Vikipetã gnwiki https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuatia_%C3%91epyr%C5%A9ha MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Medio Mba'echĩchĩ Myangekõi Puruhára Puruhára myangekõi Vikipetã Vikipetã myangekõi Ta'ãnga Ta'ãnga myangekõi MediaWiki MediaWiki myangekõi Tembiecharã Tembiecharã myangekõi Pytyvõ Pytyvõ myangekõi Ñemohenda Ñemohenda myangekõi TimedText TimedText talk Módulo Módulo discusión Evento Evento discusión 0 4201 137810 136965 2026-06-02T13:41:35Z Mateuverte 6137 /* Arte y Cultura */ Festejos de San Pedro y San Pablo 137810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tava | nombre = Atyrá | nombre-original = | foto =|200px | fotoinfo = | pais = {{PAR}} | prov/dep = Cordillera | poblacion = 15.278 | territorio = | ISO = | altitud = 95 | coor = {{coor dms|25|15|27|S|57|10|44|W|}} |}} '''Atyrá''' heñói ypy Domingo Martínez de Irala oisãmbyhy jave, ary 1539-pe. Ojekuaa avei “Ciudad ecológica” ramo. Ko táva oñemohenda yvyturusu [[Altos]]-pe. Ha’e táva ipotĩvéva tetã ryepýpe, América ryepýpe oĩ tenda pokõihape ha yvóra tuichakue javeve oĩ tenda poapyhápe. Tavayguakuéra omba’apo mbarete opa ñanemba’eteete apópe. Omba’apo vakapi rehe; kuñanguéra ojapo ajaka ñande ypykuéra ojapohaguéicha. Tenda ojehecharamovéva ha’e: táva ryepy; ojehechauhápe mba’e teéva, ogakuéra ymaguare; ysyrykuéra ojejahuhápe ha yvytykuéra. [[Imagen:Calle de Atyra1.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Tape ko táva rehegua.]] == Tenda réra kuaa == Ko táva héra ypyva’ekue “Atyha”, ñe’ẽ oúva guaranígui. *Aty: he’ise reunión. *Ha: he’ise lugar. [[Imagen:Plaza donde se realiza la Exposicion Atyra.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Exposición permanente de artesanía.]] === Límites === Táva oĩva ijerére ha’e: [[Arroyos y Esteros]], [[Loma Grande]], Tobatí, [[Altos]], San Bernardino ha [[Ypakarai (táva)|Ypakarai]] === Ara === Ára hakúpe oguahẽ 22&nbsp;°C, ikatu jave ohupyty 39&nbsp;°C ha ro’ýpe 3&nbsp;°C. === Demografía === Atyrá oguereko 15.278 ava, 8.004 kuimba’e ha 7.274 kuña. == Historia == Omoheñóiva’ekue Domingo Martínez de Irala ary 1539-pe. Heñóiva’ekue pokõi Yvapovó, kuarahy’ã guýpe, ko tenda oipuruva’ekue te’yikuéra ojapo hag̃ua aty upévare héra ypyva’ekue “Atyha” ha upéi oñembohéra “Atyrá”. Ary 1580-pe, misioneros franciscanos, Alonso de San Buenaventura ha Fray Luis de Bolaños, ojapo hikuái fundación religiosa táva Altos, Atyrá, Tobatí ha [[Yaguarón]]-pe. Los trabajos en Madera son muy populares y extendidos desde la época de los Franciscanos y los Jesuíticas. Se pueden encontrar todo tipo de figuras: animales, tallas religiosas, guampas para el tereré e instrumentos musicales (arpas y guitarras). Los centros de producción son muy variables dependiendo de los objetos producidos. También resaltan las obras de los "santeros" (escultores de íconos en maderas que se nutren en la rica tradición jesuítica) y los instrumentos musicales (guitarras y arpas) elaborados con maderas nativas y son muy apreciados en todo el mundo. En la Orfebrería, se destaca la FILIGRANA. Con hilos de oro o plata unidos u soldados con mucha perfección y delicadeza se producen joyas muy originales. == Economía == Atyrápe avakuéra oñemitỹ ha omongakuaa mymba. Ojapo avei aceite ha omba’apo yvyra ñekytĩháme avei Heta ava ojapo avei tembiapo talabartería rehegua. === Arte y Cultura === [[Imagen:Artesanía en madera, Atyra.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Artesanía en madera.]] Atyra centrope oñemba’apo vakapi ha poyvi policromados-rehe. Campañape katu umi avakuéra ojapo avei tembiapo yvyrágui, especialmente compañía Itaguazupe. Opavave tembiapo oñemoĩ ojehecha meme hagua. Irundy jasyrundy jave ojaguerohory San Francisco de Asís ára, Patrono de la Ecología pegua. == Cultura popular == Te’yi José rembiasakue omombe’u mba’éichapa Tupãsy Inmaculada Concepción de la Virgen María oipytyvõ José-pe ani hag̃ua ogueraha chupe y guasu; ha’e oñembo’e rupi, Tupãsy ohechauka chupe peteĩ yvyra yvyty zanja hũgui, upépe ojupi ha nomanói. Upévare José ojapo yvyrágui Tupãsy ra’anga he’i haguéicha. Ko Tupãsy ra’anga oĩ ko’ág̃aite meve Tupão Ka’akupépe. Ko mombe’u ha’e ñane tavarandu tuichavéva heñóiva’ekue Atyrápe. Compañía Itaguazupe, San Pedro y San Pablo árape oikoka fiesta patronal. Upéicha jave heta mba'e ojejapo : kamba kuéra oforma petei banda para'i ha oho Santokuéra rendape Tupaope ombopu haguã serenata. Oiko avei la rua, upéva he'ise kuñatai kuéra ojeroky kapi'i rendy ipope ha cada tanto ou opersegui gua'u chupekuéra guaikuru, umíva kuimba'e oñemondéva pakova roguépe ha imáscarapava.<ref>https://www.ultimahora.com/documental-rua-es-declarado-interes-municipal-altos-n930152</ref> == Turismo == Mbohupa ohóva Atyrápe ikatu opytu’u oĩgui rupi peteĩ tenda hérava Complejo Ecológico y Bio Spa “Casa del Monte”. Avei ko távaguasu oguereko peteĩ tenda hérava “Casa de la cultura” ikatuhápe jahecha tembiapojegua ojapóva avakuéra ko táva pegua. Atyrá oguereko opaichagua ysyry ipotĩ sakãva ikatuhápe ojejahu ha oñembosarái vakapipopóre oguereko avei Chorro Carumbey he’iséva “Arroyo de Tortuga”. == Mba’éicha ikatu ñaguahẽ Atyrápe == Tape hũ Mcal. José Félix Estigarribia rupi ha yvyty Ka’akupe rupi avei. Oĩ ambue tape ñanemoguahẽva umíva ha’e táva Arroyos y Esteros ha [[Emboscada]] rupi. [[Ñemohenda:Paraguái tava]] [[Ñemohenda:Cordillera]] 5p1rwnfmryyrile287rgbno5enrclke 0 6662 137811 136363 2026-06-02T18:36:54Z InternetArchiveBot 14761 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 137811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ficha de país | nombre_oficial = 日本国<br />''Nihon-koku''<br />''Nippon-koku''<br />Tetã Hapõ | nombre_común = Hapõ | de = de | imagen_bandera = Flag of Japan.svg | imagen_escudo = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | símbolos = Mburuvi Ekúdo | lema_nacional = 平和と進歩 ''Heiwa To Shinpo''<br />(hapõñe'ẽme: 'Py'aguapy ha Tekotenonde') | imagen_mapa = Japan (orthographic projection).svg | himno_nacional = 君が代 ''[[Kimi ga yo]]''<br />(hapõñe'ẽme: 'Tove iporokuái ndopamo'ãi') | archivo_himno_nacional = Kimi ga Yo instrumental.ogg | capital = [[Tókio]] [[Ta'ãnga:Symbol of Tokyo Metropolis.svg|right|20px]] | capital_población = 12&nbsp;526&nbsp;574 | capital_coor_fmt = | capital_coord = {{Coord|35|41|22|N|139|41|30|E|type:city|display=inline}} | ciudad_más_poblada = [[Tókio]] [[Ta'ãnga:Symbol of Tokyo Metropolis.svg|right|20px]] | idioma_oficial = [[Hapõñe'ẽ]]<ref>{{cita web|url=http://houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp/column/column068.htm|título=法制執務コラム集「法律と国語・日本語」|fechaacceso=19 de enero de 2009|editorial=Legislative Bureau of the House of Councillors|idioma=japonés}}</ref> | gobierno = [[Porokuái peteĩme léi guasúre]] | dirigentes_títulos = [[Mburuvicha Hapõgua|Mburuvicha guasu]]<br />Primer Ministro | dirigentes_nombres = [[Naruhito]]<br />[[Sanae Takaichi]] | fundación = Ñepyrũ | fundación_hitos = &nbsp;• [[Hapõ Iñepyrũ Ára|Ñepyrũ]]<br /><br />&nbsp;• [[Meiji ñembopyahu]]<br />&nbsp;• [[Léi guasu Hapõgua|Léi guasu ko'ãguagua]]<br />&nbsp;• Ñe'ẽme'ẽ San Francisco pegua | fundación_fechas =<br /> [[11 jasykõi]] ary 660 Kirito mboyve<br />[[3 jasyteĩ]] ary [[1868]]<br /><br />[[3 jasypo]] ary [[1947]]<br /><br />[[28 jasyrundy]] ary [[1952]] | superficie = 377&nbsp;835 | superficie_puesto = 61 | superficie_agua = 0,8 % | fronteras = 0 [[km]] | costas = 29&nbsp;751 km | población = 127&nbsp;094&nbsp;745<ref>https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/kokusei/2015/final_en/pdf/s01.pdf</ref> | población_puesto = 10 | población_densidad = 337,1 | población_año = 2012 | PIB_nominal = [[US$]] 5&nbsp;963&nbsp;969 mill.<ref name=imf2>{{cita web |title=Japan|editorial=Fondo Monetario Internacional|fechaacceso=22 de octubre de 2013|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=82&pr.y=17&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=158&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=}}</ref> | PIB_nominal_año = 2012 | PIB_nominal_puesto = 3 | PIB_nominal_per_cápita = [[US$]] 46&nbsp;735<ref name=imf2 /> (2012) | PIB = [[US$]] 4&nbsp;627&nbsp;891 mill.<ref name=imf2 /> | PIB_año = 2012 | PIB_puesto = 4 | PIB_per_cápita = [[US$]] 36&nbsp;265<ref name=imf2 /> | IDH = 0,912<ref name="IDH">{{cita web|autor=PNUD| url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/es/paises/perfiles/JPN.html | título= "Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2013" |editor= pnud |ubicación= [[Washington]], [[Estados Unidos]]|año = 14 de marzo de 2013|idioma = castellano | fechaacceso= 15/03/13|formato= PDF}}</ref> | IDH_año = 2012 | IDH_puesto = 10 | IDH_categoría = <span style="color:#009900;">'''Tuichaeterei'''</span><ref>http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf Human Development Report 2009 (p. 171, 204)</ref> | moneda = [[Iéne]] (¥, <code>[[ISO 4217|JPY]]</code>) | gentilicio = Hapõygua<br />Hapone | horario = [[UTC]] + 9 | horario_verano = Ndorekói | miembro_de = [[ONU]], [[OSCE]], [[APEC]], [[G-8]] }} '''Hapõ''' ([[Hapõñe'ẽ|Hapõ ñe'ẽ]]me: 日本, ''<small>Nihon</small>'' térã ''<small>Nippon</small>''), héra tee hína '''Hapõ Retã''' (日本国 ''<small>Nippon-koku</small>'') [[tetã|tetã hekosãsóva]] ojejuhúva ypa'ũnguérape [[Ásia]] [[Kuarahyresẽ Asia|kuarahyresẽguápe]]. Hapõ ypa'ũnguéra oĩ [[Paraguasu Py'aguapy|paraguasu Pacífico]]-pe; ijerére ojejuhu kuarahyreike gotyo [[para Hapõ]], [[Chína Tetarã Retã]], [[Yvate Koréa]], [[Ñemby Koréa]] ha [[Rrúsia]], yvate gotyo ojejuhu [[para Ojotsk]], ñemby ha kuarahyresẽ ngotyo [[para Kuarahyresẽ Chína]] ha [[Taiuã]]. Hapõ yvy niko ypa'ũ aty oĩháme 14 125 ypa'ũ oguerekojoáva 377 978 km<small>²</small> [[para Pacífico Tata Kuãirũ]]<nowiki/>me. Umi ijypa'ũ iguasuvéva, yvate guive ñemby peve, [[Hokkaidō]], [[Honshū]], [[Shikoku]], [[Kyūshū]] ha [[Okinawa]]. Itavusu ha táva iguasuvéva héra [[Tókio]], ko tetãme katu oĩ ambue táva imba'eguasuetéva, oñongatúgui ijarandupy ha omongu'égui iviru, héra [[Yokohama]], [[Osaka]], [[Nagoya]], [[Sapporo]], [[Fukuoka]], [[Kōbe]] ha [[Kióto|Kioto]]. Hapõ tetã ijavavéva pateĩha, avei umi ijoaripáva ha itavapáva. Haimete 75 % ijyvýgui niko yvyty, ha umi 126 sua ava oiko iñupyso pépe. Oñemboja'o 47 tetãvorépe ha poapy yvyrenda, oĩháme [[Tókio Guasu Pehẽngue]], táva iguasuvéva arapýpe, 37 sua ava ndive. Ko'ãga Hapõ oĩ umi tetã ipokatuvéva ha mbaretevéva apytépe.<ref name="cia">{{Cita web |título=World Factbook: Japan |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |editorial=[[CIA]] |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2020-11-16 |archivedate=2018-12-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010157/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html%20 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010157/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html%20 |fechaarchivo=2018-12-26 |fechaacceso=2020-11-16 }}</ref> Hapõ oĩ heta aty mba'eguasúvape, umíva apytépe oĩ [[Tetãnguéra Joaju]], [[G7]], [[G4]] ha [[w:es:APEC|APEC]]. Hapõ niko pe tetã mokõiha ojehechahápe sa'ive yvypóra ojukáva ambuévape, [[Singapúra]] mante upe peteĩha,<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.unodc.org/pdf/research/9th_survey/CTS9ByIndicatorExtract.pdf |título=Ninth United Nations survey of crime trends and operations of criminal justice systems |editorial=UN Office on Drugs and Crime |páginas=1-9 }}</ref> ha'e avei pe tetã mokõiha ojehechahápe kuña hekove pukukue hi'arevéva<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19008870 |título=BBC News - Japanese women fall behind Hong Kong in longevity |editorial=Bbc.co.uk |fecha=27 de julio de 2012}}</ref> ha, he'iháicha [[ONU]], ko tetã niko pe tetã mbohapyha ojehechahápe sa'ive mitã omanóva, opaite tetã ambuéva apytépe.<ref name="haaretz.com">{{Cita publicación |título=WHO: Life expectancy in Israel among highest in the world |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/who-life-expectancy-in-israel-among-highest-in-the-world-1.276618 |periódico=Haaretz |fecha=mayo de 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208075044/http://www.haaretz.com/news/who-life-expectancy-in-israel-among-highest-in-the-world-1.276618 |archivedate=2015-02-08 |accessdate=2020-11-16 }}</ref><ref name="Table A.17">{{Cita web |título=Table A.17 |url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf |obra=United Nations World Population Prospects'', 2006 revisión'&#39; |editorial=ONU}}</ref> == Héra ypy == Hapõ réra (''Nippon/Nihon'' 日本, he'iséva: «kuarahy ypy») ijypy niko [[Chinañe'ẽ]]me: rì běn, [[kuarahyresẽ]], osẽhápe [[kuarahy]]. [[kanji|Tai]] 日 ijypy niko peteĩ apu'a omoha'angáva kuarahy, ha 本 omoha'anga [[tapo|yvyra rapo]] ha he'ise "ypy". Upévare ko tetã ojehero avei "Kuarahy osẽva Retã". Hapõ réra, Nippon, ojeipuru umi amandaje guasúpe ha atýpe oñembyatyhápe heta tetã, ha ko téra Nihon ojeipuru Hapõ pype. Ko tetã réra [[avañe'ẽ]]me ou [[karaiñe'ẽ]]gui (''Japón'') ha upe ou [[Chinañe'ẽ]]gui. Karai Europagua [[Marco Polo]] ohórõguare Chínape ary 1270-pe omoĩ kuatiápe '''Cipangu''', ikatu he'iséne '''rìběnguó'''. [[Malájo ñe'ẽ|Malájo ñe'ẽme]] upe ñe'ẽngue Chinañe'ẽgua oñemoambue ha oiko chugui '''Japang''', ha upéi umi karai omoñemúva [[Poytuga]] retãygua oñepyrũ oipuru ko ñe'ẽngue [[saro'y XVI]]-me, umíva niko oraha va'ekue ko Hapõ réra [[Európa]]-pe. == Marandeko == === Marandeko-mboyve ha Ára Mbytegua === [[File:Emperor Jimmu.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Karai guasu [[Jinmu Tennō]].]] Yvypóra rekoha peteĩha ojeikuaáva oikoraẽ Hapõ ypa'ũnguérape ojapo 30.000 Kirito mboyve, [[marandeko-mboyve]] aja.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ono |first1=Akira |last2=Sato |first2=Hiroyuki |last3=Tsutsumi |first3=Takashi |last4=Kudo |first4=Yuichiro |title=Radiocarbon Dates and Archaeology of the Late Pleistocene in the Japanese Islands |journal=Radiocarbon |date=2002 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=477–494 |doi=10.1017/S0033822200031854 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/radiocaron-dates-and-archaeology-of-the-late-pleistocene-in-the-japanese-islands/580E3E8E6F7C0E9E65D9FA8EC7FB6553}}</ref> Upe rire oñepyrũ ára pukukue hérava [[Jōmon Ára]] (amo 14&nbsp;500&nbsp;Kirito mboyve) ojehecha va'ekue tapichakuéra omymbajukáva hembi'urãre ha [[Ñemitỹ|oñemitỹkuaamíva]], sapy'ánte omopu'ã hekoharã opytami hag̃ua.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Habu |first1=Junko |title=Ancient Jomon of Japan |year=2004 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-77670-7 |page=43 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ancient_Jomon_of_Japan/vGnAbTyTynsC }}</ref> Hembipurukue ha hembiapokue [[ñay'ũ]]gui ijapopyre ha'e mba'e tujavéva ñay'ũgui ikatu jajuhu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jomo/hd_jomo.htm|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|title=Jōmon Culture (ca. 10,500–ca. 300 B.C.)|accessdate=Agosto 28, 2020}}</ref> Amo ary 1000&nbsp;Kirito mboyve aja, [[Yayoi Ára|tetãma yayoi]] oñepyrũ oike ypa'ũ atýpe yvy hérava [[Kyūshū|Kyushu]] guive, ojejehe'a hikuái umi [[tetãma Jōmon|Jōmon]] reheve;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Oh |first1=ChungHae Amana |title=Cosmogonical Worldview of Jomon Pottery |year=2011 |publisher=Sankeisha |isbn=978-4-88361-924-5 |page=37 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cosmogonical_Worldview_of_Jomon_Pottery/hxulspIN_2UC }}</ref> ára pukukue hérava [[Yayoi Ára]] jave ojehecha oñepyrũhague oñemitỹ [[arro]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Road of rice plant|url=http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-25.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430010530/http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-25.html|archivedate=Abril 30, 2011|publisher=National Science Museum of Japan|accessdate=Enero 15, 2011}}</ref> oĩhague tembiapokue pyahu ñay'ũgui ijapopyre,<ref>{{cite web|title=Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kofu/hd_kofu.htm|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|accessdate=Agosto 28, 2020}}</ref> ha oikehague avei [[Kuarepotikuaa|tembiapokue órogui ha kuarepotígui]] ijapopyre oúva [[Chína]] ha [[Korea|Koréagui]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Yayoi Culture (ca. 300 B.C.–300 A.D.)|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|accessdate=Agosto 28, 2020}}</ref> [[Mombe'ugua'ukuaa|Mombe'ugua'u]] Hapõ megua he'i, amo ary 660&nbsp;Kirito mboyve, mburuvihára [[Jinmu Tennō|Jinmu]] omoheñói peteĩ [[Yamatai|tavetã]] Hapõ mbytépe, upépe oje'e oñepyrũhague [[Hapõ mburuvi rogaygua]].<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Routledge|page=9|last=Hendry|first=Joy|title=Understanding Japanese Society|year=2012|isbn=9781136279188}}</ref> Hapõ ojechaukaraẽ jehaipýpe upe ''[[Han Aranduka|Han Arandukápe]]'', ojehai va'ekue ary 111&nbsp;Kirito rire.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Delmer M. |last2=Hall |first2=John Whitney |last3=Jansen |first3=Marius B. |last4=Shively |first4=Donald H. |last5=Twitchett |first5=Denis |title=The Cambridge History of Japan|volume= 1 |year=1988 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-22352-2 |page=275 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/A3_6lp8IOK8C }}</ref> [[Vúda rape]] oike ko tetãme ary 552 oukuévo tavetã Koréa mba'éva hérava [[Baekje]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Delmer M. |last2=Hall |first2=John Whitney |last3=Jansen |first3=Marius B. |last4=Shively |first4=Donald H. |last5=Twitchett |first5=Denis |title=The Cambridge History of Japan|volume=1|year=1988 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-22352-2 |pages=140–149 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/A3_6lp8IOK8C }}</ref> Jepémo iñepyrũhápe ojejokose ku jeroviapy, mbeguekatúpe mburuvichakuéra oñepyrũ oguerovia hese ha oikuaauka imbo'epy, umíva apytépe oĩ va'ekue [[mburuvicha Shōtoku]], oparupi oñemosarambi ára pukukue hérava [[Asuka Ára]] aja (592–710).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan |first=William Gerald|last=Beasley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1999 |page=42 |isbn=978-0-520-22560-2|url={{Google books|9AivK7yMICgC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> [[Taika Ñemyatyrõ]] oiko ary 645 jave ha upekuévo tetã oñemomba'epa yvykuérare ha upéi omboja'o ñemitỹhára apytépe, upéicha avei mburuvichakuéra ohaipa kuatiápe ojeikuaaporã hag̃ua ogakuéra Hapõ tuichakuévo omono'õ hag̃ua [[impuésto]].<ref name="Sansom " /> [[Jinshin Ñorairõ]] oiko ary 672 jave, oñombohováirõguare [[Tenmu Tennō|mburuvicha Ōama]] ha ipehẽngue ra'y, [[Kōbun Tennō|mburuvicha Ōtomo]], ko ñorairõ omoñepyrũ ñemyatyõ pyahu tetã ñesãmbyhýpe ha upégui heñói [[Teko me'ẽ Taihō]], ko kuatia rupive oñemombarete tetã ñesãmbyhy.<ref name="Sansom ">{{cite book |first=George|last=Sansom |year=1961 |title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615 |publisher=Stanford University Press|pages=57, 68|isbn=978-0-8047-0525-7|url={{Google books|0syC6L77dpAC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref> Upe rupive oñemoheñói tetã [[Ritsuryō]], tetã guasu oiko va'ekue 500 ary pukuévo.<ref name="ritsuryo">{{cite book |first=Conrad|last=Totman |year=2002 |title=A History of Japan |publisher=Blackwell |pages=107–108 |isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4|url={{Google books|Z_a_QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref> Ára pukukue hérava [[Nara Ára]] (710–784) jave ojehecha Hapõ ojerehague Mburuvihára Róga jerére, ojejuhúva [[Heijō Róga guasu|Heijō-kyō]]-pe, ko'ãga hína táva [[Nara (Nara)|Nara]]. Upekuévo oñembohetave [[aranduka]] apo ha oñemomba'eguasu [[Hapõ ñe'ẽporãhaipyre]] ojeikuaaukávo aranduka herakuãporãva ha'éva ''[[Kojiki]]'' (712) ha ''[[Nihonshoki]]'' (720), upéicha avei tembiapoporã guasu ha óga ñemopu'ã ojoguáva Vúda rape reko.<ref>{{cite book |first=Conrad|last=Totman |year=2002 |title=A History of Japan |publisher=Blackwell |pages=64–79 |isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4|url={{Google books|Z_a_QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref><ref name=courtiers>{{cite book|chapter=Of Courtiers and Warriors: Early and Medieval History (710–1600)|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137/page/n38 24]–52|author=Henshall, Kenneth|title=A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower|url=https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137|isbn=978-0-230-36918-4|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012}}</ref> Oñeimo'ã ary 735 ha 737 mbytépe oikohague Hapõ tuichakuévo [[mbiru'a]] ñemosarambi guasu ha ikatuhague omano mbohapýgui peteĩ opaite Hapõ retãyguágui.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hays|first=J.N.|title=Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-658-9|page=31|url={{Google books|GyE8Qt-kS1kC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=courtiers/> Ary 784 jave [[Kanmu Tennō|mburuvihára Kanmu]] oguerova tetã tavusu amo táva [[Heian-kyō]]-pe, ãga katu táva [[Kioto]].<ref name=courtiers/> Upéicha oñepyrũ va'ekue ára pukukue hérava [[Heian Ára]] (794-1185), ojehecha heñoihague Hapõ arandupy hekoteére ojeréva. ''[[Genji Monogatari|Genji Rembiasa]]'' ojapo [[Murasaki Shikibu]] ha Hapõ retã momorãhéi, ''[[Kimigayo]]'', upe jave ojehai.<ref>{{cite book |first=Conrad|last=Totman |year=2002 |title=A History of Japan |publisher=Blackwell |pages=79–87, 122–123 |isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4|url={{Google books|Z_a_QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref> === Ára Mbytegua === [[File:Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba Mongol Invasion Takezaki Suenaga 2 Page 5-7.jpg|thumb|Ñorairõhára [[samurái]] aty ombohováivo umi Mongoliagua, ''[[Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba]]''.]] Ára Mbytegua Hapõme ha'e ojehechárõguare umi ñorairõhára [[samurái]]gui oiko mburuvichakuéra.<ref name="Leibo2015">{{cite book|first=Steven A. |last=Leibo|title=East and Southeast Asia 2015–2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yX-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA99|year=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4758-1875-8|pages=99–104}}</ref> Ary 1185 jave, ndaipu'akái rire umi [[Taira ñemoñare]] oikokuévo [[Genpei Ñorairõ]], upe samurái [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] omoñepyrũ [[Kapaju rekuái|ñesãmbyhy milíko]] amo táva [[Kamakura (Kanagawa)|Kamakura]]-pe.<ref>{{cite book|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|last=Middleton|first=John|year=2015|page=616|publisher=Routledge}}</ref> [[Hōjō ñemoñare]] oñepyrũ oisãmbyhy omano rire Yoritomo,<ref name="courtiers" /> omoguahẽ hikuái ''[[zen]]'' mbo'epy ou va'ekue Chína Vúda rapégui ha pya'e oñemosarambi umi samurái apytépe [[Kamakura Ára]] (1185-1333) jave.<ref>{{cite book|last=Totman|first=Conrad|title=A History of Japan |edition=2nd |year=2005|publisher=Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4|pages=106–112|url={{Google books|Z_a_QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> [[Shogunato Kamakura]] (tetã omyakãhápe peteĩ ''[[shogun]]'') omosẽ Hapõgui umi [[Mongólia ondyrýrõguare Hapõre|Mongoliagua ondyryséva hese]] 1274 ha 1281 jave, hákatu ojeipe'a hikuái tetã ñesãmbyhýgui oiko rire [[Kenmu Ñemyatyrõ]] ojapo [[Go-Daigo Tennō|mburuvihára Go-Daigo]].<ref name=courtiers/> Ko mburuvihára avei ojeipe'a omosẽkuévo chupe karai [[Ashikaga Takauji]] ary 1336 jave, upéicha oñepyrũ [[Muromachi Ára]] (1336-1573),<ref name="Shirane2012a">{{cite book|first=Haruo |last=Shirane|title=Traditional Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8qq6zhhM5kC&pg=PA409|year=2012|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-15730-8|page=409}}</ref> jepémo, upe rire oiko [[shogunato Ashikaga]] ha ndaipu'akái oñeha'ãmbávo ojoko hag̃ua umi mburuvicha yvy jára (hérava ''daimyōs'') ha oñepyrũ [[Ōnin Ñorairõ]] ary 1467-pe, upéicha oiko [[Sengoku Ára]] ha Hapõ ohasa 100 ary ñorairõ guýpe.<ref>{{cite book |first=George|last=Sansom |year=1961 |title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615 |publisher=Stanford University Press|pages=42, 217 |isbn=978-0-8047-0525-7|url={{Google books|0syC6L77dpAC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref> Sa'ary XVI pukuévo, Hapõ oñepyrũ oñemu ha omoguahẽ ijyvýpe arandupy pytagua oikeraẽ rire ypa'ũ atýpe umi [[Poytuga|Poytugagua]] ha [[Hesu Irũ Aty|pa'i hesuíta]].<ref name=courtiers/><ref>{{cite book|title=Tanegashima|year=2005|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=0203479572|last=Lidin|first=Olof}}</ref> Karai ''daimyō'' [[Oda Nobunaga]] oipuru mboka ha tembireka Európagui oúva ipu'akave ha oñemomba'e hag̃ua umi ''daimyō'' ambuéva rehe;<ref>{{cite journal|title=The impact of firearms on Japanese warfare, 1543–98|last=Brown|first=Delmer|journal=The Far Eastern Quarterly|volume=7|issue=3|date=Mayo 1948|doi=10.2307/2048846 |pages=236–253|jstor=2048846}}</ref> ipu'akavévo hetã ñesambyhývo oñepyrũ [[Azuchi-Momoyama Ára]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collections.dma.org/essay/dAg2pDvx|publisher=Dallas Museum of Art|title=Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573–1603)|accessdate=Octubre 3, 2020}}</ref> Omano rire Nobunaga ary 1582-me, mburuvicha ou hapykuéri [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] omopeteĩ hetã amo ary 1590 jave ha oñeha'ã ondyrysévo Koréa rehe.<ref name=courtiers/> Karai [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] omba'apo hetãre ha mbeguekatúpe ipu'akave milíko ha mburuvicha ramo.<ref name="Turnbull2011">{{cite book|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen|title=Toyotomi Hideyoshi|year=2011|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84603-960-7|page=61|url={{Google books|x8govgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Oikórõguare ñorairõ guasu, Ieyasu ipu'aka umi oñemoĩvare tetã ñesãmbyhýre ha oiko chugui peteĩ ''shōgun'' ohechakuaa rire chupe [[Go-Yōzei Tennō|mburuvihára Go-Yōzei]] ary 1603-pe ha omoheñói upe [[shogunato Tokugawa]] amo [[Edo]]-pe (ko'ãga hína [[Tókio]]).<ref name=closed>{{cite book|chapter=The Closed Country: the Tokugawa Period (1600–1868)|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137/page/n67 53]–74|author=Henshall, Kenneth|title=A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower|url=https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137|isbn=978-0-230-36918-4|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012}}</ref> Ko shogunato pyahu oikuaauka tembapoukapy ojokóva umi yvy jára ''daimyō'',<ref>{{cite book|last=Totman|first=Conrad|title=A History of Japan |edition=2nd |year=2005|publisher=Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4|pages=142–143|url={{Google books|Z_a_QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> ha ombotýva tetã ani hag̃ua oñemu umi pytaguándi, upéicha oiko [[Edo Ára]] (1603-1868).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Toby|first=Ronald P.|title=Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu|journal=Journal of Japanese Studies|year=1977|volume=3|issue=2|pages=323–363|doi=10.2307/132115|jstor=132115}}</ref><ref name=closed/> Upe jave ojehecha heta mba'e pyahu omongakuaa va'ekue Hapõ [[virurekokuaa]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy |author=Howe, Christopher |publisher=Hurst & Company |year=1996 |isbn=978-1-85065-538-1|pages=58ff|url={{Google books|XkCRcv0iXn0C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref> === Ára javegua === [[File:Meiji tenno1.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Mburuvihára Meiji]], ''Meiji-tennō''; 1852-1912).]] Ary 1854-pe, ygapóra ruvicha [[Matthew C. Perry|Matthew Perry]] ha umi «[[ygarata hũ]]» [[Amérika Retãvorekuéra Joaju]] mba'éva oñeha'amba toñemboty'o hag̃ua Hapõ ojapokuévo [[jekupytyha Kanagawa pegua]].<ref name=closed/> Umi jekupytyha ambuéva ojejapo hapykuéri heta ombyai Hapõ virurekokuaa ha ñesãmbyhy.<ref name=closed/> Oheja rire tetã ñesãmbyhy upe ''shōgun'', oñepyrũ [[Boshin Ñorairõ]] ha ndojerevéi mburuvihárare añónte tetã rekuái (oikoháicha oiko rire [[Meiji ñemyatyrõ]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Totman|first=Conrad|title=A History of Japan |edition=2nd |year=2005|publisher=Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4|pages=289–296|url={{Google books|Z_a_QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Hapõ ombojehegua hetã remimoĩmbyre ojapoháicha umi tet{a Yvy pehẽngue kuarahyreikeguáva pegua ha ojapo iléi guasu pyahurã.<ref name=modernnation>{{cite book|chapter=Building a Modern Nation: the Meiji Period (1868–1912)|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137/page/n89 75]–107|author=Henshall, Kenneth|title=A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower|url=https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137|isbn=978-0-230-36918-4|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012}}</ref> [[Ára Meiji]] (1868-1912) pukukuévo, [[Hapõ Mburuvi|Hapõ Mburuvígui]] oiko tetã mbaretevéva Ásiape ha ojechauka opavavépe tetã ipu'akasevéva ohekávo ñorairõ.<ref>{{cite book|last=McCargo|first=Duncan|title=Contemporary Japan|year=2000|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-71000-5 |pages=18–19|url={{Google books|8au8QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Political Economy of Growth|last=Baran|first=Paul|publisher=Monthly Review Press|year=1962|isbn=|page=160}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Totman|first=Conrad|title=A History of Japan |edition=2nd |year=2005|publisher=Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4|pages=312–314|url={{Google books|Z_a_QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Ipu'aka rire oikóvo [[Chína-Hapõ ñorairõ peteĩha]] (1894-1895) ha [[Rrúsia-Hapõ ñorairõ]] (1904-1905), Hapõ oñemomba'e [[Taiuã]], Koréa ha [[ypa'ũ Sajalín]] vorekue yvyvogua rehe.<ref>{{cite book|last=Matsusaka|first=Y. Tak|title=Companion to Japanese History|year=2009|publisher=Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-1690-9|pages=224–241|editor=Tsutsui, William M.|chapter=The Japanese Empire}}</ref><ref name=modernnation/> Hapõ retãyguakuéra oñembohetave mokõire ohasávo 35 suágui ary 1873-pe amove 70 sua ary 1935-pe, hetaite umi oho tavaguasúpe oiko hag̃ua.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hiroshi|first=Shimizu|title=Japan and Singapore in the world economy: Japan's economic advance into Singapore, 1870–1965|year=1999|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-19236-1|author2=Hitoshi, Hirakawa|page=17|url={{Google books|7k0F8YoZ6P0C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=excesses>{{cite book|chapter=The Excesses of Ambition: the Pacific War and its Lead-Up|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137/page/n122 108]–141|author=Henshall, Kenneth|title=A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower|url=https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137|isbn=978-0-230-36918-4|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012}}</ref> Oñepyrũ aja sa'ary XX, oiko sapy'ami ára pukukue osegíva ha ohekáva jekopytyjoja, [[Taishō Ára]] (1912-1926), jepémo ikangyve Hapõ ombotuichavese gueteri ijyvy ha iñorairõha mbaretekue.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pursuit of Power in Modern Japan 1825–1995|chapter=Taisho Democracy and the First World War|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205890.001.0001|last=Tsuzuki|first=Chushichi|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198205890}}</ref><ref name=ramesh>{{cite book|chapter=The Taisho Period (1912–1926): Transition from Democracy to a Military Economy|title=China's Economic Rise|last=Ramesh|first=S|pages=173–209|isbn=978-3-030-49811-5|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2020}}</ref> [[Ñorairõ Guasu Peteĩha]] rupive Hapõ ikatu oñemomba'e heta yvy [[Alemáña]] mba'ekuéva ypa'ũre [[Paraguasu Py'aguapy|paraguasu Py'aguapýpe]] ha Chíname.<ref name=ramesh/> Arykuéra 1930 peve hetave umi ombotuichasevéva Hapõ ha omboykéva jekopytyjoja, upéicha ary 1931 jave, Hapõ [[Hapõ ondyrýrõguare Manchúriare|ondyry ha oñemomba'e Manchúriare]]; upévare oñemosẽ chugui [[Tetãnguéra Irũjoa|Tetãnguéra Irũjoágui]].<ref name="Inc1945">{{cite magazine|title= The Japanese Nation: It has a history of feudalism, nationalism, war and now defeat|magazine=LIFE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t0kEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA109|date=Septiembre 17, 1945|pages=109–111}}</ref> Ary 1936 jave, Hapõ ojapo [[Antikomintern Ñe'ẽme'ẽ]] [[Alemáña nási]] ndive ha ary 1940 jave oiko chugui peteĩ [[Ñorairõ Guasu Mokõiha Retã Mbaretete Mbyteguágui|tetã mbaretete mbyteguágui]].<ref name=excesses/> [[File:Imperio Japonés.JPG|miniatura|[[Hapõ Mburuvi]] 1942 jave]] Hapõ Mburuvi ondyry jey Chínare 1937 jave, omoñepyrũvo upéicha [[Chína-Hapõ ñorairõ mokõiha]] (1937-1945).<ref name="Paine2012">{{cite book|first=S. C. M. |last=Paine|title=The Wars for Asia, 1911–1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bAYgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123|year=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-56087-0|pages=123–125}}</ref> Ary 1940-pe, ondyry Indochína [[Hyãsia]] mba'éva, upe rire [[Amérika Retãvorekuéra Joaju]] ojoko opaite [[itakyra]] ñemu oúva Hapõgui.<Ref name=excesses/><ref>{{cite book |first=Roland H., Jr. |last=Worth |title=No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the Pacific |publisher=McFarland |year=1995 |pages=56, 86|isbn=978-0-7864-0141-3|url={{Google books|ezBnAAAAMAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref> Ára 7 ha 8 jasypakõi 1941, Hapõ [[Pearl Harbor rehe oñendyrýrõguare|ondyry Pearl Harbor]] rehe ha heta yvy ambuévare, upéicha oñepyrũ [[Paraguasu Py'aguapy Ñorairõ (1937-1945)|Ñorairõ Guasu Mokõiha paraguasu Py'aguapýpe]].<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Introduction: December 7/8, 1941|last1=Bailey|first1=Beth|last2=Farber|first2=David|pages=1–8|title=Beyond Pearl Harbor: A Pacific History|year=2019|publisher=University Press of Kansas}}</ref> Opa umi yvýpe oĩ va'ekue Hapõ poguýpe ojehecha heta oporombohasa'asy vai, oporojuka ha [[Poreno|oiporeno]] kuñáre noiporenoséiva, [[Poreno rairõme|orairõvo]] hese.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Yōko|first=Hayashi|title=Issues Surrounding the Wartime "Comfort Women"|journal=Review of Japanese Culture and Society|year=1999–2000|volume=11/12|issue=Special Issue|pages=54–65|jstor=42800182}}</ref> Ipu'aka rire [[Ñorairõ Guasu Mokõiha Oñoirũvakuéra|Tetã Oñoirũvakuéra]], tuichaitépe oipe'árõguare Hapõgui Manchúria ha [[Hirochíma ha Nagasáki ojekapupárõguare]] 1945 jave, Hapõ oñeme'ẽ ha ohechakuaa ndaipu'akaiha.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pape|first=Robert A.|title=Why Japan Surrendered|journal=International Security|year=1993|volume=18|issue=2|pages=154–201|doi=10.2307/2539100|jstor=2539100}}</ref> Ñorairõ rupive ojeipe'apa Hapõgui umi ikolónia ha heta hetãygua omano.<ref>{{cite book|last=Watt|first=Lori|title=When Empire Comes Home: Repatriation and Reintegration in Postwar Japan|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-674-05598-8|pages=1–4|url={{Google books|_F3AN6x6AQ8C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=phoenix>{{cite book|chapter=A Phoenix from the Ashes: Postwar Successes and Beyond|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137/page/n156 142]–180|author=Henshall, Kenneth|title=A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower|url=https://archive.org/details/historyjapanfrom00hens_137|isbn=978-0-230-36918-4|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012}}</ref> Ary 1947 jave, Hapõ ojapo [[léi guasu]] pyahu osegíva [[jekopytyjoja]].<ref name=phoenix/> [[Ñorairõ Guasu Mokõiha Oñoirũvakuéra|Tetã Oñoirũvakuéra]] osẽ Hapõgui oiko rire [[Jekupytyha San Francisco pegua]] ary 1952-me,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/03/06/national/52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia/ |title='52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA |first=Joseph |last=Coleman |date=Marzo 6, 2007 |newspaper=The Japan Times |fechaacceso=12 de diciembre de 2020 |fechaarchivo=11 de abril de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411091335/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/03/06/national/52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ha Hapõ oike [[Tetãnguéra Joaju|Tetãnguéra Joajúpe]] ary 1956-me.<ref name=phoenix/> Pya'eite okakuaa Hapõ ha oiko chugui [[tetã mbaretete]] ipu'akavéva mokõiha yvy ape ári;<ref name=phoenix/> oñemomichĩ arykuéra 1990 pukuévo oiko rire heta apañuái virurekokuaápe.<Ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/1467-9701.00522|title=The bubble and the lost decade|last1=Saxonhouse|first1=Gary|last2=Stern|first2=Robert|journal=The World Economy|year=2003|pages=267–281|volume=26|issue=3}}</ref> Ára 11 jasyapy 2011, oiko Hapõme [[yvyryrýi ha sunámi Hapõme 2011 jave|yvyryrýi mbaretevéva]] ojehechámava ijyvýpe, upéicha oiko [[teko'ỹngatu tumingue'a mbaretekue apohápe táva Fukushima-pe]].<ref name="nytimes-tsunami">{{cite news|last1=Fackler|first1=Martin|last2=Drew|first2= Kevin|title=Devastation as Tsunami Crashes Into Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/12/world/asia/12japan.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=Marzo 11, 2011}}</ref> Ára 1 jasypo 2019, oheja rire tetã ñesãmbyhýgui mburuvihára [[Akihito]], ita'ýra [[Naruhito]] ojupi mburuvihára pyahu ramo, upéicha oñepyrũ [[Reiwa Ára]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan's emperor thanks country, prays for peace before abdication |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Japan-s-emperor-thanks-country-prays-for-peace-before-abdication |website=Nikkei Asian Review |date=Abril 30, 2019}}</ref> Ára 22 jasypoapy 2023, Hapõ oikuaauka oñepyrũhague omosẽ [[Paraguasu Py'aguapy|paraguasúpe]] y [[randipytu]] (''radiación'') orekóva oñemopotĩmava (oiko [[sunámi]] vai omoguahẽ va'ekue y peteĩ tumingue'a mbaretekue apohápe táva Fukushima-pe), jepémo oĩ va'ekue heta tetã ndoipotáiva.<ref>{{Cita noticia|título=Fukushima nuclear disaster: Japan to release treated water in 48 hours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66578158|periódico=BBC News|fecha=2023-08-22|fechaacceso=2023-08-25|idioma=en-GB}}</ref>​ ==Mandu'apy== {{listaref|2}} == Joajuha == {{commons|Japan}} {{Asia}} [[Ñemohenda:Hapõ| ]] ns79jpoycj8hz0k2pjeox8j20g9agj5 0 8405 137809 136841 2026-06-02T13:23:08Z Mateuverte 6137 /* Hembekuéra */ 137809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tava | nombre = Tovatĩ | nombre-original = | foto =|200px | fotoinfo = | pais = {{PAR}} | prov/dep = [[Kordilléra]] | poblacion = 26.625 | territorio = | ISO = | altitud = 91 | superficie = 948 | coor = {{coor dms|25|16|00|S|57|19|00|W|}} | dirigente1 = Lic. Dan Alberto González Vera (PLRA) | dirigente1_cargo = [[Intendente|Intendente municipal]] |}} '''Tovatĩ''' ha'e peteĩ táva oĩva [[Kordilléra|tetãvore Kordillera]]-pe, 63 km imombyrýgui [[Paraguay|Paraguaýpe]] ha 17 km imombyrýgui, tetãvore itavusu, [[Ka'akupe|Ka'akupé]]pe, [[tape guasu 2 (Paraguái)|tape guasu 2]] rupi. == Tembiasakue == [[File:Pedro-juan-caballero.png|thumb|Pedro Juan Caballero.]] Tovatĩ heñói ypy Domingo Martínez de Irala oisãmbyhy jave, ary 1539-pe<ref>http://www.portalguarani.com/1763_alejandro_nieto/14040_domingo_martinez_de_irala_por_alejandro_nieto_.html</ref>. Iñepyrũme ha'e va'ekue peteĩ táva guarani [[Ysyry Paraguay|ysyry Paraguái]] rembére, uperire ojerova henda ko'ãgaguápe ndaikatui hague ojoko Pajagua kuéra ondyrývo hese<ref>http://www.portalguarani.com/965_branislava_susnik/12926_el_pueblo_guarani_colonial__inquietudes_de_los_pueblos_guaranies_autora_branislava_susnik_.html</ref>. Ary 1583-pe oñeme'ẽ ''franciscano'' kuérape oisãmbyhy hag̃ua hese, ombokarai hag̃ua avakuéra ikatuhag̃uaicha ijokupyty porãve<ref>http://www.portalguarani.com/632_margarita_duran_estrago/17594_presencia_franciscana_en_el_paraguay_1538_1824__por_margarita_duran_estrago_.html</ref>. Ary 1786pe heñói Tovatĩme [[Pedro_Juan_Caballero|Pedro Juan Caballero]], oiko va'ekue [[Paraguái_Retã_Ára_Sãso|Paraguái Retã Ára Sãso]]me<ref>http://www.portalguarani.com/679_herib_caballero_campos/11932_el_proceso_de_la_independencia_del_paraguay_1780_1813_por_herib_caballero_campos_.html</ref>. === Hembekuéra === Táva oĩva ijerére ha'e: [[Arroyos_y_Esteros|Arroyos y Esteros]], [[Ka'akupe]], [[Atyra]], [[Eusebio_Ayala_(Paraguái)|Eusebio Ayala]], [[Isla_Puku|Isla Puku]] ha [[Primero_de_Marzo|Primero de Marzo]] == Compañías == [[File:Colectivo_en_21_de_Julio_-_Tobatí_(Paraguay).JPG|thumb|Colectivo ohasa compañía 21 de Juliope.]] Tovatĩ oguereko 17 compañías: 1. Jhuybaty<br /> 2. Rosado<br /> 3. Potrero<br /> 4. 21 de julio<br /> 5. Santa Rosalía<br /> 6. Punta del Este<br /> 7. Villa de Mercedes<br /> 8. Mompox<br /> 9. Santa Rosa<br /> 10. San Roque Gonzáles de Santa Cruz<br /> 11. Costa Alegre<br /> 12. Ensenada<br /> 13. Loma Verde<br /> 14. Colonia Capitán Pedro Juan Caballero<br /> 15. Isla Florida<br /> 16. Aparypy<br /> 17. Isla Guazú == Virurekokuaa == [[File:Olería.JPG|thumb|Tovatĩme peichagua tatakuape ojejapo ladrillo kuéra.]] Ladrillo apo hína oĩvéva Tovatĩme. Oleria ha ceramica kuérape ojejapo ñai'ũgui, ha oñembojy [[Jepe'a|jepe'ápe]] [[tatakua]] guasúpe. Oĩ avei heta artesano ha [[Ñemitỹ|oñemitỹva]] campáñape, táva jerépe. === Mba'apoporã ha Arandupy === [[File:Máscaras_de_timbó.JPG|thumb|Máscaras Rosadogua ojejapo va'ekue timbo rapogui. Artesano: Néstor Portillo.]] [[File:Cestería espiralada.JPG|thumb|Cestería espiralada peteĩ técnica chacogua, ojeporuva avei Tovatĩme.]] Ko távape oñemba'apo yvyra, ha ñai'ũ rehe, upéva niko ojehechavéva. Oĩ avei 21 de Julio-pe ojapóva sombrero piri [[karanda'y]] roguégui, ha kuñakarai kuéra ojapóva kyha mbokaja roguéi. Opavave tembiapo oñemoĩ ojehecha meme hagua Villa Artesanal-pe ha Mirador ypype. == Mba'éicha ikatu ñaguahẽ Tovatĩme == [[Tape guasu 2 (Paraguái)|Tape hũ Mcal. José Félix Estigarribia]] rupi ha yvyty Ka'akupe rupi avei. Oĩ peteĩ tape ñanemoguahẽva upéva ha'e táva [[Arroyos_y_Esteros|Arroyos y Esteros]] rupi. == Arandukapurupyre == * EL PROCESO DE LA INDEPENDENCIA DEL PARAGUAY 1780-1813 (Por HERIB CABALLERO CAMPOS) * DOMINGO MARTINEZ DE IRALA (Por ALEJANDRO NIETO) * EL PUEBLO GUARANI COLONIAL - INQUIETUDES DE LOS PUEBLOS GUARANÍES (Autora: BRANISLAVA SUSNIK) * PRESENCIA FRANCISCANA EN EL PARAGUAY (1538-1824) - Por MARGARITA DURÁN ESTRAGÓ == Mandu'apy == {{listaref}} [[Ñemohenda:Paraguái tava]] [[Ñemohenda:Cordillera]] dcsgvt2vsyaavfcc6f365z4u40usyha 0 11094 137815 133805 2026-06-02T23:36:03Z InternetArchiveBot 14761 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 137815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ficha de familia de idiomas |color= #3344E6 |zona= [[Lesóto]] ha [[Yvyafrika]] |hablantes= Amo 6.000.000 |iso1=st |iso2=sot |iso3=sot |mapa=[[File:South Africa 2011 Sotho speakers proportion map.svg|frameless]] |mapa_descripción=Oñe'ẽhápe sesóto Yvyafrika-pe. }} '''Sesóto''' ha'e peteĩ [[ñe'ẽ]] [[Áfrika]] ipehẽngue ñemby pegua, ñe'ẽ tee [[Lesóto]] retãme ha [[Yvyafrika]] retãme (peteĩ umi 11 ñe'ẽ teégui). Amo 6.000.000 tapichakuéra oñe'ẽkuaa sesóto-pe. == Joaju == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213101439/http://www.sesotho.org/ Sesotho Online] A gentle introduction to the Sesotho language and culture. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929032954/http://sesotho.blogspot.com/ Weblog on Sesotho] [[Ñemohenda:Vantú ñe'ẽnguéra]] [[Ñemohenda:Lesóto]] 19p5c1raa63klufcvo26lyx0uhei9nf 2 18010 137812 2026-06-02T22:52:27Z Josemirp 22215 Kuatiarogue ipyahúva: '''''EGUAHÉ PORÃ!!!'''''{{#babel:es|simple-5|en-3|pt-2|pt-BR-2|gn-0}} 137812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''EGUAHÉ PORÃ!!!'''''{{#babel:es|simple-5|en-3|pt-2|pt-BR-2|gn-0}} sg2xqsxrz9vppqkjv4gmjstudawp2es 14 18011 137813 2026-06-02T22:52:27Z Babel AutoCreate 9727 Ko'ánga ojejapo kuatiarogue ñemohenda [[Project:Babel|Babel]]-pe 137813 wikitext text/x-wiki Puruharakuéra ko ñemohendáme he'i oikuaa oñe'ẽ Simple English 1mko1zpbvkxcjzrbql1qab7pjvff5b3 14 18012 137814 2026-06-02T22:52:27Z Babel AutoCreate 9727 Ko'ánga ojejapo kuatiarogue ñemohenda [[Project:Babel|Babel]]-pe 137814 wikitext text/x-wiki Puruharakuéra ko ñemohendáme he'i oikuaa oñe'ẽ portugués de Brasil 4rxvbwfym0l5ltu1ur6fl74xz9iouz4