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Cleachdaiche:PK2/sandbox
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2026-06-01T23:17:42Z
PK2
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add sandbox pages for new Wikipedia editions
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{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%"
|+ Pages I have in my sandbox
|-
| [[User:PK2/Template:Infobox Country|/Template:Infobox Country]]
|}
;<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:85%">My sandbox pages in different languages by language code</div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ A
|-
| [[:ab:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]<br />(code: <code>ab</code>)
| [[:ace:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Acehnese language|Acehnese]]<br />(code: <code>ace</code>)
| [[:ady:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Adyghe language|Adyghe]]<br />(code: <code>ady</code>)
| [[:af:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]<br />(code: <code>af</code>)
| [[:als:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Alemannic German|Alemannic German]]<br />(code: <code>als</code>)
| [[:alt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Altai language|Southern Altai]]<br />(code: <code>alt</code>)
| [[:am:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Amharic|Amharic]]<br />(code: <code>am</code>)
| [[:ami:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Amis language|Amis]]<br />(code: <code>ami</code>)
| [[:an:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aragonese language|Aragonese]]<br />(code: <code>an</code>)
| [[:ang:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Old English|Old English]]<br />(code: <code>ang</code>)
|-
| [[:ann:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Obolo language|Obolo]]<br />(code: <code>ann</code>)
| [[:anp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Angika|Angika]]<br />(code: <code>anp</code>)
| [[:ar:User:PK2/ملعب|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]]<br />(code: <code>ar</code>)
| [[:arc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aramaic|Aramaic]] ([[:en:Syriac language|Syriac]])<br />(code: <code>arc</code>)
| [[:ary:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Moroccan Arabic|Moroccan Arabic]]<br />(code: <code>ary</code>)
| [[:arz:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic]]<br />(code: <code>arz</code>)
| [[:as:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Assamese language|Assamese]]<br />(code: <code>as</code>)
| [[:ast:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]] ([[:en:Asturian language|Asturian]])<br />(code: <code>ast</code>)
| [[:atj:User:PK2/Kokwetcitasinahikan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]]<br />(code: <code>atj</code>)
| [[:av:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Avar language|Avar]]<br />(code: <code>av</code>)
|-
| [[:avk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kotava|Kotava]]<br />(code: <code>avk</code>)
| [[:awa:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Awadhi language|Awadhi]]<br />(code: <code>awa</code>)
| [[:ay:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aymara language|Aymara]]<br />(code: <code>ay</code>)
| [[:az:User:PK2/Qaralama|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]<br />(code: <code>az</code>)
| [[:azb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Azerbaijani language#South Azerbaijani|South Azerbaijani]]<br />(code: <code>azb</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ B
|-
| [[:ba:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bashkir language|Bashkir]]<br />(code: <code>ba</code>)
| [[:ban:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Balinese language|Balinese]]<br />(code: <code>ban</code>)
| [[:bar:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bavarian language|Bavarian]]<br />(code: <code>bar</code>)
| [[:bat-smg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Samogitian language|Samogitian]]<br />(code: <code>bat-smg</code>)
| [[:bbc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Toba Batak language|Toba Batak]]<br />(code: <code>bbc</code>)
| [[:bcl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Bikol|Central Bikol]]<br />(code: <code>bcl</code>)
| [[:bdr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sama–Bajaw languages|West Coast Bajau]]<br />(code: <code>bdr</code>)
| [[:be:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Belarusian language|Belarusian]]<br />(code: <code>be</code>)
| [[:be-tarask:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Belarusian language|Belarusian]] ([[:en:Taraškievica|Taraškievica]])<br />(code: <code>be-tarask</code>)
| [[:bew:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Betawi language|Betawi]]<br />(code: <code>bew</code>)
|-
| [[:bg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]<br />(code: <code>bg</code>)
| [[:bh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bihari languages|Bihari]] ([[:en:Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]])<br />(code: <code>bh</code>)
| [[:bi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bislama|Bislama]]<br />(code: <code>bi</code>)
| [[:bjn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Banjarese language|Banjarese]]<br />(code: <code>bjn</code>)
| [[:blk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pa'O language|Pa'O]]<br />(code: <code>blk</code>)
| [[:bm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bambara language|Bambara]]<br />(code: <code>bm</code>)
| [[:bn:User:PK2/খেলাঘর|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />(code: <code>bn</code>)
| [[:bo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Tibetan|Central Tibetan]] ([[:en:Lhasa Tibetan|Lhasa Tibetan]])<br />(code: <code>bo</code>)
| [[:bpy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bishnupriya Manipuri|Bishnupriya Manipuri]]<br />(code: <code>bpy</code>)
| [[:br:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Breton language|Breton]]<br />(code: <code>br</code>)
|-
| [[:bs:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bosnian language|Bosnian]]<br />(code: <code>bs</code>)
| [[:btm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mandailing Batak language|Mandailing Batak]]<br />(code: <code>btm</code>)
| [[:bug:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Buginese language|Buginese]]<br />(code: <code>bug</code>)
| [[:bxr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Buryat language|Buryat]] (Russia Buriat)<br />(code: <code>bxr</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ C
|-
| [[:ca:User:PK2/proves|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Catalan language|Catalan]]<br />(code: <code>ca</code>)
| [[:cbk-zam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chavacano|Chavacano]] (Zamboanga)<br />(code: <code>cbk-zam</code>)
| [[:cdo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]]<br />(code: <code>cdo</code>)
| [[:ce:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chechen language|Chechen]]<br />(code: <code>ce</code>)
| [[:ceb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cebuano language|Cebuano]]<br />(code: <code>ceb</code>)
| [[:ch:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chamorro language|Chamorro]]<br />(code: <code>ch</code>)
| [[:chr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cherokee language|Cherokee]]<br />(code: <code>chr</code>)
| [[:chy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cheyenne language|Cheyenne]]<br />(code: <code>chy</code>)
|-
| [[:ckb:User:PK2/خۆڵەپەتانێ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kurdish language|Kurdish]] ([[:en:Sorani|Sorani]])<br />(code: <code>ckb</code>)
| [[:co:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Corsican language|Corsican]]<br />(code: <code>co</code>)
| [[:crh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]]<br />(code: <code>crh</code>)
| [[:cs:User:PK2/Pískoviště|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Czech language|Czech]]<br />(code: <code>cs</code>)
| [[:csb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kashubian language|Kashubian]]<br />(code: <code>csb</code>)
| [[:cu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Old Church Slavonic|Old Church Slavonic]]<br />(code: <code>cu</code>)
| [[:cv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chuvash language|Chuvash]]<br />(code: <code>cv</code>)
| [[:cy:User:PK2/Pwll Tywod|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Welsh language|Welsh]]<br />(code: <code>cy</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ D
|-
| [[:da:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Danish language|Danish]]<br />(code: <code>da</code>)
| [[:dag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dagbani language|Dagbani]]<br />(code: <code>dag</code>)
| [[:de:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:German language|German]]<br />(code: <code>de</code>)
| [[:dga:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dagaare language|Dagaare]]<br />(code: <code>dga</code>)
| [[:din:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dinka language|Dinka]]<br />(code: <code>din</code>)
| [[:diq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zaza language|Zaza]]<br />(code: <code>diq</code>)
| [[:dsb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]<br />(code: <code>dsb</code>)
| [[:dtp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dusun language|Dusun]]<br />(code: <code>dtp</code>)
| [[:dty:User:PK2/प्रयोगस्थल|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Doteli|Doteli]]<br />(code: <code>dty</code>)
| [[:dv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maldivian language|Maldivian]]<br />(code: <code>dv</code>)
| [[:dz:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dzongkha|Dzongkha]]<br />(code: <code>dz</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ E
|-
| [[:ee:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ewe language|Ewe]]<br />(code: <code>ee</code>)
| [[:el:User:PK2/πρόχειρο|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Greek language|Greek]]<br />(code: <code>el</code>)
| [[:eml:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Emilian–Romagnol|Emilian–Romagnol]]<br />(code: <code>eml</code>)
| [[:en:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:English language|English]]<br />(code: <code>en</code>)
| [[:eo:User:PK2/provejo|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Esperanto|Esperanto]]<br />(code: <code>eo</code>)
| [[:es:User:PK2/Taller|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Spanish language|Spanish]]<br />(code: <code>es</code>)
| [[:et:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Estonian language|Estonian]]<br />(code: <code>et</code>)
| [[:eu:User:PK2/Proba orria|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Basque language|Basque]]<br />(code: <code>eu</code>)
| [[:ext:User:PK2/obraol|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]]<br />(code: <code>ext</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ F
|-
| [[:fa:User:PK2/صفحه تمرین|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Persian language|Persian]]<br />(code: <code>fa</code>)
| [[:fat:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Akan language|Akan]] ([[:en:Fante dialect|Fante]])<br />(code: <code>fat</code>)
| [[:ff:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fula language|Fula]]<br />(code: <code>ff</code>)
| [[:fi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Finnish language|Finnish]]<br />(code: <code>fi</code>)
| [[:fiu-vro:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Võro language|Võro]]<br />(code: <code>fiu-vro</code>)
| [[:fj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fijian language|Fijian]]<br />(code: <code>fj</code>)
| [[:fo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Faroese language|Faroese]]<br />(code: <code>fo</code>)
| [[:fon:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fon language|Fon]]<br />(code: <code>fon</code>)
| [[:fr:User:PK2/Brouillon|/sandbox]] in [[:en:French language|French]]<br />(code: <code>fr</code>)
| [[:frp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Franco-Provençal|Franco-Provençal]]<br />(code: <code>frp</code>)
| [[:frr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:North Frisian language|North Frisian]]<br />(code: <code>frr</code>)
| [[:fur:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Friulian language|Friulian]]<br />(code: <code>fur</code>)
| [[:fy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:West Frisian language|West Frisian]]<br />(code: <code>fy</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ G
|-
| [[:ga:User:PK2/Clár Dubh|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Irish language|Irish]]<br />(code: <code>ga</code>)
| [[:gag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gagauz language|Gagauz]]<br />(code: <code>gag</code>)
| [[:gan:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gan Chinese|Gan Chinese]]<br />(code: <code>gan</code>)
| [[:gcr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:French Guianese Creole|French Guianese Creole]]<br />(code: <code>gcr</code>)
| [[:gd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Scottish Gaelic|Scottish Gaelic]]<br />(code: <code>gd</code>)
| [[:gl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Galician language|Galician]]<br />(code: <code>gl</code>)
| [[:glk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gilaki language|Gilaki]]<br />(code: <code>glk</code>)
| [[:gn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Guarani language|Guarani]]<br />(code: <code>gn</code>)
| [[:gom:User:PK2/proiogpan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Konkani language|Konkani]] (Goan Konkani)<br />(code: <code>gom</code>)
|-
| [[:gor:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gorontalo language|Gorontalo]]<br />(code: <code>gor</code>)
| [[:got:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gothic language|Gothic]]<br />(code: <code>got</code>)
| [[:gpe:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ghanaian Pidgin English|Ghanaian Pidgin English]]<br />(code: <code>gpe</code>)
| [[:gu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br />(code: <code>gu</code>)
| [[:guc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wayuu language|Wayuu]]<br />(code: <code>guc</code>)
| [[:gur:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Farefare language|Farefare]]<br />(code: <code>gur</code>)
| [[:guw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gun language|Gun]]<br />(code: <code>guw</code>)
| [[:gv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Manx language|Manx]]<br />(code: <code>gv</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ H
|-
| [[:ha:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hausa language|Hausa]]<br />(code: <code>ha</code>)
| [[:hak:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hakka Chinese|Hakka Chinese]]<br />(code: <code>hak</code>)
| [[:haw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]<br />(code: <code>haw</code>)
| [[:he:User:PK2/טיוטה|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hebrew language|Hebrew]]<br />(code: <code>he</code>)
| [[:hi:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]]<br />(code: <code>hi</code>)
| [[:hif:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fiji Hindi|Fiji Hindi]]<br />(code: <code>hif</code>)
| [[:hr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Croatian language|Croatian]]<br />(code: <code>hr</code>)
| [[:hsb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]]<br />(code: <code>hsb</code>)
| [[:ht:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]<br />(code: <code>ht</code>)
| [[:hu:User:PK2/próbalap|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]<br />(code: <code>hu</code>)
| [[:hy:User:PK2/Ավազարկղ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Armenian language|Armenian]] ([[:en:Eastern Armenian|Eastern Armenian]])<br />(code: <code>hy</code>)
| [[:hyw:User:PK2/Սեւագրութիւն|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Western Armenian|Western Armenian]]<br />(code: <code>hyw</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ I
|-
| [[:ia:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Interlingua|Interlingua]]<br />(code: <code>ia</code>)
| [[:iba:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Iban language|Iban]]<br />(code: <code>iba</code>)
| [[:id:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Indonesian language|Indonesian]]<br />(code: <code>id</code>)
| [[:ie:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Interlingue|Interlingue]]<br />(code: <code>ie</code>)
| [[:ig:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Igbo language|Igbo]]<br />(code: <code>ig</code>)
| [[:igl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Igala language|Igala]]<br />(code: <code>igl</code>)
| [[:ik:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Iñupiaq language|Iñupiaq]]<br />(code: <code>ik</code>)
| [[:ilo:User:PK2/pagipadasan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ilocano language|Ilocano]]<br />(code: <code>ilo</code>)
| [[:inh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ingush language|Ingush]]<br />(code: <code>inh</code>)
| [[:io:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ido|Ido]]<br />(code: <code>io</code>)
| [[:is:User:PK2/sandkassi|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Icelandic language|Icelandic]]<br />(code: <code>is</code>)
| [[:it:User:PK2/Sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Italian language|Italian]]<br />(code: <code>it</code>)
| [[:iu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Inuktitut|Inuktitut]]<br />(code: <code>iu</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ J
|-
| [[:ja:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Japanese language|Japanese]]<br />(code: <code>ja</code>)
| [[:jam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Jamaican Patois|Jamaican Patois]]<br />(code: <code>jam</code>)
| [[:jbo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lojban|Lojban]]<br />(code: <code>jbo</code>)
| [[:jv:User:PK2/bak wedhi|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Javanese language|Javanese]]<br />(code: <code>jv</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ K
|-
| [[:ka:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Georgian language|Georgian]]<br />(code: <code>ka</code>)
| [[:kaa:User:PK2/qaralama|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karakalpak language|Karakalpak]]<br />(code: <code>kaa</code>)
| [[:kab:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabyle language|Kabyle]]<br />(code: <code>kab</code>)
| [[:kai:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karai-karai|Karai-karai]]<br />(code: <code>kai</code>)
| [[:kaj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Jju language|Jju]]<br />(code: <code>kaj</code>)
| [[:kbd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabardian language|Kabardian]]<br />(code: <code>kbd</code>)
| [[:kbp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabiye language|Kabiye]]<br />(code: <code>kbp</code>)
| [[:kcg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tyap|Tyap]]<br />(code: <code>kcg</code>)
| [[:kg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kongo language|Kongo]]<br />(code: <code>kg</code>)
| [[:kge:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komering language|Komering]]<br />(code: <code>kge</code>)
| [[:ki:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kikuyu language|Kikuyu]]<br />(code: <code>ki</code>)
| [[:kk:User:PK2/зертхана|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kazakh language|Kazakh]]<br />(code: <code>kk</code>)
| [[:km:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Khmer language|Khmer]]<br />(code: <code>km</code>)
|-
| [[:kn:User:PK2/ಪ್ರಯೋಗಪುಟ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kannada|Kannada]]<br />(code: <code>kn</code>)
| [[:knc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Kanuri|Central Kanuri]]<br />(code: <code>knc</code>)
| [[:ko:User:PK2/연습장|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Korean language|Korean]]<br />(code: <code>ko</code>)
| [[:koi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]]<br />(code: <code>koi</code>)
| [[:krc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karachay-Balkar|Karachay-Balkar]]<br />(code: <code>krc</code>)
| [[:ks:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]<br />(code: <code>ks</code>)
| [[:ksh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]<br />(code: <code>ksh</code>)
| [[:ku:User:PK2/ceribandin|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kurdish language|Kurdish]] ([[:en:Kurmanji|Kurmanji]])<br />(code: <code>ku</code>)
| [[:kus:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kusaal language|Kusaal]]<br />(code: <code>kus</code>)
| [[:kv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komi language|Komi]]<br />(code: <code>kv</code>)
| [[:kw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cornish language|Cornish]]<br />(code: <code>kw</code>)
| [[:ky:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]<br />(code: <code>ky</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ L
|-
| [[:la:User:PK2/Harenarium|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latin|Latin]]<br />(code: <code>la</code>)
| [[:lad:User:PK2/Kutí de prova|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Judaeo-Spanish|Judaeo-Spanish]]<br />(code: <code>lad</code>)
| [[:lb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Luxembourgish|Luxembourgish]]<br />(code: <code>lb</code>)
| [[:lbe:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lak language|Lak]]<br />(code: <code>lbe</code>)
| [[:lez:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lezgian language|Lezgian]]<br />(code: <code>lez</code>)
| [[:lfn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lingua Franca Nova|Lingua Franca Nova]]<br />(code: <code>lfn</code>)
| [[:lg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Luganda|Luganda]]<br />(code: <code>lg</code>)
| [[:li:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Limburgish|Limburgish]]<br />(code: <code>li</code>)
|-
| [[:lij:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ligurian language|Ligurian]]<br />(code: <code>lij</code>)
| [[:lld:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ladin language|Ladin]]<br />(code: <code>lld</code>)
| [[:lmo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lombard language|Lombard]]<br />(code: <code>lmo</code>)
| [[:ln:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lingala|Lingala]]<br />(code: <code>ln</code>)
| [[:lo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lao language|Lao]]<br />(code: <code>lo</code>)
| [[:lt:User:PK2/juodraštis|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]<br />(code: <code>lt</code>)
| [[:ltg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latgalian language|Latgalian]]<br />(code: <code>ltg</code>)
| [[:lv:User:PK2/Smilšu kaste|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latvian language|Latvian]]<br />(code: <code>lv</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ M
|-
| [[:mad:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Madurese language|Madurese]]<br />(code: <code>mad</code>)
| [[:mai:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maithili language|Maithili]]<br />(code: <code>mai</code>)
| [[:map-bms:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Javanese language|Javanese]] ([[:en:Banyumasan dialect|Banyumasan]])<br />(code: <code>map-bms</code>)
| [[:mdf:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Moksha language|Moksha]]<br />(code: <code>mdf</code>)
| [[:mg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malagasy language|Malagasy]]<br />(code: <code>mg</code>)
| [[:mhr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Meadow Mari language|Meadow Mari]]<br />(code: <code>mhr</code>)
| [[:mi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Māori language|Māori]]<br />(code: <code>mi</code>)
| [[:min:User:PK2/bak kasiak|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]]<br />(code: <code>min</code>)
| [[:mk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Macedonian language|Macedonian]]<br />(code: <code>mk</code>)
| [[:ml:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malayalam|Malayalam]]<br />(code: <code>ml</code>)
| [[:mn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mongolian language|Mongolian]]<br />(code: <code>mn</code>)
|-
| [[:mni:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Meitei language|Meitei]]<br />(code: <code>mni</code>)
| [[:mnw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mon language|Mon]]<br />(code: <code>mnw</code>)
| [[:m:mos:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mooré|Mooré]]<br />(code: <code>mos</code>)
| [[:mr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />(code: <code>mr</code>)
| [[:mrj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hill Mari language|Hill Mari]]<br />(code: <code>mrj</code>)
| [[:ms:User:PK2/Kotak pasir|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malay language|Malay]]<br />(code: <code>ms</code>)
| [[:mt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maltese language|Maltese]]<br />(code: <code>mt</code>)
| [[:mwl:User:PK2/Testes|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mirandese language|Mirandese]]<br />(code: <code>mwl</code>)
| [[:my:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Burmese language|Burmese]]<br />(code: <code>my</code>)
| [[:myv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Erzya language|Erzya]]<br />(code: <code>myv</code>)
| [[:mzn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mazanderani language|Mazanderani]]<br />(code: <code>mzn</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ N
|-
| [[:nah:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nahuatl|Nahuatl]]<br />(code: <code>nah</code>)
| [[:nap:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]]<br />(code: <code>nap</code>)
| [[:nds:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Low German|Low German]]<br />(code: <code>nds</code>)
| [[:nds-nl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dutch Low Saxon|Dutch Low Saxon]]<br />(code: <code>nds-nl</code>)
| [[:ne:User:PK2/प्रयोगस्थल|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nepali language|Nepali]]<br />(code: <code>ne</code>)
| [[:new:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Newar language|Newar]]<br />(code: <code>new</code>)
| [[:nia:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nias language|Nias]]<br />(code: <code>nia</code>)
| [[:nl:User:PK2/Kladblok|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dutch language|Dutch]]<br />(code: <code>nl</code>)
| [[:nn:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[:en:Nynorsk|Nynorsk]])<br />(code: <code>nn</code>)
|-
| [[:no:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[:en:Bokmål|Bokmål]])<br />(code: <code>no</code>)
| [[:nov:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Novial|Novial]]<br />(code: <code>nov</code>)
| [[:nqo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:N'Ko language|N'Ko]]<br />(code: <code>nqo</code>)
| [[:nr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Ndebele language|Southern Ndebele]]<br />(code: <code>nr</code>)
| [[:nrm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norman language|Norman]]<br />(code: <code>nrm</code>)
| [[:nso:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Northern Sotho|Northern Sotho]]<br />(code: <code>nso</code>)
| [[:nup:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nupe language|Nupe]]<br />(code: <code>nup</code>)
| [[:nv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Navajo language|Navajo]]<br />(code: <code>nv</code>)
| [[:ny:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chewa language|Chewa]]<br />(code: <code>ny</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ O
|-
| [[:oc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Occitan language|Occitan]]<br />(code: <code>oc</code>)
| [[:olo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Livvi-Karelian language|Livvi-Karelian]]<br />(code: <code>olo</code>)
| [[:om:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Oromo language|Oromo]]<br />(code: <code>om</code>)
| [[:or:User:PK2/ପରଖଘର|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Odia language|Odia]]<br />(code: <code>or</code>)
| [[:os:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ossetian language|Ossetian]]<br />(code: <code>os</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ P
|-
| [[:pa:User:PK2/ਕੱਚਾ ਖ਼ਾਕਾ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br />(code: <code>pa</code>)
| [[:pag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]]<br />(code: <code>pag</code>)
| [[:pam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]]<br />(code: <code>pam</code>)
| [[:pap:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Papiamento|Papiamento]]<br />(code: <code>pap</code>)
| [[:pcd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Picard language|Picard]]<br />(code: <code>pcd</code>)
| [[:pcm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nigerian Pidgin|Nigerian Pidgin]]<br />(code: <code>pcm</code>)
| [[:pdc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania Dutch]]<br />(code: <code>pdc</code>)
| [[:pfl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Palatine German dialects|Palatine German]]<br />(code: <code>pfl</code>)
| [[:pi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pali|Pali]]<br />(code: <code>pi</code>)
|-
| [[:pl:User:PK2/brudnopis|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Polish language|Polish]]<br />(code: <code>pl</code>)
| [[:pms:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]]<br />(code: <code>pms</code>)
| [[:pnb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (Western Punjabi)<br />(code: <code>pnb</code>)
| [[:pnt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pontic Greek|Pontic Greek]]<br />(code: <code>pnt</code>)
| [[:ppl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nawat language|Nawat]]<br />(code: <code>ppl</code>)
| [[:ps:User:PK2/ازمونمخ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pashto|Pashto]]<br />(code: <code>ps</code>)
| [[:pt:User:PK2/Testes|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]<br />(code: <code>pt</code>)
| [[:pwn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Paiwan language|Paiwan]]<br />(code: <code>pwn</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ Q
|-
| [[:qu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Quechuan languages|Quechua]] ([[:en:Southern Quechua|Southern Quechua]])<br />(code: <code>qu</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ R
|-
| [[:rki:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Rakhine language|Rakhine]]<br />(code: <code>rki</code>)
| [[:rm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romansh language|Romansh]]<br />(code: <code>rm</code>)
| [[:rmy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romani language|Romani]] ([[:en:Vlax Romani language|Vlax Romani]])<br />(code: <code>rmy</code>)
| [[:rn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kirundi|Kirundi]]<br />(code: <code>rn</code>)
| [[:ro:User:PK2/teste|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romanian language|Romanian]]<br />(code: <code>ro</code>)
| [[:roa-rup:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aromanian language|Aromanian]]<br />(code: <code>roa-rup</code>)
| [[:roa-tara:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] ([[:en:Tarantino dialect|Tarantino]])<br />(code: <code>roa-tara</code>)
| [[:rsk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pannonian Rusyn|Pannonian Rusyn]]<br />(code: <code>rsk</code>)
| [[:ru:User:PK2/Черновик|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Russian language|Russian]]<br />(code: <code>ru</code>)
| [[:rue:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Rusyn language|Rusyn]]<br />(code: <code>rue</code>)
| [[:rw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]<br />(code: <code>rw</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ S
|-
| [[:sa:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठम्|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]<br />(code: <code>sa</code>)
| [[:sah:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yakut language|Yakut]]<br />(code: <code>sah</code>)
| [[:sat:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Santali language|Santali]]<br />(code: <code>sat</code>)
| [[:sc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sardinian language|Sardinian]]<br />(code: <code>sc</code>)
| [[:scn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sicilian language|Sicilian]]<br />(code: <code>scn</code>)
| [[:sco:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Scots language|Scots]]<br />(code: <code>sco</code>)
| [[:sd:User:PK2/مشق پٽي|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sindhi language|Sindhi]]<br />(code: <code>sd</code>)
| [[:se:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Northern Sámi|Northern Sámi]]<br />(code: <code>se</code>)
| [[:sg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sango language|Sango]]<br />(code: <code>sg</code>)
| [[:sh:User:PK2/igralište|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Serbo-Croatian|Serbo-Croatian]]<br />(code: <code>sh</code>)
| [[:shi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shilha language|Shilha]]<br />(code: <code>shi</code>)
|-
| [[:shn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shan language|Shan]]<br />(code: <code>shn</code>)
| [[:si:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sinhala language|Sinhala]]<br />(code: <code>si</code>)
| [[:simple:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Basic English|Basic English]]<br />(code: <code>simple</code>)
| [[:sk:User:PK2/pieskovisko|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Slovak language|Slovak]]<br />(code: <code>sk</code>)
| [[:skr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Saraiki language|Saraiki]]<br />(code: <code>skr</code>)
| [[:sl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Slovene language|Slovene]]<br />(code: <code>sl</code>)
| [[:sm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Samoan language|Samoan]]<br />(code: <code>sm</code>)
| [[:smn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Inari Sámi language|Inari Sámi]]<br />(code: <code>smn</code>)
| [[:sn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shona language|Shona]]<br />(code: <code>sn</code>)
| [[:so:User:PK2/Bacaadka|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Somali language|Somali]]<br />(code: <code>so</code>)
| [[:sq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Albanian language|Albanian]]<br />(code: <code>sq</code>)
|-
| [[:sr:User:PK2/песак|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Serbian language|Serbian]]<br />(code: <code>sr</code>)
| [[:srn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sranan Tongo|Sranan Tongo]]<br />(code: <code>srn</code>)
| [[:ss:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swazi language|Swazi]]<br />(code: <code>ss</code>)
| [[:st:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sotho language|Sotho]]<br />(code: <code>st</code>)
| [[:stq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]<br />(code: <code>stq</code>)
| [[:su:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sundanese language|Sundanese]]<br />(code: <code>su</code>)
| [[:sv:User:PK2/sandlåda|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swedish language|Swedish]]<br />(code: <code>sv</code>)
| [[:sw:User:PK2/ukurasa wa majaribio|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swahili language|Swahili]]<br />(code: <code>sw</code>)
| [[:syl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sylheti language|Sylheti]]<br />(code: <code>syl</code>)
| [[:szl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Silesian language|Silesian]]<br />(code: <code>szl</code>)
| [[:szy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sakizaya language|Sakizaya]]<br />(code: <code>szy</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ T
|-
| [[:ta:User:PK2/மணல்தொட்டி|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />(code: <code>ta</code>)
| [[:tay:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Atayal language|Atayal]]<br />(code: <code>tay</code>)
| [[:tcy:User:PK2/ಕಲ್ಪುನ ಕಳ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tulu language|Tulu]]<br />(code: <code>tcy</code>)
| [[:tdd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tai Nuea language|Tai Nuea]]<br />(code: <code>tdd</code>)
| [[:te:User:PK2/ప్రయోగశాల|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />(code: <code>te</code>)
| [[:tet:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tetum language|Tetum]]<br />(code: <code>tet</code>)
| [[:tg:User:PK2/Сиёҳнавис|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tajik language|Tajik]]<br />(code: <code>tg</code>)
| [[:th:User:PK2/ทดลองเขียน|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Thai language|Thai]]<br />(code: <code>th</code>)
| [[:ti:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]]<br />(code: <code>ti</code>)
| [[:tig:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tigre language|Tigre]]<br />(code: <code>tig</code>)
| [[:tk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Turkmen language|Turkmen]]<br />(code: <code>tk</code>)
| [[:tl:User:PK2/burador|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tagalog language|Tagalog]]<br />(code: <code>tl</code>)
| [[:tly:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Talysh language|Talysh]]<br />(code: <code>tly</code>)
|-
| [[:tn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tswana language|Tswana]]<br />(code: <code>tn</code>)
| [[:to:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tongan language|Tongan]]<br />(code: <code>to</code>)
| [[:tok:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Toki Pona|Toki Pona]]<br />(code: <code>tok</code>)
| [[:tpi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]]<br />(code: <code>tpi</code>)
| [[:tr:User:PK2/deneme tahtası|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Turkish language|Turkish]]<br />(code: <code>tr</code>)
| [[:trv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Seediq language|Seediq]]<br />(code: <code>trv</code>)
| [[:ts:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tsonga language|Tsonga]]<br />(code: <code>ts</code>)
| [[:tt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tatar language|Tatar]]<br />(code: <code>tt</code>)
| [[:tum:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]]<br />(code: <code>tum</code>)
| [[:tw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Akan language|Akan]] (Twi)<br />(code: <code>tw</code>)
| [[:ty:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tahitian language|Tahitian]]<br />(code: <code>ty</code>)
| [[:tyv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tuvan language|Tuvan]]<br />(code: <code>tyv</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ U
|-
| [[:udm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Udmurt language|Udmurt]]<br />(code: <code>udm</code>)
| [[:ug:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Uyghur language|Uyghur]]<br />(code: <code>ug</code>)
| [[:uk:User:PK2/Чернетка|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]<br />(code: <code>uk</code>)
| [[:ur:User:PK2/تختۂ مشق|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Urdu|Urdu]]<br />(code: <code>ur</code>)
| [[:uz:User:PK2/qumloq|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Uzbek language|Uzbek]]<br />(code: <code>uz</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ V
|-
| [[:ve:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Venda language|Venda]]<br />(code: <code>ve</code>)
| [[:vec:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Venetian language|Venetian]]<br />(code: <code>vec</code>)
| [[:vep:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Veps language|Veps]]<br />(code: <code>vep</code>)
| [[:vi:User:PK2/nháp|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]<br />(code: <code>vi</code>)
| [[:vls:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:West Flemish|West Flemish]]<br />(code: <code>vls</code>)
| [[:vo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]<br />(code: <code>vo</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ W
|-
| [[:wa:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Walloon language|Walloon]]<br />(code: <code>wa</code>)
| [[:war:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Waray language|Waray]]<br />(code: <code>war</code>)
| [[:wo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wolof language|Wolof]]<br />(code: <code>wo</code>)
| [[:wuu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wu Chinese|Wu Chinese]]<br />(code: <code>wuu</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ X
|-
| [[:xal:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Oirat language|Oirat]] ([[:en:Kalmyk Oirat|Kalmyk Oirat]])<br />(code: <code>xal</code>)
| [[:xh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Xhosa language|Xhosa]]<br />(code: <code>xh</code>)
| [[:xmf:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]]<br />(code: <code>xmf</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ Y
|-
| [[:yi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yiddish|Yiddish]]<br />(code: <code>yi</code>)
| [[:yo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yoruba language|Yoruba]]<br />(code: <code>yo</code>)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%"
|+ Z
|-
| [[:za:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zhuang languages|Zhuang]] ([[:en:Standard Zhuang|Standard Zhuang]])<br />(code: <code>za</code>)
| [[:zea:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zeelandic|Zeelandic]]<br />(code: <code>zea</code>)
| [[:zgh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Standard Moroccan Amazigh|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]]<br />(code: <code>zgh</code>)
| [[:zh:User:PK2/沙盒|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chinese language|Chinese]] ([[:en:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]])<br />(code: <code>zh</code>)
| [[:zh-classical:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Classical Chinese|Classical Chinese]]<br />(code: <code>zh-classical</code>)
| [[:zh-min-nan:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Min|Southern Min]]<br />(code: <code>zh-min-nan</code>)
| [[:zh-yue:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cantonese|Cantonese]]<br />(code: <code>zh-yue</code>)
| [[:zu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zulu language|Zulu]]<br />(code: <code>zu</code>)
|}
lp46tuqculy11iy3hxgv2syc891yrll
Sgian-dubh
0
40998
583010
581991
2026-06-01T12:12:04Z
Akerbeltz
52
/* Faic cuideachd */
583010
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Faidhle:Scottish Stag Antler Sgian Dubh.jpg|thumb|Sgian-dubh le cas de chabar-fèidh]]
[[Faidhle:Sgian Dubh.jpg|thumb|Sgian-dubh air cas]]
Tha an '''sgian-dubh''' (IPA: [s̪kʲənˈt̪u]) (ann am Beurla gu tric mar ''skene-dhu'') na biodag (sgian bheag) air a bheil aon fhaobhar a chithear mar phàirt de dh'aodach Gàidhealach gu tric. Bhiodh daoine ga cleachdadh airson iomadh adhbhar, eadar biadh ithe no ullachadh agus mar inneal airson rudan eile a ghearradh, can ròpannan no fiodh agus mar bhall-airm airson dìon pearsanta.
Chan fhaicear an-diugh i ach mar phàirt de dh'[[Fèileadh|aodach Gàidhealach tradaiseanta]] fo bhann an osain leis an dùirn ri fhaicinn.
==Am freumh is litreachadh==
Ged is e dath dubh am prìomh-chiall aig an fhacal ''dubh'', tha ciall 'falaichte' aige cuideacd,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Am Faclair Beag |url=https://www.faclair.com/ |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> agus sin a' chiall a th' aige san fhacal ''sgian-dubh'' a-rèir nan sgeulachdan mun sgian seo agus cuideachd a' coimhead air faclan Gàidhlig eile mar ''dubh-sgeir'' (sgeir fhalaichte fon mhuir), ''dubh-fhacal'' (tòimhseachan) no ''dubh-cheist'' (ceist thoinnte gun fhreagairt).
Ged a tha ''sgian'' na ainmear boireann, cha chan daoine ''sgian dhubh'' ach mas e sgian àbhaisteach a tha dubh a tha fa-near dhaibh (mar eisimpleir, sgian-arain sa chidsin le dòrn dubh). Chan eil sèimheachadh air dubh a chionn 's gu bheil bacadh air sèimheachadh ann an ''sgian-dubh'' leis cho àrsaidh 's a tha ainm na sgeine àraidh seo, oir ann an Gàidhlig o shean, bhiodh bacadh air sèimheachadh ma bha ainmear a' crìochnachadh le consan fiaclach (dntls) is am buadhar na dhèidh a' tòiseachadh le consan fiaclach (dntls). Chithear an riaghailte reòithe seo cuideachd ann an ainmean-àite, mar eisimpleir, chan eil sèimheachadh air [[Dùn Dòmhnaill]] ged a bhios sèimheachadh air Dòmhnall san tuiseal ghinideach a ghnàth.
Ann am Beurla, chithear am facal seo ann an iomadh dòigh-litreachaidh, a' gabhail a-staigh "skene-dhu" agus "skean-dhu".<ref>"skene<sup>1</sup>" ''Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd edition, 1989. [http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50226218?query_type=word&queryword=skene&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&result_place=1&search_id=FOv8-3NMUCy-8022&hilite=50226218] (subscription required).</ref>
Ged is e ''sgianan-dubha'' an t-iolra ceart, chan fhaicear seo ach gu h-ainneamh ann am Beurla is cleachdaidh luchd na Beurla ''skene-dhus'' mar is trice no fiù ''skenes-dhu'' uaireannan.
==Eachdraidh==
[[File:Sir Henry Raeburn - Colonel Alastair Ranaldson Macdonell of Glengarry (1771 - 1828) - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Dealbh le [[Henry Raeburn]] dhe [[Alasdair MacRaghnaill Ghlinne Garaidh]] ann an 1812]]
Dh'fhaoidte gun èirich an sgian-dubh às an ''sgian-achlais'', biodag a chumadh daoine fon achlais aig àm. Bha an sgian-achlais cumanta ann an Alba san 17mh agus 18mh linn agus beagan nas motha na sgian-dubh ar latha agus mar is trice sa mhuinchill uachdarach no lìnigeadh bodhaig seacaid.<ref name=mmoa>{{cite book |last=Grancsay |first=Stephen Vincent |title=Arms & Armor: Essays From the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 1920–1964 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |year=1991 |location=New York |pages=82–83 |isbn=978-0-87099-338-1}}</ref>
A ghnàth, thugadh daoine ball-airm sam bith às na h-àitichean-falaich aca mus rachadh iad a-steach do thaigh caraid agus chuireadh iad iad gu follaiseach san stocainn chneapallach aca.<ref name=rcr>{{cite book |last=Ray |first=R. Celeste |title=Highland Heritage: Scottish Americans in the American South |url=https://archive.org/details/highlandheritage0000rayr |publisher=UNC Press Books |year=2001 |page=[https://archive.org/details/highlandheritage0000rayr/page/212 212] |isbn=978-0-8078-4913-2}}</ref>
Tha an sgian-dubh coltach ris an sgian-fheannaidh bheag a bhiodh sealgairean a chleachdadh agus chaidh a chleachdadh airson feannadh gu dearbh fhèin:
<blockquote>
Cha robh 'mhaileid doirbh r'a giulan, cha robh innte ach a' chlach theine agus am fada-spuinge, — sgian dubh a dh-fhionnadh nam fiadh, — ribe a ghlacadh an fhirein, ... <ref>''Sgeul mu Choire-na-Sìthe'' on leabhar ''A Course of Gaelic Grammar'' Reid, D. 1908</ref>
</blockquote>
Bhiodh seata de sgeinean aca, tè airson bùidsearachd a bhiodh mu 23 is 25 cm a dh'fhaid agus sgian airson feannadh a bhiodh mu 10 cm a dh'fhaid. Bhiodh cas de chabar-fèidh air na sgeinean seo a ghnàth agus sin a' chas a bhiodh aig sgian-dubh an toiseach cuideachd agus tha coltas gur e an sgian seo màthair na sgèine-dhuibhe.<ref name=eaa>{{cite book |last=Blair |first=Claude |title=European & American Arms, c. 1100–1850 |publisher=B. T. Batsfords |year=1962 |location =Virginia |pages=15–17 |isbn=978-0-8048-1684-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://irisharchaeology.ie/2013/03/the-waterford-knife/ |title=The Waterford Knife |work=Irish Archaeology |date=23 March 2013 |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knives.com/ireland_iron_age.html |title=Iron Age Ireland |last=Daithi |work=archive.org |access-date=27 December 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028201029/http://www.knives.com/ireland_iron_age.html |archive-date=28 October 2005}}</ref>
Tha sgeulachdan ann am beul-aithris cuideachd a th' aig innse dhuinn gun deach a chleachdadh airson bùidsearachd san fharsaingeachd, mar eisimpleir san sgeulachd ''Lachunn Òg mac Fhionghain agus an t-each-ursainn'':
<blockquote>
Ghabh Lachunn Og a sgian dubh agus gheàrr e ’n ceann bhàrr na coluinne agus ghlan se e aig tobar a bha faisg air, agus ris an abrar “Tobar a’ chinn” gus an latha ’n diugh.<ref>''Naigheachdan Fìrinneach'' le ''Fionn'' (1907)</ref>
</blockquote>
Chithear an sgian-dubh ann an iomadh portraid a rinneadh de dh'fhireannaich is èideadh Gàidhealach orra a-mach o mheadhan na 19mh linn. Tha portraid le [[Sir Henry Raeburn]] dhen chòirneal [[Alasdair MacRaghnaill MacDhòmhnaill Ghlinne Garaidh]] ann an [[Gaileireadh Nàiseanta na h-Alba]] agus anns an dealbh seo, tha biodag crochte ris a' chrios aige air a thaobh deas agus aig bàrr a stocainn dheas, tha paidhir de sgeinean-dubha. Tha sgian-dhubh gu math coltach ris sa chruinneachadh aig [[Taigh-tasgaidh Nàiseanta Bhall Àrsaidh na h-Alba]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sources.nli.ie/Record/PS_UR_088533|title=Holdings: Three Irish knife-daggers (from Co. Mayo).|work=nli.ie|year=1969 |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref>
==Saothrachadh==
[[File:Skean.jpg|thumb|Grunn sgeinean-dubha]]
Bha lannan nan sgeinean-dubha tràtha gu math eadar-dhealaichte. Bha [[rinn èirigh]] (mar a th' aig [[sgian MhicGilleBhuidhe]] no [[rinn laighe]] aig cuid ach an-diugh, 's e an rinn sleagha a tha as cumanta. Tha cuid dhe na lannan as sine ann an Taigh-tasgaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba air an dèanamh de stàilinn Lochlannach no Ghearmailteach, stàilinn a bhiodh na Gàidheil gu math dèidheil air. Tha obair-eighe chreachannach cumanta air druim lannan Albannach.
’S e truaill leathrach a chleachdar a ghnàth, air a dhaingneachadh le fiodh agus le obair-ealain airgid no meatailt eile orra, uaireannan le obair-ghràbhalaidh ach an-diugh, gheibhear truaillean cuideachd a tha nas sìmplidhe agus de stuthan nas saoire.
Leis nach cleachd daoine sgian-dubh an-diugh mar inneal airson gearradh no mar bhall-airm ach dìreach mar bhall-sgeadachaidh, tha na lannan gu math sìmplidh gu tric. Bidh iad de stàilinn neo-mheirgeach a ghnàth agus cas plastaig orra air a bheil coltas fiodha agus sgeadachadh. Tha fiù feadhainn ann nach eil nan sgeinean idir ach dìreach aon bhall-sgeadachaidh air a bheil coltas sgèine-duibhe. A dh'aindeoin sinn, tha feadhainn gu math daor ann a th' air an dèanamh de [[Dubh-fhiodh|dhubh-fhiodh]], fiodh boglaich, sgeadachadh airgid is mill le fìor chùirn-ghorma is lannan de stàilinn Dhamascus.
==Ceistean laghail==
Mar phàirt de dh'èideadh Gàidhealach, chan eil e an aghaidh an lagha sgian-dubh a bhith aig neach ann an Alba, Sasainn is sa Chuimrigh. Ann an Alba, ’s e [[Achd lagh eucoirean (Daingneachadh) (Alba) 1995]] earr. 49(5)(c) a tha buailteach;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/39/part/VI/crossheading/offensive-weapons |title=Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 |work=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref> agus ann an Sasainn is sa Chuimrigh ’s e an [[Criminal Justice Act 1988]] (earr. 139)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/33/contents |title=Criminal Justice Act 1988 |work=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref> agus [[Knife legislation#Offensive Weapons Act 1996|Offensive Weapons Act 1996]] (earr. 4) a tha buailteach.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/26/contents |title=Offensive Weapons Act 1996 |work=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref>
Ge-tà, ann an sgìrean far a bheil làn-chasg air buill-airm, bidh fiù an sgian-dubh toirmisgte. Mar eisimpleir, chaidh an toirmeasg aig dannsa sgoile ann an Alba,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scotsman.com/education/top-private-school-bans-sgian-dubhs-ahead-of-christmas-dance-1-1417293 |title=Top private school bans sgian-dubhs ahead of Christmas dance |date=26 November 2006 |publisher=[[The Scotsman]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> agus an toiseach, chaidh an toirmeasg o chomharradh [[Blàr Allt a' Bhonnaich]] san Ògmhios 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clans2014.com/no-more-sgian-dont-its-sgian-dubh-at-bannockburn/ |title=No More 'Sgian Dont!' Its Sgian Dubh at Bannockburn! |website=clans2014.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053359/http://www.clans2014.com/no-more-sgian-dont-its-sgian-dubh-at-bannockburn/ |access-date=15 June 2014 |archive-date=8 August 2014}}.</ref>
Chan eil iad ceadaichte ann an itealain a ghnàth a-nis agus feumar an cur sna màileidean a thèid am broinn an itealain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aviation.govt.nz/passenger-information/travelling-with-culturally-or-religiously-significant-items/|title=Travelling with culturally or religiously significant items|website=www.aviation.govt.nz|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tsa.gov/blog/2018/02/22/tsa-travel-tips-travelling-religious-cultural-items|title=TSA Travel Tips: Travelling with Religious & Cultural Items|website=www.tsa.gov|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.edinburghairport.com/help/faqs|title=Can I carry sharp-edged religious/cultural regalia/accessories (e.g. Kirpans, Sgian Dhub or Dirks) on my person or in my hand baggage?|publisher=Edinburgh Airport |access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref>
==Iomlaid bhiodag==
Tha dàn èibhinn a rinn [[Lachann Mac Theàrlaich Òig]] às an [[Eilean Sgitheanach]] ann am meadhan na 17mh linn a tha a' toirt iomradh air cleas tradaiseanta le sgeinean-dubha air a bheil ''iomlaid bhiodag'', nàdar de chrannchur. Anns a' chleas seo, thèid an solas a chur dheth agus tilgidh gach fear an sgian-dubh aige fo bhòrd. Thèid am measgachadh an uair sin agus thèid an làimh dheas aig fear a cheangal ri a chliathaich agus dallan a chur air is miotag air a làimh chlì. Thèid an dallan seo fon bhòrd an uair sin is bheir e sgian-dubh dha na fir, tè an dèidh a chèile, san aon òrdugh 's a thilg iad fon bhòrd e agus glèidhidh gach fear an sgian-dubh a gheibh e, ge be dè an tè a fhuair e.
Tha dà thionndadh caran eadar-dhealaichte againn:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sgian-dubh an Sprogain Chaim<ref>''Sàr-obair nam Bàrd Gaelach'' MacKenzie, John 1907</ref>
! A’ bhiodag thubaisteach<ref>''Comhchruinneacha do dh’Òrain Taghta'' Mac an Tuairneir, Pàdraig 1813</ref>
|-
|Dh’innsinn sgeul mu mhalairt dhuibh,<br>
Nam fanadh sibh gu fòill,<br>
Mar dh’èirich don chall bhreamais dhomh,<br>
Nuair chaidh mi do Dhùn Gleòis;<br>
Air bhith thall an Sgalpa dhomh,<br>
Air cuirm aig Lachann Òg;<br>
Fhuair mi bhiodag thubaisteach,<br>
Le a caisein-uchd bha mòr.<br>
<br>
Bu mhath a’ chuirm a bh’ ana-sin,<br>
’S mo bheannachd-sa na dèidh;<br>
’N fhear ud duine chunnaic i,<br>
A dhì-mol i gu lèir;<br>
Ach fhuair mi fhìn bloigh biodaig ann<br>
Nach tig an là nì feum,<br>
Is stiallaire mòr feòsaig oirr’,<br>
Mar fhear d’ a seòrsa fhèin.<br>
<br>
Mas oil leibh an athais ud,<br>
Gun robh i agaibh riamh;<br>
Loinidean is òghnaichean(?),<br>
An-còmhnaidh dhuibh bu bhiadh.<br>
Ged dhèanadh sibh cruinneachadh,<br>
Tuilleadh is còig ceud<br>
’S tearc fear gun chaisein-uchd aige,<br>
Cho gharbh ri torc-fiadh.<br>
<br>
Chuir an tìr seo ’n duileachd mi,<br>
Nuair chunnaic iad mar bha;<br>
Bha gach neach ga choisrigeadh,<br>
Ron dos a bh’ air a bàrr<br>
Bha sgonn do mhaide seilich innt’<br>
Bu ghèinnean là rinn fàs;<br>
Bheireadh saor neo-chronail aiste,<br>
Crosg den loinid bhàin.<br>
<br>
Chuir MacIonmhainn bàirlinn,<br>
An tràth seo ’mach san tìr,<br>
Chuir e na seachd barantais,<br>
Gu Donnchadh Mac a’ Phì<br>
Gabhail gu caol Arcaig leò,<br>
Mu 'n ghabh i tàmh sa 'n tir,<br>
’S a muinntir fhèin thoirt coinne dhi,<br>
'S gur soilleir i do m’ dhìth.<br>
<br>
Chan ion-mholaidh ghràbhata sin,<br>
Thug tu steach thar chaol.<br>
An t-arm a bha gun chaisrigeadh,<br>
’S a b’ olc leam air mo thaobh;<br>
’S mairg sliasaid air am facas i:<br>
A’ bhiodag phaiteach mhaol<br>
B’ iomlaideach air bhòrdaibh i,<br>
Sgian-dubh an sgòrnain chaoil.<br>
<br>
B’ i sud an bhiodag rosadach,<br>
A b’ olc leam air mo chliath,<br>
’S i ruadh-mheirg uile ’s coltas d’ i,<br>
Fo dhos de dh’fhionnadh liath,<br>
Bha maide reamhar gèinneach innt’<br>
’S car na h-amhaich fiar<br>
Cha ghearradh i sgiath cuileige,<br>
Le buille no le riach’.<br>
<br>
Nuair chaidh mi dh’iarraidh breathanais,<br>
Cha d’fhuair mi leithid riamh;<br>
Sin nuair thuirt an Sàileanach,<br>
Nuair chàirich e rium biast;<br>
Mathalt do chuirc Mhòr-thìrich,<br>
D’ am beil an roibein liath i<br>
Duirceall dubh gun fhaobhar,<br>
’N àm taobhadh ris a’ bhiadh.<br>
<br>
Bu mhath sa bhruthainn chaorainn i,<br>
’S a ’n caonnag nam fear mòr;<br>
’S e Fionn thug dhi an latha sin.<br>
An t-ath-bualadh na dhòrn;<br>
Thug e na brath-mhionnan sin,<br>
Nach dh’fhàg i duine beò;<br>
’S nach robh neach g’ am beanadh i,<br>
Nach gearradh i gu bhròig.<br>
<br>
Thuirt mi fhìn chan fhìor dhut sin,<br>
’S ann chaill thu d’ ciall le aois;<br>
Coid a chuimhne ’s faid’ agad,<br>
On stad i gu bhith maol;<br>
Chaidh mi air mo ghlùn d’ i,<br>
Mun do rùisg i rium a taobh;<br>
’S thug i na seachd sgairtean aist’,<br>
Gus ’n tug mac-talla glaodh.<br>
<br>
Bu cheithir bliadhna fichead d’ i,<br>
Bhith ’n cidsein mhorair gall;<br>
’S fhuair i urram còcaireachd,<br>
Thar mòran de na bh’ ann<br>
Bha MacAoidh ga teachdaireachd,<br>
Mun deach e chòmhraig theann,<br>
’S b’ fhèir meal anns a’ chogadh i,<br>
Sgian-dubh an sprogain chaim.<br>
<br>
Ged thigeadh Clann Dòmhnaill,<br>
’S na seòid a tha mu thuath,<br>
MacAoidh an tùs feachda leò,<br>
’S garbh-bhratach an taobh tuath;<br>
Nuair thig a’ bhratach Cheann Sàileach,<br>
’S a thairngnear rithe suas;<br>
’S tearc fear gun chaisein gaoiseid air,<br>
Bho smeig gu mhaodail sìos.
|Dh’innsinn sgeul mun mhalairt dhuibh,<br>
Na’m fanadh sibh gu fòill,<br>
Mar dh’èirich don chall bhreamais dhomh,<br>
Nuair chaidh mi do Dhùn Gleòis;<br>
Air bhith thall an Sgalpa dhomh,<br>
Air cuilm aig Lachann Òg;<br>
Fhuair mi bhiodag thubaisteach,<br>
Le a caisein-uchda mòr.<br>
<br>
Bu mhath a’ chuilm a bh’ ana-sin,<br>
’S mo bheannachd-sa na dèidh;<br>
Bha dùbhlan duine chunnaic i,<br>
Na dìomoladh gu lèir;<br>
Ach fhuair mi fhìn bloigh biodaig ann<br>
Nach tig an là nì feum,<br>
Is stiallaire mòr feòsaig oirr’,<br>
Mar fhear d’ a seòrta fhèin.<br>
<br>
Mas oil leibh an athais ud,<br>
Gun robh si agaibh riamh;<br>
Loinidean is òghnaichean,<br>
An-còmhnaidh dhuibh bu bhiadh.<br>
Ged dhèanadh sibh cruinneachadh,<br>
Tuille is còig ceud;<br>
’S tearc fear gun chaisein-uchd aige,<br>
Cho gharbh ri muice fiadh.<br>
<br>
Chuir an tìr seo ’n duileachd mi,<br>
Nuair chunnaic iad mar bha;<br>
Bha gach neach ga choisrigeadh,<br>
Ron dos a bha fa bàrr;<br>
Bha sgonn do mhaide seilich innt’;<br>
Bu gheinneanta rinn fàs;<br>
Thug an saor neo-chronail aist,<br>
Crois do loinid bhàin.<br>
<br>
Chuir MacIonmhainn bàirlinn,<br>
An tràth seo ’mach san tìr,<br>
Chuir e na seachd barantais,<br>
Gu Donnchadh Mac a’ Phì;<br>
Gabhail gu caol Arcaig leò,<br>
Mun ghabh i tàmh san tìr,<br>
’S a muinntir fhèin thoirt coinne dhi,<br>
’S gur soilleir i do m’ dhìth.<br>
<br>
Chan ion-mholaidh ghràbhata sin,<br>
Thug thu ’steach thar chaol,<br>
An t-arm a bha gun choisrigeadh,<br>
’S a b’ olc leam air mo thaobh;<br>
’S mairg sliasaid air am facas i,<br>
’S i bhiodag phaiteach mhaol;<br>
B’ iomlaideach air bhòrdaibh i,<br>
Sgian-dubh an sgòrnain chaoil.<br>
<br>
B’ i sud an t-arm gun choisrigeadh,<br>
’S a b’ olc leam air mo chliathaich,<br>
’S ruadh-mheirg uile ’s coltas d’ i,<br>
Fo dhos do dh’fhionnadh liath,<br>
Bha maide reamhar gèinneach innt’<br>
’S car na h-amhaich fiar<br>
Cha ghearradh i sgiath cuileige,<br>
Le buille no le sgrìob.<br>
<br>
Nuair chaidh mi dh’iarraidh breathanais,<br>
Cha d’fhuair mi a leithid riamh;<br>
Sin nuair thuirt an t-Sàileanach,<br>
’S ann chàirich e rium biast;<br>
Duirceach do chuirc Mhòr-thìrich,<br>
D’ a bheil an roibein liath;<br>
Duirceall dubh gun fhaobhar,<br>
’N àm taobhsainn ris a’ bhiadh.<br>
<br>
Bu mhath sa bhruthainn chaorainn i,<br>
’S a ’n caonnag nam fear mòr;<br>
’S e Fionn thug dhi an latha sin,<br>
An t-ath-bualadh na dhòrn;<br>
Thug i na brath-mhionnan sin,<br>
Nach d’fhàg i duine beo;<br>
’S nach robh neach g’ am beanadh i,<br>
Nach gearradh i gu bhròig.<br>
<br>
Thuirt mi fhìn nach b’ fhìor dhi siud,<br>
Gur h-ann chaill i a ciall le h-aois;<br>
Cò i a chuimhne ’s faid agad,<br>
Gun stad thu o bhith maol;<br>
Chaidh mi air mo ghlun d’ i,<br>
Mun do rùisg i rium a taobh;<br>
’S thug i na seachd sgairtean aist’,<br>
Gus ’n tug mac-talla glaodh.<br>
<br>
Bu cheithir bliadhna fichead d’ i,<br>
Bhith ’n cidsein mhorair gall;<br>
’S fhuair i urram còcaireachd,<br>
Thar mòran do na bh’ ann;<br>
Bha MacAoidh ga teachdaireachd,<br>
Mun deachaidh ’n chogadh theann,<br>
B’ iomlaideach sa chogadh i,<br>
Sgian-dubh an sprogain chaim.<br>
<br>
Ged thigeadh Clann Dòmhnaill,<br>
’S na seòid a tha mu thuath,<br>
MacAoidh an tùs feachda leò,<br>
’S garbh-bhratach an taobh tuath;<br>
Nuair thig a’ bhratach Cheann Tàlach,<br>
’S a thairngnear rithe suas;<br>
’S tearc fear gun chaisein-uchd gu chìochan air,<br>
Gu ruig’ giall a chluas.
|}
==Faoin-fhios==
[[File:KN Lorimer SgianDubh 1998.jpg|thumb|right|An t-itealan a dhealbh Lorimer]]
Dhealbh Hugh Lorimer, Albannach a bha an sàs itealain na ùine shaor, itealan fìor-aotrom a bha coltach ris an [[Putilow Stal-5]] Ruiseanach agus air an tug e ''Sgian Dubh'' mar ainm.
==Faic cuideachd==
*[[Biodad-achlais]]
==Reifreansan==
{{reflist}}
==Ceanglaichean dhan taobh a-muigh==
*[https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/37248?l=gd Tobar an Dualchais – Donnchadh Bàn ag iarraidh adharc gobhair airson cas sgèine-duibhe]{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Commons category|Sgian dubh}}
{{Wiktionary|sgian dubh}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sgian-Dubh}}
[[Roinn-seòrsa:Airm]]
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