Vicipéid gawiki https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Meán Speisialta Plé Úsáideoir Plé úsáideora Vicipéid Plé Vicipéide Íomhá Plé íomhá MediaWiki Plé MediaWiki Teimpléad Plé teimpléid Cabhair Plé cabhrach Catagóir Plé catagóire TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1896 1327874 1279596 2026-09-12T16:52:15Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1327874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Meán Fómhair}} Is é an '''12 Meán Fómhair''' an 255ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 256ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 110 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[Rinn Verde]] - ''Lá Náisiúnta'' == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1774]] — [[Liam Mac Néill|William Neilson]], scoláire Preispitéireach i gCúige Uladh go luath san 19ú haois (b. [[1821]]) * [[1818]] — [[Richard Jordan Gatling]], dearthóir arm tine Meiriceánach (b. [[1903]]) * [[1852]] — [[H. H. Asquith|Herbert Henry Asquith]], Príomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe (b. [[1928]]) * [[1865]] — [[James Cosgrave]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1936]]) * [[1888]] — [[Herman Dreer]], údar Afra-Mheiriceánach (b. [[1981]]) * [[1888]] — [[Maurice Chevalier]], aisteoir Francach (b. [[1972]]) * [[1897]] — [[Irène Joliot-Curie]], eolaí Francach (b. [[1956]]) * [[1906]] — [[Fad Browne]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1991]]) * [[1907]] — [[Louis MacNeice]], file agus scoláire clasaiceach (b.[[1963]]) * [[1913]] — [[Jesse Owens]], lúthchleasaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1980]]) * [[1924]] — [[Ella Mae Morse]], amhránaí Meiriceánach (b.[[1999]]) * [[1931]] — [[George Jones]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (b. [[2013]]) * [[1931]] — [[Ian Holm]], aisteoir Briotanach (b. [[2020]]) * [[1940]] — [[Des Foley]], polaiteoir, iománaí, agus imreoir peil Ghaelach (b. [[1995]]) * [[1944]] — [[Barry White]], amhránaí agus cumadóir Meiriceánach (b. [[2003]]) * [[1948]] — [[Michael Dransfield]], file Astrálach (b. [[1973]]) * [[1951]] — [[Bertie Ó hEachthairn|Parthalán Ó hEachthairn]], polaiteoir Éireannach, an 10ú Taoiseach * [[1957]] — [[Hans Zimmer]], cumadóir ceoil * [[1958]] — [[Wilfred Benítez]], dornálaí Meiriceánach * [[1960]] — [[Julian Jackson]], dornálaí Meiriceánach * [[1965]] — [[Joe Schmidt (rugbaí)|Joe Schmidt]], imreoir rugbaí agus cóitseálaí Nua-Shéalannach * [[1968]] — [[Paul F. Tompkins]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1974]] — [[Nuno Valente]], imreoir sacair Portaingéalach * [[1976]] — [[Maciej Żurawski]], imreoir sacair * [[1981]] — [[Jennifer Hudson]], ceoltóir, amhránaí agus aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1986]] — [[Emmy Rossum]], aisteoir * [[1987]] — [[Yaroslava Shvedova]], imreoir leadóige Casacach * [[1994]] — [[Elina Svitolina]], imreoir leadóige Úcránach * [[1994]] — [[Mhairi Black]], polaiteoir Briotanach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1680]] — [[Peadar Brahe]], uasal Sualannach (r. [[1602]]) * [[1819]] — [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]], marascal machaire Prúiseach (r. [[1742]]) * [[1903]] — [[Maxwell Henry Close]], geolaí Éireannach (r. [[1822]]) * [[1918]] — [[George Reid]], polaiteoir Astrálach agus 4ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile (r. [[1845]]) * [[1937]] — [[Seán French (1890–1937)|Seán French]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1890]]) * [[1964]] — [[Sergiusz Piasecki]], scríbhneoir (r.~1901) * [[1977]] — [[Steve Biko]], [[gníomhaí]] (r.[[1946]]) * [[1981]] — [[Eugenio Montale]], file (r.[[1896]]) * [[1989]] — [[Séamus Ó Tuama]], sceimhlitheoir Éireannach (r. [[1919]]) * [[1994]] — [[Tom Ewell]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1909]]) * [[2003]] — [[Johnny Cash]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (r.[[1932]]) * [[2014]] — [[Ian Paisley]], polaiteoir agus ministéir Éireannach (r. [[1926]]) * [[2023]] — [[Roger Whittaker]], amhránaí agus ceoltóir Briotanach (r. [[1936]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1609]] - Thosaigh [[Henry Hudson]] taiscéalaíocht a dhéanamh ar [[Abhainn Hudson]] * [[1848]] - Ghlac [[An Eilvéis]] le bunreacht nua, mar sin, bunaíodh mar stát cónaidhme í * [[1890]] - Bunaíodh [[Harare|Salisbury]], [[An Róidéis]] * [[1923]] - D'ionghabh an [[Ríocht Aontaithe]] Deisceart na Róidéise ([[An tSiombáib]] anois) * [[1953]] - Phós [[John F. Kennedy]] agus [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Bouvier]] i [[Newport, Oileán Rhode]] * [[1958]] - Léirigh [[Jack St Clair Kilby|Jack Kilby]] an chéad [[Ciorcad iomlánaithe|chiorcad iomlánaithe]] ag obair * [[1975]] - Canónaíodh [[Oilibhéar Pluincéid]], an chéad Éireannach go nglaodh [[Naomh]] go hoifigiúil air ó [[1226]] * [[2003]] - [[Cogadh na hIaráice]]: scaoil agus maraigh [[Arm na Stát Aontaithe|saighdiúirí Meiriceánacha]] ochtar póilíní Iarácacha de thaisme, i bh[[Fallujah]] * [[2013]] - Dhearbhaigh [[NASA]] gurb é [[Voyager 1]] an chéad rud saorga dul chuig spás idir-réaltach [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0912]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Meán Fómhair, 12]] r1jyv177uvopeh9i7xm1boehck23r26 1327875 1327874 2026-09-12T17:03:05Z Conradder 34685 /* Tarluithe eile */ 1327875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Meán Fómhair}} Is é an '''12 Meán Fómhair''' an 255ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 256ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 110 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[Rinn Verde]] - ''Lá Náisiúnta'' == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1774]] — [[Liam Mac Néill|William Neilson]], scoláire Preispitéireach i gCúige Uladh go luath san 19ú haois (b. [[1821]]) * [[1818]] — [[Richard Jordan Gatling]], dearthóir arm tine Meiriceánach (b. [[1903]]) * [[1852]] — [[H. H. Asquith|Herbert Henry Asquith]], Príomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe (b. [[1928]]) * [[1865]] — [[James Cosgrave]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1936]]) * [[1888]] — [[Herman Dreer]], údar Afra-Mheiriceánach (b. [[1981]]) * [[1888]] — [[Maurice Chevalier]], aisteoir Francach (b. [[1972]]) * [[1897]] — [[Irène Joliot-Curie]], eolaí Francach (b. [[1956]]) * [[1906]] — [[Fad Browne]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1991]]) * [[1907]] — [[Louis MacNeice]], file agus scoláire clasaiceach (b.[[1963]]) * [[1913]] — [[Jesse Owens]], lúthchleasaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1980]]) * [[1924]] — [[Ella Mae Morse]], amhránaí Meiriceánach (b.[[1999]]) * [[1931]] — [[George Jones]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (b. [[2013]]) * [[1931]] — [[Ian Holm]], aisteoir Briotanach (b. [[2020]]) * [[1940]] — [[Des Foley]], polaiteoir, iománaí, agus imreoir peil Ghaelach (b. [[1995]]) * [[1944]] — [[Barry White]], amhránaí agus cumadóir Meiriceánach (b. [[2003]]) * [[1948]] — [[Michael Dransfield]], file Astrálach (b. [[1973]]) * [[1951]] — [[Bertie Ó hEachthairn|Parthalán Ó hEachthairn]], polaiteoir Éireannach, an 10ú Taoiseach * [[1957]] — [[Hans Zimmer]], cumadóir ceoil * [[1958]] — [[Wilfred Benítez]], dornálaí Meiriceánach * [[1960]] — [[Julian Jackson]], dornálaí Meiriceánach * [[1965]] — [[Joe Schmidt (rugbaí)|Joe Schmidt]], imreoir rugbaí agus cóitseálaí Nua-Shéalannach * [[1968]] — [[Paul F. Tompkins]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1974]] — [[Nuno Valente]], imreoir sacair Portaingéalach * [[1976]] — [[Maciej Żurawski]], imreoir sacair * [[1981]] — [[Jennifer Hudson]], ceoltóir, amhránaí agus aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1986]] — [[Emmy Rossum]], aisteoir * [[1987]] — [[Yaroslava Shvedova]], imreoir leadóige Casacach * [[1994]] — [[Elina Svitolina]], imreoir leadóige Úcránach * [[1994]] — [[Mhairi Black]], polaiteoir Briotanach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1680]] — [[Peadar Brahe]], uasal Sualannach (r. [[1602]]) * [[1819]] — [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]], marascal machaire Prúiseach (r. [[1742]]) * [[1903]] — [[Maxwell Henry Close]], geolaí Éireannach (r. [[1822]]) * [[1918]] — [[George Reid]], polaiteoir Astrálach agus 4ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile (r. [[1845]]) * [[1937]] — [[Seán French (1890–1937)|Seán French]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1890]]) * [[1964]] — [[Sergiusz Piasecki]], scríbhneoir (r.~1901) * [[1977]] — [[Steve Biko]], [[gníomhaí]] (r.[[1946]]) * [[1981]] — [[Eugenio Montale]], file (r.[[1896]]) * [[1989]] — [[Séamus Ó Tuama]], sceimhlitheoir Éireannach (r. [[1919]]) * [[1994]] — [[Tom Ewell]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1909]]) * [[2003]] — [[Johnny Cash]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (r.[[1932]]) * [[2014]] — [[Ian Paisley]], polaiteoir agus ministéir Éireannach (r. [[1926]]) * [[2023]] — [[Roger Whittaker]], amhránaí agus ceoltóir Briotanach (r. [[1936]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1609]] - Thosaigh [[Henry Hudson]] taiscéalaíocht a dhéanamh ar [[Abhainn Hudson]] * [[1848]] - Ghlac [[An Eilvéis]] le bunreacht nua, mar sin, bunaíodh mar stát cónaidhme í * [[1890]] - Bunaíodh [[Harare|Salisbury]], [[An Róidéis]] * [[1923]] - D'ionghabh an [[Ríocht Aontaithe]] Deisceart na Róidéise ([[An tSiombáib]] anois) * [[1953]] - Phós [[John F. Kennedy]] agus [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Bouvier]] i [[Newport, Oileán Rhode]] * [[1958]] - Léirigh [[Jack St Clair Kilby|Jack Kilby]] an chéad [[Ciorcad iomlánaithe|chiorcad iomlánaithe]] ag obair * [[1975]] - Canónaíodh [[Oilibhéar Pluincéid]], an chéad Éireannach go nglaodh [[Naomh]] go hoifigiúil air ó [[1226]] * [[2003]] - [[Cogadh na hIaráice]]: scaoil agus maraigh [[Arm na Stát Aontaithe|saighdiúirí Meiriceánacha]] ochtar póilíní Iarácacha de thaisme, i bh[[Fallujah]] * [[2013]] - Dhearbhaigh [[NASA]] gurb é [[Voyager 1]] an chéad rud saorga dul chuig spás idir-réaltach * [[2026]] - Thosaigh [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]], [[Donald Trump]], a chuairt stáit ar Éirinn. Bhuail sé le h[[Uachtarán na hÉireann]], [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile]], in [[Áras an Uachtaráin]]. I rith preasócáide leis [[An Taoiseach]], [[Mícheál Ó Máirtín]], dúirt Trump, go conspóideach, gurbh bhreá leis Éire aontaithe a feiceáil. Reáchtáladh léirsithe ar fud na tíre de thairbhe an chuairt [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0912]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Meán Fómhair, 12]] q40q1yt7aadj35bcx4nbtqtynty3epi 1327876 1327875 2026-09-12T17:03:35Z Conradder 34685 nasc 1327876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Meán Fómhair}} Is é an '''12 Meán Fómhair''' an 255ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 256ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 110 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[Rinn Verde]] - ''Lá Náisiúnta'' == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1774]] — [[Liam Mac Néill|William Neilson]], scoláire Preispitéireach i gCúige Uladh go luath san 19ú haois (b. [[1821]]) * [[1818]] — [[Richard Jordan Gatling]], dearthóir arm tine Meiriceánach (b. [[1903]]) * [[1852]] — [[H. H. Asquith|Herbert Henry Asquith]], Príomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe (b. [[1928]]) * [[1865]] — [[James Cosgrave]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1936]]) * [[1888]] — [[Herman Dreer]], údar Afra-Mheiriceánach (b. [[1981]]) * [[1888]] — [[Maurice Chevalier]], aisteoir Francach (b. [[1972]]) * [[1897]] — [[Irène Joliot-Curie]], eolaí Francach (b. [[1956]]) * [[1906]] — [[Fad Browne]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1991]]) * [[1907]] — [[Louis MacNeice]], file agus scoláire clasaiceach (b.[[1963]]) * [[1913]] — [[Jesse Owens]], lúthchleasaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1980]]) * [[1924]] — [[Ella Mae Morse]], amhránaí Meiriceánach (b.[[1999]]) * [[1931]] — [[George Jones]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (b. [[2013]]) * [[1931]] — [[Ian Holm]], aisteoir Briotanach (b. [[2020]]) * [[1940]] — [[Des Foley]], polaiteoir, iománaí, agus imreoir peil Ghaelach (b. [[1995]]) * [[1944]] — [[Barry White]], amhránaí agus cumadóir Meiriceánach (b. [[2003]]) * [[1948]] — [[Michael Dransfield]], file Astrálach (b. [[1973]]) * [[1951]] — [[Bertie Ó hEachthairn|Parthalán Ó hEachthairn]], polaiteoir Éireannach, an 10ú Taoiseach * [[1957]] — [[Hans Zimmer]], cumadóir ceoil * [[1958]] — [[Wilfred Benítez]], dornálaí Meiriceánach * [[1960]] — [[Julian Jackson]], dornálaí Meiriceánach * [[1965]] — [[Joe Schmidt (rugbaí)|Joe Schmidt]], imreoir rugbaí agus cóitseálaí Nua-Shéalannach * [[1968]] — [[Paul F. Tompkins]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1974]] — [[Nuno Valente]], imreoir sacair Portaingéalach * [[1976]] — [[Maciej Żurawski]], imreoir sacair * [[1981]] — [[Jennifer Hudson]], ceoltóir, amhránaí agus aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1986]] — [[Emmy Rossum]], aisteoir * [[1987]] — [[Yaroslava Shvedova]], imreoir leadóige Casacach * [[1994]] — [[Elina Svitolina]], imreoir leadóige Úcránach * [[1994]] — [[Mhairi Black]], polaiteoir Briotanach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1680]] — [[Peadar Brahe]], uasal Sualannach (r. [[1602]]) * [[1819]] — [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]], marascal machaire Prúiseach (r. [[1742]]) * [[1903]] — [[Maxwell Henry Close]], geolaí Éireannach (r. [[1822]]) * [[1918]] — [[George Reid]], polaiteoir Astrálach agus 4ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile (r. [[1845]]) * [[1937]] — [[Seán French (1890–1937)|Seán French]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1890]]) * [[1964]] — [[Sergiusz Piasecki]], scríbhneoir (r.~1901) * [[1977]] — [[Steve Biko]], [[gníomhaí]] (r.[[1946]]) * [[1981]] — [[Eugenio Montale]], file (r.[[1896]]) * [[1989]] — [[Séamus Ó Tuama]], sceimhlitheoir Éireannach (r. [[1919]]) * [[1994]] — [[Tom Ewell]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1909]]) * [[2003]] — [[Johnny Cash]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (r.[[1932]]) * [[2014]] — [[Ian Paisley]], polaiteoir agus ministéir Éireannach (r. [[1926]]) * [[2023]] — [[Roger Whittaker]], amhránaí agus ceoltóir Briotanach (r. [[1936]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1609]] - Thosaigh [[Henry Hudson]] taiscéalaíocht a dhéanamh ar [[Abhainn Hudson]] * [[1848]] - Ghlac [[An Eilvéis]] le bunreacht nua, mar sin, bunaíodh mar stát cónaidhme í * [[1890]] - Bunaíodh [[Harare|Salisbury]], [[An Róidéis]] * [[1923]] - D'ionghabh an [[Ríocht Aontaithe]] Deisceart na Róidéise ([[An tSiombáib]] anois) * [[1953]] - Phós [[John F. Kennedy]] agus [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Bouvier]] i [[Newport, Oileán Rhode]] * [[1958]] - Léirigh [[Jack St Clair Kilby|Jack Kilby]] an chéad [[Ciorcad iomlánaithe|chiorcad iomlánaithe]] ag obair * [[1975]] - Canónaíodh [[Oilibhéar Pluincéid]], an chéad Éireannach go nglaodh [[Naomh]] go hoifigiúil air ó [[1226]] * [[2003]] - [[Cogadh na hIaráice]]: scaoil agus maraigh [[Arm na Stát Aontaithe|saighdiúirí Meiriceánacha]] ochtar póilíní Iarácacha de thaisme, i bh[[Fallujah]] * [[2013]] - Dhearbhaigh [[NASA]] gurb é [[Voyager 1]] an chéad rud saorga dul chuig spás idir-réaltach * [[2026]] - Thosaigh [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]], [[Donald Trump]], a chuairt stáit ar Éirinn. Bhuail sé le h[[Uachtarán na hÉireann]], [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile]], in [[Áras an Uachtaráin]]. I rith preasócáide leis [[An Taoiseach]], [[Mícheál Ó Máirtín]], dúirt Trump, go conspóideach, gurbh bhreá leis [[Éire aontaithe]] a feiceáil. Reáchtáladh léirsithe ar fud na tíre de thairbhe an chuairt [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0912]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Meán Fómhair, 12]] olxpxd83q3pxsqz7lyp7dfya2zz3eb2 1327877 1327876 2026-09-12T17:09:10Z Conradder 34685 séimhiú 1327877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Meán Fómhair}} Is é an '''12 Meán Fómhair''' an 255ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 256ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 110 lá fágtha sa bhliain. == Féilte == * [[Rinn Verde]] - ''Lá Náisiúnta'' == Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo == * [[1774]] — [[Liam Mac Néill|William Neilson]], scoláire Preispitéireach i gCúige Uladh go luath san 19ú haois (b. [[1821]]) * [[1818]] — [[Richard Jordan Gatling]], dearthóir arm tine Meiriceánach (b. [[1903]]) * [[1852]] — [[H. H. Asquith|Herbert Henry Asquith]], Príomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe (b. [[1928]]) * [[1865]] — [[James Cosgrave]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1936]]) * [[1888]] — [[Herman Dreer]], údar Afra-Mheiriceánach (b. [[1981]]) * [[1888]] — [[Maurice Chevalier]], aisteoir Francach (b. [[1972]]) * [[1897]] — [[Irène Joliot-Curie]], eolaí Francach (b. [[1956]]) * [[1906]] — [[Fad Browne]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1991]]) * [[1907]] — [[Louis MacNeice]], file agus scoláire clasaiceach (b.[[1963]]) * [[1913]] — [[Jesse Owens]], lúthchleasaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1980]]) * [[1924]] — [[Ella Mae Morse]], amhránaí Meiriceánach (b.[[1999]]) * [[1931]] — [[George Jones]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (b. [[2013]]) * [[1931]] — [[Ian Holm]], aisteoir Briotanach (b. [[2020]]) * [[1940]] — [[Des Foley]], polaiteoir, iománaí, agus imreoir peil Ghaelach (b. [[1995]]) * [[1944]] — [[Barry White]], amhránaí agus cumadóir Meiriceánach (b. [[2003]]) * [[1948]] — [[Michael Dransfield]], file Astrálach (b. [[1973]]) * [[1951]] — [[Bertie Ó hEachthairn|Parthalán Ó hEachthairn]], polaiteoir Éireannach, an 10ú Taoiseach * [[1957]] — [[Hans Zimmer]], cumadóir ceoil * [[1958]] — [[Wilfred Benítez]], dornálaí Meiriceánach * [[1960]] — [[Julian Jackson]], dornálaí Meiriceánach * [[1965]] — [[Joe Schmidt (rugbaí)|Joe Schmidt]], imreoir rugbaí agus cóitseálaí Nua-Shéalannach * [[1968]] — [[Paul F. Tompkins]], aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1974]] — [[Nuno Valente]], imreoir sacair Portaingéalach * [[1976]] — [[Maciej Żurawski]], imreoir sacair * [[1981]] — [[Jennifer Hudson]], ceoltóir, amhránaí agus aisteoir Meiriceánach * [[1986]] — [[Emmy Rossum]], aisteoir * [[1987]] — [[Yaroslava Shvedova]], imreoir leadóige Casacach * [[1994]] — [[Elina Svitolina]], imreoir leadóige Úcránach * [[1994]] — [[Mhairi Black]], polaiteoir Briotanach == Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo == * [[1680]] — [[Peadar Brahe]], uasal Sualannach (r. [[1602]]) * [[1819]] — [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]], marascal machaire Prúiseach (r. [[1742]]) * [[1903]] — [[Maxwell Henry Close]], geolaí Éireannach (r. [[1822]]) * [[1918]] — [[George Reid]], polaiteoir Astrálach agus 4ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile (r. [[1845]]) * [[1937]] — [[Seán French (1890–1937)|Seán French]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1890]]) * [[1964]] — [[Sergiusz Piasecki]], scríbhneoir (r.~1901) * [[1977]] — [[Steve Biko]], [[gníomhaí]] (r.[[1946]]) * [[1981]] — [[Eugenio Montale]], file (r.[[1896]]) * [[1989]] — [[Séamus Ó Tuama]], sceimhlitheoir Éireannach (r. [[1919]]) * [[1994]] — [[Tom Ewell]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1909]]) * [[2003]] — [[Johnny Cash]], ceoltóir Meiriceánach (r.[[1932]]) * [[2014]] — [[Ian Paisley]], polaiteoir agus ministéir Éireannach (r. [[1926]]) * [[2023]] — [[Roger Whittaker]], amhránaí agus ceoltóir Briotanach (r. [[1936]]) == Tarluithe eile == * [[1609]] - Thosaigh [[Henry Hudson]] taiscéalaíocht a dhéanamh ar [[Abhainn Hudson]] * [[1848]] - Ghlac [[An Eilvéis]] le bunreacht nua, mar sin, bunaíodh mar stát cónaidhme í * [[1890]] - Bunaíodh [[Harare|Salisbury]], [[An Róidéis]] * [[1923]] - D'ionghabh an [[Ríocht Aontaithe]] Deisceart na Róidéise ([[An tSiombáib]] anois) * [[1953]] - Phós [[John F. Kennedy]] agus [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Bouvier]] i [[Newport, Oileán Rhode]] * [[1958]] - Léirigh [[Jack St Clair Kilby|Jack Kilby]] an chéad [[Ciorcad iomlánaithe|chiorcad iomlánaithe]] ag obair * [[1975]] - Canónaíodh [[Oilibhéar Pluincéid]], an chéad Éireannach go nglaodh [[Naomh]] go hoifigiúil air ó [[1226]] * [[2003]] - [[Cogadh na hIaráice]]: scaoil agus maraigh [[Arm na Stát Aontaithe|saighdiúirí Meiriceánacha]] ochtar póilíní Iarácacha de thaisme, i bh[[Fallujah]] * [[2013]] - Dhearbhaigh [[NASA]] gurb é [[Voyager 1]] an chéad rud saorga dul chuig spás idir-réaltach * [[2026]] - Thosaigh [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]], [[Donald Trump]], a chuairt stáit ar Éirinn. Bhuail sé le h[[Uachtarán na hÉireann]], [[Caitríona Ní Chonghaile]], in [[Áras an Uachtaráin]]. I rith preasócáide leis [[An Taoiseach]], [[Mícheál Ó Máirtín]], dúirt Trump, go conspóideach, gurbh bhreá leis [[Éire aontaithe]] a fheiceáil. Reáchtáladh léirsithe ar fud na tíre de thairbhe an chuairt [[Catagóir:Dátaí|0912]] [[Catagóir:Míonna|Meán Fómhair, 12]] 9hdzmg9y1duasmcnwdk3e4kuvts346r 0 6674 1327909 1321291 2026-09-13T09:27:58Z Howohhoh 63441 eolas 1327909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Teanga}} Teanga aonraithe—is é sin, [[teanga (cumarsáid)|teanga]] nach bhfuil aon cheann eile gaolmhar léi—is ea an '''Bhascais''', agus í á labhairt i [[Tír na mBascach|dTír na mBascach]] (Bascais: ''Euskal Herria'' nó ''Euskadi'') in oirthuaisceart na [[An Spáinn|Spáinne]] agus in iardheisceart na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]]. Ní [[na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha|teanga Ind-Eorpach]] í ar aon nós, agus ní féidir teacht ar theangacha eile a bheadh gaolmhar léi ach an oiread. Go dtí le déanaí, ní raibh caighdeán ceart ann, agus bhí na scríbhneoirí i dtuilleamaí canúintí scríofa leis an teanga a shaothrú ar aon nós, ach sna 1970idí, shocraigh Acadamh na Bascaise, nó ''[[Euskaltzaindia]]'', caighdeán scríofa ar tugadh ''Euskara Batua'', nó an Bhascais Aontaithe, air. Tá stádas oifigiúil ag an mBascais sa [[An Spáinn|Spáinn]]. Ní féidir leis na Bascaigh Fhrancacha úsáid oifigiúil a bhaint as a dteanga dhúchais, ach, íorónta go leor, tugann an stát Francach aitheantas áirithe do theanga na mBascach ón Spáinn, toisc gur teanga oifigiúil í sa tír sin, agus conradh idirnáisiúnta sínithe ag na Francaigh is na Spáinnigh faoi chomhaitheantas na [[Teanga oifigiúil|dteangacha oifigiúla]]. Tá ocht bpríomhchanúint ag an mBascais, mar atá, canúint na [[Bioscáine]], canúint ''Gipuzkoa'', canúint Ard-Nafarroa Thuaidh, canúint Ard-Nafarroa Theas, canúint Lapurdi, canúint Íseal-Nafarroa Thiar, canúint Íseal-Nafarroa Thoir, agus canúint ''Zuberoa''. Tá an caighdeán, an t-''euskara batua'', bunaithe ar chanúint ''[[Gipuzkoa]]'' thar aon cheann eile. Cé gurb í an Bhascais chaighdeánaithe seo is mó a chloistear ar an raidió agus a léitear ar na hirisí, maireann na leaganacha caighdeánaithe de na canúintí beo inniu féin, go háirithe caighdeán ''Lapurdi'', a úsáidtear go forleathan i gcúige ''Zuberoa'' (''Soule'') sa [[An Fhrainc|Fhrainc]]. Cé nach bhfuil gaol ná lúb ghaoil ag an mBascais le haon teanga eile, tá sí breac le hiasachtaí ón [[An Laidin|Laidin]], ar nós ''bake'' "síocháin" (ó ''pax, pacem'' na Laidine) nó ''denbora'' "am, aimsir" (ó ''tempus, tempora'' na Laidine). Is follasach go bhfuair sí a lán focal ón [[An Spáinnis|Spáinnis]] agus ón bh[[An Fhraincis|Fraincis]], leis. Maidir le litriú agus fuaimniú na Bascaise, is iad na litreacha is suntasaí ná x, a fhuaimnítear mar [ʃ] ("sh" an Bhéarla, is é sin, siosach iar-ailbheolach), tx, a fhuaimnítear cosúil le "ch" an [[An Béarla|Bhéarla]], agus an j, a fhuaimnítear go héagsúil sna canúintí éagsúla—mar [j] (y an Bhéarla), mar [x] (ch leathan na [[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge]], nó j na Spáinnise) nó mar [ʒ] (j na [[An Fhraincis|Fraincise]]), mar shampla. Tá sé tábhachtach cuimhne a choinneáil ar an difríocht idir z agus s na Bascaise, nó ní hionann é agus difríocht an dá litir seo sa Bhéarla. Sa Bhascais, is ionann an litir "s" agus siosach rinnailbheolach, is é sin, ní úsáidtear ach rinn na teanga (an pointe is airde d'uachtar a teanga) san fhuaimniú. An litir "z", arís, seasann sé don tsiosach lannailbheolach, nó baintear úsáid as "lann" go léir na teanga san fhuaimniú. Scéal eile fós go gcaolaítear na consain sa Bhascais le mánlacht nó beagmhéid a chur in iúl. Mar shampla, is madra beag é ''txakur'', ach is madra mór suaithní é ''zakur'', agus is braoinín beag bídeach é ''ttantta'' (seasann an t dúbailte don t chaol), ach is braon réasúnta mór uisce é ''tanta''. [[Íomhá:Bascais.svg|mion|clé|250px|Canúintí na Bascaise]] Tá gramadach na Bascaise casta go maith, agus is minic a deirtear go bhfuil sí ar cheann de na teangacha is deacra sa domhan. Is dócha gur áibhéil é seo, áfach. Tá an Bhascais saibhir sna tuisil, agus thar aon rud eile, tá tuiseal oibríoch ann —tuiseal a úsáidtear le hainmní an bhriathair aistrigh a chur in iúl, agus an tuiseal ainmneach teoranta d'ainmní an bhriathair neamhaistrigh agus do chuspóir an bhriathair aistrigh. Dá mbeadh an córas céanna in úsáid sa Ghaeilge, déarfá "ritheann sé" i gcónaí, ach in áit "buaileann sí é", chaithfeá rud éigin a rá cosúil le "buaileann sí-ERG sé"—seasann "sí-ERG" don fhoirm speisialta den fhorainm "sí" a chaithfeá a chur anseo (ERG = ''ergative'', nó tuiseal oibríoch). == Litríocht na Bascaise == Ba nós le smaointeoirí agus scríbhneoirí móra Bascacha a gcuid scríbhinní a chur ar pár as [[An Spáinnis|Spáinnis]] nó as [[An Fhraincis|Fraincis]] go dtí le déanaí, agus mar sin, ní féidir a rá go mbeadh [[litríocht]] na mBascach ina dteanga dhúchais féin róshaibhir ná ársa. Tá cúpla laoi laochais againn ón séú haois déag a thugann cur síos ar imeachtaí sa [[An Mheánaois|Mheánaois]]. Ba é an chéad bhunsaothar scríofa as Bascais ná litir a scríobh an tEaspag ''Juan de'' ''Zumárraga'' ó [[Meicsiceo|Mheicsiceo]] sa bhliain 1537. Ba eisean an chéad Easpag i Meicsiceo riamh, nó ní raibh impireacht choilíneach na Spáinne san Oileán Úr ach ag teacht ar an bhfód faoin am seo. Saothair thábhachtacha eile ón [[16ú haois]] is ea an bailiúchán dánta a d'fhoilsigh an file Bernard Etxepare sa bhliain 1545—an chéad leabhar a tháinig i gcló sa teanga riamh—an chéad dráma sa teanga le ''Joan Perez'' ''de Lazarraga'' a cuireadh ar an stáitse an chéad uair sna 1560idí, agus, ar ndóigh, an chéad aistriúchán ar an Tiomna Nua. Ba é ''Joanes Leizarraga'' a bhreac síos é, agus is í ''Bascais Lapurdi'' an chanúint a bhí aige. Dá réir sin, ba í an chanúint seo an ceann ba thábhachtaí i gcúrsaí scríbhneoireachta agus litríochta sa teanga i bhfad ina dhiaidh sin. Sa seachtú haois déag a scríobh Pedro Agerre—nó Pedro Axular, mar is fearr a aithnítear é—bailiúchán seanmóirí faoi thionchar smaointí an Fhrithreifirméisin. Foilsíodh an bailiúchán sa bhliain 1643, agus is í Bascais Lapurdi a chleacht a scríbhneoir, cé nach raibh an chanúint seo ó dhúchas aige. Scríobhadh a lán téacsaí reiligiúnda eile sa teanga sa seachtú haois déag, ach thairis sin, chum an file Arnaud de Oihénart dánta Bascaise, agus foilsíodh lámhleabhair sa teanga do mhairnéalaigh agus d'fheirmeoirí. Inniu, is é ''[[Bernardo Atxaga]]'' (fíorainm: ''Joseba Irazu Garmendia'') an scríbhneoir is clúití sa teanga. == Gramadach == Is teanga '''eirgíoch-absalóideach''' í an Bhascais. Bíonn ainmní briathair neamhaistrigh sa chás absalóideach (atá gan mharcáil de ghnáth), agus úsáidtear an cás absalóideach le cuspóir díreach an bhriathair aistrigh. Marcáiltear ainmní an bhriathair aistrigh ar dhóigh dhifriúil, leis an gcás eirgíoch (léirítear sé seo leis an iarmhír ''-k''). Dúisíonn sé seo an príomhchomhtheacht agus an comhtheacht cunta leis. === Briathra === Réitíonn an briathar cúnta ar uimhir agus ar phearsa leis an ainmní, leis an gcuspóir díreach agus leis an gcuspóir indíreach. I measc teangacha na hEorpa, aimsítear go sonrach an comhtheacht ilphearsanta sa Bhascais, cúpla teanga Cugasach (teangacha an tSeoirsia go mór mór), teangacha Moirdvíneach, an [[An Ungáiris|Ungáiris]], agus an Mháltach. Is é comhtheacht annamh an comhtheacht eirgíoch-absalóideach freisin i measc teangacha na hEorpa — ach níl sé annamh ar fud na cruinne. Ní réimnítear an formhór mór de bhriathra na Bascaise. I measc na seasca briathar a réimníodh tráth, níl ach roinnt díobh fágtha. Mar gheall air sin, cuirtear an chuid is mó briathra in iúl mar chomhcheangal de rangabháil agus de bhriathar cúnta. Cuireann an rangabháil eolas faoin ngné in iúl, agus cuireann an briathar cúnta eolas faoin bpearsan, faoin modh agus faoin aimsir in iúl. <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A Grammar of Basque|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2011|location=Berlin|issue=26|author=José Ignacio Hualde, Jon Ortiz de Urbina, José Ignacio Hualde}}</ref> Rangaítear réimniú na mbriathra ag brath ar mhéad na n-argóintí atá leis. Úsáidtear an focal "''nor''" (cé) lena leaganacha díochlaonta chun cur síos a dhéanamh orthu.<ref>Gómez, R., & Sainz, K. (1995). On the origin of the finite forms of the Basque verb. ''AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE SERIES 4'', 235-274.</ref> Is iad: * ''Nor'' - Briathar nach nglacann ach argóint neamhaistreach amháin. * ''Nor-Nork'' - Briathar a ghlacann argóint absalóideach (an cuspóir, ''nor'') agus argóint eirgíoch (an t-ainmní, ''nork'') * ''Nor-Nori'' - Briathar a ghlacann argóint absalóideach agus argóint indíreach (''nori'') * ''Nor-Nori-Nork'' - Briathar a ghlacann argóintí absalóideacha, neamhdhíreacha, agus eirgíocha. Is é "izan" príomhchopail na Bascaise. Is briathar ilfhréamhach é agus is féidir idirdhealú a dhéanamh ina cheithre fhréamh: * ''izan'' (neamhaistreach, táscach) * ''*edun'' (aistreach, táscach) * ''*edin'' (neamhaistreach, neamhtháscach) * ''*ezan'' (aistreach, neamhtháscach)<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Historical development of auxiliaries|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|date=1987|location=Berlin|issue=35|author=Martin Best Harris, Paolo Ramat}}</ref><ref>Martínez-Areta, M. (2013). Basque and Proto-Basque. ''Language-Internal and Typological Approaches to Linguistic Reconstruction, Bern: Peter Lang''.</ref> ==== Táthmhíreanna an Bhriathair ==== ===== Ord na dTáthmhíreanna ===== Is é seo ord bunúsach táthmhíreanna an bhriathair sa Bhascais <ref>Arregi, K., & Nevins, A. (2008). Agreement and clitic restrictions in Basque. ''Agreement restrictions'', 49-86.</ref>: {| class="wikitable" |+ |Absalóideach |Fréamh (leis an aimsir agus le huimhir an absalóidigh) |Tabhartach |Eirgíoch |} Nuair atá an briathar san aimsir chaite, cuirtear "-n" ag deireadh an bhriathair.<ref name=":1" /> ===== Táthmhíreanna Pearsanta ===== Is é seo a leanas tábla táthmhíreanna pearsanta an bhriathair. Tá idirdhealú idir tháthmhíreanna atá i lár an fhocail agus na cinn atá ar a chríoch: <ref name=":0">Albizu, P. (2002). Basque verbal morphology: Redefining cases. ''Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca" Julio de Urquijo"'', 1-19.</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" |+ !Pearsa !Absalóideach !Eirgíoch (Críoch) !Tabharthach (Críoch) !Eirgíoch (Lár) !Tabhartach (Lár) |- ! colspan="6" |Uatha |- !1ú |n- | colspan="2" | -t | colspan="2" | -da- |- !2ú Fir. |h- | colspan="2" | -k | colspan="2" | -a- |- !2ú Bain. |h- | colspan="2" | -n | colspan="2" | -na- |- !3ú | (Féach thíos) | - | -o | - | -o- |- ! colspan="6" |Iolra |- !1ú |g- | colspan="4" | -gu(-) |- !2ú (Uat. Foirmiúil) |z- | colspan="4" | -zu(-) |- !2ú (Iol.) |z- | colspan="4" | -zu(-) |- !3ú | (Féach thíos) | - | -e | - | -e- |} Nuair atá an t-absalóideach iolra, cuirtear mír iolra ann atá ag brath ar an mbriathar. Chomh maith leis an mír seo, sa 2ú pearsa iolra, cuirtear mír iolra breise chun é a idirdhealú ón leagan uatha foirmiúil.<ref name=":0" /> ==== An Argóint Tríú Pearsan ==== Cé go bhféadtar anailís a dhéanamh ar na réimíreanna ar nós "d-" mar absalóidigh tríú pearsan, molann scoláirí ar nós Arregi agus Nevins a breathnú orthu mar réimír chúnta. Áitíonn siad nach bhféadann fréamh an bhriathair a bheith sa chéad áit sa bhriathar, agus cuirtear réimír ann chun é seo a sheachaint. <ref>Arregi, K., & Nevins, A. (2008). Agreement and clitic restrictions in Basque. ''Agreement restrictions'', 49-86.</ref> Is iad seo a leanas na réimíreanna sin: <ref name=":1">Gómez, R., & Sainz, K. (1995). On the origin of the finite forms of the Basque verb. ''AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE SERIES 4'', 235-274.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Aimsir Láithreach |d- |- !Aimsir Chaite |z- |- !Modh Neamhrealaíoch |l- |- !Modh Ordaitheach |b- |} Nuair a ghlacann an briathar an t-absalóideach tríú pearsan agus an t-eirgíoch, agus é san aimsir chaite, imíonn an "z-" agus cuirtear an t-eirgíoch ina áit. Úsáidtear an leagan absalóideach don eirgíoch sa chás seo. <ref name=":1" /> Mar shampla, is é seo "ukan" san aimsir chaite le eirgíoch 1ú pearsan agus absalóideach 3ú pearsan: <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=1979|title=Euskal Aditz Batua|issue=Euskaltzaindia}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- |*z-u-da-n |- |*∅-u-da-n |- |n-u-en |} ===== An tAlocúideach ===== Tá an t-alocúideach<ref name="Nóta1" group="Nóta" /> agus an t-eirgíoch don dara pearsa neamhfhoirmiúil mar an gcéanna, ach úsáidtear é gach uile uair a bhfuil an neamhfhoirmiúil á úsáid, fiú mura bhfuil an duine neamhfhoirmiúil ina argóint san abairt. Cuirtear é ar an deas nó ar an gclé den mhír eirgíoch sa bhriathar. <ref>Haddican, B. (2018). The syntax of Basque allocutive clitics. ''Glossa: a journal of general linguistics'', ''3''(1).</ref> == Notaí == {{reflist|group=Nóta|refs=<ref name=Nóta1> I mBéarla, "allocutive" </ref>}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhascais, An}} [[Catagóir:An Bhascais| ]] [[Catagóir:Cultúr Thír na mBascach|*]] [[Catagóir:Teangacha na hEorpa]] [[Catagóir:Tír na mBascach|*]] [[Catagóir:Teangacha na Fraince]] [[Catagóir:Teangacha na Spáinne]] [[Catagóir:Teangeolaíocht]] {{síol-eus}} rovv2avmbe7bxeva299i5tygdy293xl 0 8881 1327903 1258099 2026-09-13T06:09:08Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is [[amhránaí]], [[ceoltóir]], [[péintéir]], [[scríbhneoir]] liricí agus [[aisteoir]] é '''Liam Ó Maonlaí'''. Saolaíodh Liam Ó Maonlaí ar an [[7 Samhain]] [[1964]] i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]], [[Éire]]. Tá sé mar bhall den [[Banna ceoil|bhanna ceoil]] na [[Hothouse Flowers]], grúpa a bhunaigh sé lena chomhscoláire [[Fiachra Ó Braonáin]]. D’fhreastail sé [[Scoil Lorcáin]] agus [[Coláiste Eoin]], scoileanna lán-[[Ghaeilge]] i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]]. D'eisigh Ó Maonlaí a chéad albam aonair, dar teideal ‘''Rian''’, sa bhliain [[2006]]. Rian Records a d'eisigh agus tá na hamhráin go léir as [[Gaeilge]]. Chan Ó Maonlaí an t-amhrán ‘''[[Cathain]]''’ le tionlacan ceoil ó [[Dónal Lunny]] agus tá sé ar fáil ar an albam ‘''The Best of [[Dónal Lunny]]''.’ Scríobh an t-amhránaí [[Rónán Ó Snodaigh]] na liricí le haghaidh ‘''Cathain''.’ Is cainteoir Gaeilge agus [[Béarla]] é. == Albaim == [[Íomhá:Rian.jpg|thumb|Rian]] === Rian === * Avanyu Intro * Ár nAthair * Sadbh Ní Bhruinnealadh * An Buachaill Bán * Úrchnoc Chéin Mhic Cáinte * The Old Bush * Iníon an Fhaoit ón nGleann * Seoladh na nGamhna * Na Connerys * Reels * Ag Críost an Síol * Tom Billy's Jig * Avanyu Intro (Reprise) * The Rainy Day ==== Creidiúna ==== Caroline Dale (Dordveidhlín), Liam Ó Maonlaí (Druma), Liam Ó Maonlaí (Méarchlár), Liam Ó Maonlaí (Amhránaí), Liam Ó Maonlaí (Feadóg Stáin), Liam Ó Maonlaí (Léiritheoir), Liam Ó Maonlaí (Obair Ealaíne). === Eile === Chuaigh Ó Maonlaí i mbun comhoibrithe le h[[Amano]] agus [[Kalabanx]] agus iad ag cruthú a nEP ''[https://amanoanseo.bandcamp.com/album/thread THREAD]'', a eisíodh in 2024.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://amanoanseo.com/|teideal=Amano|language=en|work=amanoanseo.com|dátarochtana=2024-08-12}}</ref> Tá sé le cloisteáil ar na rianta ''leighis'' agus ''HEART''. == Aisteoireacht == * Timbuktu (2004) - Conor[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0385290/] * I Could Read the Sky (1999) - Joe[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0215865/] * "Saturday Night Live" - Eipeasóid #16.2 (1990) Eipeasóid Teilifíse (mar na Hothouse Flowers)[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0694576/] == Rudaí fánacha == Chan sé an t-amhrán The Parting Glass le haghaidh fuaimrian an [[scannán]] Waking Ned (1998). Is deartháir é leis an aisteoir [[Colm Ó Maonlaí]] agus is mac é leis an aisteoir Eithne Lydon. == Naisc sheachtracha - ceol == * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJ4c9VIuJ2w Liam O Maonlaí le Micheál O Suilleabháin, srl] - Sult (Dances), ar [[RTE]] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maoASn4VV2w Sí do mhamo í] - Sult (Dances), ar [[RTE]] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svRw6ry5x-0 Sadhbh Ní Bhruinneallaigh ] ar an [[BBC]] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rD6vFx1AVfM Seoladh na nGamhna], Pure Drop, [[RTE]] (1991) == Naisc sheachtracha - idirlín == * [http://www.liamomaonlai.ie/ Suíomh idirlín Liam Uí Mhaonlaí] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220031601/http://www.liamomaonlai.ie/ |date=2012-02-20 }} * [http://www.hothouseflowers.com/ Suíomh idirlín an Hothouse Flowers] * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0641806/ Bunachar IMDB] * [http://gilliver.net/hothouse/articles/irishtimes98_may.html Agallamh le Joe Jackson san Irish Times] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maonlai, Liam O}} [[Catagóir:Ceoltóirí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1964]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe ar an Sean-Nós]] [[Catagóir:Amhránaithe is scríbhneoirí]] [[Catagóir:Gearrliostaí Ghradam NÓS sa rannóg Amhrán na Bliana]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] kghuvv5u40m8n77umogiwf3k6yu06sn 0 26284 1327899 1196935 2026-09-13T01:47:35Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo|item=Q160|image=Tursiops truncatus 01.jpg|peu=Deilf bholgshrónach (''Tursiops truncatus'')}} [[Ainmhí]] mara is ea an '''deilf'''.<ref name='FB'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fb/deilf|title=An Foclóir Beag: deilf|editor=[[Niall Ó Dónaill]] agus [[Pádraig Ua Maoileoin]], eag.|year=1991|publisher=[[An Gúm]]|location=[[Baile Átha Cliath]]|isbn=978-1857913644|access-date=2024-01-25|language=ga|work=Teanglann.ie}}</ref> Úsáidtear an focal céanna i n[[Gaeilge na hAlban]]. Ní [[Clád|grúpa tacsanomaíochta]] iad na deilfeanna; is iad na [[Míol mór|míolta móra]] agus na [[Muc mhara|muca mara]] na baill eile den infrea-ord [[Cetacea]] (na “céiticigh”). Is ainmhithe teofhuilteacha iad, agus análaíonn siad aer.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.noticenature.ie/files/enfo/factsheet/Irish/WL%2029%20Whales%20Irish.pdf |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2009-12-31 |archivedate=2007-11-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118203803/http://noticenature.ie/files/enfo/factsheet/Irish/WL%2029%20Whales%20Irish.pdf }}</ref> Tá thart ar 40 speiceas beo ann, sna finte [[Delphinidae]] (deilfeanna mara), [[Platanistidae]] (deilfeanna abhann Indiacha), [[Iniidae]] (deilfeanna abhann an Domhain Úir), [[Pontoporiidae]] (deilfeanna breacsháile), agus [[Lipotidae]] (deilfeanna abhann Síneacha, a d'fhéadfadh a bheith díofa). [[Íomhá:Deilf Léiréad.png|thumb|left|Léaráid]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.cetaces.org Le Groupe de Recherche sur les Cétacés] * [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/ The Dolphin Institute] * [http://www.wale.info/Delfine Delfine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323010217/http://www.wale.info/Delfine |date=2010-03-23 }} * [http://www.iwdg.ie/?id=1|Grúpa Faire Míolta Móra agus Deilfeanna na hÉireann. (As [[Béarla]])] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{síol}} [[Catagóir:Mamaigh]] [[Catagóir:Deilfeanna| ]] sdyrn6eo4g35gmpnc8zuo8ldousxajs 0 31790 1327886 1324272 2026-09-12T21:24:21Z TGcoa 21229 1327886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar |image=Cré_na_Cille.jpg }} Úrscéal [[Gaeilge]] leis an scríbhneoir [[Máirtín Ó Cadhain]] is ea '''Cré na Cille''' (nó '''''Cré na Cille: aithris i ndeich n-eadarlúid''''' uaireanta). Foilsíodh an t-úrscéal mír de réir a chéile sa nuachtán [[Scéala Éireann]] idir [[15 Feabhra]] agus [[17 Meán Fómhair]] na bliana [[1949]] agus foilsíodh i bhfoirm leabhair ag [[Sáirséal agus Dill]] sa bhliain chéanna é. Tá an t-úrscéal lonnaithe i reilig i g[[Conamara]]. Caitríona Pháidín an príomhcharachtar ann, í díreach tar éis báis, is caitheann sí a cuid ama ag comhrá le muintir na reilige. De réir mar a bhásaíonn tuilleadh daoine, tógtar scéalta faoin saol beo thuas síos go muintir na reilige is tagann sé chun solais gurb é an chloch is mó ar pháidrín Chaitríona Pháidín an ceann is fearr a fháil ar a deirfiúr Neil. Tugann an t-úrscéal spléachadh ar ghné mhíthaitneamhach de shaol na tuaithe in [[Éirinn]], gné na cúlchainte is an bhéadáin. Sa chaint dhíreach is mó atá téacs an leabhair. Tá an leabhar roinnte ina dheich n-eadarlúid. Bíonn ''Stoc na Cille'' ag caint idir gach eadarlúid. Tá de cháil ag an leabhar a bheith casta, agus áitítear scaití nár thuig muintir Chonamara é.<ref> Dictionary of Irish Writers, Writers in the Irish Language, curtha i dtoll a chéile ag Brain Cleeve, Cló Mercier, 1971. </ref> Tá an téis sin bréagnaithe ag Ó Béarra (Ó Béarra, Feargal, “Gaeilge Uí Chadhain”, in: [[Máire Ní Annracháin]], [eagarthóir], ''Saothar Mháirtín Uí Chadhain'', Léachtaí Cholm Cille 37, Má Nuad: [[An Sagart]], 2007. 103–130). Bronnadh [[Duais an Oireachtais]] ar an úrscéal sa bhliain [[1947]] agus roghnaigh [[UNESCO]] go n-aistreofaí an leabhar go mórtheangacha eile na hEorpa, mar aon le sárshaothair eile a scríobhadh i dteangacha neamhfhorleathana. Aithníodh beagnach láithreach gur mórleabhar de chuid na Gaeilge a bhí ann. Cé gur bhuaigh sé duais [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtais]], dhiúltaigh [[An Gúm]] glacadh leis mura mbainfí míreanna áirithe as. Nuair nach raibh An Gúm sásta déileáil leis, ghlac comhlacht Uí Éigeartaigh, [[Sáirséal agus Dill]], leis agus d’fhoilsigh é ar an [[10 Márta]] [[1950]]. [[Íomhá:WhatsApp Image 2024-10-02 at 17.22.06.jpeg|mion|220px|Moladh a scríobhadh faoin leabhar ''Cré na Cille'' i siopa leabhar Hodges Figgis i mBaile Átha Cliath sa bhliain 2024]] ==Stair a Fhoilsithe== "Glacadh chomh dona le Cré na Cille nach bhfuil ach diomalú ama domsa a bheith ag gabháil don scríbhneoireacht. Dúirt gach léirmheas nach raibh mé in ann scríobh."<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ginmhilleadh|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/25572560|journal=Comhar|date=1995|issn=0010-2369|pages=12|volume=54|issue=1|doi=10.2307/25572560|author=Aindrias Ó Cathasaigh}}</ref> Luaitear é seo i dtagairt do dhréachtlitir Mháirtín chuig [[Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh]] in 1952 [[Ag Samhlú Troda]]. Is féidir gur bhris an [[imtheorannú|t-imtheorannú]] sláinte Mháirtín agus go raibh lagmhisneach air dá bharr. Anuas air sin, bronnadh duais ar ''Cré na Cille'' ag Oireachtas na bliana 1947. Is beag foilsitheoir a bhí ann ag an am a d'fhoilsíodh ábhar Gaeilge seachas [[An Gúm]]; agus ní raibh siad sásta é a fhoilsiú. Thairg sé é don [[Irish Independent]] agus dhiúltaigh siadsan, leis, é a fhoilsiú. Tháinig sé amach ar Scéala Éireann ina dhiaidh sin. Ina dhiaidh sin arís a d'fhoilsigh Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh é mar leabhar. == Plota an Leabhair == De réir leathanaigh thosaigh an leabhair tá an leabhar lonnaithe mar seo a leanas; ''Am, De shíor'' agus ''Láthair, An Chill''. == Na hEadarlúidí == * Eadarlúid I: An Chré Dhubh * Eadarlúid II: An Chré á Srathrú * Eadarlúid III: An Chré á Slámadh * Eadarlúid IV: An Chré á Meilt * Eadarlúid V: An Chré á Cnáimhleasú * Eadarlúid VI: An Chré á Suaitheadh * Eadarlúid VII: An Chré á Cumadh * Eadarlúid VIII: An Chré á Cruaghoradh * Eadarlúid IX: An Chré á Líomhadh * Eadarlúid X: An Chré Gheal == Inspioráid don Leabhar == Cuireadh i leith an Chadhnaigh gur thug [[Dostoevsky]] inspioráid don scéal, agus cé gur ghéill sé go mb'fhéidir gur imir saothar Dostoevsky tionchar air féin mhaígh sé, in [[Páipéir Bhána agus Páipéir Bhreaca]], go raibh ''Cré na Cille'' bunaithe ar ráiteas a chuala sé nuair a bhí uaigh á tochailt do sheanfhondúir de chuid an [[An Cnocán Glas|Chnocáin Ghlais]] i ngeimhreadhadh na bliana [[1944]] nó [[1945]]. ''Chart muid dhá uaigh ach níorbh iad na cónraí cearta a fuair muid iontu. Cuireadh fios ar mhapa na n-uaigheannaí ach bhí an mapa cosúil le gasúr ag déanamh suimeannaí leis an tlú i luaith an teallaigh. Bhí sé siar sa lá agus ba ghearr go mbeadh an tsochraide ar fáil. Dúirt muid go gcartfadh muid uaigh eile agus gurb shin é an méid. Ag dul abhaile dhúinn dúirt duine de mo chomharsanaí: 'an bhfuil a fhios agaibh cár fhága muid téaltaithe sa deire í, anuas', adúirt se, 'ach ar dhuine a dtiúrfa mise Micil Rua air'. 'Ó', adúirt ceann eile, 'ó bhó go deo nach ann a bheas an "grammar".'' Labhair sé san óráid chéanna ar roinnt leabhar eile a luaitear a bheith cosúil le Cré na Cille, scéal ag [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] dar teideal ''Babok'' a bhfuil cosúlachtaí idir é agus Cré na Cille, agus [[Spoon River Anthology]] le [[Edgar Lee Masters]]. ''Más fíor rudaí áirid adúradh fúm is mar seo a d'fhan siad i ngan fhios i m'intinn. Dúradh faoi Chré na Cille gur scéal le Dostoevski a mheabhraigh dhom í. Níl mé cinnte ar léigh mé scéal sin Dostoevski ná gearrscéal ar bith leis roimh Chré na Cille a scríobh. Léigh mé an ceann áirid sin, nuair a cuireadh an rud seo i mo leith. Is beag cosúlacht dháiríre atá ag Cré na Cille le scéal an Rúisigh, an oiread céanna b'fhéidir is atá ag téama an ghrá, an grá tur féin, ó úrscéal go húrscéal den méid úrscéalta a bhfuil an grá iontu. Chloisinn mo chomharsanaí ag caint: an bhfuil a fhios agaibh anois céard déarfas Willy Beag thiar sa reilig nuair a chuirfeas siad fód ar Mhaidhc thiar len a ais?' Nó: `go sábhála Dia sinn má tá féith bheo ar bith i gCite Fhada thiar san uaigh gheobha an cailín seo siar an teanga'. Chonaic mé an rud a mheabharaigh na cainteannaí seo ar fad dhom as an nua. Tá roinnt reiligeachaí i gCois Fharraige agus thiocfadh dhó tarlú i gcuid acu. San am ar ligeadh as an gcampa géibhinn mé bhí mé sa mbaile an geimhreadh sin. Fuair bean chomharsan liom bás amach ar ghearrógaí dubha na Nollag. Bhí díle bháistí ann agus breac-shneachta thríthí, sa gcaoi {{sic|nárbh bh|féidir|hide=y}} an uaigh a dhéanamh go dtí an lá a raibh sí dhá cur. Chua cúigear nó seisear againn dhá déanamh le deifriú léi. Chart muid dhá uaigh ach níorbh iad na conraí cearta a fuair muid iontu. Cuireadh fios ar mhapa na n-uaigheannaí ach bhí an mapa cosúil le gasúr ag déanamh suimeannaí leis an tlú i luaith an teallaigh. Bhí sé siar sa lá agus ba ghearr go mbeadh an tsochraide ar fáil. Dúirt muid go gcartfadh muid uaigh eile agus gurb shin é an méid. Ag dul abhaile dhúinn dúirt duine de mo chomharsanaí: 'an bhfuil a fhios agaibh cár fhága muid teáltaithe sa deire í, anuas', adúirt sé ar dhuine a dtiúrfa mise Micil Rua air. 'Ó'. adúirt ceann eile, 'ó bhó go deo nach ann a bheas an ‘grammar".' Má tá i ndán's go raibh scéal Dostoevski cuisnithe in áit eicínt i m'intinn, b'fhéidir gur mhúscail rudaí mar sin chun beatha é. Dúradh rudaí eile a bhí gan tóin gan cheann. San am ar tháinig Cré na Cille amach an chéad uair agus aríst le goirid dúradh gurb as an Spoon River Anthology a fuair mé í. Ní fhaca mé an Spoon River Anthology ní áirím í a léamh. De bharr an rud sin a bheith athphléite i gComhar le goirid tuigim anois go bhfuil {{sic|tuam|baí|hide=y}} sa duanaire sin agus tuairiscí faoi shaol na ndaoine atá fúthu sin scríofa ar na {{sic|tuam|baí|hide=y}}. Dúradh freisin gurb ag aithris ar bheirt Mheireacánach eile a bhí mé, [[John Dos Passos]] agus [[Thomas Woulfe]]. Níor léigh mé smid le ceachtar acu ariamh.'' Ceapann roinnt go mb'fhéidir gur a thréimhse sa champa géibhinn ar an gCurrach a thug bunsmaoineamh don leabhar Cré na Cille dó; na príosúnaigh nua ag breith scéalta isteach sa champa faoina raibh ag tarlú taobh amuigh.<ref>Ó hÉallaithe, Donnacha, 'Máirtín Ó Cadhain i nGéibheann (1940 - 1944)', Gaelscéal, 7 Deireadh Fómhair, 2011.</ref> ==Forbairt an Leabhair== Dar le roinnt feictear réamhleagan den úrscéal á fhorbairt in ''An Marbh agus an Beo'' a foilsíodh in [[Aiséirighe]] timpeall na bliana [[1940]], an chéad saothar cruthaitheach a foilsíodh leis an gCadhnach tar éis dó blianta an ghéibhinn a chur de. Tuairim is 2,000 focal atá ann. Dar leis an Dr Mícheál Briody tá tús an scéil fabhtach agus tá codanna d'abairtí ar lár. Micil Pheadair Mac Confhaola fear inste an scéil agus tá macallaí de Chré na Cille le haithint ar an scéal sa chaoi is go bhfuil cur síos ar dhaoine nua-adhlactha ann. == Leaganacha Bunaithe ar an Leabhar == Rinneadh dhá dhráma raidió ([[RnaG]] agus [[RTÉ]]), dráma ardáin, agus scannán lánfhada bunaithe ar an leabhar. ''Cré na Cille'' is ainm dóibh ar fad. == Léirmheastóireacht == Deir [[Alan Titley]] in ''An tÚrsceal Gaeilge'' ([[1991]]): ‘Úrscéal gan síol gan sliocht is ea Cré na Cille mar is é an focal deireanach é mar gheall ar chomhthionól cúng na tuaithe agus flosc deireanach chaint na ndaoine sa chiall a thuigtí leis sin ó thús na hathbheochana i leith.’ Is é suíomh an úrscéil ná go gcloistear gutha na marbh ag labhairt ón uaigh, agus iad ag caitheamh anuas ar a chéile agus ag déanamh a mionghearáin díreach chomh suarach le daoine beo. Áitíonn roinnt leirmheastóirí go gcuireann an leabhar réadúlacht dhraíochtúil na scríbhneoirí móra ó [[Meiriceá Theas|Mheiriceá Theas]] i gcuimhne. Tá greann íorónta ann, dar leo, agus an scríbhneoir ag léiriú an-tuiscint do na difríochtaí stádais idir aicmí éagsúla na sochaí a bhí i bhfeidhm nuair a d'fhás seisean aníos. Go háirithe, is gnách a rá gurbh é an t-úrscéal seo a mhúin do na daoine sa [[Galltacht|Ghalltacht]] go raibh aicmeachas i sochaí na Gaeltachta chomh maith leis an gcuid eile d'Éirinn. "Mórán chuile fhocal dá bhfuil ó Bhearna na Gaillimhe go Carna pacáilte i mbéil ochtair nó naonúir." [[Ar Aghaidh]] "Gach aon duine a bhfuil dúil aige sa Ghaeilge bheo, bhríomhar, urranta a scríobhann Máirtín Ó Cadhain, gheobhaidh sé a sheacht sá scéal seo." [[Irish Independent]] [[Sáirséal agus Dill]] "Is mó an ráchairt a bhí ar an gcéad eagrán de Chré na Cille ná mar a bhi ar aon leabhar eile dár fhoilsíomar, roimhe nó ina dhiaidh. Dúramar gur saothar réabhlóideach liteartha a bhí ann agus go mbeadh mórán cainte faoi." "With the publication of Cré na Cille Irish literature, has come of age. No superlatives can exaggerate its importance. It not only puts Irish literature on the map, but may well establish the standard language, of both literature and speech." [[An tIolar]] "Ní as an Ghaeltacht dom, ach aithním gach duine (beagnach) atá ag gluaiseacht tríd an scéal seo: aithním gach cor ina n-intinn, gach féith ina gcroí, gach leid agus gach nod agus leathfhocal dá scaoileann siad uathu. Rud is ionann agus a rá nach iad muintir na Gaeltachta atá anseo ach muintir na hÉireann... Maithim gach locht don údar nuair a bhraithim an teanga ann: ag gluaiseacht ina tonnta, ag scairdeadh ina srutha, ag coipeadh ina guairneáin, ag li na gcarraigeacha mar thaoille tuile. An bhoirbe shaibhir, rábach, gharbh, thorthach a dhein clú do Phantagruel, do Shancho Panza, do Ghil Blas, do Fhalstaff. An té a léifeadh an leabhar seo déarfadh sé láithreach gur teanga í seo nach baol di an bás ach gur dual di borradh ó bhuinne i mbláth agus ó bhláth i dtoradh. Is í teanga na mbeo a labhraítear i gCré na Cille - [[Flann Mac an tSaoir]] in [[Comhar]] "As an leabhar seo, a bhfuil a chuma ag freagairt dá thábhacht, cluintear Stoc na Cille á fhógairt go bhfuil ré nua litríochta i nGaeilge buailte linn. Caithfear éisteacht..." - [[Stiúrthóirí an Chlub Leabhar]] "A strange arresting book Máirtín Ó Cadhain shows in this book that he has in him the makings of a really great writer, the first serious challenge to the supremacy of those in Ireland who write in English." [[Raidió Éireann]] "Tá moladh déanta ag daoine ar an nuacht atá i gCré na Cille agus tá sé tuillte. Ach ní hé sin an rud is mó ar chuir mise suim ann ach sa ghreann. Sin an bua thar bhuanna eile atá insonraithe i gCré na Cille." - [[Ciarán ó Nualláin]] in [[Inniu]] "Leabhar tábhachtach Cré na Cille... scríbhneoir ó thalamh a údar... tá píosa de theanga na Gaeltachta againn ná déanfar é a shárú go ceann i bhfad." [[Dónall Ó Corcora]] i bh[[Feasta]] "Seo an saothar Gaeilge is tábhachtaí a foilsíodh le fiche bliain anuas" (aistrithe ón mBéarla) Radio Review (This is the most important Gaelic work published over the past twenty years.') "Más úrscéal saothar ealaíonta íomháineachta faoi smaointe agus imeachtaí daoine, ansin is féidir a rá gur úrscéal é Cré na Cille agus úrscéal mór le rá freisin... éagsúil ar fad le haon rud dá raibh sa Ghaeilge go nuige seo" - [[Earnán de Blaghd]] sa [[Sunday Independent]] "D'athraigh Cré na Cille le Máirtín Ó Cadhain an dearcadh a bhí againn ar nualitríocht na Gaeilge. Maidir le toirt, fuinneamh, carachtaracht agus luadar comhrá rug sé bua ar a dtáinig roimhe de leabhair Ghaeilge. Thug sé amach as ceapóga na mionscéalaíochta sinn, isteach i machaire na mórchumadóireachta." - [[Cló]] "Tá scríob nua treafa ag an údar leis an saothar seo, a fhanfaidh ina chloch sprice ag scríbhneoirí a thiocfaidh ina dhiaidh." - [[Iris an Gharda]] "Leabhar neamhghnách, cumasach é, an charachtaracht ar fheabhas ann, agus léargas grinnsúileach ann ar mhórán gnéithe de shaol na tuaithe." [[An tUltach]] "Gach aon duine a bhfuil dúil aige sa Ghaeilge bheo, bhríomhar, urranta a scríobhann Máirtín ó Cadhain, gheobhaidh sé a sheacht sá sa scéal seo - Irish Independent "Máirtín Ó Cadhain an t-údar: molaim agus tréaslaím dó a shaothar" - [[Envoy]] "Tá sé ar cheann de na hiarrachtaí is fearr a rinneadh fós ar litríocht a chur ar fáil do dhaoine fásta" - [[Scéala Éireann]] "Have you read Cré na Cille?" - [[Seán Ó Maoláin]] i n[[Dáil Éireann]] == Meas ar an gCadhnach i ngeall ar an leabhar == Bhí clú ar Mháirtín mar gheall ar a chnuasach gearrscéalta [[An Braon Broghach]], [[1948]] agus chinntigh an t-úrscéal seo aitheantas forleathan dó. ''<nowiki/>'There goes Cré na Cille''' a dúradh faoi agus é ag siúl timpeall ar Bhaile Átha Cliath. == Carachtair == * Caitríona Pháidín ''Úradhlactha.'' * Pádraig Chaitríona ''A hAonmhac.'' * Iníon Nóra Sheáinín ''Bean Phádraig Chaitríona. In aontíos le Caitríona.'' * Máirín ''Girseach le Pádraig Chaitríona agus Iníon Nóra Sheáinín.'' * Nóra Sheáinín ''Máthair bhean Phádraig Chaitríona.'' * Baba Pháidín ''Deirfiúr do Chaitríona agus do Neil. I Meiriceá di. Súil le huacht uaithi. '' * Neil Pháidín ''Deifiúr Chaitríona agus Bhaba'' * Jeaic na Scolóige ''Fear Neil'' * Peadar Neil ''Mac le Neil agus Jeaic'' * Meaig Bhriain Mhóir ''Bean Pheadar Neil '' * Brian Óg ''Mac le Peadar Neil agus Meaig Bhriain Mhóir. Ag dul ina shagart. '' * Brian Mór ''Athair Mheaig.'' * Tomás Taobh Istigh ''Gaol do Chaitríona agus do Neil. An bheirt ag iomaíocht'' * Muraed Phroinsiais ''Comharsa bhéal dorais agus uchtchara do Chaitríona riamh.'' * Comharsa agus Lucht Aitheantais Eile. == Ealaíon == [[Charles Lamb]] RHA a dhear an clúdach agus a rinne na léaráidí de na carachtair don bhunleabhar mar atá thíos. * Caitríona Pháidín * Tomás Taobh Istigh * An Máistir Mór * Deirfiúr an tSagairt * Brian Mór * Neil Pháidín == Eagráin == * An Chéad Chló [[1949]] * An Dara hEagrán [[1996]] * An Tríú hEagrán [[2007]], an Dr. [[Cathal Ó hÁinle]] a chuir in eagar. == Aistriúcháin == * ''Kirkegårdsjord: gjenfortellinger i ti mellomspill '' (''Cré na Cille''), aistriúchán [[An Ioruais|Ioruaise]] le [[Jan Erik Rekdal]], [[1995]]. * ''Churchyard Clay'' (''Cré na Cille''), aistriúchán Béarla le Joan Trodden Keeffe, U.M.I. Dissertation Information Service, [[SAM]] [[1988]]. * ''Cré na Cille/Churchyard Clay'' (1949) – an extract, aistriúchán go [[Béarla]] de chuid [[Eibhlín Ní Allúrain]] agus [[Maitín Ó Néill]], in: [[Krino]] 11 (Samhradh na bliana [[1991]]), S. 13–25. * Chuir [[Alan Titley]] aistriúchán amach faoin teideal ''The Dirty Dust''. Aistriúchán scaoilte go maith atá ann agus Titley ag féachtaint chuige beocht theanga Uí Chadhain a chur in iúl trí Bhéarla saibhir dhomhan an lae inniu a tharraint chuige féin. * Seoladh aistriúchán iomlán Béarla ar an 8ú Aibreáin 2016, [[Tim Robinson]] agus [[Liam Mac Con Iomaire]] a d'aistrigh. ''Graveyard Clay'' is teideal dó agus is aistriúchán é a fhanann dílis go maith don bhunleabhar. * Táthar ag súil go mbeidh leaganacha i dtrí cinn de theangacha eile i gcló roimh thús na bliana 2017 - [[Ollainnis]], [[Seicis]], agus [[Gearmáinis]]<ref>http://tuairisc.ie/la-mor-do-cre-na-cille-agus-dha-leagan-nua-le-seoladh-inniu/</ref>. * Aistríodh é go dtí na teangacha seo freisin: An Ioruais, An Danmhairgis, An Ghearmáinis, An Turcais, An Ísiltíris, An Iodáilis, an Ungáiris agus An tSeicis ina measc. == Féach freisin == * [[Shehan Karunatilaka]], agus ''The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida'' * [[Die neuen Leiden des jungen W.]] le [[Ulrich Plenzdorf]], == Naisc Sheachtracha == * [http://www.gaelport.com/nuacht?NewsItemID=5317 Alt faoin scannán]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.rte.ie/drama/radio/plays/classic/2012/0329/647023-genres-classic-crenacille/ Dráma Raidió RTÉ] * [https://tuairisc.ie/duais-idirnaisiunta-taighde-buaite-ag-leabhar-faoi-cre-na-cille/ Tuairisc 2024-07-10: Duais idirnáisiúnta taighde buaite ag leabhar faoi Cré na Cille] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Rialú údaráis}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cre na Cille}} [[Catagóir:Leabhair le Máirtín Ó Cadhain|*]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta le Máirtín Ó Cadhain|*]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair Ghaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean tuairimeach]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean uafáis Éireannach]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean uafáis i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean uafáis]] [[Catagóir:Aistriúcháin]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh in 1949]] [[Catagóir:Leabhair a foilsíodh sna 1940idí]] 83z3earhga8ga3vvdkdoy58s2naxixy 0 44217 1327912 1085106 2026-09-13T10:20:51Z CommonsDelinker 440 Ag baint [[:Íomhá:Sydney_Cove,_Port_Jackson_in_the_County_of_Cumberland_-_F._F._delineavit,_1769.jpg|Sydney_Cove,_Port_Jackson_in_the_County_of_Cumberland_-_F._F._delineavit,_1769.jpg]] amach, agus ag chur [[:Íomhá:Sydney_Cove,_Port_Jackson_in_the_County_ 1327912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Bhí '''Patrick Geary'''<ref>Níl a fhios go díreach cén sloinne a bheadh ar Geary i nGaeilge sa chás seo: tá baint ag “Ó Gadhra” le Contae Chorcaí, ach tá “Mac Gadhra” le fáil i gContae Ros Comáin. Féach MacLysaght, lch 121.</ref> ar na saighdiúirí a tháinig ó [[Éire|Éirinn]] go dtí an [[Astráil]] ar an long daoránach ''Britannia'' sa bhliain 1797.<ref> Bhí an long seo ar cheann de chúig long Éireannacha a bhain Botany Bay amach idir na blianta 1791 agus 1791: ba iad ''Boddingtons'', ''Queen'', ''Marquis Conrnwallis'' agus ''Sugar Cane'' na cinn eile. Féach Hall.</ref> [[Íomhá:Sydney Cove, Port Jackson in the County of Cumberland - F. F. delineavit, 1789.jpg|thumb|Sydney Cove sa bhliain 1788. Francis Fowkes a tharraing.]] Bhí Gaeilge ag Geary, mar tá sé luaite mar ateangaire cúirte in Sydney ar an 20 Lúnasa 1808 ar son Patrick Henchan, daoránach a raibh gadaíocht curtha ina leith.<ref>Hall, lch 238.</ref> Is féidir talamh slán a dhéanamh de ó thaobh na staitisticí teanga de go raibh roinnt éigin cainteoirí Gaeilge le fáil sna longa úd,<ref>Féach na staitisticí teanga in Fitzgerald, Garret: ‘Estimates for baronies of minimum level of Irish-speaking amongst successive decennial cohorts: 1771-1781 to 1861-1871,’ ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy'', Volume 84, Dublin 1984.</ref> ach is annamh tagairt phearsanta den saghas seo le fáil mar léargas ar luathstair na Gaeilge san Astráil. == Nótaí == {{reflist}} == Tagairtí == * Hall, Barbara (2006). ''Death or Liberty: The Convicts of the Britannia, Ireland to Botany Bay, 1797''. Hall. ISBN 0-9581499-2-5 * MacLysaght, Edward (1978). ''The Surnames of Ireland''. Irish Academic Press. ISBN 0-7165-2278-0 == Naisc == * [[An Ghaeilge san Astráil]] * [[Liosta stairiúil lucht Gaeilge san Astráil]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Geary, Patrick}} [[Catagóir:Diaspóra Éireannach]] 59jol0vynalhrcyl3dqihq27blpadom 0 45640 1327895 1323910 2026-09-12T23:16:45Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327895 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Smoke-by-a-window-in-a-pub.jpg|deas|200px|thumb|Caitheamh tobac éighníomhach]] Is éard is '''caitheamh fulangach'''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.focloir.ie/ga/dictionary/ei/caitheamh+fulangach|teideal=caitheamh fulangach - Aistriúchán Gaeilge ar caitheamh fulangach (An Foclóir Nua Béarla-Gaeilge)|work=www.focloir.ie|dátarochtana=2021-03-29}}</ref> '''tobac''' ann ná nuair a ionanálaíonn duine, nach gcaitheann [[tobac]], isteach deatach duine atá ag caitheamh tobac.<ref>Bhí sáinmhiniú eile ag Matt Hussey, Fréamh an Eolais (2011): "Ionanálú deatach tobac a chuireann caiteoirí san aer ag daoine nach gcaitheann tobac iad féin."</ref> Méadaíonn sé an priacal go dtolgfaidh neamhchaiteoirí ailse [[scamhóg]] is [[galar corónach croí]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.potafocal.com/beo/?s=fulangach|teideal=Pota Focal {{!}} fulangach|language=en|work=Pota Focal|dátarochtana=2022-03-29}}{{Dead link|date=Meán Fómhair 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Déanann an deatach seo, 'caitheamh fulangach', an dochar céanna dúinn agus a dhéanann sé don duine atá ag caitheamh an tobac.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/teastas-soisearach/osps/notai/triu-bliain/ag-caitheamh-tobac/|teideal=Ag caitheamh tobac {{!}} COGG|language=ga-GA|dátarochtana=2021-03-29|archivedate=2021-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418083325/https://www.cogg.ie/teastas-soisearach/osps/notai/triu-bliain/ag-caitheamh-tobac/}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Please Don't Make Me Smoke! Facts about Second-hand Smoke and Smoking during Pregnancy (IA MH19D14538).pdf|clé|mion|"Please Don't Make Me Smoke! Facts about Second-hand Smoke and Smoking during Pregnancy", Alaska Native Health Board, 1994]] Ar [[29 Márta]] [[2004]], chuir rialtas na hÉireann cosc ar thobac a chaitheamh in áiteanna oibre. Cinneadh ceannródaíoch a bhí ann ag an am … Ba í Éire an chéad tír ar domhan chun a leithéid a dhéanamh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/no-smoking-ireland-makes-history-with-cigarette-ban-29926186.html|teideal=No Smoking! Ireland makes history with cigarette ban|language=en|work=independent|dátarochtana=2021-03-29}}</ref> Tháinig riail isteach a chur cosc ar dhaoine tobac a chaitheamh sa chuid is mó d’áiteanna poiblí i dtíortha eile chomh maith. == Féach freisin == * [[Caitheamh tobac]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Síol-sláinte}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Caitheamh fulangach}} [[Catagóir:Sláinte]] [[Catagóir:Ailse]] [[Catagóir:Scamhóga]] [[Catagóir:Caitheamh tobac]] mvjhhqf3mxfll2vlu0pu1w170pcen3m 0 57127 1327890 1096435 2026-09-12T22:15:21Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Is [[bardas]] i n[[Groningen (cúige)|Groningen]], [[an Ísiltír]] é '''Bellingwedde'''. Tá 8,908 duine ina gcónaí i mBellingwedde. == Nasc seachtrach == http://www.Bellingwedde.nl {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112021908/https://www.bellingwedde.nl/ |date=2017-11-12 }} {{stumpa-tír-nl}} [[Catagóir:Groningen (cúige)]] suomsc57qsouitpslr74xwi4mczwknw 0 87089 1327913 1227937 2026-09-13T10:33:08Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta‎}} Is stáisiún raidió i g[[Corcaigh]] é '''Raidió Pobail Chathair Chorcaí''' ([[Béarla]]: ''{{lang|en|Cork City Community Radio}}''). Bunaíodh in 2009 é. Craolann sé ar 100.5FM. * [https://cr.ie/ suíomh gréasáin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829102436/https://cr.ie/ |date=2018-08-29 }} == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síol-ie}} [[Catagóir:Stáisiúin raidió in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Stáisiúin raidió a thosaigh ag craoladh i 2009]] r3uhi6uf9y6tsvwp75vdcgpcyfnl9sh 0 89003 1327906 1308862 2026-09-13T08:13:44Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Ainmhí Bheo}} Is speiceas éisc [[Fionnuisce|fhionnuisce]] é an chiclid '''''Mikrogeophagus ramirezi''''', atá [[eindéimeach]] chuig abhantrach na [[An Oranócó|hOranócó]], i sabhána [[Veiniséala]] agus na [[An Cholóim|Colóime]] i Meiriceá Theas.<ref name="fishbase">{{Lua idirlín|url=http://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=12305&genusname=Mikrogeophagus&speciesname=ramirezi|teideal=Cóip cartlainne|dátarochtana=2019-03-19|archivedate=2016-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194243/http://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=12305&genusname=Mikrogeophagus&speciesname=ramirezi}}</ref> Scrúdaíodh an speiceas i staidéir ar iompar éisc <ref> Robins CR, Bailey RM, Bond CE, Brooker JR, Lachner EA, Lea RN, Scott WB (1991) Tá éisc dhomhanda tábhachtach do Meiriceá Thuaidh. Speicis eisiacha ó uiscí ilchríochacha na Stát Aontaithe agus Cheanada. ''Am. Iasc. Soc. Son. Foilsigh.'' '''21:''' p. 243. </ref> agus is iasc uisceadáin é a bhfuil tóir air, a thrádáiltear faoi ainmneacha éagsúla coitianta, lena n-áirítear ram, ram gorm, ram gorm na Gearmáine, ram na hÁise, an chiclid féileacáin, an mionchiclid féileacáin,agus Ramirezi.<ref name="fishbase" /> <ref name="dcichlids">Linke H, Staeck L (1994) ''American cichlids I: Dwarf Cichlids. A handbook for their identification, care and breeding.'' Tetra Press. Germany. {{ISBN|1-56465-168-1}}</ref><ref name="baensch">{{cite book|last=Riehl|first=Rüdiger. Editor.|author2=Baensch, HA|title=Aquarium Atlas|year=1996|edition=5th|publisher=Tetra Press|location=Germany|isbn=3-88244-050-3}}</ref><ref name="Loiselle">{{cite book|last=Loiselle|first=Paul V.|title=The Cichlid Aquarium|url=https://archive.org/details/cichlidaquarium0000lois|year=1995|publisher=Tetra Press|location=Germany|isbn=1-56465-146-0}}</ref><ref> Axelrod HR, Vorderwinkler W (1995) ''Encyclopedia na n-iasc trópaiceach'' 30ú Edn. Foilseacháin TFH, SAM. </ref> Tá an speiceas ina bhall den [[Fine (bitheolaíocht)|fhine]] Cichlidae agus den fhofhine Geophaginae.<ref name="fishbase" /> <ref name="ITIS">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=649520}}</ref> == Cur síos == [[Íomhá:Male_Blue_Ram.png|clé|mion|200x200px| ''M.'' ''ramirezi f''ireann]] [[Íomhá:Female_Blue_Ram.png|clé|mion|200x200px| ''M.'' ''ramirezi baineann'' ]] == San uisceadán (Tuilleadh Léitheoireachta) == * [http://firsttimemarinekeeper.com/tropical/tropical-fish/electric-blue-ram/ Electric Blue Ram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321144108/https://firsttimemarinekeeper.com/tropical/tropical-fish/electric-blue-ram/ |date=2019-03-21 }}, First Time Marine Keeper, 2019 * [https://www.theaquariumguide.com/articles/blue-ram-cichlid-care-guide Cúram Gorm Gorm Cichlid Care]{{Dead link|date=Meán Fómhair 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, The Aquarium Guide * [http://animal-world.com/encyclo/fresh/cichlid/RamCichlid.php Ram Cichlid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323141046/http://animal-world.com/encyclo/fresh/cichlid/RamCichlid.php |date=2019-03-23 }}, Animal-World <br /><br /><br /><br /> <nowiki></br></nowiki> === Cineálacha === == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == <references group=""></references> elemccekb1olramea969zp84y5nc75w 0 89460 1327900 1283113 2026-09-13T02:12:24Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Carachtar}} I [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], dia leighis ab ea '''Dian Céacht''' ([[Sean-Ghaeilge]] '''Dían Cécht,''' darb ainm chomh maith ''Cainte'' nó ''Canta'') na [[Tuatha Dé Danann|dTuath Dé Danann]]. Athair ''Cu'', ''Cethen'' agus [[Cian|Chéin]] ann ea é.<ref name="Faery">{{ cite book | last = Reidling | first = Kisma | title = Faery-Faith Traditional Wisdom | volume = Irish Cosmology & Faery Glamoury | publisher = AuthorHouse| date = 3ú Samhain 2004 }}</ref> B'iad [[Miach]], ''[[Airmed]]'', ''[[Étan]]'' file agus ''[[Ochtriullach]]'' a pháistí eile.<ref name="Lebor">{{cite book | title = ''[[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]]'' | volume = IV | publisher = Irish Texts Society | location = Baile Átha Cliath | year = 1941 }}</ref><ref name="CMT">{{cite book | title = ''Cath Maige Tuireadh'' | url = http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/cmt/cmteng.htm }}</ref> Sa [[Dinnseanchas]], deirtear gur mac [[Daghdha]] é Dian Céacht.<ref>''[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G106500D/index.html The Metrical Dindshenchas]'' ar CELT</ref> Ba sheanathair athartha [[Lugh]] é. ==Sanasaíocht== Is amhlaidh<ref>A bhuí le hathruithe fuaime na [[teangeolaíocht]]a i [[Teangacha Ceilteacha]] (McCone, 1996) agus anailís den [[foclóir|fhoclóir]] [[Prótai-Ceiltis|Prótai-Ceiltise]] den [[Ollscoil na Breataine Bige]] agus an ''[[Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch]]'' le [[Julius Pokorny]]</ref> go bhfuil an t-ainm fréamhaithe ón b[[Prótai-Ceiltis]] ''*Deino-kwekwto-'', ‘comhbhruith gasta’. Sa tSean-Ghaeilge, ciallaíonn ''cécht''<ref>[http://dil.ie/8432 1 cécht] ar eDIL</ref> sail chéachta,<ref>[http://dil.ie/8432 1 cécht (a)] ar eDIL</ref> a luaigh go fileata don chéachta iomlán.<ref>{{cite book | first = John | last = Shaw | title = Indo-European Dragon-Slayers and Healers, and the Irish account of Dian Cécht and Méiche | url = http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/nikolaev/files/Nikolaev_The_Germanic_Word_for_Sword.pdf | page = 15 | archive-date = 2014-08-08 | access-date = 2019-05-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140808182030/http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/nikolaev/files/Nikolaev_The_Germanic_Word_for_Sword.pdf | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808182030/http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/nikolaev/files/Nikolaev_The_Germanic_Word_for_Sword.pdf |date=2014-08-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/sengoidelc/duil-belrai/lorg.php?faclair=db&seorsa=Gaidhlig&facal=C%C3%A9cht&tairg=Cuardaigh | teideal = In Dúil Bélrai - Old Irish Glossary | accessdate = 2019-03-11 | dátarochtana = 2019-05-07 | archivedate = 2024-12-04 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20241204052504/https://www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk/sengoidelc/duil-belrai/lorg.php?faclair=db&seorsa=Gaidhlig&facal=C%C3%A9cht&tairg=Cuardaigh }}</ref><ref>[http://dil.ie/8432 1 cécht (b)] ar eDIL</ref> Is é brí le ''Dían'' ná díocasach, gasta, fuinniúil, nó tréan.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://storyarchaeology.com/the-story-of-airmed-from-cath-maige-tuired-2/ | teideal = The Story of Airmed from Cath Maige Tuired | accessdate = 2019-03-12 }}</ref>. Le cois sin, tugann ainmneacha a pháistí, [[Miach]] agus ''[[Airmed]]'', tacaí do ghaol le talmhaíochta agus treabhadh. De réir an ''Historical Encyclopedy of Celtic Culture'', d'fhéadfadh sé gur comhcheangal é an t-ainm Dían Cécht<ref>[http://dil.ie/15962 Dían Cécht] ar eDIL</ref> d'fhocail choitianta na Sean-Ghaeilge ''dían''<ref>[http://dil.ie/15951 1 dían] ar eDIL</ref> 'swift', agus ''cécht'', gluaiste mar 'cumhacht'.<ref>[[J. T. Koch]], ''Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia'', Iml. 1-4 - lch. 586.</ref><ref>[http://dil.ie/8433 2 cécht] ar eDIL</ref> Is amhlaidh ámh gur sanasaíocht thraidisiúnta na ndaoine é seo. Sa [[Cóir Anmann|Chóir Anmann]], tugtar ''deus'' mar ghluais ar ''dían''.<ref>[http://dil.ie/15952 2 dían] ar eDIL</ref> Dia de chuid miotaseolaíocht na Breataine Bige is ea [[Amaethon]], a bhfuil gaol aige le céachtaí. ==Tobar leigheasach== Bheannaigh Dian Céacht tobar darb ainm [[Sláine]], siar ó [[Cath Maighe Tuireadh|Mhaigh Tuireadh]] agus soir ó Loch Arbhach<ref>[https://www.logainm.ie/112063.aspx Loch Arbhach] ar logainm.ie</ref> in áit darb ainm Achadh an Chrann Úll (''Achad Abla''),<ref>[http://dil.ie/40 aball] ar eDIL</ref><ref name="Folklore, Volume 4">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4oMZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA488&lpg=PA488&dq=tuirbe+tragmar&source=bl&ots=v7VREOZ0Fz&sig=_yaW8KVe-1tD-U0FqK2rQaCK-Gg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjYxOTKzOXOAhVQAx4KHeGGASQQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=tuirbe%20tragmar&f=false Folklore Society, 1893]'' Imleabhar 4</ref> áit a thagadh na [[Tuatha Dé Danann]] chun folcadh agus leigheas agus iad gortaithe, sula dtéidís ar ais chun troda. Leigheasadh an tobar gach cneá ach [[dícheannadh]].<ref name="CMT" /> ==Beiriú na Bearú== Ba é Dian Ceacht a tharrtháil Éire tráth, agus ba chúis é, cé go hindíreach, ainm [[An Bhearú|na Bearú]].<ref name="Indo-European Dragon Slayers and Healers, and the Irish account of Dian Cecht and Meiche"/><ref name="sacred-texts.com">{{cite book | title = Celtic Myth and Legend: The Gaelic Gods | chapter = V. The Gods of the Gaels | url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/cml/cml09.htm }}</ref> Rugadh mac do [[Mór-Ríoghain|Mhór-Ríoghain]], bean chéile fíochmhar dia na neimhe, ach chomh uafáis a bhí sé gur thug lia na déithe, agus baol ina thuar aige, thug sé comhairle go marófaí ina leanbh é.<ref name="sacred-texts.com"/> Rinneadh amhlaidh, agus d'oscail Dian Céacht croí an linbh. D'aimsigh sé laistigh trí nathair a bheadh in ann agus iad fásta Éire a bhánú.<ref name="sacred-texts.com"/> Dhíothaigh sé na nathracha agus dhóigh sé iad ina luaithreach, chun olcas a gcoirp mharbha a chosc.<ref name="sacred-texts.com"/> Lena chois sin, rad sé an luaithreach isteach san abhainn ba ghiorra dó, óir go raibh faitíos air rompu fós. Agus, go deimhin, chomh nimhneach sin a bhí siad gur cuireadh an abha ag fiuchadh agus ag beiriú, agus maraíodh gach uile neach beo inti. Dá bharr sin, is é ainm na habhann ná An Bhearú as sin amach.<ref name="sacred-texts.com"/> According to the Metrical [[Dindsenchas]]: <blockquote><poem> 'No motion it made The ashes of Meichi the strongly smitten: The stream made sodden and silent past recovery The fell filth of the old serpent. Three turns the serpent made; It sought the soldier to consume him; It would have wasted by its doing the kine; The fell filth of the old serpent. Therefore Diancecht slew it; There rude reason for clean destroying it, For preventing it from wasting Worse than any wolf pack, from consuming utterly. Known to me is the grave where he cast it, A tomb without walls or roof-tree; Its ashes, evil without loveliness or innocence Found silent burial in noble Barrow.<ref name="Indo-European Dragon Slayers and Healers, and the Irish account of Dian Cecht and Meiche">https://www.academia.edu/10246879/Indo-European_Dragon-Slayers_and_Healers_and_the_Irish_Account_of_Dian_C%C3%A9cht_and_M%C3%A9iche</ref> </poem></blockquote> This tale in the [[Dinnseanchas]] indicates that the being slayed by Diancecht was a serpent named Meichi. Elsewhere the figure named as the slayer of Meichi is [[Mac Ceacht]].<ref name="Indo-European Dragon Slayers and Healers, and the Irish account of Dian Cecht and Meiche"/> ==Leigheas lámh Nuada== Rinne Dian Céacht land airgid do [[Nuada]], a bhí in ann bogadh agus feidhmiú mar ghnáthlámh. Ina dhiaidh sin, rinne [[Miach]] mac Diain lámh chnis agus feola in hionad. Mharaigh a athair é dá bharr, ite ag an éad toisc nach raibh seisean in ann a leithéid a dhéanamh. Cháin deirfiúr Mhéich, ''[[Airmed]]'', thar uaigh a dhearthár. Le titim a deora, d'fhás 365 luibh óna uaigh a chuir sise in eagair, ach a scaip a n-athair éadmhar. Deirtear dá bharr nach bhfuil eolas fosta ar chumhacht leighis na luibheanna ag aon duine daonna.<ref name="CMT"/> Bhí Dian Cecht in ann [[Midhir]] a leigheas nuair a chaill sé súil a scríobadh le cipín coill.<ref>''[[Tochmharc Éadaoine]].''</ref> ==Foinsí== * McCone, Kim (1996). ''Towards a Relative Chronology of Ancient and Medieval Celtic Sound Change.'' Magh Nuad: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Naomh Pádraig. {{ISBN|0-901519-40-5}}. ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} {{Scéalta miotaseolaíochta}} [[Catagóir:Tuatha Dé Danann]] jbdnc65kagt2oley337j02748n69enr 2 90902 1327873 1326863 2026-09-12T15:44:19Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ 1327873 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * Miotais agus stair na hÉireann ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conarthaí, Forais, Gníomhaireachtaí srl. * Timpeallacht ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]] ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} # ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]] # ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]] == Eochu Buadach == Dar le hathleaganacha ar leith de [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]] (LGÉ), bhí '''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach''') mac ''[[Dui Ladrach]]'' ina [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|Ardrí na hÉireann]]. '' However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]]. == Athleagan '' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:<ref name=lge265 /> {| class=wikitable ! Sean-Ghaeilge !! NuaGhaeilge |- | valign=top | Iarom roscascladh flaithius Ulad ó Themur, conrogabsat flaithius Eochu Buadach mac Duach—athair Ugaine Móir, dia raba altram [[Cimbáeth|Cimbáeda meic Fintain]]. | Ina dhiaidh sin, scaradh Ulaidh ó Theamhraigh, agus thóg Eochaidh Buach mac Duach flaitheas [Éireann] - athair Úgaine Mhóir, a bhí féin ina athair altrama Chiombaoith mhic Fhiontain. |} '' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.<ref name=lge264 /> However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann. '' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=lge265>[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].</ref> <ref name=lge264>LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.</ref> }} {{Laigin}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}} [[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] == Lughnasadh == | holiday_name = Lughnasadh | type = Pagan | longtype = Cultural,<br />Pagan ([[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]]) | image = Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg | caption = A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet|dolly]] representing the God [[Lugh]] | nickname = ''Lúnasa'' ([[Irish language|Modern Irish]])<br />''Lùnastal'' ([[Scottish Gaelic]])<br />''Luanistyn'' ([[Manx language|Manx Gaelic]]) | observedby = Historically: [[Gaels]]<br />Today: [[Irish people]], [[Scottish people]], [[Manx people]], [[Celtic Neopaganism|Celtic neopagans]], [[Wicca]]ns | significance = beginning of the harvest season | date = 1 August | celebrations = [[First Fruits|Offering of First Fruits]], feasting, [[handfasting (Neopaganism)|handfasting]], fairs, athletic contests | relatedto = [[Gathering Day|Calan Awst]], [[Lammas]] '' '''Lughnasadh''', '''Lughnasa''' or '''Lúnasa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|n|@|s|@}} {{respell|LOO|nə|sə}}, {{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠuːnˠəsˠə|lang}}) is a [[Gaels|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Isle of Man]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1 August, or about halfway between the [[summer solstice]] and [[september equinox|autumn equinox]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of [[Quarter days|the four]] Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc]], and [[Beltane]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. '' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Celtic polytheism|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]]), [[horse racing]], feasting, matchmaking, and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[sacred bull|a bull]], and a ritual dance-play. In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities. == Sanasaíocht In [[Old Irish]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}} ({{IPA|ga|ˈl̪ˠʊɣnˠəsˠəd̪ˠ|label=Modern Irish:}}). This is a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (an assembly), which is unstressed when used as a suffix.<ref name="Foclóir_Dineen" /> Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&pg=PA24 |title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref> Later spellings include {{lang|sga|Luᵹ̇nasaḋ}}, {{lang|sga|Lughnasadh}} and {{lang|sga|Lughnasa}}. ==Mythology and folklore [[File:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.<ref> [[Eamonn P. Kelly | Kelly, Eamonn]]. "The Iron Age". In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}</ref>]] '' In [[Irish mythology]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition—[[funeral games]]—to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.<ref name="Hicks Elder">{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Ronald |last2=Elder |first2=Laura |title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland |journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] |date=September 2003 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=307–336}}</ref> Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.<ref name="Hicks Elder"/> Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.<ref name="Hicks Elder"/> A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Teltown|Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].<ref name="monaghan297">Monaghan, pp.297–299</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 |url-status=live }}</ref> She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.<ref name=monaghan297 /> Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.<ref name="monaghan436">Monaghan, pp.436–437</ref> Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.<ref name=Elder /> <ref name=Coffey1913>{{Cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, & Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Leviton2006>{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}</ref> One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer. <ref name=Franklin2001>{{Cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&dq=lughnasa+mourning&pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}</ref> '' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods. One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure. The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind. <ref name=macneill416>MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416</ref> <ref name=gabhann2000>Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf "Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological & Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237</ref> Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.<ref name=macneill416 /> MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],<ref name=macneill416 /> which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun. <ref name=ogain1988>Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill & MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11</ref> In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]]. Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].<ref name=macneill416 /> He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time. <ref name=>Anna Franklin & Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001. p. 238</ref> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ klkz8tyaqqqrbp7hsei83283njddtrn 1327878 1327873 2026-09-12T17:51:51Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lughnasadh */ 1327878 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * Miotais agus stair na hÉireann ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conarthaí, Forais, Gníomhaireachtaí srl. * Timpeallacht ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]] ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} # ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]] # ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]] == Eochu Buadach == Dar le hathleaganacha ar leith de [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]] (LGÉ), bhí '''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach''') mac ''[[Dui Ladrach]]'' ina [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|Ardrí na hÉireann]]. '' However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]]. == Athleagan '' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:<ref name=lge265 /> {| class=wikitable ! Sean-Ghaeilge !! NuaGhaeilge |- | valign=top | Iarom roscascladh flaithius Ulad ó Themur, conrogabsat flaithius Eochu Buadach mac Duach—athair Ugaine Móir, dia raba altram [[Cimbáeth|Cimbáeda meic Fintain]]. | Ina dhiaidh sin, scaradh Ulaidh ó Theamhraigh, agus thóg Eochaidh Buach mac Duach flaitheas [Éireann] - athair Úgaine Mhóir, a bhí féin ina athair altrama Chiombaoith mhic Fhiontain. |} '' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.<ref name=lge264 /> However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann. '' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=lge265>[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].</ref> <ref name=lge264>LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.</ref> }} {{Laigin}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}} [[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] == Lughnasadh == [[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]] [[Íomhá:Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg | mion | 250px | A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet]] representing the God [[Lugh]]]] '' '''Lughnasadh''' is a [[Gaeil|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Oileán Mhanann|an Mhanainn]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1d Lúnasa, or about halfway between the [[Grianstad an tsamhraidh]] agus [[cónocht an fhómhair]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of the four Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc|Imbolc]] agus [[Bealtaine]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. '' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Ildiachas Ceilteach|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Aonach Thailtean]]), [[rásaíocht chapall]], feasting, matchmaking and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[tarbh sacred|tarbh]], and a ritual dance-play . In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities. == Sanasaíocht In [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}}, a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (tionól).<ref name="Foclóir_Dineen" /> Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.<ref name=Williams2018 /> == Mythology and folklore [[Íomhá:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg | mion | ''The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.<ref name=Kelly2002 />]] '' In [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition — [[funeral games]] — to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].<ref name=monaghan297 /><ref name=it2023 /> She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.<ref name=monaghan297 /> Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.<ref name=monaghan436 /> Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.<ref name=Hicks2003 /><ref name=Coffey1913 /><ref name=Leviton2006 /> One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.<ref name=Franklin2001 /> '' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods. One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure. The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.<ref name=macneill416 /><ref name=gabhann2000 /> Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.<ref name=macneill416 /> MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],<ref name=macneill416 /> which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.<ref name=ogain1988 /> In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]]. Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].<ref name=macneill416 /> He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.<ref name=FranklinMason2001 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Williams2018>{{cite book | last=Williams | first=Mark | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&pg=PA24 | title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth | date=2018-12-04 | publisher=Princeton University Press | isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 | pages=24 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Kelly2002>[[Eamonn P. Kelly|Kelly, Eamonn]]. "The Iron Age". In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}</ref> <ref name=monaghan297>Monaghan, ll. 297–299</ref> <ref name=monaghan436>Monaghan, ll. 436–437</ref> <ref name=it2023>{{cite news | teideal = The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival | url = https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | dátarochtana = 2023-07-10 | nuachtán = The Irish Times | teanga = en | archive-date=10 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Coffey1913>{{cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, & Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Leviton2006>{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Franklin2001>{{cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&dq=lughnasa+mourning&pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=macneill416>MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416</ref> <ref name=gabhann2000>Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf "Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological & Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237</ref> <ref name=ogain1988>Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill & MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11</ref> <ref name=FranklinMason2001>Anna Franklin & Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001, lch. 238</ref> }} == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ syppthoama5lynp59y9qctv7vtcller 1327880 1327878 2026-09-12T20:00:40Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1327880 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * Miotais agus stair na hÉireann ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conarthaí, Forais, Gníomhaireachtaí srl. * Timpeallacht ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]] ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} # ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]] # ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]] == Eochu Buadach == Dar le hathleaganacha ar leith de [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]] (LGÉ), bhí '''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach''') mac ''[[Dui Ladrach]]'' ina [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|Ardrí na hÉireann]]. '' However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]]. == Athleagan '' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:<ref name=lge265 /> {| class=wikitable ! Sean-Ghaeilge !! NuaGhaeilge |- | valign=top | Iarom roscascladh flaithius Ulad ó Themur, conrogabsat flaithius Eochu Buadach mac Duach—athair Ugaine Móir, dia raba altram [[Cimbáeth|Cimbáeda meic Fintain]]. | Ina dhiaidh sin, scaradh Ulaidh ó Theamhraigh, agus thóg Eochaidh Buach mac Duach flaitheas [Éireann] - athair Úgaine Mhóir, a bhí féin ina athair altrama Chiombaoith mhic Fhiontain. |} '' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.<ref name=lge264 /> However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann. '' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=lge265>[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].</ref> <ref name=lge264>LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.</ref> }} {{Laigin}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}} [[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] == Lughnasadh == [[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]] [[Íomhá:Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg | mion | 250px | A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet]] representing the God [[Lugh]]]] '' '''Lughnasadh''' is a [[Gaeil|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Oileán Mhanann|an Mhanainn]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1d Lúnasa, or about halfway between the [[Grianstad an tsamhraidh]] agus [[cónocht an fhómhair]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of the four Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc|Imbolc]] agus [[Bealtaine]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. '' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Ildiachas Ceilteach|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Aonach Thailtean]]), [[rásaíocht chapall]], feasting, matchmaking and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[tarbh sacred|tarbh]], and a ritual dance-play . In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities. == Sanasaíocht In [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}}, a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (tionól).<ref name="Foclóir_Dineen" /> Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.<ref name=Williams2018 /> == Mythology and folklore [[Íomhá:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg | mion | ''The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.<ref name=Kelly2002 />]] '' In [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition — [[funeral games]] — to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].<ref name=monaghan297 /><ref name=it2023 /> She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.<ref name=monaghan297 /> Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.<ref name=monaghan436 /> Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.<ref name=Hicks2003 /><ref name=Coffey1913 /><ref name=Leviton2006 /> One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.<ref name=Franklin2001 /> '' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods. One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure. The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.<ref name=macneill416 /><ref name=gabhann2000 /> Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.<ref name=macneill416 /> MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],<ref name=macneill416 /> which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.<ref name=ogain1988 /> In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]]. Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].<ref name=macneill416 /> He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.<ref name=FranklinMason2001 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Williams2018>{{cite book | last=Williams | first=Mark | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&pg=PA24 | title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth | date=2018-12-04 | publisher=Princeton University Press | isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 | pages=24 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Kelly2002>[[Eamonn P. Kelly|Kelly, Eamonn]]. "The Iron Age". In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}</ref> <ref name=Hicks2003>{{cite journal | last1=Hicks | first1=Ronald | last2=Elder | first2=Laura | title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland | journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] | date=September 2003 | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=307–336}}</ref> <ref name=monaghan297>Monaghan, ll. 297–299</ref> <ref name=monaghan436>Monaghan, ll. 436–437</ref> <ref name=it2023>{{cite news | teideal = The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival | url = https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | dátarochtana = 2023-07-10 | nuachtán = The Irish Times | teanga = en | archive-date=10 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Coffey1913>{{cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, & Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Leviton2006>{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Franklin2001>{{cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&dq=lughnasa+mourning&pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=macneill416>MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416</ref> <ref name=gabhann2000>Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf "Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological & Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237</ref> <ref name=ogain1988>Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill & MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11</ref> <ref name=FranklinMason2001>Anna Franklin & Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001, lch. 238</ref> }} == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ jxsd2zpdmsbfzmcebyfewl3alkpd2k8 1327889 1327880 2026-09-12T21:50:07Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lughnasadh */ 1327889 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * Miotais agus stair na hÉireann ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conarthaí, Forais, Gníomhaireachtaí srl. * Timpeallacht ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]] ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} # ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]] # ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]] == Eochu Buadach == Dar le hathleaganacha ar leith de [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]] (LGÉ), bhí '''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach''') mac ''[[Dui Ladrach]]'' ina [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|Ardrí na hÉireann]]. '' However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]]. == Athleagan '' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:<ref name=lge265 /> {| class=wikitable ! Sean-Ghaeilge !! NuaGhaeilge |- | valign=top | Iarom roscascladh flaithius Ulad ó Themur, conrogabsat flaithius Eochu Buadach mac Duach—athair Ugaine Móir, dia raba altram [[Cimbáeth|Cimbáeda meic Fintain]]. | Ina dhiaidh sin, scaradh Ulaidh ó Theamhraigh, agus thóg Eochaidh Buach mac Duach flaitheas [Éireann] - athair Úgaine Mhóir, a bhí féin ina athair altrama Chiombaoith mhic Fhiontain. |} '' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.<ref name=lge264 /> However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann. '' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=lge265>[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].</ref> <ref name=lge264>LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.</ref> }} {{Laigin}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}} [[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] == Lughnasadh == [[Celtic polytheism]], [[Celtic neopaganism]] [[Íomhá:Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg | mion | 250px | A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet]] representing the God [[Lugh]]]] '' '''Lughnasadh''' is a [[Gaeil|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Oileán Mhanann|an Mhanainn]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1d Lúnasa, or about halfway between the [[Grianstad an tsamhraidh]] agus [[cónocht an fhómhair]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of the four Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc|Imbolc]] agus [[Bealtaine]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. '' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Ildiachas Ceilteach|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Aonach Thailtean]]), [[rásaíocht chapall]], feasting, matchmaking and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[tarbh sacred|tarbh]], and a ritual dance-play . In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities. == Sanasaíocht In [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}}, a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (tionól).<ref name=FoclóirDineen /> Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.<ref name=Williams2018 /> == Mythology and folklore [[Íomhá:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg | mion | ''The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.<ref name=Kelly2002 />]] '' In [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition — [[funeral games]] — to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].<ref name=monaghan297 /><ref name=it2023 /> She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.<ref name=monaghan297 /> Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.<ref name=monaghan436 /> Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.<ref name=Hicks2003 /><ref name=Coffey1913 /><ref name=Leviton2006 /> One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.<ref name=Franklin2001 /> '' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods. One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure. The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.<ref name=macneill416 /><ref name=gabhann2000 /> Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.<ref name=macneill416 /> MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],<ref name=macneill416 /> which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.<ref name=ogain1988 /> In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]]. Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].<ref name=macneill416 /> He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.<ref name=FranklinMason2001 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=FoclóirDineen>{{cite book | last=Dineen | first=Patrick S. | title=Foclóir Gaeďilge agus Béarla an Irish–English Dictionary | publisher=The Educational Company of Ireland, Ltd | year=1927 | location=Dublin and Cork, Ireland}}</ref> <ref name=Williams2018>{{cite book | last=Williams | first=Mark | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&pg=PA24 | title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth | date=2018-12-04 | publisher=Princeton University Press | isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 | pages=24 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Kelly2002>[[Eamonn P. Kelly|Kelly, Eamonn]]. "The Iron Age". In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}</ref> <ref name=Hicks2003>{{cite journal | last1=Hicks | first1=Ronald | last2=Elder | first2=Laura | title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland | journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] | date=September 2003 | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=307–336}}</ref> <ref name=monaghan297>Monaghan, ll. 297–299</ref> <ref name=monaghan436>Monaghan, ll. 436–437</ref> <ref name=it2023>{{cite news | teideal = The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival | url = https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | dátarochtana = 2023-07-10 | nuachtán = The Irish Times | teanga = en | archive-date=10 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Coffey1913>{{cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, & Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Leviton2006>{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Franklin2001>{{cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&dq=lughnasa+mourning&pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=macneill416>MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416</ref> <ref name=gabhann2000>Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf "Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological & Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237</ref> <ref name=ogain1988>Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill & MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11</ref> <ref name=FranklinMason2001>Anna Franklin & Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001, lch. 238</ref> }} == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ a8wrkuqa2qo551kftkq5akoe3pvha3o 1327893 1327889 2026-09-12T22:34:05Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lughnasadh */ 1327893 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * Miotais agus stair na hÉireann ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conarthaí, Forais, Gníomhaireachtaí srl. * Timpeallacht ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]] ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} # ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]] # ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]] == Eochu Buadach == Dar le hathleaganacha ar leith de [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]] (LGÉ), bhí '''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach''') mac ''[[Dui Ladrach]]'' ina [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|Ardrí na hÉireann]]. '' However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]]. == Athleagan '' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:<ref name=lge265 /> {| class=wikitable ! Sean-Ghaeilge !! NuaGhaeilge |- | valign=top | Iarom roscascladh flaithius Ulad ó Themur, conrogabsat flaithius Eochu Buadach mac Duach—athair Ugaine Móir, dia raba altram [[Cimbáeth|Cimbáeda meic Fintain]]. | Ina dhiaidh sin, scaradh Ulaidh ó Theamhraigh, agus thóg Eochaidh Buach mac Duach flaitheas [Éireann] - athair Úgaine Mhóir, a bhí féin ina athair altrama Chiombaoith mhic Fhiontain. |} '' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.<ref name=lge264 /> However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann. '' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=lge265>[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].</ref> <ref name=lge264>LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.</ref> }} {{Laigin}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}} [[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] == Lughnasadh == [[Ildiachas Ceilteach]] [[Íomhá:Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg | mion | 250px | '' A [[cereal|corn]] [[poppet]] representing the God [[Lugh]]]] '' '''Lughnasadh''' is a [[Gaeil|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Oileán Mhanann|an Mhanainn]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1d Lúnasa, or about halfway between the [[Grianstad an tsamhraidh]] agus [[cónocht an fhómhair]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of the four Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc|Imbolc]] agus [[Bealtaine]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. '' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Ildiachas Ceilteach|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Aonach Thailtean]]), [[rásaíocht chapall]], feasting, matchmaking and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[tarbh sacred|tarbh]], and a ritual dance-play . In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities. == Sanasaíocht In [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}}, a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (tionól).<ref name=FoclóirDineen /> Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.<ref name=Williams2018 /> == Mythology and folklore [[Íomhá:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg | mion | ''The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.<ref name=Kelly2002 />]] '' In [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition — [[funeral games]] — to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].<ref name=monaghan297 /><ref name=it2023 /> She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.<ref name=monaghan297 /> Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.<ref name=monaghan436 /> Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.<ref name=Hicks2003 /><ref name=Coffey1913 /><ref name=Leviton2006 /> One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.<ref name=Franklin2001 /> '' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods. One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure. The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.<ref name=macneill416 /><ref name=gabhann2000 /> Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.<ref name=macneill416 /> MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],<ref name=macneill416 /> which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.<ref name=ogain1988 /> In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]]. Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].<ref name=macneill416 /> He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.<ref name=FranklinMason2001 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=FoclóirDineen>{{cite book | last=Dineen | first=Patrick S. | title=Foclóir Gaeďilge agus Béarla an Irish–English Dictionary | publisher=The Educational Company of Ireland, Ltd | year=1927 | location=Dublin and Cork, Ireland}}</ref> <ref name=Williams2018>{{cite book | last=Williams | first=Mark | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&pg=PA24 | title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth | date=2018-12-04 | publisher=Princeton University Press | isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 | pages=24 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Kelly2002>[[Eamonn P. Kelly|Kelly, Eamonn]]. "The Iron Age". In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}</ref> <ref name=Hicks2003>{{cite journal | last1=Hicks | first1=Ronald | last2=Elder | first2=Laura | title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland | journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] | date=September 2003 | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=307–336}}</ref> <ref name=monaghan297>Monaghan, ll. 297–299</ref> <ref name=monaghan436>Monaghan, ll. 436–437</ref> <ref name=it2023>{{cite news | teideal = The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival | url = https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | dátarochtana = 2023-07-10 | nuachtán = The Irish Times | teanga = en | archive-date=10 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Coffey1913>{{cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, & Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Leviton2006>{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Franklin2001>{{cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&dq=lughnasa+mourning&pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=macneill416>MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416</ref> <ref name=gabhann2000>Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf "Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological & Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237</ref> <ref name=ogain1988>Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill & MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11</ref> <ref name=FranklinMason2001>Anna Franklin & Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001, lch. 238</ref> }} == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ kh3t964gmo9x5dbmzjo71g6lwyl7v7g 1327894 1327893 2026-09-12T22:51:07Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lughnasadh */ 1327894 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * Miotais agus stair na hÉireann ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conarthaí, Forais, Gníomhaireachtaí srl. * Timpeallacht ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]] ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} # ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]] # ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]] == Eochu Buadach == Dar le hathleaganacha ar leith de [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]] (LGÉ), bhí '''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach''') mac ''[[Dui Ladrach]]'' ina [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|Ardrí na hÉireann]]. '' However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]]. == Athleagan '' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:<ref name=lge265 /> {| class=wikitable ! Sean-Ghaeilge !! NuaGhaeilge |- | valign=top | Iarom roscascladh flaithius Ulad ó Themur, conrogabsat flaithius Eochu Buadach mac Duach—athair Ugaine Móir, dia raba altram [[Cimbáeth|Cimbáeda meic Fintain]]. | Ina dhiaidh sin, scaradh Ulaidh ó Theamhraigh, agus thóg Eochaidh Buach mac Duach flaitheas [Éireann] - athair Úgaine Mhóir, a bhí féin ina athair altrama Chiombaoith mhic Fhiontain. |} '' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.<ref name=lge264 /> However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann. '' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=lge265>[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].</ref> <ref name=lge264>LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.</ref> }} {{Laigin}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}} [[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] == Lughnasadh == [[Íomhá:Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg | mion | 250px | [[Bábóg]] [[gránbharr|ghránbhairr]] a léiríonn an dia, [[Lugh]]]] '' '''Lughnasadh''' is a [[Gaeil|Gaelic]] festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the [[Oileán Mhanann|an Mhanainn]]. Traditionally, it is held on 1d Lúnasa, or about halfway between the [[Grianstad an tsamhraidh]] agus [[cónocht an fhómhair]]. In recent centuries, some celebrations have shifted to Sundays near this date. Lughnasadh is one of the four Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc|Imbolc]] agus [[Bealtaine]]. It corresponds to the Welsh {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} and the English [[Lammas]]. '' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[early Irish literature]] and has [[Ildiachas Ceilteach|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Aonach Thailtean]]), [[rásaíocht chapall]], feasting, matchmaking and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[tarbh sacred|tarbh]], and a ritual dance-play . In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities. == Sanasaíocht In [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}}, a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (tionól).<ref name=FoclóirDineen /> Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.<ref name=Williams2018 /> == Mythology and folklore [[Íomhá:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg | mion | ''The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.<ref name=Kelly2002 />]] '' In [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition — [[funeral games]] — to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].<ref name=monaghan297 /><ref name=it2023 /> She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.<ref name=monaghan297 /> Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.<ref name=monaghan436 /> Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.<ref name=Hicks2003 /><ref name=Coffey1913 /><ref name=Leviton2006 /> One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.<ref name=Franklin2001 /> '' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods. One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure. The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.<ref name=macneill416 /><ref name=gabhann2000 /> Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.<ref name=macneill416 /> MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],<ref name=macneill416 /> which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.<ref name=ogain1988 /> In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]]. Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].<ref name=macneill416 /> He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.<ref name=FranklinMason2001 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=FoclóirDineen>{{cite book | last=Dineen | first=Patrick S. | title=Foclóir Gaeďilge agus Béarla an Irish–English Dictionary | publisher=The Educational Company of Ireland, Ltd | year=1927 | location=Dublin and Cork, Ireland}}</ref> <ref name=Williams2018>{{cite book | last=Williams | first=Mark | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&pg=PA24 | title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth | date=2018-12-04 | publisher=Princeton University Press | isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 | pages=24 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Kelly2002>[[Eamonn P. Kelly|Kelly, Eamonn]]. "The Iron Age". In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}</ref> <ref name=Hicks2003>{{cite journal | last1=Hicks | first1=Ronald | last2=Elder | first2=Laura | title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland | journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] | date=September 2003 | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=307–336}}</ref> <ref name=monaghan297>Monaghan, ll. 297–299</ref> <ref name=monaghan436>Monaghan, ll. 436–437</ref> <ref name=it2023>{{cite news | teideal = The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival | url = https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | dátarochtana = 2023-07-10 | nuachtán = The Irish Times | teanga = en | archive-date=10 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Coffey1913>{{cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, & Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Leviton2006>{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Franklin2001>{{cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&dq=lughnasa+mourning&pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=macneill416>MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416</ref> <ref name=gabhann2000>Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf "Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological & Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237</ref> <ref name=ogain1988>Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill & MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11</ref> <ref name=FranklinMason2001>Anna Franklin & Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001, lch. 238</ref> }} == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 28qt326w3j9ujba8unu7meiwrl3ieiv 1327915 1327894 2026-09-13T10:44:07Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1327915 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Speisialta:Statistics]] (23/10/25 -> reatha) ** 134 -> {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} duine ar bhonn rialta ** 62,524 -> {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} alt * [[:Catagóir:Leathanaigh le luas-scrios]] * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Teimpléid|Teimpléid]] atá ar fáil * [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Wikidata list|Wikidata list]]s * Miotais agus stair na hÉireann ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Scéalta|Scéalta]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/An Féineachas|An Féineachas]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna|Lochanna]]- ** -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Tuamaí|Tuamaí]]- * -[[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin|Réigiúin]]- an tAontas Eorpach, NUTS, Conarthaí, Forais, Gníomhaireachtaí srl. * Timpeallacht ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Comhshaol|Comhshaol]] ** [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Téamh Domhanda|Téamh Domhanda]] {| class=wikitable |- ! Dream !! Ríocht !! Ríthe |- | [[Laighin]] || [[Ríocht na Laighean]] || [[Ríthe na Laighean]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Connachta]] || [[Ríthe na gConnacht]] |- | [[Dáirine]] || [[Ríocht na Mumhan]] || [[Ríthe na Mumhan]] |- | colspan=2 | [[Ulaid]] || [[Ríthe na nUladh]] |} # ''[[:en:Eochu Buadach|Eochu Buadach]]'' - [[Eochu Buadach]] # ''[[:en:Lughnasadh|Lughnasadh]]'' - [[Lughnasadh]] == Eochu Buadach == Dar le hathleaganacha ar leith de [[Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann]] (LGÉ), bhí '''Eochaidh Buach''' (Sean-Ghaeilge: '''Eochu Buadach''') mac ''[[Dui Ladrach]]'' ina [[Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann|Ardrí na hÉireann]]. '' However, he is not included as a High King in other versions of the story. He was the father of two High Kings of Ireland, [[Úgaine Mór]] and [[Bodbchad]]. == Athleagan '' According to the [[R. A. Stewart Macalister]] translation of Lebor Gabála Érenn, in part 5, page 265, it says:<ref name=lge265 /> {| class=wikitable ! Sean-Ghaeilge !! NuaGhaeilge |- | valign=top | Iarom roscascladh flaithius Ulad ó Themur, conrogabsat flaithius Eochu Buadach mac Duach—athair Ugaine Móir, dia raba altram [[Cimbáeth|Cimbáeda meic Fintain]]. | Ina dhiaidh sin, scaradh Ulaidh ó Theamhraigh, agus thóg Eochaidh Buach mac Duach flaitheas [Éireann] - athair Úgaine Mhóir, a bhí féin ina athair altrama Chiombaoith mhic Fhiontain. |} '' Macalister says that it is an abstract from the Roll of the Kings from [[Óengus Olmucaid|Oengus Olmucach]] to Cimbáeth, appended to the '''Second Redaction (R²)'''. Macalister describes the text as an ''Emain Macha interpolation''.<ref name=lge264 /> However, Macalister does not include Eochu Buadach as a High King in his main Ardríthe na hÉireann. '' If Eochu Buadach was a High King of Ireland for any period of time, his reign would have been near the end of the reign of [[Cimbáeth]], and his reign ended in 661 BC, according to the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] timeline. == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=lge265>[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]], Cuid V, lch. 265; le [[R. A. Stewart Macalister|Robert Macalister]].</ref> <ref name=lge264>LGÉ, Cuid V, lch. 264.</ref> }} {{Laigin}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buadach, Eochu}} [[Catagóir:Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann]] == Lughnasadh == [[Íomhá:Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg | mion | 250px | [[Bábóg]] [[gránbharr|ghránbhairr]] a léiríonn an dia, [[Lugh]]]] Is féile [[Gaeil|Gaelach]] é '''Lughnasadh''' a cheiliúrtar tús an fhómhair ar fud na hÉireann, na hAlban agus [[Oileán Mhanann|na Manann]]. Go traidisiúnta, tharlaíodh sé ar an gcéad lá Lúnasa, idir [[grianstad an tsamhraidh]] agus [[cónocht an fhómhair]]. Le roinnt aoiseanna anuas, tarlaíonn sé ar an Domhnach is giorra dó. Is ar cheann desna ceithre fhéile shéasúracha é Lughnasadh, i dteannta le [[Samhain]], [[Imbolc|Imbolc]] agus [[Bealtaine]]. Tá nasc idir é agus {{lang|cy|Gŵyl Awst}} na Breataine Bige [[Lammas]] na Sasana. '' Lughnasadh is mentioned in [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael|luath-litríocht na hÉireann]] and has [[Ildiachas Ceilteach|pagan]] origins. The festival is named after the god [[Lugh]]. '' In the Middle Ages, it involved great gatherings that included ceremonies, athletic contests (most notably the [[Aonach Thailtean]]), [[rásaíocht chapall]], feasting, matchmaking and trading. According to folklorist [[Máire MacNeill]], evidence suggests that the religious rites included an offering of the [[First Fruits]], a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of [[tarbh sacred|tarbh]], and a ritual dance-play . In recent centuries, Lughnasadh gatherings have typically been held atop hills and mountains, including many of the same activities. == Sanasaíocht In [[Sean-Ghaeilge]] the name was {{lang|sga|Lugnasad}}, a combination of {{lang|sga|Lug}} (the god [[Lugh]]) and {{lang|sga|násad}} (tionól).<ref name=FoclóirDineen /> Another theory is that it originated from the word ''nás'' (death), rather than ''násad''.<ref name=Williams2018 /> == Mythology and folklore [[Íomhá:Testa in pietra con più facce, da corleck hill, co. di cavan, I-II secolo dc. 03.jpg | mion | ''The [[Corleck Head]] is a carved stone head with three faces associated with a site of Lughnasadh celebrations in Ireland. It dates from the 1st or 2nd century AD.<ref name=Kelly2002 />]] '' I [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Lughnasadh is said to have been founded by the god [[Lugh]] as a funeral feast and athletic competition — [[funeral games]] — to commemorate the death of an earth goddess.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Irish myths about Lughnasadh and Lughnasadh sites tend to feature a woman who is carried off or held against her will, and who dies of grief, shame, exhaustion, or unspecified natural causes.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> Parallels with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] tale of [[Persephone]] have been noted.<ref name=Hicks2003 /> A story about the Lughnasadh site of [[Tailtin]] says the festival was founded by Lugh as funeral games in memory of his foster-mother [[Tailtiu]].<ref name=monaghan297 /><ref name=it2023 /> She was said to have died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture.<ref name=monaghan297 /> Tailtiu may have been an earth goddess who represented the dying vegetation that fed mankind.<ref name=monaghan436 /> Another tale, about the assembly site of [[an Nás]], says that Lugh founded the festival in memory of his two wives, the sisters Nás and Bói.<ref name=Hicks2003 /><ref name=Coffey1913 /><ref name=Leviton2006 /> One theory is that it was a mourning (or wake) for the end of summer.<ref name=Franklin2001 /> '' Folklorist Máire MacNeill extensively studied the later folklore and traditions of Lughnasadh. She concludes that the main theme is a struggle for the harvest between two gods. One god, usually called [[Crom Dubh]] in later folklore, guards the grain as his treasure. The other god, Lugh, must seize it for mankind.<ref name=macneill416 /><ref name=gabhann2000 /> Sometimes, this was portrayed as a struggle over a woman called [[Eithne]], who represents the grain. Lugh also fights and defeats a figure representing blight.<ref name=macneill416 /> MacNeill says that these themes can be seen in earlier Irish mythology, particularly in the tale of Lugh defeating [[Balor]],<ref name=macneill416 /> which seems to represent the overcoming of blight, drought and the scorching summer sun.<ref name=ogain1988 /> In surviving folklore, Lugh is usually replaced by [[Naomh Pádraig]], while Crom Dubh is a pagan chief who owns a granary or a bull and who opposes Patrick, but is overcome and [[Conversion to Christianity|converted]]. Crom Dubh is likely the same figure as [[Crom Cruach]] and shares some traits with an [[Dagda]] and [[Donn]].<ref name=macneill416 /> He may be based on an underworld god like [[Hades]] and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], who kidnaps the grain goddess Persephone but is forced to let her return to the world above before harvest time.<ref name=FranklinMason2001 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=FoclóirDineen>{{cite book | last=Dineen | first=Patrick S. | title=Foclóir Gaeďilge agus Béarla an Irish–English Dictionary | publisher=The Educational Company of Ireland, Ltd | year=1927 | location=Dublin and Cork, Ireland}}</ref> <ref name=Williams2018>{{cite book | last=Williams | first=Mark | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3SYDwAAQBAJ&dq=DIL+death+meaning+n%C3%A1s&pg=PA24 | title=Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth | date=2018-12-04 | publisher=Princeton University Press | isbn=978-0-691-18304-6 | pages=24 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Kelly2002>[[Eamonn P. Kelly|Kelly, Eamonn]]. "The Iron Age". In Ó Floinn, Raghnal; Wallace, Patrick (eds). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities. National Museum of Ireland, 2002. p. 142. {{isbn|978-0-7171-2829-7}}</ref> <ref name=Hicks2003>{{cite journal | last1=Hicks | first1=Ronald | last2=Elder | first2=Laura | title=Festivals, Deaths, and the Sacred Landscape of Ancient Ireland | journal=[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]] | date=September 2003 | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=307–336}}</ref> <ref name=monaghan297>Monaghan, ll. 297–299</ref> <ref name=monaghan436>Monaghan, ll. 436–437</ref> <ref name=it2023>{{cite news | teideal = The story of La Lughnasa, first day of Ireland's ancient harvest festival | url = https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | dátarochtana = 2023-07-10 | nuachtán = The Irish Times | teanga = en | archive-date=10 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710124613/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/the-story-of-la-lughnasa-first-day-of-ireland-s-ancient-harvest-festival-1.3582934 | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Coffey1913>{{cite book | last=Coffey | first=George | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xctAAAAYAAJ&q=lugh+commemoration+nas | title=New Grange (Brugh Na Boinne) and Other Incised Tumuli in Ireland: The Influence of Crete and the Ægean in the Extreme West of Europe in Early Times | date=1912 | publisher=Hodges, Figgis, & Company, Limited | pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Leviton2006>{{Cite book | last=Leviton | first=Richard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQiNBAAAQBAJ&dq=LUGH'S+FIRST+WIVES&pg=PA275 | title=The Geomantic Year: A Calendar of Earth-Focused Festivals That Align the Planet with the Galaxy | date=2006-11-16 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-86056-2 | pages=275 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Franklin2001>{{cite book | last=Franklin | first=Anna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oH77QJewHQIC&dq=lughnasa+mourning&pg=PA79 | title=Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest | last2=Mason | first2=Paul | date=2001 | publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide | isbn=978-0-7387-0094-6 | pages=79 | language=en}}</ref> <ref name=macneill416>MacNeill, Máire. ''The Festival of Lughnasa''. lch. 416</ref> <ref name=gabhann2000>Mac Gabhann, Seamus. [http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf "Landmarks of the people: Meath and Cavan places prominent in Lughnasa mythology and folklore"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815190657/http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/770/1/Landsmarks.pdf |date=15 August 2016 }}. ''Ríocht na Midhe'', 11. Meath Archaeological & Historical Society, 2000. ll. 236–237</ref> <ref name=ogain1988>Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero''. Gill & MacMillan, 1988. lch. 11</ref> <ref name=FranklinMason2001>Anna Franklin & Paul Mason. ''Lammas: Celebrating Fruits of the First Harvest''. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2001, lch. 238</ref> }} == Buntásc== __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 3tjd0isjap2jzo1w8yu0iloswz7rqt3 0 91994 1327910 1295106 2026-09-13T09:39:52Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Ba Ghraf von Habsburg ({{lang-ga|Cunta Habsburg}}) é '''Otto II''' (a fuair bás ar an 8 Samhain 1111) a bhí ina dhuine de na daoine a bhunaigh an ríshliocht [[Teaghlach Habsburg]]. Ba mhac Werner I, Cunta Habsburg é. Sa bhliain 1108, chuaigh sé in éineacht leis an rí [[Heinrich V, Impire Naofa Rómhánach|Heinrich V]] ar fheachtas in aghaidh na h[[An Ungáir|Ungáire]]. Nuair a d'fhill sé air, sa bhliain 1111, dúnmharaíodh é. Meastar gurb é Otto an chéad duine a ghlac an teideal ''Graf von Habsburg''. Phós sé Hilla, an chuntaois von Pfirt <ref>Wappenbuch des Hans Ulrich Fisch. Aarau 1622, Otho Graff zuo Habsburg, S. 26 Sp. 1 (Staatsarchiv Aargau, V/4-1985/0001:26r). [http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/saa/V4-1985/26r Staatsarchiv Aargau, V/4-1985/0001:26r] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122005638/http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/saa/V4-1985/26r |date=2018-11-22 }}</ref> (a fuair bás c. 1076 ), a raibh beirt pháistí aige léi, [[Werner II, Cunta Habsburg|Werner II]] agus Adelheid . == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/habsburger/otto_2_graf_von_habsburg_+_1111.html (i nGearmáinis)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312051746/http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/habsburger/otto_2_graf_von_habsburg_+_1111.html |date=2007-03-12 }} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh sa 11ú haois]] [[Catagóir:Básanna i 1111]] [[Catagóir:Daoine Gearmánacha]] [[Catagóir:Daoine na Meánaoise]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Impireacht Naofa Rómhánach]] [[Catagóir:Teaghlach Habsburgach]] [[Catagóir:Uaisleacht Eorpach]] etizuqhzur756bw13t26e25nj8n4if6 0 95133 1327904 1308690 2026-09-13T07:10:49Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} [[Íomhá:Hand washing man.jpg|mion]] Ceiliúrtar an '''Lá Domhanda um Níochán Lámha''' ar an [[15 Deireadh Fómhair]]. Tá sláinteachas láimhe ar cheann de na bealaí is tábhachtaí chun scaipeadh ionfhabhtaithe a chosc Faightear an chuid is mó de ghalair ó lámha salacha, go hairithe an [[slaghdán]], an fliú agus fiú ionfhabhtaithe (atá deacair a chóireáil ar nós [[Staphylococcas aureus meiticillinfhriotaíoch|MRSA]]) agus pianta [[Goile|boilg]],<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/teastas-soisearach/osps/notai/chead-bhliain/curam-coirp/|teideal=Cúram coirp|údar=cogg.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2020|archivedate=2020-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018154526/https://www.cogg.ie/teastas-soisearach/osps/notai/chead-bhliain/curam-coirp/}}</ref> Is féidir le níochán lámha na milliúin saol a shábháil.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://twitter.com/ucdlawschool/status/1316643722801618945|teideal=Is é inniu Lá Domhanda um Níochán Lámha|údar=Scoil Dlí, COBÁ¢|dáta=2020|language=ga|work=Twitter|dátarochtana=2020-10-15}}</ref> == Modhanna == Comhairlíonn [[Feidhmeannacht na Seirbhíse Sláinte]] na lámha a ní:<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/otherlanguages/hpscfactsheetsinirish/File,14233,en.pdf|teideal=Lámha Glana Saol fada: Eolas d’othair, do chuairteoirí agus cónaitheoirí|údar=hpsc.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2020|archivedate=2020-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017032527/https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/otherlanguages/hpscfactsheetsinirish/File,14233,en.pdf}}</ref><blockquote>"Roimh bia a ithe nó a ullmhú   Roimh lámh a leagan ar na súile, srón nó béal Roimh agus tar éis lámh a leagan ar chóirithe cneá nó feistí leighis (m.sh diltálairí, cataitéir) Tar éis dul go dtí an leithreas nó casachtach, sraothartach, nó an srón a shéideadh"  </blockquote>Comhairlíonn an Roinn Oideachais in Éirinn<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.education.ie/ga/Scoileanna-Col%C3%A1ist%C3%AD/Eolas/%C3%89igeand%C3%A1la%C3%AD-N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta-Sl%C3%A1inte-Poibl%C3%AD/Bileog-Fhaisn%C3%A9ise-le-hAghaidh-Scoileanna-Col%C3%A1ist%C3%AD-agus-Ionaid-Oideachais-a-Dh%C3%A9anann-D%C3%A9ile%C3%A1il-le-Sl%C3%A1inteachas-L%C3%A1imhe-agus-Riospr%C3%A1ide.pdf|teideal=Sláinteachas Láimhe|údar=education.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2020}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Handhygiene--handvask-plakat FHI.pdf|clé|mion|Sláinteachas Láimhe san [[An Iorua|Iorua]]]] <blockquote>"Ba chóir lámha a ní le [[gallúnach]] agus [[uisce]]. Ná ligtear áiseanna um thriomú láimhe a chomhroinnt i measc daoine. Ina leith sin, ar na cineáil áiseanna um thriomú láimhe d’fhéadfaí feidhmiú, áirítear tuáillí páipéir (a chuirtear de láimh sna boscaí bruscair), triomadóirí láimhe aeir the, tuáillí rolláin, nó d’fhéadfaí iarraidh ar mhic léinn agus ar na baill foirne a gcuid tuáillí féinigh a bhreith leo ar scoil agus úsáid a bhaint astu. Ní cóir glóthach alcóil a fheidhmiú ach amháin sa chás nach mbeidh gallúnach ná uisce ar fáil agus, ar ndóigh, ní bheidh sé éifeachtach má bhíonn na lámha salach."</blockquote> == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{síol}} [[Catagóir:Sláinteachas pearsanta]] [[Catagóir:Féilte idirnáisiúnta]] fi41n2p5mnj3kpjfw3l0tnlwcistw8t 0 95569 1327901 1310741 2026-09-13T02:24:04Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} [[Íomhá:Congo Crisis Swedish Soldiers.jpg|mion|Saigdhdiúirí de chuid na [[Na Náisiúin Aontaithe|NA]] i Niemba, 1961]] [[Íomhá:Jeunesse BALUBAKAT.jpg|mion|Óglaigh Baluba sa bhliain 1962]] Tharla '''Eachtra Niemba''' sa [[Daon-Phoblacht an Chongó|Chongó]] ar an [[8 Samhain]] [[1960]] nuair a mharaigh baill den treibh Baluba naonúr d’[[Óglaigh na hÉireann (Fórsaí Cosanta na hÉireann)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]],<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/the-siege-of-jadotville/|teideal=Léiriú a thuill bualadh bos gan choinne sa phictiúrlann…|údar=Breandán M Mac Gearailt|dáta=|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2020-11-08}}</ref> a bhí ar dualgas [[Síocháin|síochána]] de chuid na [[Na Náisiúin Aontaithe|Náisiún Aontaithe]].   == Eachtra == Botún a bhí ann is cosúil, fiú "cás bréagaitheanta". Tugtar "luíochán" ar an eachtra go minic. Ach "timpiste" an focal atá níos fearr is cosúil. Tháinig na hÓglaigh gan cuireadh ná iarraidh ag [[droichead]] Luweyeye agus b'ionadh leis na Baluba iad a fheiceáil ann. Ní raibh an chogaíocht réamhbheartaithe. Cheap na Baluba go raibh siad ag tabhairt aghaidh ar [[Saighdiúir|shaighdiúirí]] tuarastail [[An Fhrainc|Francacha]] is [[An Bheilg|Beilgeacha]], faoi stiúir oll[[Comhlacht|chomhlacht]]<nowiki/>aí [[mianadóireacht]]<nowiki/>a.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/film/congo-an-irish-affair/|teideal=CONGO: AN IRISH AFFAIR|language=en|work=Irish Film Institute|dátarochtana=2020-11-08|archivedate=2020-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113235701/https://ifi.ie/film/congo-an-irish-affair/}}</ref> == Cúlra == Bhí saighdiúirí Éireannacha ar dualgas sa Chongó, le hobair shíochána idirnáisiúnta do na [[Na Náisiúin Aontaithe|Náisiún Aontaithe]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/St%C3%B3r-Staire.pdf|teideal=Stór Staire|údar=COGG|dáta=|dátarochtana=2020|archivedate=2024-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607154557/https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/St%C3%B3r-Staire.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.facebook.com/Congoirishaffair/photos/a.385398671471585/2458120110866087/?type=3|teideal=Congo - an Irish Affair|language=ga|work=www.facebook.com|dátarochtana=2020-11-08}}</ref> Bhí cogadh cathartha faoi lán seoil ann ag an am agus na hollchumhachtaí impiriúlacha ag iarraidh greim a choinneáil ar na [[Mianach (mianadóireacht)|mianraí]] luachmhara.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/scannain/maith-agus-olc-the-siege-of-jadotville/|teideal=Maith agus olc – The Siege of Jadotville|údar=Somhairle Mag Uidhir|language=en-US|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2020-11-08}}{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ach fágadh gasúir óga Éireannacha ina n-aonar i lár cogadh cathartha faoi theas na hAfraice agus thréig údaráis na hÉireann agus na Náisiún Aontaithe iad.[[Íomhá:THE EASTER SUNDAY PARADE - IN MEMORY OF THE EASTER 1916 RISING (UN FORCE ONUC IN THE CONGO 1960)-113038 (25802960850).jpg|clé|mion|carr armúrtha (1960-61) de chuid ONUC]] == Iarmhairtí == D'fhan an Congó corraithe go mór is go dona anuas na blianta; tá baol [[Cinedhíothú|cinedhíothach]] ann fós inniu.[[Íomhá:ONEt Annual Mass (15561818027).jpg|clé|mion|searmanas comórtha, 2014 agus Cumann Sheansaighdiúirí Éireannacha na Náisiún Aontaithe]] Chuaigh an eachtra Niemba chomh mór sin i bhfeidhm ar an bpobal in Éirinn gur neadaigh ainm na treibhe i gcaint na ndaoine mar nath ar ghrúpa buile. Sa Mhúsaem Óglaigh na hÉireann (Dún Uí Mhaoilíosa) inniu, tá [[tua]] le feiceáil a húsáideadh i luíochán Niemba (ciorraíodh [[Corp an duine|coirp]] na saighdiúirí ina bpíosaí).<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.military.ie/ga/faisneis-phoibli/musaem-oglaigh-na-heireann/musaem-dun-ui-mhaoiliosa/dun-ui-mhaoiliosa-museum.html|teideal=Dún Uí Mhaoilíosa Museum|language=en|work=www.military.ie|dátarochtana=2020-11-08|archivedate=2020-11-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114232534/https://www.military.ie/ga/faisneis-phoibli/musaem-oglaigh-na-heireann/musaem-dun-ui-mhaoiliosa/dun-ui-mhaoiliosa-museum.html}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Oibríocht na Náisiún Aontaithe sa Chongó]] * [[Léigear Jadotville|Cath Jadotville]] *[[Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó]] [[Catagóir:Náisiúin Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Arm na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Luíocháin]] [[Catagóir:1960]] rln4nipaewqf9dtm4c5g9oviy3vlxmd 0 100514 1327881 1327417 2026-09-12T20:41:33Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Scannáin|image=[[Íomhá:An Cailín Ciúin 1.jpg|220px]]}} Is é '''''An Cailín Ciúin''''' an chéad [[scannán]] fada ag an stiúrthóir Colm Bairéad agus ag an léiritheoir Cleona Ní Chrualaoi, ón g[[comhlacht]] Inscéal.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/19-feabhra-2022-gaillimh/id1525428808?i=1000551608954|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall: 19 Feabhra 2022 (Gaillimh)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=19 Feabhra 2022|language=en-CA|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2022-02-20}}</ref> Tháinig an [[scannán]] amach sa bhliain 2022. Insíonn an scannán scéal, bunaithe ar an scéal ''Foster'' le [[Claire Keegan]], faoi chailín óg a bhfuil tuismitheoirí seachmallacha aici, a chuirtear ar [[altramas]] le gaolta meánaosta.<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/18-m%C3%A1rta-2023-maigh-eo/id1525428808?i=1000604742751|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall: (Maigh Eo)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge Londain|dáta=18 Márta 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2023-03-19}}</ref> === Scéal === Amuigh faoin tír in Éirinn sa mbliain 1981 atá an scannán bunaithe, scéal Cháit (Catherine Clinch) tráth a seoltar í óna teach plódaithe achrannach chuig gaolta i bhfad amach, le fanacht ina cónaí leo ar feadh an tsamhraidh.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=€1 milliún saothraithe ag an gCailín Ciúin sa bpictiúrlann|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2022/1010/1328288-1-milliun-saothraithe-ag-an-gcailin-ciuin-sa-bpictiurlann/|date=2022-10-10|language=ga|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Tá an scannán bunaithe ar scéal de chuid Claire Keegan ina insítear scéal Cháit, cailín óg 9 mbliana d’aois ó theaghlach atá róphlódaithe agus mífheidhmiúil agus a chuirtear ar shiúl chun cónaí le tuismitheoirí altrama don samhradh í.<ref name=":0" /> Iníon naoi mbliana d’aois í Cáit. Fásann sí aníos ar fheirm a muintire. Cailín faiteach, í tite ar gcúl ina cuid scolaíochta. Is pantalóigín bheag í agus í briste brúite cheana féin. Níl éinne sa teaghlach baile in ann cothú coirp ná anama a sholáthar di. Feicfimid Cáit i bhfolach faoin leaba óna máthair, ainneoin go bhfuil a fhios ag a máthair go bhfuil sí istigh faoin leaba.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf|teideal=Treoir / Staidéar|údar=IFI|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2023-04-18|archivedate=2023-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010820/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf}}</ref> Tosaíonn an scéal i gContae Chill Mhantáin agus ansin bogann sé go [[Gaeltacht na nDéise|Gaeltacht na Rinne]] (An Seanphobal); téann Cáit chun fanacht le tuismitheoirí altrama, gaolta lena máthair. Cuirtear Cáit ann ar feadh na tsamhraidh chuig teach sómhar feirme chol ceathrar na máthar. Caitheann sí an samhradh iomlán ar fheirm na gCinnsealach (Kinsella) agus tugann sí cabhair dóibh. Cuireann Eibhlín Bean Uí Chinnsealaigh ([[Carrie Crowley]]) fáilte mhór chroíúil roimpi.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://weareirish.ie/entertainment/an-cailin-ciuin-cinema-release/|teideal=An scannán Gaeilge An Cailín Ciúin sna pictiúrlanna 12 Bealtaine ar aghaidh - WE ARE IRISH|dáta=2022-05-11|language=en-GB|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}</ref> Ach tá fear an tí, Seán (Andrew Bennett) tostach agus míchairdiúil nuair a thagann Cáit chun an tí ar dtús. Is athair altrama é Seán anois a bhfuil iníon óg altrama ina shaol aige. Istoíche, féachann sé ar an teilifís sa seomra suite leis féin, agus ní thugann sé aon aird ar Cháit.<ref name=":5" /> Fanann Seán amach ó Cháit, agus íse uaidhsean. Ach le himeacht ama, tosaíonn cairdeas ag neartú eatarthu.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cine4.ie/ga/an-cailin-ciuin|teideal=ga/An Cailín Ciúin|language=en-IE|work=Cine4|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}</ref> * Ligeann sé do Cháit cabhrú leis chun cró na mbó a ghlanadh amach. * Spreagann sé í chun a bua reathaíochta a fhorbairt. * Ceannaíonn sé éadaí nua di.<ref name=":5" /> Ullmhaíonn Eibhlín agus Cáit béile le chéile cúpla uair agus suíonn an teaghlach altrama chun boird le chéile nó in éineacht le cairde go minic. Tá imní ar Eibhlín; ag cogarnach le Cáit, ag ceapadh go bhfuil sí ina codladh, deir sí, “Go bhfóire Dia orainn, dá mba liomsa thú ní fhágfainn tú le strainséirí,” Níos déanaí, deir sí “Níl aon rún sa teach seo. An teach a bhfuil rún ann, tá náire sa teach sin.” Tar éis roinnt ama, áfach, baintear siar as Cáit nuair a scaoileann comharsa rún léi. Cinnte, faoi chúram na gCinnsealach, bláthaíonn Cáit agus aimsíonn sí slí úr beatha. Ach sa teach seo nár chóir aon rúin a bheith ann, tugann sí an fhírinne shearbh chun solais. Nuair a thagann Cáit chun cónaí leis na Cinnsealaigh ar dtús, ní thuigeann sí go raibh cailliúint mhór acu ina saol. Radharc tábhachtach is ea an radharc ina siúlann an chomharsa fhiosrach abhaile le Cáit ón tórramh. Cloiseann Cáit scéal tubaisteach uaithi. Ba le mac Eibhlín agus Sheáin na héadaí atá á gcaitheamh aici le mí. Fuair an páiste óg bás i dtimpiste feirme. Nuair atá an téarma scoile nua ag druidim léi, ní mór do Cháit filleadh abhaile chuig a muintir féin. Tiomáineann na Cinnsealaigh Cáit abhaile. Nuair a fhilleann Cáit abhaile chuig a muintir ag deireadh an tsamhraidh, tugann a máthair (Kate Nic Chonaonaigh) faoi deara go bhfuil Cáit athraithe. Fiafraíonn sí di: ‘Cad a tharla in aon chor?” Briseann an ''adieu'' croí na gCinnsealach. Fágann Cáit slán brónach grámhar lena cúramóirí cneasta chomh maith. [[Íomhá:Gaeltacht na nDéise view.jpg|mion|[[Gaeltacht na nDéise]]]] === Téamaí === Is dráma casta íogair agus cigilteach fé [[Teacht in aois|theacht in aois]] é, ina ndéantar ceisteanna fé chúrsaí teaghlaigh, faillí agus caillteanas a chíoradh trí shúile a phríomhphearsa óig.  Is scéal an-mhothúchánach é chomh maith.<ref name=":4">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/nach-iontach-an-rud-go-bhfuil-an-ghaeilge-le-clos-anois-i-ndorchadas-alainn-na-pictiurlainne/|teideal=‘Nach iontach an rud go bhfuil an Ghaeilge le clos anois i ndorchadas álainn na pictiúrlainne?’|údar=Meadhbh Ní Eadhra|dáta=4 Bealtaine 2022|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2023-04-20}}</ref> Déanann an scannán iniúchadh ar cheisteanna teaghlaigh, neamairt agus cumha trí shúile a phríomhcharachtair óig.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/scannain/an-cailin-ciuin-go-glorach-glormhar-ag-ifta/|teideal=‘An Cailín Ciúin’ go glórach glórmhar ag IFTA|údar=NÓS|language=en-US|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}{{Dead link|date=Aibreán 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Forbraíonn Cáit tuiscint uirthi féin agus ar a gcumas chun déileáil leis na dúshláin ina saol.<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf|teideal=Treoir / Staidéar|údar=IFI|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2023-04-18|archivedate=2023-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010820/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf}}</ref> Sa teach na gCinnsealach nach gcoinnítear rún ann, nochtann sí rún pianmhar amháin. Is scannán é faoin ngrá, faoin ngrá sin a chothaíonn muid agus muid ag fás aníos. Ach is scéal é chomh maith faoin deacracht, agus faoin mbaol fiú, a bhaineann le do chroí a oscailt.<ref name=":4" /> Mar a chuirtear in iúl i dteideal an scannáin, is cailín ciúin í Cáit. Agus tá gaol nach beag idir ciúnas agus rúin. Mura bhfuil míniú níos dorcha ná sin fós air, nach feasach dúinn, bíonn tolg leapan na girsí fliuch báite ar dhúiseacht di chuile mhaidin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/mioruilt-bheag-de-scannan-e-an-cailin-ciuin/|teideal=Míorúilt bheag de scannán é ‘An Cailín Ciúin’|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}</ref> Tá cúpla móitíf sa scannán, íomhánna a fheicimid cúpla uair sa scannán agus a bhailíonn chucu brí agus tionchar mothúchánach le gach taispeáint.<ref name=":5" /> * Eibhlín agus Cáit ag siúl chuig an tobar le chéile * Folt gruaige Cháit á scuabadh ag Eibhlín atá ag comhaireamh ó náid go dtí céad.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2Days.mp4|teideal=Sliocht as an scannán|údar=IFI|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2023-04-18|archivedate=2023-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418080850/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2Days.mp4}}</ref> “Ní raibh uait ach beagáinín peataireachta,” arsa Eibhlín le Cáit. * Cáit ag rith síos an ascaill chun litreacha a bhailiú ón mbosca poist * Ag deireadh an scannáin, nuair a ritheann Cáit síos an ascaill i ndiaidh charr na gCinnsealach, cuirtear na radhairc, agus móitífeanna eile, os ár gcomhair arís, ceann i ndiaidh a chéile, ina [[montáis]]. Tá go leor rún sa scannán An Cailín Ciúin a cheileann daoine ar dhaoine eile. Cabhraíonn na rúin le comhbhá a chruthú idir an lucht féachana agus na carachtair a bhfuil an rún acu. === Glacadh criticiúil === Bhí léirmheasanna "cúig réalta" á fháil ó nuachtáin in Éirinn agus i Sasana ag an scannán.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/an-scannan-eireannach-is-fearr-riamh-seans-cuig-realta-a-mbronnadh-ar-dalladh-ar-an-cailin-ciuin/|teideal=‘An scannán Éireannach is fearr riamh, seans’– cúig réalta á mbronnadh ar dalladh ar ‘An Cailín Ciúin’|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}</ref> Taispeánadh an scannán den chéad uair i mí Feabhra 2022 ag féile mór le rá Berlinale sa Bheirlín (Féile Idirnáisiúnta Scannán Bheirlín), áit ar bhain sé amach an duais Grand Prix an Choiste Idirnáisiúnta Generation Kplus (sa rannóg Glúin/Generation) don Scannán is Fearr.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=72nd Berlin International Film Festival|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=72nd_Berlin_International_Film_Festival&oldid=1073049903|journal=Wikipedia|date=2022-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Is é an chéad scannán Gaeilge a taispeánadh ag an bhféile. Tugadh ardmholadh don chineamatagrafaíocht, don scór agus don aisteoir óg Catherine Clinch atá sa phríomhpháirt.<ref name=":0" /> Bhí ocht ngradam de chuid Acadamh Scannánaíochta agus Teilifíse na hÉireann bronnta air ag searmanas gradam IFTA, lena n-áirítear AN SCANNÁN IS FEARR, AN STIÚRTHÓIR IS FEARR ⁊ AN tAISTEOIR MNÁ IS FEARR.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://peig.ie/en/2022/03/stiurthoir-an-cailin-ciuin-ainmnithe-do-ghradam-an-rising-star-ag-ifta/|teideal=Stiúrthóir ‘An Cailín Ciúin’ ainmnithe do ghradam an ‘Rising Star’ ag IFTA|dáta=2022-03-04|language=en-US|work=PEIG|dátarochtana=2022-05-19}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Ar 24 Eanair 2023, bhí 'An Cailín Ciúin' ainmnithe do ghradam [[Gradaim an Acadaimh|Oscar]] sa chatagóir don 'Príomhscannán Idirnáisiúnta is Fearr',, an chéad scannán Gaeilge riamh a bhfuil sé seo bainte amach aige.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=An scannán Gaeilge 'An Cailín Ciúin' ainmnithe do ghradam Oscar|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2023/0124/1351563-ainmniuchan-oscar-faighte-ag-an-scannan-gaeilge-an-cailin-ciuin/|date=2023-01-24|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Ar 12 Márta 2023 in Hollywood, bhí “An Cailín Ciúin” san áireamh do ghradam Oscar, ainmnithe mar cheann de na scannáin eachtracha is fearr i mbliana. Ba é an chéad scannán Gaelach a bhain an onóir sin amach. Níor bhuaigh “An Cailín Ciúin” an duais; bhí an bua ag “Scéal ar Bith ón bhFronta Thiar”, cóiriú ar an úrscéal frithchogaidh Gearmánach le Erich Remarque.<ref name=":2" /> === Léiriú === Tá an scannán bunaithe ar an nóibhille ''Foster'' leis an údar Éireannach, Samhlaigh Colm Bairéad an scéal mar scannán Claire Keegan. Fuair INSCÉAL<ref>Bhunaigh Colm Bhairéad agus Cleona Ní Chrualaoi an comhlacht léiriúcháin INSCÉAL.</ref> cead ó Keegan an scéal a iompú ina scannán. Ba í Cleona Ní Chrualaoi a léirigh An Cailín Ciúin. Mhaoinigh [[Fís Éireann]], [[TG4]] agus [[Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann / An BAI|Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann]] an scannán mar chuid de scéim Cine4. Fuair an scannán dreasacht chánach Alt 481 ó [[Rialtas na hÉireann]] freisin.<ref name=":32">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=€1 milliún saothraithe ag an gCailín Ciúin sa bpictiúrlann|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2022/1010/1328288-1-milliun-saothraithe-ag-an-gcailin-ciuin-sa-bpictiurlann/|date=2022-10-10|language=ga|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Ansin rinneadh scannánú ar an láthair sa [[Contae na Mí|Mhí]] agus i mBaile Átha Cliath'; léiríodh an scannán le linn [[Dianghlasáil Hubei (2020)|dianghlasála]], i bhFómhar 2020. Seoladh an scannán ag Féile Scannán idirnáisiúnta Bheirlín, Feabhra 2022. Fuair BREAKOUT PICTURES agus CURZON na cearta don scannán in Éirinn agus sa Ríocht Aontaithe. Rinne siad é a phoibliú agus é a eisiúint sna pictiúrlanna sa dá chríoch i mí Bhealtaine 2022.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/45792-B-AnCC-Letter-to-Schools-GA.pdf|teideal=AN CAILÍN CIÚIN (12A)|údar=cogg.ie|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2022|archivedate=2022-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629061759/https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/45792-B-AnCC-Letter-to-Schools-GA.pdf}}</ref> Go dtí tús mhí Dheireadh Fómhair 2022, tar éis 22 seachtain sna pictiúrlanna in Éirinn agus sa Ríocht Aontaithe, bhí €1 milliún saothraithe ag an scannán. ==Canúint== [[Gaeilinn na nDéise]] atá le clos sa scannán.<ref>https://www.allaboutirish.ie/blog/gaeilge-na-nd%C3%A9ise</ref> Seo cuid de na leaganacha canúnacha nó áitiúla atá ann.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2023-04-18 |archivedate=2023-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010820/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf }}</ref> * Dé chúis - cén fáth * Habú/Leabú - leaba * Fuireach - fanacht * Thá - tá * Fhéach - Féach * Ruch - rith * Aireachas - Aire == Féach freisin == * [[Altramas]] * [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] * [[Teacht in aois]] * [[Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann / An BAI|Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann]] / An BAI == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{Gradam Ciorcal Léirmheastóirí Scannán Bhaile Átha Cliath don Scannán Éireannach is Fearr}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cailin Ciuin, An}} [[Catagóir:Scannáin 2022]] [[Catagóir:Scannáin na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Scannáin Ghaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scannáin TG4]] [[Catagóir:Altramas]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean stairiúil na Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean stairiúil]] cltiw9t5d7cd66za8gnlb29m2txugve 0 102885 1327898 1284496 2026-09-13T01:42:41Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Straitéisí polaitiúil Meiriceánach é '''David Plouffe''' (rugadh 27 Bealtaine 1967)<ref>Goldman, Julianna. [https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aTd9on6ohWJg "Obama's Aide Plouffe"], ''Bloomberg'', June 16, 2008.</ref> is fearr aithne mar bhainisteoir feachtais uachtaránachta rathúil [[Barack Obama]] sa bhliain 2008. Bhí sé ina chomhairleoir feachtais don [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Daonlathach]] le fada, bhí sé ina chomhpháirtí ag an ngnólacht comhairliúcháin feachtais páirtí-ailínithe AKPD Message and Media, ón bhliain 2000.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.akpmedia.com/partners/dplouffe.html |teideal=Axelrod, Kupper, Plouffe |dátarochtana=2022-07-11 |archivedate=2008-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512074742/http://www.akpmedia.com/partners/dplouffe.html }}</ref> Bhí Plouffe ina chomhairleoir sinsearach seachtrach do Obama ó chéad lá an Uachtaráin in oifig agus ceapadh ansin é mar Chomhairleoir Sinsearach don Uachtarán (laistigh den [[Teach Bán]]) sa bhliain 2011 tar éis do David Axelrod éirí as oifig, a chuaigh ar aghaidh le feachtas atoghcháin Obama a thosú. I mí Mheán Fómhair 2014, rinneadh é ina Leas-Uachtarán Sinsearach ar Bheartas agus Straitéis do [[Uber]].<ref>[http://blog.uber.com/davidplouffe "A LEADER FOR THE UBER CAMPAIGN"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528112040/http://blog.uber.com/davidplouffe |date=2015-05-28 }}, uber.com; accessed September 20, 2017.</ref> == Luathshaol == Rugadh agus tógadh Plouffe i [[Wilmington, Delaware]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.wilmu.edu/news/newsArticle.aspx?newsID=438 |teideal=wilmu.edu |dátarochtana=2022-07-11 |archivedate=2022-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711112923/https://www.wilmu.edu/news/newsArticle.aspx?newsID=438 }}</ref> Is de theaghlach Caitliceach Rómhánach den aicme oibre é (is Easpagóideach é anois),<ref>[http://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/off-message-david-plouffe-2016-219942 Politico: "Full transcript: POLITICO's Glenn Thrush interviews David Plouffe" by Politico Staff] February 29, 2016|''"So I was perusing Wikipedia before I came in, because I realized I've read your book, I've talked with you 10,000 times, and I never looked at your Wikipedia page. And the first thing I realized about you that I didn't know is Wikipedia says you're Jewish. You are not apparently Jewish, right? DAVID PLOUFFE: No. I may be honorary Jewish, but no, I was raised Catholic, went to Catholic school, and now am a practicing Episcopalian."''</ref> mac le Frances (née Vincent), máthair a d'fhan sa bhaile, agus James Everett “Jim” Plouffe, oibrí monarchan a d'oibrigh san earnáil mhargaíochta níos déanaí.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/delawareonline/name/james-plouffe-obituary?id=8276419 James Everett "Jim" Plouffe]</ref> == Conspóid == Tá cáineadh déanta ar Plouffe faoina ghníomhartha cainte íoctha thar lear agus é ar briseadh ó chomhairle a thabhairt d'Obama. Go luath sa bhliain 2009, labhair Plouffe i [[Bakı|Baku]], [[An Asarbaiseáin (tír)|Asarbaiseáin]], i gcomhair $50,000. Bhí naisc ag urraitheoir na hócáide le rialtas údarásach na hAsarbaiseáine. Tar éis gearáin ó ghrúpaí [[cearta daonna]], bhronn Plouffe a tháillí cainte don Institiúid Náisiúnta Daonlathach. ==Naisc sheachtracha== *[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/10/uber-campaign-how-ex-obama-aides-helped-sell-firm-to-world The Uber campaign: how ex-Obama aides helped sell firm to world] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Plouffe, David}} [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1967]] 7jh4pymjthpdr9qvrya8b14okr3qobj 0 107842 1327897 1198530 2026-09-12T23:38:21Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327897 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Superman theme song 1940s.ogg|mion|Ceol teidil ""Superman"]] Is éard atá i gceist le '''ceol teidil''' (Béarla: theme music) i scannáin nó ar an teilifís, is araile ná an ceol a sheinntear taobh thiar de na grafaicí teidil.<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf|teideal=Treoir / Staidéar|údar=IFI|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2023-05-08|archivedate=2023-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010820/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Scannánaíocht]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Ceol]] [[Catagóir:Téarmaíocht scannánaíochta]] fe3ezey5aqmwpl6phmjudvgirii4jq3 0 108088 1327891 1198374 2026-09-12T22:21:15Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327891 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:The African Queen - trailer.ogv|mion|blaisín. ''The African Queen'' (1951)]] I réimse na [[Scannánaíocht|scannánaíochta]], cnuasach beag seatanna is ea '''blaisín''' (trailer nó teaser i mBéarla); eisítear blaisíní mar ábhar poiblíochta do scannán, chun lucht féachana a mhealladh.<ref name=":5">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf|teideal=Treoir / Staidéar|údar=IFI|dáta=2022|dátarochtana=2023-05-27|archivedate=2023-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010820/https://ifi.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/An-Cailin-Ciuin-Treoir-Staidear.pdf}}</ref> Mar shampla, is é BREAK-OUT PICTURES dáileoir an scannáin ''[[An Cailín Ciúin|An Cailín Ciúin,]]'' agus chuir siad blaisín ar fáil chun lucht féachana a mhealladh chuig an scannán.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://localhost:1864/default-loader|teideal=Home|údar=Break Out Pictures|dáta=2022|language=en|work=|dátarochtana=2023-05-27}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Scannánaíocht]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}}{{síol}} [[Catagóir:Fógraíocht]] [[Catagóir:Téarmaíocht scannánaíochta]] 2sa3mu1lw5lcaw1iirewjnr2p07kovc 0 109684 1327905 1182057 2026-09-13T08:12:57Z CommonsDelinker 440 Ag baint [[:Íomhá:TimezonesID.svg|TimezonesID.svg]] amach, agus ag chur [[:Íomhá:UTC_hue4map_IDN.svg|UTC_hue4map_IDN.svg]] isteach mar ionadúchán. (Scrios [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] é ón Cómhaoin mar: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c 1327905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Timezones2011_UTC+7.png|deas|mion|300x300px| UTC+07:00 sa bhliain 2010: gorm (Nollaig), uaithne (ar feadh na bliana), flannbhuí (Meitheamh), bánghorm (limistéir farraige)]] {| class="infobox" |+ class="infobox-title" id="159" |Am san Indinéis | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:UTC hue4map IDN.svg|alt=|lár|350x350px]]<div class="infobox-caption"> Léarscáil de chriosanna ama na hIndinéise </div> |- | colspan="2" | {| class="mw-collapsible" style="; ; width:100%;" ! colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; background-color:#00ffff;" |<div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em"> Am reatha ar fud na hIndinéise </div> |- | colspan="2" |<div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | [[UTC+07:00|Am Iarthar na hIndinéise<br /><br /><br /><br />]]<nowiki></br></nowiki> [[UTC+07:00|(UTC+7)]] | class="infobox-data" | 8:44 pm, 27 Lúnasa 2023 <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:85%;">[ [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UTC%2B07:00&action=purge athnuachan] ]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | [[UTC+08:00|Am Lár na hIndinéise<br /><br /><br /><br />]]<nowiki></br></nowiki> [[UTC+08:00|(UTC+8)]] | class="infobox-data" | 9:44 pm, 27 Lúnasa 2023 <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:85%;">[ [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UTC%2B07:00&action=purge athnuachan] ]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | [[UTC+09:00|Am Oirthear na hIndinéise<br /><br /><br /><br />]]<nowiki></br></nowiki> [[UTC+09:00|(UTC+9)]] | class="infobox-data" | 10:44 pm, 27 Lúnasa 2023 <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:85%;">[ [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UTC%2B07:00&action=purge athnuachan] ]</span> |} |} Is aitheantóir é '''UTC+07:00''' le haghaidh fritháirimh ama ó UTC de +07:00. In ISO 8601 scríobhfaí an t-am gaolmhar mar 2023-08-27T20:44:11 . Tá sé 7 n-uaire chun tosaigh ar [[Am Uilíoch Comheagartha|UTC]], rud a chiallaíonn nuair a bhíonn an t-am i limistéir UTC meán oíche (00:00), bheadh an t-am i limistéir UTC+07:00 ag 7:00 ar maidin. Ar a dtugtar freisin Am na hInd-Síne( AIS nó '''ICT''' ) agus '''Am Iarthar na hIndinéise''' ( [[An Indinéisis]]: ''Waktu Indonesia Barat'', '''WIB''' ) (san Indinéis), úsáidtear é i: 02izxhumujy7f7lqahrra3ez1eeb6te 0 113511 1327908 1244010 2026-09-13T09:12:10Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is ollamh le fealsúnacht í '''Noëlle McAfee''' agus dámh cleamhnaithe i staidéir na mban, na hinscne, agus na collaíochta agus i léann síocanailíseach <ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.psp.emory.edu/faculty.shtml|title=Psychoanalytic Studies - Emory University|work=[[Emory University]] website|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625150545/http://www.psp.emory.edu/faculty.shtml|archive-date=25 June 2016}}</ref> in Ollscoil Emory, áit a bhfuil sí ag múineadh ó 2010 i leith. <ref name="sbio">{{Cite web-en|url=http://noellemcafee.net/about/|title=Bio {{!}} Noelle McAfee|author=McAfee|first=Noelle|access-date=8 February 2014}}</ref> Theagasc McAfee i roinnt ollscoileanna eile, lena n - áirítear ag obair mar Ollamh Comhlach Allen-Berenson ar Cuairt le Fealsúnacht agus Staidéar na mBan ag Ollscoil Brandeis . <ref name="cv">{{Cite web-en|url=http://noellemcafee.net/cv/|title=Curriculum Vitae|author=McAfee|first=Noelle|access-date=8 February 2014}}</ref> D’oibrigh sí go leitheadach i dteoiric dhaonlathach, sna meáin nua, agus i dteoiricí síocanailíseacha i réimse an phobail. Faoi láthair tá McAfee ina comhchathaoirleach ar [[Public Philosophy Network]], ina heagarthóir comhlach ar an ''Kettering Review'', agus tá roinnt blianta caite aici ag plé le saincheisteanna polaitiúla in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], roimh agus le linn a gairm bheatha acadúil. <ref name="sbio" /> == Oideachas agus gairmréim == Bhain McAfee céim bhaitsiléara amach sa stair ó Ollscoil Texas in Austin sa bhliain 1986, agus céim mháistir sa bheartas poiblí ó Ollscoil Duke sa bhliain 1987. . <ref name="sbio">{{Cite web-en|url=http://noellemcafee.net/about/|title=Bio {{!}} Noelle McAfee|author=McAfee|first=Noelle|access-date=8 February 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMcAfee">McAfee, Noelle. [http://noellemcafee.net/about/ "Bio | Noelle McAfee"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Tar éis di a céimeanna tosaigh a fháil, sula ndeachaigh sí ar aghaidh chuig an bhfealsúnacht acadúil, bhí McAfee ina heagraí agus ina abhcóide beartais i limistéar [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] . <ref name="sbio" /> D'oibrigh sí le Public Citizen's Congress Watch ó 1987 go 1988, bhí sí ina cathaoirleach ar an D.C. [[:en:Local_union|local]] of the [[:en:National_Writers_Union|National Writers Union]] ó 1988 go 1989, agus ina leas-uachtarán i gcoitinne ar Aontas na Scríbhneoirí Náisiúnta i 1990 agus 1991. <ref name="cv">{{Cite web-en|url=http://noellemcafee.net/cv/|title=Curriculum Vitae|author=McAfee|first=Noelle|access-date=8 February 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">McAfee, Noelle. [http://noellemcafee.net/cv/ "Curriculum Vitae"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222193312/http://noellemcafee.net/cv/ |date=2014-02-22 }}<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Agus í ag obair mar ghníomhaí leasa an phobail in Washington, DC, thosaigh McAfee ag éirí imníoch go mbeadh an obair seo in aisce mura mbeadh suim dháiríre ag daoine i bhféinrialtas daonlathach ná in ann tabhairt faoi. <ref name="sbio" /> Chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar na hábhair imní seo, d'fhill sí ar an saol acadúil chun staidéar a dhéanamh ar an bhfealsúnacht. <ref name="sbio"/> Bhain sí céim mháistreachta san fhealsúnacht amach ó Ollscoil Wisconsin-Madison i 1990, an bhliain chéanna a ndearnadh eagarthóir comhlach den Kettering Review di. <ref name="sbio" /> Chuaigh sí ar aghaidh chun dochtúireacht san fhealsúnacht a fháil ó Ollscoil Texas in Austin sa bhliain 1998. <ref name="sbio" /> Thug taighde McAfee cúis di a chreidiúint go bhfuil féinrialtas daonlathach indéanta i ndáiríre, agus laistigh de chúpla bliain óna céad leabhar chuir sí tús arís lena taighde agus lena rannpháirtíocht i gcleachtas daonlathach, lena n - áirítear saothar nua sna meáin nua, agus daonlathú i ndiaidh coinbhleachta<ref name="sbio" /> Chuir McAfee tús lena gairm acadúil mar léachtóir le teoiric pholaitiúil sa Roinn Rialtais ag UT Austin i 1998-1999, sular ghlac sí le ceapachán mar ollamh cúnta i Roinn na Fealsúnachta ag Ollscoil Massachusetts Lowell, áit a raibh sí ag obair ó 1999 go 2003., nuair a tugadh ardú céime di chun bheith ina ollamh comhlach, post a bhí aici go dtí 2007. <ref name="cv" /> Sa bhliain 2005 chabhraigh sí le Tionscadal na Meán Poiblí sa Todhchaí a bhunú in Ollscoil Mheiriceá mar chuid de thionscnamh arna mhaoiniú ag Fondúireacht Ford. <ref name="cv" /> Tar éis di Ollscoil Massachusetts a fhágáil, ghlac McAfee le post sa Scoil um Anailísiú agus Réiteach Coimhlinte in [[Ollscoil George Mason]], áit ar fhan sí ó 2008 go 2010, sular ghlac sí le décheapachán in Ollscoil Emory mar ollamh comhlach le fealsúnacht agus cleamhnaithe na mban, na hinscne, agus na gnéasachta. <ref name="cv" /> Sa bhliain 2013, tugadh ardú céime do McAfee ina ollamh iomlán ag Emory. <ref name="cv"/> Ghlac McAfee le roinnt ceapachán acadúil sealadach sa bhreis ar a postanna buana. <ref name="cv"/> I 2004 ghlac sí le ceapachán mar Ollamh Comhlach Cuairte Allen-Berenson le Fealsúnacht agus Léann na mBan ag Ollscoil Brandeis, sular ceapadh í ina scoláire cónaitheach in Ollscoil Mheiriceá i 2005 (áit ar fhan sí mar ollamh taighde sa bhliain 2006.) <ref name="cv" /> Bhí McAfee ina ollamh comhlach cuairte le fealsúnacht in Ollscoil George Mason ó 2006 go 2008 freisin.. <ref name="cv" /> D'obraigh McAfee freisin i líon leathan rólanna riaracháin acadúla, lena n-áirítear feidhmiú mar stiúrthóir ar an gclár Staidéar Inscne agus mar stiúrthóir ar an gClár Onóracha, araon ag amanna éagsúla in Ollscoil Massachusetts, Lowell. Chaith sí seal freisin mar leasstiúrthóir ar Ionad na Meán Sóisialta do Scoil Chumarsáide Ollscoil Mheiriceá, agus tá roinnt post eile sealbhaithe aici. ==Naisc sheachtracha== *[https://www.bolnews.com/viral/2024/04/who-is-noelle-mcafee-all-about-philosophy-professor/Who is Noelle McAfee? All About Philosophy Professor ]{{Dead link|date=Meán Fómhair 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/26/pro-palestinian-protests-college-campuses Professors at Emory University arrested as campuses follow Columbia’s lead in demanding ceasefire and divestment] ==Tagairtí== {{DEFAULTSORT:McAfee, Noelle}} [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] tic6mmbyb1trx8rxrcrq4jb5u48jbqy 0 114034 1327896 1222600 2026-09-12T23:33:05Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} File, úrscéalaí, drámadóir agus aisteoir as Albain is ea '''Catrìona Lexy Chaimbeul''' (1982-). Oibríonn sí trí Ghaeilge na hAlban den chuid is mó. ==Beatha== Baineann Chaimbeul le muintir shuntasach liteartha i Nis in [[Eilean Leòdhais]]. Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge is ea a hathair Tormod Caimbeul (Tormod a’ Bhocsair) agus a huncail Alasdair Caimbeul, agus ba scríbhneoirí Gaeilge chomh maith a seanathair Aonghas Caimbeul (Am Bocsair) agus a seanuncail Aonghas Caimbeul (Am Puilean), file cogaidh agus údar cuimhní cinn. Amhránaí traidisiúnta agus léachtóir is ea a máthair, Mary Jane Campbell. Chuaigh Chaimbeul ar Ollscoil [[Dún Éideann|Dhún Éideann]] agus fuair MA ann. Bhí sí ag obair mar aisteoir agus mar oide sa drámaíocht Ghaeilge, agus chaith sí dhá bhliain san Eden Court Theatre in [[Inbhear Nis]] ina ealaíontóir drámaíocht Gaeilge ar son [[an t-Eilean Sgitheanach|an Eilein Sgitheanaich]] agus Loch Aillse,<ref name="SBT">{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.scottishbooktrust.com/profile-author/87793 |teideal=Scottish Book Trust profile: Catrìona Lexy Chaimbeul |dátarochtana=2024-06-08 |archivedate=2018-11-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107211937/http://www.scottishbooktrust.com/profile-author/87793 }}</ref> agus in 2011-12 ba í Ealaíontóir Comhlach na Gaeilge í in Amharclann Náisiúnta na hAlban. In 2013 chaith sí tréimhse bliana mar scríbhneoir cónaithe i [[Sabhal Mòr Ostaig]], áit a bhfuil baint ag a muintir léi i gcúrsaí litríochta agus léinn.<ref>[http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/en/naidheachdan/catriona-lexy-chaimbeul][[Sabhal Mòr Ostaig]]<span> press release</span> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210100115/http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/en/naidheachdan/catriona-lexy-chaimbeul|date=2019-02-10}}, January 2013</ref> Tá sé ráite ag Chaimbeul gurb iad mórthéamaí a saothair an caidreamh, na rúin agus na bréaga, agus an t-osnádúr.<ref name = SBT/> ==Duaiseanna== Féile Leabhar Bhaile na h-Ùige, duais Filíochta Gaeilge 2006. ==Liosta leabhar== Úrscéalta: ''Cleasan a’ Bhaile Mhòir'', Sandstown Press, 2009: ISBN: 978-1-905-20729-9 ''Samhraidhean Dìomhair'', CLÀR, 2009: ISBN 978-1-900-90131-4 ''Cluicheadairean'', Acair Ltd, 2013: ISBN 978-0-861-52546-1 ''Nigheanan Mòra'', Sandstone Press, 2014: ISBN 978-1-908-73796-0 Leabhair do pháistí: ''Balach Beag a Mhàthar'', Acair/Stòrlann Nàiseanta na Gàidhlig, 2004: ISBN 978-0-861-52611-6 ''Sgeulachdan Eagalach Feagalach'', Acair Ltd, 2008: ISBN 978-0-861-52336-8 ''An t-Ionnsachadh Bòidheach: Pàirt 1 - Am Fuachd Gorm'', Stòrlann Nàiseanta na Gàidhlig/Acair Ltd, 2014: ISBN 978-0-861-52570-6 ''An t-Ionnsachadh Bòidheach: Pàirt 2 - Campa na Cloinne'', Stòrlann Nàiseanta na Gàidhlig/Acair Ltd, 2015: ISBN 978-0-861-52595-9 Drámaí: ''Doras Dùinte'', Leabhraichean Beaga, 2013 ''Shrapnel: An Dealbh-chluich'', Leabhraichean Beaga, 2016: ISBN 978-0-946-42755-0 Foilseacháin oideachasúla: ''Speaking Our Language: Pasgan Luchd-oideachaidh'', Sreath 1, Comunn na Gàidhlig, 1994 ==Naisc sheachtracha== *[https://www.scottishbooktrust.com/authors/catriona-lexy-campbell Catriona Lexy Campbell] ==Nótaí== {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Filí Albanacha]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Albanacha]] [[Catagóir:Litríocht Ghaeilge na hAlban]] k065d140jep7bewzaukzu3t40dmi687 0 114224 1327902 1317782 2026-09-13T03:24:01Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Nuachtán |editor=Peter Dunne |website={{URL|http://www.gcn.ie}} |periodicitat=I gcló gach re mí, ar líne go laethúil |llengua=An Béarla (corr-alt i nGaeilge) |nom=GCN |nom_original=nom original |nomo=(Gay Community News) |abreviatura=''GCN'' |tipus=Iris [[LADT|LADTA+]] |idioma=idioma |fundacio=1988 |direccio=Michael Brett |fundador=[[Tonie Walsh]] agus [[Catherine Glendon]] |propietari=NXF ([[An Chónaidhm Náisiúnta LADT]]) |seu=[[Baile Átha Cliath]] |estat=estat |editorial=NXF ([[An Chónaidhm Náisiúnta LADT]]) |accesobert=Tá |preu=Saor in aisce |edicions=384+ |distribucio=I gcló agus ar líne |genere=Nuacht, siamsaíocht, stíl mhaireachtála |tema=Cúrsaí [[LADT| LADTA+]] |publicat_a=[[Éire]] |premis=Spiders Awards 2022 Emerging Stronger Digital for Good Award / Not for Profit |precedit_per=TheOutmost.com |web=web |lloc web=lloc web |registre_veu=registre_veu }} Tá '''''GCN''''' (''Gay Community News'') ar an bhfoilsitheoir [[LADT|LADTA+]] agus ar an bhfoilseachán saor in aisce LADTA+ is faide ar an bhfód dá bhfuil in [[Éire|Éirinn]]. Is i m[[Baile Átha Cliath|BÁC]] atá sé lonnaithe agus bunaíodh in 1988 é.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.nlgf.ie/Our_History.html|title=Our History|access-date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103180627/http://www.nlgf.ie/Our_History.html|archive-date=3 November 2013}}</ref> Tá sé faoi ghradam faoi leith ag pobal LADTA+ na hÉireann.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.hotpress.com/opinion/can-gcn-survive-the-web-revolution-6243518|title=Can GCN Survive The Web Revolution?|author=Moore|first=Dermod|date=22 February 2010|work=[[Hotpress]]|access-date=2021-06-21}}</ref> == Stair == Go déanach sna 1980í, d'fhéach na gníomhaithe [[Tonie Walsh]] agus [[Catherine Glendon]] le foilseachán LADTA+ a bhunú a bheadh saor in aisce. Bhí an ''National Gay Federation'' (Gaeilge: An Chónaidhm Náisiúnta Aerach; ''The'' ''National LGBT Federation'' a thugtar anois uirthi, nó NXF, Gaeilge: [[An Chónaidhm Náisiúnta LADT]]) tar éis dhá thréimhseachán LADTA+ a fhoilsiú cheana ar teipeadh orthu, ach d'aontaigh siad nuachtán LADTA+ a bhunú. Foilsíodh an chéad eagrán de ''GCN'' ar an 10 Feabhra 1988<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-birthday-to-have-pride-in-1.700270|teideal=A birthday to have pride in|údar=Brian Finnegan|dáta=14 February 2009|language=en|work=[[The Irish Times]]|dátarochtana=17 Meitheamh 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://gcn.ie/gcn-marks-33-years-as-irelands-national-lgbtq-press/|title=GCN marks 33 years as Ireland's National LGBTQ+ press|author=Connell|first=Lisa|date=2021-02-10|language=en|work=GCN|access-date=2021-06-17}}</ref> mar nuachtán táblóideach ocht leathanach. Niall Sweeney a dhear an chéad eagrán seo<ref name=":1">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.nxf.ie/our-history/|title=History – National LGBT Federation|language=en-US|access-date=2021-06-17}}</ref> agus sna 1990idí chuir an ''Meath Chronicle'' (Gaeilge: [[Croinic na Mí]]) i gcló é.<ref name=":3">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Pettit|first=Lance|date=2016-11-02|title=Ireland's Alternative Press: Writing from the Margins|url=https://arrow.tudublin.ie/icr/vol7/iss1/2|journal=Irish Communication Review|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.21427/D7WH9V|issn=0791-0010}}</ref> Foilsítear é go seasta gach mí ó shin i leith, gan ach eisceacht amháin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">lua de dhíth</span>''&#x5D;</sup> Is trí na tithe tábhairne agus na clubanna a bhí baint ag an bpobal LADTA+ leo a rinneadh é a dháileadh go príomha, chomh maith le spásanna eile a bhí báúil leo ar nós aontais mhac léinn, roinnt siopaí leabhar, agus ionaid phobail agus ealaíon.<ref name=":3" /> Tá ''GCN'' faoi úinéireacht NXF, ar eagraíocht dheonach í, agus is í a fhoilsíonn.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.image.ie/self/13-irish-lgbtqi-charities-to-support-this-pride-month-and-every-month-272179|title=13 Irish LGBTQI+ charities to support this Pride month and every month|author=Finnan|first=Sarah|date=2021-06-01|language=en-US|work=IMAGE.ie|access-date=2021-06-17}}</ref> Ba é Stát na hÉireann a mhaoinigh ''GCN'' ar dtús le linn na tréimhse sna 1980í agus go luath sna 1990í a bhí deacair ó thaobh na heacnamaíochta de. Tá comharthaí maoinithe air fós ón [[Plean Forbartha Náisiúnta|bPlean Forbartha Náisiúnta]] agus ó [[Pobal (eagraíocht)|Phobal]] (nach ionann é agus POBAL).<ref name=":0" /> Dúirt ''GCN'' nach raibh tionchar ag maoiniú ón rialtas agus ó fhógraíocht ar roghanna eagarthóireachta an fhoilseacháin.<ref name=":3" /> Go luath sna 1990idí, d’oibrigh na gníomhaithe agus scríbhneoirí mór le rá, [[Suzy Byrne]] agus [[Junior Larkin]] ar an bhfoilseachán.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://gcn.ie/remembering-junior-larkin/|title=Remembering Junior Larkin • GCN|author=Finnegan|first=Brian|date=2017-07-24|language=en|work=GCN|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> Is i rannóg na bhfógraí ''GCN'' a chuir [[Ray Ó Gealbháin]] an fógra ar chuir tús leis an [[Gaeilgeoirí Aeracha Aontaithe|GAA]]. D’eagrán 100, i 1997, rinne ''GCN'' urraíocht ar an gcéad ''Irish Queer Writers Award'' (Gaeilge: Gradam do Scríbhneoirí Aiteacha na hÉireann), a bhuaigh [[Mícheál Ó Conghaile|Micheál Ó Conghaile]] agus Padraig Rooney ina bhliain tionscnaimh. Le linn an ama seo, d'fhoilsigh ''GCN'' roinnt cartún colláis le [[Margaret Lonergan]] faoin gcultúr leispiach.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Madden|first=Ed|date=2013|title=Queering Ireland, In the Archives|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24576820|journal=Irish University Review|volume=43|issue=1|pages=184–221|doi=10.3366/iur.2013.0064|jstor=24576820|issn=0021-1427}}</ref> Faoi 1998, bhí beirt bhall foirne lánaimseartha ag an bhfoilseachán agus 21 post páirtaimseartha maoinithe ag FÁS<ref name=":3" /> agus bileog 38 leathanach á cur ar fáil acu saor in aisce.<ref name=":0" /> I mí Iúil 2003, ceapadh Brian Finnegan ina eagarthóir agus athsheoladh ''GCN'' mar iris lándaite mar iarracht an foilseachán a dhéanamh níos inmharthana ón thaobh tráchtála de,<ref name=":1" /> le maoiniú ó ''Atlantic Philanthropies''.<ref name=":0" /> Mar thoradh ar an athsheoladh seo bhí ioncam le maíomh ag an bhfoilseachán tar éis roinnt blianta de chaillteanais. Tar éis an choir chun donais eacnamaíoch in 2008 agus caillteanas ioncam fógraíochta, thosaigh ''GCN'' ag reáchtáil feachtais tiomsaithe airgid.<ref name=":1" /> Thosaigh láithreacht ar líne ''GCN'' sa bhliain 2000. Athsheoladh an suíomh gréasáin i mí Eanáir 2014, faoin ainm nua TheOutmost.com.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.nxf.ie/events/the-outmost-gcns-new-website/|title=The Outmost – GCN's new website – National LGBT Federation|language=en-US|access-date=2021-06-21}}</ref> Athraíodh teideal an tsuímh ghréasáin ar ais go ''GCN'' le bheith ag teacht le hathbhrandáil agus athsheoladh iomlán na hirise in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://viralbamboo.com/project/gcn/|title=GCN|language=en-US|work=Viralbamboo|access-date=2021-06-21}}</ref> In 2019, ceapadh Lisa Connell ina hEagarthóir Bhainistíochta ar ''GCN''<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://gcn.ie/gcn-appoints-new-managing-editor/|title=GCN appoints new Managing Editor: Lisa Connell|author=Dunne|first=Peter|date=2019-03-22|language=en|work=GCN|access-date=2023-07-19}}</ref> chun an eagraíocht a stiúradh isteach ina chéad chaibidil eile, le Peter Dunne ina Eagarthóir ar an iris chlóite agus le Ceannaire Digiteach, Margaíochta agus Forbartha, Stefano Pappalardo, i gceannas ar chúrsaí digiteacha. In 2022 bronnadh an ''Spider Award'' ‘''Emerging Stronger – Digital for Good Award / Not-for-Profit''’ ar ''GCN'', a thugann aitheantas d'eagraíochtaí gan beann ar [[Brabús|bhrabús]] a spreagann feabhas digiteach ar fud a láithreáin ghréasáin, meáin shóisialta nó seirbhísí.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://gcn.ie/gcn-spiders-awards-2022/|title=GCN wins 'Digital for Good Award' at 2022 Spiders Awards|author=GCN|first=Intern|date=2022-04-01|language=en|work=GCN|access-date=2023-07-19}}</ref> I mí Eanáir 2023, cheap ''GCN'' an Bainisteoir Grúpa Michael Brett chun asraon meán náisiúnta LADTA+ na hÉireann a threorú ina sheirbhís don phobal. I mí an Mheithimh 2023, sheol ''GCN'' a [https://archive.gcn.ie/ Chartlann Dhigiteach], rud a chuir eagráin an chéad deich mbliana den iris ar fáil saor in aisce do léitheoirí ar líne don chéad uair ina stair 35 bliain. Maoiníodh digitiú chartlann ''GCN'' tríd an gciste Seirbhísí Pobail LGBTI+ ón Roinn Leanaí, Comhionannais, Míchumais, Lánpháirtíochta agus Óige. Sa lá atá inniu ann, tá ''GCN'' tar éis tiontú diaidh ar ndiaidh ó iris mhíosúil go preas náisiúnta LADTA+ saor in aisce na hÉireann agus go acmhainn lárnach don phobal, ag feidhmiú mar mhol agus ag féachaint le heolas, siamsaíocht agus ardán a thabhairt don phobal, le hoideachas a chur air, lena nascadh, agus le tacú leo. Tá láithreacht bhríomhar chlóite agus dhigiteach ag ''GCN'' lena iris, lena shuíomh gréasáin nuachta, siamsaíochta agus stíl mhaireachtála, agus lena tionscnaimh dhigiteacha, feachtais, imeachtaí beo, cainéil meán sóisialta agus [https://shop.gcn.ie/ siopa ar líne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624081434/https://shop.gcn.ie/ |date=2024-06-24 }}. == Féach freisin == * [[Gaeilgeoirí Aeracha Aontaithe]] * [[AerachAiteachGaelach]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.gcn.ie ''GCN'' ar líne] * [https://archive.gcn.ie/ Cartlann Dhigiteach ''GCN''] * [https://dri.ie/atlanticphilanthropies/spotlight/amplifying-change/catalog/dfe5b916544e85dd2966d2e7aff7656a Agallamh le Tonie Walsh ina bpléann sé bunú ''GCN'']{{Dead link|date=Feabhra 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Nuachtáin in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Suímh ghréasáin]] [[Catagóir:Meáin na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Irisí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Irisí nuachta]] [[Catagóir:Tréimhseacháin Bhéarla]] [[Catagóir:Tréimhseacháin Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Soláthraithe Éireannacha nuachta]] [[Catagóir:Meáin LADT|*]] [[Catagóir:Cultúr LADT]] [[Catagóir:Stair lucht LADT in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:LADT]] [[Catagóir:Démhíosacháin]] [[Catagóir:Saoracháin]] [[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 1988]] [[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 1980í]] {{Nuachtáin in Éirinn}} b9x823xmtdgylsrx04246r9hi4fznqd 0 114312 1327916 1224170 2026-09-13T10:47:00Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Scannáin|item=Q20751338}}Is [[scannán]] [[Beochan|beochana]] [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceánach]] é '''''Rock Dog''''' ón bhliain [[2016]]. == Carachtair == * [[Luke Wilson]] — Bodi * [[J. K. Simmons]] — Khampa * [[Eddie Izzard]] — Angus Scattergood * [[Lewis Black]] — Linnux * [[Sam Elliott]] — Fleetwood Yak * [[Kenan Thompson]] — Riff * [[Mae Whitman]] — Darma * [[Jorge Garcia]] — Germur * [[Matt Dillon]] — Trey * [[Liza Richardson]] — Radio DJ * [[Ash Brannon]] — Ian * [[Will Finn]] — Floyd == Athbhreithnithe == Thug [[Rotten Tomatoes]] 46% don scannán seo ó 56 léirmheas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rock_dog|teideal=Rock Dog (2017)|language=en|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdaymonth=2024-06-28|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.rockdogmovie.com/ Suíomh oifigiúil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215020956/http://rockdogmovie.com/ |date=2019-12-15 }} * [[imdbtitle:2822672|''Rock Dog'' ar IMDB]] * [https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v663300 ''Rock Dog'' ar AllMovie] * [http://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film293525.html ''Rock Dog'' ar FilmAffinity] [[Catagóir:Scannáin 2016]] [[Catagóir:Scannáin Mheiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Scannáin beochana 2016]] [[Catagóir:Scannáin Béarla]] 6924clogpp6sj749aurxxvrwylp3chq 10 117358 1327907 1254829 2026-09-13T08:24:44Z CommonsDelinker 440 Ag baint [[:Íomhá:Flag_of_West_Germany;_Flag_of_Germany_(1990–1996).svg|Flag_of_West_Germany;_Flag_of_Germany_(1990–1996).svg]] amach, agus ag chur [[:Íomhá:Flag_of_East_Germany_(1949–1959),_Flag_of_West_Germany_(1949–1990),_Flag_of_Germany_(1990–1996).sv 1327907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst<noinclude />: {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Germany | flag alias = Flag of Germany.svg | flag alias-1866 = Flag of the German Empire.svg | link alias-1866 = German Empire | flag alias-empire = Flag of the German Empire.svg | link alias-empire = German Empire | flag alias-1919 = Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg | link alias-1919 = Weimar Republic | flag alias-Weimar = Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg | link alias-Weimar = Weimar Republic | flag alias-1933 = Flag of Germany (1933-1935).svg | flag alias-1935 = Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg | link alias-1935 = Nazi Germany | flag alias-Nazi = Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg | link alias-Nazi = Nazi Germany | flag alias-1946 = Merchant flag of Germany (1946–1949).svg | border-1946 = | flag alias-1949 = Flag of Germany.svg | flag alias-EUA = German Olympic flag (1959-1968).svg | flag alias-gold = Flag of East Germany (1949–1959), Flag of West Germany (1949–1990), Flag of Germany (1990–1996).svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Germany (state).svg | link alias-military = Bundeswehr | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Germany.svg | border-naval = | link alias-naval = German Navy | flag alias-coast guard=German Federal Coast Guard racing stripe.svg | border-coast guard= | link alias-coast guard=German Federal Coast Guard | flag alias-army = Colour of Germany.svg | flag alias-air force =Flag of Germany (state).svg | link alias-air force = German Air Force | link alias-army = German Army | flag alias-navy = Naval Ensign of Germany.svg | link alias-navy = German Navy | border-navy = | border-army= | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1866 | var2 = empire | var3 = 1919 | var4 = Weimar | var5 = 1933 | var6 = 1935 | var7 = Nazi | var8 = 1946 | var9 = 1949 | var10 = EUA | var11 = gold | var12 = state | redir1 = DEU | redir2 = GER | related1 = German Empire | related2 = Weimar Republic | related3 = Nazi Germany | related4 = Allied-occupied Germany | related5 = East Germany | related6 = West Germany </noinclude> }} fcymbltx3lrzsj4880p8mae31rjx7p3 0 119094 1327882 1327858 2026-09-12T21:02:26Z TGcoa 21229 1327882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Is taispeántas tumtha amhránaíochta é '''Tionscadal Abair Amhrán'''<ref>i mBéarla, ''Say a Song Project''</ref> le [[Doireann Ní Ghlacáin]], a tháinig ar an bhfód in 2024.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irishartscenter.org/event/say-a-song-project|teideal=Say a Song Project - Irish Arts Center|work=irishartscenter.org|dátarochtana=2026-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thecomplex.ie/post/new-event-say-a-song-irish-music-project-the-depot|teideal='Say a Song' Irish Music Project launch @ The Complex.|dáta=2024-09-11|language=en|work=The Complex|dátarochtana=2026-09-11}}</ref> Tugann Doireann Ní Ghlacáin cuireadh don lucht féachana ‘iad féin a thumadh san amhrán’. Deich n-amhrán íocónacha ón traidisiún atá i gceist ann. Maítear go dtugann an taispeántas an lucht féachana ar 'odaisé mhór ar fud na hÉireann, ag trasnú a tírdhreacha shaibhir chultúrtha agus ag tarraingt faoi seach ó thraidisiúin na Mumhan, Laighean, Chonnacht agus Uladh. Tugtar ann freisin peirspictíochtaí úra ó scríbhneoirí aitheanta ar scéalta eipiciúla na n-amhrán ar an sean-nós, á n-aistriú agus á n-athshamhlú ó Ghaeilge go Béarla do lucht féachana comhaimseartha, ag nascadh an ama atá thart agus an lá atá inniu ann i gceiliúradh bríomhar ar oidhreacht chultúrtha na hÉireann. == Féach freisin == *[[Abair Amhrán (leabhair agus suíomh)|''Abair Amhrán'' (leabhair agus suíomh)]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síolta ceol}} [[Catagóir:Amhráin ar an sean nós]] [[Catagóir:Ceol traidisiúnta na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Imeachtaí Ceoil]] 5qb2ottm8x12cw742yz2mao2xcugim4 0 119490 1327918 1320775 2026-09-13T11:39:54Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{Le haghaidh|an tsuímh gréasáin de chuid [[Conradh na Gaeilge|ChnaG]]|Scéal.ie}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Nuachtán |editor=[[Éanna Ó Caollaí]] <!--|propietari=Úinéir--> |periodicitat=Seachtanán; ar sos go dtí 01/09/2026<ref name=":5">{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=14 Iúil 2026|title=Nóta|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 1}}</ref> <!--|fundador=bunaitheoir--> |genere=[[Nuachtán]] |tema=[[Nuacht]], [[Cúrsaí reatha]], [[Nósanna maireachtála]], [[Cultúr]], [[Spórt]] <!--|publicat_a=[[Éire]]--> |distribucio=Leagan clóite |idioma=[[An Ghaeilge]] <!--|editorial=foilsitheoir--> |fundacio=15/04/2025 <!--|tancament=Am deiridh--> |seu=[[Éire]] <!--|preu=Saor in aisce--> <!--|website=--> |digital=mailto:sceal@irishtimes.com |dia_publicacio=Dé Máirt |pagines=16 }} Nuachtán nó iris seachtainiúil [[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge]] is ea '''[[Scéal (nuachtán)|''Scéal'']]'''. Clúdaíonn sé cúrsaí reatha taobh le colúin tuairimíochta, léirmheasanna cultúrtha, próifílí, agallaimh, clúdach ar imeachtaí Gaeilge, gné oideachasúil san áireamh le ceacht seachtainiúil dírithe ar léitheoirí le gach leibhéal líofachta.<ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Éanna Ó Caollaí]]|date=2025-04-15|title=Scéal|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|issue=1|pages=lch 2}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/podcasts/22508576-aine-ni-dhonnaile-iriseoir/|teideal=Áine Ní Dhonnaile, iriseoir.|údar=[[Pé Scéal É]]|dáta=2025-04-25|work=[[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta|Raidió na Gaeltachta]]|dátarochtana=2025-06-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601194727/https://www.rte.ie/radio/podcasts/22508576-aine-ni-dhonnaile-iriseoir/|archivedate=2025-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Áine Ní Dhonnaile]]|date=13 Eanáir 2026|title=Ar chuala tú an Scéal.ie?|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 2}}</ref> Foilsítear é gach maidin Dé Máirt le ''[[The Irish Times]]'' agus leis an ''[[Irish Examiner]]''. Seoladh ar an 15ú Aibreán 2025 é.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/tuarascail/2025/04/15/gearcheim-theangeolaiochta-bhrisfeadh-se-do-chroi/|teideal=Géarchéim theangeolaíochta: ‘Bhrisfeadh sé do chroí’|údar=[[Michelle Nic Pháidín]]|dáta=2025-04-15|work=[[The Irish Times]]|dátarochtana=2025-06-01}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22505509/|teideal=Éanna Ó Caollaí, Irish Times.|údar=[[Adhmhaidin]]|dáta=2025-04-15|work=[[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta|Raidió na Gaeltachta]]|dátarochtana=2025-06-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601210820/https://podcast.rasset.ie/podcasts/audio/2025/0415/20250415_rteraidion-adhmhaidin-annacaolla_c22505509_22505539_232_.mp3|archivedate=2025-06-01}}</ref> == Foireann == Is é [[Éanna Ó Caollaí]] eagarthóir ''Scéal''. Luaite mar scríbhneoirí tá:<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> * [[Michelle Nic Pháidín]] (scríbhneoir agus iriseoir) * [[Una Mullally]] (colúnaí agus scríbhneoir) * [[Dónall P. Ó Baoill]] (saineolaí Gaeilge agus teangeolaíochta) * [[Concubhar Ó Liatháin]] (iriseoir) * [[Catherine Foley]] (iriseoir) * [[Alan Titley]] (colúnaí agus scríbhneoir) * Máire Ní Bhraonáin (láithreoir, tráchtaire agus colúnaí spóirt) * [[Harry McGee]] * [[Ursula Savage]] Tá daoine ag obair go neamhspleách air freisin, m.sh. an colúnaí nósanna maireachtála [[Áine Ní Dhonnaile]].<ref name=":2" /> Chuir an t-eagarthóir béim ar thaithí an fhoireann scríbhneoirí ar chúrsaí "Gaeilge, cúrsaí na Gaeltachta, cúrsaí na tíre freisin, cúrsaí na polaitíochta, na litríochta is 'chuile sheort."<ref name=":3" /> Fuair [[Conchubhar Ó Liatháin]] ainmniúchán sa chatagóir "Iriseoir na Bliana" ag Gradaim Chumarsáid an [[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|Oireachtais]] sa bhliain 2025 i ngeall ar a chuid scríbhneoireachta le ''Scéal'' agus le [[The Echo|''The Echo'']].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.antoireachtas.ie/gradaim-chumarsaide/gearrliosta-2025.html|teideal=Gearrliosta 2025 {{!}} Gradaim Chumarsáide|work=[[Oireachtas na Gaeilge|An tOireachtas]]|dátarochtana=13 Samhain 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=19 Meán Fómhair 2025|url=https://anpáipéar.ie/2025/09/gearrliosta-ghradaim-chumarsaide-an-oireachtais-2025-fogartha/|title=Gearrliosta ghradaim chumarsáide an Oireachtais 2025 fógartha|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|issue=Eagrán 47}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/gearrliostai-ghradaim-chumarsaide-an-oireachtais-2025-fogartha/|teideal=Gearrliostaí Ghradaim Chumarsáide an Oireachtais 2025 fógartha|dáta=2025-09-19|work=[[Tuairisc.ie]]|dátarochtana=2025-11-13}}</ref> == Ábhar == {| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" | style="text-align: left;" | "Tarraingíonn scéal scéal eile" |- | style="text-align: right;" |—[[Seanfhocal]]<ref name=":0" /> |} In eagarfhocal an chéad eagráin, scríobh Ó Caollaí go bhfuil "stair phobal agus ghluaiseacht na Gaeilge bunaithe ar ghníomhaíocht", é ag lua roinnt torthaí atá an fheachtasaíocht phobail tar éis baint amach go dtí seo ó bhunú [[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta|RnaG]] i leith agus á rá go mbeidh ''Scéal'' ag déanamh iriseoireachta ar fhadhbanna atá ag bagairt ar an bpobal fós. Chuir sé fáilte roimh thuairimí lucht léite an fhoilseacháin nua, á rá go bhfuil an foireann ag súil le nuachtán a chruthú "a fhreastalaíonn ar phobal ilchineálach na Gaeilge."<ref name=":0" /> Chomh maith le scéalta nuaíochta agus cúrsaí reatha, tá colúin nósanna maireachtála agus spóirt ann, eolas ar imeachtaí na seachtaine, cluichí beaga agus cúpla puzal d'fhoghlaimeoirí. Dar leis an gcolúnaí nósanna maireachtála Áine Ní Dhonnaile, cuireann ''Scéal'' roimhe "ní áis foghlamtha, ach go díreach áis Ghaeilig a chur ar fáil do dhaoine." Is ar phobal leathan léitheoirí atá sé dírithe.<ref name=":2" /> Tá "an-éagsúlacht ann" dar leis an láithreoir raidió [[Gráinne Uí Chaomhánaigh]], agus tá sé "tráthúil".<ref name=":4">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22506093/|teideal=Tús Áite: Mír na Meán|dáta=2025-04-16|work=[[Raidió na Gaeltachta]]|dátarochtana=2025-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.phoenixfm.ie/show/d15-today-tuesday/|teideal=D15 Today Tuesday|work=[[Phoenix 92.5FM|92.5 Phoenix FM]]|dátarochtana=2025-07-15}}</ref> Chuir ''Scéal'' painéal plé i láthair ag [[An Phicnic Leictreach|Picnic Leictreach]] 2025 idir [[Catherine Connolly|Chatherine Connolly]], [[Alan Titley]], [[Eoghan Ó Ceannabháin]] agus [[John Prendergast]], agus [[Emma Ferrari]] a bhí mar bhean an tí. Chuir [[Róisín El Cherif]] clabhsúr leis le leagan trítheangach den amhrán "[[Siúil A Rún|Siúil a Rún]]" agus cuireadh amach mar phodchraoladh é ní ba dhéanaí.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.raidionalife.ie/ep25-beidh-leictreachas-san-aer-agus-ar-an-aer-agus-raidio-na-life-sa-phuball-gaeilge-ag-ep-2025/|teideal=#EP25: Beidh leictreachas san aer agus ar an aer agus Raidió na Life sa Phuball Gaeilge ag EP 2025!|údar=[[Róisín Ní Mhaoláin]]|dáta=27 Lúnasa 2025|work=[[Raidió na Life]]|dátarochtana=2025-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=29 Lúnasa 2025|url=https://anpáipéar.ie/2025/08/beidh-leictreachas-san-aer-agus-ar-an-aer-agus-raidio-na-life-sa-phuball-gaeilge/|title=Beidh leictreachas san aer agus ar an aer agus Raidió na Life sa Phuball Gaeilge|journal=[[An Páipéar (nuachtán)|An Páipéar]]|issue=Eagrán 44}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Éanna Ó Caollaí]]|date=2 Meán Fómhair 2025|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/2025/09/02/taimid-i-bhfad-nios-treise-le-cheile/|title=“Táimid i bhfad níos treise le chéile”|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 1}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Éanna Ó Caollaí]]|date=8 Meán Fómhair 2025|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/tuarascail/2025/09/08/borradh-na-gaeilge-ar-taispeaint-i-sraidbhaile-laoise/|title=Borradh na Gaeilge ar taispeáint i Sráidbhaile Laoise|journal=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref><ref group="nóta">Painéal plé: {{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.podbean.com/ew/dir-72dyc-28aeffed|teideal=Scéal|údar=[[Raidió na Life]]|dáta=11 Samhain 2025|work=[[Podbean]]|dátarochtana=12 Samhain 2025}}{{Dead link|date=Nollaig 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br/>Agallamh: {{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.podbean.com/ew/dir-syvqq-28aeffec|teideal=Catherine Connolly - Picnic Leictreach 2025|údar=[[Raidió na Life]]|dáta=11 Samhain 2025|work=[[Podbean]]|dátarochtana=12 Samhain 2025}}{{Dead link|date=Meán Fómhair 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Dáileadh agus maoiniú == Is le ceannach mar fhorlíonadh san ''Irish Times'' agus san ''Irish Examiner'' araon atá fáil ar ''Scéal''.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Tá sé faoi úinéireacht an ''Irish Times''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[An Coimisinéir Teanga|Oifig an Choimisinéara Teanga]]|url=https://www.languagecommissioner.ie/userfiles/files/OCT_Me%C3%A1inGhaeilge_N%C3%B3taTreorach_GA_EN_040225.pdf|year=2025|month=Aibreán|title=Na Meáin Ghaeilge|pages=lch 3}}</ref> Nuachtán 16 leathanach a bhí ann an chéad lá.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Ní bhíonn gach alt le feiceáil ar shuíomh an ''Irish Times'' ná an ''Irish Examiner''. Is mar leagan clóite agus san '''ePaper''<nowiki/>' amháin a fhoilsítear é ina iomláine.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /><ref group="nóta">Seiceáilte 01/07/2025</ref> Thug an t-eagarthóir le fios go raibh méadú ar fhógraíocht i nGaeilge ó chomhlachtaí poiblí le deireanas i measc na dtosca a spreag bunú an fhoilseacháin seo.<ref name=":3" /> == Naisc sheachtracha == * Suíomh (rogha alt): ''[https://www.irishtimes.com/gaeilge/sceal/ Scéal]'' ⁊ [https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/sceal/ ''Scéal''] * [https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22505509/ Agallamh leis an eagarthóir Éanna Ó Caollaí ar ''Adhmhaidin'' (15/04/2025)] * [https://www.rte.ie/radio/podcasts/22508576-aine-ni-dhonnaile-iriseoir/ Agallamh leis an saoririseoir Áine Ní Dhonnaile ar ''Pé Scéal É'' (25/04/2025)] == Féach freisin == * [[An Páipéar|''An Páipéar'']] * ''[[Tuairisc.ie|Tuairisc]]'' * [[Seachtain (nuachtán)|''Seachtain'']] * ''[[Comhar]]'' * [[Nós (iris)|''NÓS'']] * ''[[ExtraG.ie|ExtraG]]'' ==Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} ====Nótaí==== {{reflist|group=nóta}} {{Nuachtáin in Éirinn}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sceal}} [[Catagóir:Nuachtáin na Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Irisí nuachta i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Soláthraithe nuachta i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Soláthraithe Éireannacha nuachta]] [[Catagóir:Meáin na Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Irish Times|*]] [[Catagóir:Irish Examiner|*]] [[Catagóir:Seachtanáin]] [[Catagóir:Bunaithe sa bhliain 2025]] [[Catagóir:Bunaithe sna 2020í]] [[Catagóir:Irisí Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Irisí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Irisí nuachta]] [[Catagóir:Irisí liteartha i nGaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Irisí liteartha]] [[Catagóir:Nuachtáin]] [[Catagóir:Forlíonta tréimhseachán]] [[Catagóir:Tréimhseacháin Ghaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Tréimhseacháin Éireannacha]] cusl1nhxsaybchuhwykz4xc9idbi7cz 2 119999 1327865 1327847 2026-09-12T12:50:23Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Uaimheanna na Céise */ 1327865 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Tuamaí pasáiste i nÉirinn]], [[Tuamaí na Ceathrún Caoile]], [[Ráth Cuaráin]], [[An Bricshliabh]] # ''[[:en:Caves of Kesh|Caves of Kesh]]'' - [[Uaimheanna na Céise]] #* [[Carn Ochtriallaigh]] == Uaimheanna na Céise == [[Íomhá:Keshcorran Caves 10816.jpg | mion | 250px | Uaimheanna na Céise]] Is sraith uaimheanna [[réigiún carst|aolchloiche]] gar den Chéis i g[[Contae Shligigh]] iad '''Uaimheanna na Céise'''.<ref name=logainm /> Suite ar an taobh thiar de Chnoc Chéis Chorainn (chuid [[an Bricshliabh]]) is ea na huaimheanna, le sé phluais déag, cuid dóibh le naisc eatarthu. Tá fianaise ann go raibh daoine daonna sna huaimheanna léir na mílte bliana anuas, agus gur tharla anseo deasghnátha ársa amhail is [[Lughnasadh]].<ref name=MacNeill1962 /> I rith tochailtí déanta le linn na 20ú haoise, go háirithe ag [[Robert Francis Scharff]], aimsíodh conablaigh shuntasacha, ina n-áirítear cnámha [[béar donn]], [[leimín Artach]], [[fia mór na mbeann]] agus [[mac tíre]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> == Geolaíocht Tá na sé phluais déag le feiceáil ag bun áille ísle ar an taobh thiar den chnoc.<ref name=Aretz2010 /> Cruthaíodh iad le síonchaitheamh [[aolchloch charbónmhar|aolchloiche carbónmhaire]], gearrtha ingearach leis an éadan carraige. Tá an-chuid [[grianchloch]] ann, agus tá glacial cisil oighreacha bolláin ag béal na bpluaiseanna i ndiaidh cúlú na n-[[oighearchlúid]]eacha.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> '' The caves bear evidence of being washed out by water, and a layer of [[breisia]] containing limestone blocks can be found in many of them. Stalagmite floors are rare, and when present appear to have been burrowed into by foxes and badgers.<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> [[Íomhá:The Caves of Keash.JPG| mion | 270px | ''The sixteen entrances to the Uaimheanna na Céise]] [[Íomhá:1903 Kesh Caves.jpg| mion | ''[[Robert Lloyd Praeger|Praeger's]] 1903 plan of the caves]] <!-- ==History of exploration The first thorough exploration of the caves at Keshcorran occurred during five weeks in 1901, and was initiated after a portion of a bear's skull had been discovered some years earlier.<ref name=ITS>{{Cite web |url=http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |title=Bricklieve Mountains |publisher=Institute of Technology Sligo |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119072329/http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These excavations, headed by [[Robert Francis Scharff]], R. J. Ussher, and [[Robert Lloyd Praeger]], recovered bones of [[Red deer|deer]], ox, goat, pig, [[Brown bear|bear]], horse, sheep, donkey, [[Mountain hare|hare]], mouse, [[Brown rat|rat]], badger, fox, dog, [[Gray wolf|wolf]], and [[stoat]]. For the first time in Ireland, evidence of the [[Arctic lemming]] was also discovered, drawing headlines around the country.<ref name=ITS /> Another important recovery was that of a metacarpus of reindeer, discovered above an area of burnt charcoal. This suggests that reindeer in Ireland survived until the human period.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Also recovered from the excavations were the four oldest species of [[Mollusca|molluscs]] found in Ireland at the time, the remains of several fish, and numerous species of bird, most notably the [[Rock ptarmigan|ptarmigan]], [[smew]], and [[little auk]]. Another recovery of note was that of several fossilised frog bones found in the lowest stratum, which disproved a common belief that the species had only been introduced in 1699.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Finally, the excavations found evidence of occasional human habitation going as far back as the [[Neolithic]], with more regular occupation being identified from the 10th century onward. Five human teeth and the [[humerus]] of a male were found in the caves, and man-made artefacts that were recovered include two bone needles, a bone comb, a stone [[Celt (tool)|celt]], an iron saw, two bronze pins, and a stone axe of [[adze]] type. Shells of [[Blue mussel|mussel]] and oyster were also found, further supporting human settlement.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Further explorations took place in 1929 and 1930, and these led to the recovery of more bones of lemming, reindeer, mouse, pig, hare, horse, frog, rabbit, sheep, fox, stoat, bear, dog, ox, badger and rat. The excavations also discovered remains of [[Irish elk|elk]], cat, shrew, and duck.<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> In more recent times, some of the mammal bones recovered from these excavations have been re-analysed with [[radiocarbon dating]], confirming a late-glacial estimate for the bones found in the lower layers. Those of the bear, deer, hare, and wolf were dated to around 10,000 BC, while those of the stoat and horse were dated to around 6000 BC and 400 BC respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.showcaves.com/english/ie/caves/Keshcorran.html |title=Caves of Keshcorran| publisher=Show Caves of the World |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref><ref name=ITS /> The most recent discovery from the caves occurred in 1971, when a left [[tibia]] of an adult was recovered in a pool of water.<ref name=Timoney /> It has subsequently been dated to the turn of the 11th century, coinciding with an entry in the [[Annals of the Four Masters]] for 1007 AD; : ''"Muireadhach, a distinguished bishop, son of the brother of Ainmire Bocht, was suffocated in a cave, in Gaileanga of Corann."''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100005B/text011.html |title=Annal M1007.2| publisher=University College Cork |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref> --> == Béaloideas '' The Uaimheanna na Céise featured prominently in medieval [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]] and stories, with folk versions of these tales continuing in [[béaloideas]] until the 20th century. The caves are often presented as being associated with the [[alltar]], and as places to be respected and feared.<ref name=Meehan2004 /> ''[[Cath Maige Mucrama]]'' tells of the birth of [[Cormac mac Airt]] at the foot of Céis Chorainn. He is reputed to have been raised by a wolf in the caves, in a tale reminiscent of [[Romulus agus Remus]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> '' The caves also feature in three stories about [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]. The first, found in [[An Fhiannaíocht#Associated works|Duanaire Finn]], relates a journey by Fionn to an otherworld [[Forge|smithy]] located inside the caves. The second tale, known as ''Bruidhean Chéise Corainn'', tells of the warrior being captured and bound in the caves by the [[Tuatha Dé Danann]]. Another tale, ''the Death of Diarmuid in the Boar Hunt'', mentions [[Diarmuid Ua Duibne|Diarmuid]] and [[Gráinne (miotaseolaíocht)]] as taking refuge in the caves from a vengeful Fionn.<ref name=carrowkeel /> '' A more modern tale regarding the caves of Céis Chorainn can be found in a 1779 diary of [[Gabriel Beranger]]; : ''"This cavern is said to communicate with that in [[Contae Ros Comáin]] ... called [[Ráth Cruachan#Uaimh na gCat|Uaimh na gCat]], of which is told (and believed in both counties) that a woman in the county of Roscommon having an unruly calf could never get him home unless driving him by holding him by the tail; that one day he tried to escape and dragged the woman, against her will into the Hellmouth door ... and continued running until next morning. She came out at Kishcorren [sic], to her own amazement and that of the neighbouring people. We believed it rather than try it."''<ref name=Wilde1880 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín| url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/112051 | teideal = Uaimheanna na Céise | website = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 11 Iúil 2023}}</ref> <ref name=MacNeill1962>MacNeill, Máire (1962), ''The Festival of Lughnasa''</ref> <ref name=Timoney2013>{{cite book | title=Dedicated to Sligo: 34 Essays on Sligo's Past | editor-last=Timoney | editor-first=Martin | pages=75–80 | year=2013 | publisher=Publishing Sligo's Past | isbn=978-0-9575547-0-2}}</ref> <ref name=Aretz2010>Aretz, Markus (2010), ''Rugose coral biostromes in the late Viséan (Mississippian) of NW Ireland''</ref> <ref name=Scharff1903>Scharff, Robert Francis (1903), ''The Exploration of the Caves of Kesh, County Sligo]'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30079180 30079180]</ref> <ref name=Gwynn1940>Gwynn, Arthur Montague (1940), ''Report on a Further Exploration (1929) of the Caves of Keshcorran, Co. Sligo'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20518797 20518797]</ref> <ref name=Meehan2004>{{cite book | last=Meehan | first=Cary | date=2004 | title=Sacred Ireland | location=Somerset | publisher=Gothic Image Publications | page=680 | isbn=0 906362 43 1}}</ref> <ref name=carrowkeel>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.carrowkeel.com/sites/carrowkeel/keshmyth.html | teideal = The Mythology of Kesh Corann | foilsitheoir = Sacred Island Guided Tours | dátarochtana = 6 Deireadh Fómhair 2017}}</ref> <ref name=Wilde1880>Wilde, William (1880), ''[https://archive.org/stream/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog#page/n58/mode/2up The Memoirs of Gabriel Beranger]'', p. 48. [https://archive.org/details/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog PDF here]</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Céis, Uaimheanna na}} [[Catagóir:Sléibhte agus sliabhraonta na hÉireann]] == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ k1utd6fbvwcnopoyyvr86t8ci674pli 1327866 1327865 2026-09-12T15:07:49Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Uaimheanna na Céise */ 1327866 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Tuamaí pasáiste i nÉirinn]], [[Tuamaí na Ceathrún Caoile]], [[Ráth Cuaráin]], [[An Bricshliabh]] # ''[[:en:Caves of Kesh|Caves of Kesh]]'' - [[Uaimheanna na Céise]] #* [[Carn Ochtriallaigh]] == Uaimheanna na Céise == [[Íomhá:Keshcorran Caves 10816.jpg | mion | 250px | Uaimheanna na Céise]] Is sraith uaimheanna [[réigiún carst|aolchloiche]] gar den Chéis i g[[Contae Shligigh]] iad '''Uaimheanna na Céise'''.<ref name=logainm /> Suite ar an taobh thiar de Chnoc Chéis Chorainn (chuid [[an Bricshliabh]]) is ea na huaimheanna, le sé phluais déag, cuid dóibh le naisc eatarthu. Tá fianaise ann go raibh daoine daonna sna huaimheanna léir na mílte bliana anuas, agus gur tharla anseo deasghnátha ársa amhail is [[Lughnasadh]].<ref name=MacNeill1962 /> I rith tochailtí déanta le linn na 20ú haoise, go háirithe ag [[Robert Francis Scharff]], aimsíodh conablaigh shuntasacha, ina n-áirítear cnámha [[béar donn]], [[leimín Artach]], [[fia mór na mbeann]] agus [[mac tíre]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> == Geolaíocht Tá na sé phluais déag suite ag bun aille ísle ar an taobh thiar den chnoc.<ref name=Aretz2010 /> Cruthaíodh iad le síonchaitheamh [[aolchloch charbónmhar|aolchloiche carbónmhaire]], agus iad ag rith ingearach leis an éadan carraige. Tá an-chuid [[grianchloch]] ann, agus tá cisil oighreacha bolláin ag béal na bpluaiseanna i ndiaidh cúlú na n-[[oighearchlúid]]eacha.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> '' The caves bear evidence of being washed out by water, and a layer of [[breisia]] containing limestone blocks can be found in many of them. Stalagmite floors are rare, and when present appear to have been burrowed into by foxes and badgers.<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> [[Íomhá:The Caves of Keash.JPG| mion | 270px | ''The sixteen entrances to the Uaimheanna na Céise]] [[Íomhá:1903 Kesh Caves.jpg| mion | ''[[Robert Lloyd Praeger|Praeger's]] 1903 plan of the caves]] <!-- ==History of exploration The first thorough exploration of the caves at Keshcorran occurred during five weeks in 1901, and was initiated after a portion of a bear's skull had been discovered some years earlier.<ref name=ITS>{{Cite web |url=http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |title=Bricklieve Mountains |publisher=Institute of Technology Sligo |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119072329/http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These excavations, headed by [[Robert Francis Scharff]], R. J. Ussher, and [[Robert Lloyd Praeger]], recovered bones of [[Red deer|deer]], ox, goat, pig, [[Brown bear|bear]], horse, sheep, donkey, [[Mountain hare|hare]], mouse, [[Brown rat|rat]], badger, fox, dog, [[Gray wolf|wolf]], and [[stoat]]. For the first time in Ireland, evidence of the [[Arctic lemming]] was also discovered, drawing headlines around the country.<ref name=ITS /> Another important recovery was that of a metacarpus of reindeer, discovered above an area of burnt charcoal. This suggests that reindeer in Ireland survived until the human period.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Also recovered from the excavations were the four oldest species of [[Mollusca|molluscs]] found in Ireland at the time, the remains of several fish, and numerous species of bird, most notably the [[Rock ptarmigan|ptarmigan]], [[smew]], and [[little auk]]. Another recovery of note was that of several fossilised frog bones found in the lowest stratum, which disproved a common belief that the species had only been introduced in 1699.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Finally, the excavations found evidence of occasional human habitation going as far back as the [[Neolithic]], with more regular occupation being identified from the 10th century onward. Five human teeth and the [[humerus]] of a male were found in the caves, and man-made artefacts that were recovered include two bone needles, a bone comb, a stone [[Celt (tool)|celt]], an iron saw, two bronze pins, and a stone axe of [[adze]] type. Shells of [[Blue mussel|mussel]] and oyster were also found, further supporting human settlement.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Further explorations took place in 1929 and 1930, and these led to the recovery of more bones of lemming, reindeer, mouse, pig, hare, horse, frog, rabbit, sheep, fox, stoat, bear, dog, ox, badger and rat. The excavations also discovered remains of [[Irish elk|elk]], cat, shrew, and duck.<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> In more recent times, some of the mammal bones recovered from these excavations have been re-analysed with [[radiocarbon dating]], confirming a late-glacial estimate for the bones found in the lower layers. Those of the bear, deer, hare, and wolf were dated to around 10,000 BC, while those of the stoat and horse were dated to around 6000 BC and 400 BC respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.showcaves.com/english/ie/caves/Keshcorran.html |title=Caves of Keshcorran| publisher=Show Caves of the World |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref><ref name=ITS /> The most recent discovery from the caves occurred in 1971, when a left [[tibia]] of an adult was recovered in a pool of water.<ref name=Timoney /> It has subsequently been dated to the turn of the 11th century, coinciding with an entry in the [[Annals of the Four Masters]] for 1007 AD; : ''"Muireadhach, a distinguished bishop, son of the brother of Ainmire Bocht, was suffocated in a cave, in Gaileanga of Corann."''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100005B/text011.html |title=Annal M1007.2| publisher=University College Cork |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref> --> == Béaloideas Feictear uaimheanna na Céise go suntasach [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], agus mhair na scéalta seo beo sa {{h|béaloideas}} go dtí an 20ú haois. Bhíodh nasc idir na pluaiseanna agus an [[alltar]].<ref name=Meehan2004 /> Sa seanscéal ''[[Cath Maige Mucrama]]'', instear gur rugadh [[Cormac mac Airt]] ag bun Chéis Chorainn. Deirtear gur tógadh é sna pluaiseanna ag mac tíre, amhail is [[Romulus agus Remus]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> Feictear na pluaiseanna i dtrí scéal maidir le [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]. * [[An Fhiannaíocht#Associated works|Duanaire Finn]]: téann Fionn ar théad go dtí [[ceárta]] alltarach laistigh desna pluaiseanna. * ''Bruidhean Chéise Corainn'': gabhtear agus ceanglaítear Fionn sna pluaiseanna ag na [[Tuatha Dé Danann]]. * ''[[Tóraíocht Dhiarmada agus Gráinne]]'': maireann [[Diarmuid Ua Duibne|Diarmuid]] agus [[Gráinne (miotaseolaíocht)|Gráinne]] i nGráinne Mór gar desna pluaiseanna.<ref name=carrowkeel /> '' A more modern tale regarding the caves of Céis Chorainn can be found in a 1779 diary of [[Gabriel Beranger]]; : ''"This cavern is said to communicate with that in [[Contae Ros Comáin]] ... called [[Ráth Cruachan#Uaimh na gCat|Uaimh na gCat]], of which is told (and believed in both counties) that a woman in the county of Roscommon having an unruly calf could never get him home unless driving him by holding him by the tail; that one day he tried to escape and dragged the woman, against her will into the Hellmouth door ... and continued running until next morning. She came out at Kishcorren [sic], to her own amazement and that of the neighbouring people. We believed it rather than try it."''<ref name=Wilde1880 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín| url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/112051 | teideal = Uaimheanna na Céise | website = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 11 Iúil 2023}}</ref> <ref name=MacNeill1962>MacNeill, Máire (1962), ''The Festival of Lughnasa''</ref> <ref name=Timoney2013>{{cite book | title=Dedicated to Sligo: 34 Essays on Sligo's Past | editor-last=Timoney | editor-first=Martin | pages=75–80 | year=2013 | publisher=Publishing Sligo's Past | isbn=978-0-9575547-0-2}}</ref> <ref name=Aretz2010>Aretz, Markus (2010), ''Rugose coral biostromes in the late Viséan (Mississippian) of NW Ireland''</ref> <ref name=Scharff1903>Scharff, Robert Francis (1903), ''The Exploration of the Caves of Kesh, County Sligo]'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30079180 30079180]</ref> <ref name=Gwynn1940>Gwynn, Arthur Montague (1940), ''Report on a Further Exploration (1929) of the Caves of Keshcorran, Co. Sligo'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20518797 20518797]</ref> <ref name=Meehan2004>{{cite book | last=Meehan | first=Cary | date=2004 | title=Sacred Ireland | location=Somerset | publisher=Gothic Image Publications | page=680 | isbn=0 906362 43 1}}</ref> <ref name=carrowkeel>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.carrowkeel.com/sites/carrowkeel/keshmyth.html | teideal = The Mythology of Kesh Corann | foilsitheoir = Sacred Island Guided Tours | dátarochtana = 6 Deireadh Fómhair 2017}}</ref> <ref name=Wilde1880>Wilde, William (1880), ''[https://archive.org/stream/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog#page/n58/mode/2up The Memoirs of Gabriel Beranger]'', p. 48. [https://archive.org/details/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog PDF here]</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Céis, Uaimheanna na}} [[Catagóir:Sléibhte agus sliabhraonta na hÉireann]] == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ h9hfypaiojbq7x8e4eeh7przcndto9u 1327867 1327866 2026-09-12T15:28:17Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1327867 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Tuamaí pasáiste i nÉirinn]], [[Tuamaí na Ceathrún Caoile]], [[Ráth Cuaráin]], [[An Bricshliabh]] # ''[[:en:Caves of Kesh|Caves of Kesh]]'' - [[Uaimheanna na Céise]] #* [[Carn Ochtriallaigh]] == Uaimheanna na Céise == [[Íomhá:Keshcorran Caves 10816.jpg | mion | 250px | Uaimheanna na Céise]] Is sraith uaimheanna [[réigiún carst|aolchloiche]] gar den Chéis i g[[Contae Shligigh]] iad '''Uaimheanna na Céise'''.<ref name=logainm /> Suite ar an taobh thiar de Chnoc Chéis Chorainn (chuid [[an Bricshliabh]]) is ea na huaimheanna, le sé phluais déag, cuid dóibh le naisc eatarthu. Tá fianaise ann go raibh daoine daonna sna huaimheanna léir na mílte bliana anuas, agus gur tharla anseo deasghnátha ársa amhail is [[Lughnasadh]].<ref name=MacNeill1962 /> I rith tochailtí déanta le linn na 20ú haoise, go háirithe ag [[Robert Francis Scharff]], aimsíodh conablaigh shuntasacha, ina n-áirítear cnámha [[béar donn]], [[leimín Artach]], [[fia mór na mbeann]] agus [[mac tíre]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> == Geolaíocht Tá na sé phluais déag suite ag bun aille ísle ar an taobh thiar den chnoc.<ref name=Aretz2010 /> Cruthaíodh iad le síonchaitheamh [[aolchloch charbónmhar|aolchloiche carbónmhaire]], agus iad ag rith ingearach leis an éadan carraige. Tá an-chuid [[grianchloch]] ann, agus tá cisil oighreacha bolláin ag béal na bpluaiseanna i ndiaidh cúlú na n-[[oighearchlúid]]eacha.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> '' The caves bear evidence of being washed out by water, and a layer of [[breisia]] containing limestone blocks can be found in many of them. Stalagmite floors are rare, and when present appear to have been burrowed into by foxes and badgers.<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> [[Íomhá:The Caves of Keash.JPG| mion | 270px | ''The sixteen entrances to the Uaimheanna na Céise]] [[Íomhá:1903 Kesh Caves.jpg| mion | ''[[Robert Lloyd Praeger|Praeger's]] 1903 plan of the caves]] <!-- ==History of exploration The first thorough exploration of the caves at Keshcorran occurred during five weeks in 1901, and was initiated after a portion of a bear's skull had been discovered some years earlier.<ref name=ITS>{{Cite web |url=http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |title=Bricklieve Mountains |publisher=Institute of Technology Sligo |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119072329/http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These excavations, headed by [[Robert Francis Scharff]], R. J. Ussher, and [[Robert Lloyd Praeger]], recovered bones of [[Red deer|deer]], ox, goat, pig, [[Brown bear|bear]], horse, sheep, donkey, [[Mountain hare|hare]], mouse, [[Brown rat|rat]], badger, fox, dog, [[Gray wolf|wolf]], and [[stoat]]. For the first time in Ireland, evidence of the [[Arctic lemming]] was also discovered, drawing headlines around the country.<ref name=ITS /> Another important recovery was that of a metacarpus of reindeer, discovered above an area of burnt charcoal. This suggests that reindeer in Ireland survived until the human period.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Also recovered from the excavations were the four oldest species of [[Mollusca|molluscs]] found in Ireland at the time, the remains of several fish, and numerous species of bird, most notably the [[Rock ptarmigan|ptarmigan]], [[smew]], and [[little auk]]. Another recovery of note was that of several fossilised frog bones found in the lowest stratum, which disproved a common belief that the species had only been introduced in 1699.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Finally, the excavations found evidence of occasional human habitation going as far back as the [[Neolithic]], with more regular occupation being identified from the 10th century onward. Five human teeth and the [[humerus]] of a male were found in the caves, and man-made artefacts that were recovered include two bone needles, a bone comb, a stone [[Celt (tool)|celt]], an iron saw, two bronze pins, and a stone axe of [[adze]] type. Shells of [[Blue mussel|mussel]] and oyster were also found, further supporting human settlement.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Further explorations took place in 1929 and 1930, and these led to the recovery of more bones of lemming, reindeer, mouse, pig, hare, horse, frog, rabbit, sheep, fox, stoat, bear, dog, ox, badger and rat. The excavations also discovered remains of [[Irish elk|elk]], cat, shrew, and duck.<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> In more recent times, some of the mammal bones recovered from these excavations have been re-analysed with [[radiocarbon dating]], confirming a late-glacial estimate for the bones found in the lower layers. Those of the bear, deer, hare, and wolf were dated to around 10,000 BC, while those of the stoat and horse were dated to around 6000 BC and 400 BC respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.showcaves.com/english/ie/caves/Keshcorran.html |title=Caves of Keshcorran| publisher=Show Caves of the World |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref><ref name=ITS /> The most recent discovery from the caves occurred in 1971, when a left [[tibia]] of an adult was recovered in a pool of water.<ref name=Timoney /> It has subsequently been dated to the turn of the 11th century, coinciding with an entry in the [[Annals of the Four Masters]] for 1007 AD; : ''"Muireadhach, a distinguished bishop, son of the brother of Ainmire Bocht, was suffocated in a cave, in Gaileanga of Corann."''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100005B/text011.html |title=Annal M1007.2| publisher=University College Cork |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref> --> == Béaloideas Feictear uaimheanna na Céise go suntasach [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], agus mhair na scéalta seo beo sa {{h|béaloideas}} go dtí an 20ú haois. Bhíodh nasc idir na pluaiseanna agus an [[alltar]].<ref name=Meehan2004 /> Sa seanscéal ''[[Cath Maige Mucrama]]'', instear gur rugadh [[Cormac mac Airt]] ag bun Chéis Chorainn. Deirtear gur tógadh é sna pluaiseanna ag mac tíre, amhail is [[Romulus agus Remus]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> Feictear na pluaiseanna i dtrí scéal maidir le [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]. * [[An Fhiannaíocht#Associated works|Duanaire Finn]]: téann Fionn ar théad go dtí [[ceárta]] alltarach laistigh desna pluaiseanna. * ''Bruidhean Chéise Corainn'': gabhtear agus ceanglaítear Fionn sna pluaiseanna ag na [[Tuatha Dé Danann]]. * ''[[Tóraíocht Dhiarmada agus Gráinne]]'': maireann [[Diarmuid Ua Duibne|Diarmuid]] agus [[Gráinne (miotaseolaíocht)|Gráinne]] i nGráinne Mór gar desna pluaiseanna.<ref name=carrowkeel /> Instear scéal nua-aimsearthachta i ndialann le [[Gabriel Beranger]] don bhliain 1779. Dar leis an scéal, tá nasc idir Céis Chorainn agus [[Ráth Cruachan#Uaimh na gCat|Uaimh na gCat]], ag Ráth Cruachan, agus go ndeachaigh bean éigin tríothu ar tóir a lao fhiáin. ''We believed it rather than try it.''<ref name=Wilde1880 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín| url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/112051 | teideal = Uaimheanna na Céise | website = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 11 Iúil 2023}}</ref> <ref name=MacNeill1962>MacNeill, Máire (1962), ''The Festival of Lughnasa''</ref> <ref name=Timoney2013>{{cite book | title=Dedicated to Sligo: 34 Essays on Sligo's Past | editor-last=Timoney | editor-first=Martin | pages=75–80 | year=2013 | publisher=Publishing Sligo's Past | isbn=978-0-9575547-0-2}}</ref> <ref name=Aretz2010>Aretz, Markus (2010), ''Rugose coral biostromes in the late Viséan (Mississippian) of NW Ireland''</ref> <ref name=Scharff1903>Scharff, Robert Francis (1903), ''The Exploration of the Caves of Kesh, County Sligo]'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30079180 30079180]</ref> <ref name=Gwynn1940>Gwynn, Arthur Montague (1940), ''Report on a Further Exploration (1929) of the Caves of Keshcorran, Co. Sligo'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20518797 20518797]</ref> <ref name=Meehan2004>{{cite book | last=Meehan | first=Cary | date=2004 | title=Sacred Ireland | location=Somerset | publisher=Gothic Image Publications | page=680 | isbn=0 906362 43 1}}</ref> <ref name=carrowkeel>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.carrowkeel.com/sites/carrowkeel/keshmyth.html | teideal = The Mythology of Kesh Corann | foilsitheoir = Sacred Island Guided Tours | dátarochtana = 6 Deireadh Fómhair 2017}}</ref> <ref name=Wilde1880>Wilde, William (1880), ''[https://archive.org/stream/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog#page/n58/mode/2up The Memoirs of Gabriel Beranger]'', p. 48. [https://archive.org/details/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog PDF here]</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Céis, Uaimheanna na}} [[Catagóir:Sléibhte agus sliabhraonta na hÉireann]] == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ cz41md5yw6b98t22dvtc6jiyt9tyi4u 1327868 1327867 2026-09-12T15:39:00Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Uaimheanna na Céise */ 1327868 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Tuamaí pasáiste i nÉirinn]], [[Tuamaí na Ceathrún Caoile]], [[Ráth Cuaráin]], [[An Bricshliabh]] # ''[[:en:Caves of Kesh|Caves of Kesh]]'' - [[Uaimheanna na Céise]] #* [[Carn Ochtriallaigh]] == Uaimheanna na Céise == [[Íomhá:Keshcorran Caves 10816.jpg | mion | 250px | Uaimheanna na Céise]] Is sraith uaimheanna [[réigiún carst|aolchloiche]] gar den Chéis i g[[Contae Shligigh]] iad '''Uaimheanna na Céise'''.<ref name=logainm /> Suite ar an taobh thiar de Chnoc Chéis Chorainn (chuid [[an Bricshliabh]]) is ea na huaimheanna, le sé phluais déag, cuid dóibh le naisc eatarthu. Tá fianaise ann go raibh daoine daonna sna huaimheanna léir na mílte bliana anuas, agus gur tharla anseo deasghnátha ársa amhail is [[Lughnasadh]].<ref name=MacNeill1962 /> I rith tochailtí déanta le linn na 20ú haoise, go háirithe ag [[Robert Francis Scharff]], aimsíodh conablaigh shuntasacha, ina n-áirítear cnámha [[béar donn]], [[leimín Artach]], [[fia mór na mbeann]] agus [[mac tíre]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> == Geolaíocht Tá na sé phluais déag suite ag bun aille ísle ar an taobh thiar den chnoc.<ref name=Aretz2010 /> Cruthaíodh iad le síonchaitheamh [[aolchloch charbónmhar|aolchloiche carbónmhaire]], agus iad ag rith ingearach leis an éadan carraige. Tá an-chuid [[grianchloch]] ann, agus tá cisil oighreacha bolláin ag béal na bpluaiseanna i ndiaidh chúlú na [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|n-oighearchlúideacha]].<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Tá [[breisia]] i roinnt pluaiseanna, ach is fánach iad [[aolchoinneal|aolchoinnle]].<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> [[Íomhá:The Caves of Keash.JPG| mion | 270px | Uaimheanna na Céise agus na sé shlí isteach déag]] [[Íomhá:1903 Kesh Caves.jpg| mion | Léiriú 1903 na bpluaiseanna le [[Robert Lloyd Praeger]]]] == Stair uaimheadóireachta * 1901 * 1929/30 * 1971 <!-- le haistriú: The first thorough exploration of the caves at Keshcorran occurred during five weeks in 1901, and was initiated after a portion of a bear's skull had been discovered some years earlier.<ref name=ITS>{{Cite web |url=http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |title=Bricklieve Mountains |publisher=Institute of Technology Sligo |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119072329/http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These excavations, headed by [[Robert Francis Scharff]], R. J. Ussher, and [[Robert Lloyd Praeger]], recovered bones of [[Red deer|deer]], ox, goat, pig, [[Brown bear|bear]], horse, sheep, donkey, [[Mountain hare|hare]], mouse, [[Brown rat|rat]], badger, fox, dog, [[Gray wolf|wolf]], and [[stoat]]. For the first time in Ireland, evidence of the [[Arctic lemming]] was also discovered, drawing headlines around the country.<ref name=ITS /> Another important recovery was that of a metacarpus of reindeer, discovered above an area of burnt charcoal. This suggests that reindeer in Ireland survived until the human period.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Also recovered from the excavations were the four oldest species of [[Mollusca|molluscs]] found in Ireland at the time, the remains of several fish, and numerous species of bird, most notably the [[Rock ptarmigan|ptarmigan]], [[smew]], and [[little auk]]. Another recovery of note was that of several fossilised frog bones found in the lowest stratum, which disproved a common belief that the species had only been introduced in 1699.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Finally, the excavations found evidence of occasional human habitation going as far back as the [[Neolithic]], with more regular occupation being identified from the 10th century onward. Five human teeth and the [[humerus]] of a male were found in the caves, and man-made artefacts that were recovered include two bone needles, a bone comb, a stone [[Celt (tool)|celt]], an iron saw, two bronze pins, and a stone axe of [[adze]] type. Shells of [[Blue mussel|mussel]] and oyster were also found, further supporting human settlement.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Further explorations took place in 1929 and 1930, and these led to the recovery of more bones of lemming, reindeer, mouse, pig, hare, horse, frog, rabbit, sheep, fox, stoat, bear, dog, ox, badger and rat. The excavations also discovered remains of [[Irish elk|elk]], cat, shrew, and duck.<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> In more recent times, some of the mammal bones recovered from these excavations have been re-analysed with [[radiocarbon dating]], confirming a late-glacial estimate for the bones found in the lower layers. Those of the bear, deer, hare, and wolf were dated to around 10,000 BC, while those of the stoat and horse were dated to around 6000 BC and 400 BC respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.showcaves.com/english/ie/caves/Keshcorran.html |title=Caves of Keshcorran| publisher=Show Caves of the World |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref><ref name=ITS /> The most recent discovery from the caves occurred in 1971, when a left [[tibia]] of an adult was recovered in a pool of water.<ref name=Timoney /> It has subsequently been dated to the turn of the 11th century, coinciding with an entry in the [[Annals of the Four Masters]] for 1007 AD; : ''"Muireadhach, a distinguished bishop, son of the brother of Ainmire Bocht, was suffocated in a cave, in Gaileanga of Corann."''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100005B/text011.html |title=Annal M1007.2| publisher=University College Cork |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref> --> == Béaloideas Feictear uaimheanna na Céise go suntasach [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], agus mhair na scéalta seo beo sa {{h|béaloideas}} go dtí an 20ú haois. Bhíodh nasc idir na pluaiseanna agus an [[alltar]].<ref name=Meehan2004 /> Sa seanscéal ''[[Cath Maige Mucrama]]'', instear gur rugadh [[Cormac mac Airt]] ag bun Chéis Chorainn. Deirtear gur tógadh é sna pluaiseanna ag mac tíre, amhail is [[Romulus agus Remus]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> Feictear na pluaiseanna i dtrí scéal maidir le [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]. * [[An Fhiannaíocht#Associated works|Duanaire Finn]]: téann Fionn ar théad go dtí [[ceárta]] alltarach laistigh desna pluaiseanna. * ''Bruidhean Chéise Corainn'': gabhtear agus ceanglaítear Fionn sna pluaiseanna ag na [[Tuatha Dé Danann]]. * ''[[Tóraíocht Dhiarmada agus Gráinne]]'': maireann [[Diarmuid Ua Duibne|Diarmuid]] agus [[Gráinne (miotaseolaíocht)|Gráinne]] i nGráinne Mór gar desna pluaiseanna.<ref name=carrowkeel /> Instear scéal nua-aimsearthachta i ndialann le [[Gabriel Beranger]] don bhliain 1779. Dar leis an scéal, tá nasc idir Céis Chorainn agus [[Ráth Cruachan#Uaimh na gCat|Uaimh na gCat]], ag Ráth Cruachan, agus go ndeachaigh bean éigin tríothu ar tóir a lao fhiáin. ''We believed it rather than try it.''<ref name=Wilde1880 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín| url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/112051 | teideal = Uaimheanna na Céise | website = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 11 Iúil 2023}}</ref> <ref name=MacNeill1962>MacNeill, Máire (1962), ''The Festival of Lughnasa''</ref> <ref name=Timoney2013>{{cite book | title=Dedicated to Sligo: 34 Essays on Sligo's Past | editor-last=Timoney | editor-first=Martin | pages=75–80 | year=2013 | publisher=Publishing Sligo's Past | isbn=978-0-9575547-0-2}}</ref> <ref name=Aretz2010>Aretz, Markus (2010), ''Rugose coral biostromes in the late Viséan (Mississippian) of NW Ireland''</ref> <ref name=Scharff1903>Scharff, Robert Francis (1903), ''The Exploration of the Caves of Kesh, County Sligo]'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30079180 30079180]</ref> <ref name=Gwynn1940>Gwynn, Arthur Montague (1940), ''Report on a Further Exploration (1929) of the Caves of Keshcorran, Co. Sligo'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20518797 20518797]</ref> <ref name=Meehan2004>{{cite book | last=Meehan | first=Cary | date=2004 | title=Sacred Ireland | location=Somerset | publisher=Gothic Image Publications | page=680 | isbn=0 906362 43 1}}</ref> <ref name=carrowkeel>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.carrowkeel.com/sites/carrowkeel/keshmyth.html | teideal = The Mythology of Kesh Corann | foilsitheoir = Sacred Island Guided Tours | dátarochtana = 6 Deireadh Fómhair 2017}}</ref> <ref name=Wilde1880>Wilde, William (1880), ''[https://archive.org/stream/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog#page/n58/mode/2up The Memoirs of Gabriel Beranger]'', p. 48. [https://archive.org/details/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog PDF here]</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Céis, Uaimheanna na}} [[Catagóir:Sléibhte agus sliabhraonta na hÉireann]] == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 10dl1pi9vv5uop4ffxdlevmahibrvos 1327869 1327868 2026-09-12T15:39:19Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Uaimheanna na Céise */ 1327869 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Tuamaí pasáiste i nÉirinn]], [[Tuamaí na Ceathrún Caoile]], [[Ráth Cuaráin]], [[An Bricshliabh]] # ''[[:en:Caves of Kesh|Caves of Kesh]]'' - [[Uaimheanna na Céise]] #* [[Carn Ochtriallaigh]] == Uaimheanna na Céise == [[Íomhá:Keshcorran Caves 10816.jpg | mion | 250px | Uaimheanna na Céise]] Is sraith uaimheanna [[réigiún carst|aolchloiche]] gar den Chéis i g[[Contae Shligigh]] iad '''Uaimheanna na Céise'''.<ref name=logainm /> Suite ar an taobh thiar de Chnoc Chéis Chorainn (chuid [[an Bricshliabh]]) is ea na huaimheanna, le sé phluais déag, cuid dóibh le naisc eatarthu. Tá fianaise ann go raibh daoine daonna sna huaimheanna léir na mílte bliana anuas, agus gur tharla anseo deasghnátha ársa amhail is [[Lughnasadh]].<ref name=MacNeill1962 /> I rith tochailtí déanta le linn na 20ú haoise, go háirithe ag [[Robert Francis Scharff]], aimsíodh conablaigh shuntasacha, ina n-áirítear cnámha [[béar donn]], [[leimín Artach]], [[fia mór na mbeann]] agus [[mac tíre]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> == Geolaíocht Tá na sé phluais déag suite ag bun aille ísle ar an taobh thiar den chnoc.<ref name=Aretz2010 /> Cruthaíodh iad le síonchaitheamh [[aolchloch charbónmhar|aolchloiche carbónmhaire]], agus iad ag rith ingearach leis an éadan carraige. Tá an-chuid [[grianchloch]] ann, agus tá cisil oighreacha bolláin ag béal na bpluaiseanna i ndiaidh chúlú na [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|n-oighearchlúideacha]].<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Tá [[breisia]] i roinnt pluaiseanna, ach is fánach iad [[aolchoinneal|aolchoinnle]].<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> [[Íomhá:The Caves of Keash.JPG| mion | 270px | Uaimheanna na Céise agus na sé shlí isteach déag]] [[Íomhá:1903 Kesh Caves.jpg| mion | Léiriú 1903 na bpluaiseanna le [[Robert Lloyd Praeger]]]] == Stair uaimheadóireachta * 1901 * 1929/30 * 1971 <!-- le haistriú: The first thorough exploration of the caves at Keshcorran occurred during five weeks in 1901, and was initiated after a portion of a bear's skull had been discovered some years earlier.<ref name=ITS>{{Cite web |url=http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |title=Bricklieve Mountains |publisher=Institute of Technology Sligo |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119072329/http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These excavations, headed by [[Robert Francis Scharff]], R. J. Ussher, and [[Robert Lloyd Praeger]], recovered bones of [[Red deer|deer]], ox, goat, pig, [[Brown bear|bear]], horse, sheep, donkey, [[Mountain hare|hare]], mouse, [[Brown rat|rat]], badger, fox, dog, [[Gray wolf|wolf]], and [[stoat]]. For the first time in Ireland, evidence of the [[Arctic lemming]] was also discovered, drawing headlines around the country.<ref name=ITS /> Another important recovery was that of a metacarpus of reindeer, discovered above an area of burnt charcoal. This suggests that reindeer in Ireland survived until the human period.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Also recovered from the excavations were the four oldest species of [[Mollusca|molluscs]] found in Ireland at the time, the remains of several fish, and numerous species of bird, most notably the [[Rock ptarmigan|ptarmigan]], [[smew]], and [[little auk]]. Another recovery of note was that of several fossilised frog bones found in the lowest stratum, which disproved a common belief that the species had only been introduced in 1699.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Finally, the excavations found evidence of occasional human habitation going as far back as the [[Neolithic]], with more regular occupation being identified from the 10th century onward. Five human teeth and the [[humerus]] of a male were found in the caves, and man-made artefacts that were recovered include two bone needles, a bone comb, a stone [[Celt (tool)|celt]], an iron saw, two bronze pins, and a stone axe of [[adze]] type. Shells of [[Blue mussel|mussel]] and oyster were also found, further supporting human settlement.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Further explorations took place in 1929 and 1930, and these led to the recovery of more bones of lemming, reindeer, mouse, pig, hare, horse, frog, rabbit, sheep, fox, stoat, bear, dog, ox, badger and rat. The excavations also discovered remains of [[Irish elk|elk]], cat, shrew, and duck.<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> In more recent times, some of the mammal bones recovered from these excavations have been re-analysed with [[radiocarbon dating]], confirming a late-glacial estimate for the bones found in the lower layers. Those of the bear, deer, hare, and wolf were dated to around 10,000 BC, while those of the stoat and horse were dated to around 6000 BC and 400 BC respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.showcaves.com/english/ie/caves/Keshcorran.html |title=Caves of Keshcorran| publisher=Show Caves of the World |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref><ref name=ITS /> The most recent discovery from the caves occurred in 1971, when a left [[tibia]] of an adult was recovered in a pool of water.<ref name=Timoney /> It has subsequently been dated to the turn of the 11th century, coinciding with an entry in the [[Annals of the Four Masters]] for 1007 AD; : ''"Muireadhach, a distinguished bishop, son of the brother of Ainmire Bocht, was suffocated in a cave, in Gaileanga of Corann."''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100005B/text011.html |title=Annal M1007.2| publisher=University College Cork |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref> --> == Béaloideas Feictear uaimheanna na Céise go suntasach [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], agus mhair na scéalta seo beo sa {{h|béaloideas}} go dtí an 20ú haois. Bhíodh nasc idir na pluaiseanna agus an [[alltar]].<ref name=Meehan2004 /> Sa seanscéal ''[[Cath Maige Mucrama]]'', instear gur rugadh [[Cormac mac Airt]] ag bun Chéis Chorainn. Deirtear gur tógadh é sna pluaiseanna ag mac tíre, amhail is [[Romulus agus Remus]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> Feictear na pluaiseanna i dtrí scéal maidir le [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]. * [[An Fhiannaíocht#Associated works|Duanaire Finn]]: téann Fionn ar théad go dtí [[ceárta]] alltarach laistigh desna pluaiseanna. * ''Bruidhean Chéise Corainn'': gabhtear agus ceanglaítear Fionn sna pluaiseanna ag na [[Tuatha Dé Danann]]. * ''[[Tóraíocht Dhiarmada agus Gráinne]]'': maireann [[Diarmuid Ua Duibne|Diarmuid]] agus [[Gráinne (miotaseolaíocht)|Gráinne]] i nGráinne Mór gar desna pluaiseanna.<ref name=carrowkeel /> Instear scéal nua-aimsearthachta i ndialann le [[Gabriel Beranger]] don bhliain 1779. Dar leis an scéal, tá nasc idir Céis Chorainn agus [[Ráth Cruachan#Uaimh na gCat|Uaimh na gCat]], ag Ráth Cruachan, agus go ndeachaigh bean éigin tríothu ar tóir a lao fhiáin. ''We believed it rather than try it.''<ref name=Wilde1880 /> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín| url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/112051 | teideal = Uaimheanna na Céise | website = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 11 Iúil 2023}}</ref> <ref name=MacNeill1962>MacNeill, Máire (1962), ''The Festival of Lughnasa''</ref> <ref name=Timoney2013>{{cite book | title=Dedicated to Sligo: 34 Essays on Sligo's Past | editor-last=Timoney | editor-first=Martin | pages=75–80 | year=2013 | publisher=Publishing Sligo's Past | isbn=978-0-9575547-0-2}}</ref> <ref name=Aretz2010>Aretz, Markus (2010), ''Rugose coral biostromes in the late Viséan (Mississippian) of NW Ireland''</ref> <ref name=Scharff1903>Scharff, Robert Francis (1903), ''The Exploration of the Caves of Kesh, County Sligo]'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30079180 30079180]</ref> <ref name=Gwynn1940>Gwynn, Arthur Montague (1940), ''Report on a Further Exploration (1929) of the Caves of Keshcorran, Co. Sligo'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20518797 20518797]</ref> <ref name=Meehan2004>{{cite book | last=Meehan | first=Cary | date=2004 | title=Sacred Ireland | location=Somerset | publisher=Gothic Image Publications | page=680 | isbn=0 906362 43 1}}</ref> <ref name=carrowkeel>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.carrowkeel.com/sites/carrowkeel/keshmyth.html | teideal = The Mythology of Kesh Corann | foilsitheoir = Sacred Island Guided Tours | dátarochtana = 6 Deireadh Fómhair 2017}}</ref> <ref name=Wilde1880>Wilde, William (1880), ''[https://archive.org/stream/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog#page/n58/mode/2up The Memoirs of Gabriel Beranger]'', p. 48. [https://archive.org/details/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog PDF here]</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Céis, Uaimheanna na}} [[Catagóir:Sléibhte agus sliabhraonta na hÉireann]] == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ 8cx3yd4cc7xyo9ag6ypkp6p87nb64tj 1327870 1327869 2026-09-12T15:39:43Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Replaced content with "[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Tuamaí pasáiste i nÉirinn]], [[Tuamaí na Ceathrún Caoile]], [[Ráth Cuaráin]], [[An Bricshliabh]] # ''[[:en:Caves of Kesh|Caves of Kesh]]'' - [[Uaimheanna na Céise]] #* [[Carn Ochtriallaigh]] == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__" 1327870 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Tuamaí pasáiste i nÉirinn]], [[Tuamaí na Ceathrún Caoile]], [[Ráth Cuaráin]], [[An Bricshliabh]] # ''[[:en:Caves of Kesh|Caves of Kesh]]'' - [[Uaimheanna na Céise]] #* [[Carn Ochtriallaigh]] == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ kovo4o92czfmxzpodgir4h7k3k3rmsi 1327872 1327870 2026-09-12T15:42:50Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* */ 1327872 wikitext text/x-wiki [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Tuamaí pasáiste i nÉirinn]], [[Tuamaí na Ceathrún Caoile]], [[Ráth Cuaráin]], [[An Bricshliabh]], [[Uaimheanna na Céise]], [[Carn Ochtriallaigh]] == Buntásc == __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ gz13zfnrd3rvkd1pxsl12rh82rfrod8 0 120715 1327917 1309000 2026-09-13T11:11:14Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} [[Íomhá:Newborderregionboundary.png | thumb | '' Réigiún na Teorann i b[[Poblacht na hÉireann]] le haird dírithe ar gach aonad rialtais áitiúil.]] Is ceantar straitéiseach pleanála i b[[Poblacht na hÉireann]] é ''' Réigiún an Teorann ''' laistigh de [[Réigiún an Tuaiscirt agus an Iarthair]]. Faoin aicmiú [[Aicmiú Comhchoiteann na nAonad Críche maidir le Staidreamh|NUTS]] le [[Eurostat]], is réigiún [[Réigiúin NUTS na hÉireann|leibhéal III]] é, le cód IE041.<ref name=csonutsrev /> Tá an réigiún ainmnithe as an [[Teorainn talún na hÉireann leis an Ríocht Aontaithe|teorainn]] idir an Phoblacht agus [[Tuaisceart Éireann]] sa [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríocht Aontaithe]]. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá ann sa Réigiún na [[contaetha na hÉireann|contaetha]] a leanas: [[Contae Dhún na nGall|Dhún na nGall]], [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroma]], [[Contae Shligigh|Shligigh]], [[Contae an Chabháin|an Chabháin]] agus [[Contae Mhuineacháin|Mhuineacháin]]. Tá 11,516&nbsp;km² sa réigiún, 16.4% den iomlán sa stát.<ref name=cso2022 /> == Stair == Ón mbliain 1994 go dtí 2014, bhí an ceantar i dtuaisceart na tíre faoi riail Údarás Réigiúnach na Teorann. Bhíodh ann 38 teachta ainmnithe as na sé Údarás mar a leanas:<ref name=cso2022 /><ref name=ir394 /><ref name=iroborder /> * [[Comhairle Contae Dhún na nGall]], [[Ulaidh]] * [[Comhairle Contae Liatroma]], [[Cúige Chonnacht|Connachta]] * [[Comhairle Contae Shligigh]], Connachta * [[Comhairle Contae an Chabháin]], Ulaidh * [[Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin]], Ulaidh * [[Comhairle Contae Lú]], [[Laighin]] [[Íomhá:Ireland location map Border region.svg | thumb | 170px | Réigiún na Teorann, 2003-2018]] Bhíodh ann san áireamh fosta an t-ionadaí ar {{h|Coiste Eorpach na Réigiún}}.<ref name=ir394 /> Bhuaileadh iad siúd uair sa mhí. == Tionól Réigiúnach == Sa bhliain 2014, cuireadh deireadh leis na hÚdaráis Réigiúnacha agus bunaíodh ina n-ionad na [[Tionóil Réigiúnacha na hÉireann|Tionóil Réigiúnacha]].<ref name=ir228 /> Tharla athrú suntasach ag an am. D'ainneoin go bhfuil chomh-theorainn idir Contae Lú agus an Tuaisceart, tógadh an chontae as [[Réigiún na Teorann]], de bharr a shuíomh ar {{h|Conair Átha Cliath–Béal Feirste}} agus a cheangail eacnamaíocha le [[Mórcheantar Bhaile Átha Cliath]]. <ref name=CELEX:32016R2066 /> Mar thoradh, chaill an réigiún:<ref name=wdcnutsrev /><ref name=csonutsrev23 /> * 24.6% dá dhaonra * a dhá bhaile is mó, [[Dún Dealgan]] agus [[Droichead Átha]] * a nasc le [[Muir Éireann]] * a láithreacht i g[[Cúige Laighean]]. Sa deireadh mar thoradh an athrú úd, mhéadaigh líon na gcontaetha sa Lár-Oirthear óna 6 go dtí a 5. Is iad seo a leanas údaráis iar-2014 na Teorann: * [[Comhairle Contae Dhún na nGall|Dún na nGall]] * [[Comhairle Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]] * [[Comhairle Contae Shligigh|Sligeach]] * [[Comhairle Contae an Chabháin|an Cabhán]] * [[Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin|Muineachán]] Is as na comhairlí siúd a fágadh sa réigiún a thagann Coiste Straitéiseach Pleanála na Teorannn laistigh de [[Réigiún an Tuaiscirt agus an Iarthair]]<ref name=ir573 /> Ní dhearnadh na hathruithe sna haonaid NUTS 3 go dtí mí an Mheithimh 2018, i ndiaidh cur i ngníomh an Rialacháin ón gCoimisiún (EU) 2016/2066.<ref name=CELEX:32016R2066 /><ref name=csonutsrev /> == Déimeagrafaíocht == Tá daonra Réigiún na Teorann ag fás, cé go mall agus go míchothrom.<ref name=iroborder /> Tá an Cabhán, gar do Bhaile Átha Cliath, ag méadú go tapaidh, ach tá Dún na nGall ar an imeall iarthuaiscirt fós ag laghdú. Dar leis an [[daonáireamh na hÉireann 2016|daonáireamh 2016]], bhí daonra 392,837 duine sa réigiún, 'sé sin 8.3% den iomlán sa stát. Bhí dlús daonra 34.1 duine an km² ann, an mhéid is lú sa tír.<ref name=iroborder /> Faoin [[daonáireamh Phoblacht na hÉireann 2022|daonáireamh 2022]], bhí daonra 419,473 duine ann,<ref name=cso2022 /> 8.1% den iomlán.<ref name=iroborder /><ref name=BorderAuthority /> {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Contaetha |- ! # ! Contae ! Achar (km²) ! Daonra ! % ! Athrú 2011-2016 |- | 1 | align=left | [[Contae Dhún na nGall|Dún na nGall]] | align=right | 4,861 | align=right | 158,755 | align=right | 40.4% | align=right | {{decrease|}} '''-1.2%''' |- | 2 | align=left | [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]] | align=right | 1,590 | align=right | 31,972 | align=right | 8.1% | align=right | {{increase|}} '''0.5%''' |- | 3 | align=left | [[Contae Shligigh|Sligeach]] | align=right | 1,838 | align=right | 65,535 | align=right | 16.7% | align=right | {{decrease|}} '''-0.1%''' |- | 4 | align=left | [[Contae an Chabháin|an Cabhán]] | align=right | 1,932 | align=right | 76,092 | align=right | 19.4% | align=right | {{increase|}} '''4.0%''' |- | 5 | align=left | [[Contae Mhuineacháin|Muineachán]] | align=right | 1,295 | align=right | 60,483 | align=right | 15.4% | align=right | {{increase|}} '''1.3%''' |} == Gaeltacht == [[Íomhá:Hotel, beach, and shipwreck south of R257 at Bunbeg - geograph.org.uk - 1159653.jpg | mion | [[Gaoth Dobhair]], Contae Dhún na nGall, ceantar Gaeltachta a bhfuil clú agus cáil air as ucht a [[Cultúr na hÉireann|oidhreachta Ghaelaí]].]] Tá ann i Réigiún na Teorann roinnt [[Gaeltacht]]aí suntasacha, amhail is [[Gaoth Dobhair]], [[Na Rosa]] agus [[Toraigh]]. Is í [[Canúint Ghaeilge Uladh]] an ceann dá chúige, ar a nglaoitear Gaeilge Dhún na nGall, sa chontae úd. Tá 25% de mhuintir na nGaeltachtaí ina gcónaí i nDún na nGall. D'ainneoin sin, tá an líon is lú de dhaoine, a mhaíonn go bhfuil cumas Gaeilge acu, le fáil sa Teorainn as gach uile réigiún: Liatroim (40%), Sligeach (39.9%), Muineachán (37.6%), Dún na nGall (37.1%) agus an Cabhán (34.6%).<ref name=csoilg /> == Geilleagar == [[Íomhá:Ballyconnell cement plant.JPG | thumb | right | Monarcha stroighine i m[[Béal Átha Conaill]], an Cabhán]] Bhí tionchar millteanach ag [[cor chun donais eacnamaíoch Iar-2008 na hÉireann]] ar Réigiún na Teorann. Sa bhliain 2007, bhí olltáirgeacht intíre (OTI) €30,697 an duine, ach faoi 2014 bhí sé tite go dtí €19,957 an duine. Faoi 2016, bhí feabhsú beag le feiceáil sna sonraí, OTI €11.399 bn agus OTI an duine €21,885, ach fós ann méid is lú sa tír. Tá Contae Lú fós san áireamh sna sonraí seo.<ref name=estatexplorer /> De réir sonraí [[Oll-bhreisluach]] (OBL) don bhliain 2016 ón [[Príomh-Oifig Staidrimh na hÉireann|bPOS]], is iad Seirbhísí 64.1% den gheilleagar réigiúnach, agus déantúsaíocht and foirgníocht le 32.8% agus talamhaíocht le 3% ina ndiaidh. Is tábhachtach í turasóireacht, cé bactha le drochbhonneagar.<ref name=nwraplanning /> Is go formhór tuaithe é an réigiún le feirmeacha beaga. Tá luach tuairim is €400 milliún an bhliain ar talamhaíocht, ach tá ann fóirdheontais rialtais le 70% dó sin.<ref name=csoagri2016 /> Tá ann i nDún na nGall tuairim is 65% de iascaireacht mhara na tíre. Téann thart ar 33% d'easpórtálacha an réigiúin go dtí an RA, i bhfad lastuas d'iomlán na tíre de 18%, ach tá bualadh [[Brexit]] air.<ref name=iibrexit /><ref name=timesbrexit /> I mí Feabhra 2017, bhí ráta dífhostaíochta de 6.6% sa réigiún. Meastar go raibh líon lucht oibre de 210,000 duine ann. == Iompar == === Aer === Tá aon aerfort tráchtála amháin i Réigiún na Teorann, [[Aerfort Dhún na nGall]] ag [[an Charraig Fhinn|an gCarraig Fhinn]] sna [[Na Rosa|Rosa]], agus 45,000 eitilt ag dul tríd gach bliain. I measc aerfort eile in aice láimhe laistigh den réigiún, tá [[Aerfort Chathair Dhoire]] agus [[Aerfort Iarthar Éireann Chnoc Mhuire|Aerfort Chnoc Mhuire]] i g[[Contae Mhaigh Eo]]. I dteannta sin, is aerfort beag é [[Aerfort Shligigh]] ag [[An Leathros]], ach gan eitiltí sceidealaithe. === Iarnród === Tá [[Líne iarnróid Áth Cliath-Shligigh|líne iarnróid]] idir Áth Cliath, Sligeach agus [[Cora Droma Rúisc]] i mbun seirbhíse ag [[Iarnród Éireann]]. Níl iarnród ar bith fágtha nó i nDún na nGall nó i Muineachán. I measc línte a dúnadh sna 1950í, bhí ''The [[Sligo, Leitrim and Northern Counties Railway]]'' agus ''The [[Donegal Railway Company]].'' === Bóthar === [[Íomhá:IrelandMotorways.svg | thumb | 150px | Is é Réigiúin na Teorann an t-aon cheantar amháin nach bhfuil mótarbhealaigh ann.]] Is é Réigiúin na Teorann an t-aon cheantar amháin sa tír nach bhfuil [[Bóithre agus mótarbhealaí in Éirinn|mótarbhealaigh]] ann.<ref name=tii /> Tá nascanna bóthar leis an gCabhán i bhfad níos fearr le oscailt an M3, cé nach dtéann sé ach go dtí as [[an Cheanainn]] sa Mhí sula n-athraíonn sé ar ais go dtí an débhealach [[N3]]. Téitear tríd an réigiún príomhbhóthair a leanas: {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="5" align=center style="background-color: #cfb;" | Príomhbhóthair Náisiúnta i Réigiún an Teorann |- ! style="background-color: #cfb;" | Ainm ! align=left style=background-color:#cfb; width=600 | Bealach ! align=right style="background-color:#cfb;" | Fad (km) |- | align=center | [[Íomhá:IRL N2.svg | 60px | link = N2 (Éire)]] [[Íomhá:M2-IE confirmatory.svg | 60px | link = N2 (Éire)]] | Áth Cliath – Muineachán – (A5 [[An Ómaigh]] – [[Doire]]) | align=right | 133.0 |- | align=center | [[Íomhá:IRL N3.svg | 60px | link = N3]] [[Íomhá:M3-IE confirmatory.svg | 60px | link = N3]] | Áth Cliath – [[an Cabhán]] – [[Béal Átha Seanaidh]] | align=right | 127.4 |- | align=center | [[Íomhá:IRL N4.svg | 60px | link = N4]] [[Íomhá:M4-IE confirmatory.svg | 60px | link = N4]] | Áth Cliath – Sligeach | align=right | 198.2 |- | align=center | [[Íomhá:IRL N12.svg | 60px | link = N12]] | Muineachán – Teorainn (Droichead ''Ardgonnell'') – (A3 go [[Béal Feirste]]) | align=right | 6.9 |- | align=center | [[Íomhá:IRL N13.svg | 60px | link = N13]] | (N15 ó Shligigh) – [[Srath an Urláir]] – [[Leitir Ceanainn]] – (A2 go [[Doire]]; A6, M22, M2 go Béal Feirste) | align=right | 43.8 |- | align=center | [[File:IRL N14.svg | 60px | link = N14]] | Leitir Ceanainn – [[Leifear]] – (A38 go [[An Srath Bán]]) | align=right | 17.5 |- | align=center | [[Íomhá:IRL N15.svg | 60px | link = N15]] | Sligeach – [[Dún na nGall (baile)|Dún na nGall]] – Leifear – (A38, A5 go Doire) | align=right | 111.0 |- | align=center | [[Íomhá:IRL N16.svg | 60px | link = N16]] | Sligeach – (A4 trí [[Inis Ceithleann]], M1 go Béal Feirste) | align=right | 47.5 |- | align=center | [[Íomhá:IRL N17.svg | 60px | link = N17]][[Íomhá: M17-IE confirmatory.svg | 60px | link= N17]] | Gaillimh – [[Clár Chlainne Mhuiris]] – [[Cúil Mhuine]] – (N4 go Sligeach) | align=right | 122.9 |} == Mór-lonnaíochtaí == Is iad na cathracha is mó sa réigiún ná [[Leitir Ceanainn]] agus [[Sligeach]], agus daonraí níos mó ná 20,000 ag an dís acu.<ref name="cso2022"/> Níl ann áfach ach seacht mbaile déag le daonraí níos mó ná 2,000 acu, seacht dóibh i nDún na nGall, cúig sa Chabhán, trí cinn i Muineachán agus ceann amháin 1 Sligeach agus Liatroim araon.<ref name=iroborder /> [[Íomhá:Letterkenny town centre.jpg| thumb | [[Leitir Ceanainn]], Dún na nGall]] [[Íomhá:The Glass House.jpg | thumb | [[Sligeach]]]] Seo a leanas liosta desna deich lonnaíocht is mó atá i Réigiún an Oirdheiscirt. Dírítear aird ar phríomhbhailte contae le '''cló trom'''. {|class="wikitable" |+ Baile |- ! # ! Baile ! Contae ! Daonra<br>([[Daonáireamh Phoblacht na hÉireann 2022|2022]]<ref name=cso2022 />) |- | align=right | 1 | [[Leitir Ceanainn]] | [[Contae Dhún na nGall|Dún na nGall]] | align=right | 22,549 |- | align=right | 2 | '''[[Sligeach]]''' | [[Contae Shligigh|Sligeach]] | align=right | 20,608 |- | align=right | 3 | '''[[an Cabhán]]''' | [[Contae an Chabháin|an Cabhán]] | align=right | 11,741 |- | align=right | 4 | '''[[Muineachán]]''' | [[Contae Mhuineacháin|Muineachán]] | align=right | 7,894 |- | align=right | 5 | [[Bun Cranncha]] | [[Contae Dhún na nGall|Dún na nGall]] | align=right | 6,971 |- | align=right | 6 | [[Carraig Mhachaire Rois]] | [[Contae Mhuineacháin|Muineachán]] | align=right | 5,745 |- | align=right | 7 | [[Bealach Féich]]-[[Srath an Urláir]] | [[Contae Dhún na nGall|Dún na nGall]] | align=right | 5,406 |- | align=right | 8 | '''[[Cora Droma Rúisc]]''' | [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]] | align=right | 4,743 |- | align=right | 9 | [[Baile na Lorgan]] | [[Contae Mhuineacháin|Muineachán]] | align=right | 3,926 |- | align=right | 10 | [[Achadh an Iúir]] | [[Contae an Chabháin|an Cabhán]] | align=right | 3,211 |} == Gailearaí == <gallery class="center"> Íomhá:SlieveLeague ToneMapped.jpg | [[Sliabh Liag]], <br/>Dún na nGall Íomhá:Countyleitrimcows.jpg | [[Droim Dhá Thiar]], <br/>Liatroim Íomhá:Mullaghmore, Co Sligo.jpg | [[An Mullach Mór]], <br/>Sligeach Íomhá:Loughter.JPG | [[Coillidh Chaoin]], <br/>an Cabhán Íomhá:Lough Muckno Co.Monaghan Eire. - geograph.org.uk - 507755.jpg | [[Loch Mucnú]], <br/>Muineachán </gallery> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=wdcnutsrev>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.wdc.ie/nuts-about-nuts/ | work = Western Development Commission | teideal = WDC, Revisions to NUTS Level II | dátarochtana = 2018-07-11 | archive-date = 2022-02-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220207074932/https://www.wdc.ie/nuts-about-nuts/ | url-status = dead | archivedate = 2022-02-07 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20220207074932/https://www.wdc.ie/nuts-about-nuts/ }}</ref> <ref name=cso2022>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Census 2022 - F1004A - Population | work = [[Príomh-Oifig Staidrimh na hÉireann|Príomh-Oifig Staidrimh]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2023 | url = https://data.cso.ie/table/F1004A | dátarochtana = 16ú Meán Fómhair 2023 }}</ref> <ref name=csonutsrev>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.cso.ie/en/methods/informationnotefordatausersrevisiontotheirishnuts2andnuts3regions/ | teideal = Revision to the Irish NUTS2 and NUTS3 regions | work = [[Príomh-Oifig Staidrimh na hÉireann|Príomh-Oifig Staidrimh]] | dátarochtana = 23ú Aibreán 2023 | archive-date = 4ú Aibreán 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404203146/https://www.cso.ie/en/methods/informationnotefordatausersrevisiontotheirishnuts2andnuts3regions/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=csonutsrev23>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.cso.ie/en/methods/revnuts23/ | work = POS | teideal = CSO, notes on revisions to NUTS}}</ref> <ref name=csoilg>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cp10esil/p10esil/ilg/ | work = POS | teideal = Irish language and the Gaeltacht}}</ref> <ref name=ir573>''Local Government Act 1991 (Regional Assemblies) (Establishment) Order 2014'' ([https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/si/573/made/en/print I.R Ui. 573/2014]. Sínithe ar an 16ú Nollaig 2014. Sínithe ar an 29ú Meitheamh 2014. Ionstraim Reachtúil Rialtas na hÉireann. Faighte ó [[Leabhar Reachtanna na hÉireann]] ar an 24ú Márta 2019.</ref> <ref name=ir394>''An tAcht um Rialtas Áitiúil, 1991 (Údaráis Réigiúnacha) {Bunú} Ordú 1993'', Sínithe ar an 20ú Nollaig 1993. Ionstraim Reachtúil Rialtas na hÉireann. Faighte ó [[Leabhar Reachtanna na hÉireann]] ar an 25ú Feabhra 2022</ref> <ref name=ir228>''Local Government Act 1991 (Regional Authorities) (Amendment) Order 2014'' ([https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/si/228/made/en/html I.R. Ui. 228/2014]). Sínithe ar an 29ú Meitheamh 2014. Ionstraim Reachtúil Rialtas na hÉireann. Faighte ón [[Leabhar Reachtanna na hÉireann]] ar an 24ú Márta 2019.</ref> <ref name=CELEX:32016R2066>{{lua idirlín | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R2066 | teideal = Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/2066 amending the annexes ... <nowiki>[of]</nowiki> ... NUTS | foilsitheoir = [[EUR-Lex]] | dátarochtana = 15ú Lúnasa 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=estatexplorer>{{lua idirlín | url = http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do | teideal = Eurostat - Data Explorer | dátarochtana = 2014-10-06 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122431/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do | archive-date = 2014-10-06}}</ref> <ref name=iroborder>Irish Region Office - [http://www.iro.ie/border_region.html Regions of Ireland: Border Region] {{webarchive | url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719151145/http://www.iro.ie/border_region.html | date= 19ú Iúil 2011}}</ref> <ref name=BorderAuthority>Border Regional Authority - [http://www.border.ie/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=7&Itemid=34 Profile of the Region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813040418/http://www.border.ie/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=7&Itemid=34 |date=2013-08-13 }}</ref> <ref name=tii>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.tii.ie/roads-tolling/our-road-network/ | work = Transport Infrastructure Ireland | teideal = National Road Network | dátarochtana = 2025-08-29 | archivedate = 2020-08-01 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200801052930/https://www.tii.ie/roads-tolling/our-road-network/ }}</ref> <ref name=nwraplanning>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.nwra.ie/wp-content/uploads/Planning-Guidelines-for-the-Border-Region.pdf | work = NWRA | teideal = Planning Guidelines for the Border Region, 2010-2022}}</ref> <ref name=csoagri2016>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/raa/regionalaccountsforagriculture2016/ | work = POS | teideal = Regional Accounts for Agriculture}}</ref> <ref name=timesbrexit>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.thetimes.com/world/ireland-world/article/border-region-will-be-the-biggest-casualty-of-brexit-rhj62k92x | work = The Times | teideal = Border region 'will be the biggest casualty' of Brexit}}</ref> <ref name=iibrexit>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.independent.ie/business/brexit/warning-hard-brexit-could-leave-border-region-further-behind-36259241.html | work = The Irish Independent | teideal = Warning hard Brexit could leave Border region further behind}}</ref> <ref name=govagri2017>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/nfi/nfithirdcycle2017/nationalforestinventorypublications2017/ | work = Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine | teideal = 2017 National Forestry Inventory}}</ref> <ref name=metclimate>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.met.ie/climate/available-data/monthly-data | work = Met Éireann | teideal = Monthly Data}}</ref> <ref name=govagri2006>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/nfi/nfifirstcycle2006/nationalforestinventorypublications2006/ | work = Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine | teideal = 2006 National Forestry Inventory}}</ref> <ref name=geosligo>{{lua idirlín | url = http://geoschol.com/counties/SLIGO_GEOLOGY.pdf | work = Geoschol | teideal = Geology of County Sligo | dátarochtana = 2025-08-29 | archivedate = 2024-06-13 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20240613211614/http://geoschol.com/counties/SLIGO_GEOLOGY.pdf }}</ref> <ref name=geocavan>{{lua idirlín | url = http://geoschol.com/counties/CAVAN_GEOLOGY.pdf | work = Geoschol | teideal = Geology of County Cavan | dátarochtana = 2025-08-29 | archivedate = 2021-11-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20211122044434/http://geoschol.com/counties/CAVAN_GEOLOGY.pdf }}</ref> <ref name=gsi>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.gsi.ie/documents/Geoschol_Donegal_Geology.pdf | work = Geoschol | teideal = Geology of County Donegal | dátarochtana = 2025-08-29 | archivedate = 2017-12-18 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171218114131/https://www.gsi.ie/documents/Geoschol_Donegal_Geology.pdf }}</ref> <ref name=itnatgeo>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/travel/donegal-named-coolest-place-on-planet-by-national-geographic-1.2889597 | work = The Irish Times | teideal = Donegal named coolest place on planet by National Geographic}}</ref> }} {{Réigiúin NUTS na hÉireann}} [[Catagóir:Teorainn Phoblacht na hÉireann–na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Réigiúin NUTS na hÉireann]] 18q1046yk31ijkwfhr97qwizxkrhozy 0 121254 1327914 1321674 2026-09-13T10:40:45Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1327914 wikitext text/x-wiki Tá [[an Liotuáin]] roinnte ina '''deich gcontae''' ([[Liotuáinis]]: uatha ''apskritis'', iolra ''apskritys''), gach ceann ainmnithe as a phríomhchathair. Tá na contaetha roinnte ina [[Bardais na Liotuáine|60 bardas]] (uatha ''savivaldybė'', iolra ''savivaldybės''): 9 mbardas cathrach, 43 bhardas ceantair agus 8 mbardas. Tá gach bardas roinnte ina [[seanóireacht|seanóireachtaí]] (uatha ''seniūnija'', iolra ''seniūnijos''). Bunaíodh an córas seo sa bhliain 1994 agus leasaíodh go mion é sa bhliain 2000. Go dtí an bhliain 2010, bhí na contaetha faoi riar gobharnóirí contae (singular ''apskrities viršininkas'', plural ''apskrities viršininkai'') ceaptha ag an rialtas láir i [[Vilnius]]. Bhí sé mar phríomh-fhreagracht acu ná go ngéille na bardais do dhlíthe agus [[bunreacht na Liotuáine|bunreacht]] na Liotuáine. Moladh é nárbh ghá don Liotuáin 10 gcontae a bheith aici. Mar sin, ar an 1d Iúil 2010, cuireadh deireadh leis na rialacháin contae, ach coinníodh na contaetha féin le haghaidh feidhmeanna staidrimh.<ref name=Seimas2011 /> == Liosta agus léarscáil == {{Wikidata list | SPARQL = SELECT ?item ?itemLabel WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q273789. # Sampla de 'Contae den Liotuáin' FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P576 ?abolishedDate. } SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "ga,lt,en". } } ORDER BY ?itemLabel | columns = number:#, P94:Armas, label:Contae, P2046:Achar, P1082:Daonra, P242:Íomhá }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! Armas ! Contae ! Achar ! Daonra ! Íomhá |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Íomhá:LTA Alytaus apskritis COA.svg|center|128px]] | [[Contae Alytus]] | 5425 ciliméadar cearnach | 135367 | [[Íomhá:Alytus County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | | ''[[:d:Q130536648|Contae Alytus (1915-1950)]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Íomhá:LTU Kauno apskritis COA.svg|center|128px]] | [[Contae Kaunas]] | 8089 ciliméadar cearnach | 580333 | [[Íomhá:Kaunas County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Íomhá:LTU Klaipėdos apskritis COA.svg|center|128px]] | [[Contae Klaipėda]] | 5209 ciliméadar cearnach | 336104 | [[Íomhá:Klaipeda County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Íomhá:Marijampole County COA.png|center|128px]] | [[Contae Marijampolė]] | 4463 ciliméadar cearnach | 135891 | [[Íomhá:Marijampole County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Íomhá:LTU Panevėžio apskritis COA.svg|center|128px]] | [[Contae Panevėžys]] | 7881 ciliméadar cearnach | 211652 | [[Íomhá:Panevezys County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Íomhá:Taurage County COA.png|center|128px]] | [[Contae Tauragė]] | 4411 ciliméadar cearnach | 90652 | [[Íomhá:Taurage County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Íomhá:Telsiai County COA.png|center|128px]] | [[Contae Telšiai]] | 4350 ciliméadar cearnach | 131431 | [[Íomhá:Telsiai County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Íomhá:Utena County COA.png|center|128px]] | [[Contae Utena]] | 7201 ciliméadar cearnach | 125462 | [[Íomhá:Utena County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Íomhá:LTU Vilniaus apskritis COA.svg|center|128px]] | [[Contae Vilnius]] | 9731 ciliméadar cearnach | 851346 | [[Íomhá:Vilnius County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Íomhá:Siauliai County COA.png|center|128px]] | [[Contae Šiauliai]] | 8540 ciliméadar cearnach | 261764 | [[Íomhá:Siauliai County in Lithuania.svg|center|128px]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | | ''[[:d:Q12647259|Akmenės apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | | ''[[:d:Q111979105|Alytaus-Merkinės apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | | ''[[:d:Q16453825|Jonavos apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | | ''[[:d:Q12657989|Joniškio apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | | ''[[:d:Q16453882|Joniškėlio apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | | ''[[:d:Q12659034|Jūžintų apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | | ''[[:d:Q12660405|Kelmės apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | | ''[[:d:Q12661870|Kuršėnų apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | | ''[[:d:Q16457722|Bezirk Kėdainiai]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | | ''[[:d:Q16458268|Lazdijų apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | | ''[[:d:Q16464181|Mažeikių apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | | ''[[:d:Q12665851|Molėtų apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | | ''[[:d:Q16467965|Pabradės apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | | ''[[:d:Q16468295|Pajūrio apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | | ''[[:d:Q16468930|Pasvalio apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | | ''[[:d:Q16469827|Plungės apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | | ''[[:d:Q16470482|Radviliškio apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | | ''[[:d:Q16471914|Saldutiškio apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | | ''[[:d:Q12672582|Sedos apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | | ''[[:d:Q16472520|Skaudvilės apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | | ''[[:d:Q111980959|Tauragė County]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | | ''[[:d:Q111980964|Trakų apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | | ''[[:d:Q12676655|Varnių apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | | ''[[:d:Q12676708|Varėnos apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | | ''[[:d:Q16476252|Vilkijos apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | | ''[[:d:Q111980991|Zarasų apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | | ''[[:d:Q12679602|Šeduvos apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | | ''[[:d:Q12679746|Šiaulėnų apskritis]]'' | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | | ''[[:d:Q12679801|Šilalės apskritis]]'' | | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} [[Íomhá:Municipalities in Lithuania.png]] {| |+ Bardais chathrach | 1 || [[Vilnius|Vilnius]] | 2 || [[Kaunas|Kaunas]] | 3 || [[Klaipėda|Klaipėda]] | 4 || [[Panevėžys|Panevėžys]] |- | 5 || [[Šiauliai|Šiauliai]] | 6 || [[Alytus|Alytus]] | 7 || [[Birštonas|Birštonas]] | 8 || [[Palanga|Palanga]] |- |+ Bardais | 9 || [[Visaginas|Visaginas]] | 10 || [[Neringa|Neringa]] |} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Seimas2011>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Dėl apskričių viršininkų administracijų likvidavimo | url = http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=392936 | fostaitheoir = Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania | dátarochtana = 21d Lúnasa 2011 | archive-date = 12ú Nollaig 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191212095643/http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=392936 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Contaetha sa Liotuáin| ]] ozd5vfx8yekwlc9s7vv4sfeolvaou4z 0 121851 1327911 1293836 2026-09-13T09:55:40Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1327911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is iriseoir iniúchta ón [[An Rómáin|Rómáin]] é '''Paul Radu''' (rugadh 1975 &#x2013; 76).<ref name="Craciun">{{Cite web-en|url=https://viitorulromaniei.ro/2015/10/26/ziaristul-pe-care-escrocii-il-urasc-cine-este-paul-radu/|title=Ziaristul pe care escrocii îl urăsc. Cine este Paul Radu?|author=Crăciun|first=Andrei|date=October 26, 2015|language=ro|work=viitorulromaniei.ro|access-date=February 8, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|journal=[[Stone Canoe]]|title=Not My Life: Filmmaker Robert Bilheimer's Latest Meditation on Good and Evil|year=2012|author=Nancy Keefe Rhodes|url=http://www.stonecanoejournal.org/MovingImages/Not%20My%20Life%20-%20Stone%20Canoe%20FINAL%202012%20-%20Rhodes.pdf|accessdate=August 6, 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026115104/http://www.stonecanoejournal.org/MovingImages/Not%20My%20Life%20-%20Stone%20Canoe%20FINAL%202012%20-%20Rhodes.pdf |date=Deireadh Fómhair 26, 2014 }}</ref> Tá sé ina chomhbhunaitheoir ar an tionscadal [[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (Tionscadal Tuairiscíochta um Choireacht Eagraithe agus Éilliú) é, agus bhronn "Duais na Prease Eorpaí" an 'An Gradam Speisialta' air féin agus ar a chomhbhunaitheoir Drew Sullivan.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/Journalist-forsokt-utpresset-med-sexbilder-6781111.html|teideal=Journalist forsøkt utpresset med sexbilder|language=no|work=[[Aftenposten]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/awards|title=Awards|author=OCCRP|language=en|work=www.occrp.org|access-date=2020-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526071354/https://www.occrp.org/en/awards|archive-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tá sé ar dhuine de chomhbhunaitheoirí Ionad Iriseoireachta Imscrúdaitheach na Rómáine freisin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=4884|teideal=Playing Defense|work=[[American Journalism Review]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722050814/http://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=4884|archivedate=July 22, 2013}}</ref> ==Tagairtí== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Radu, Paul}} [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh sna 1970í]] [[Catagóir:Fir]] [[Catagóir:Iriseoirí]] l5d8w6qzlg0hl4h5d5a4ig38jtxokdd 0 126557 1327879 1327178 2026-09-12T19:28:11Z RandomUserGuy1738 55909 1327879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Príomh-aire na Ríochta Aontaithe de chuid [[Páirtí an Lucht Oibre (an Ríocht Aontaithe)|Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]] is ea '''Andrew Murray Burnham''' (rugadh é ar an [[7 Eanáir]] [[1970]] i [[Learpholl]]). [[Íomhá:Andy Burnham (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|312x312px|2009]] [[Íomhá:Andrew Burnham, September 2009 3.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|Aire Sláinte, 2009]] [[Íomhá:Andy Burnham MP NHS Confederation conference 2014 (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|274x274px|2014]] [[Íomhá:Michael Higgins and Andy Burnham.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|2024]] [[Íomhá:Andy Burnham visits Bath bus depot (1).jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|21 Iúil /2026, [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]]]] == Gairm == Bhí sé ina Fheisire Parlaiminte do [[Leigh, Manchain Mhór|Leigh]] idir 2001 agus 2017. Ceapadh é ina mhéara ar [[Mórcheantar Mhanchain|Mhórcheantar Mhanchain]] sa bhliain 2017. == Príomh-aire == Le linn ghéarchéim cheannaireachta Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre in 2026, bhí an-chaint ar Burnham mar chomharba [[Keir Starmer]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://anpáipéar.ie/2026/03/buille-mor-do-starmer-agus-an-pairti-glas-in-uachtar-i-manchain/|teideal=Buille mór do Starmer agus an Pairtí Glas in uachtar i Manchain|údar=Eoin Ó Murchú|dáta=2026-03-06|language=ga-IE|work=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2026-05-22}}</ref> Roghnaíodh mar iarrthóir sa [[Fothoghchán Makerfield 2026|bhfothoghchán 2026]] i [[Fothoghchán Makerfield 2026|Makerfield]] é.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://an-fothoghchan-a-dfheadfadh-a-gcead-phriomh-aire-eile-a-thabhairt-do-mhuintir-na-breataine/|teideal=An fothoghchán a d’fhéadfadh a gcéad phríomh-aire eile a thabhairt do mhuintir na Breataine|údar=Máirín Ní Ghadhra|dáta=2026-05-22|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc|dátarochtana=2026-05-22}}</ref> Thug an bua sin deis dó a bheith ina iarrthóir i dtoghchán ceannaireachta Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre ina dhiaidh sin. Ar an 22 Meitheamh 2026, d’fhógair an t-iarphríomh-aire Keir Starmer, go n-éireodh sé féin as an bpost, sin ceithre lá tar éis do Burnham suíochán mar MP a bhuachan, suíochán a cheadaigh dó tabhairt faoin bpríomh-aireacht. Ceapadh é ina cheannaire ar Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre na Breataine ar an 17 Iúil 2026. === Insealbhú === Ar an 20 Iúil 2026, chuaigh Burnham chuig Pálás Buckingham le haghaidh shearmanas na ndintiúr, an cúigiú Príomh-Aire sa Bhreatain le ceithre bliana.<ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Andy Burnham ceaptha mar Phríomh-Aire nua na Breataine|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0720/1584156-andy-burnham-ceaptha-mar-phriomh-aire-nua-na-breataine/|date=2026-07-20|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Ansin thug sé óráid i Sráid Downing inar leag sé amach an fhís a bhí aige mar Phríomh-Aire agus inar thug sé eolas ginearálta faoi na polasaithe atá ar intinn aige a chur i bhfeidhm. D'fhógair Burnham go réiteodh sé plean nua deich mbliana don tír. Gheall sé go ndéanfadh sé “na hathruithe is mó a tharla le 40 bliain” agus go dtabharfadh sé isteach “múnla nua polaitíochta agus múnla nua eacnamaíochta”.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/burnham-an-cuigiu-priomh-aire-ar-an-mbreatain-le-ceithre-bliana/|teideal=Burnham an cúigiú Príomh-Aire ar an mBreatain le ceithre bliana|dáta=2026-07-20|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-07-21}}</ref> Dúirt sé gur ar an gcostas maireachtála a dhíreodh sé ar an gcéad dul síos. Mhaígh sé gur mhian leis bunriachtanais an tsaoil a thabhairt ar ais faoi smacht an phobail agus iad a dhéanamh níos inacmhainne.Ba thagairt é sin do na seirbhísí poiblí ar fad a príobháidíodh sa Bhreatain ó ré Margaret Thatcher agus de réir pholasaithe eacnamaíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh sular imigh an Bhreatain as an Aontas.<ref name=":0" /> Gheall sé go dtógfaí níos mó tithe comhairlí [poiblí] agus go seasfaí leis na gealltanais atá tugtha maidir le cúrsaí cosanta. Cuideofaí le daoine óga obair a fháil trí athrú a dhéanamh ar an gcóras oideachais agus dúirt Burnham go gcuirfí tacaíocht bhreise ar fáil i réimse na meabhairshláinte. == Éire == I mí Lúnasa 2026, thug Burnham le fios ag go raibh reifreann sa [[Tuaisceart Éireann|Tuaisceart]] ar [[athaontú na hÉireann]] curtha as an áireamh aige agus nach mbeadh an cheist ar aon chlár margála aige. Mhaígh sé nár thráthúil an t-am é seo le reifreann a ghairm i bhfianaise an easaontais mhóir a cothaíodh i measc daoine sa Bhreatain mar gheall ar an dá reifreann eile a bhí ann le deich mbliana – an reifreann ar [[Breatimeacht|imeacht na Breataine as an Aontas Eorpach]] agus an [[Neamhspleáchas na hAlban|reifreann ar neamhspleáchas na hAlban]]. B'fhearr de gach duine, arsa sé, dá ndéanfadh polaiteoirí sa Tuaisceart a ndícheall le daoine a thabhairt le chéile agus dá ndíreoidís ar cheisteanna atá le réiteach go práinneach, cuir i gcas, an costas maireachtála agus an buiséad bliantúil.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Reifreann ar athaontú na hÉireann curtha as an áireamh ag Burnham|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2026/0827/1589427-gan-aon-suim-ag-burnham-i-gcaint-ar-reifreann-sa-tuaisceart/|date=2026-08-27|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Fothoghchán Makerfield 2026]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Burnham, Andrew}} [[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Baill Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1970]] [[Catagóir:Daoine as Learpholl]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Taighdeoirí Briotanacha]] [[Catagóir:Méaraí Sasanacha]] [[Catagóir:Príomh-Airí na Ríochta Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Andy Burnham]] gbxrqo10zxaqje16utdloxukr0xla2t 0 128405 1327871 2026-09-12T15:41:11Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki (Stair uaimheadóireachta le haistriú) 1327871 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Keshcorran Caves 10816.jpg | mion | 250px | Uaimheanna na Céise]] Is sraith uaimheanna [[réigiún carst|aolchloiche]] gar den Chéis i g[[Contae Shligigh]] iad '''Uaimheanna na Céise'''.<ref name=logainm /> Suite ar an taobh thiar de Chnoc Chéis Chorainn (chuid [[an Bricshliabh]]) is ea na huaimheanna, le sé phluais déag, cuid dóibh le naisc eatarthu. Tá fianaise ann go raibh daoine daonna sna huaimheanna léir na mílte bliana anuas, agus gur tharla anseo deasghnátha ársa amhail is [[Lughnasadh]].<ref name=MacNeill1962 /> I rith tochailtí déanta le linn na 20ú haoise, go háirithe ag [[Robert Francis Scharff]], aimsíodh conablaigh shuntasacha, ina n-áirítear cnámha [[béar donn]], [[leimín Artach]], [[fia mór na mbeann]] agus [[mac tíre]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> == Geolaíocht == Tá na sé phluais déag suite ag bun aille ísle ar an taobh thiar den chnoc.<ref name=Aretz2010 /> Cruthaíodh iad le síonchaitheamh [[aolchloch charbónmhar|aolchloiche carbónmhaire]], agus iad ag rith ingearach leis an éadan carraige. Tá an-chuid [[grianchloch]] ann, agus tá cisil oighreacha bolláin ag béal na bpluaiseanna i ndiaidh chúlú na [[An Oighearthréimhse Dheiridh|n-oighearchlúideacha]].<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Tá [[breisia]] i roinnt pluaiseanna, ach is fánach iad [[aolchoinneal|aolchoinnle]].<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> [[Íomhá:The Caves of Keash.JPG| mion | 270px | Uaimheanna na Céise agus na sé shlí isteach déag]] [[Íomhá:1903 Kesh Caves.jpg| mion | Léiriú 1903 na bpluaiseanna le [[Robert Lloyd Praeger]]]] == Stair uaimheadóireachta == * 1901 * 1929/30 * 1971 <!-- le haistriú: The first thorough exploration of the caves at Keshcorran occurred during five weeks in 1901, and was initiated after a portion of a bear's skull had been discovered some years earlier.<ref name=ITS>{{Cite web |url=http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |title=Bricklieve Mountains |publisher=Institute of Technology Sligo |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119072329/http://staffweb.itsligo.ie/staff/dcotton/Bricklieve_mountains.html |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These excavations, headed by [[Robert Francis Scharff]], R. J. Ussher, and [[Robert Lloyd Praeger]], recovered bones of [[Red deer|deer]], ox, goat, pig, [[Brown bear|bear]], horse, sheep, donkey, [[Mountain hare|hare]], mouse, [[Brown rat|rat]], badger, fox, dog, [[Gray wolf|wolf]], and [[stoat]]. For the first time in Ireland, evidence of the [[Arctic lemming]] was also discovered, drawing headlines around the country.<ref name=ITS /> Another important recovery was that of a metacarpus of reindeer, discovered above an area of burnt charcoal. This suggests that reindeer in Ireland survived until the human period.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Also recovered from the excavations were the four oldest species of [[Mollusca|molluscs]] found in Ireland at the time, the remains of several fish, and numerous species of bird, most notably the [[Rock ptarmigan|ptarmigan]], [[smew]], and [[little auk]]. Another recovery of note was that of several fossilised frog bones found in the lowest stratum, which disproved a common belief that the species had only been introduced in 1699.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Finally, the excavations found evidence of occasional human habitation going as far back as the [[Neolithic]], with more regular occupation being identified from the 10th century onward. Five human teeth and the [[humerus]] of a male were found in the caves, and man-made artefacts that were recovered include two bone needles, a bone comb, a stone [[Celt (tool)|celt]], an iron saw, two bronze pins, and a stone axe of [[adze]] type. Shells of [[Blue mussel|mussel]] and oyster were also found, further supporting human settlement.<ref name=Scharff1903 /> Further explorations took place in 1929 and 1930, and these led to the recovery of more bones of lemming, reindeer, mouse, pig, hare, horse, frog, rabbit, sheep, fox, stoat, bear, dog, ox, badger and rat. The excavations also discovered remains of [[Irish elk|elk]], cat, shrew, and duck.<ref name=Gwynn1940 /> In more recent times, some of the mammal bones recovered from these excavations have been re-analysed with [[radiocarbon dating]], confirming a late-glacial estimate for the bones found in the lower layers. Those of the bear, deer, hare, and wolf were dated to around 10,000 BC, while those of the stoat and horse were dated to around 6000 BC and 400 BC respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.showcaves.com/english/ie/caves/Keshcorran.html |title=Caves of Keshcorran| publisher=Show Caves of the World |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref><ref name=ITS /> The most recent discovery from the caves occurred in 1971, when a left [[tibia]] of an adult was recovered in a pool of water.<ref name=Timoney /> It has subsequently been dated to the turn of the 11th century, coinciding with an entry in the [[Annals of the Four Masters]] for 1007 AD; : ''"Muireadhach, a distinguished bishop, son of the brother of Ainmire Bocht, was suffocated in a cave, in Gaileanga of Corann."''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100005B/text011.html |title=Annal M1007.2| publisher=University College Cork |accessdate=6 Oct 2017 }}</ref> --> == Béaloideas == Feictear uaimheanna na Céise go suntasach [[miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], agus mhair na scéalta seo beo sa {{h|béaloideas}} go dtí an 20ú haois. Bhíodh nasc idir na pluaiseanna agus an [[alltar]].<ref name=Meehan2004 /> Sa seanscéal ''[[Cath Maige Mucrama]]'', instear gur rugadh [[Cormac mac Airt]] ag bun Chéis Chorainn. Deirtear gur tógadh é sna pluaiseanna ag mac tíre, amhail is [[Romulus agus Remus]].<ref name=Timoney2013 /> Feictear na pluaiseanna i dtrí scéal maidir le [[Fionn mac Cumhaill]]. * [[An Fhiannaíocht#Associated works|Duanaire Finn]]: téann Fionn ar théad go dtí [[ceárta]] alltarach laistigh desna pluaiseanna. * ''Bruidhean Chéise Corainn'': gabhtear agus ceanglaítear Fionn sna pluaiseanna ag na [[Tuatha Dé Danann]]. * ''[[Tóraíocht Dhiarmada agus Gráinne]]'': maireann [[Diarmuid Ua Duibne|Diarmuid]] agus [[Gráinne (miotaseolaíocht)|Gráinne]] i nGráinne Mór gar desna pluaiseanna.<ref name=carrowkeel /> Instear scéal nua-aimsearthachta i ndialann le [[Gabriel Beranger]] don bhliain 1779. Dar leis an scéal, tá nasc idir Céis Chorainn agus [[Ráth Cruachan#Uaimh na gCat|Uaimh na gCat]], ag Ráth Cruachan, agus go ndeachaigh bean éigin tríothu ar tóir a lao fhiáin. ''We believed it rather than try it.''<ref name=Wilde1880 /> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín| url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/112051 | teideal = Uaimheanna na Céise | website = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] | dátarochtana = 11 Iúil 2023}}</ref> <ref name=MacNeill1962>MacNeill, Máire (1962), ''The Festival of Lughnasa''</ref> <ref name=Timoney2013>{{cite book | title=Dedicated to Sligo: 34 Essays on Sligo's Past | editor-last=Timoney | editor-first=Martin | pages=75–80 | year=2013 | publisher=Publishing Sligo's Past | isbn=978-0-9575547-0-2}}</ref> <ref name=Aretz2010>Aretz, Markus (2010), ''Rugose coral biostromes in the late Viséan (Mississippian) of NW Ireland''</ref> <ref name=Scharff1903>Scharff, Robert Francis (1903), ''The Exploration of the Caves of Kesh, County Sligo]'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30079180 30079180]</ref> <ref name=Gwynn1940>Gwynn, Arthur Montague (1940), ''Report on a Further Exploration (1929) of the Caves of Keshcorran, Co. Sligo'', [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20518797 20518797]</ref> <ref name=Meehan2004>{{cite book | last=Meehan | first=Cary | date=2004 | title=Sacred Ireland | location=Somerset | publisher=Gothic Image Publications | page=680 | isbn=0 906362 43 1}}</ref> <ref name=carrowkeel>{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.carrowkeel.com/sites/carrowkeel/keshmyth.html | teideal = The Mythology of Kesh Corann | foilsitheoir = Sacred Island Guided Tours | dátarochtana = 6 Deireadh Fómhair 2017}}</ref> <ref name=Wilde1880>Wilde, William (1880), ''[https://archive.org/stream/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog#page/n58/mode/2up The Memoirs of Gabriel Beranger]'', p. 48. [https://archive.org/details/memoirgabrielbe00wildgoog PDF here]</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Céis, Uaimheanna na}} [[Catagóir:Sléibhte agus sliabhraonta na hÉireann]] dfsi5tirnnnvuz8on4jl2s2ecogkefp 0 128406 1327883 2026-09-12T21:10:43Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le 'Úrscéal faoin óige is ea ''Die neuen Leiden des jungen W''..<ref>Béarla: ''The New Sorrows of Young W.''</ref> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gearmáine]] [[Catagóir:An Ghearmáin Thoir]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gearmánacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta greannmhara]] [[Catagóir:Aoir]] [[Catagóir:Cumannachas]] [[Catagóir:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[Catagóir:Cré na Cille]]' 1327883 wikitext text/x-wiki Úrscéal faoin óige is ea ''Die neuen Leiden des jungen W''..<ref>Béarla: ''The New Sorrows of Young W.''</ref> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gearmáine]] [[Catagóir:An Ghearmáin Thoir]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gearmánacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta greannmhara]] [[Catagóir:Aoir]] [[Catagóir:Cumannachas]] [[Catagóir:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[Catagóir:Cré na Cille]] p9zxvdkmd4dhqltqw46as92uyz70rgv 1327884 1327883 2026-09-12T21:10:59Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[The New Sorrows of Young W.]] go [[Die neuen Leiden des jungen W.]] 1327883 wikitext text/x-wiki Úrscéal faoin óige is ea ''Die neuen Leiden des jungen W''..<ref>Béarla: ''The New Sorrows of Young W.''</ref> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gearmáine]] [[Catagóir:An Ghearmáin Thoir]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gearmánacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta greannmhara]] [[Catagóir:Aoir]] [[Catagóir:Cumannachas]] [[Catagóir:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[Catagóir:Cré na Cille]] p9zxvdkmd4dhqltqw46as92uyz70rgv 1327887 1327884 2026-09-12T21:28:34Z TGcoa 21229 1327887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} Úrscéal le [[Ulrich Plenzdorf]] faoin óige is ea '''''Die neuen Leiden des jungen W''.'''.<ref>Béarla: ''The New Sorrows of Young W.''</ref> Foilsíodh é in 1972 nuair a bhí oirthear na Gearmáine faoi chuing an chumannachais. Macallaí ann den mhórshaothar sin ag Goethe a dtagraíonn an teideal dó – ''Die Leiden des jungen Werthers'' –, ach de ''The Catcher in the Rye'' Salinger freisin, aguse ''Cré na Cille'', cé nach dócha go raibh fáil air sa bhliain 1972, nuair a bhí Plenzdorf i mbun pinn in Oirthear na Gearmáine, ar aistriúchán Gearmáinise de mhórshaothar an Chadhnaigh. == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gearmáine]] [[Catagóir:An Ghearmáin Thoir]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gearmánacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta greannmhara]] [[Catagóir:Aoir]] [[Catagóir:Cumannachas]] [[Catagóir:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[Catagóir:Cré na Cille]] min8mbzasw9rnw0v29ht40kkw71ggud 1327888 1327887 2026-09-12T21:40:04Z TGcoa 21229 1327888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} Úrscéal le [[Ulrich Plenzdorf]] is ea '''''Die neuen Leiden des jungen W''.'''.<ref>Béarla: ''The New Sorrows of Young W.''</ref> Foilsíodh é in 1972 nuair a bhí oirthear na Gearmáine faoi chuing an chumannachais. [[Íomhá:Ulrich Plenzdorf (1993) by Guenter Prust.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Ulrich Plenzdorf]] IN 1993]] [[Íomhá:Grabstein plenzdorf.jpg|clé|mion|293x293px|Uaigh Plenzdorf in Alt Rosenthal]] == Scéal == Labhraíonn príomhcharachtar ''Die neuen Leiden des jungen W.'', fear sna déaga déanacha darb ainm Edgar Wibeau, linn ón uaigh. Tá na carachtair eile beo beathach (ní hionann agus in ''[[Cré na Cille]]''). Bíonn taibhse Wibeau ar foluain os a gcionn nó ina sheasamh, dofheicthe, in aice leo, tráchtaireacht shearbh á déanamh aige ar chomhráite na mbeo, agus a chuid féin den scéal á hinsint aige. Is iad na beo sin a mháthair, a athair, dlúthchara, comrádaithe oibre agus – seo plota an scéil – lánúin nuaphósta a raibh triantán grá ag Wibeau leo.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ta-buaicphointe-litriocht-na-gearmaine-thoir-chomh-chumhachtach-agus-chomh-greannmhar-agus-a-bhi-riamh/|teideal=Tá buaicphointe litríocht na Gearmáine Thoir chomh chumhachtach (agus chomh greannmhar) agus a bhí riamh|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=12 Meán Fómhair 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-09-12}}</ref> == Conspóidí == Bhí conspóid nach beag faoin leabhar tráth a fhoilsithe agus thuigfeá cén fáth agus údaráis de chuile chineál – tuismitheoirí, fostóirí, stát – á gcáineadh go géar ann. Cáintear go géar an cumannachas féin ann, ach rinne Plenzdorf é ar bhealach chomh cliste sin nach bhféadfá, mar chinsire, aon rud a rá faoi. Bhain an leabhar stádas cultais amach sa Ghearmáin – Thoir agus Thiar – tráth a fhoilsithe agus breathnaítear air go forleathan mar bhuaicphointe litríocht iar-Phoblacht Dhaonlathach na Gearmáine, sin í an chuid den tír a bhíodh faoin gcumannachas le linn an [[An Cogadh Fuar|Chogaidh Fhuair]]. Macallaí ann den mhórshaothar sin ag Goethe a dtagraíonn an teideal dó – ''Die Leiden des jungen Werthers'' –, ach de ''The Catcher in the Rye'' Salinger freisin, aguse ''Cré na Cille'', cé nach dócha go raibh fáil air sa bhliain 1972, nuair a bhí Plenzdorf i mbun pinn in Oirthear na Gearmáine, ar aistriúchán Gearmáinise de mhórshaothar an Chadhnaigh.<ref name=":1" /> == Sliocht == Breathnaigh ar an sliocht seo, ina bhfuil fear inste an scéil, Edgar, ag magadh faoi bhailiúchán leabhair Dieter, an fear lena bhfuil Charlie, an bhean a bhfuil Edgar i ngrá léi, geallta. Is é an chaoi go bhfuil na leabhair ordaithe de réir a méid ar na seilfeanna ag Dieter.<blockquote>‘Gan dabht bhí na leabhair chlúiteacha sin uilig go léir aige. Marx, Engels, Lenin agus a leithéidí, iad uilig in aice lena chéile. Ní raibh rud ar bith agamsa i gcoinne Lenin agus an cineál sin daoine. Ní raibh rud ar bith agam i gcoinne an chumannachais ach oiread, deireadh a chur le dúshaothrú a dhéanamh ar chuile dhuine agus an cineál sin ruda. Ní raibh mé ina choinne sin. Ach chuile shórt eile. Leabhair a ordú de réir a méid mar shampla.’</blockquote>Déanann an abairtín beag bídeach sin ‘Ach chuile shórt eile’ sárjab. An dtagraíonn sé don abairt a thagann ina dhiaidh (leabhair a ordú de réir a méid) nó don abairt a thagann roimhe, agus an amhlaidh gur cáineadh ar ‘chuile shórt eile a bhaineann leis an gcumannachas’ atá i gceist? An slad agus an marú a rinneadh ar na milliúin agus na srianta dochta ar shaoirse an duine?<ref name=":1" /> == Féach freisin == == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gearmáine]] [[Catagóir:An Ghearmáin Thoir]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gearmánacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta greannmhara]] [[Catagóir:Aoir]] [[Catagóir:Cumannachas]] [[Catagóir:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[Catagóir:Cré na Cille]] 7p80tlflppxxkl7regx4l8eam6ngazm 1327892 1327888 2026-09-12T22:29:44Z TGcoa 21229 1327892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Teideal iodálach}} {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}} Úrscéal le [[Ulrich Plenzdorf|hUlrich Plenzdorf]] is ea '''''Die neuen Leiden des jungen W..'''''<ref>Béarla: ''The New Sorrows of Young W.''</ref> Foilsíodh é in 1972 nuair a bhí Oirthear na Gearmáine faoi chuing an chumannachais. [[Íomhá:Ulrich Plenzdorf (1993) by Guenter Prust.jpg|clé|mion|220x220px|[[Ulrich Plenzdorf]] in 1993]] [[Íomhá:Grabstein plenzdorf.jpg|clé|mion|293x293px|Uaigh Plenzdorf in Alt Rosenthal]] == Foilsiú == Foilsíodh an leagan próis den scéal ar dtús san irisleabhar liteartha ''Sinn und Form'' in 1972, agus léiríodh an leagan stáitse den chéad uair i Halle an 18 Bealtaine 1972. Tháinig eagrán leabhair leathnaithe amach in 1973 ó theach foilsitheoireachta Hinstorff, agus foilsíodh in Oirthear agus in Iarthar na Gearmáine in éineacht é.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_neuen_Leiden_des_jungen_W.|teideal=Die neuen Leiden des jungen W.|work=Vicipéid na Gearmáinise|dátarochtana=2026-09-12}}</ref> == Scéal == Labhraíonn príomhcharachtar ''Die neuen Leiden des jungen W.'', fear sna déaga déanacha darb ainm Edgar Wibeau, linn ón uaigh. Tá na carachtair eile beo beathach (ní hionann agus in ''[[Cré na Cille]]''). Bíonn taibhse Wibeau ar foluain os a gcionn nó ina sheasamh, dofheicthe, in aice leo, tráchtaireacht shearbh á déanamh aige ar chomhráite na mbeo, agus a chuid féin den scéal á hinsint aige. Is iad na beo sin a mháthair, a athair, dlúthchara, comrádaithe oibre agus – seo plota an scéil – lánúin nuaphósta a raibh triantán grá ag Wibeau leo.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ta-buaicphointe-litriocht-na-gearmaine-thoir-chomh-chumhachtach-agus-chomh-greannmhar-agus-a-bhi-riamh/|teideal=Tá buaicphointe litríocht na Gearmáine Thoir chomh chumhachtach (agus chomh greannmhar) agus a bhí riamh|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=12 Meán Fómhair 2026|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2026-09-12}}</ref> Fágann Edgar Wibeau, buachaill seacht mbliana déag d'aois, a phrintíseacht i mbaile beag ficseanúil darb ainm Mittenberg i ndiaidh achrainn lena mháistir ceirde, agus téann sé go Beirlín, mar a lonnaíonn sé i mbothán gairdín tréigthe i Lichtenberg. Is ann a thagann sé ar sheanchóip de ''Werther'' a raibh an clúdach agus an leathanach teidil bainte di, agus is ann a chastar Charlie air. Faigheann sé turraing leictreach mharfach agus é ag tástáil spraeire péinte a cheap sé féin. == Conspóidí == Bhí conspóid nach beag faoin leabhar tráth a fhoilsithe agus thuigfeá cén fáth agus údaráis de chuile chineál – tuismitheoirí, fostóirí, stát – á gcáineadh go géar ann. Cáintear an cumannachas féin ann, ach rinne Plenzdorf é ar bhealach chomh cliste sin nach bhféadfá, mar chinsire, aon rud a rá faoi. Bhain an leabhar stádas cultais amach sa Ghearmáin – Thoir agus Thiar – tráth a fhoilsithe agus meastar go forleathan gurb é buaicphointe litríocht iar-Phoblacht Dhaonlathach na Gearmáine é, sin í an chuid den tír a bhíodh faoin gcumannachas le linn an [[An Cogadh Fuar|Chogaidh Fhuair]]. Tá macallaí ann den mhórshaothar sin le [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] a dtagraíonn an teideal dó – ''Die Leiden des jungen Werthers'' –, ach de ''The Catcher in the Rye'' le [[J. D. Salinger]] freisin, agus de ''Cré na Cille'', cé nach dócha go raibh fáil ar aistriúchán Gearmáinise de mhórshaothar an Chadhnaigh sa bhliain 1972, nuair a bhí Plenzdorf i mbun pinn in Oirthear na Gearmáine.<ref name=":1" /> == Sliocht == Breathnaigh ar an sliocht seo, ina bhfuil fear inste an scéil, Edgar, ag magadh faoi bhailiúchán leabhar Dieter, an fear lena bhfuil Charlie, an bhean a bhfuil Edgar i ngrá léi, geallta. Is é an chaoi go bhfuil na leabhair ordaithe de réir a méid ar na seilfeanna ag Dieter.<blockquote>‘Gan dabht bhí na leabhair chlúiteacha sin uilig go léir aige. Marx, Engels, Lenin agus a leithéidí, iad uilig in aice lena chéile. Ní raibh rud ar bith agamsa i gcoinne Lenin agus an cineál sin daoine. Ní raibh rud ar bith agam i gcoinne an chumannachais ach oiread, deireadh a chur le dúshaothrú a dhéanamh ar chuile dhuine agus an cineál sin ruda. Ní raibh mé ina choinne sin. Ach chuile shórt eile. Leabhair a ordú de réir a méid mar shampla.’</blockquote>Déanann an abairtín beag bídeach sin ‘Ach chuile shórt eile’ sárjab. An dtagraíonn sé don abairt a thagann ina dhiaidh (leabhair a ordú de réir a méid) nó don abairt a thagann roimhe, agus an amhlaidh gur cáineadh ar ‘chuile shórt eile a bhaineann leis an gcumannachas’ atá i gceist? An slad agus an marú a rinneadh ar na milliúin agus na srianta dochta ar shaoirse an duine?<ref name=":1" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] * [[Cré na Cille]] * [[Máirtín Ó Cadhain]] * [[J. D. Salinger]] * [[An Ghearmáin Thoir]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Litríocht na Gearmáine]] [[Catagóir:An Ghearmáin Thoir]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Gearmánacha]] [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta greannmhara]] [[Catagóir:Aoir]] [[Catagóir:Cumannachas]] [[Catagóir:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[Catagóir:Cré na Cille]] r5gq66yjwxjjn08hmwstm6pos0eha4r 0 128407 1327885 2026-09-12T21:10:59Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[The New Sorrows of Young W.]] go [[Die neuen Leiden des jungen W.]] 1327885 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Die neuen Leiden des jungen W.]] on44cn92tt4ub0qfx0zljwjva98gluk