Uicipeid gdwiki https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%AComh-Dhuilleag MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Meadhan Sònraichte Deasbaireachd Cleachdaiche Deasbaireachd a' chleachdaiche Uicipeid An deasbaireachd aig Uicipeid Faidhle Deasbaireachd an fhaidhle MediaWiki Deasbaireachd MediaWiki Teamplaid Deasbaireachd na teamplaid Cobhair Deasbaireachd na cobharach Roinn-seòrsa Deasbaireachd na roinn-seòrsa TimedText TimedText talk Mòideal Deasbaireachd mòideil Event Event talk 0 9339 583427 581661 2026-07-30T15:10:53Z InternetArchiveBot 23657 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 583427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faidhle:Ptolemaeus.jpg|thumb|250px|Dealbh as na [[Meadhan-Aoisean|Meadhon-Aoisean]] de Claudius Ptolemaeus]] [[File:Ptolemaeus - Quadripartitum, 1622 - 4658973.tif|thumb|''Quadripartitum'', 1622]] 'S e neach cruinne-eòlach ainmeil den linn "clasaigeachd" a tha ann an '''Claudius Ptolemaeus''' an t-Alesandriach: ([[Greugais]]: {{polytonic|Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος}}). Chailleadh a h-obraichean nuair a bha tìr mòr na h-[[Eòrpa]] na linn an dorchadas. Chaidh ath-lorg air a sgriobhaidhean mu thimcheall [[1409]] [[AC]], agus rè an tri-fichead bliadhna as dèidh sin rinneadh caochladh lethbhreacan (làimh-sgriobhta) dhaibh. Stèidhich chiad [[leabhar]] Ptolomaidh, am bun-phrionsabal de [[cruinn-eòlas]] chun latha an diugh: Daingneachadh de puingean air barr na talmhainn, agus dearbhadh de ''[[Co-chomharran an Domhain|Ear-astar]]'' agus ''Domhan-leud'' le [[reul]]-sgrudadh, cho fad 'us an gabhadh sin a dèanamh. Chan eil teagamh nach do bhròsnaich na sgriobhaidhaidhean de Ptolomaidh ath-leasachadh de cruinn-eòlais rè an [[15mh Linn]]. Bha cairtean-dheilbh an luib na sgriobhaidhean seo agus rinneadh lethbhreacan dhaibh còmhla. Cho trath ri 1479 bha cuid de na leth-bhreacan a nochdadh ''Tabulae Novae'' (Claran nan [[Reul]]) ùr, a chuir taic ri na cairtean-dhealbh Ptolomachd. == Làraich-lìn == * [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/home.html Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos at LacusCurtius] (Eadar-theangachadh Bheurla le aiste-inntrigidh) * [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/home.html Ptolemy's Geography at LacusCurtius] (Eadar-theangaichte dhan Bheurla, neo-criochnaichte) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130312004303/http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/III-2-F-b-2/V-1/page/0162.html.ja Extracts of Ptolemy on the country of the Seres (Siona)] (Eadar-theangachadh Beurla) == Tuilleadh Fiosrachadh == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090930143602/http://www.skyscript.co.uk/ptolemy.html Ptolemy at SkyScript] - ''The Life and Work of Ptolemy'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050411062830/http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~ajones/ptolgeog/ Alexander Jones, "Ptolemy and his ''Geography''"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050529010926/http://obs.nineplanets.org/psc/theman.html Ptolemy biography] (Bill Arnett's site) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080918003658/http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~fhasele/ptolemaeus/index.html Ptolemy's Geography] - Selected problems of Ptolemy's Geography (currently in German) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050506105504/http://www.fiks.de/rom/index.htm?rom10.htm Ptolemy's Geography of Northwestern Europe] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927055557/http://www.newberry.org/smith/slidesets/ss08.html History of Cartography] including a discussion of the Geographica * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130123132308/http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/76 Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy): Representation, Understanding, and Mathematical Labeling of the Spherical Earth] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080605001728/http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~fhasele/ptolemaeus/Frames/Literatur-Ptolemaeus.html Literature about the Geography (Geographike Hyphegesis) of Claudius Ptolemy] * [http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Eratosthenes.htm Eratosthenes of Cyrene - Some Remarks] [[Roinn-seòrsa:Eachdraidh]] krp5zlhu7wd4wn6stox12anipyuwkpm 0 17730 583428 553124 2026-07-31T10:59:37Z Redaktor GLAM 30414 Better quality version of image 583428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bogsa eachdraidh-bheatha}} B' e ceannard na Poblachd Ròmanach a bha ann an '''Gaius Iulius Caesar''' ([[IPA]]: '''ˈɡaː.i.ʊs ˈjuː.lɪ.ʊs ˈkaj.sar''', [[An Ròimh]], [[13 an t-Iuchar]] [[100 RC]]–An Ròimh, 15 am Màrt [[44 RC]]). == Beatha == Bha Iulius Caesar den teaghlach mhòr-uasal ''Gens Iulia'', seann teaghlach a tha stèidhichte air ban-dia [[Venus]] mar phrìomh-mhàthair. Lean Iulius Caesar dreuchd phoileataigeach oifigeil na Poblach Ròmanaiche: aig an toiseach mar Quaestor (69 neo 68 RC), an uair sin mar Aedilis curulis (65 RC) agus mar Praetor (62 RC). Chuir Caius Iulius Caesar, Gnaeus [[Pompeius]] agus Marcus Licinius [[Crassus]] trì-fir-caidreachais "Triumviratum" ri chèile anns a' bhliadhna [[60 RC]]. B' e Gnaeus Pompeius ceannard an Fheachd agus bha ionmhas ana-mhór aig Crassus. Phòs Pompeius Iulia, an aon nighean aig Caesar. Chaidh Caesar a thaghadh mar Chonsul na Poblachd Ròmanaiche ron ath bhliadhna [[59 RC]]. Chaidh e don Ghall mar cheannard-mhìleadh 58–50 RC agus chuir e a' Ghall gu léir fo smachd nan Ròmanach. Thig e do [[Breatann|Bhreatainn]] cuideachd. Sgrìobh e aithris mu cheannsachadh na Gaille agus s' e ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' an tiotal a th' air. Nuair a bha Iulius Caesar airson tilleadh don Ròimhe dh'adhbharaich e [[Cogadh sìobhalta|cogadh-catharra]] an aghaidh [[Pompeius|Phompeiuis]]. Chaidh Pompeius a mharbhadh anns [[An Èipheit]] [[48 RC]] agus bhuannaich Iulius Caesar an cogadh seo. Sgrìobh e aithris mun chogadh-catharra agus s' e ''Commentarii de Bello Civili'' an t-ainm a th' air. Thig Iulius Caesar don Èipheit agus bha e a' gaolaireachd còmhla ris a' bhanrigh [[Cleopatra|Kleopatra]]. Bha mac aca agus b' e [[Caesarion]] an far-ainm a bh' air. Rinn còmhlan de sheanairean fo cheannardas [[Brutus|Mharcuis Iuniuis Bhrutuis]] guim an aghaidh Chaesair anns an Ròimhe [[44 RC]] agus mharbh iad e an seo [[15 am Màrt]]. Ann an [[42 RC]] chaidh dia a dhèanamh a Chaesar "Divus Iulius" agus thog a mhac-peathar agus uchd-mhac Caius Octavius (an dèidh seo ainmichte [[Augustus]]) teampall dha anns An Ròimhe [[29 RC]]. == Iulius Caesar ann an obraichean eile == Litreachas *''Julius Caesar'' (mu 1600); dealbh-chluich le [[William Shakespeare]] *''Caesar and Cleopatra'' (1898); dealbh-chluich le [[George Bernard Shaw]] Ceòl *''Giulio Cesare in Egitto'' HWV17 (1724); opara le [[Georg Friedrich Händel]] *''Il ritorno di Giulio Cesare vincitore della Mauritania (mu 1705)''; Festa musicale le [[Giovanni Bononcini]] Filmichean *''Julius Caesar'' (1953); mun dealbh-chluich le [[William Shakespeare]] *''Caesar and Cleopatra'' (1945); mun dealbh-chluich le [[George Bernard Shaw]] *''Giulio Cesare il conquistatore delle Gallie'' (1963); don ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' le Caius Iulius Caesar *''Cleopatra'' (1963) *''Julius Caesar'' (2002); film telebhisein == Leabhraichean == * ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' * ''Commentarii de Bello Civili'' == Tùsan == * C. Suetonius Tranquillus, ''De vita Caesarum Liber I, Divus Iulius'' * Plutarchus, ''Vitae parallelae, Alexander - Caesar'' == Clàr-leabhar == * Michael Crawford, ''The Roman Republic'' ISBN 0006862500 * Hermann Bengtson, ''Grundriss der Römischen Geschichte mit Quellenkunde'' Bd. 1, ISBN 978-3-406-08617-5 * Karl Schefold, aiste "Caesar" ann an ''Lexikon der Alten Welt'', ISBN 3893509607 == Faic cuideachd == *[https://archive.org/details/iuliuscaesareada00shakuoft Iulius Caesar. Eadar-theangaichte le U.M. MacGillemhoire (1911)] == Dealbhan == <gallery> Faidhle:Venus Genitrix N367.jpg|Venus Genitrix (Louvre) Faidhle:Pompejus modified.png|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Faidhle:Realistic bust of an unknown citizen, 1st century BC (13668007863).jpg|Marcus Licinius Crassus Faidhle:Temple of Divus (141306750).jpg|Teampall Chaesair </gallery> {{commonscat|Julius Caesar|Iulius Caesar}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Iulius Caesar}} {{Smachd ùghdarrais}} [[Roinn-seòrsa:Daoine às an t-Seann-Ròimh]] [[Roinn-seòrsa:Impireachd na Ròimhe]] [[Roinn-seòrsa:Sgrìobhadairean Laidinneach]] 8ya82d9gfm59nekp4fyd5ttvqidehee