Wikipedia gotwiki https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%83 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Media Special Talk 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 Wikipedia 𐌸𐌹𐍃 Wikipedia 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 MediaWiki MediaWiki talk 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐍉𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍉𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4382 49259 46688 2026-07-27T17:59:48Z Eiliv 10999 49259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Leonhard Euler.jpg|thumb|𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂]] '''𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂''' ([[𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌸𐌹𐌿.]]: ''Leonhard Euler'') (•𐌹𐌴• 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 •𐌰̅𐍈𐌶• - •𐌹𐌷• 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 •𐌰̅𐍈𐍀𐌲•) 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌺𐍉𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌳𐍉 𐌸𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽]] o61iqlg7ld3nsietenynvuznbq49o2e 49260 49259 2026-07-27T18:03:50Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌻𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌴𐍅𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂]] 49259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Leonhard Euler.jpg|thumb|𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂]] '''𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂''' ([[𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌸𐌹𐌿.]]: ''Leonhard Euler'') (•𐌹𐌴• 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 •𐌰̅𐍈𐌶• - •𐌹𐌷• 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 •𐌰̅𐍈𐍀𐌲•) 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌺𐍉𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌳𐍉 𐌸𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽]] o61iqlg7ld3nsietenynvuznbq49o2e 0 4576 49262 46681 2026-07-27T18:12:47Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌻𐌴𐍉𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍉 𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌹]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰]] 46681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Francesco_Melzi_-_Portrait_of_Leonardo_-_WGA14795.jpg|thumb|]] '''𐌻𐌴𐍉𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍉 𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌹''' (Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci) (𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 15 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 1482 𐌹𐌽 [[𐌰𐌽𐌺𐌹𐌰𐌽𐍉]], 𐌱𐌹 [[𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌹]], 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 2 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 1519 𐌹𐌽 [[𐌰𐌼𐌱𐍅𐍉𐌹𐌶]]) 𐍅𐌰𐍃 [[𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰|𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃]] 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰, 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍄𐌰, 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃. 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐍃 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌳𐍉 𐌸𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] fp331ha3k3xdarqt5kqyqfc6ofqum5h 49264 49262 2026-07-27T18:14:45Z Eiliv 10999 49264 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Francesco_Melzi_-_Portrait_of_Leonardo_-_WGA14795.jpg|thumb|]] '''𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰''' (Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci) (𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 15 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 1482 𐌹𐌽 [[𐌰𐌽𐌺𐌹𐌰𐌽𐍉]], 𐌱𐌹 [[𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌹|𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰]], 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 2 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃 1519 𐌹𐌽 [[𐌰𐌼𐌱𐍅𐍉𐌹𐌶]]) 𐍅𐌰𐍃 [[𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰|𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃]] 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰, 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍄𐌰, 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃, 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃. 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐍃 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌴. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌳𐍉 𐌸𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] 7jrj0fwnjqqabxzp07z2saq3weyy2su 0 4728 49269 35872 2026-07-27T18:34:48Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌺𐍉𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳 𐌱𐌴𐌾𐌽]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌸𐍃 𐌱𐌴𐌾𐌽]] 35872 wikitext text/x-wiki '''𐌺𐍉𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 𐌱𐌴𐌾𐌽''' (𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌹: ''Konrad Stafford Bain'') [[𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰|𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌴]] 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃]] tmndsjt3mk9ncbtdmdos6xkhqxc8yb6 49271 49269 2026-07-27T18:43:29Z Eiliv 10999 49271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌸𐍃 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 𐌱𐌴𐌾𐌽''' (𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌹: ''Conrad Stafford Bain'') [[𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰|𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌴]] 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃]] 8qtctnycvpxhusrnellw3ebqnrygs0u 0 4747 49255 46510 2026-07-27T15:28:55Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌳 𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽]] 46510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Ronald Reagan 1981 presidential portrait.jpg|thumb|]] '''𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌳 𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽''' ([[𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌰𐌲𐌲]]. <small>''Ronald Wilson Reagan''</small>) 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂𐌳𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 [[𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰|𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌴]]. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] ctezj0h93i5i8absuk6klnk637j8fju 49257 49255 2026-07-27T15:29:13Z Eiliv 10999 49257 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Ronald Reagan 1981 presidential portrait.jpg|thumb|]] '''𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽''' ([[𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌰𐌲𐌲]]. <small>''Ronald Wilson Reagan''</small>) 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂𐌳𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 [[𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰|𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌴]]. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] bqamtll9fk7z83ufh19psdlqkilipuf 0 4749 49275 42229 2026-07-27T18:49:10Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐍂𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐍂𐌳 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐍆𐌹𐌸𐍃]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐍆𐌹𐌸𐍃]] 42229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:BAFTA_2007_(387023768).jpg|thumb|]] '''𐍂𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐍂𐌳 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐍆𐌹𐌸𐍃''' [[𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳|𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃]] 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃]] bzghsk1gldf4wi0tmhtcgtuqq8bzcu2 49277 49275 2026-07-27T18:49:25Z Eiliv 10999 49277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:BAFTA_2007_(387023768).jpg|thumb|]] '''𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐍆𐌹𐌸𐍃''' [[𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳|𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃]] 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃]] ctw8k0wxi2ph9pqsu576ohyvrqp7as9 0 4862 49258 47165 2026-07-27T15:43:10Z Eiliv 10999 49258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Newman Laugh-O-Gram (1921).webm|thumb|thumbtime=2|upright=1.5|''Newman Laugh-O-Gram'' (1921)]] '''𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌴𐌻𐌹𐌰𐍃 „𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍄“ 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌴𐌹''' ([[𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌰𐌲𐌲]]. <small>''Walter Elias Disney''</small>, •𐌴• 𐌾𐌹𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 •𐌰̅𐍊𐌰ʹ• – •𐌹𐌴• 𐌾𐌹𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 •𐌰̅𐍊𐌾𐌵ʹ•) [[𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰|𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌳𐍉𐍃]] 𐌾𐌰𐌷 [[𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰|𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍉𐍃]] 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐍄. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍅𐌹𐌺𐍉 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌼 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽]] p3n5hzzzrhad7gpz35ny31z09zvlyap 0 5007 49253 46238 2026-07-27T15:18:45Z Eiliv 10999 49253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''𐍃𐌿𐌲𐌲 𐌾𐌰𐌴-𐌲𐌹''' (𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰:성재기;成在基, [[11 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃]] [[1967]] - [[26 𐌷𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃]] [[2013]]) 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰, 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃 [[𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌰|𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐍉𐍃]]. 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 Association of Korean male 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰. ==Macintosh== * [http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/07/116_140028.html Activist's 'suicide' causes huge stir] Koreatimes 2013.07.26 (English) * [http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2013/07/27/0200000000AEN20130727001300320.html Police continue search for missing men's rights activist] yonhapnews 2013.07.27 (English) * [http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2013072913348 ''Suicide performance and journalist ethics] News Dongah'' (English) * [http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130729000881 Body of Sung Jae-gi found in Han River] Koreaherald 2013.07.29 (English) * [http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2013/11/08/seoul-bridge-of-life-still-attracts-suicide-attempts/ Seoul ‘Bridge of Life’ Attracts More Suicide Attempts] korearealtime 2013.11.08 (English) * [http://www.humanrightskorea.org/2013/opinion-now-showing-suicidal-performance-what/ <nowiki>[</nowiki>Opinion<nowiki>]</nowiki> Now Showing Suicidal Performance! WHAT?!] - humanrights moniter Southkorea (English) * [http://www.avoiceformen.com/mens-rights/mhra-sung-jae-gi-dead/ MHRA Sung Jae-gi dead] A-Voice of Man (English) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130801233640/http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201307292238-0022943 South Korean channel films suicide] (English) * [http://marcianosmx.com/grabacion-suicidio-corea-del-sur/ Grabación de un suicidio en Corea del Sur abre el debate sobre la ética de los medios de comunicación] (Español) * [http://www.elgonzi.com/2013/08/activista-sung-jae-ki-se-suicido-frente.html Activista Sung Jae-ki se suicidó frente a las cámaras de televisión] (Español) [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰]] g1jg91ve1z8zbbta4vus27qsiejk5ix 49254 49253 2026-07-27T15:19:17Z Eiliv 10999 49254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''𐍃𐌿𐌲𐌲 𐌾𐌰𐌴-𐌲𐌹''' (𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰:성재기;成在基, [[11 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃]] [[1967]] - [[26 𐌷𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌼𐌴𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃]] [[2013]]) 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰, 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃 [[𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰|𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐍉𐍃]]. 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 Association of Korean male 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰. ==Macintosh== * [http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/07/116_140028.html Activist's 'suicide' causes huge stir] Koreatimes 2013.07.26 (English) * [http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2013/07/27/0200000000AEN20130727001300320.html Police continue search for missing men's rights activist] yonhapnews 2013.07.27 (English) * [http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2013072913348 ''Suicide performance and journalist ethics] News Dongah'' (English) * [http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130729000881 Body of Sung Jae-gi found in Han River] Koreaherald 2013.07.29 (English) * [http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2013/11/08/seoul-bridge-of-life-still-attracts-suicide-attempts/ Seoul ‘Bridge of Life’ Attracts More Suicide Attempts] korearealtime 2013.11.08 (English) * [http://www.humanrightskorea.org/2013/opinion-now-showing-suicidal-performance-what/ <nowiki>[</nowiki>Opinion<nowiki>]</nowiki> Now Showing Suicidal Performance! WHAT?!] - humanrights moniter Southkorea (English) * [http://www.avoiceformen.com/mens-rights/mhra-sung-jae-gi-dead/ MHRA Sung Jae-gi dead] A-Voice of Man (English) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130801233640/http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201307292238-0022943 South Korean channel films suicide] (English) * [http://marcianosmx.com/grabacion-suicidio-corea-del-sur/ Grabación de un suicidio en Corea del Sur abre el debate sobre la ética de los medios de comunicación] (Español) * [http://www.elgonzi.com/2013/08/activista-sung-jae-ki-se-suicido-frente.html Activista Sung Jae-ki se suicidó frente a las cámaras de televisión] (Español) [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰]] f81dzju4pk43pdmswndgycv4lzhial7 0 6262 49265 47065 2026-07-27T18:31:05Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽]] 47065 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Leonard Cohen 2 2013 (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽 (2013)]] '''𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽''' ([[𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌰𐌲𐌲]]. <small>''Leonard Norman Cohen''</small>, •𐌺𐌰• 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂 •𐌰̅𐍊𐌻𐌳ʹ• – •𐌶• 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰-𐌾𐌹𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 •𐌱̅𐌹𐌵ʹ•) [[𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰|𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌴]] 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐍄. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃]] iqe954rw65dqo8h8ar5z1spwq5p3fgo 49267 49265 2026-07-27T18:31:23Z Eiliv 10999 49267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Leonard Cohen 2 2013 (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽 (2013)]] '''𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽''' ([[𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌰𐌲𐌲]]. <small>''Leonard Norman Cohen''</small>, •𐌺𐌰• 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂 •𐌰̅𐍊𐌻𐌳ʹ• – •𐌶• 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰-𐌾𐌹𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 •𐌱̅𐌹𐌵ʹ•) [[𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰|𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌴]] 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐍄. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃]] 3hgrr1wh8u3ylfue9vha6ow1wne36wp 49268 49267 2026-07-27T18:31:43Z Eiliv 10999 49268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Leonard Cohen 2 2013 (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽 (2013)]] '''𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽''' ([[𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌰𐌲𐌲]]. <small>''Leonard Norman Cohen''</small>, •𐌺𐌰• 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂 •𐌰̅𐍊𐌻𐌳ʹ• – •𐌶• 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰-𐌾𐌹𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 •𐌱̅𐌹𐌵ʹ•) [[𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰|𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌴]] 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐍄. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃]] fekltw2cy1asqqt6ky07avjf4crw6ef 0 6506 49272 46895 2026-07-27T18:46:54Z Eiliv 10999 49272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:J H Gallee.jpg|thumb|𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴]] '''𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴''' (𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽, •𐌸• 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂 •𐌰𐍉𐌼𐌶•, •𐌲• 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 •𐌰𐍁𐌷•) 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃, 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃. 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌳𐌿 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹. ==𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃== 𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴 •𐌸• 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂 •𐌰𐍉𐌼𐌶• 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐍅𐌰 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌴𐌻𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍃𐍄𐍃. 𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰 𐌳𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌶𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍄𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰. 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌳𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌼 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐌿𐌲• 𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐍆 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌷𐌹𐌰𐍃 𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 ''De dramatische vertoningen in de middeleeuwen.''. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐌿𐌱• 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰- 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐌼𐌸• 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄. 𐍄𐍅𐌰 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌰 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌴 𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐍀𐌱• 𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌰: ''Het Gotisch, de beginselen van het Sanskriet, de beginselen der vergelijkende Indo-Germaansche taalwetenschap in het algemeen en der Germaansche in het bijzonder, het Angelsaksisch en het Middel-Hoogduitsch'' (𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰, 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿-𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍉 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃, 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰). 𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌰 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰: De invloed van de taalstudie op het gebied der letteren en der mythologie. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐍁𐌱• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐌿𐌽 𐌰𐍆 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌰. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] mjxioio6bhpg3f0j0ulibht8kk5onsx 49273 49272 2026-07-27T18:47:12Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌺 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴]] 49272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:J H Gallee.jpg|thumb|𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴]] '''𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴''' (𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽, •𐌸• 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂 •𐌰𐍉𐌼𐌶•, •𐌲• 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 •𐌰𐍁𐌷•) 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃, 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃. 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌳𐌿 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹. ==𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃== 𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴 •𐌸• 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂 •𐌰𐍉𐌼𐌶• 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐍅𐌰 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌴𐌻𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍃𐍄𐍃. 𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰 𐌳𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌶𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍄𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰. 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌳𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌼 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐌿𐌲• 𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐍆 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌷𐌹𐌰𐍃 𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 ''De dramatische vertoningen in de middeleeuwen.''. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐌿𐌱• 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰- 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐌼𐌸• 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄. 𐍄𐍅𐌰 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌰 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌴 𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐍀𐌱• 𐌹𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌰: ''Het Gotisch, de beginselen van het Sanskriet, de beginselen der vergelijkende Indo-Germaansche taalwetenschap in het algemeen en der Germaansche in het bijzonder, het Angelsaksisch en het Middel-Hoogduitsch'' (𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰, 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿-𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍉 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃, 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰). 𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌰 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰: De invloed van de taalstudie op het gebied der letteren en der mythologie. 𐌹𐌽 •𐌰𐍉𐍁𐌱• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐌿𐌽 𐌰𐍆 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌰. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹]] mjxioio6bhpg3f0j0ulibht8kk5onsx 0 7031 49248 45436 2026-07-27T15:17:47Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv moved page [[𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌰]] to [[𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰]] over redirect 45436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb]] '''𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌰''' (대한민국) 𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌹𐌽 [[𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌰]]𐌹 𐌹𐍃𐍄. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃]] 34ns7imlo2lknbj6w61a3pjdf3njyee 49250 49248 2026-07-27T15:18:12Z Eiliv 10999 49250 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb]] '''𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰''' (대한민국) 𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌹𐌽 [[𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌰]]𐌹 𐌹𐍃𐍄. [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃]] ona1s1e1zwghm9pmar6xomm7dwjfzwz 14 7032 49251 42332 2026-07-27T15:18:34Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv moved page [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌰]] to [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰]] over redirect 42332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌰]] [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃]] 0wcq0wt0e0ium5tvr2h2cqnxhrdg7kz 0 8892 49279 48006 2026-07-28T11:03:55Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌻 𐍃𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐍃𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰]]: The Gothic form of the name might be Karils, or based on the more popular ending -ila, Karila. 48006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[𐍆𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰:Charlemagne_Louvre_OA8260_n1.jpg|thumb|'''𐌺'''𐌰𐍂𐌻 𐍃𐌰 '''𐌼'''𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰]] '''𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌻 𐍃𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰''' ([[𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰|𐌻𐌰𐍄]]. '''Carolus Magnus''' 𐌸𐌰𐌿 '''Karolus Magnus''') 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐍃𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌰 768 𐌿𐌽𐌳 𐌾𐌴𐍂 814 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 [[𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹|'''𐍆'''𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌹𐍃]] (𐌿𐌽𐌳 𐌾𐌴𐍂 771 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍂 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 '''𐌺'''𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰)· 𐌹𐌽 25 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌹𐍃 800 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍂𐍉𐍀𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃, 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂 𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌰, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌵𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌸 𐍅𐌰𐍃· 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐍃 '''𐌺'''𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌹𐍃 '''𐌼'''𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍃, 𐍃𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌰𐍆 '''𐌺'''𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌴· 𐌿𐍆 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌹𐍃 '''𐍆'''𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽· 6pixue6uu2jmjhqluzo4e1gu86e0hqp 2 9087 49278 49245 2026-07-28T06:43:36Z Eiliv 10999 49278 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is an attempt to catalogue the Gothic forms of various Norwegian place names. Of special value are the ones where we can expect a Proto-Norse or Proto-Germanic form, as those would easily have been borrowed into Gothic with minor adjustments (such as ''Oslo''; PN. ''*Ansulauhu'' → Gothic ''𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰''). This equally applies to the ones with name elements not found in Gothic, such as PN. ''*ferþuʀ'' and ''*būwiʀ'' (Got. ''*𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌿𐍃'', ''*𐌱𐌿𐍅𐍃''). * Agder → '''[[𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐍉𐍃]]''' (Agidōs); ON. ''Agðir'' f.pl., singular ''*Ǫgð'', PGem. ''*Agidō''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''egder'' (sg. ''egd'') → '''𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (agideis), ON. ''egðir'' m.pl, PGem. ''*agidīz''. * Aker → '''𐌰𐌺𐍂𐍃''' (Akrs); ON. ''Akr'', PGem. ''*akraz''. * Akershus → '''𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌿𐍃''' (Akrahūs); ON. ''akr'' + ''hús'', PGem. ''*akraz'' + ''hūsą''. * Alta → '''𐌰𐌻𐌱𐌹𐍄𐍃''' (Albits), '''𐌰𐌻𐌱𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''' (Albitáuja); ON. ''Alpti'' m., PGem. ''*albits'', ''*albuts''. Another name, ''*Alptey'' f., might have been the origin of Sami ''*Álapteajju'', later ''Álaheadju''. * Alvdal, Elvdal → '''𐌰𐌻𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃''' (Albidals); ON. ''Elfardalr'', PGem. ''*albī'' + ''*dalaz''. * Aremark → '''𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰''' (Aramarka); ON. ''*Aramǫrk'', PGem. ''*arô'' + ''*markō''. * Asker (Askar) → '''𐌰𐍃𐌺𐍉𐍃''' (Askōs); ON. ''Askar'' m.pl., PN. *ᚨᛊᚲᛟᛉ (''*Askōʀ''). * Askim → '''𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃''' (Askaháims); ON. ''Ask(h)eimr'', PGem. ''*askaz'' + ''*haimaz''. * Askvoll → '''𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌿𐍃''' (Askawalþus); ON. ''*Askvǫllr'', PGem. ''*askaz'' + ''*walþuz''. * Aspern → '''𐌰𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (Aspeis); ON. ''Aspir'' m., PGem. ''*Aspijaz''. * Austfold, Østfold, see ''Fold''. * Bardu → '''𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐍉''' (Bardjō). Sami ''Beardu'', possibly from a word borrowed from PN. ''*bardiō(n)'', PGem. ''*bardiǭ'' or ''*bardiō'', derived from ''*bardą'', ''*bardaz''. * Bjørgvin, Bergen → '''[[𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰]]''' (Baírgawinja); ON. ''Bjǫrgvin'', ''*Biargwin'' f., PN. *ᛒᛖᚱᚷᚨᚹᛁᚾᛃᚢ (''*Bergawinju''), PGem. ''*bergą'' + ''*winjō''. * Bodø, Bodøya, Bodin → '''𐌱𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰''' (Budawinja); ON. ''Boðin'' f., older ''*Boðawin'', PGem. ''*budô'' + ''*winjō''. * Borre → '''𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌷𐌰''' (Baúrdawranha); ON. ''Borró'' f., older ''*Borðró'', PGem. ''*burdą'' + ''*wranhō''. * Bragernes (Brakenes, Branes) → '''𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹''' (Brakanasi); ON. ''Brakanes'' n., from ''braki'' + ''nes'', PGem. ''*brakô'' + ''nasją''. * Bygland → '''𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Biggwaland); ON. ''Byggland'', PGem. ''*bewwą'' + ''*landą''. * Bærum, Bærom → '''𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃''' (Baírgaháims); ON. ''Berg(h)eimr'', PGem. ''*bergą'' + ''*haimaz''. * Dramn, Drammen → '''[[𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌽𐌰]]''' (Drabna); ON. ''Drǫfn'' f. (gen. ''Drafnar''), ''Drafn'' m., PN. *ᛞᚱᚨᛒᚾᚢ (''*Drabnu''), PGem. ''Drabnō'', ''n''-derivation of ''*drabaz''. * Eigerøya → '''𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰''' (Áikunþa), or maybe '''𐌰𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰''' (Áiqinþa) (?); ON. ''Eikund'' f., PGem. ''*Aikwenþō'', ''*Aikunþō'', ''*aiks'' + ''*-wenþō'', ''*-unþō''. ** Eigersund, Egersund → '''𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍉𐍃''' (Sund Áikunþōs), '''𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳''' (Áikunþasund); ON. ''Eikundarsund'' n., ''Eikund'' + ''sund'', PGem. ''*sundą''. * Eiker → '''𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌾𐍉𐍃''' (Áikjōs); ON. ''Eikjar'' f.pl. from the neuter ''eiki'', PGem. ''*aikiją''. * Eikeren → '''𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (Áikeis); ON. ''Eikir'' m., PGem. ''*Aikijaz'', from ''*aiks''. * Eina → '''𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰'''; ON. ''*Eini'' m. (dat. ''Eina''), PGem. ''*Jainijô'', from ''*jainijaz'' (juniper). Synonyms derived from the name are ''Einafjord'' → '''𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌿𐍃''' and ''Einavatn'' → '''𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉'''. * Evje → '''𐌰𐌱𐌾𐍉''' (Abjō); ON. ''Efja'' m., PGem. ''*abjǭ''. * Finnmark → '''𐍆𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰''' (Finnamarka); ON. ''Finnmǫrk'', PGem. ''*finnaz'' + ''*markō''. * Fjordane → '''𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌾𐌿𐍃''' (Faírþjus); ON. ''Firðir'' m.pl., PGem. ''*ferþuz''. * Flora, Florø → '''𐍆𐌻𐍉𐍅𐍂𐍉''' (Flōwrō), '''𐍆𐌻𐍉𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍉''' (Flōwarō); ON. ''Flóra'' f., PGem. ''*flōw(a)rǭ''. * Flåm → '''𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍉𐍃''' (Flahōs); ON. ''Flár'' f.pl. (dat. ''Flám''), PGem. ''*flahō''. * Fold (Vest-, Aust-) → '''𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰''' (Fulda); ON. ''Fold'' f., PGem. ''*fuldō''<!--, ''*fulþō''-->. * Follo → '''𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰''' (Fuldaláuha); ON. ''Folló'', older ''Fold(ar)ló'', ''Fold'' + ''ló'', PGem. ''*fuldō''<!--, ''*fulþō''--> + ''*lauhō''. * Fosen, Fosna → '''𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌲𐍃𐌽𐌰''' (Fulgsna); ON. ''Fólgsn'', ''Fólksn'', ''sn''-derivation from ''fela'' (part. ''folginn''), PGem. ''*felhaną'' (part. ''*fulganaz''). * Fredrikstad → '''𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌸𐍃''' (Friþureikstaþs), '''𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌸𐍃''' (Friþareikeistaþs) (?). PGem. ''*Friþurīks'' + ''*stadiz''. * Frøya → '''𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''' (Fráuja); ON. ''Frey'' f., PGem. ''*Frawjō''. * Fyresdal → '''𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃''' (Faúrhidals); ON. ''Fyrisdalr'', from ''*Fyrir'' (lake name), PGem. ''*Furhijaz'' (?), from ''*furhwǭ'' / ''*furhō''. * Førde (Fyrde) → '''𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌿𐍃''' (Faírþus); ON. ''Firði'' (dat. of ''Fjǫrðr''), PGem. ''*ferþuz''. * Geilo → '''𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍉𐍃''' (Gáilōs); ON. ''Geilar'' f.pl. (dat. ''Geilum''), PGem. ''*gailō''. * Geiranger (Gjerangen) → '''𐌲𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃''' (Garwjaggrs); ON. ''*Gerangr'', older ''*Gerwangʀ'', PN. *ᚷᚨᚱᚹᛁᚨᛜᚱᚨᛉ (''*Garwiangraʀ), PGem. ''*garwijō'' + ''*angraz''.<ref>Oddvar Nes (1984), “Geiranger”, in ''Namn og nemne'' (in Norwegian), [https://www.nb.no/items/b2656ee725fc71f15ca1a5c58f2b500e?page=38| page 37]</ref> * Gjøvik (Djøvik, Djivik) → '''𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃''' (Diupweiks); ON. ''Djúpvík'', PGem. ''*deupaz'' + ''*wīks''. * Gol (Gord) → '''𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌰''' (Garda); ON. ''Gǫrð'' f. (gen. ''Garðar''), PN. *ᚷᚨᚱᛞᚢ (''*Gardu''), derived from ''*gardaz''. * Granvin (Grove) → '''𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰''' (Granawinja); ON. ''Granvin'' f., PGem. ''*granō'' + ''*winjō''. * Grenland → '''𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Graniland); ON. ''Grenland'' n., PGem. ''*granīz'' m.pl. + ''*landą''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''grener'' m.pl. → '''𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (graneis), ON. ''grenir'', PGem. ''*granīz''. Cf. Latin ''gran(n)ii''. * Gudbrandsdal → '''𐌲𐌿𐌸𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍉𐍃''' (Guþabrandadalōs); ON. ''Guðbrandsdalir'' m.pl., ''Guðbrandr'' + ''dalr'', PGem. ''*gudą'' + ''*brandaz'' + ''*dalaz''. * Hadsel → '''𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌻''' (Háubiþasigl); ON. ''Hǫfðasegl'' n., PGem. ''*habudô'' (← ''*habudą'') + ''*seglą''. * Hajeren (Hagjeren) → '''𐌷𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐍃''' (Hagjis); ON. ''*Hagir'' m., an ''ija''-derivation of older ''*Hagi''. Possibly newer than Proto-Norse, or else it would have been ''*Hagīʀ'', PGem. ''*hagô'' + ''*-ijaz''. What’s clear is that it must originate from after Holtzmann’s law, as PGem. *Hagjaz'' would have turned into ''*Heggr''. * Halden (Hallen) → '''𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰''' (Halla), '''𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌿𐍃''' (Hallus). Danish name ''Fredrikshald'' (1665–1928); ON. ''hǫll'' (hall), PGem. ''hallō'', or ''hallr'' (slope), PGem. ''halluz''. * Hamar → '''𐌷𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍂𐍃''' (Hamars); ON. ''Hamarr'' m., PGem. ''*hamaraz''. * Hamarfest, Hammerfest → '''𐌷𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹''' (Hamarafasti); ON. ''hamarr'' m., PGem. ''*hamaraz'' + ''festr'' f., PN. *ᚠᚨᛊᛏᛁᛟᛉ (''fastiōʀ''), PGem. ''fastijō''. * Hardanger → '''𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃''' (Harudaggrs); ON. ''Harðangr'' m., PGem. ''*harudaz'' + ''*angraz''. * Harstad → '''𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (Harudastaþeis); ON. ''*Harðarstaðir'' m.pl., ''Hǫrðr'' (male name) + ''staðr'', PGem. ''*harudaz'' + ''*stadiz''. * Haugalandet → '''𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Háugaland); ON. ''Haugar'' m.pl. (farm name) + ''land'', PGem. ''*haugaz'' + ''*landą''. * Haugesund → '''𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳''' (Háugasund); ON. ''Haugar'' m.pl. (farm name) + ''sund'', PGem. ''*haugaz'' + ''*sundą''. * Heidmark, Hedmark → '''𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰''' (Háiþimarka), '''𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰''' (Háiþinamarka); ON. ''Heiðmǫrk'' f., from ''heiðnir'' (tribe name, [[w:en:Chaedini|Chaedini]]), PGem. ''*haiþīnaz''. * Herad → '''𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌳''' (Harjirēd); ON. ''Herað'' m., PGem. ''*harjarēdą'', from ''*harjaz'' + ''*rēdą''. Alternative etymologies include ''*harjaraidō'' and ''*hīwarāðą'' (from ''*hīwą''). * Hjerkinn (Hjerdkinn) → '''𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍃''' (Haírdakinnus); ON. ''Hjarðkinn'' f., PGem. ''*herdō'' + ''*kinnuz''. * Honningsvåg → '''𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰𐍅𐍅𐌴𐌲𐍃''' (Haúrnuggawēgs); ON. ''*Hornungsvágr'' m., from ''*Hornungr'' (likely mountain name) + ''vágr'', PGem. ''*hurną'' + ''*wēgaz''. * Hordaland → '''𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Harudaland); ON. ''Hǫrðaland'' n., PGem. ''*harudaz'' + ''*landą''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''hordar'' m.pl. → '''𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌳𐍉𐍃''' (harudōs), ON. ''hǫrðar'', PGem. ''*harudōz''. Cf. ''[[w:en:Charudes|Charudes]]'' (Harudes). * Hålogaland → '''𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Háuhláugjaland); ON. ''Hálogaland'', from gen. pl. of ''háleygir'' m., PGem. ''hauhalaugijaz''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''håløyger'' m.pl. → '''𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐍉𐍃''' (háuhláugjōs), ON. ''háleygir'', PGem. ''*hauhalaugijōz''. * Jæren (Jâren) → '''𐌹𐌳𐌰𐍂𐍃''' (Idars); ON. ''Jaðarr'' m., PGem. ''*edaraz''. * Karmøy (Kartå) → '''𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍄𐌰''' (Karmta), '''𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''' (Karmauja); ON. ''Kǫrmt'' f. (gen. ''Karmtar''), derived from ''karmr'', PGem. ''*karmaz''. Uncertain derivation suffix, possibly either ''*-þō'' or ''-dō''. * Kirkenes, Kyrkjenes → '''𐌺𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹''' (Kirikjanasi), '''𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹''' (Aíkklēsjanasi); ON. ''kirkja'' + ''nes'' n., replaced older ''Pisselvnes'' (piss river ness) and ''Håkjerringnes'' (Greenland shark ness), the latter a translation of Sami ''Áhkolatnjárga''. Modern Sami ''Girkonjárga'' (after Norwegian), Finnish ''Kirkkoniemi''. * Krøderen → '''𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌷𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (Kranhōdeis); ON. ''Krǿðir'' m., PN. *ᚲᚱᚨᚺᚢᛞᛁᛉ (''Krāhudīʀ''), older ᚲᚱᚨᚾᚺᚢᛞᛁᚨᛉ (''*Kranhudiaʀ''), PGem. ''*Kranhōdijaz'', ''ia''-derivation of ''*kranhōdaz'', from ''*kranhō'', cf. ''*wranhō''.<ref>Arnoldus Hille (1983), “Innsjønavnet Krøderen”, in ''Fra ord til navn'' (in Norwegian Bokmål), [https://www.nb.no/items/adc92014764171e1fd7f34c138b6da5f?page=82| page 83]</ref> * Leikanger → '''𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍉𐍃''' (Láikawaggōs); ON. ''Leikvangir'' m.pl, PGem. ''*laikaz'' + ''*wangaz'' (pl. ''*wangōz''). * Lier (Lider) → '''𐌷𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌳𐍉𐍃''' (Hleidōs); ON. ''Líðir'' f.pl., older ''*Hlíðir'', PGem. ''*hlīdō''. * Lindesnes → '''𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹''' (Leiþandnasi); ON. ''Líðandi'' + ''nes'', PGem. ''*līþandz'' + ''*nasją''. * Lofot(en) → '''𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃''' (Laúhafōtus); ON. ''Lófótr'', PGem. ''*luhǭ'' (← ''*luhsaz'', cf. ''*fuhǭ'') + ''*fōts''. * Lom → '''𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍉𐍃''' (Láuhōs); ON. ''Lóar'' (dat. ''Lóm'', ''Lóum''), PGem. ''*lauhō''. * Mjøs, Mjøsa → '''𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃𐌰''' (Maírsa); ON. ''Mjǫrs'', PN. *ᛗᛖᚱᛊᚢ (''*Mersu''), PGem. ''*Mersō''. * Molde → '''𐌼𐌿𐌻𐌳𐍉𐍃''' (Muldōs); ON. ''Moldar'' f.pl., PGem. ''*muldō''. * Morn, Marna, Mandalselva → '''𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰''' (Marna); ON. ''Mǫrn'' f., PGem. ''*Marnō'', a derivation of ''*mari'', cf. ''𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹''. Another teaory claims it comes from ''*marhaz'', thus giving ''*Marhnō'' → '''𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌽𐌰''', cf. ''*𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃''. ** Mandal, Marnardal → '''𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃''' (Marnadals); ON. ''Marnardalr'' m., PGem. ''*Marnō'' + ''*dalaz''. * Mysen, Møsi → '''𐌼𐌿𐍃𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰''' (Musawinja); ON. ''Mysin'' f., older ''*Muswin'', PN. *ᛗᚢᛊᚨᚹᛁᚾᛃᚢ (''*Musawinju''), PGem. ''*musô'' + ''winjō''. * Møre (Sunn-, Nord-) → '''𐌼𐍉𐍂𐌹''' (Mōri) (''𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰-'', ''𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰-''); ON. ''Mǿrr'' f. (dat. ''Mǿri''), PN. *ᛗᛟᚱᛁᛟᛉ (''*Mōriōʀ''), PGem. ''*Mōrijō'' / ''*Mōrī''. * Narvik → '''𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌿𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃''' (Naírþuweiks); ON. ''*Njarðarvík'' (''Njǫrðr'' + ''vík''), PGem. ''*Nerþuz'' + ''*wīks''. * Nes → '''𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹''' (Nasi); ON. ''Nes'', PGem. ''*Nasją''. A name found multiple places, either as villages, municipalities or farms. * Nesbyen → '''𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌿𐍅𐍃''' (Nasjabūws); ON. ''*Nesbýr'', PGem. ''*Nasją'' + ''*būwiz''. * Nisser → '''𐌽𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃''' (Nidwasáiws); ON. ''Nizir'', ''*Niðsær'', PGem. ''*Nidwō'' + ''*saiwiz''. ** Nissedal → '''𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃''' (Dals Nidwasáiwis); ON. ''*Nizidalr''. * Nordby → '''𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌿𐍅𐍃''' (Naúrþrabūws); ON. ''Norðbýr'', PGem. ''*nurþraz'' + ''*būwiz''. * Nordland → '''𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Naúrþraland); ON. ''norðr'' + ''land'', PGem. ''*nurþraz'' + ''*landą''. * Noreg, Norway<ref name=eng-name>English name that is or has been in use.</ref> → '''[[𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃|𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃]]''' (Naúrþrawigs), or less preferable, '''𐌽𐍉𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃''' (Nōrawigs); ON. ''Noregr'', ''Norvegr'', possibly older ''*Norðvegr'' (cf. OEn. ''Norðweg''), PGem. ''*nurþraz'' + ''*wegaz''. Another theory is ''*Nórvegr'', from ''nór'' (narrow sound), PGem. ''*nōrą'', ''*nōraz'', as it better aligns with attested Norse forms, with a consistent lack of ''-ð-'', and an occasional long vowel (''Nóregr''). Foreign forms that reflect ''*nurþraz'' might stem from a conflation with ''norðmaðr'', PGem. ''*nurþramannz''. *: Another historical name is ''Norðmannaland'', whose Gothic form would be '''𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴''' (Land naúrþamannē) or '''𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Naúrþramanaland). *: The origin of the name is explained in Orkneyinga Saga as coming from the legendary founder Nor → '''𐌽𐍉𐍂𐍃''' (Nōrs); ON. ''Nórr'', PGem. ''*Nōraz'', derived from ''*nōrą''. However it might be the other way around instead. * Onsaker → '''𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐍂𐍃''' (Wōdanakrs); ON. ''*Óðinsakr'' m., PGem. ''*Wōdanaz'' + ''*akraz''. * Onsrud → '''𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌳''' (Wōdanarud), '''𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌷𐌿𐍆''' (Wōdanahuf); ON. ''Óðinn'' + ''ruð'' n. (← PGem. ''*rudą''), older ''Óðinshof'' n., PGem. ''*Wōdanaz'' + ''*hufą''. * Onsøy → '''𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''' (Wōdanáuja); ON. ''Óðinsey'' f., PGem. ''*Wōdanaz'' + ''*awjō''. * Oppland (Uppland) → '''𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰''' (Iuplanda); ON. ''Upplǫnd'' n.pl., PGem. ''*upp'' + ''*landą''. * Orkanger → '''𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃''' (Waúrkaggrs); ON. ''*Ork'' + ''angr'', PGem. ''*wurkijaną'' (''*Wurkō''?) + ''*angraz''. * Orkdal → '''𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃''' (Waúrkadals); ON. ''Orkardalr'', older ''*Orkardalr'', PGem. ''*wurkijaną'' (''*Wurkō''?) + ''*dalaz''. * Orkla (river) → '''𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍉''' (Waúrkilō), → '''𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰''' (Waúrka); ON. ''*Orkla'' f., older ''*Ork'' f., PGem. ''*wurkijaną'' (''*Wurkō''?). * Orkland → '''𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Waúrkaland); ON. ''*Ork'' + ''land'', PGem. ''*wurkijaną'' (''*Wurkō''?) + ''*landą''. * Oslo → '''[[𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰]]''' (Ansuláuha); ON. ''Ósló'', ''Ǫ́sló'', ''Ásló'' f., PN. *ᚨᚾᛊᚢᛚᚨᚢᚺᚢ (''*Ansulauhu''), *ᚨᚾᛊᚢᛚᛟᚺᚢ (''*Ansulōhu''). *: The origin of ''Oslo'' has been up to debate, with several theories spanning between ''*ansaz'' / ''*amsaz'' (mountain ridge) and ''*ōsaz'' (estuary), however the vowel was nasal in Old Norse, as seen in Dutch ''Ansloo'' and Latin ''Ansloa'', so ''*ōsaz'' is ruled out. The third theory is ''*ansuz'' (god), which due to ''u''-umlaut would explain the ''ó-'' vowel (cf. the form ''óss'' alongside ''áss'', and names like ''Ósmundr'' / ''Ásmundr''). The latter element ''ló'' is the PGem. ''*lauhō'' f. (meadow), an alternative form of the masculine ''*lauhaz'' which gave rise to the West Germanic forms.<ref>Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “[https://ordsifjabok.arnastofnun.is/faersla/13840| Osló]”, in ''Íslensk orðsifjabók'', Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies</ref> The Gothic adaptation could very well use the feminine form for consistency, as the word is not attested in this language, and it would be natural for it to be borrowed in the feminine form had Gothic gotten it from Proto-Norse. * Otra, Otre → '''𐌿𐍄𐍂𐍉''' (Utrō); ON. ''Otra'', PGem. ''*Utrǭ'' (?), ''ōn''-derivation of ''*utraz''. ** Oddernes (Otrenes) → '''𐌿𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹''' (Utranasi); ON. ''Otrunes'', PGem. ''*Utrǭ'' (?) (''ōn''-derivation of ''*utraz'') + ''*nasją''. ** Odderøya (Otrøya) → '''𐌿𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''' (Utráuja); ON. ''Otrey'', ''Otruey'', from ''Otra'', PGem. ''*Utrǭ'' (?) (''ōn''-derivation of ''*utraz'') + ''*awjō''. * Otta → '''𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍉''' (Uhtō); ON. ''Ótta'' f., from ''ótti'' (fear, dread), PGem. ''*uhtô''. * Ringerike → '''𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹''' (Hriggareiki); ON. ''Hringaríki'' n., PGem. ''*hringaz'' + ''*rīkiją''. * Rogaland → '''𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Rugiland); ON. ''Rogaland'', PGem. ''*rugīz'' (sg. ''*rugiz'') + ''*landą''. Cf. [[w:en:Rugiland|Rugiland]] and [[w:en:Rügen|Rügen]]. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''ryger'' m.pl. → '''𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (rugeis), ON. ''rygir'', PGem. ''*rugīz''. Cf. ''[[w:en:Rugii|Rugii]]''. * Romerike → '''𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹''' (Raumareiki); ON. ''Raumaríki'' n., PGem. ''*rīkiją''. * Ryfylke → '''𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌹𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺𐌹''' (Rugifulki) or '''𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺𐌹 𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌴''' (Fulki Rugē); ON. ''Rygjafylki'', gen. of ''rygir'' + ''fylki'', PGem. ''*rugīz'' + ''*fulkiją''. * Røros (Røyros) → '''𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃''' (Ráudjamunþs); ON. ''*Reyðaróss'', PGem. ''*raudijō'' (from ''*raudaz'') + ''*ōsaz''. * Røst → '''𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰''' (Wrasta); ON. ''Rǫst'', PGem. ''*wrastō''. * Røyken → '''𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰''' (Hráukawinja); ON. ''Reykin'' f., older ''*Hreyk(w)in'', ''*Hrauk(w)in'', PGem. ''*hraukaz'' + ''*winjō''. * Salten, Salta (in Nordland) → '''𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍆𐍄𐌰''' (Salfta); ON. ''Salpti'' m., ''t''-derivation of the PIE root ''*selp-''. * Sauda → '''𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍉𐍃''' (Sáuþōs), ON. ''*Sauðar'' m.pl., PGem. ''*seuþaną''. * Sel → '''𐍃𐌹𐌻''' (Sil); ON. ''Sil'' n., PGem. ''*silą'' (?). * Selbu → '''𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌱𐌿''' (Silabū); ON. ''*Seli'' (lake name) + ''bú'' n., PGem. ''*silô'' + ''*būą''. * Selje, Selja → '''𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉''' (Saljō); ON. ''Selja'' f., derivation of ''sel'' n., PGem. ''*salją''. * Sira → '''𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍈𐌰𐍂𐍉''' (Seiƕarō), '''𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌰''' (Seiƕara); ON. ''Síra'' f. (← PGem. ''*Sīhwarǭ''), or ''Síri'' m. (gen. ''Síra''), PGem. ''*Sīhwarô''. Related to ''*sīhwaną''. * Sirdal → '''𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃''' (Seiƕaradals); ON. ''Síra'' (river name) + ''dalr'' n., PGem. ''*Sīhwarǭ'' (?) + ''*dalaz''. Related to ''*sīhwaną''. * Skien (Skida) → '''𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌸𐍉''' (Skiþō); ON. ''Skiða'', from the root ''skiþ-'' (to split), cf. ''𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽''. * Skoger (Skogar) → '''𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌲𐍉𐍃''' (Skōgōs); ON. ''Skógar'' m.pl., PGem. ''*skōgaz''. * Snåsa (Snòsa, Snasa) → '''𐍃𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌰''' (Snasa); ON. ''Snǫs'' f. (gen. ''Snasar''), from ''snǫs'', related to ''nǫs'', PGem. ''*nasō''. * Sogn → '''𐍃𐌿𐌲𐌽𐍃''' (Sugns); ON. ''Sogn'' m., ''n''-derivation of ''súga'', PGem. ''*sūganą''. PGem. ''*Sugnaz'' (?). *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''sygner'' (sg. ''sygn'') → '''𐍃𐌿𐌲𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (sugneis), ON. ''sygnir'' m.pl, PGem. ''*sugnīz''. * Spydeberg (Speberg) → '''𐍃𐍀𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐍃''' (Spiutabaírgs); ON. ''Spjótaberg'', PGem. ''*speutą'' + ''*bergą''. * Stavanger → '''𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃''' (Stafaggrs); ON. ''Stafangr'', PGem. ''*stabaz'' + ''*angraz''. * Steinkjer → '''𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌰𐍃𐌰''' (Stáinakasa); ON. ''Steinker'' n.pl., PGem. ''*stainaz'' + ''*kazą''. * Stjørdal → '''𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃''' (Stiuradals); ON. ''Stjóradalr'', from ''*Stjór'' (river name), possibly from the PGem. root ''*steur-'', whence also ''*stiurijaną''. * Stord → '''𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰''' (Staurda); ON. ''Storð'' f., PGem. ''*sturdō''. * Stryn → '''𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌽𐍉𐍃''' (Striunōs); ON. ''Strjónar'' f.pl., from ''*Strjón'' f. (river name), PGem. root ''*streun-''. * Svalbard → '''𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃''' (Swalabards); ON. ''Svalbarð'' n., ''Svalbarðr'' m., PGem. ''*swalaz'' + ''*bardą'', ''*bardaz''. * Svelvik (Sverdvik) → '''𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃''' (Swaírbiþaweiks); ON. ''Sverðvík'' f., ''*sverfð'' (''sverfa'' + ''-ð'') + ''vík'', PGem. ''*swerbaną'' + ''*-iþō'' + ''*wīks''. * Svolvær → '''𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌹''' (Swalawari); ON. ''*Svǫlver'' n., older ''*Swalwęr'', PGem. ''*swalaz'' + ''*warją''. * Sæbø → '''𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌱𐌿𐍅𐍃''' (Sáiwabūws); ON. ''Sævarbýr'' m., PGem. ''*saiwaz'' + ''*būwaz''. * Telemark → '''𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰''' (Þaílimarka); ON. ''Þelamǫrk'' f., ''þilir'' + ''mǫrk'', PGem. ''*þelīz'' (?) + ''*markō''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''teler'' → '''𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (þaileis), ON. ''þilir'' m.pl, PGem. ''*þelīz''. * Toten (Totn) → '''𐌸𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌽''' (Þūhtn); ON. ''Þótn'', PGem. ''*Þūnhtną'', ''*Þūnhtīną''. * Tromsø, Troms (Trums) → '''𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍃𐌰''' (Trumsa); ON. ''Trums'' f. * Tromsøya (Trumsøya) → '''𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''' (Trumsáuja); ON. ''Trums'' f. + ''ey'', PGem. ''*awjō''. * Trondheim, Throwendham<ref name=eng-name /> → '''[[𐌸𐍂𐍉𐍅𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃]]''' (Þrōwōndháims); ON. ''Þrónd(h)eimr'' m., PGem. ''*þrōwōndz'' + ''*haimaz''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place (or Trøndelag) is ''trønder'' m.pl. → '''𐌸𐍂𐍉𐍅𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃''' (þrōwōnds), ON. ''þrǿndr'' (sg. ''þróndr''), PGem. ''*þrōwōndiz''. * Træna → '''𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌽𐌰''' (Þridna); ON. ''Þriðn'' f., ''n''-derivation of ''*þrið'' (unit of three), PGem. ''*þridō''. Related to ''*þridjô'' and ''*þrīz''. * Trøndelag → '''[[𐌸𐍂𐍉𐍅𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰]]''' (Þrōwōndlaga) n.pl., or '''𐌸𐍂𐍉𐍅𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌸''' (Þrōwōndwitōþ) n.; ON. ''Þrǿndalǫg'' n.pl., PGem. ''*þrōwōndz'' + ''*lagą'' (pl. ''*lagō''). Cf. ''Danalǫg'', OEn. ''Dena lagu'' (Danelaw). * Tysnes → '''𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹''' (Teiwanasi); ON. ''Týsnes'' n., PGem. ''*Tīwaz'' + ''*nasją''. * Ulstein → '''𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃''' (Wulfastáins); ON. ''*Ulfsteinn'' m.pl., ''ulfr'' + ''steinn'', PGem. ''*wulfaz'' + ''*stainaz''. * Ulvestad → '''𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (Wulfastaþeis); ON. ''*Ulfastaðir'' m.pl., from ''*Ulfi'' (male name), or ''*Ulfustaðir'' from ''*Ulfa'' f. (river name). All from PGem. ''*wulfaz''. * Vadsø, Vatsøy → '''𐍅𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''' (Watáuja); ON. ''*Vatsey'', PGem. ''*watōr'' + ''*awjō''. * Valdres → '''𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌹''' (Walþulasi); ON. ''Valdres'', older ''*Waldles'' n., PGem. ''*walþuz'' + ''*lasją'', a relative of ''*lēswō'' (PWGem. ''*lāsu'').<ref>Per Hovda (1978), ''Frå hav til hei'' (in Norwegian), [https://www.nb.no/items/844335f14a639430f6a1e5b94f29705c?page=207| page 196]</ref> * Valle → '''𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌿𐍃''' (Walþjus); ON. ''*Vellir'' m.pl. (gen. ''Valla''), PGem. ''*walþuz''. * Vang → '''𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃''' (Waggs); ON. ''Vangr'' m., PGem. ''*wangaz''. * Vardø (Vordøy, Vargøy) → '''𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''' (Warþáuja), '''𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''' (Wargáuja); ON. ''*Vǫrð(u)ey'' (← PGem. ''*warþǭ'', ''*warþō''), older name ''Vargey'', PGem. ''*wargaz'' + ''*awjō''. * Vefsn, Vefsna → '''𐍅𐌰𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌽𐌰''' (Wabisna); ON. ''*Vefsn'' f., ''sn''-derivation of the PGem. root ''*wab-'', ''*web-'', whence also ''*wabjaną''. * Vanse → '''𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰''' (Wanaweihawinja); ON. ''*Vanavésvin'' f., PGem. ''*wanaz'' + ''*wīhą'' + ''*winjō''. * Varanger → '''𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃''' (Warjaggrs); ON. ''*Ver(j)angr'', PGem. ''*warją'' + ''*angraz''. * Verdal → '''𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃''' (Waíradals), '''𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃''' (Wisadals); ON. ''Verdalr'', from ''*Ver'' (river name), possibly related to ''vera'' , or an old root ''*wer-'', ''*war-'' with the meaning of water (cf. ''Voss''). * Vestfold, see ''Fold''. * Vika → '''𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃''' (Weiks); ON. ''Víkin'', PGem. ''*wīks''. *: Inhabitants of this area are traditionally called ''vikveærer'' / ''-verer'' (or ''vikverjar'') m.pl. → '''𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐍉𐍃''' (weikwarjōs), sg. '''-𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃''' (-warjis); ON. ''víkverjar'', ''víkverir'', PGem. ''*wīks'' + ''*-warjōz'' (sg. ''*-warjaz''). * Vinje (Vinja) → '''𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌾𐍉𐍃''' (Winjōs); ON. ''Vinjar'' f.pl. (modern form from gen. ''Vinja''), PGem. ''*winjō'' (pl. ''*winjôz''). * Vold(a) → '''𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰''' (Walda), '''𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃''' (Walds); ON. ''*Vǫld'' (?) f., ''Valdr'' m., PN. *ᚹᚨᛚᛞᚢ (''*Waldu'') (?). * Voss → '''𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃𐌰''' (Warsa); ON. ''Vǫrs'' f., PGem. ''*Warsō'', ''*Warusō''. * Vossavangen → '''𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃''' (Warsawaggs); ON. ''Vǫrs'' + ''vangr'' m., PGem. ''*wangaz''. * Vågå → '''𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌰''' (Waga); ON. ''Vaga'', dat. of ''*Vagi''. Related to ''vega'', PGem. ''*weganą''. * Ål → '''𐌴𐌻𐍃''' (Ēls); ON. ''Áll'' m., PGem. ''*ēlaz''. * Ålesund → '''𐌴𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳''' (Ēlasund); ON. ''*Álasund'' n., PGem. ''*ēlaz'' + ''*sundą''. * Ørst(a) → '''𐍅𐍉𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰''' (Wōrista), '''𐍅𐍉𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃''' (Wōrists); ON. ''Ǿrst'' (?) f., ''Ǿrstr'' m., older ''*Wōristʀ''. * Øyer (Øye) → '''𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃''' (Áujōs); ON. ''*Eyja'', gen. pl. of ''ey'', PGem. ''*awjō'', or dat./gen. of ''*Eyi'', PGem. ''*awjô''. The word ''*𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰'' (← PGem. ''*awjō'') is not attested in Gothic, however it’s a common word across the rest of the Germanic languages, so the odds are low for it having fallen out of Gothic. The form is also quite apparent based on similar words like ''*frawjǭ'' and ''*frawjô'' (→ ''𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉'', ''𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰''). To properly adapt Germanic place names to Gothic, ''*𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰'' would need to be revived. * Øyeren → '''𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃''' (Aweis); ON. ''*Eyir'', PGem. ''*Awijaz'', from ''*awjō''. <!--* Hareid → '''𐌷𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹''' (Haþáidi); ON. ''Haðareið'', PGem. ''*Haþuz'' + ''*aidiją''.--> ===Place names outside of modern Norway=== * Båhus, Bohus → '''𐌱𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌿𐍃''' (Bēgahūs), '''𐌱𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌼𐍃''' (Bēgahulms); ON. ''Bágahús'' (← PGem. ''*hūsą''), older ''Bágaholmr'', PGem. ''*bēgaz'' (weak decl. ''*bēgô'') + ''*hulmaz''. * Færøyane, Faroe Islands → '''𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃''' (Fahisáujōs); ON. ''Færeyjar'', PGem. ''*fahiz'' n. + ''*awjō''. * Herjådal, Herjedal → '''𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐍈𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃''' (Harjaƕadals); ON. ''Herjádalr'', PGem. root ''*her-'', ''*har-'' + ''*ahwō'' + ''*dalaz''. * Hjaltland, Shetland → '''𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Hiltaland); ON. ''Hjaltland'', PGem. ''*heltą'' + ''*landą''. * Jamteland, Jamtland → '''𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Imatjaland); ON. ''Jamtaland'', PGem. ''*ematjaz'', from a verb ''*ematjaną'' (related to ''*nemaną'' + ''-atjaną'') + ''*landą''. *: Inhabitants of this area are traditionally called ''jamtar'' m.pl. → '''𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐍉𐍃''' (imatjōs); ON. ''jamtar'' (sg. ''jamtr''), Old Icelandic ''jamtr'' (sg. and pl.). The legendary Kjetel jamte (Sw. Kettil Jämte) would then be 𐌺𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌻𐍃 𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐍃 (Katils imatjis). * Orknøyane, Orkney → '''𐌰𐍂𐌵𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃''' (Arqináujōs); ON. ''Orkneyjar'', PGem. ''*arkwīną'' + ''*awjō''. * Vinland → '''𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Weinaland), '''𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (Winjaland); ON. ''Vínland'' (← PGem. ''*wīną'') or ''Vinland'', PGem. ''*winjō'' + ''*landą''. ===Sami names=== Some names do not fit to the treatment of the Germanic derived ones, and these are the ones from Sami. These names can only be transcribed. * Deatnu, Tana → '''𐌳𐌴𐍄𐌽𐍉''' (Dētnō) f.; from ''deatnu'' (large river), Proto-Sami ''*Teanō'', possibly influenced by ''*eanō'' (large river). * Guovdageaidnu, Kautokeino → '''𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌾𐌳𐌽𐍉''' (Gaúbdagajdnō) f.; from ''guovda'' (half, middle) + ''geaidnu'' (way, road), Proto-Sami ''*kuovtë'' + ''*keajnō''. Cf. Kven/Finnish ''Koutokeino''. * Kárášjohka, Karasjok → '''𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌺𐌰''' (Kārāsjaúhka) f.; from ''káráš'' / ''gáráš'', diminutive of ''gárri'' (wooden food plate) + ''johka'' (river). A possible semi-translation could otherwise be '''𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌰𐍈𐌰''' (Kārāsjaƕa), with the ''-j-'' reanalysed to the former word stem. * Máze, Masi → '''𐌼𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌹''' (Mātsi) f. or n., '''𐌼𐌰𐌶𐌹''' (Māzi) f.; cf. Finnish ''Maasi''. ==Notes and references== <references /> ef51fufrda6cqn011e4xmc0kulavpim 0 9133 49249 2026-07-27T15:17:47Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv moved page [[𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌰]] to [[𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰]] over redirect 49249 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰]] qdqwouc5uovyi8yapfl3kmibnmssxhg 14 9134 49252 2026-07-27T15:18:34Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv moved page [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌰]] to [[𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰]] over redirect 49252 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌰:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌴𐌰]] 11h2rq01o4segionua1hlf79uotsd7r 0 9135 49256 2026-07-27T15:28:56Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐍂𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌳 𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽]] 49256 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 𐍂𐌴𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽]] mtjqnzlsbyqxuxujmtwo86kk4hz3dzk 0 9136 49261 2026-07-27T18:03:50Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌻𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌴𐍅𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂]] 49261 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂]] dmf99j3q4mln45107zv243281vj79rn 0 9137 49263 2026-07-27T18:12:47Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌻𐌴𐍉𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍉 𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌹]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰]] 49263 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰]] pv8immgualcavdg8n6t4ignt6mhchrb 0 9138 49266 2026-07-27T18:31:05Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽]] 49266 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌺𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽]] i1e8b97jdpcq80lryrernqngpnqugcy 0 9139 49270 2026-07-27T18:34:48Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌺𐍉𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳 𐌱𐌴𐌾𐌽]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌸𐍃 𐌱𐌴𐌾𐌽]] 49270 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌸𐍃 𐌱𐌴𐌾𐌽]] drkqptydw6hxx8ig74ul8rce9klnzvp 0 9140 49274 2026-07-27T18:47:12Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌺 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴]] 49274 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌴]] fggwjra86jvjcdxr84i0td3j459j0xi 0 9141 49276 2026-07-27T18:49:10Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐍂𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐍂𐌳 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐍆𐌹𐌸𐍃]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐍆𐌹𐌸𐍃]] 49276 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐍆𐌹𐌸𐍃]] ez0yqc7nq9a4c6bgh6wx4h8c8blu2fz 0 9142 49280 2026-07-28T11:03:55Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆 [[𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌻 𐍃𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰]] 𐌳𐌿 [[𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐍃𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰]]: The Gothic form of the name might be Karils, or based on the more popular ending -ila, Karila. 49280 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐍃𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰]] qqbjseqn3lowd2ezvx1f3j7toxgs3dz