiréin é an tóchar, sil-leagthat ann le linn [[an Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh]]. '' [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. '' Faightear ann [[láibchloch]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] as [[an Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]
[[Catagóir:Contae Loch Garman]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1322603</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Droichead Pádraig */</comment>
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      <text bytes="17785" sha1="lgztisz77twmjkhhecbthrqr451bqc5" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland|Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Pádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


Is tóchar idirthaoideach é '''Droichead Pádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;).  Suite i g[[Contae Loch Garman]] in, nascann sé Baile Béim]] taobh thoir de {{h|Cé na Cille Móire}} leis [[Na Sailtí|An Sailte Beag]] sa [[An Mhuir Cheilteach|Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Foirmíocht agus comhdhéanamh 
Is iomaire moiréin é an tóchar, sil-leagthat ann le linn [[an Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh]]. '' [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. '' Faightear ann [[láibchloch]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] as [[an Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]
[[Catagóir:Contae Loch Garman]]

== Buntásc==

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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Droichead Phádraig */</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="17787" sha1="rctan9pmemcyidxh2q0emq1rc2hlmde" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland|Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Phádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


Is tóchar idirthaoideach é '''Droichead Phádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;).  Suite i g[[Contae Loch Garman]] in, nascann sé Baile Béim]] taobh thoir de {{h|Cé na Cille Móire}} leis [[Na Sailtí|An Sailte Beag]] sa [[An Mhuir Cheilteach|Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Foirmíocht agus comhdhéanamh 
Is iomaire moiréin é an tóchar, sil-leagthat ann le linn [[an Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh]]. '' [[Dátú radacarbóin]] of shells in the moraine were used to infer the maximum extent of the ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. '' Faightear ann [[láibchloch]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] as [[an Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an easterly storm or through sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

''In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

==St Patrick's Rock
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[glacial erratic]] in the Celtic Sea. It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Wikipedia ''Did you know... '' archive, August 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]
[[Catagóir:Contae Loch Garman]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>rctan9pmemcyidxh2q0emq1rc2hlmde</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>1322607</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-04T09:22:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Droichead Phádraig */</comment>
      <origin>1322607</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17774" sha1="8b9todlqfo837wz931k4pd55gq4i68q" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland|Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Phádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


Is tóchar idirthaoideach é '''Droichead Phádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;).  Suite i g[[Contae Loch Garman]] in, nascann sé [[Baile Neim]] taobh thoir de {{h|Cé na Cille Móire}} leis [[Na Sailtí|An Sailte Beag]] sa [[An Mhuir Cheilteach|Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Foirmíocht agus comhdhéanamh 
Is iomaire moiréin é an tóchar, sil-leagtha ann le linn [[an Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh]].  Rinneadh [[Dátú radacarbóin]] ar sliogáin sa mhoiréan chun uas-fhairsinge na hoighearchlúide a thuiscint.  Faightear ann [[láibchloch]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] as [[an Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an storm or sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

'' In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

== Carraig Phádraig 
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[carraig chorr oighreach]] in the Celtic Sea.  It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Seanscéal 
''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* Cartlann ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|Did you know...]]'', Wikipedia, 3ú Lúnasa 2026

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]
[[Catagóir:Contae Loch Garman]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>8b9todlqfo837wz931k4pd55gq4i68q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322608</id>
      <parentid>1322607</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-04T09:23:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Droichead Phádraig */</comment>
      <origin>1322608</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17813" sha1="o8iy2s6ot70snheyquxwzmqg1kg2nx0" xml:space="preserve">[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
* [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -&gt; reatha)
** 134 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta
** 62,524 -&gt; {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt


* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s
* [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]]


* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]-
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- (an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conartha, Forais srl.)
* -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]-
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]]/Timpeallacht
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]])
* ([[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]])
* [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]


* [[James Clarence Mangan]]=[[Séamus Ó Mangáin]], [[Carthach is Sine]], [[Áth Eine]], [[Cearbhall mac Lochlainn Ó Dálaigh]], [[Seán mac Fergail Óicc Ó hUiccinn]]=[[Seán mac Feargail Óig Ó hUiginn]]

* [[Bailiúchán Egerton]], [[Aonach Thailtean]]

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe
|-
| [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]]
|-
| [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]]
|}


# ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]]
# ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]]
# ''[[:en:St Patrick's Bridge|St Patrick's Bridge]]'' - [[Droichead Pádraig]]
# ''[[:en:Geological Survey of Ireland|Geological Survey of Ireland]]'' - [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]]

== Eochu Buadach ==
'''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach'''), son of [[Dui Ladrach]], was, according to some redactions or versions of [[Lebor Gabála Érenn]] (LGÉ), a [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|High King of Ireland]].  However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]].

== Storyline variation
'' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:&lt;ref name=lge265 /&gt;

:''Thereafter the princedom of Ulaid was sundered from Temair, and Eochu Buadach s. Dui took the kingship of Ireland—the father of Ugoine Mór, who was foster-son to [[Cimbáeth|Cimbaeth]] s. Finntan.''

'' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.&lt;ref name=lge264 /&gt;  However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann.

'' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline.

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=lge265&gt;[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=lge264&gt;LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Laigin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}}
[[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]]

== Lughnasadh ==
| holiday_name  = Lughnasadh
| type          = Pagan
| longtype      = Cultural,&lt;br /&gt;Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]])
| image         = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg
| caption       = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]]
| nickname      = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])&lt;br /&gt;''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])&lt;br /&gt;''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]])
| observedby    = Historically: [[Gaels]]&lt;br /&gt;Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns
| significance  = beginning of the harvest season
| date          = 1 August
| celebrations  = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests
| relatedto     = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]]

'' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. 

'' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities.

== Sanasaíocht 
In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foclóir_Dineen&quot; /&gt; Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&amp;pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}.

==Mythology and folklore
[[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.&lt;ref&gt; [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. &quot;The Iron Age&quot;. In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks Elder&quot;/&gt; A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan297&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.297–299&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.&lt;ref name=monaghan297 /&gt; Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.&lt;ref name=&quot;monaghan436&quot;&gt;Monaghan, pp.436–437&lt;/ref&gt; Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.&lt;ref name=Elder /&gt;
&lt;ref name=Coffey1913&gt;{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, &amp; Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Leviton2006&gt;{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&amp;pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.
&lt;ref name=Franklin2001&gt;{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&amp;dq=lughnasa+mourning&amp;pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

'' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods.  One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure.  The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.
&lt;ref name=macneill416&gt;MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gabhann2000&gt;Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf &quot;Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological &amp; Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237&lt;/ref&gt;
 Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt;  MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.
&lt;ref name=ogain1988&gt;Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill &amp; MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11&lt;/ref&gt;
 In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]].  Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].&lt;ref name=macneill416 /&gt; He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.
&lt;ref name=&gt;Anna Franklin &amp; Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

== Droichead Phádraig ==

[[Íomhá:Nemestown St. Patrick's Bridge and Saltee Islands 2024 09 18.jpg (cropped).jpg | mion | St Patrick's Bridge in 2024]]


Is tóchar idirthaoideach é '''Droichead Phádraig''' (Béarla: ''Saint Patrick's Bridge''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;).  Suite i g[[Contae Loch Garman]] in, nascann sé [[Baile Neim]] taobh thoir de {{h|Cé na Cille Móire}} leis [[Na Sailtí|An Sailte Beag]] sa [[An Mhuir Cheilteach|Mhuir Cheilteach]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Foirmíocht agus comhdhéanamh 
Is iomaire moiréin é an tóchar, sil-leagtha ann le linn [[an Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh]].  Rinneadh [[Dátú radacarbóin]] ar sliogáin sa mhoiréan chun uas-fhairsinge na hoighearchlúide a thuiscint.  Faightear ann [[láibchloch]], [[gaineamh]], [[gairbhéal]] agus [[eibhear]] as [[an Tréimhse Cheathartha]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

''According to an alternative explanation, St Patrick's Bridge could be the surviving remains of a [[tombolo]], connecting the main land to the Sailtí.  The breach of the barrier could have been due to an storm or sea-level changes.&lt;ref name=Orford1982 /&gt;

'' In August 1969, the [[British Phycological Society]] collected [[alga]] on the moraine during a visit to County Wexford. The species ''[[Halidrys siliquosa]]'', ''[[Furcellaria fastigiata]]'', ''[[Chorda filum]]'', and ''[[Zostera marina]]'' were found in the area.&lt;ref name=Norton1970 /&gt;

== Carraig Phádraig 
'' '''St Patrick's Rock''' is a large [[carraig chorr oighreach]] in the Celtic Sea.  It is composed of [[Ceann an Chairn, Loch Garman|Ceann an Chairn]] granite, and lies around 250&amp;nbsp;m offshore to the east of St Patrick's Bridge.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;

== Seanscéal 
''There is a legend that the ridge was formed when Saint Patrick chased [[the Devil]] from [[Contae  Thiobraid Árann]] down to the coast of Loch Garman. The legend says that the Devil went into the water, with Patrick throwing stones as the Devil swam,&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt; with the arc-shape of the landform being the devil's swimming route.&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=Byrne2026 /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

''The legend also says that St Patrick's Rock is a piece of the [[Sliabh Fhothart]] that Naomh Pádraig threw into the An Mhuir Cheilteach, though the Forth Mountain is [[quartzite]] while St Patrick's Rock is granite. The [[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] considers the legend to be an example of [[geomythology]].&lt;ref name=sgé /&gt;&lt;ref name=hurley /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* Wikipedia, Cartlann ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive|Did you know...]]'', [[:en:Wikipedia:Did_you_know archive/2026/August#3_August_2026|3ú Lúnasa 2026]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416727 | teideal = Saint Patrick's Bridge| foilsitheoir = logainm.ie | dátarochtana = 03-08-2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sgé&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = Wexford – County geological site report | url = https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | foilsitheoir =[[Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 12 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-date=12 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412202729/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/WX040_St_Patricks_Bridge.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Orford1982&gt;{{cite journal | first=Julian D. | last=Orford | first2=Richard William Gale | last2=Carter | title=Geomorphological changes on the barrier coasts of South Wexford | journal=Irish Geography | year=1982 | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=70–84 | doi=10.1080/00750778209478887 | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Norton1970&gt;{{cite journal | last=Norton | first=Trevor A. | title=The Marine algae of County Wexford, Ireland | journal=[[British Phycological Journal]] | volume=5 | issue=2 | date=31 October 1970 | issn=0007-1617 | doi=10.1080/00071617000650321 | pages=257–266 | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | access-date=1 July 2026 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040704/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071617000650321 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Byrne2026&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Byrne | ainm = Cian | dáta = 7 Meitheamh 2026 | teideal = Ireland's islands uncovered: Why the Saltee Islands are one of Ireland's best wildlife experiences | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html | foilsitheoir = [[Irish Examiner]] | dátarochtana = 12 June 2026 | archive-date=29 Meitheamh 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629175025/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/travel/arid-41856696.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hurley&gt;{{lua idirlín | sloinne = Hurley | ainm = Jim | dáta = 25 Márta 2008 | teideal = Legends with regard to the origin of St Patrick's Bridge, St Patrick's Rock, &amp; the Saltee Islands | url = https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | format=pdf | work = southwexfordcoast.com | foilsitheoir=[[Teachers' Union of Ireland]] |dátarochtana = 1 Iúil 2026 | archive-date=13 Márta 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313083625/https://www.southwexfordcoast.com/swcprom/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/502-St-Patricks-Bridge.pdf | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Naomh Pádraig]]
[[Catagóir:Contae Loch Garman]]

== Buntásc==

__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__</text>
      <sha1>o8iy2s6ot70snheyquxwzmqg1kg2nx0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Llywelyn2000/List of birds with article on Vicipéid</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>94806</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1322577</id>
      <parentid>1321963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T18:41:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>440</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ag baint [[:Íomhá:Melanitta_fusca_var_deglandi_f_Toronto.jpg|Melanitta_fusca_var_deglandi_f_Toronto.jpg]] amach, agus ag chur [[:Íomhá:Melanitta_deglandi,_female,_Toronto.jpg|Melanitta_deglandi,_female,_Toronto.jpg]] isteach mar ionadúchán. (Scrios [[comm</comment>
      <origin>1322577</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="146720" sha1="dryveh8glsruaezmyyzkaemz5l9akkw" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT DISTINCT	?item ?name 
WHERE 
{
 	?item wdt:P31 wd:Q16521 .   # this calls up the taxon
  	?item wdt:P171* wd:Q5113 .  # Q5113 is bird
  	?item wdt:P105 wd:Q7432 .   # species only
	FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P141 wd:Q237350 }  # not extinct
        ?articleURL schema:about ?item ; schema:name ?name ; schema:isPartOf &lt;https://ga.wikipedia.org/&gt; .  #must have sitelink to gawiki
}
ORDER BY ?name
OFFSET 0
LIMIT 2000
|links=local
|section=
|sort=label
|columns=number:#,qid,label,P18,p225:enw tacson,P373,P2067,P2050,P7770
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! #
! qid
! label
! íomhá
! enw tacson
! catagóir Commons
! mais
! réise sciathán
! tréimhse ghoir
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| Q26147
| [[abhóiséad]]
| [[Íomhá:Avocette élégante Thyna019.jpg|center|128px]]
| Recurvirostra avosetta
| [[:commons:Category:Recurvirostra avosetta|Recurvirostra avosetta]]
| 31.7 gram
| 78 ceintiméadar
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| Q202504
| [[amadán móinteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Charadrius morinellus male.jpg|center|128px]]
| Charadrius morinellus
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius morinellus|Charadrius morinellus]]
| 17 gram
| 60 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| Q1268205
| [[Súmaire gabhair ghlórach|Antrostomus vociferus]]
| [[Íomhá:Caprimulgus vociferus Sam Smith Park toronto.jpg|center|128px]]
| Antrostomus vociferus
| [[:commons:Category:Antrostomus vociferus|Antrostomus vociferus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| Q106447604
| [[Éigrit eallaigh|Ardea ibis]]
| [[Íomhá:Héron garde boeufs à Oued Mejerda.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ardea ibis
| [[:commons:Category:Ardea ibis|Ardea ibis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| Q652266
| [[Argas mór|Argusianus argus]]
| [[Íomhá:Argusianus argus -Lok Kawi Wildlife Park, Malaysia -male-8a.jpg|center|128px]]
| Argusianus argus
| [[:commons:Category:Argusianus argus|Argusianus argus]]
| 
| 
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| Q692192
| [[Póiseard ceannrua Meiriceánach|Aythya americana]]
| [[Íomhá:Aythya americana f Ontario.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aythya americana
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya americana|Aythya americana]]
| 1.1 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;990 gram
| 79.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| Q26742
| [[Aythya ferina]]
| [[Íomhá:Aythya ferina Gentofte 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aythya ferina
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya ferina|Aythya ferina]]
| 66 gram
| 0.77 méadar
| 25 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 8
| Q170718
| [[Beachadóir Eorpach|beachadóir]]
| [[Íomhá:Бджолоїдка звичайна або щурка європейська.jpg|center|128px]]
| Merops apiaster
| [[:commons:Category:Merops apiaster|Merops apiaster]]
| 6.5 gram
| 0.47 méadar
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 9
| Q1951359
| [[Beachadóir Peirseach|beachaire gormleicneach]]
| [[Íomhá:Guepier de Perse Jebil NP.jpg|center|128px]]
| Merops persicus
| [[:commons:Category:Merops persicus|Merops persicus]]
| 49.4 gram
| 
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 10
| Q25450
| [[biorearrach]]
| [[Íomhá:Male northern pintail at Llano Seco.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anas acuta
| [[:commons:Category:Anas acuta|Anas acuta]]
| 1.025 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;866 gram
| 0.9 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 11
| Q591831
| [[bobóilinc]]
| [[Íomhá:Bobolink (female) (5005682834).jpg|center|128px]]
| Dolichonyx oryzivorus
| [[:commons:Category:Dolichonyx oryzivorus|Dolichonyx oryzivorus]]
| 2.75 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 12
| Q25709
| [[Bonnán buí (éan)|bonnán]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian Bittern - Torrile - Italy 4528 (15409347121).jpg|center|128px]]
| Botaurus stellaris
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus stellaris|Botaurus stellaris]]
| 42 gram&lt;br/&gt;2.906 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.017 cileagram
| 1.27 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 13
| Q26129
| [[bonnán beag]]
| [[Íomhá:47-090506-little-bittern-at-upper-ford-near-Sigri-.jpg|center|128px]]
| Botaurus minutus
| [[:commons:Category:Ixobrychus minutus|Ixobrychus minutus]]
| 13 gram&lt;br/&gt;147 gram
| 49 ceintiméadar
| 18 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 14
| Q204111
| [[Bonnán cainéaldathach|bonnán cainéil]]
| [[Íomhá:Cinnamon bittern or chestnut bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus cinnamomeus|Botaurus cinnamomeus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 15
| Q743017
| [[Bonnán breicneach|bonnán Meiriceánach]]
| [[Íomhá:American bittern in flight (53726569227) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Botaurus lentiginosus
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus lentiginosus|Botaurus lentiginosus]]
| 36 gram
| 115 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 16
| Q469586
| [[Bonnán caol|bonnán seang]]
| [[Íomhá:Least bittern (71430).jpg|center|128px]]
| Ixobrychus exilis
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus exilis|Botaurus exilis]]
| 10 gram&lt;br/&gt;80 gram
| 43 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 17
| Q188877
| [[Breacán (éan)|breacán]]
| [[Íomhá:Fringilla montifringilla -Poland -male-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Fringilla montifringilla
| [[:commons:Category:Fringilla montifringilla|Fringilla montifringilla]]
| 2.14 gram&lt;br/&gt;22 gram
| 0.27 méadar
| 11 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 18
| Q26650
| [[breacóg]]
| [[Íomhá:Calidris alpina alpina, Riga, Latvia 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris alpina
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris alpina|Calidris alpina]]
| 
| 0.36 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 19
| Q25440
| [[broigheall]]
| [[Íomhá:2021-05-05 Phalacrocorax carbo carbo, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 1-2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phalacrocorax carbo
| [[:commons:Category:Phalacrocorax carbo|Phalacrocorax carbo]]
| 2.4 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2 cileagram
| 1.4 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 20
| Q244319
| [[Mionbhroigheall|broigheall bídeach]]
| [[Íomhá:Microcarbo pygmaeus - Pygmy cormorant.jpg|center|128px]]
| Microcarbo pygmaeus
| [[:commons:Category:Microcarbo pygmaeus|Microcarbo pygmaeus]]
| 
| 85 ceintiméadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 21
| Q18700
| [[bróg-ghob]]
| [[Íomhá:Entebbe Shoe Bill Stork.jpg|center|128px]]
| Balaeniceps rex
| [[:commons:Category:Balaeniceps rex|Balaeniceps rex]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 22
| Q121221
| [[budragár]]
| [[Íomhá:Budgerigar-male-strzelecki-qld.jpg|center|128px]]
| Melopsittacus undulatus
| [[:commons:Category:Melopsittacus undulatus|Melopsittacus undulatus]]
| 2.15 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 23
| Q168677
| [[bultúr luaithriúíl]]
| [[Íomhá:Aegypius monachus, Catalan Pyrenees, Spain S4E7659 (25191007486).jpg|center|128px]]
| Aegypius monachus
| [[:commons:Category:Aegypius monachus|Aegypius monachus]]
| 243 gram
| 2.5 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 24
| Q126167
| [[bultúr uan]]
| [[Íomhá:Bearded Vulture - Catalan Pyrenees - Spain (25098398432).jpg|center|128px]]
| Gypaetus barbatus
| [[:commons:Category:Gypaetus barbatus|Gypaetus barbatus]]
| 224 gram&lt;br/&gt;4.913 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;6.175 cileagram
| 2.621 méadar
| 54 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 25
| Q33504
| [[bultúr Éigipteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Egyptian Vulture, Socotra.jpg|center|128px]]
| Neophron percnopterus
| [[:commons:Category:Neophron percnopterus|Neophron percnopterus]]
| 94 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.977 cileagram
| 1.676 méadar
| 42 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 26
| Q188601
| [[bustard beag]]
| [[Íomhá:Tetrax tetrax, Castuera, Estremadura, Spain 3.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tetrax tetrax
| [[:commons:Category:Tetrax tetrax|Tetrax tetrax]]
| 41 gram
| 110 ceintiméadar
| 21 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 27
| Q290871
| [[bustard Houbara]]
| [[Íomhá:Houbara035.JPG|center|128px]]
| Chlamydotis undulata
| [[:commons:Category:Chlamydotis undulata|Chlamydotis undulata]]
| 68 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.96 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.15 cileagram
| 
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 28
| Q171655
| [[bustard mór]]
| [[Íomhá:Dévaványa, Hungary – Great bustard 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Otis tarda
| [[:commons:Category:Otis tarda|Otis tarda]]
| 143 gram
| 235 ceintiméadar&lt;br/&gt;180 ceintiméadar
| 25 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 29
| Q26205
| [[buíóg]]
| [[Íomhá:Emberiza citrinella -Midtjylland, Denmark -male-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Emberiza citrinella
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza citrinella|Emberiza citrinella]]
| 2.94 gram
| 26 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 30
| Q908909
| [[búbúc Norfolk]]
| [[Íomhá:Nz boobook.JPG|center|128px]]
| Ninox novaeseelandiae
| [[:commons:Category:Ninox novaeseelandiae|Ninox novaeseelandiae]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 31
| Q179959
| [[cacapó]]
| [[Íomhá:Buller Kakapo.jpg|center|128px]]
| Strigops habroptila
| [[:commons:Category:Strigops habroptila|Strigops habroptila]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 32
| Q27050
| [[cadhan]]
| [[Íomhá:Branta bernicla bernicla Norfolk 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Branta bernicla
| [[:commons:Category:Branta bernicla|Branta bernicla]]
| 
| 1.01 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 33
| Q188446
| [[caipín dubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Sylvia atricapilla -Lullington Heath, East Sussex, England -male-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Sylvia atricapilla
| [[:commons:Category:Sylvia atricapilla|Sylvia atricapilla]]
| 2.19 gram&lt;br/&gt;18.1 gram
| 23 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 34
| Q235057
| [[caislín aille]]
| [[Íomhá:Common rock thrush.jpg|center|128px]]
| Monticola saxatilis
| [[:commons:Category:Monticola saxatilis|Monticola saxatilis]]
| 4.95 gram&lt;br/&gt;47 gram&lt;br/&gt;52.4 gram
| 
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 35
| Q152144
| [[caislín aille gorm]]
| [[Íomhá:Monticola solitarius 29-August-2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| Monticola solitarius
| [[:commons:Category:Monticola solitarius|Monticola solitarius]]
| 5.95 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 36
| Q155869
| [[caislín aitinn]]
| [[Íomhá:Saxicola rubetra poklaskwa AM.jpg|center|128px]]
| Saxicola rubetra
| [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubetra|Saxicola rubetra]]
| 2.06 gram
| 22 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 37
| Q1315689
| [[caislín cloch]]
| [[Íomhá:African Stonechat (Saxicola torquatus) male (31251199192).jpg|center|128px]]
| Saxicola torquatus
| [[:commons:Category:Saxicola torquatus|Saxicola torquatus]]
| 
| 
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 38
| Q838665
| [[caislín cloch Eorpach]]
| [[Íomhá:Saxicola rubicola -Belgium -female-8 (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| Saxicola rubicola
| [[:commons:Category:Saxicola rubicola|Saxicola rubicola]]
| 
| 
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 39
| Q1589281
| [[caislín Sibéarach]]
| [[Íomhá:Siberian Stonechat (Saxicola maura)- Male at Bharatpur I IMG 5768.jpg|center|128px]]
| Saxicola maurus
| [[:commons:Category:Saxicola maurus|Saxicola maurus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 40
| Q852622
| [[Cnagaire impiriúil|Campephilus imperialis]]
| [[Íomhá:Kaiserspecht fg02.jpg|center|128px]]
| Campephilus imperialis
| [[:commons:Category:Campephilus imperialis|Campephilus imperialis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 41
| Q284331
| [[Cnagaire Magellanach|Campephilus magellanicus]]
| [[Íomhá:Magellan Specht.JPG|center|128px]]
| Campephilus magellanicus
| [[:commons:Category:Campephilus magellanicus|Campephilus magellanicus]]
| 260 gram
| 0.6 méadar
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 42
| Q208334
| [[Donnóg Alpach|cantaire Alpshléibhe]]
| [[Íomhá:Alpine accentor saganta.jpg|center|128px]]
| Prunella collaris
| [[:commons:Category:Prunella collaris|Prunella collaris]]
| 
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 43
| Q1049121
| [[Donnóg Radde|cantaire carraige]]
| [[Íomhá:Prunella ocularis 1a.jpg|center|128px]]
| Prunella ocularis
| [[:commons:Category:Prunella ocularis|Prunella ocularis]]
| 
| 
| 11 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 44
| Q129059
| [[capall coille]]
| [[Íomhá:Auerhuhn Schweden P1130026.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tetrao urogallus
| [[:commons:Category:Tetrao urogallus|Tetrao urogallus]]
| 3.8 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.97 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;53 gram
| 106 ceintiméadar
| 25 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 45
| Q26198
| [[caróg dhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Carrion crow 2022 04 05 05 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| Corvus corone
| [[:commons:Category:Corvus corone|Corvus corone]]
| 
| 0.91 méadar
| 19 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 46
| Q831597
| [[catéan liath]]
| [[Íomhá:Graycatbird-WashParkCedarFallsIowa-20220506.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dumetella carolinensis
| [[:commons:Category:Dumetella carolinensis|Dumetella carolinensis]]
| 3.8 gram&lt;br/&gt;35.7 gram&lt;br/&gt;39.6 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 47
| Q25384
| [[ceann cait]]
| [[Íomhá:Asio otus Downsview Park Toronto2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Asio otus
| [[:commons:Category:Asio otus|Asio otus]]
| 
| 95 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 48
| Q25376
| [[Cearc cheannann Eoráiseach|cearc cheannann]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian Coot.jpg|center|128px]]
| Fulica atra
| [[:commons:Category:Fulica atra|Fulica atra]]
| 36.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;835 gram&lt;br/&gt;715 gram
| 75 ceintiméadar
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 49
| Q470016
| [[cearc cheannann Mheiriceánach]]
| [[Íomhá:American coot in Prospect Park (06152).jpg|center|128px]]
| Fulica americana
| [[:commons:Category:Fulica americana|Fulica americana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 50
| Q901228
| [[cearc mhailí]]
| [[Íomhá:Leipoa ocellata.jpg|center|128px]]
| Leipoa ocellata
| [[:commons:Category:Leipoa ocellata|Leipoa ocellata]]
| 2.4 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;175 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.8 cileagram
| 
| 63 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 51
| Q178702
| [[cearc shailí]]
| [[Íomhá:Lagopus lagopus - adult (Denali, 2010).jpg|center|128px]]
| Lagopus lagopus
| [[:commons:Category:Lagopus lagopus|Lagopus lagopus]]
| 720 gram&lt;br/&gt;580 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 52
| Q18847
| [[cearc uisce]]
| [[Íomhá:Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhoa), Mauritius.jpg|center|128px]]
| Gallinula chloropus
| [[:commons:Category:Gallinula chloropus|Gallinula chloropus]]
| 348 gram
| 52 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 53
| Q104867606
| [[Ceolaire barrach]]
| [[Íomhá:Curruca nisoria 378155893 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Curruca nisoria
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca nisoria|Curruca nisoria]]
| 2.63 gram
| 25 ceintiméadar
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 54
| Q312779
| [[ceolaire Blyth]]
| [[Íomhá:Blyth's Reed Warbler in Baruipur December 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| Acrocephalus dumetorum
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus dumetorum|Acrocephalus dumetorum]]
| 1.68 gram
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 55
| Q14753772
| [[ceolaire bánlíoch]]
| [[Íomhá:Ak mukallit - Iduna pallida - Eastern Olivaceous Warbler, Adana, Turkey 04.jpg|center|128px]]
| Iduna pallida
| [[:commons:Category:Iduna pallida|Iduna pallida]]
| 
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 56
| Q208710
| [[ceolaire casarnaí]]
| [[Íomhá:Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg|center|128px]]
| Locustella naevia
| [[:commons:Category:Locustella naevia|Locustella naevia]]
| 
| 17 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 57
| Q650114
| [[ceolaire Cetti]]
| [[Íomhá:Cettia cetti orientalis, Bismil, Turkey.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cettia cetti
| [[:commons:Category:Cettia cetti|Cettia cetti]]
| 
| 17 ceintiméadar
| 16 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 58
| Q27075477
| [[ceolaire coille]]
| [[Íomhá:Flickr - Rainbirder - Wood Warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix).jpg|center|128px]]
| Phylloscopus sibilatrix
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sibilatrix|Phylloscopus sibilatrix]]
| 1.32 gram&lt;br/&gt;10 gram
| 22 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 59
| Q210422
| [[ceolaire corraigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Acrocephalus palustris (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]]
| Acrocephalus palustris
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus palustris|Acrocephalus palustris]]
| 1.85 gram
| 20 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 60
| Q757116
| [[ceolaire cuaráin]]
| [[Íomhá:Booted warbler 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Iduna caligata
| [[:commons:Category:Iduna caligata|Iduna caligata]]
| 
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 61
| Q27236
| [[ceolaire cíbe]]
| [[Íomhá:Acrocephalus schoenobaenus -Sweden-8 (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus schoenobaenus|Acrocephalus schoenobaenus]]
| 1.65 gram
| 19 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 62
| Q1590574
| [[Ceolaire Upcher|ceolaire fann]]
| [[Íomhá:Upcher's Warbler (Hippolais languida) (8079442053).jpg|center|128px]]
| Hippolais languida
| [[:commons:Category:Hippolais languida|Hippolais languida]]
| 1.79 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 63
| Q210791
| [[ceolaire feanearrach]]
| [[Íomhá:Cisticola juncidis, El Qanater el Khayreyya, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cisticola juncidis
| [[:commons:Category:Cisticola juncidis|Cisticola juncidis]]
| 
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 64
| Q110257524
| [[Ceolaire fraoigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Fauvette pitchou Ichkeul NP.jpg|center|128px]]
| Curruca undata
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca undata|Curruca undata]]
| 
| 16 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 65
| Q110257494
| [[Ceolaire mion|Ceolaire fásaigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Curruca nana - Kudaibergen Amirekul - 562372019.jpeg|center|128px]]
| Curruca nana
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca nana|Curruca nana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 66
| Q202478
| [[ceolaire garraí]]
| [[Íomhá:Sylvia borin (Örebro County).jpg|center|128px]]
| Sylvia borin
| [[:commons:Category:Sylvia borin|Sylvia borin]]
| 
| 22 ceintiméadar
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 67
| Q159080
| [[ceolaire giolcaí]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian Reed Warbler.jpg|center|128px]]
| Acrocephalus scirpaceus
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus scirpaceus|Acrocephalus scirpaceus]]
| 12 gram
| 19 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 68
| Q827657
| [[ceolaire goirt ríse]]
| [[Íomhá:Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN8336 (11).jpg|center|128px]]
| Acrocephalus agricola
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus agricola|Acrocephalus agricola]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 69
| Q27674
| [[ceolaire ictireach]]
| [[Íomhá:Hippolais icterina, Riga, Latvia 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Hippolais icterina
| [[:commons:Category:Hippolais icterina|Hippolais icterina]]
| 1.7 gram
| 22 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 70
| Q110257499
| [[Ceolaire tiubhghobach|Ceolaire Oirféach]]
| [[Íomhá:Curruca crassirostris 91619419 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Curruca crassirostris
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca crassirostris|Curruca crassirostris]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 71
| Q27239
| [[ceolaire sailí]]
| [[Íomhá:Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phylloscopus trochilus
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochilus|Phylloscopus trochilus]]
| 
| 19 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 72
| Q321272
| [[ceolaire Savi]]
| [[Íomhá:Rohrschwirl Chiemgau.jpg|center|128px]]
| Locustella luscinioides
| [[:commons:Category:Locustella luscinioides|Locustella luscinioides]]
| 2.08 gram
| 20 ceintiméadar
| 10 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 73
| Q460229
| [[ceolaire scothghlas]]
| [[Íomhá:Greenish Warbler Sikkim India 11.05.2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phylloscopus trochiloides
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus trochiloides|Phylloscopus trochiloides]]
| 
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 74
| Q110257505
| [[Ceolaire Ménétries|ceolaire screige]]
| [[Íomhá:Sylvia mystacea (2) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Curruca mystacea
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca mystacea|Curruca mystacea]]
| 1.5 gram
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 75
| Q26982
| [[circín starraiceach]]
| [[Íomhá:Galerida cristata - Crested lark 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Galerida cristata
| [[:commons:Category:Galerida cristata|Galerida cristata]]
| 
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 76
| Q148583
| [[cirlghealóg]]
| [[Íomhá:Cirl Bunting Chiker Morocco Nov25 A7CR 09378.jpg|center|128px]]
| Emberiza cirlus
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cirlus|Emberiza cirlus]]
| 
| 24 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 77
| Q25385
| [[clamhán]]
| [[Íomhá:Common Buzzard by caroline legg (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Buteo buteo
| [[:commons:Category:Buteo buteo|Buteo buteo]]
| 0.925 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;60 gram&lt;br/&gt;790 gram&lt;br/&gt;966.5 gram
| 1.24 méadar
| 34 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 78
| Q233684
| [[clamhán cosfhada]]
| [[Íomhá:Long-legged Buzzard (24521858347).jpg|center|128px]]
| Buteo rufinus
| [[:commons:Category:Buteo rufinus|Buteo rufinus]]
| 73 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 79
| Q26407
| [[clamhán lópach]]
| [[Íomhá:Buteo lagopus 29283.JPG|center|128px]]
| Buteo lagopus
| [[:commons:Category:Buteo lagopus|Buteo lagopus]]
| 824.6 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.027 cileagram
| 1.35 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 80
| Q170466
| [[clamhán riabhach]]
| [[Íomhá:Herilaseviu..jpg|center|128px]]
| Pernis apivorus
| [[:commons:Category:Pernis apivorus|Pernis apivorus]]
| 49 gram
| 1.26 méadar
| 32 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 81
| Q21090684
| [[Iolar breac mór|Clanga clanga]]
| [[Íomhá:Great spotted Eagle I2 IMG 8358.jpg|center|128px]]
| Clanga clanga
| [[:commons:Category:Clanga clanga|Clanga clanga]]
| 110 gram
| 167.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 82
| Q26420
| [[Clochrán coiteann|clochrán]]
| [[Íomhá:Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe.jpg|center|128px]]
| Oenanthe oenanthe
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe oenanthe|Oenanthe oenanthe]]
| 
| 0.28 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 83
| Q769528
| [[Clochrán earr-rua|clochrán Afganastánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Oenanthe chrysopygia.JPG|center|128px]]
| Oenanthe chrysopygia
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe chrysopygia|Oenanthe chrysopygia]]
| 
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 84
| Q763538
| [[clochrán alabhreac]]
| [[Íomhá:Oenanthe pleschanka.jpg|center|128px]]
| Oenanthe pleschanka
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe pleschanka|Oenanthe pleschanka]]
| 2.43 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 85
| Q385723
| [[Oenanthe hispanica|clochrán cluasdubh]]
| [[Íomhá:CollalbaRubia.jpg|center|128px]]
| Oenanthe hispanica
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe hispanica|Oenanthe hispanica]]
| 
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 86
| Q769093
| [[Clochrán Finsch|clochrán droimbhán]]
| [[Íomhá:Oenanthe finschii.jpg|center|128px]]
| Oenanthe finschii
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe finschii|Oenanthe finschii]]
| 26 gram&lt;br/&gt;29 gram
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 87
| Q1303323
| [[Clochrán Coirdíneach|clochrán earrdhearg]]
| [[Íomhá:Oenanthe xanthoprymna - Kurdish Wheatear, Osmaniye, Turkey 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Oenanthe xanthoprymna
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe xanthoprymna|Oenanthe xanthoprymna]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 88
| Q769934
| [[clochrán fásaigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN9430 (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| Oenanthe deserti
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe deserti|Oenanthe deserti]]
| 
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 89
| Q747686
| [[clochrán gainimh]]
| [[Íomhá:Isabelline wheatear (Oenanthe isabellina) male, non-breeding.jpg|center|128px]]
| Oenanthe isabellina
| [[:commons:Category:Oenanthe isabellina|Oenanthe isabellina]]
| 3.04 gram&lt;br/&gt;29 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 90
| Q207290
| [[Cnagaire droimgheal|cnagaire droimbhán]]
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos leucotos 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dendrocopos leucotos
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos leucotos|Dendrocopos leucotos]]
| 
| 
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 91
| Q143284
| [[cnagaire dubh]]
| [[Íomhá:2016.08.27.-14-Viernheimer Heide-Viernheim--Schwarzspecht-Weibchen.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dryocopus martius
| [[:commons:Category:Dryocopus martius|Dryocopus martius]]
| 11.8 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 92
| Q166171
| [[cnagaire glas]]
| [[Íomhá:Green woodpecker Franconville 2022 01 21 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Picus viridis
| [[:commons:Category:Picus viridis|Picus viridis]]
| 8.9 gram&lt;br/&gt;193 gram
| 41 ceintiméadar
| 19 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 93
| Q752481
| [[Cnagaire Siriach|cnagaire Síriach]]
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos syriacus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dendrocopos syriacus
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos syriacus|Dendrocopos syriacus]]
| 5.1 gram
| 
| 10 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 94
| Q27124
| [[cnota]]
| [[Íomhá:Calidris canutus (summer).jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris canutus
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris canutus|Calidris canutus]]
| 19.3 gram&lt;br/&gt;126 gram&lt;br/&gt;148 gram
| 0.5 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 95
| Q749701
| [[Cnóshnag Neumayer|cnóshnag creige]]
| [[Íomhá:Sitta neumayer 0.jpg|center|128px]]
| Sitta neumayer
| [[:commons:Category:Sitta neumayer|Sitta neumayer]]
| 2.43 gram
| 
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 96
| Q156767
| [[cnóshnag Eorpach]]
| [[Íomhá:Kleiber (Sitta europaea caesia) Val Roseg.jpg|center|128px]]
| Sitta europaea
| [[:commons:Category:Sitta europaea|Sitta europaea]]
| 2.25 gram&lt;br/&gt;23 gram
| 24 ceintiméadar
| 16 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 97
| Q514809
| [[cocaitíl]]
| [[Íomhá:Cockateil.jpg|center|128px]]
| Nymphicus hollandicus
| [[:commons:Category:Nymphicus hollandicus|Nymphicus hollandicus]]
| 5.68 gram&lt;br/&gt;86 gram
| 
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 98
| Q210341
| [[Cochlearius cochlearius]]
| [[Íomhá:Boat-billed Heron, Transpantaneira, Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil 4.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cochlearius cochlearius
| [[:commons:Category:Cochlearius cochlearius|Cochlearius cochlearius]]
| 
| 
| 25 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 99
| Q1274601
| [[coileach sneachta Caispeach]]
| [[Íomhá:BirdsAsiaJohnGoVIIGoul 0124.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tetraogallus caspius
| [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caspius|Tetraogallus caspius]]
| 2.59 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.07 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;75 gram
| 100 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 100
| Q1137277
| [[coileach sneachta Cugasach]]
| [[Íomhá:Tetraogallus caucasicus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tetraogallus caucasicus
| [[:commons:Category:Tetraogallus caucasicus|Tetraogallus caucasicus]]
| 
| 87.5 ceintiméadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 101
| Q25332
| [[coirneach]]
| [[Íomhá:Balbuzard pecheur Lac de Tunis.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pandion haliaetus
| [[:commons:Category:Pandion haliaetus|Pandion haliaetus]]
| 1.4 cileagram
| 1.6 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 102
| Q42326
| [[colm aille]]
| [[Íomhá:Columba livia (Rock Dove, wild), Duncansby Head, Caithness, Scotland 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Columba livia
| [[:commons:Category:Columba livia|Columba livia]]
| 294 gram&lt;br/&gt;267 gram
| 690 millimetre
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 103
| Q26026
| [[Colúr coille|colm coille]]
| [[Íomhá:Columba palumbus -garden post-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Columba palumbus
| [[:commons:Category:Columba palumbus|Columba palumbus]]
| 18.9 gram
| 0.75 méadar
| 17 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 104
| Q26140
| [[colm gorm]]
| [[Íomhá:2019-03-17 Columba oenas, Jesmond Dene 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Columba oenas
| [[:commons:Category:Columba oenas|Columba oenas]]
| 16.7 gram
| 0.75 méadar
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 105
| Q170598
| [[condar na nAindéas]]
| [[Íomhá:204 - Canyon de Colca - Condor des Andes - Juin 2010.JPG|center|128px]]
| Vultur gryphus
| [[:commons:Category:Vultur gryphus|Vultur gryphus]]
| 
| 3.048 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 106
| Q25382
| [[corcrán coille]]
| [[Íomhá:Bullfinch male.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pyrrhula pyrrhula
| [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula pyrrhula|Pyrrhula pyrrhula]]
| 2.41 gram&lt;br/&gt;31 gram
| 0.26 méadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 107
| Q1084895
| [[corcrán coille ceannliath]]
| [[Íomhá:Grey-headed Bullfinch.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pyrrhula erythaca
| [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhula erythaca|Pyrrhula erythaca]]
| 21.7 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 108
| Q160488
| [[corr chorcra]]
| [[Íomhá:2010-kabini-purple-heron.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ardea purpurea
| [[:commons:Category:Ardea purpurea|Ardea purpurea]]
| 51 gram
| 1.35 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 109
| Q171360
| [[corr leitheadach Eoráiseach]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian Spoonbill.jpg|center|128px]]
| Platalea leucorodia
| [[:commons:Category:Platalea leucorodia|Platalea leucorodia]]
| 76 gram
| 1.3 méadar
| 23 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 110
| Q126216
| [[corr oíche]]
| [[Íomhá:Black-crowned night heron in PP (36399).jpg|center|128px]]
| Nycticorax nycticorax
| [[:commons:Category:Nycticorax nycticorax|Nycticorax nycticorax]]
| 682 gram&lt;br/&gt;590 gram
| 1.06 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 111
| Q722981
| [[corr ríoga]]
| [[Íomhá:Royal Spoonbill mouth open.jpg|center|128px]]
| Platalea regia
| [[:commons:Category:Platalea regia|Platalea regia]]
| 69 gram
| 120 ceintiméadar
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 112
| Q191394
| [[corr scréachach]]
| [[Íomhá:Crabier chevelu.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ardeola ralloides
| [[:commons:Category:Ardeola ralloides|Ardeola ralloides]]
| 16 gram&lt;br/&gt;288 gram
| 0.86 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 113
| Q144218
| [[coscaróba]]
| [[Íomhá:Coscoroba coscoroba -Pineyro, Buenos Aires, Argentina-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Coscoroba coscoroba
| [[:commons:Category:Coscoroba coscoroba|Coscoroba coscoroba]]
| 4.6 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;3.8 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;185 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 114
| Q18859
| [[cosdeargán]]
| [[Íomhá:Common Redshank Tringa totanus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tringa totanus
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa totanus|Tringa totanus]]
| 22.3 gram&lt;br/&gt;129 gram
| 62 ceintiméadar
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 115
| Q28103
| [[cosdeargán breac]]
| [[Íomhá:Dunkler Wasserläufer.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tringa erythropus
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa erythropus|Tringa erythropus]]
| 24.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;142 gram&lt;br/&gt;161 gram
| 64 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 116
| Q230837
| [[cromán bánlíoch]]
| [[Íomhá:Pallid Harrier Adult Male (46333226825).jpg|center|128px]]
| Circus macrourus
| [[:commons:Category:Circus macrourus|Circus macrourus]]
| 28 gram&lt;br/&gt;322 gram&lt;br/&gt;445 gram
| 1.09 méadar
| 29 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 117
| Q26574
| [[cromán liath]]
| [[Íomhá:Circus pygargus (33541975444).jpg|center|128px]]
| Circus pygargus
| [[:commons:Category:Circus pygargus|Circus pygargus]]
| 24 gram&lt;br/&gt;261 gram&lt;br/&gt;370 gram
| 1.09 méadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 118
| Q26431
| [[cromán móna iartharach]]
| [[Íomhá:Busard des roseaux Circus aeruginosus DSC 3073-p (48841507981).jpg|center|128px]]
| Circus aeruginosus
| [[:commons:Category:Circus aeruginosus|Circus aeruginosus]]
| 40 gram
| 1.16 méadar
| 34 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 119
| Q25572
| [[cromán na gcearc]]
| [[Íomhá:Circus cyaneus 265961899.jpg|center|128px]]
| Circus cyaneus
| [[:commons:Category:Circus cyaneus|Circus cyaneus]]
| 346 gram&lt;br/&gt;527 gram
| 1.1 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 120
| Q27102
| [[crosán]]
| [[Íomhá:Razorbill with a nice catch.jpg|center|128px]]
| Alca torda
| [[:commons:Category:Alca torda|Alca torda]]
| 
| 0.661 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 121
| Q18854
| [[crotach]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian Curlew.jpg|center|128px]]
| Numenius arquata
| [[:commons:Category:Numenius arquata|Numenius arquata]]
| 76 gram&lt;br/&gt;742 gram&lt;br/&gt;869 gram
| 0.97 méadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 122
| Q61857
| [[crotach Artach]]
| [[Íomhá:Eskimo Curlew.jpg|center|128px]]
| Numenius borealis
| [[:commons:Category:Numenius borealis|Numenius borealis]]
| 
| 70 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 123
| Q18858
| [[crotach eanaigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Numenius phaeopus
| [[:commons:Category:Numenius phaeopus|Numenius phaeopus]]
| 
| 1.07 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 124
| Q79915
| [[Murlach mara|cruidín]]
| [[Íomhá:Alcedo Atthis.jpg|center|128px]]
| Alcedo atthis
| [[:commons:Category:Alcedo atthis|Alcedo atthis]]
| 4.3 gram
| 25 ceintiméadar
| 19.5 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 125
| Q735158
| [[cruidín píbgheal]]
| [[Íomhá:Halcyon smyrnensis - White-throated kingfisher 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| Halcyon smyrnensis
| [[:commons:Category:Halcyon smyrnensis|Halcyon smyrnensis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 126
| Q18845
| [[Cuach choiteann|cuach]]
| [[Íomhá:Cuculus canorus vogelartinfo chris romeiks CHR0791 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cuculus canorus
| [[:commons:Category:Cuculus canorus|Cuculus canorus]]
| 3.22 gram&lt;br/&gt;117 gram&lt;br/&gt;106 gram
| 58 ceintiméadar
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 127
| Q852265
| [[cuach ghob-bhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Yellow-billed cuckoo (42690).jpg|center|128px]]
| Coccyzus americanus
| [[:commons:Category:Coccyzus americanus|Coccyzus americanus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 128
| Q27442
| [[cuilire alabhreac]]
| [[Íomhá:Ficedula hypoleuca -Wood of Cree Nature Reserve, Scotland -male-8a.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ficedula hypoleuca
| [[:commons:Category:Ficedula hypoleuca|Ficedula hypoleuca]]
| 1.7 gram&lt;br/&gt;12 gram
| 22 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 129
| Q241499
| [[cuilire broinnrua]]
| [[Íomhá:Ficedula parva мухоловка мала.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ficedula parva
| [[:commons:Category:Ficedula parva|Ficedula parva]]
| 1.45 gram
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 130
| Q1591580
| [[cuilire leathmhuinceach]]
| [[Íomhá:SemicollaredFlycatcher.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ficedula semitorquata
| [[:commons:Category:Ficedula semitorquata|Ficedula semitorquata]]
| 
| 
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 131
| Q26607
| [[cuilire liath]]
| [[Íomhá:SpottedFlycatcheronfence.jpg|center|128px]]
| Muscicapa striata
| [[:commons:Category:Muscicapa striata|Muscicapa striata]]
| 1.92 gram
| 24 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 132
| Q690826
| [[Cuilire bán|cuilire muinceach]]
| [[Íomhá:Collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis).jpg|center|128px]]
| Ficedula albicollis
| [[:commons:Category:Ficedula albicollis|Ficedula albicollis]]
| 1.6 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 133
| Q838749
| [[Scréachóg Steller|Cyanocitta stelleri]]
| [[Íomhá:Steller's Jay DSC1327.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cyanocitta stelleri
| [[:commons:Category:Cyanocitta stelleri|Cyanocitta stelleri]]
| 8.1 gram&lt;br/&gt;94 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 134
| Q25345384
| [[cág]]
| [[Íomhá:Coloeus monedula -Munkedal, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Coloeus monedula
| [[:commons:Category:Coloeus monedula|Coloeus monedula]]
| 
| 0.65 méadar
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 135
| Q191386
| [[cág gob-bhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Alpine Chough by Jim Higham.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pyrrhocorax graculus
| [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax graculus|Pyrrhocorax graculus]]
| 
| 
| 19 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 136
| Q208405
| [[cánóg dhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Manx Shearwater.JPG|center|128px]]
| Puffinus puffinus
| [[:commons:Category:Puffinus puffinus|Puffinus puffinus]]
| 521 gram
| 82 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 137
| Q25234
| [[Lon dubh|céirseach]]
| [[Íomhá:20190722 Turdus Merula 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| Turdus merula
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus merula|Turdus merula]]
| 
| 36 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 138
| Q244197
| [[Cíobhaí Beag Breac|cíobhaí beag breac]]
| [[Íomhá:Apteryx owenii 0.jpg|center|128px]]
| Apteryx owenii
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx owenii|Apteryx owenii]]
| 285 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 139
| Q734829
| [[Cíobhaí Donn an Oileáin Thuaidh|cíobhaí donn an Oileáin Thuaidh]]
| [[Íomhá:Apteryx mantelli -Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand-8a.jpg|center|128px]]
| Apteryx mantelli
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx mantelli|Apteryx mantelli]]
| 2.25 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.955 cileagram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 140
| Q730091
| [[Cíobhaí Mór Breac|cíobhaí mór breac]]
| [[Íomhá:Apteryx haastii.jpg|center|128px]]
| Apteryx haastii
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx haastii|Apteryx haastii]]
| 425 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 141
| Q26657
| [[Cíorbhuí coiteann|cíorbhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Goldcrest (Regulus regulus) (15954267973).jpg|center|128px]]
| Regulus regulus
| [[:commons:Category:Regulus regulus|Regulus regulus]]
| 0.77 gram
| 14 ceintiméadar
| 17 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 142
| Q869023
| [[cíorlacha Phatagónach]]
| [[Íomhá:Lophonetta specularioides -Puerto Natales, Patagonia, Chile-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lophonetta specularioides
| [[:commons:Category:Lophonetta specularioides|Lophonetta specularioides]]
| 
| 
| 30 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 143
| Q716456
| [[Cúcabarra breac]]
| [[Íomhá:Spangled Kookaburra.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dacelo tyro
| [[:commons:Category:Dacelo tyro|Dacelo tyro]]
| 136 gram&lt;br/&gt;156 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 144
| Q854856
| [[Cúcabarra gormeiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Blue-winged kookaburra arp.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dacelo leachii
| [[:commons:Category:Dacelo leachii|Dacelo leachii]]
| 334 gram&lt;br/&gt;284 gram
| 
| 25 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 145
| Q824974
| [[Cúcabarra gáiriteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Dacelo novaeguineae waterworks.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dacelo novaeguineae
| [[:commons:Category:Dacelo novaeguineae|Dacelo novaeguineae]]
| 30.4 gram&lt;br/&gt;307.2 gram&lt;br/&gt;352.1 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 146
| Q919707
| [[Cúcabarra sluasaidghobach]]
| [[Íomhá:Shovel-billed Kingfisher.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dacelo rex
| [[:commons:Category:Clytoceyx rex|Clytoceyx rex]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 147
| Q942119
| [[Cúcabarra tarr-ruadhonn]]
| [[Íomhá:Dacelo gaudichaud.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dacelo gaudichaud
| [[:commons:Category:Dacelo gaudichaud|Dacelo gaudichaud]]
| 143 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 148
| Q80362
| [[cúr dubh]]
| [[Íomhá:2007-black-kite.jpg|center|128px]]
| Milvus migrans
| [[:commons:Category:Milvus migrans|Milvus migrans]]
| 56 gram&lt;br/&gt;828 gram
| 1.52 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 149
| Q156250
| [[cúr rua]]
| [[Íomhá:Milvus milvus Jura.jpg|center|128px]]
| Milvus milvus
| [[:commons:Category:Milvus milvus|Milvus milvus]]
| 63 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.012 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.232 cileagram
| 1.66 méadar
| 31 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 150
| Q184825
| [[deargán sneachta]]
| [[Íomhá:Redwing Turdus iliacus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Turdus iliacus
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus iliacus|Turdus iliacus]]
| 4.9 gram&lt;br/&gt;62 gram
| 0.36 méadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 151
| Q11380593
| [[deargéadan beag]]
| [[Íomhá:Acanthis cabaret 1 East Chevington.jpg|center|128px]]
| Acanthis cabaret
| [[:commons:Category:Acanthis cabaret|Acanthis cabaret]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 152
| Q20754771
| [[deargéadan coiteann]]
| [[Íomhá:Acanthis flammea, Kotka, Finland 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Acanthis flammea
| [[:commons:Category:Acanthis flammea|Acanthis flammea]]
| 
| 23 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 153
| Q275591
| [[Meánchnagaire breac|Dendrocoptes medius]]
| [[Íomhá:Middle-spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius), Parc du Rouge-Cloître, Brussels (49179578882) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Dendrocoptes medius
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocoptes medius|Dendrocoptes medius]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 154
| Q856531
| [[Dicrurus paradiseus]]
| [[Íomhá:Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1766) (16169002507).jpg|center|128px]]
| Dicrurus paradiseus
| [[:commons:Category:Dicrurus paradiseus|Dicrurus paradiseus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 155
| Q26698
| [[donnóg]]
| [[Íomhá:Dunnock crop2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Prunella modularis
| [[:commons:Category:Prunella modularis|Prunella modularis]]
| 
| 0.21 méadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 156
| Q167230
| [[Snámhaí balla|dreapaire balla]]
| [[Íomhá:Tichodrome échelette Tichodroma muraria aDSC 1009 (50997238804).jpg|center|128px]]
| Tichodroma muraria
| [[:commons:Category:Tichodroma muraria|Tichodroma muraria]]
| 
| 
| 19 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 157
| Q25740
| [[dreoilín]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes).jpg|center|128px]]
| Troglodytes troglodytes
| [[:commons:Category:Troglodytes troglodytes|Troglodytes troglodytes]]
| 
| 15 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 158
| Q27160
| [[droimneach beag]]
| [[Íomhá:Larus fuscus Finnboda 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus fuscus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus fuscus|Larus fuscus]]
| 880 gram&lt;br/&gt;755 gram
| 1.34 méadar
| 25 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 159
| Q26629
| [[droimneach mór]]
| [[Íomhá:Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus marinus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus marinus|Larus marinus]]
| 
| 1.67 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 160
| Q25469
| [[Druid choiteann|druid]]
| [[Íomhá:Common Starling, Blyth (12598795653).jpg|center|128px]]
| Sturnus vulgaris
| [[:commons:Category:Sturnus vulgaris|Sturnus vulgaris]]
| 
| 0.38 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 161
| Q890912
| [[Druid droimchorcra|druid dauria]]
| [[Íomhá:Daurian starling from Uppungal Kole Wetlands 2018 by Nesru Tirur.jpg|center|128px]]
| Agropsar sturninus
| [[:commons:Category:Agropsar sturninus|Agropsar sturninus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 162
| Q20823352
| [[druid rósach]]
| [[Íomhá:Pastor roseus - Rosenstar (Jungvogel).jpg|center|128px]]
| Pastor roseus
| [[:commons:Category:Pastor roseus|Pastor roseus]]
| 6.6 gram&lt;br/&gt;79.6 gram&lt;br/&gt;66.9 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 163
| Q25402
| [[eala bhalbh]]
| [[Íomhá:Mute Swan Emsworth2.JPG|center|128px]]
| Cygnus olor
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus olor|Cygnus olor]]
| 11.8 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;9.67 cileagram
| 230 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 164
| Q131044
| [[eala dhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:00 2102 Trauerschwäne (Breisach am Rhein).jpg|center|128px]]
| Cygnus atratus
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus atratus|Cygnus atratus]]
| 258 gram&lt;br/&gt;6.2 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;5.1 cileagram
| 180 ceintiméadar
| 38 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 165
| Q25612
| [[eala ghlórach]]
| [[Íomhá:Cygnus cygnus 070416 IOL.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cygnus cygnus
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus cygnus|Cygnus cygnus]]
| 331 gram&lt;br/&gt;14 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;8.75 cileagram
| 2.29 méadar
| 36 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 166
| Q244432
| [[eala phíbdhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Blackneck swan pair hornopiren chile feb 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cygnus melancoryphus
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus melancoryphus|Cygnus melancoryphus]]
| 
| 
| 35 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 167
| Q26603
| [[eala thundra]]
| [[Íomhá:Cygnus bewickii 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cygnus columbianus
| [[:commons:Category:Cygnus columbianus|Cygnus columbianus]]
| 7.258 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;6.305 cileagram
| 1.98 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 168
| Q26620
| [[earrdheargán]]
| [[Íomhá:Gartenrotschwanz 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phoenicurus phoenicurus
| [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus phoenicurus|Phoenicurus phoenicurus]]
| 
| 22 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 169
| Q796484
| [[Earrdheargán báneiteach|earrdheargán Cugasach]]
| [[Íomhá:Phoenicurus erythrogastrus, Stepantsminda, Georgia 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phoenicurus erythrogastrus
| [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus erythrogastrus|Phoenicurus erythrogastrus]]
| 
| 
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 170
| Q26755
| [[earrdheargán dubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Black Redstart bird.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phoenicurus ochruros
| [[:commons:Category:Phoenicurus ochruros|Phoenicurus ochruros]]
| 
| 25 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 171
| Q645528
| [[Euplectes franciscanus|Easpag flannbhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Euplectes franciscanus -Kotu Creek, Western Division, The Gambia -male-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Euplectes franciscanus
| [[:commons:Category:Euplectes franciscanus|Euplectes franciscanus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 172
| Q205491
| [[Gealóg charraige|Emberiza cia]]
| [[Íomhá:Rock Bunting (Cochem).jpg|center|128px]]
| Emberiza cia
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza cia|Emberiza cia]]
| 2.77 gram&lt;br/&gt;23 gram
| 
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 173
| Q1262861
| [[Spioróg mhór ruadhonn|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]]
| [[Íomhá:Red Goshawk.jpg|center|128px]]
| Erythrotriorchis radiatus
| [[:commons:Category:Erythrotriorchis radiatus|Erythrotriorchis radiatus]]
| 630 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.1 cileagram
| 123.5 ceintiméadar
| 41 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 174
| Q1060483
| [[Eurylaimus ochromalus]]
| [[Íomhá:Black-and-yellow Broadbill (Eurylaimus ochromalus).jpg|center|128px]]
| Eurylaimus ochromalus
| [[:commons:Category:Eurylaimus ochromalus|Eurylaimus ochromalus]]
| 33 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 175
| Q748290
| [[fabhcún Barbarach]]
| [[Íomhá:Wüstenfalke.jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco pelegrinoides
| [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides|Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 176
| Q25876
| [[Fabhcún coille Eoráiseach]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian Hobby (14574008925) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco subbuteo
| [[:commons:Category:Falco subbuteo|Falco subbuteo]]
| 24 gram&lt;br/&gt;181.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;240.5 gram
| 0.74 méadar
| 29 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 177
| Q179625
| [[fabhcún cosdearg]]
| [[Íomhá:Rotfußfalke Falco vespertinus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco vespertinus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco vespertinus|Falco vespertinus]]
| 17 gram&lt;br/&gt;150 gram&lt;br/&gt;167 gram
| 0.72 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 178
| Q30535
| [[Falco peregrinus|fabhcún gorm]]
| [[Íomhá:American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) (10700651733).jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco peregrinus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco peregrinus|Falco peregrinus]]
| 
| 1.02 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 179
| Q33554
| [[fabhcún Lanner]]
| [[Íomhá:Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus, at Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Northern Cape, South Africa (34447024871).jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco biarmicus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco biarmicus|Falco biarmicus]]
| 
| 100.5 ceintiméadar
| 32 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 180
| Q165974
| [[fabhcún Saker]]
| [[Íomhá:Falco cherrug 1 (Bohuš Číčel).jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco cherrug
| [[:commons:Category:Falco cherrug|Falco cherrug]]
| 53 gram&lt;br/&gt;875 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.13 cileagram
| 111.5 ceintiméadar
| 30 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 181
| Q177688
| [[fabhcún tuaithe]]
| [[Íomhá:Falco rusticolus white cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco rusticolus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco rusticolus|Falco rusticolus]]
| 
| 58 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 182
| Q206840
| [[falaróp gobchaol]]
| [[Íomhá:Phalaropus lobatus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phalaropus lobatus
| [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus lobatus|Phalaropus lobatus]]
| 6.3 gram&lt;br/&gt;35 gram&lt;br/&gt;39 gram
| 0.34 méadar
| 19 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 183
| Q208335
| [[falaróp gobmhór]]
| [[Íomhá:Grey Phalarope.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phalaropus fulicarius
| [[:commons:Category:Phalaropus fulicarius|Phalaropus fulicarius]]
| 
| 0.42 méadar
| 19 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 184
| Q26470
| [[falcóg bheag]]
| [[Íomhá:AlleAlle 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Alle alle
| [[:commons:Category:Alle alle|Alle alle]]
| 28 gram
| 0.32 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 185
| Q683138
| [[faoileán Airméanach]]
| [[Íomhá:Armenian Gull in flight (to the left) at Sevan lake, March 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus armenicus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus armenicus|Larus armenicus]]
| 1 cileagram
| 140 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 186
| Q619065
| [[faoileán an Aigéin Chiúin]]
| [[Íomhá:Larus pacificus - Derwent River Estuary.jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus pacificus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus pacificus|Larus pacificus]]
| 98.4 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.55 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.077 cileagram
| 147 ceintiméadar
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 187
| Q754885
| [[faoileán bandghobach]]
| [[Íomhá:Larus delawarensis -Lake Erie, Ohio, USA -adult non-breeding-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus delawarensis
| [[:commons:Category:Larus delawarensis|Larus delawarensis]]
| 566 gram&lt;br/&gt;471 gram
| 1150 millimetre
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 188
| Q26427
| [[faoileán bán]]
| [[Íomhá:Larus canus Common Gull in Norway.jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus canus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus canus|Larus canus]]
| 413 gram&lt;br/&gt;360 gram
| 1.11 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 189
| Q27375
| [[faoileán glas]]
| [[Íomhá:Glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) with offspring, Liefdefjord, Svalbard.jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus hyperboreus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus hyperboreus|Larus hyperboreus]]
| 1.576 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.249 cileagram
| 158 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 190
| Q391421
| [[Crotach gobchaol|faoileán gobchaol]]
| [[Íomhá:Goéland railleur Thyna012.jpg|center|128px]]
| Chroicocephalus genei
| [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus genei|Chroicocephalus genei]]
| 29 gram&lt;br/&gt;275 gram&lt;br/&gt;236 gram
| 102 ceintiméadar
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 191
| Q389505
| [[faoileán gáiriteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Larus cachinnans 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus cachinnans
| [[:commons:Category:Larus cachinnans|Larus cachinnans]]
| 60 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.275 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.033 cileagram
| 141 ceintiméadar
| 27 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 192
| Q28236
| [[faoileán scadán]]
| [[Íomhá:European herring gull vocalizing (00170).jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus argentatus
| [[:commons:Category:Larus argentatus|Larus argentatus]]
| 
| 1.34 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 193
| Q704982
| [[faoileán scadán cosbhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Larus michahellis LC0046.jpg|center|128px]]
| Larus michahellis
| [[:commons:Category:Larus michahellis|Larus michahellis]]
| 
| 130 ceintiméadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 194
| Q2735427
| [[Faoileán Heuglin|faoileán Sibéarach]]
| [[Íomhá:Heuglis Gull-Arpit.JPG|center|128px]]
| Larus heuglini
| [[:commons:Category:Larus fuscus heuglini|Larus fuscus heuglini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 195
| Q742574
| [[feadlacha aghaidhbhán]]
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocygna viduata (Vincent Vos).jpg|center|128px]]
| Dendrocygna viduata
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna viduata|Dendrocygna viduata]]
| 36 gram&lt;br/&gt;674 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 196
| Q378192
| [[feadlacha na nIndiacha Thiar]]
| [[Íomhá:West Indian Whistling Duck, Bayahibe, Dominican Republic 2017-12-10.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dendrocygna arborea
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna arborea|Dendrocygna arborea]]
| 54 gram
| 
| 30 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 197
| Q752461
| [[feadlacha tharrdhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Black-bellied Whistling Duck, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dendrocygna autumnalis
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocygna autumnalis|Dendrocygna autumnalis]]
| 831 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 198
| Q21148
| [[feadóg bhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:.00 3155 Goldregenpfeifer (Pluvialis apricaria).jpg|center|128px]]
| Pluvialis apricaria
| [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis apricaria|Pluvialis apricaria]]
| 32.8 gram&lt;br/&gt;175 gram
| 72 ceintiméadar
| 29 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 199
| Q18865
| [[feadóg bhuí Chiúin-Aigéanach]]
| [[Íomhá:Pacific Golden Plover - March 4, 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pluvialis fulva
| [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis fulva|Pluvialis fulva]]
| 18 gram&lt;br/&gt;135 gram
| 44 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 200
| Q216836
| [[feadóg bhuí Mheiriceánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Pluvialis dominica1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pluvialis dominica
| [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis dominica|Pluvialis dominica]]
| 26 gram&lt;br/&gt;145 gram
| 0.62 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 201
| Q752485
| [[Feadóg Áiseach|feadóg Chaispeach]]
| [[Íomhá:Caspian Plover in Koonthalulam Tamilnadu, India, by Dr. Tejinder Singh Rawal.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anarhynchus asiaticus
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius asiaticus|Charadrius asiaticus]]
| 
| 58 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 202
| Q26816
| [[feadóg chladaigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Charadrius hiaticula 3 breeding.jpg|center|128px]]
| Charadrius hiaticula
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius hiaticula|Charadrius hiaticula]]
| 10.9 gram
| 0.41 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 203
| Q752398
| [[Pilibín Indiach|feadóg dheargsprochallach]]
| [[Íomhá:Red-wattled Lapwing denoised.jpg|center|128px]]
| Vanellus indicus
| [[:commons:Category:Vanellus indicus|Vanellus indicus]]
| 
| 0.683 méadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 204
| Q827245
| [[feadóg earrbhán]]
| [[Íomhá:Vanellus leucurus, Ag-Gel National Park.jpg|center|128px]]
| Vanellus leucurus
| [[:commons:Category:Vanellus leucurus|Vanellus leucurus]]
| 
| 62.5 ceintiméadar
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 205
| Q18857
| [[feadóg ghainimh mhór]]
| [[Íomhá:2024-07-26 Anarhynchus leschenaultii leschenaultii, Newbiggin, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Charadrius leschenaultii
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius leschenaultii|Charadrius leschenaultii]]
| 
| 52 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 206
| Q18835
| [[feadóg ghlas]]
| [[Íomhá:Pluvialis squatarola (summer plumage).jpg|center|128px]]
| Pluvialis squatarola
| [[:commons:Category:Pluvialis squatarola|Pluvialis squatarola]]
| 
| 77 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 207
| Q755737
| [[feadóg ghlórach]]
| [[Íomhá:Juvenile killdeer.jpg|center|128px]]
| Charadrius vociferus
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius vociferus|Charadrius vociferus]]
| 
| 61 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 208
| Q468009
| [[feadóg mhionbhosach]]
| [[Íomhá:Semipalmated plover in Quogue (26942).jpg|center|128px]]
| Charadrius semipalmatus
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius semipalmatus|Charadrius semipalmatus]]
| 
| 47.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 209
| Q18851
| [[feadóigín chladaigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Charadrius dubius (49820761043).jpg|center|128px]]
| Charadrius dubius
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius dubius|Charadrius dubius]]
| 7.7 gram
| 45 ceintiméadar
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 210
| Q18855
| [[feadóigín chosdubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Charadrius alexandrinus - Kentish Plover 03.jpg|center|128px]]
| Charadrius alexandrinus
| [[:commons:Category:Charadrius alexandrinus|Charadrius alexandrinus]]
| 47 gram
| 42.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 211
| Q25405
| [[Caróg liath|feannóg]]
| [[Íomhá:Corvus cornix (33515567265).jpg|center|128px]]
| Corvus cornix
| [[:commons:Category:Corvus cornix|Corvus cornix]]
| 
| 98 ceintiméadar
| 18 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 212
| Q168514
| [[Fearán Eorpach|fearán]]
| [[Íomhá:2015-05-21 Streptopelia turtur, Sutton Bank, Yorkshire 06.jpg|center|128px]]
| Streptopelia turtur
| [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia turtur|Streptopelia turtur]]
| 8.2 gram&lt;br/&gt;136 gram
| 50 ceintiméadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 213
| Q54696
| [[fearán baicdhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2357 (3).jpg|center|128px]]
| Streptopelia decaocto
| [[:commons:Category:Streptopelia decaocto|Streptopelia decaocto]]
| 9.2 gram&lt;br/&gt;193 gram
| 30 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 214
| Q750027
| [[fearán gubhach]]
| [[Íomhá:Mourning dove perched (61179).jpg|center|128px]]
| Zenaida macroura
| [[:commons:Category:Zenaida macroura|Zenaida macroura]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 215
| Q391198
| [[Colm gáiriteach|fearán pailme]]
| [[Íomhá:140 Laughing dove in Twyfelfontein Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|128px]]
| Spilopelia senegalensis
| [[:commons:Category:Spilopelia senegalensis|Spilopelia senegalensis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 216
| Q25357
| [[fiach dubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Common Raven (Corvus corax) (11793963694).jpg|center|128px]]
| Corvus corax
| [[:commons:Category:Corvus corax|Corvus corax]]
| 689 gram&lt;br/&gt;1625 gram&lt;br/&gt;1041 gram&lt;br/&gt;25 gram
| 120 ceintiméadar&lt;br/&gt;150 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 217
| Q25393
| [[filiméala]]
| [[Íomhá:Luscinia megarhynchos - Common nightingale - Nachtegaal.jpg|center|128px]]
| Luscinia megarhynchos
| [[:commons:Category:Luscinia megarhynchos|Luscinia megarhynchos]]
| 2.65 gram
| 24 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 218
| Q206130
| [[filiméala smólaigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Luscinia luscinia vogelartinfo chris romeiks CHR3635.jpg|center|128px]]
| Luscinia luscinia
| [[:commons:Category:Luscinia luscinia|Luscinia luscinia]]
| 3.06 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 219
| Q192058
| [[foitheach cluasach]]
| [[Íomhá:Podiceps auritus (13909575538) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Podiceps auritus
| [[:commons:Category:Podiceps auritus|Podiceps auritus]]
| 22.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;449.5 gram
| 62 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 220
| Q579718
| [[foitheach gob-alabhreac]]
| [[Íomhá:Pied-billed Grebe (53638106406) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Podilymbus podiceps
| [[:commons:Category:Podilymbus podiceps|Podilymbus podiceps]]
| 20.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;522 gram&lt;br/&gt;358 gram
| 54 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 221
| Q25422
| [[foitheach mór]]
| [[Íomhá:Great Crested Grebe (52909695022).jpg|center|128px]]
| Podiceps cristatus
| [[:commons:Category:Podiceps cristatus|Podiceps cristatus]]
| 39.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;920 gram&lt;br/&gt;830 gram
| 88 ceintiméadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 222
| Q185183
| [[foitheach píbdhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Eared Grebe, breeding plumage (33774036404).jpg|center|128px]]
| Podiceps nigricollis
| [[:commons:Category:Podiceps nigricollis|Podiceps nigricollis]]
| 
| 58 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 223
| Q179919
| [[foitheach píbrua]]
| [[Íomhá:Podiceps grisegena (33665871935).jpg|center|128px]]
| Podiceps grisegena
| [[:commons:Category:Podiceps grisegena|Podiceps grisegena]]
| 30.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;873.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;785.4 gram
| 0.725 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 224
| Q21062
| [[foracha]]
| [[Íomhá:Guillemot (Uria aalge) in flight.jpg|center|128px]]
| Uria aalge
| [[:commons:Category:Uria aalge|Uria aalge]]
| 108 gram
| 0.707 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 225
| Q212055
| [[foracha dhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Tystie1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cepphus grylle
| [[:commons:Category:Cepphus grylle|Cepphus grylle]]
| 381 gram
| 55 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 226
| Q285165
| [[Francolin dubh|francóilín dubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Francolinus francolinus, Azerbaijan.jpg|center|128px]]
| Francolinus francolinus
| [[:commons:Category:Francolinus francolinus|Francolinus francolinus]]
| 425 gram&lt;br/&gt;355 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 227
| Q25961
| [[Alauda arvensis|fuiseog]]
| [[Íomhá:Alouette des champs Zaghouan001.jpg|center|128px]]
| Alauda arvensis
| [[:commons:Category:Alauda arvensis|Alauda arvensis]]
| 
| 0.35 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 228
| Q207249
| [[fuiseog adharcach]]
| [[Íomhá:Eremophila alpestris flava, Blyth 3.jpg|center|128px]]
| Eremophila alpestris
| [[:commons:Category:Eremophila alpestris|Eremophila alpestris]]
| 
| 32 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 229
| Q470853
| [[Fuiseog chalandra|fuiseog aithriseach]]
| [[Íomhá:Bereşe.jpg|center|128px]]
| Melanocorypha calandra
| [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha calandra|Melanocorypha calandra]]
| 63 gram&lt;br/&gt;55 gram
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 230
| Q1137284
| [[fuiseog bháneiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:White-winged Lark - Kazakistan S4E0496 (16947462615).jpg|center|128px]]
| Alauda leucoptera
| [[:commons:Category:Alauda leucoptera|Alauda leucoptera]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 231
| Q26969
| [[fuiseog choille]]
| [[Íomhá:Lullula arborea (Ján Svetlík).jpg|center|128px]]
| Lullula arborea
| [[:commons:Category:Lullula arborea|Lullula arborea]]
| 
| 29 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 232
| Q318893
| [[Fuiseog Elton|fuiseog dhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Zwarte leeuwerik.jpg|center|128px]]
| Melanocorypha yeltoniensis
| [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha yeltoniensis|Melanocorypha yeltoniensis]]
| 4.34 gram&lt;br/&gt;63.7 gram&lt;br/&gt;56.4 gram
| 
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 233
| Q819885
| [[fuiseog dhébhallach]]
| [[Íomhá:Melanocorypha bimaculata 117209398.jpg|center|128px]]
| Melanocorypha bimaculata
| [[:commons:Category:Melanocorypha bimaculata|Melanocorypha bimaculata]]
| 4.04 gram&lt;br/&gt;54 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 234
| Q24843
| [[fuiseog ladharghearr]]
| [[Íomhá:Alondra.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calandrella brachydactyla
| [[:commons:Category:Calandrella brachydactyla|Calandrella brachydactyla]]
| 
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 235
| Q525871
| [[fuiseog oirthearach]]
| [[Íomhá:Oriental Lark (49172375968).jpg|center|128px]]
| Alauda gulgula
| [[:commons:Category:Alauda gulgula|Alauda gulgula]]
| 
| 
| 10 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 236
| Q25429
| [[fáinleog]]
| [[Íomhá:Barn Swallow (95504589).jpeg|center|128px]]
| Hirundo rustica
| [[:commons:Category:Hirundo rustica|Hirundo rustica]]
| 
| 0.32 méadar
| 13.5 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 237
| Q26055
| [[gabhlán binne]]
| [[Íomhá:Delichon urbica.jpg|center|128px]]
| Delichon urbicum
| [[:commons:Category:Delichon urbicum|Delichon urbicum]]
| 
| 0.29 méadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 238
| Q165923
| [[gabhlán bánlíoch]]
| [[Íomhá:Apus pallidus -Greece-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Apus pallidus
| [[:commons:Category:Apus pallidus|Apus pallidus]]
| 3.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;41.3 gram
| 0.44 méadar
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 239
| Q213216
| [[gabhlán creige Eoráiseach]]
| [[Íomhá:Ptyonoprogne rupestris -Europe-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ptyonoprogne rupestris
| [[:commons:Category:Ptyonoprogne rupestris|Ptyonoprogne rupestris]]
| 2.08 gram&lt;br/&gt;20 gram
| 0.32 méadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 240
| Q31769
| [[gabhlán earrspíonach]]
| [[Íomhá:White-throated Needletail 09a.jpg|center|128px]]
| Hirundapus caudacutus
| [[:commons:Category:Hirundapus caudacutus|Hirundapus caudacutus]]
| 
| 
| 40 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 241
| Q25909
| [[gabhlán gainimh]]
| [[Íomhá:Riparia riparia -Markinch, Fife, Scotland -flying-8-4c.jpg|center|128px]]
| Riparia riparia
| [[:commons:Category:Riparia riparia|Riparia riparia]]
| 
| 0.27 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 242
| Q25377
| [[gabhlán gaoithe]]
| [[Íomhá:Common Swift 2025 07 18 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Apus apus
| [[:commons:Category:Apus apus|Apus apus]]
| 3.5 gram
| 0.4 méadar
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 243
| Q321267
| [[Gabhlán Alpach|gabhlán gaoithe alpach]]
| [[Íomhá:Alpine. Swift at kattampally.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tachymarptis melba
| [[:commons:Category:Tachymarptis melba|Tachymarptis melba]]
| 6.05 gram&lt;br/&gt;96 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 244
| Q611324
| [[Gabhlán beag|gabhlán gaoithe beag]]
| [[Íomhá:Little Swift - Aberdares - Kenya.jpg|center|128px]]
| Apus affinis
| [[:commons:Category:Apus affinis|Apus affinis]]
| 
| 
| 23 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 245
| Q912863
| [[gabhlán simléir]]
| [[Íomhá:Chaetura pelagica, by Lake Erie, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 339593191.jpg|center|128px]]
| Chaetura pelagica
| [[:commons:Category:Chaetura pelagica|Chaetura pelagica]]
| 23.6 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 246
| Q128002
| [[gaineamhchearc Pallas]]
| [[Íomhá:Syrrhapte paradoxal (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Syrrhaptes paradoxus
| [[:commons:Category:Syrrhaptes paradoxus|Syrrhaptes paradoxus]]
| 21 gram
| 69 ceintiméadar
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 247
| Q18875
| [[Geabhróg choiteann|geabhróg]]
| [[Íomhá:Common tern 2025 07 08 08.jpg|center|128px]]
| Sterna hirundo
| [[:commons:Category:Sterna hirundo|Sterna hirundo]]
| 
| 0.88 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 248
| Q26800
| [[geabhróg Artach]]
| [[Íomhá:00 3786. Küstenseeschwalbe.jpg|center|128px]]
| Sterna paradisaea
| [[:commons:Category:Sterna paradisaea|Sterna paradisaea]]
| 114 gram
| 0.8 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 249
| Q12267692
| [[geabhróg bheag]]
| [[Íomhá:Sternula albifrons - Boat Harbour.jpg|center|128px]]
| Sternula albifrons
| [[:commons:Category:Sternula albifrons|Sternula albifrons]]
| 10 gram&lt;br/&gt;57 gram
| 0.52 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 250
| Q233616
| [[geabhróg bhroinndubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Chlidonias hybrida 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]]
| Chlidonias hybrida
| [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias hybrida|Chlidonias hybrida]]
| 90 gram&lt;br/&gt;78 gram
| 67 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 251
| Q241753
| [[geabhróg bháneiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Chlidonias leucopterus Mai Po.jpg|center|128px]]
| Chlidonias leucopterus
| [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias leucopterus|Chlidonias leucopterus]]
| 10.5 gram
| 0.65 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 252
| Q27129
| [[geabhróg Chaispeach]]
| [[Íomhá:Sterna-caspia-010.jpg|center|128px]]
| Hydroprogne caspia
| [[:commons:Category:Hydroprogne caspia|Hydroprogne caspia]]
| 680 gram&lt;br/&gt;588 gram
| 133.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 253
| Q27215
| [[geabhróg dhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Chlidonias niger.jpg|center|128px]]
| Chlidonias niger
| [[:commons:Category:Chlidonias niger|Chlidonias niger]]
| 11 gram&lt;br/&gt;60 gram
| 0.539 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 254
| Q18834
| [[geabhróg ghobdhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Gelochelidon nilotica 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Gelochelidon nilotica
| [[:commons:Category:Gelochelidon nilotica|Gelochelidon nilotica]]
| 
| 94 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 255
| Q321293
| [[geabhróg rósach]]
| [[Íomhá:2020-07-18 Sterna dougallii, St Marys Island, Northumberland 19.jpg|center|128px]]
| Sterna dougallii
| [[:commons:Category:Sterna dougallii|Sterna dougallii]]
| 
| 76 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 256
| Q27547
| [[geabhróg scothdhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:2020-07-18 Thalasseus sandvicensis, St Marys Island, Northumberland 05.jpg|center|128px]]
| Thalasseus sandvicensis
| [[:commons:Category:Thalasseus sandvicensis|Thalasseus sandvicensis]]
| 
| 1 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 257
| Q14683
| [[gealbhan binne]]
| [[Íomhá:House Sparrow, England - May 09.jpg|center|128px]]
| Passer domesticus
| [[:commons:Category:Passer domesticus|Passer domesticus]]
| 
| 239 millimetre
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 258
| Q25968
| [[gealbhan crainn]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian Tree Sparrow (3352252620).jpg|center|128px]]
| Passer montanus
| [[:commons:Category:Passer montanus|Passer montanus]]
| 
| 21 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 259
| Q736313
| [[Gealbhan petronia|gealbhan creige]]
| [[Íomhá:Petronia petronia -Ariege, Midi-Pyrenee, France-8-4c.jpg|center|128px]]
| Petronia petronia
| [[:commons:Category:Petronia petronia|Petronia petronia]]
| 
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 260
| Q1318638
| [[Gealbhan ladharghearr|gealbhan mílítheach]]
| [[Íomhá:Carpospiza brachydactyla.jpg|center|128px]]
| Carpospiza brachydactyla
| [[:commons:Category:Carpospiza brachydactyla|Carpospiza brachydactyla]]
| 
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 261
| Q422873
| [[gealbhan sionnaigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Fuchsammer (Passerella iliaca), St. Louis County (Minnesota).jpg|center|128px]]
| Passerella iliaca
| [[:commons:Category:Passerella iliaca|Passerella iliaca]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 262
| Q499290
| [[Glasán gléigeal|gealbhan sneachta]]
| [[Íomhá:Montifringilla nivalis Francer.jpg|center|128px]]
| Montifringilla nivalis
| [[:commons:Category:Montifringilla nivalis|Montifringilla nivalis]]
| 
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 263
| Q466200
| [[Gealbhan Easpáinneach|gealbhan Spáinneach]]
| [[Íomhá:Passer hispaniolensis -Canary Islands, Spain -female-8 (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| Passer hispaniolensis
| [[:commons:Category:Passer hispaniolensis|Passer hispaniolensis]]
| 
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 264
| Q27220
| [[gealóg bhuachair]]
| [[Íomhá:Miliaria calandra-Corn Bunting.jpg|center|128px]]
| Emberiza calandra
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza calandra|Emberiza calandra]]
| 
| 29 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 265
| Q334183
| [[gealóg cheanndubh]]
| [[Íomhá:28-090504-black-headed-bunting-at-first-layby.jpg|center|128px]]
| Emberiza melanocephala
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza melanocephala|Emberiza melanocephala]]
| 3.08 gram&lt;br/&gt;28 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 266
| Q842599
| [[Gealbhan ceoil|Gealóg cheoil]]
| [[Íomhá:Song sparrow in Prospect Park (93031).jpg|center|128px]]
| Melospiza melodia
| [[:commons:Category:Melospiza melodia|Melospiza melodia]]
| 24 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 267
| Q206630
| [[gealóg gharraí]]
| [[Íomhá:Ortolan bunting in Sierra de Guara, Aragon, Spain.jpg|center|128px]]
| Emberiza hortulana
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza hortulana|Emberiza hortulana]]
| 2.48 gram
| 26 ceintiméadar
| 11 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 268
| Q26961
| [[gealóg ghiolcaí]]
| [[Íomhá:2014-06-01 Emberiza schoeniclus, Swallow Pond, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Emberiza schoeniclus
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza schoeniclus|Emberiza schoeniclus]]
| 
| 24 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 269
| Q837753
| [[Gealóg Chretzschmar|gealóg liathghorm]]
| [[Íomhá:Emberiza caesia Naumann.jpg|center|128px]]
| Emberiza caesia
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza caesia|Emberiza caesia]]
| 2.31 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 270
| Q648313
| [[Gealóg Bhuchanan|gealóg liathmhuinceach]]
| [[Íomhá:GreyNeckedBunting PrasadBR.jpg|center|128px]]
| Emberiza buchanani
| [[:commons:Category:Emberiza buchanani|Emberiza buchanani]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 271
| Q26416
| [[gealóg shneachta]]
| [[Íomhá:Plectrophenax nivalis P3130099.jpg|center|128px]]
| Plectrophenax nivalis
| [[:commons:Category:Plectrophenax nivalis|Plectrophenax nivalis]]
| 
| 35 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 272
| Q28358
| [[Gearg choiteann|gearg]]
| [[Íomhá:Coturnix coturnix, Fraunberg, Bayern, Deutschland 2, Ausschnitt.jpg|center|128px]]
| Coturnix coturnix
| [[:commons:Category:Coturnix coturnix|Coturnix coturnix]]
| 8.2 gram
| 34 ceintiméadar
| 18 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 273
| Q142651
| [[gearg bhabaight]]
| [[Íomhá:071 - NORTHERN BOBWHITE (1-15-09) falcon lake st park, tx (8718708333).jpg|center|128px]]
| Colinus virginianus
| [[:commons:Category:Colinus virginianus|Colinus virginianus]]
| 8.9 gram&lt;br/&gt;171 gram
| 34.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 274
| Q852146
| [[gearg Himiléach]]
| [[Íomhá:Ophrysia superciliosa hm.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ophrysia superciliosa
| [[:commons:Category:Ophrysia superciliosa|Ophrysia superciliosa]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 275
| Q716869
| [[gearg Sheapánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Coturnix japonica, Yehliu, Taiwan 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Coturnix japonica
| [[:commons:Category:Coturnix japonica|Coturnix japonica]]
| 8 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 276
| Q237670
| [[gearr Baillon]]
| [[Íomhá:Baillon's Crake in Baruipur February 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 03.jpg|center|128px]]
| Zapornia pusilla
| [[:commons:Category:Zapornia pusilla|Zapornia pusilla]]
| 35 gram
| 
| 18 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 277
| Q270680
| [[gearr beag]]
| [[Íomhá:Porzana parva (50).jpg|center|128px]]
| Zapornia parva
| [[:commons:Category:Zapornia parva|Zapornia parva]]
| 7.9 gram
| 36.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 278
| Q194024
| [[gearr breac]]
| [[Íomhá:Porzana porzana 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]]
| Porzana porzana
| [[:commons:Category:Porzana porzana|Porzana porzana]]
| 10.9 gram&lt;br/&gt;80 gram
| 0.38 méadar
| 18 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 279
| Q936740
| [[gearr sora]]
| [[Íomhá:Sora (Porzana carolina).jpg|center|128px]]
| Porzana carolina
| [[:commons:Category:Porzana carolina|Porzana carolina]]
| 8.9 gram
| 37.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 280
| Q110257516
| [[Gilphíb choiteann|Gilphíb]]
| [[Íomhá:Dorngrasmücke im Geo-Naturpark Bergstraße-Odenwald.jpg|center|128px]]
| Curruca communis
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca communis|Curruca communis]]
| 1.78 gram&lt;br/&gt;14.5 gram
| 20 ceintiméadar
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 281
| Q110257504
| [[Gilphíb bheag]]
| [[Íomhá:Klappergrasmücke (Curruca curruca) 3, Filey, North Yorkshire.jpg|center|128px]]
| Curruca curruca
| [[:commons:Category:Curruca curruca|Curruca curruca]]
| 
| 18 ceintiméadar
| 11 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 282
| Q27075785
| [[glasán darach]]
| [[Íomhá:Carduelis chloris Oulu 20120507.JPG|center|128px]]
| Chloris chloris
| [[:commons:Category:Chloris chloris|Chloris chloris]]
| 2.17 gram
| 0.25 méadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 283
| Q559977
| [[Glasán cródheargach|glasán deargeiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Crimson-winged Finch (Rhodopechys sanguineus) (29935889654) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Rhodopechys sanguineus
| [[:commons:Category:Rhodopechys sanguineus|Rhodopechys sanguineus]]
| 
| 
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 284
| Q174088
| [[glasán gobmhór]]
| [[Íomhá:Coccothraustes coccothraustes 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]]
| Coccothraustes coccothraustes
| [[:commons:Category:Coccothraustes coccothraustes|Coccothraustes coccothraustes]]
| 
| 31 ceintiméadar
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 285
| Q921335
| [[glasán Mongólach]]
| [[Íomhá:BirdsAsiaJohnGoVGoul 0128 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| Bucanetes mongolicus
| [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes mongolicus|Bucanetes mongolicus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 286
| Q559883
| [[Glasán cogalach|glasán trumpa]]
| [[Íomhá:Bucanetes githagineus amantum 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Bucanetes githagineus
| [[:commons:Category:Bucanetes githagineus|Bucanetes githagineus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 287
| Q25984
| [[glasóg bhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Schafstelze - Auenlandschaft Hohenrode HA 222 Landkreis Schaumburg.jpg|center|128px]]
| Motacilla flava
| [[:commons:Category:Motacilla flava|Motacilla flava]]
| 
| 0.26 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 288
| Q25399
| [[glasóg bhán]]
| [[Íomhá:20180415 015 Winterswijk Witte kwikstaart (40785272624).jpg|center|128px]]
| Motacilla alba
| [[:commons:Category:Motacilla alba|Motacilla alba]]
| 
| 0.26 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 289
| Q206540
| [[glasóg chiotrónach]]
| [[Íomhá:Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola)- Breeding Male of calcarata race at Bharatpur I IMG 5752.jpg|center|128px]]
| Motacilla citreola
| [[:commons:Category:Motacilla citreola|Motacilla citreola]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 290
| Q201316
| [[glasóg liath]]
| [[Íomhá:Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea (39682090233).jpg|center|128px]]
| Motacilla cinerea
| [[:commons:Category:Motacilla cinerea|Motacilla cinerea]]
| 1.91 gram&lt;br/&gt;17.4 gram
| 26 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 291
| Q27075852
| [[gleoiseach]]
| [[Íomhá:Carduelis cannabina -England -male-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Linaria cannabina
| [[:commons:Category:Linaria cannabina|Linaria cannabina]]
| 1.66 gram&lt;br/&gt;19 gram
| 0.24 méadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 292
| Q582976
| [[Glaséan súildearg|Gleoiseach shúildearg]]
| [[Íomhá:Vireo olivaceus -Madison -Wisconsin -USA-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Vireo olivaceus
| [[:commons:Category:Vireo olivaceus|Vireo olivaceus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 293
| Q10965357
| [[gleoiseach sléibhe]]
| [[Íomhá:Carduelis flavirostris.jpg|center|128px]]
| Linaria flavirostris
| [[:commons:Category:Linaria flavirostris|Linaria flavirostris]]
| 1.37 gram
| 23 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 294
| Q839834
| [[gobach mór broinnrósach]]
| [[Íomhá:Pheucticus ludovicianus CT2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pheucticus ludovicianus
| [[:commons:Category:Pheucticus ludovicianus|Pheucticus ludovicianus]]
| 44 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 295
| Q788649
| [[gobadáinín Baird]]
| [[Íomhá:Baird's sandpiper (Calidris bairdii) 03.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris bairdii
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris bairdii|Calidris bairdii]]
| 9.6 gram
| 38 ceintiméadar
| 21 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 296
| Q27232
| [[gobadáinín beag]]
| [[Íomhá:Little Stint (Calidris minuta) (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris minuta
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris minuta|Calidris minuta]]
| 6.3 gram&lt;br/&gt;24 gram&lt;br/&gt;27.1 gram
| 36 ceintiméadar
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 297
| Q913052
| [[gobadáinín bídeach]]
| [[Íomhá:Least Sandpiper.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris minutilla
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris minutilla|Calidris minutilla]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 298
| Q62345
| [[gobadáinín crotaigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Calidris ferruginea (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris ferruginea
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris ferruginea|Calidris ferruginea]]
| 12 gram
| 44 ceintiméadar
| 19 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 299
| Q845969
| [[gobadáinín ladharfhada]]
| [[Íomhá:Calidris subminuta - Pak Thale.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris subminuta
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris subminuta|Calidris subminuta]]
| 7.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;29 gram&lt;br/&gt;32 gram
| 30.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 300
| Q18860
| [[gobadáinín píbrua]]
| [[Íomhá:Calidris ruficollis - Marion Bay.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris ruficollis
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris ruficollis|Calidris ruficollis]]
| 8.3 gram&lt;br/&gt;26 gram
| 31 ceintiméadar
| 21 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 301
| Q58921
| [[gobadáinín Temminck]]
| [[Íomhá:Temminck's Stint in Bakkhali September 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris temminckii
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris temminckii|Calidris temminckii]]
| 5.8 gram&lt;br/&gt;24.3 gram&lt;br/&gt;27.8 gram
| 36 ceintiméadar
| 21 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 302
| Q18850
| [[Gobadán coiteann|gobadán]]
| [[Íomhá:Actitis hypoleucos - Laem Pak Bia.jpg|center|128px]]
| Actitis hypoleucos
| [[:commons:Category:Actitis hypoleucos|Actitis hypoleucos]]
| 
| 0.273 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 303
| Q599749
| [[gobadán bánphrompach]]
| [[Íomhá:Calidris fuscicollis.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris fuscicollis
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris fuscicollis|Calidris fuscicollis]]
| 10.8 gram&lt;br/&gt;39.7 gram&lt;br/&gt;45.8 gram
| 37 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 304
| Q18837
| [[gobadán coille]]
| [[Íomhá:Wood Sandpiper (50206067826), crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tringa glareola
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa glareola|Tringa glareola]]
| 13.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;62 gram&lt;br/&gt;73 gram
| 0.4 méadar
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 305
| Q62359
| [[gobadán cosbhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Purple Sandpiper ( Calidris maritima ) ... Filey Brig , Yorkshire (53266204391).jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris maritima
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris maritima|Calidris maritima]]
| 67.6 gram&lt;br/&gt;76.3 gram
| 44 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 306
| Q753760
| [[gobadán earr-rinneach]]
| [[Íomhá:Calidris acuminata - Hexham Swamp.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris acuminata
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris acuminata|Calidris acuminata]]
| 13.7 gram&lt;br/&gt;70.3 gram&lt;br/&gt;63.5 gram
| 39.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 307
| Q28450
| [[gobadán glas]]
| [[Íomhá:Green Sandpiper ( Tringa ochropus ) ... Tophill Low , Yorkshire (53182606905).jpg|center|128px]]
| Tringa ochropus
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa ochropus|Tringa ochropus]]
| 15.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;75 gram&lt;br/&gt;85 gram
| 59 ceintiméadar
| 21 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 308
| Q28114227
| [[Gobadán gobleathan]]
| [[Íomhá:Broad billed sandpiper by Sreedev Puthur.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris falcinellus
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris falcinellus|Calidris falcinellus]]
| 9.1 gram&lt;br/&gt;37 gram
| 36.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 309
| Q839820
| [[gobadán scodalach]]
| [[Íomhá:Stilt Sandpiper (29065008787).jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris himantopus
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris himantopus|Calidris himantopus]]
| 
| 42.5 ceintiméadar
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 310
| Q530194
| [[gobadán sléibhe]]
| [[Íomhá:Bartramia longicauda Orangeburg 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Bartramia longicauda
| [[:commons:Category:Bartramia longicauda|Bartramia longicauda]]
| 
| 66 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 311
| Q18856
| [[gobadán Terek]]
| [[Íomhá:Xenus cinereus (Alnus).jpg|center|128px]]
| Xenus cinereus
| [[:commons:Category:Xenus cinereus|Xenus cinereus]]
| 
| 58 ceintiméadar
| 23 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 312
| Q26578
| [[gormphíb]]
| [[Íomhá:Blåhake - bluethroat (Luscinia svecica)-5 - Flickr - Ragnhild &amp; Neil Crawford.jpg|center|128px]]
| Luscinia svecica
| [[:commons:Category:Luscinia svecica|Luscinia svecica]]
| 
| 22 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 313
| Q191683
| [[grús coimir]]
| [[Íomhá:Demoiselle Cranes at Tal Chappar.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anthropoides virgo
| [[:commons:Category:Grus virgo|Grus virgo]]
| 
| 167.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 314
| Q4764
| [[grús coiteann]]
| [[Íomhá:2017.07.04.-01-Wendisch Rietz--Kranich.jpg|center|128px]]
| Grus grus
| [[:commons:Category:Grus grus|Grus grus]]
| 
| 2.22 méadar
| 30 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 315
| Q457477
| [[grús Meiriceánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Grus americana Sasata.jpg|center|128px]]
| Grus americana
| [[:commons:Category:Grus americana|Grus americana]]
| 7.497 cileagram
| 215 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 316
| Q21949185
| [[grús Sibéarach]]
| [[Íomhá:Schneekranich Grus leucogeranus 090501 We 147.JPG|center|128px]]
| Leucogeranus leucogeranus
| [[:commons:Category:Grus leucogeranus|Grus leucogeranus]]
| 197 gram
| 235 ceintiméadar
| 29 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 317
| Q27461
| [[guairdeall]]
| [[Íomhá:Hydrobates pelagicus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Hydrobates pelagicus
| [[:commons:Category:Hydrobates pelagicus|Hydrobates pelagicus]]
| 
| 38 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 318
| Q18841
| [[guilbneach earrdhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:.00 2789 Uferschnepfe (Limosa limosa).jpg|center|128px]]
| Limosa limosa
| [[:commons:Category:Limosa limosa|Limosa limosa]]
| 39 gram&lt;br/&gt;264 gram&lt;br/&gt;315 gram
| 76 ceintiméadar
| 23 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 319
| Q283458
| [[Cnota mór|guilbneach Hudsúnach]]
| [[Íomhá:Hudsonian Godwit - Churchill - Canada 01 (15657156459).jpg|center|128px]]
| Limosa haemastica
| [[:commons:Category:Limosa haemastica|Limosa haemastica]]
| 37.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;222 gram&lt;br/&gt;289 gram
| 73 ceintiméadar
| 23 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 320
| Q18864
| [[guilbneach stríocearrach]]
| [[Íomhá:Bar-tailed Godwit.jpg|center|128px]]
| Limosa lapponica
| [[:commons:Category:Limosa lapponica|Limosa lapponica]]
| 313 gram&lt;br/&gt;354 gram
| 0.73 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 321
| Q371633
| [[guilbnín gobghearr]]
| [[Íomhá:Short-billed Dowitcher breeding RWD.jpg|center|128px]]
| Limnodromus griseus
| [[:commons:Category:Limnodromus griseus|Limnodromus griseus]]
| 113 gram
| 48 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 322
| Q83020448
| [[Seaga|Gulosus aristotelis]]
| [[Íomhá:Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis.jpg|center|128px]]
| Gulosus aristotelis
| [[:commons:Category:Gulosus aristotelis|Gulosus aristotelis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 323
| Q177856
| [[Bultúr gríofa|Gyps fulvus]]
| [[Íomhá:Gyps fulvus -Basque Country-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Gyps fulvus
| [[:commons:Category:Gyps fulvus|Gyps fulvus]]
| 252 gram&lt;br/&gt;8.328 cileagram
| 2.591 méadar
| 54 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 324
| Q212937
| [[gé alabhreac chosbhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Magpie goose.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anseranas semipalmata
| [[:commons:Category:Anseranas semipalmata|Anseranas semipalmata]]
| 128 gram
| 155 ceintiméadar&lt;br/&gt;145 ceintiméadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 325
| Q187852
| [[gé bhroinnrua]]
| [[Íomhá:Brantha ruficollis In Taimyr Reserve.jpg|center|128px]]
| Branta ruficollis
| [[:commons:Category:Branta ruficollis|Branta ruficollis]]
| 1.095 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;90 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.375 cileagram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 326
| Q172093
| [[gé bhánéadanach]]
| [[Íomhá:2020-03-04 Anser albifrons flavirostris, Gosforth Park, Northumberland 07.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anser albifrons
| [[:commons:Category:Anser albifrons|Anser albifrons]]
| 
| 1.41 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 327
| Q26733
| [[gé Cheanadach]]
| [[Íomhá:Bernaches du Canada 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| Branta canadensis
| [[:commons:Category:Branta canadensis|Branta canadensis]]
| 3.814 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;3.314 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;5 cileagram
| 1.69 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 328
| Q26680
| [[gé ghiúrainn]]
| [[Íomhá:Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis).jpg|center|128px]]
| Branta leucopsis
| [[:commons:Category:Branta leucopsis|Branta leucopsis]]
| 107 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.788 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.586 cileagram
| 1.08 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 329
| Q25882
| [[gé ghlas]]
| [[Íomhá:00 3688 Graugans (Anser anser).jpg|center|128px]]
| Anser anser
| [[:commons:Category:Anser anser|Anser anser]]
| 160 gram&lt;br/&gt;3.692 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;3.237 cileagram
| 1.55 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 330
| Q244189
| [[Gé Hutchins|gé ghogallach]]
| [[Íomhá:AleutianCanadaGoose2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Branta hutchinsii
| [[:commons:Category:Branta hutchinsii|Branta hutchinsii]]
| 
| 
| 26 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 331
| Q658658
| [[gé ghormeiteach Aibisíneach]]
| [[Íomhá:Blue-winged goose (Cyanochen cyanoptera).jpg|center|128px]]
| Cyanochen cyanoptera
| [[:commons:Category:Cyanochen cyanoptera|Cyanochen cyanoptera]]
| 52 gram&lt;br/&gt;2.18 cileagram
| 
| 32 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 332
| Q755653
| [[Gé impireach|gé impiriúil]]
| [[Íomhá:An emperor goose in flight (53706721602).jpg|center|128px]]
| Anser canagicus
| [[:commons:Category:Anser canagicus|Anser canagicus]]
| 
| 119 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 333
| Q766276
| [[gé luaithcheannach]]
| [[Íomhá:Chloephaga poliocephala -Patagonia-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Chloephaga poliocephala
| [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga poliocephala|Chloephaga poliocephala]]
| 89 gram&lt;br/&gt;2.233 cileagram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 334
| Q837402
| [[gé mhongach]]
| [[Íomhá:Australian wood duck - male.jpg|center|128px]]
| Chenonetta jubata
| [[:commons:Category:Chenonetta jubata|Chenonetta jubata]]
| 54 gram&lt;br/&gt;807 gram
| 79 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 335
| Q129036
| [[gé shléibhe]]
| [[Íomhá:Chloephaga picta.jpg|center|128px]]
| Chloephaga picta
| [[:commons:Category:Chloephaga picta|Chloephaga picta]]
| 73 gram&lt;br/&gt;3.17 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.69 cileagram
| 1.29 méadar
| 30 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 336
| Q27074540
| [[gé shneachta]]
| [[Íomhá:Snow Goose (24510697391).jpg|center|128px]]
| Anser caerulescens
| [[:commons:Category:Anser caerulescens|Anser caerulescens]]
| 127 gram&lt;br/&gt;2.63 cileagram
| 148.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 337
| Q247412
| [[gé sporeiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Spur-winged Geese (Plectropterus gambensis niger) male.jpg|center|128px]]
| Plectropterus gambensis
| [[:commons:Category:Plectropterus gambensis|Plectropterus gambensis]]
| 5.4 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;4.375 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;140 gram
| 
| 31 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 338
| Q191125
| [[gé stríoc-cheannach]]
| [[Íomhá:Bar-headed Goose by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN7530 (23).jpg|center|128px]]
| Anser indicus
| [[:commons:Category:Anser indicus|Anser indicus]]
| 141 gram&lt;br/&gt;2.505 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.23 cileagram
| 150 ceintiméadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 339
| Q257006
| [[gé Thasmánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Cereopsis novaehollandiae 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cereopsis novaehollandiae
| [[:commons:Category:Cereopsis novaehollandiae|Cereopsis novaehollandiae]]
| 137 gram&lt;br/&gt;5.29 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;3.77 cileagram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 340
| Q274179
| [[Gé Éigipteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Egyptian goose (05659).jpg|center|128px]]
| Alopochen aegyptiaca
| [[:commons:Category:Alopochen aegyptiaca|Alopochen aegyptiaca]]
| 
| 144 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 341
| Q62168711
| [[Ceolaire casarnaí Pallas|Helopsaltes certhiola]]
| [[Íomhá:Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler by Tisha Mukherjee 14.jpg|center|128px]]
| Helopsaltes certhiola
| [[:commons:Category:Helopsaltes certhiola|Helopsaltes certhiola]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 342
| Q25247
| [[húpú]]
| [[Íomhá:Common Hoopoe Photograph By Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|center|128px]]
| Upupa epops
| [[:commons:Category:Upupa epops|Upupa epops]]
| 
| 44 ceintiméadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 343
| Q17970
| [[iabairiú]]
| [[Íomhá:Jabiru Mato Grosso Pantanal Brazil-2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Jabiru mycteria
| [[:commons:Category:Jabiru mycteria|Jabiru mycteria]]
| 
| 245 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 344
| Q232523
| [[Iolar breac beag|iolar beag breac]]
| [[Íomhá:Aquila pomarina orlik krzykliwyAM.jpg|center|128px]]
| Clanga pomarina
| [[:commons:Category:Clanga pomarina|Clanga pomarina]]
| 88 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.258 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.693 cileagram
| 
| 39 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 345
| Q182971
| [[iolar crúbchlúmhach]]
| [[Íomhá:Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus, at Kgalagadi Transfrontier Pa (32334023348).jpg|center|128px]]
| Hieraaetus pennatus
| [[:commons:Category:Hieraaetus pennatus|Hieraaetus pennatus]]
| 62 gram&lt;br/&gt;709 gram&lt;br/&gt;975 gram
| 1.11 méadar
| 38 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 346
| Q41181
| [[iolar fíréan]]
| [[Íomhá:Maakotka (Aquila chrysaetos) by Jarkko Järvinen.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aquila chrysaetos
| [[:commons:Category:Aquila chrysaetos|Aquila chrysaetos]]
| 3.572 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;5.194 cileagram
| 2.03 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 347
| Q53745
| [[iolar hairpí]]
| [[Íomhá:Harpia-harpyja-001.jpg|center|128px]]
| Harpia harpyja
| [[:commons:Category:Harpia harpyja|Harpia harpyja]]
| 4.4 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;7.5 cileagram
| 188.5 ceintiméadar
| 56 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 348
| Q168976
| [[iolar impiriúil]]
| [[Íomhá:Eastern Imperial Eagle cr.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aquila heliaca
| [[:commons:Category:Aquila heliaca|Aquila heliaca]]
| 2.585 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;3.845 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;132 gram
| 197.5 ceintiméadar
| 44 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 349
| Q170251
| [[Iolar nathartha gearrladhrach|iolar ladharghearr]]
| [[Íomhá:Circaetus gallicus - Short-toed snake-eagleı 02-1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Circaetus gallicus
| [[:commons:Category:Circaetus gallicus|Circaetus gallicus]]
| 136 gram
| 177 ceintiméadar
| 46 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 350
| Q127216
| [[iolar maol]]
| [[Íomhá:Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Kachemak Bay, Alaska.jpg|center|128px]]
| Haliaeetus leucocephalus
| [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus leucocephalus|Haliaeetus leucocephalus]]
| 117 gram&lt;br/&gt;4.13 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;5.35 cileagram
| 2.3 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 351
| Q25438
| [[Iolar mara earrbhán|iolar mara]]
| [[Íomhá:Adult White-tailed Eagle defending prey, Rezerwat Gostynin-Wloclawek, Poland.jpg|center|128px]]
| Haliaeetus albicilla
| [[:commons:Category:Haliaeetus albicilla|Haliaeetus albicilla]]
| 142 gram&lt;br/&gt;4.014 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;5.572 cileagram
| 2.18 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 352
| Q179359
| [[iolar steipeach]]
| [[Íomhá:Мангистауская область, степной орёл.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aquila nipalensis
| [[:commons:Category:Aquila nipalensis|Aquila nipalensis]]
| 117 gram&lt;br/&gt;2.459 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.987 cileagram
| 2.03 méadar
| 45 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 353
| Q888660
| [[Bonnán amhrasach|Ixobrychus dubius]]
| [[Íomhá:Australian Little Bittern Sherwood Nov01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ixobrychus dubius
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus dubius|Botaurus dubius]]
| 
| 45 ceintiméadar
| 18 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 354
| Q888651
| [[Bonnán scartha|Ixobrychus involucris]]
| [[Íomhá:Ixobrychus involucris.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ixobrychus involucris
| [[:commons:Category:Botaurus involucris|Botaurus involucris]]
| 80 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 355
| Q26444
| [[lacha bhadánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Tufted Duck 09 05 2025 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aythya fuligula
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya fuligula|Aythya fuligula]]
| 56 gram
| 0.71 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 356
| Q25495361
| [[lacha bháneiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:White-winged wood duck.jpg|center|128px]]
| Asarcornis scutulata
| [[:commons:Category:Asarcornis scutulata|Asarcornis scutulata]]
| 3.25 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.65 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;72.3 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 357
| Q597144
| [[lacha cheann-bhándearg]]
| [[Íomhá:Rhodonessa caryophyllacea.jpg|center|128px]]
| Rhodonessa caryophyllacea
| [[:commons:Category:Rhodonessa caryophyllacea|Rhodonessa caryophyllacea]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 358
| Q241399
| [[lacha cheannbhán]]
| [[Íomhá:Oxyura leucocephala, Clot-de-Galvany, Alicante 16.jpg|center|128px]]
| Oxyura leucocephala
| [[:commons:Category:Oxyura leucocephala|Oxyura leucocephala]]
| 96 gram&lt;br/&gt;737 gram&lt;br/&gt;593 gram
| 66 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 359
| Q322159
| [[lacha choille]]
| [[Íomhá:Wood duck druid ridge cemetery 10.10.20 DSC 5487.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aix sponsa
| [[:commons:Category:Aix sponsa|Aix sponsa]]
| 
| 71 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 360
| Q845292
| [[lacha chosrua]]
| [[Íomhá:028 - AMERICAN BLACK DUCK (2-19-11) Quidi Vidi Lake, St John's, Newfoundland (8710694225).jpg|center|128px]]
| Anas rubripes
| [[:commons:Category:Anas rubripes|Anas rubripes]]
| 1.252 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.111 cileagram
| 90.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 361
| Q426968
| [[lacha chuircíneach]]
| [[Íomhá:Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos, female, by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN8938 (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| Sarkidiornis melanotos
| [[:commons:Category:Sarkidiornis melanotos|Sarkidiornis melanotos]]
| 66 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.455 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.777 cileagram
| 
| 29 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 362
| Q26597
| [[lacha earrfhada]]
| [[Íomhá:Clangula-hyemalis-011.jpg|center|128px]]
| Clangula hyemalis
| [[:commons:Category:Clangula hyemalis|Clangula hyemalis]]
| 
| 0.71 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 363
| Q654901
| [[lacha Fhilipíneach]]
| [[Íomhá:Anas luzonica, Candaba Marsh, Luzon 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anas luzonica
| [[:commons:Category:Anas luzonica|Anas luzonica]]
| 906 gram&lt;br/&gt;779 gram
| 84 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 364
| Q535206
| [[lacha ghob-bhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Gelbschnabelente Anas undulata 0505273 Wikiausschnitt.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anas undulata
| [[:commons:Category:Anas undulata|Anas undulata]]
| 55 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 365
| Q851349
| [[lacha ghobrósach]]
| [[Íomhá:Netta peposaca - Miguel - 569265081 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
| Netta peposaca
| [[:commons:Category:Netta peposaca|Netta peposaca]]
| 1.181 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.004 cileagram
| 
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 366
| Q845624
| [[lacha Hartlaub]]
| [[Íomhá:Pteronetta hartlaubii (Hartlaub's Duck), Lac Mafoumi, Gabon 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pteronetta hartlaubii
| [[:commons:Category:Pteronetta hartlaubii|Pteronetta hartlaubii]]
| 40 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.035 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;790 gram
| 
| 31 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 367
| Q26635
| [[lacha iascán]]
| [[Íomhá:2014-04-14 Aythya marila, female, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 04.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aythya marila
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya marila|Aythya marila]]
| 
| 0.82 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 368
| Q917490
| [[lacha Meller]]
| [[Íomhá:Anas.melleri.3.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anas melleri
| [[:commons:Category:Anas melleri|Anas melleri]]
| 45 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 369
| Q200339
| [[lacha mhandrach]]
| [[Íomhá:Mandarin ducks by the Weiming Lake of Peking University 09.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aix galericulata
| [[:commons:Category:Aix galericulata|Aix galericulata]]
| 41 gram
| 71 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 370
| Q191723
| [[lacha mheirgeach]]
| [[Íomhá:Ferruginous Pochard Aythya nyroca Male by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2746 (12).jpg|center|128px]]
| Aythya nyroca
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya nyroca|Aythya nyroca]]
| 43 gram&lt;br/&gt;583 gram&lt;br/&gt;520 gram
| 65 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 371
| Q601055
| [[lacha mhuinceach]]
| [[Íomhá:Ring-necked Duck (f) (26058476660).jpg|center|128px]]
| Aythya collaris
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya collaris|Aythya collaris]]
| 744 gram&lt;br/&gt;671 gram
| 68 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 372
| Q647461
| [[lacha rua]]
| [[Íomhá:065 - RUDDY DUCK (11-27-07) fem, oso flaco, sloco, ca oso (1) (8718083235).jpg|center|128px]]
| Oxyura jamaicensis
| [[:commons:Category:Oxyura jamaicensis|Oxyura jamaicensis]]
| 590 gram&lt;br/&gt;499 gram
| 57.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 373
| Q28106837
| [[Rualacha|Lacha rua]]
| [[Íomhá:1994. Марка России 0170 hi.jpg|center|128px]]
| Mareca penelope
| [[:commons:Category:Mareca penelope|Mareca penelope]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 374
| Q839542
| [[lacha spotghobach]]
| [[Íomhá:Pair Indian Spot-billed Duck Karanji Mysore Dec23 A7C 08342.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anas poecilorhyncha
| [[:commons:Category:Anas poecilorhyncha|Anas poecilorhyncha]]
| 57 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.365 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.025 cileagram
| 0.689 méadar
| 26 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 375
| Q570379
| [[ladhrán buí]]
| [[Íomhá:Greater Yellowlegs2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tringa melanoleuca
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa melanoleuca|Tringa melanoleuca]]
| 27.9 gram&lt;br/&gt;170 gram
| 72 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 376
| Q18840
| [[laidhrín glas]]
| [[Íomhá:Greenshank (Tringa nebularia).jpg|center|128px]]
| Tringa nebularia
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa nebularia|Tringa nebularia]]
| 30.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;173 gram
| 0.61 méadar
| 26 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 377
| Q25418
| [[lasair choille]]
| [[Íomhá:Carduelis carduelis (2012).jpg|center|128px]]
| Carduelis carduelis
| [[:commons:Category:Carduelis carduelis|Carduelis carduelis]]
| 1.53 gram
| 0.24 méadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 378
| Q27471
| [[Lasairchíor choiteann|lasairchíor]]
| [[Íomhá:Regulus ignicapilla Frank Vassen.jpg|center|128px]]
| Regulus ignicapilla
| [[:commons:Category:Regulus ignicapilla|Regulus ignicapilla]]
| 
| 14 ceintiméadar
| 16 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 379
| Q179863
| [[Lasairéan mór|lasairéan]]
| [[Íomhá:Flamant rose Thyna009.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phoenicopterus roseus
| [[:commons:Category:Phoenicopterus roseus|Phoenicopterus roseus]]
| 
| 163.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 380
| Q644012
| [[Leptoptilos dubius]]
| [[Íomhá:Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius).jpg|center|128px]]
| Leptoptilos dubius
| [[:commons:Category:Leptoptilos dubius|Leptoptilos dubius]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 381
| Q155878
| [[liathchearc]]
| [[Íomhá:Birkhahn.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lyrurus tetrix
| [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus tetrix|Lyrurus tetrix]]
| 1.175 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;925 gram&lt;br/&gt;35.5 gram
| 72 ceintiméadar
| 26 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 382
| Q845408
| [[Cearc fhraoigh Chugasaigh|liathchearc cugasach]]
| [[Íomhá:Tetras du caucase jogo 0g.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi
| [[:commons:Category:Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi|Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi]]
| 32.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;865 gram&lt;br/&gt;766 gram
| 
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 383
| Q178942
| [[liatráisc]]
| [[Íomhá:Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) (33847459792).jpg|center|128px]]
| Turdus viscivorus
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus viscivorus|Turdus viscivorus]]
| 
| 0.44 méadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 384
| Q26641
| [[lon creige]]
| [[Íomhá:2015-04-20 Turdus torquatus torquatus Cairngorm 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Turdus torquatus
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus torquatus|Turdus torquatus]]
| 7.4 gram
| 40 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 385
| Q58958
| [[luathrán]]
| [[Íomhá:2014-05-25 Sanderling, Paignton Beach, Devon 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Calidris alba
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris alba|Calidris alba]]
| 
| 35 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 386
| Q184432
| [[lóma Artach]]
| [[Íomhá:Gavia arctica1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Gavia arctica
| [[:commons:Category:Gavia arctica|Gavia arctica]]
| 
| 1.2 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 387
| Q558990
| [[Lóma an Aigéin Chiúin|lóma ciúinmuirí]]
| [[Íomhá:PacificLoon24.jpg|center|128px]]
| Gavia pacifica
| [[:commons:Category:Gavia pacifica|Gavia pacifica]]
| 95 gram&lt;br/&gt;2.349 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.115 cileagram
| 
| 29 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 388
| Q26691
| [[lóma rua]]
| [[Íomhá:Gavia stellata -Iceland -swimming-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Gavia stellata
| [[:commons:Category:Gavia stellata|Gavia stellata]]
| 1.729 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.477 cileagram
| 1.04 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 389
| Q673417
| [[Malacocincla perspicillata]]
| [[Íomhá:Enigma dari Karst Meratus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Malacocincla perspicillata
| [[:commons:Category:Malacocincla perspicillata|Malacocincla perspicillata]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 390
| Q25348
| [[mallard]]
| [[Íomhá:Anas platyrhynchos (Male) on the ground.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anas platyrhynchos
| [[:commons:Category:Anas platyrhynchos|Anas platyrhynchos]]
| 
| 0.88 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 391
| Q28106966
| [[Gadual|Mareca strepera]]
| [[Íomhá:Anas strepera pair.jpg|center|128px]]
| Mareca strepera
| [[:commons:Category:Mareca strepera|Mareca strepera]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 392
| Q273067
| [[Meantán crochta|meantán crochadánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Remiz pendulinus (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]]
| Remiz pendulinus
| [[:commons:Category:Remiz pendulinus|Remiz pendulinus]]
| 0.95 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 393
| Q192817
| [[meantán croiméalach]]
| [[Íomhá:Bartmeise(Cropped) by Wolfram Riech.jpg|center|128px]]
| Panurus biarmicus
| [[:commons:Category:Panurus biarmicus|Panurus biarmicus]]
| 1.88 gram&lt;br/&gt;15.3 gram
| 17 ceintiméadar
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 394
| Q207831
| [[meantán cuircíneach]]
| [[Íomhá:Lophophanes cristatus - 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lophophanes cristatus
| [[:commons:Category:Lophophanes cristatus|Lophophanes cristatus]]
| 1.31 gram
| 100000 millimetre
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 395
| Q574281
| [[Meantán gruama|meantán duairc]]
| [[Íomhá:Poecile lugubris, Bulgaria 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Poecile lugubris
| [[:commons:Category:Poecile lugubris|Poecile lugubris]]
| 1.68 gram&lt;br/&gt;16.8 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 396
| Q191096
| [[meantán dubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Coal Tit - Dugalbitta, Uttarakhand, India (15143483976).jpg|center|128px]]
| Periparus ater
| [[:commons:Category:Periparus ater|Periparus ater]]
| 1.04 gram
| 0.18 méadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 397
| Q170831
| [[meantán earrfhada]]
| [[Íomhá:Long-tailed tit (74940).jpg|center|128px]]
| Aegithalos caudatus
| [[:commons:Category:Aegithalos caudatus|Aegithalos caudatus]]
| 
| 18 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 398
| Q25404
| [[meantán gorm]]
| [[Íomhá:Parus caeruleus1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cyanistes caeruleus
| [[:commons:Category:Cyanistes caeruleus|Cyanistes caeruleus]]
| 1.14 gram&lt;br/&gt;11.8 gram
| 18 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 399
| Q4967039
| [[Meantán Hyrcaniach|meantán Iaránach]]
| [[Íomhá:Poecile hyrcanus 122184675.jpg|center|128px]]
| Poecile hyrcanus
| [[:commons:Category:Poecile hyrcanus|Poecile hyrcanus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 400
| Q207838
| [[meantán lathaí]]
| [[Íomhá:Sumpfmeise im NSG Hirschacker und Dossenwald 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Poecile palustris
| [[:commons:Category:Poecile palustris|Poecile palustris]]
| 1.24 gram&lt;br/&gt;11.9 gram
| 19 ceintiméadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 401
| Q215211
| [[meantán léana]]
| [[Íomhá:Parus atricapillus 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|128px]]
| Poecile montanus
| [[:commons:Category:Poecile montanus|Poecile montanus]]
| 
| 19 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 402
| Q25485
| [[meantán mór]]
| [[Íomhá:Great tit (Parus major), Parc de Woluwé, Brussels (13042792905).jpg|center|128px]]
| Parus major
| [[:commons:Category:Parus major|Parus major]]
| 1.68 gram&lt;br/&gt;18.5 gram
| 0.23 méadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 403
| Q571268
| [[Stercorarius maccormicki|meirleach Antartach]]
| [[Íomhá:Skua Terra Nova Bay 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Stercorarius maccormicki
| [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius maccormicki|Stercorarius maccormicki]]
| 89.4 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.277 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.421 cileagram
| 135 ceintiméadar
| 29 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 404
| Q203053
| [[meirleach Artach]]
| [[Íomhá:2021-07-11 Parasitic jaeger chick.jpg|center|128px]]
| Stercorarius parasiticus
| [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius parasiticus|Stercorarius parasiticus]]
| 
| 1.06 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 405
| Q207760
| [[meirleach mór]]
| [[Íomhá:GreatSkuaInWater.jpg|center|128px]]
| Stercorarius skua
| [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius skua|Stercorarius skua]]
| 111.7 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.735 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.935 cileagram
| 136 ceintiméadar
| 29 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 406
| Q212767
| [[meirleach pomairíneach]]
| [[Íomhá:Pomarine Skua ( Stercorarius pomarinus ) Adult summer ... Coatham Sands , Redcar (53247051024).jpg|center|128px]]
| Stercorarius pomarinus
| [[:commons:Category:Stercorarius pomarinus|Stercorarius pomarinus]]
| 66 gram&lt;br/&gt;648 gram&lt;br/&gt;740 gram
| 1.18 méadar
| 26 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 407
| Q131918
| [[meirliún]]
| [[Íomhá:Falco columbarius PP.jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco columbarius
| [[:commons:Category:Falco columbarius|Falco columbarius]]
| 162 gram&lt;br/&gt;212 gram
| 60 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 408
| Q184518
| [[mionchnagaire breac]]
| [[Íomhá:PicoidesMinorBack.jpg|center|128px]]
| Dryobates minor
| [[:commons:Category:Dryobates minor|Dryobates minor]]
| 
| 26 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 409
| Q27075424
| [[Mionfhuiseog ladharghearr]]
| [[Íomhá:Lesser Short-toed Lark Alaudala rufescens polatzeki, Fuerteventura.jpg|center|128px]]
| Alaudala rufescens
| [[:commons:Category:Alaudala rufescens|Alaudala rufescens]]
| 
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 410
| Q386949
| [[mionghé Afracach]]
| [[Íomhá:African pygmy goose, Nettapus auritus, at Muirhead Dams, Royal Macadamia Plantations, Machado, Limpopo, South Africa - male (26210431045) cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| Nettapus auritus
| [[:commons:Category:Nettapus auritus|Nettapus auritus]]
| 23 gram
| 
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 411
| Q191628
| [[mionghé bhánéadanach]]
| [[Íomhá:Anser erythropus MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.14.6.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anser erythropus
| [[:commons:Category:Anser erythropus|Anser erythropus]]
| 100 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.797 cileagram
| 125 ceintiméadar
| 26 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 412
| Q833243
| [[mionlacha iascán]]
| [[Íomhá:Aythya affinis.JPG|center|128px]]
| Aythya affinis
| [[:commons:Category:Aythya affinis|Aythya affinis]]
| 825 gram&lt;br/&gt;748 gram
| 72.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 413
| Q210954
| [[Steilléadar|Mionlacha lochlannach]]
| [[Íomhá:047 - STELLER'S EIDER (6-16-2016) barrow, alaska -02 (27539228164).jpg|center|128px]]
| Polysticta stelleri
| [[:commons:Category:Polysticta stelleri|Polysticta stelleri]]
| 58 gram&lt;br/&gt;807 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 414
| Q28000
| [[mionladhrán buí]]
| [[Íomhá:Lesser Yellowlegs.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tringa flavipes
| [[:commons:Category:Tringa flavipes|Tringa flavipes]]
| 17.4 gram&lt;br/&gt;81 gram
| 61.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 415
| Q229408
| [[mionphocaire gaoithe]]
| [[Íomhá:A Lesser Kestrel on a Weak Perch (49591372658).jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco naumanni
| [[:commons:Category:Falco naumanni|Falco naumanni]]
| 16 gram&lt;br/&gt;148 gram&lt;br/&gt;170 gram
| 0.65 méadar
| 27 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 416
| Q239393
| [[mionscréachán liath]]
| [[Íomhá:Lesser Grey Shrike by Daniel Bastaja.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lanius minor
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius minor|Lanius minor]]
| 4.3 gram&lt;br/&gt;46 gram
| 
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 417
| Q191155
| [[mionulchabhán Eoráiseach]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) Białowieza.jpg|center|128px]]
| Glaucidium passerinum
| [[:commons:Category:Glaucidium passerinum|Glaucidium passerinum]]
| 8.3 gram&lt;br/&gt;58 gram&lt;br/&gt;73 gram
| 35 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 418
| Q742818
| [[monál Himiléach]]
| [[Íomhá:Himalayan Monal Adult Female Tungnath Rudraprayag Uttarakhand India 14.06.2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lophophorus impejanus
| [[:commons:Category:Lophophorus impejanus|Lophophorus impejanus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 419
| Q242851
| [[musclacha]]
| [[Íomhá:Muskovy duck (Cairina moschata).JPG|center|128px]]
| Cairina moschata
| [[:commons:Category:Cairina moschata|Cairina moschata]]
| 74 gram&lt;br/&gt;3 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.25 cileagram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 420
| Q116667
| [[Míona coiteann|míona]]
| [[Íomhá:Common Myna in Rabindra Sarobar February 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Acridotheres tristis
| [[:commons:Category:Acridotheres tristis|Acridotheres tristis]]
| 7.1 gram
| 0.378 méadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 421
| Q180835
| [[mórcheolaire giolcaí]]
| [[Íomhá:Drosselrohrsänger Great reed warbler.jpg|center|128px]]
| Acrocephalus arundinaceus
| [[:commons:Category:Acrocephalus arundinaceus|Acrocephalus arundinaceus]]
| 3.15 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 422
| Q26209
| [[mórchnagaire breac]]
| [[Íomhá:Dendrocopos major EM1B2679 (35219263071).jpg|center|128px]]
| Dendrocopos major
| [[:commons:Category:Dendrocopos major|Dendrocopos major]]
| 5.7 gram&lt;br/&gt;89 gram
| 36 ceintiméadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 423
| Q333796
| [[Éigrit mhór ghorm|Mórchorr ghorm]]
| [[Íomhá:Great blue heron in GWC (21718).jpg|center|128px]]
| Ardea herodias
| [[:commons:Category:Ardea herodias|Ardea herodias]]
| 2.48 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.11 cileagram
| 183 ceintiméadar
| 27 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 424
| Q665363
| [[mórchuach bhreac]]
| [[Íomhá:Clamator glandarius (juvenile).jpg|center|128px]]
| Clamator glandarius
| [[:commons:Category:Clamator glandarius|Clamator glandarius]]
| 9.85 gram&lt;br/&gt;169 gram&lt;br/&gt;138 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 425
| Q476356
| [[Sléibhín Pallas|mórfhaoileán ceanndubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Larus ichthyaetus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
| [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus|Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus]]
| 112 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.599 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.189 cileagram
| 161 ceintiméadar
| 25 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 426
| Q184508
| [[mórscréachán liath]]
| [[Íomhá:Great Grey Shrike in Bhigwan August 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lanius excubitor
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius excubitor|Lanius excubitor]]
| 63.4 gram
| 32 ceintiméadar
| 16 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 427
| Q81515
| [[mórulchabhán cluasach]]
| [[Íomhá:Bubo virginianus -Canada-6.jpg|center|128px]]
| Bubo virginianus
| [[:commons:Category:Bubo virginianus|Bubo virginianus]]
| 
| 1.34 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 428
| Q25692
| [[naoscach]]
| [[Íomhá:Bekassine (Blick nach oben).jpg|center|128px]]
| Gallinago gallinago
| [[:commons:Category:Gallinago gallinago|Gallinago gallinago]]
| 111 gram&lt;br/&gt;128 gram
| 0.52 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 429
| Q26711
| [[naoscach bhídeach]]
| [[Íomhá:Lymnocryptes minimus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lymnocryptes minimus
| [[:commons:Category:Lymnocryptes minimus|Lymnocryptes minimus]]
| 53.7 gram&lt;br/&gt;46.7 gram
| 40 ceintiméadar
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 430
| Q687695
| [[néné]]
| [[Íomhá:Branta sandvicensis -Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii, USA-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Branta sandvicensis
| [[:commons:Category:Branta sandvicensis|Branta sandvicensis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 431
| Q1193048
| [[Gearg choille scornáin|Odontophorus strophium]]
| [[Íomhá:Odontophorus strophium - 1820-1863 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ17100201 (cropped).tif|center|128px]]
| Odontophorus strophium
| [[:commons:Category:Odontophorus strophium|Odontophorus strophium]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 432
| Q188660
| [[Opisthocomus hoazin]]
| [[Íomhá:Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) Rio Napo.jpg|center|128px]]
| Opisthocomus hoazin
| [[:commons:Category:Opisthocomus hoazin|Opisthocomus hoazin]]
| 
| 
| 31 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 433
| Q279939
| [[Oxyura maccoa]]
| [[Íomhá:Oxyura maccoa.jpg|center|128px]]
| Oxyura maccoa
| [[:commons:Category:Oxyura maccoa|Oxyura maccoa]]
| 96 gram&lt;br/&gt;820 gram&lt;br/&gt;554 gram
| 
| 26 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 434
| Q27075910
| [[parúl tuaisceartach]]
| [[Íomhá:Northern parula (81098).jpg|center|128px]]
| Setophaga americana
| [[:commons:Category:Setophaga americana|Setophaga americana]]
| 1.26 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 435
| Q26106
| [[Patraisc choiteann|patraisc]]
| [[Íomhá:Nurmkana (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Perdix perdix
| [[:commons:Category:Perdix perdix|Perdix perdix]]
| 
| 46 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 436
| Q733777
| [[patraisc bhroinnliath]]
| [[Íomhá:Lossy-page1-2929px-Perdix personata - 1820-1863 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ17100109.png|center|128px]]
| Arborophila orientalis
| [[:commons:Category:Arborophila orientalis|Arborophila orientalis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 437
| Q754863
| [[patraisc chosdearg]]
| [[Íomhá:AlectorisRufa.jpg|center|128px]]
| Alectoris rufa
| [[:commons:Category:Alectoris rufa|Alectoris rufa]]
| 20.1 gram
| 48 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 438
| Q194043
| [[patraisc thiucair]]
| [[Íomhá:Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) (39660989151).jpg|center|128px]]
| Alectoris chukar
| [[:commons:Category:Alectoris chukar|Alectoris chukar]]
| 650 gram&lt;br/&gt;565 gram&lt;br/&gt;22.5 gram
| 51 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 439
| Q168748
| [[Peannaire (éan)|peannaire]]
| [[Íomhá:Secretario (Sagittarius serpentarius), parque nacional de Amboseli, Kenia, 2024-05-23, DD 13.jpg|center|128px]]
| Sagittarius serpentarius
| [[:commons:Category:Sagittarius serpentarius|Sagittarius serpentarius]]
| 130 gram&lt;br/&gt;4.052 cileagram
| 203 ceintiméadar
| 44 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 440
| Q208060
| [[pearaicít rósbhráisléadach]]
| [[Íomhá:African Rose-ringed Parakeet, Tamanrasset, Algeria 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Psittacula krameri
| [[:commons:Category:Psittacula krameri|Psittacula krameri]]
| 
| 45 ceintiméadar
| 23 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 441
| Q220328
| [[pearóid liath Afracach]]
| [[Íomhá:Perroquet à Yampopo Beach - Douala.jpg|center|128px]]
| Psittacus erithacus
| [[:commons:Category:Psittacus erithacus|Psittacus erithacus]]
| 18.7 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 442
| Q199427
| [[peileacán bán]]
| [[Íomhá:Great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus).jpg|center|128px]]
| Pelecanus onocrotalus
| [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus onocrotalus|Pelecanus onocrotalus]]
| 180 gram&lt;br/&gt;11.45 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;7.59 cileagram
| 2.91 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 443
| Q184751
| [[peileacán Dalmátach]]
| [[Íomhá:Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN6899 (3).jpg|center|128px]]
| Pelecanus crispus
| [[:commons:Category:Pelecanus crispus|Pelecanus crispus]]
| 
| 320 ceintiméadar
| 32 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 444
| Q385891
| [[piasún cír]]
| [[Íomhá:Cheer Pheasant.jpg|center|128px]]
| Catreus wallichii
| [[:commons:Category:Catreus wallichii|Catreus wallichii]]
| 1.525 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.13 cileagram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 445
| Q25307
| [[Snag breac|Pica pica]]
| [[Íomhá:Eurasian magpie (10860).jpg|center|128px]]
| Pica pica
| [[:commons:Category:Pica pica|Pica pica]]
| 9.9 gram&lt;br/&gt;221 gram&lt;br/&gt;191 gram
| 56 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 446
| Q25392
| [[pilibín]]
| [[Íomhá:Northern-Lapwing-Vanellus-vanellus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Vanellus vanellus
| [[:commons:Category:Vanellus vanellus|Vanellus vanellus]]
| 25.5 gram
| 0.75 méadar&lt;br/&gt;69.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 447
| Q279307
| [[pilibín ealtúil]]
| [[Íomhá:Sociable Lapwing, Korgalzhynskiy, Kazakhstan 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Vanellus gregarius
| [[:commons:Category:Vanellus gregarius|Vanellus gregarius]]
| 26.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;252 gram&lt;br/&gt;200 gram
| 70 ceintiméadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 448
| Q161829
| [[piongain impireach]]
| [[Íomhá:202501 Emperor penguin.svg|center|128px]]
| Aptenodytes forsteri
| [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes forsteri|Aptenodytes forsteri]]
| 425 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 449
| Q494544
| [[Corr bheag|Platalea minor]]
| [[Íomhá:Platalea minor okinawa.jpg|center|128px]]
| Platalea minor
| [[:commons:Category:Platalea minor|Platalea minor]]
| 
| 110 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 450
| Q26490
| [[Pocaire gaoithe coiteann|pocaire gaoithe]]
| [[Íomhá:Common kestrel falco tinnunculus.jpg|center|128px]]
| Falco tinnunculus
| [[:commons:Category:Falco tinnunculus|Falco tinnunculus]]
| 201 gram
| 0.73 méadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 451
| Q187902
| [[Cearcóg chorcra|Porphyrio porphyrio]]
| [[Íomhá:Purpurhuhn.jpg|center|128px]]
| Porphyrio porphyrio
| [[:commons:Category:Porphyrio porphyrio|Porphyrio porphyrio]]
| 
| 
| 25 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 452
| Q25700
| [[praslacha]]
| [[Íomhá:Common Teal Male (8602525826).jpg|center|128px]]
| Anas crecca
| [[:commons:Category:Anas crecca|Anas crecca]]
| 
| 0.59 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 453
| Q331447
| [[praslacha mharmarach]]
| [[Íomhá:Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris) RWD2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Marmaronetta angustirostris
| [[:commons:Category:Marmaronetta angustirostris|Marmaronetta angustirostris]]
| 562 gram&lt;br/&gt;492 gram
| 65 ceintiméadar
| 26 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 454
| Q695729
| [[pratancól dubheiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Black-winged pratincole (Glareola nordmanni) at Mkhombo Dam, Mpumalanga (36861637734).jpg|center|128px]]
| Glareola nordmanni
| [[:commons:Category:Glareola nordmanni|Glareola nordmanni]]
| 11 gram&lt;br/&gt;97 gram
| 64 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 455
| Q330310
| [[pratancól muinceach]]
| [[Íomhá:Collared pratincole (Glareola pratincola).jpg|center|128px]]
| Glareola pratincola
| [[:commons:Category:Glareola pratincola|Glareola pratincola]]
| 10.1 gram&lt;br/&gt;77 gram
| 65 ceintiméadar
| 18 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 456
| Q1262047
| [[Seabhac droimliath|Pseudastur occidentalis]]
| [[Íomhá:Gray-backed Hawk - South-Ecuador S4E8637 (15478568822).jpg|center|128px]]
| Pseudastur occidentalis
| [[:commons:Category:Pseudastur occidentalis|Pseudastur occidentalis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 457
| Q643836
| [[Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]]
| [[Íomhá:Alpenkrähe-Pyrrhocorax.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
| [[:commons:Category:Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax|Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]]
| 312 gram&lt;br/&gt;263 gram
| 82 ceintiméadar
| 17 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 458
| Q244350
| [[póiseard cíordhearg]]
| [[Íomhá:Netta rufina - Jona (SG) Stampf 2011-04-24 15-55-58.jpg|center|128px]]
| Netta rufina
| [[:commons:Category:Netta rufina|Netta rufina]]
| 56 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.115 cileagram
| 87 ceintiméadar
| 27 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 459
| Q642685
| [[riabhóg chladaigh]]
| [[Íomhá:2015-04-22 Anthus petrosus, Portsoy.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anthus petrosus
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus petrosus|Anthus petrosus]]
| 
| 25 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 460
| Q143313
| [[riabhóg choille]]
| [[Íomhá:2015-04-21 Anthus trivialis, Abernethy Forest 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anthus trivialis
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus trivialis|Anthus trivialis]]
| 22 gram&lt;br/&gt;25 gram
| 0.27 méadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 461
| Q27226
| [[riabhóg dhonn]]
| [[Íomhá:Anthus campestris-3.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anthus campestris
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus campestris|Anthus campestris]]
| 2.73 gram&lt;br/&gt;22 gram
| 
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 462
| Q26956
| [[riabhóg mhóna]]
| [[Íomhá:Meadow-Pipit.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anthus pratensis
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus pratensis|Anthus pratensis]]
| 2.06 gram
| 0.26 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 463
| Q241347
| [[riabhóg phíbrua]]
| [[Íomhá:Anthus cervinus2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anthus cervinus
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus cervinus|Anthus cervinus]]
| 2.01 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 464
| Q208707
| [[riabhóg uisce]]
| [[Íomhá:Anthus spinoletta - Water Pipit, Kahramanmaraş 2016-11-18 01-10.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anthus spinoletta
| [[:commons:Category:Anthus spinoletta|Anthus spinoletta]]
| 2.73 gram
| 26 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 465
| Q179367
| [[rollóir Eorpach]]
| [[Íomhá:Coracias garrulus in Shirahmad wildlife refuge of Sabzevar 001.jpg|center|128px]]
| Coracias garrulus
| [[:commons:Category:Coracias garrulus|Coracias garrulus]]
| 
| 
| 18 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 466
| Q927358
| [[rowi]]
| [[Íomhá:Okarito kiwi 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Apteryx rowi
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx rowi|Apteryx rowi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 467
| Q28122714
| [[rufachán]]
| [[Íomhá:Philomachus pugnaxRuffKampfläufer.JPG|center|128px]]
| Calidris pugnax
| [[:commons:Category:Calidris pugnax|Calidris pugnax]]
| 21 gram&lt;br/&gt;170 gram&lt;br/&gt;102 gram
| 
| 21 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 468
| Q185099
| [[rálóg uisce]]
| [[Íomhá:Wasserralle Bodensee.jpg|center|128px]]
| Rallus aquaticus
| [[:commons:Category:Rallus aquaticus|Rallus aquaticus]]
| 125 gram&lt;br/&gt;98 gram
| 42 ceintiméadar
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 469
| Q25383
| [[rí rua]]
| [[Íomhá:Fringilla coelebs (5577610542).jpg|center|128px]]
| Fringilla coelebs
| [[:commons:Category:Fringilla coelebs|Fringilla coelebs]]
| 2.16 gram&lt;br/&gt;22 gram
| 0.26 méadar
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 470
| Q182209
| [[rí-phiongain]]
| [[Íomhá:King Penguins on Saunders Island (5586254113).jpg|center|128px]]
| Aptenodytes patagonicus
| [[:commons:Category:Aptenodytes patagonicus|Aptenodytes patagonicus]]
| 306 gram&lt;br/&gt;12.8 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;11.5 cileagram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 471
| Q130933
| [[Rí-ulchabhán Eoráiseach|rí-ulchabhán]]
| [[Íomhá:Hubro (Bubo bubo).JPG|center|128px]]
| Bubo bubo
| [[:commons:Category:Bubo bubo|Bubo bubo]]
| 80 gram&lt;br/&gt;2.38 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.992 cileagram
| 174 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 472
| Q1273551
| [[rí-ulchabhán beag]]
| [[Íomhá:PseudoptynxGurneyiSmit.jpg|center|128px]]
| Otus gurneyi
| [[:commons:Category:Otus gurneyi|Otus gurneyi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 473
| Q819706
| [[Carpodacus rubicilla|rósghlasán mór Cugasach]]
| [[Íomhá:Great Rosefinch North Sikkim India 15.10.2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| Carpodacus rubicilla
| [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus rubicilla|Carpodacus rubicilla]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 474
| Q46143
| [[rósghlasán scarlóideach]]
| [[Íomhá:Carpodacus erythrinus 20060623.jpg|center|128px]]
| Carpodacus erythrinus
| [[:commons:Category:Carpodacus erythrinus|Carpodacus erythrinus]]
| 
| 26 ceintiméadar
| 11 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 475
| Q25386
| [[rúcach]]
| [[Íomhá:Corvus frugilegus -Dartmoor, Devon, England-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Corvus frugilegus
| [[:commons:Category:Corvus frugilegus|Corvus frugilegus]]
| 489 gram&lt;br/&gt;418 gram
| 0.93 méadar
| 16 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 476
| Q25777
| [[sacán]]
| [[Íomhá:Björktrast (Turdus pilaris)-4.jpg|center|128px]]
| Turdus pilaris
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus pilaris|Turdus pilaris]]
| 6.8 gram&lt;br/&gt;105 gram
| 0.42 méadar
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 477
| Q201300
| [[sceadach]]
| [[Íomhá:Velvet Scoter, Eyebrook Reservoir, Leics.jpg|center|128px]]
| Melanitta fusca
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta fusca|Melanitta fusca]]
| 1.762 cileagram
| 0.97 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 478
| Q178821
| [[scodalach dubheiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Himantopus himantopus - Pak Thale.jpg|center|128px]]
| Himantopus himantopus
| [[:commons:Category:Himantopus himantopus|Himantopus himantopus]]
| 21.8 gram&lt;br/&gt;160 gram
| 
| 25 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 479
| Q752678
| [[Scréachán isibéalach|scréachán banbhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Basai Wetland Gurgaon DSC9380 Isabelline shrike.JPG|center|128px]]
| Lanius isabellinus
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius isabellinus|Lanius isabellinus]]
| 30 gram
| 
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 480
| Q235052
| [[scréachán coille]]
| [[Íomhá:Lanius senator01 new.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lanius senator
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius senator|Lanius senator]]
| 3.4 gram
| 
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 481
| Q26671
| [[scréachán droimrua]]
| [[Íomhá:Lanius collurio - Red-backed shrike 09.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lanius collurio
| [[:commons:Category:Lanius collurio|Lanius collurio]]
| 3.15 gram
| 26 ceintiméadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 482
| Q25354
| [[scréachóg]]
| [[Íomhá:Garrulus glandarius - Eurasian Jay 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Garrulus glandarius
| [[:commons:Category:Garrulus glandarius|Garrulus glandarius]]
| 8.5 gram
| 0.54 méadar
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 483
| Q80858
| [[scréachóg liath]]
| [[Íomhá:Canada jay (53737791802).jpg|center|128px]]
| Perisoreus canadensis
| [[:commons:Category:Perisoreus canadensis|Perisoreus canadensis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 484
| Q25317
| [[scréachóg reilige]]
| [[Íomhá:Tyto alba tylluan wen detail.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tyto alba
| [[:commons:Category:Tyto alba|Tyto alba]]
| 580 gram
| 0.9 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 485
| Q27434
| [[Scótar coiteann|Scótar]]
| [[Íomhá:Männliche Trauerente (Melanitta nigra) - Spiekeroog, Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer.jpg|center|128px]]
| Melanitta nigra
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta nigra|Melanitta nigra]]
| 
| 0.85 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 486
| Q2020137
| [[Scótar báneiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Melanitta deglandi, female, Toronto.jpg|center|128px]]
| Melanitta deglandi
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta deglandi|Melanitta deglandi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 487
| Q529048
| [[Scótar Meiriceánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Melanitta americana Barnegat NJ.jpg|center|128px]]
| Melanitta americana
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta americana|Melanitta americana]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 488
| Q742468
| [[scótar toinne]]
| [[Íomhá:Melanitta perspicillata female.jpg|center|128px]]
| Melanitta perspicillata
| [[:commons:Category:Melanitta perspicillata|Melanitta perspicillata]]
| 62 gram&lt;br/&gt;1 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;900 gram
| 84 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 489
| Q943329
| [[Tuirne lín Meiriceánach|seabhac oíche Meiriceánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Chordeiles minor -British Columbia -Canada-8c.jpg|center|128px]]
| Chordeiles minor
| [[:commons:Category:Chordeiles minor|Chordeiles minor]]
| 79.3 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 490
| Q606755
| [[Speirsheabhac Seapánach|seabhac Seapánach]]
| [[Íomhá:ツミ.jpg|center|128px]]
| Accipiter gularis
| [[:commons:Category:Accipiter gularis|Accipiter gularis]]
| 
| 52 ceintiméadar
| 26 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 491
| Q234722
| [[Iolar Bonelli|seabhaciolar]]
| [[Íomhá:Bonelli's Eagle.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aquila fasciata
| [[:commons:Category:Aquila fasciata|Aquila fasciata]]
| 1.82 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.56 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;112 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 492
| Q25761
| [[seil-lacha]]
| [[Íomhá:2014-04-18 Tadorna tadorna pair, Swallow Pond.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tadorna tadorna
| [[:commons:Category:Tadorna tadorna|Tadorna tadorna]]
| 78 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.261 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.043 cileagram
| 112 ceintiméadar
| 30 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 493
| Q170723
| [[seil-lacha rua]]
| [[Íomhá:Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea)- Female at Bharatpur I IMG 5336.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tadorna ferruginea
| [[:commons:Category:Tadorna ferruginea|Tadorna ferruginea]]
| 83 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.36 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.1 cileagram
| 133 ceintiméadar
| 28 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 494
| Q621833
| [[seirín ceanndubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Serinus pusillus - Red-fronted serin 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Serinus pusillus
| [[:commons:Category:Serinus pusillus|Serinus pusillus]]
| 1.43 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 495
| Q27461190
| [[Praslacha Bhaikalach|Sibirionetta formosa]]
| [[Íomhá:Anas.formosa.4.jpg|center|128px]]
| Sibirionetta formosa
| [[:commons:Category:Sibirionetta formosa|Sibirionetta formosa]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 496
| Q27075864
| [[siscín]]
| [[Íomhá:Carduelis spinus male.jpg|center|128px]]
| Spinus spinus
| [[:commons:Category:Spinus spinus|Spinus spinus]]
| 1.29 gram&lt;br/&gt;13.8 gram
| 0.21 méadar
| 12 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 497
| Q25634
| [[sléibhín]]
| [[Íomhá:Black-headed Gull - St James's Park, London - Nov 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
| Chroicocephalus ridibundus
| [[:commons:Category:Chroicocephalus ridibundus|Chroicocephalus ridibundus]]
| 294 gram&lt;br/&gt;267 gram
| 0.97 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 498
| Q164467
| [[sléibhín beag]]
| [[Íomhá:Bird Yyterin lietteet 4.jpg|center|128px]]
| Hydrocoloeus minutus
| [[:commons:Category:Hydrocoloeus minutus|Hydrocoloeus minutus]]
| 98 gram
| 78 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 499
| Q276189
| [[sléibhín Meánmhuirí]]
| [[Íomhá:2013-08-01 Ichthyaetus melanocephalus, Brierdene, Whitley Bay, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ichthyaetus melanocephalus
| [[:commons:Category:Ichthyaetus melanocephalus|Ichthyaetus melanocephalus]]
| 
| 96 ceintiméadar
| 24 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 500
| Q843175
| [[smólach breacdhorcha]]
| [[Íomhá:Turdus naumanni naumanni.jpg|center|128px]]
| Turdus naumanni
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus naumanni|Turdus naumanni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 501
| Q26349
| [[smólach ceoil]]
| [[Íomhá:Song thrush (Turdus philomelos philomelos).jpg|center|128px]]
| Turdus philomelos
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus philomelos|Turdus philomelos]]
| 6 gram&lt;br/&gt;72 gram
| 0.36 méadar
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 502
| Q80780
| [[smólach píbdhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:A dark-throated Thrush female - Dhanachuli, Uttarakhand India.jpg|center|128px]]
| Turdus atrogularis
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus atrogularis|Turdus atrogularis]]
| 
| 
| 11 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 503
| Q1591651
| [[Smólach ordúil|smólach rua-eiteach]]
| [[Íomhá:Turdus eunomus s3.jpg|center|128px]]
| Turdus eunomus
| [[:commons:Category:Turdus eunomus|Turdus eunomus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 504
| Q258964
| [[smólach Sibéarach]]
| [[Íomhá:Geokichla sibirica, Slyudyansky Raion, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Geokichla sibirica
| [[:commons:Category:Geokichla sibirica|Geokichla sibirica]]
| 60 gram&lt;br/&gt;70 gram
| 
| 10 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 505
| Q796672
| [[Éan oighinn|smólach talún]]
| [[Íomhá:Ovenbird (90497).jpg|center|128px]]
| Seiurus aurocapilla
| [[:commons:Category:Seiurus aurocapilla|Seiurus aurocapilla]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 506
| Q949662
| [[smólach White]]
| [[Íomhá:Zoothera aurea, Hong Kong 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Zoothera aurea
| [[:commons:Category:Zoothera aurea|Zoothera aurea]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 507
| Q193593
| [[Snag coiteann|snag]]
| [[Íomhá:Certhia familiaris 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| Certhia familiaris
| [[:commons:Category:Certhia familiaris|Certhia familiaris]]
| 9.95 gram
| 19 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 508
| Q125895
| [[Reathaí ladharghearr|snag ladharghearr]]
| [[Íomhá:Short-toed treecreeper (Certhia brachydactyla brachydactyla).jpg|center|128px]]
| Certhia brachydactyla
| [[:commons:Category:Certhia brachydactyla|Certhia brachydactyla]]
| 1.16 gram&lt;br/&gt;8.4 gram
| 
| 14 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 509
| Q28106731
| [[Spadalach tuaisceartach|spadalghob]]
| [[Íomhá:Northern Shoveler-Anas clypeata female.jpg|center|128px]]
| Spatula clypeata
| [[:commons:Category:Spatula clypeata|Spatula clypeata]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 510
| Q28106902
| [[Praslacha shamhraidh|Spatula querquedula]]
| [[Íomhá:Anas querquedula, Llobregat Delta, Barcelona 6.jpg|center|128px]]
| Spatula querquedula
| [[:commons:Category:Spatula querquedula|Spatula querquedula]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 511
| Q25334
| [[Spideog bhroinndearg|spideog]]
| [[Íomhá:Erithacus rubecula with cocked head.jpg|center|128px]]
| Erithacus rubecula
| [[:commons:Category:Erithacus rubecula|Erithacus rubecula]]
| 2.4 gram
| 21 ceintiméadar
| 15 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 512
| Q557745
| [[spideog phíb-bhán]]
| [[Íomhá:Berkute (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Irania gutturalis
| [[:commons:Category:Irania gutturalis|Irania gutturalis]]
| 2.66 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 513
| Q25380
| [[spioróg]]
| [[Íomhá:Accipiter nisus Meneer Zjeroen.jpg|center|128px]]
| Accipiter nisus
| [[:commons:Category:Accipiter nisus|Accipiter nisus]]
| 110 gram&lt;br/&gt;22.5 gram&lt;br/&gt;150 gram&lt;br/&gt;290 gram
| 0.67 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 514
| Q114338
| [[spioróg Leiveantach]]
| [[Íomhá:Accipiter brevipes, male.jpg|center|128px]]
| Accipiter brevipes
| [[:commons:Category:Accipiter brevipes|Accipiter brevipes]]
| 
| 0.7 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 515
| Q137474876
| [[Spioróg mhór]]
| [[Íomhá:Northern Goshawk ad M2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Astur gentilis
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 516
| Q25421
| [[spágaire tonn]]
| [[Íomhá:Little Grebe - Tachybaptus ruficollis 15-1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tachybaptus ruficollis
| [[:commons:Category:Tachybaptus ruficollis|Tachybaptus ruficollis]]
| 13.7 gram
| 42 ceintiméadar
| 20 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 517
| Q753741
| [[Gaineamhchearc bhiorearrach|steipcholúr biorearrach]]
| [[Íomhá:Pterocles alchata (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| Pterocles alchata
| [[:commons:Category:Pterocles alchata|Pterocles alchata]]
| 25 gram&lt;br/&gt;250 gram&lt;br/&gt;225 gram
| 59.5 ceintiméadar
| 21 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 518
| Q383182
| [[Gaineamhchearc bholgdhubh|steipcholúr tarrdhubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Pterocles orientalis 1921.jpg|center|128px]]
| Pterocles orientalis
| [[:commons:Category:Pterocles orientalis|Pterocles orientalis]]
| 28 gram&lt;br/&gt;428 gram&lt;br/&gt;383 gram
| 71.5 ceintiméadar
| 23 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 519
| Q25352
| [[storc bán]]
| [[Íomhá:00 4439 Storchennest mit Küken.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ciconia ciconia
| [[:commons:Category:Ciconia ciconia|Ciconia ciconia]]
| 110 gram
| 1.91 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 520
| Q25398
| [[storc dubh]]
| [[Íomhá:Ciconia nigra -Kruger National Park-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ciconia nigra
| [[:commons:Category:Ciconia nigra|Ciconia nigra]]
| 
| 1.5 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 521
| Q616393
| [[Ulchabhán mínlíneach|Strix leptogrammica]]
| [[Íomhá:Brown Wood Owl (14157347364).jpg|center|128px]]
| Strix leptogrammica
| [[:commons:Category:Strix leptogrammica|Strix leptogrammica]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 522
| Q17592
| [[Struthio|Struthio camelus]]
| [[Íomhá:North African Ostrich - Masai Ostrich (Struthio camelus massaicus) - Flickr - Lip Kee.jpg|center|128px]]
| Struthio camelus
| [[:commons:Category:Struthio camelus|Struthio camelus]]
| 1.5 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;115 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;100 cileagram
| 
| 42 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 523
| Q27043839
| [[Gearg Shíneach|Synoicus chinensis]]
| [[Íomhá:Synoicus chinensis chinensis, Tanglin, Singapore 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Synoicus chinensis
| [[:commons:Category:Synoicus chinensis|Synoicus chinensis]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 524
| Q192524
| [[séirín Canárach]]
| [[Íomhá:Serinus canaria -Parque Rural del Nublo, Gran Canaria, Spain -male-8a.jpg|center|128px]]
| Serinus canaria
| [[:commons:Category:Serinus canaria|Serinus canaria]]
| 1.54 gram&lt;br/&gt;15.3 gram
| 
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 525
| Q26135
| [[síodeiteach Boihéamach]]
| [[Íomhá:Bohemian waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus), Uitkerke, Belgium (16366736689).jpg|center|128px]]
| Bombycilla garrulus
| [[:commons:Category:Bombycilla garrulus|Bombycilla garrulus]]
| 
| 34 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 526
| Q1084995
| [[Estrilda melpoda|síodghob leiceann flannbhuí]]
| [[Íomhá:Orange-Cheeked Waxbill zackandzill.jpg|center|128px]]
| Estrilda melpoda
| [[:commons:Category:Estrilda melpoda|Estrilda melpoda]]
| 0.68 gram&lt;br/&gt;7.8 gram
| 
| 11 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 527
| Q26452
| [[Síolghé thaiga|síolghé]]
| [[Íomhá:Anser fabalis fabalis (Taiga Bean Goose), Naturschutzgebiet Schellbruch, Lübeck, Germany.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anser fabalis
| [[:commons:Category:Anser fabalis|Anser fabalis]]
| 146 gram&lt;br/&gt;3.198 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.843 cileagram
| 1.62 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 528
| Q673280
| [[síolghé thundra]]
| [[Íomhá:101777 豆雁來臨.jpg|center|128px]]
| Anser serrirostris
| [[:commons:Category:Anser serrirostris|Anser serrirostris]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 529
| Q241349
| [[Síolta chochaill|Síolta chochallach]]
| [[Íomhá:Hooded merganser female in CP (40676).jpg|center|128px]]
| Lophodytes cucullatus
| [[:commons:Category:Lophodytes cucullatus|Lophodytes cucullatus]]
| 
| 63 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 530
| Q200646
| [[síolta gheal]]
| [[Íomhá:Mergellus albellus, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Mergellus albellus
| [[:commons:Category:Mergellus albellus|Mergellus albellus]]
| 42 gram&lt;br/&gt;652 gram&lt;br/&gt;568 gram
| 62 ceintiméadar
| 27 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 531
| Q180991
| [[síolta mhór]]
| [[Íomhá:Female Mergus merganser americanus at Las Gallinas Wildlife Ponds.jpg|center|128px]]
| Mergus merganser
| [[:commons:Category:Mergus merganser|Mergus merganser]]
| 1.709 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;1.232 cileagram
| 0.93 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 532
| Q189609
| [[síolta rua]]
| [[Íomhá:Merganser (53630992394).jpg|center|128px]]
| Mergus serrator
| [[:commons:Category:Mergus serrator|Mergus serrator]]
| 72 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.135 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;908 gram
| 0.87 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 533
| Q205930
| [[tarmachan]]
| [[Íomhá:Lagopus muta2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Lagopus muta
| [[:commons:Category:Lagopus muta|Lagopus muta]]
| 665 gram&lt;br/&gt;555 gram
| 57 ceintiméadar
| 22 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 534
| Q218543
| [[Corr thíograch chíorbhán|Tigriornis leucolopha]]
| [[Íomhá:White-crested Tiger-Heron - Ankasa - Ghana 14 S4E2068 (16010535898).jpg|center|128px]]
| Tigriornis leucolopha
| [[:commons:Category:Tigriornis leucolopha|Tigriornis leucolopha]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 535
| Q185784
| [[tiuf-teaf]]
| [[Íomhá:Chiff Chaff (13324838524).jpg|center|128px]]
| Phylloscopus collybita
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus collybita|Phylloscopus collybita]]
| 
| 18 ceintiméadar
| 13 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 536
| Q3729103
| [[Ceolaire Sindeach|tiuf-teaf sléibhe]]
| [[Íomhá:Phylloscopus sindianus 1889.jpg|center|128px]]
| Phylloscopus sindianus
| [[:commons:Category:Phylloscopus sindianus|Phylloscopus sindianus]]
| 7 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 537
| Q667778
| [[tokoeka]]
| [[Íomhá:Tokoeka.jpg|center|128px]]
| Apteryx australis
| [[:commons:Category:Apteryx australis|Apteryx australis]]
| 2.208 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;2.535 cileagram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 538
| Q607027
| [[torspideog ruadhonn]]
| [[Íomhá:Agrobate roux au Parc National de l'Ichkeul (Tunisia), crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| Cercotrichas galactotes
| [[:commons:Category:Cercotrichas galactotes|Cercotrichas galactotes]]
| 3.2 gram&lt;br/&gt;22.7 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 539
| Q26017
| [[traonach]]
| [[Íomhá:Corncrake2.jpg|center|128px]]
| Crex crex
| [[:commons:Category:Crex crex|Crex crex]]
| 13.2 gram
| 50 ceintiméadar
| 17 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 540
| Q26717
| [[Tuirne lín Eorpach|tuirne lín]]
| [[Íomhá:Caprimulgus europaeus g.JPG|center|128px]]
| Caprimulgus europaeus
| [[:commons:Category:Caprimulgus europaeus|Caprimulgus europaeus]]
| 
| 60 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 541
| Q129958
| [[ulchabhán beag]]
| [[Íomhá:Athene noctua, Ambula, Montenegro 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| Athene noctua
| [[:commons:Category:Athene noctua|Athene noctua]]
| 
| 56 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 542
| Q174466
| [[ulchabhán bóireach]]
| [[Íomhá:Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg|center|128px]]
| Aegolius funereus
| [[:commons:Category:Aegolius funereus|Aegolius funereus]]
| 
| 56 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 543
| Q25756
| [[ulchabhán donn]]
| [[Íomhá:Kautz.jpg|center|128px]]
| Strix aluco
| [[:commons:Category:Strix aluco|Strix aluco]]
| 426 gram&lt;br/&gt;524 gram
| 99 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 544
| Q200724
| [[ulchabhán mór liath]]
| [[Íomhá:Strix nebulosa CT.jpg|center|128px]]
| Strix nebulosa
| [[:commons:Category:Strix nebulosa|Strix nebulosa]]
| 
| 1.37 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 545
| Q190083
| [[ulchabhán na hÚraile]]
| [[Íomhá:2012-11-01 Ural Owl, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.jpg|center|128px]]
| Strix uralensis
| [[:commons:Category:Strix uralensis|Strix uralensis]]
| 
| 114.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 546
| Q25769
| [[ulchabhán réisc]]
| [[Íomhá:Asio flammeus -Fazenda Campo de Ouro, Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Asio flammeus
| [[:commons:Category:Asio flammeus|Asio flammeus]]
| 
| 102 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 547
| Q171563
| [[ulchabhán scopach Eoráiseach]]
| [[Íomhá:Scops Owl (Otus scops), Kalloni, Lesvos, Greece, 19.04.2015 (16773748434).jpg|center|128px]]
| Otus scops
| [[:commons:Category:Otus scops|Otus scops]]
| 
| 58.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 548
| Q1270124
| [[ulchabhán scopach Sokoke]]
| [[Íomhá:Flickr - Rainbirder - Sokoke Scops Owl (Otus ireneae).jpg|center|128px]]
| Otus ireneae
| [[:commons:Category:Otus ireneae|Otus ireneae]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 549
| Q1256551
| [[ulchabhán seabhaic Oileán na Nollag]]
| [[Íomhá:Christmas Island Hawk Owl.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ninox natalis
| [[:commons:Category:Ninox natalis|Ninox natalis]]
| 184 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 550
| Q193192
| [[Ulchabhán seabhaic|ulchabhán seabhaic tuaisceartach]]
| [[Íomhá:Surnia-ulula-002.jpg|center|128px]]
| Surnia ulula
| [[:commons:Category:Surnia ulula|Surnia ulula]]
| 
| 76 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 551
| Q170177
| [[ulchabhán sneachtúil]]
| [[Íomhá:Bubo scandiacus male Muskegon.jpg|center|128px]]
| Bubo scandiacus
| [[:commons:Category:Bubo scandiacus|Bubo scandiacus]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 552
| Q1265138
| [[ulchabhán Soumagne]]
| [[Íomhá:Tyto soumagnei 6733815.jpg|center|128px]]
| Tyto soumagnei
| [[:commons:Category:Tyto soumagnei|Tyto soumagnei]]
| 380 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 553
| Q926291
| [[ulchabhán síofrach]]
| [[Íomhá:Elf Ow Cropped very small.jpg|center|128px]]
| Micrathene whitneyi
| [[:commons:Category:Micrathene whitneyi|Micrathene whitneyi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 554
| Q467068
| [[ulchabhán uachasach]]
| [[Íomhá:Athene cunicularia -Vale do Ribeira, Juquia, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Athene cunicularia
| [[:commons:Category:Athene cunicularia|Athene cunicularia]]
| 
| 595 millimetre
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 555
| Q207846
| [[éadar taibhseach]]
| [[Íomhá:049 - KING EIDER (6-15-2016) barrow, alaska -06 (27577003883).jpg|center|128px]]
| Somateria spectabilis
| [[:commons:Category:Somateria spectabilis|Somateria spectabilis]]
| 73 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.617 cileagram
| 0.93 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 556
| Q93208
| [[éamú]]
| [[Íomhá:Dromaius novaehollandiae (29619237017).jpg|center|128px]]
| Dromaius novaehollandiae
| [[:commons:Category:Dromaius novaehollandiae|Dromaius novaehollandiae]]
| 581.2 gram&lt;br/&gt;32.7 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;38.3 cileagram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 557
| Q131709
| [[éigrit bheag]]
| [[Íomhá:Aigrette garzette au lac sud de Tunis (site RAMSAR).jpg|center|128px]]
| Egretta garzetta
| [[:commons:Category:Egretta garzetta|Egretta garzetta]]
| 28 gram&lt;br/&gt;532 gram
| 92 ceintiméadar
| 21 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 558
| Q130730
| [[éigrit mhór]]
| [[Íomhá:Ardea alba - Sydney Olympic Park.jpg|center|128px]]
| Ardea alba
| [[:commons:Category:Ardea alba|Ardea alba]]
| 
| 1.44 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 559
| Q208763
| [[íbis bheannaithe]]
| [[Íomhá:Threskiornis aethiopicus -Mida Creek mud flats, Kenya-8.jpg|center|128px]]
| Threskiornis aethiopicus
| [[:commons:Category:Threskiornis aethiopicus|Threskiornis aethiopicus]]
| 62 gram
| 118 ceintiméadar
| 29 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 560
| Q589171
| [[íbis bhán Mheiriceánach]]
| [[Íomhá:Eudocimus albus (4111616588).jpg|center|128px]]
| Eudocimus albus
| [[:commons:Category:Eudocimus albus|Eudocimus albus]]
| 1.036 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;764 gram
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 561
| Q245414
| [[íbis mhaol thuaisceartach]]
| [[Íomhá:Geronticus eremita.jpg|center|128px]]
| Geronticus eremita
| [[:commons:Category:Geronticus eremita|Geronticus eremita]]
| 68 gram
| 
| 27 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 562
| Q178811
| [[íbis niamhrach]]
| [[Íomhá:Plegadis falcinellus Syracuse.jpg|center|128px]]
| Plegadis falcinellus
| [[:commons:Category:Plegadis falcinellus|Plegadis falcinellus]]
| 633 gram
| 0.89 méadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 563
| Q25388
| [[óiréal órga]]
| [[Íomhá:Loriot d'Europe by Michel Idre.jpg|center|128px]]
| Oriolus oriolus
| [[:commons:Category:Oriolus oriolus|Oriolus oriolus]]
| 7.3 gram
| 46 ceintiméadar
| 16 lá
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 564
| Q576762
| [[órshúileach ceannsceadach]]
| [[Íomhá:Bucephala-albeola-007.jpg|center|128px]]
| Bucephala albeola
| [[:commons:Category:Bucephala albeola|Bucephala albeola]]
| 481 gram&lt;br/&gt;367 gram
| 57 ceintiméadar
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 565
| Q369767
| [[órshúileach Íoslannach]]
| [[Íomhá:Barrow's Goldeneye Drake Seedskadee NWR (16656643482).jpg|center|128px]]
| Bucephala islandica
| [[:commons:Category:Bucephala islandica|Bucephala islandica]]
| 70 gram&lt;br/&gt;1.09 cileagram&lt;br/&gt;730 gram
| 75.5 ceintiméadar
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list/Natura 2000</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>120601</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1322550</id>
      <parentid>1321960</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T12:34:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>25319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>1322550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3337" sha1="aare3rn9kk5kt2xr6txhpiqdr5qbmet" xml:space="preserve">* Tá an focal &quot;item&quot; de dhíth ón mbot, is amhlaidh... tá!
* An eochairfhocal é &quot;Label&quot;? Is .
* Ní fheictear anseo go díreach na torthaí SQL, ach ina ionad sin, céard a dhéanann an bot leo, mar shampla ?item -&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;[[:d:?item|?item]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;


{{Wikidata list | sparql = 
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?can2000 {
  # P3425=(Comhartha) Aitheantas Nature 2000
  # P17=tír, Q27=Éire
  ?item wdt:P3425 ?can2000;
        wdt:P17 wd:Q27.

  # label
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;ga&quot;.
  }
}
| columns = number:#, label:Alt, P7959:Contae, P18:Íomhá, P3425:Natura 2000
| links = local
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! #
! Alt
! Contae
! Íomhá
! Natura 2000
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| [[Loch Iascaigh]]
| [[Contae Dhún na nGall]]
| [[Íomhá:Lough Eske sud est.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000163 IE0000163]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Íomhá:Wicklow Mountains National Park Information Office.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0002122 IE0002122]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| [[Gleann Dá Ghrua]]
| [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Íomhá:Glen walk way.JPG|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000719 IE0000719]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| [[Portach Chlóirthigh|Dúlra Phortach Chlóirthigh]]
| [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]]
| [[Íomhá:Clara bog boardwalk. 07.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000572 IE0000572]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| [[Bá Bhaile Dúill|Bá Baile Dúill]]
| [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]]
| [[Íomhá:The View from Strand Road Baldoyle - geograph.org.uk - 181928.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000199 IE0000199]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| [[An Abhainn Mhór]]
| [[Contae Phort Láirge]]
| [[Íomhá:IMG BlackwaterBridge3720rz.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0002170 IE0002170]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| [[An Sliabh Riabhach]]
| [[Contae Luimnigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Black Rock on the Ballyhoura Mountain Range - geograph.org.uk - 1103684.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0002036 IE0002036]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 8
| [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]]
| [[Contae Shligigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Lough Gara 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0004048 IE0004048]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 9
| [[Inbhear Bhaile Roiséir]]
| [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]]
| [[Íomhá:View of Rogerstown Estuary.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000208 IE0000208]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 10
| [[Loch Coirib]]
| [[Contae na Gaillimhe]]
| [[Íomhá:Loughcorrib.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0004042 IE0004042]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 11
| [[Coill Chnoc Sinche]]
| [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Íomhá:Plants on damp bankside in Knocksink woods.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000725 IE0000725]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>aare3rn9kk5kt2xr6txhpiqdr5qbmet</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322589</id>
      <parentid>1322550</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T22:22:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>25319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>1322589</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3337" sha1="bgf5l3dxkbstr46bfp39bdemdbku0x5" xml:space="preserve">* Tá an focal &quot;item&quot; de dhíth ón mbot, is amhlaidh... tá!
* An eochairfhocal é &quot;Label&quot;? Is .
* Ní fheictear anseo go díreach na torthaí SQL, ach ina ionad sin, céard a dhéanann an bot leo, mar shampla ?item -&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;[[:d:?item|?item]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;


{{Wikidata list | sparql = 
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?can2000 {
  # P3425=(Comhartha) Aitheantas Nature 2000
  # P17=tír, Q27=Éire
  ?item wdt:P3425 ?can2000;
        wdt:P17 wd:Q27.

  # label
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;ga&quot;.
  }
}
| columns = number:#, label:Alt, P7959:Contae, P18:Íomhá, P3425:Natura 2000
| links = local
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! #
! Alt
! Contae
! Íomhá
! Natura 2000
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| [[Loch Iascaigh]]
| [[Contae Dhún na nGall]]
| [[Íomhá:Lough Eske sud est.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000163 IE0000163]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| [[Portach Chlóirthigh|Dúlra Phortach Chlóirthigh]]
| [[Contae Uíbh Fhailí]]
| [[Íomhá:Clara bog boardwalk. 07.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000572 IE0000572]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| [[Bá Bhaile Dúill|Bá Baile Dúill]]
| [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]]
| [[Íomhá:The View from Strand Road Baldoyle - geograph.org.uk - 181928.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000199 IE0000199]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| [[An Abhainn Mhór]]
| [[Contae Phort Láirge]]
| [[Íomhá:IMG BlackwaterBridge3720rz.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0002170 IE0002170]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| [[Páirc Náisiúnta Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Íomhá:Wicklow Mountains National Park Information Office.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0002122 IE0002122]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| [[Gleann Dá Ghrua]]
| [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Íomhá:Glen walk way.JPG|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000719 IE0000719]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| [[An Sliabh Riabhach]]
| [[Contae Luimnigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Black Rock on the Ballyhoura Mountain Range - geograph.org.uk - 1103684.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0002036 IE0002036]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 8
| [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]]
| [[Contae Shligigh]]
| [[Íomhá:Lough Gara 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0004048 IE0004048]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 9
| [[Inbhear Bhaile Roiséir]]
| [[Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath]]
| [[Íomhá:View of Rogerstown Estuary.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000208 IE0000208]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 10
| [[Loch Coirib]]
| [[Contae na Gaillimhe]]
| [[Íomhá:Loughcorrib.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0004042 IE0004042]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 11
| [[Coill Chnoc Sinche]]
| [[Contae Chill Mhantáin]]
| [[Íomhá:Plants on damp bankside in Knocksink woods.jpg|center|128px]]
| [https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=IE0000725 IE0000725]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>bgf5l3dxkbstr46bfp39bdemdbku0x5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nárú</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>127266</id>
    <redirect title="Naoero" />
    <revision>
      <id>1322564</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T15:04:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Nárú]] go [[Naoero]]:  An t-ainm oifigiúil nua </comment>
      <origin>1322564</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23" sha1="9pz55zh28auylwofn8vf0t7wpy81lpn" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Naoero]]</text>
      <sha1>9pz55zh28auylwofn8vf0t7wpy81lpn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Míol críon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>127267</id>
    <redirect title="Oniscidea" />
    <revision>
      <id>1322566</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T15:23:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Míol críon]] go [[Oniscidea]]: i Laidin</comment>
      <origin>1322566</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" sha1="i62wvz0n9gk582f4976rybix9p21gpr" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Oniscidea]]</text>
      <sha1>i62wvz0n9gk582f4976rybix9p21gpr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iseapód</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>127268</id>
    <redirect title="Isopoda" />
    <revision>
      <id>1322576</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T18:12:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog Ériugena an leathanach [[Iseapód]] go [[Isopoda]]: Laidin</comment>
      <origin>1322576</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="eds183idxjgumknhv7yntzfx8q7qq3a" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Isopoda]]</text>
      <sha1>eds183idxjgumknhv7yntzfx8q7qq3a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mary Concepta Lynch</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>127269</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1322591</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T22:56:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe le '{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}  Múinteoir scoile agus ealaíontóir as Baile Átha Cliath ab ea '''an tSiúr''' '''Mary Concepta Lynch''', nó '''Lily Lynch''' (4 Samhain 1874 - 30 Aibreán 1939).  Sa bhliain 1920, thosaigh an tSiúr Concepta, a bhí ina bean rialta sa Chlochar Doiminiceach Naomh Muire, Dún Laoghaire, ag péinteáil na mballaí loma. Is mór an taithí a bhí aici. Rugadh í i dteaghlach cáiliúil maisitheoirí lámhscríbhinní i mBaile Átha Clia...'</comment>
      <origin>1322591</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2737" sha1="gsk44wdkfccx3x39tb9atrmmg3xz4me" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Múinteoir scoile agus ealaíontóir as Baile Átha Cliath ab ea '''an tSiúr''' '''Mary Concepta Lynch''', nó '''Lily Lynch''' (4 Samhain 1874 - 30 Aibreán 1939).

Sa bhliain 1920, thosaigh an tSiúr Concepta, a bhí ina bean rialta sa Chlochar Doiminiceach Naomh Muire, Dún Laoghaire, ag péinteáil na mballaí loma. Is mór an taithí a bhí aici. Rugadh í i dteaghlach cáiliúil maisitheoirí lámhscríbhinní i mBaile Átha Cliath. Bhí stiúideo ag a hathair ar Shráid Grafton agus mhúin sé peannaireacht, maisiú agus órú di. Tar éis a bháis in 1889, bhainistigh sí  gnó an teaghlaigh ar feadh tréimhse ghairid sular thosaigh sí leis na hOird Dhoiminiceacha i gclochar Mhuire sa bhliain 1896. Bhí ord na nDoiminiceach i nDún Laoghaire ón mbliain 1847. D’oscail siad scoil lae do chailíní óga agus go gairid ina dhiaidh sin d’oscail siad scoil chónaithe. Ord iata ab ea na Doiminicigh, rud a chiallaigh nár imigh siad amach riamh.

,  agus  chaith sí gach nóiméad saor a bhí aici ón múinteoireacht leis an obair seo ar feadh 16 bliana. Bhí sí ag obair ina haonar den chuid is mó. Mhaisigh sí gach orlach de chuid an taoibh istigh le snaidhmeanna casta ceilteacha, bíseanna, ainmhithe daite agus script Ghaelach. D’úsáid sí gnáthphéint tí agus scuaba. B’éigean an phéint a thabhairt chuici mar nach raibh cead aici imeacht as an gclochar. Cruthaíodh sárshaothar iontach i stíl athbheochan na Gaeilge. Cuireadh an dlaoi mhullaigh ar a saothar le dathanna saibhre na bhfuinneog gloine dhaite de chuid Harry Clarke.

D’oibrigh sí go minic in aireagal an-fhuar ag baint úsáid as scuaba bunúsacha agus gnáthphéint tí.  Sa bhliain 1936, b’éigean di stopadh mar gheall ar airtríteas tinn agus drochshláinte. Is dócha go raibh sin níos measa mar gheall ar an deatach ó phéint luaidhe. Fuair sí bás sa bhliain 1939 agus cuireadh í i reilig an chlochair.

Leis na teorainneacha neamhchríochnaithe in uachtar an fhoirgnimh tugtar spléachadh uathúil dúinn ar a cuid teicnící sceitseála agus stionsalála. Bhaineadh sí úsáid as dathanna láidre, oráistí, dearga, gorma , glasa agus dona, as léiriú líneach d’éin ag screadaíl, as seandachtaí ag lúbadh agus daoine ina suí beatha don chruinne seo a d’ordaigh Dia. Is minic a dhéantar comparáid idir a saothar sise agus saothar Leabhar Cheanannais i gColáiste na Tríonóide.

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Aireagal an Chroí Ró-Naofa, Dún Laoghaire]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Ealaíontóirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Mná rialta]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1939]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1874]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Dún Laoghaire]]</text>
      <sha1>gsk44wdkfccx3x39tb9atrmmg3xz4me</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322592</id>
      <parentid>1322591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T22:56:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Lily Lynch]] go [[Mary Concepta Lynch]]</comment>
      <origin>1322591</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2737" sha1="gsk44wdkfccx3x39tb9atrmmg3xz4me" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Múinteoir scoile agus ealaíontóir as Baile Átha Cliath ab ea '''an tSiúr''' '''Mary Concepta Lynch''', nó '''Lily Lynch''' (4 Samhain 1874 - 30 Aibreán 1939).

Sa bhliain 1920, thosaigh an tSiúr Concepta, a bhí ina bean rialta sa Chlochar Doiminiceach Naomh Muire, Dún Laoghaire, ag péinteáil na mballaí loma. Is mór an taithí a bhí aici. Rugadh í i dteaghlach cáiliúil maisitheoirí lámhscríbhinní i mBaile Átha Cliath. Bhí stiúideo ag a hathair ar Shráid Grafton agus mhúin sé peannaireacht, maisiú agus órú di. Tar éis a bháis in 1889, bhainistigh sí  gnó an teaghlaigh ar feadh tréimhse ghairid sular thosaigh sí leis na hOird Dhoiminiceacha i gclochar Mhuire sa bhliain 1896. Bhí ord na nDoiminiceach i nDún Laoghaire ón mbliain 1847. D’oscail siad scoil lae do chailíní óga agus go gairid ina dhiaidh sin d’oscail siad scoil chónaithe. Ord iata ab ea na Doiminicigh, rud a chiallaigh nár imigh siad amach riamh.

,  agus  chaith sí gach nóiméad saor a bhí aici ón múinteoireacht leis an obair seo ar feadh 16 bliana. Bhí sí ag obair ina haonar den chuid is mó. Mhaisigh sí gach orlach de chuid an taoibh istigh le snaidhmeanna casta ceilteacha, bíseanna, ainmhithe daite agus script Ghaelach. D’úsáid sí gnáthphéint tí agus scuaba. B’éigean an phéint a thabhairt chuici mar nach raibh cead aici imeacht as an gclochar. Cruthaíodh sárshaothar iontach i stíl athbheochan na Gaeilge. Cuireadh an dlaoi mhullaigh ar a saothar le dathanna saibhre na bhfuinneog gloine dhaite de chuid Harry Clarke.

D’oibrigh sí go minic in aireagal an-fhuar ag baint úsáid as scuaba bunúsacha agus gnáthphéint tí.  Sa bhliain 1936, b’éigean di stopadh mar gheall ar airtríteas tinn agus drochshláinte. Is dócha go raibh sin níos measa mar gheall ar an deatach ó phéint luaidhe. Fuair sí bás sa bhliain 1939 agus cuireadh í i reilig an chlochair.

Leis na teorainneacha neamhchríochnaithe in uachtar an fhoirgnimh tugtar spléachadh uathúil dúinn ar a cuid teicnící sceitseála agus stionsalála. Bhaineadh sí úsáid as dathanna láidre, oráistí, dearga, gorma , glasa agus dona, as léiriú líneach d’éin ag screadaíl, as seandachtaí ag lúbadh agus daoine ina suí beatha don chruinne seo a d’ordaigh Dia. Is minic a dhéantar comparáid idir a saothar sise agus saothar Leabhar Cheanannais i gColáiste na Tríonóide.

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Aireagal an Chroí Ró-Naofa, Dún Laoghaire]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Ealaíontóirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Mná rialta]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1939]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1874]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Dún Laoghaire]]</text>
      <sha1>gsk44wdkfccx3x39tb9atrmmg3xz4me</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1322594</id>
      <parentid>1322592</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T23:03:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>1322594</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3412" sha1="n3hcmz5mp00sqh4rtpyq20bbkerzdwh" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Múinteoir scoile agus ealaíontóir as Baile Átha Cliath ab ea '''an tSiúr''' '''Mary Concepta Lynch''', nó '''Lily Lynch''' (4 Samhain 1874 - 30 Aibreán 1939), a bhí ina bean rialta sa Chlochar Doiminiceach Naomh Muire, Dún Laoghaire.

== Saol ==
Rugadh í i dteaghlach cáiliúil maisitheoirí lámhscríbhinní i mBaile Átha Cliath. Bhí stiúideo ag a hathair ar Shráid Grafton agus mhúin sé peannaireacht, maisiú agus órú di. Tar éis a bháis in 1889, bhainistigh sí  gnó an teaghlaigh ar feadh tréimhse ghairid sular thosaigh sí leis na hOird Dhoiminiceacha i gclochar Mhuire sa bhliain 1896. Bhí ord na nDoiminiceach i nDún Laoghaire ón mbliain 1847. D’oscail siad scoil lae do chailíní óga agus go gairid ina dhiaidh sin d’oscail siad scoil chónaithe. Ord iata ab ea na Doiminicigh, rud a chiallaigh nár imigh siad amach riamh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/07/aireagal-an-chroi-ro-naofa-i-ndun-laoghaire/|teideal=Aireagal an Chroí Ró-Naofa i nDún Laoghaire|údar=Nuala Holloway|dáta=2026-07-31|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tógadh an t-aAireagal an Chroí Ró-Naofa  i ngairdíní Chlochar Doiminiceach Naomh Muire sa bhliain 1919.  Ansin thosaigh an tSiúr Concepta ag péinteáil na mballaí loma.   Chaith sí gach nóiméad saor a bhí aici ón múinteoireacht leis an obair seo ar feadh 16 bliana. Bhí sí ag obair ina haonar den chuid is mó. Mhaisigh sí gach orlach de chuid an taoibh istigh le snaidhmeanna casta ceilteacha, bíseanna, ainmhithe daite agus script Ghaelach. D’úsáid sí gnáthphéint tí agus scuaba. B’éigean an phéint a thabhairt chuici mar nach raibh cead aici imeacht as an gclochar. Cruthaíodh sárshaothar iontach i stíl athbheochan na Gaeilge. Cuireadh an dlaoi mhullaigh ar a saothar le dathanna saibhre na bhfuinneog gloine dhaite de chuid [[Harry Clarke]].

D’oibrigh sí go minic in aireagal an-fhuar ag baint úsáid as scuaba bunúsacha agus gnáthphéint tí.  Sa bhliain 1936, b’éigean di stopadh mar gheall ar airtríteas tinn agus drochshláinte. Is dócha go raibh sin níos measa mar gheall ar an deatach ó phéint luaidhe. Fuair sí bás sa bhliain 1939 agus cuireadh í i reilig an chlochair.

Leis na teorainneacha neamhchríochnaithe in uachtar an fhoirgnimh tugtar spléachadh uathúil dúinn ar a cuid teicnící sceitseála agus stionsalála. Bhaineadh sí úsáid as dathanna láidre, oráistí, dearga, gorma , glasa agus dona, as léiriú líneach d’éin ag screadáíl, as seandachtaí ag lúbadh agus daoine ina suí beatha don chruinne seo a d’ordaigh Dia. Is minic a dhéantar comparáid idir a saothar sise agus saothar [[Leabhar Cheanannais]] i g[[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath|Coláiste na Tríonóide]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2026/07/aireagal-an-chroi-ro-naofa-i-ndun-laoghaire/|teideal=Aireagal an Chroí Ró-Naofa i nDún Laoghaire|údar=Nuala Holloway|dáta=2026-07-31|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Aireagal an Chroí Ró-Naofa, Dún Laoghaire]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Ealaíontóirí Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Mná rialta]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1939]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1874]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Dún Laoghaire]]</text>
      <sha1>n3hcmz5mp00sqh4rtpyq20bbkerzdwh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lily Lynch</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>127270</id>
    <redirect title="Mary Concepta Lynch" />
    <revision>
      <id>1322593</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T22:56:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Lily Lynch]] go [[Mary Concepta Lynch]]</comment>
      <origin>1322593</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" sha1="5c7gq8ufpm8qsw0j7wv1xbiclczakif" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[Mary Concepta Lynch]]</text>
      <sha1>5c7gq8ufpm8qsw0j7wv1xbiclczakif</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An tSiúr Concepta Lynch</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>127271</id>
    <redirect title="Mary Concepta Lynch" />
    <revision>
      <id>1322595</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T23:04:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ag athdhíriú go [[Mary Concepta Lynch]]</comment>
      <origin>1322595</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="sxa84fjc4notx98ppza8zxh6uesl0h7" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh[[Mary Concepta Lynch]]</text>
      <sha1>sxa84fjc4notx98ppza8zxh6uesl0h7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Comhchreat Tagartha na hEorpa um Theangacha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>127272</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1322598</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-04T02:34:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>An RíomhGael</username>
        <id>72410</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe</comment>
      <origin>1322598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7791" sha1="l769akuim9cj859qd9aqhpbe7l4z8fw" xml:space="preserve">Treoir ó Chomhairle na hEorpa is ea '''''Comhchreat Tagartha na hEorpa um Theangacha''''' nó '''''CTET''''' (Béarla: ''European Framework of Reference for Languages'' nó ''CEFR'') a úsáidtear chun cur síos ar an méid atá bainte amach ag foghlaimeoirí teangacha iasachta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://europass.europa.eu/ga/what-common-european-framework-languages-cefr|teideal=Cad é Comhchreat Tagartha na hEorpa um Theangacha|údar=Europass {{!}} An tAontas Eorpach|language=Gaeilge|dátarochtana=2026-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'fhoilsigh Comhairle na hEorpa Comhchreat Tagartha na hEorpa um Theangacha sa bhliain 2001 tar éis blianta de chomhoibriú idir saineolaithe teanga, oideachasóirí agus taighdeoirí ó gach cearn den Eoraip. Ba é an cuspóir a bhí leis an gcreat ná córas comhroinnte caighdeánach a chruthú chun cur síos ceart a dhéanamh ar inniúlacht teanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaelchultur.com/ga/blag/an-cefr-a-thuiscint-an-caighdean-idirnaisiunta-taobh-thiar-d|teideal=An CEFR a thuiscint|údar=Clíodhna Ní Chorráin {{!}} Gaelchultúr|dáta=Meitheamh 2026|dátarochtana=2026-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cé gur bunaíodh an CEFR san Aontas Eorpach, tá úsáid an chreata ag éirí níos comónta taobh amuigh an Aontais Eorpaigh, agus tá sé aitheanta i mbreis agus 40 tír ar fud na cruinne, Ceanada, an tSeapáin, an tSín, Meicsiceo agus Vítneam ina measc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2019/05/27/what-the-cefr-is-and-isnt|teideal=What the CEFR is and isn't|údar=FMT|dáta=2019-05-27|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ó 2020 ann ar a laghad, úsáideann an comhlacht teagaisc [[Duolingo]], lonnaithe sna Stáit Aontaithe Meiriceá, an CEFR mar phointe tagartha ar a gcuid cúrsaí teanga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://blog.duolingo.com/goldilocks-and-the-cefr-levels-which-proficiency-level-is-just-right/|teideal=Duolingo CEFR|údar=Duolingo {{!}} Cindy Blanco|dáta=2020-02-27|language=Béarla|dátarochtana=2026-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Leibhéil CEFR ==
Tá 6 leibhéal aitheanta sa chreat&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Is cur síos é seo a leanas de gach leibhéal sa chreat de réir an ''Chomhairle Náisiúnta Curaclaim agus Measúnachta'':&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.curriculumonline.ie/ga-ie/junior-cycle/junior-cycle-subjects/gaeilge/t1-l1/appendix-a-cefr-global-scale/|teideal=Leibhéil CEFR|údar=An Chomhairle Náisiúnta Curaclaim agus Measúnachta|dátarochtana=2026-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Leibhéal
!Cur Síos
|-
|'''A1 Bonnleibhéal 1'''
|Is féidir leis nathanna cainte laethúla agus coitianta a thuiscint agus a úsáid mar aon le habairtí an-bhunúsach a úsáidtear chun riachtanais de chuneál nithiúil a shásamh. Is féidir leis é féin agus daoine eile a chur in aithne agus ceisteanna a chur agus a fhreagairt faoi shonraí pearsanta, amhail an áit a bhfuil sé ina chónaí, daoine a bhfuil aithne aige orthu agus rudaí atá aige. Is féidir leis caidreamh a dhéanamh ar bhealach simplí le duine eile fad a labhraíonn an duine sin go mall agus go soléir agus atá sé sásta cuidiú a thabhairt dó.
|-
|'''A2 Bonnleibheál 2'''
|Is féidir leis abairtí agus nathanna cainte coitianta a bhaineann le réimsí lena ngabhann an ábharthacht is láithrí a thuiscint (m. sh. faisnéis an-bhunúsach phearsanta agus teaghlaigh, siopadóireacht, an ceantar áitiúil, fostaíocht). Is féidir leis cumarsáid le linn gnáth-thascanna simplí nuair nach bhfuil i gceist iontu ach malartú faisnéise díreach agus simplí maidir le gnáthchúsaí coitianta. Is féidir leis cur síos a dhéanamh i dtéarmaí simplí ar ghnéithe dá chúlra, dá gharthimpeallacht agus de cheisteanna a bhaineann le riachtanas láithreach.
|-
|'''B1 Meánleibhéal 1'''
|Is féidir leis na príomhsmaointí a thuiscint i ngnáthchaint shoiléir agus chaighdeánach ar chúrsaí coitianta a bpléitear go rialta leo san áit  oibre, ar scoil, le linn caitheamh aimsire, srl. Is féidir leis déileáil le formhór na gcásanna ar dóigh dóibh teacht chun cinn agus é ag taisteal i gceantar ina labhraítear an teanga. Is féidir leis téacs atá simplí agus nasctha a tháirgeadh ar thopaicí a bhfuil cur amach aige orthu nó a bhfuilspéis phearsanta aige iontu. Is féidir leis trácht a dhéanamh ar eispéiris, ar eachtraí, ar mhianta, ar abháir dhóchais agus ar uaillmhianta agus cúiseanna achoimre a thabhairt le tuairimí agus le pleananna agus mínithe achoimre a thabhairt iontu
|-
|'''B2 Meánleibhéal 2'''
|Is féidir leis na príomhsmaointí a thuiscint i dtéacsanna casta a bhaineann le topaicí nithiúla agus le topaicí teibí araon, lena n-áirítear díospóireachtaí teicniúla ina shainréimse spéise féin. Is féidir leis caidreamh a dhéanamh go measartha líofa agus gan réamhsmaoineamh, a fhágann go mbíonn sé in ann caidreamh rialta a dhéanamh le cainteoirí dúchais gan mórán stró sa cheachtar acu. Is féidir leis téacs atá soiléir agus mionsonraithe a tháirgeadh ar raon leathan ábhar agus míniú a thabhairt ar thuairim, ar cheist thráthúil, agus na buntáistí agus na míbhuntáistí a bhaineann le roghanna éagsúla á gcur in iúl aige.
|-
|'''C1 Ardleibhéal 1'''
|Is féidir leis raon leathan téacsanna atá casta agus fada a thuiscint, agus an bhunbhrí intuigthe a aithint. Is féidir leis é féin a chur in iúl go líofa agus gan réamhsmaoineamh, gan nathanna cainte a chuardach go follasach. Is féidir leis teanga a úsáid go solúbtha agus go héifeachtach chun críocha sóisialta, acadúla agus gairmiúla. Is féidir leis téacs atá soiléir, dea-struchtúrtha agus mionsonraithe a tháirgeadh ar ábhair chasta, agus úsáid rialaithe as patrúin eagraíochtúla, as nascairí agus seifteanna comhtháite a thaispeáint.
|-
|'''C2 Ardleibhéal 2'''
|Is féidir leis beagnach gach rud a cloiseann nó a léann sé a thuiscint. Is féidir leis achoimre a dhéanamh ar fhaisnéis a fhaightear ó fhoinsí difriúla labhartha agus scríofa, agus argóintí agus cuntais a athinsint i gcur i láthair comhleanúnach. Is féidir leis é féin a cghur in iúl gan réamhsmaoineamh, go líofa agus go beacht, agus miondifríochtaí céille a chur in iúl go cruinn is cuma cé chomh casta is atá na cúinsí.
|}
Is féidir na 6 leibhéal thuasluaite seo a chur i dtrí chatagóir níos leithne:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Úsáideoir Bunúsach (A1-A2)

Úsáideoir Neamhspleách (B1-B2)

Úsáideoir Oilte (C1-C2)

== An Ghaeilge agus an CEFR ==
[[Íomhá:Languages of Europe no legend.png|mion|Baintear úsáid as Comhchreat Tagartha na hEorpa um Theangacha chun cur síos a dhéanamh ar inniúlacht teanga do theangacha ar fud an Aontais Eorpaigh]]
Ó 2005 ann, cuireann Ollscoil Mhá Nuad ''[[Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge]]'' (TEG) ar fáil, an chéad chóras teastaithe d'fhoghlaimeoirí fásta Gaeilge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.teg.ie/|teideal=Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge|údar=TEG|dátarochtana=2026-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tá cúrsaí TEG bunaithe go ginearálta ar Chomhchreat Tagartha na hEorpa um Theangacha agus tástálann sé cumas foghlaimeoirí sa labhairt, san éisteacht, sa léitheoireacht agus sa Ghaeilge scríofa. Tá cúig leibhéal ar fáil faoi láthair:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  

A1- Bonnleibhéal 1 

A2- Bonnleibhéal 2

B1- Meánleibhéal 1

B2- Meánleibhéal 2

C1- Ardleibheál 1

Tá cúrsaí ''[[Gaelchultúr|Ghaelchultúir]]'' ailínithe leis an CEFR chomh maith.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Féach freisin ==
[[Comhairle na hEorpa]]

[[Teangacha an Aontais Eorpaigh]]

[[Sealbhú teanga|Sealbhú Teanga]]

== Tagairtí ==
&lt;references /&gt;


[[Catagóir:Foghlaim]]
[[Catagóir:Foghlaim na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Sealbhú teanga]]
[[Catagóir:An tAontas Eorpach]]</text>
      <sha1>l769akuim9cj859qd9aqhpbe7l4z8fw</sha1>
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