Wikipedia gotwiki https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%83 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Special Talk πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ° Wikipedia πŒΈπŒΉπƒ Wikipedia πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ° π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ° π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒΉπŒ½πƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ° MediaWiki MediaWiki talk π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ΄πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ΄πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ° πŒ·πŒΉπŒ»π€πŒ° πŒ·πŒΉπŒ»π€π‰πƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ° πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ° πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπ‰πƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ° TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Talk:πŒ»πŒ΄πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ 1 3959 49434 37008 2026-08-02T19:33:43Z Eiliv 10999 /* Gendered surnames in accordance to Slavic (and Baltic) practice */ new section 49434 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Namna menoΓΎe== Ik brukja her lateiniska namna ΓΎize menoΓΎe. Duhwe? DuΓΎe brukjam aljaleika namna jah ni sind standahardjus. /[[User:Gadrauhts|Gadrauhts]] 09:54, 20 πŒ°πŒΊπ‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒΌπŒ΄πŒ½π‰πŒΈπƒ 2011 (UTC) :[[πŒΎπŒ΄π‚]] This is the translation of the admins. [[User:Zylbath|Liufos goleineis, Zylbath]] 08:48, 21 πŒ°πŒΊπ‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒΌπŒ΄πŒ½π‰πŒΈπƒ 2011 (UTC) :: OK, I can change so we use these names in the article in stead. I will just add that I do not concur with these names, fully. [[User:Gadrauhts|Gadrauhts]] 15:31, 21 πŒ°πŒΊπ‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒΌπŒ΄πŒ½π‰πŒΈπƒ 2011 (UTC) :::Do you have other proposals? I would thank you them, I don't also agree totally with them. [[User:Zylbath|Zylbath]] 11:10, 14 πŒ°π†π„πŒΏπŒΌπŒ° πŒΎπŒΉπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 2012 (UTC) :::: My suggestions are: * January – WintrumenoΓΎs * February – SnaiwimenoΓΎs * March – Laggateins * April – GrasamenoΓΎs * May – WinimenoΓΎs * June – SunnamenoΓΎs * July – HawimenoΓΎs * August – AsanimenoΓΎs * September – HarbistamenoΓΎs * October – WintrufulliΓΎs * November – Fruma Jiuleis * December – Afar Jiuleis :::: /[[User:Gadrauhts|Gadrauhts]] 11:41, 14 πŒ°π†π„πŒΏπŒΌπŒ° πŒΎπŒΉπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 2012 (UTC) :::::Okay, thank you. Do you have any sources for that? [[User:Zylbath|Zylbath]] 13:24, 14 πŒ°π†π„πŒΏπŒΌπŒ° πŒΎπŒΉπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 2012 (UTC) == Gendered surnames in accordance to Slavic (and Baltic) practice == Reading the old discussion at [[Talk:𐌴𐌼𐌴𐌹 π…πŒ°πŒΎπŒ½πŒ·πŒ°π…πƒ]], I became aware that this article used to have the masculine ''Leneins'' in place of the current ''Lenein''. Obviously, it changed at some point, along with his first name ''Waldamers'', but I would suggest a compromise: Leave the name as is, but add the masculine nominative suffix. This is what they do in Latvian (''[[w:lv:Vladimirs Δ»eΕ†ins|Vladimirs Δ»eΕ†ins]]''), amongst other languages. Even in Russian, the common pracice is to use a separate version with ''-a'' for women (cf. Putin's ex-wife, ''Lyudmila Putina''), though they lack a correponding suffix for men. Since Gothic has quite the similar morphology in this regard, I think it is something to use here as well. [[πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ:Eiliv|πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπ†πƒ]] ([[πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°:Eiliv|πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°]]) 19:33, 2 πŒ°πŒ²πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΏπƒ 2026 (UTC) ajpzw6bvsujndrk4nldq0q4wwrz3qn7 49438 49434 2026-08-03T07:03:20Z Zylbath 2266 /* Gendered surnames in accordance to Slavic (and Baltic) practice */ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°π†π„πƒ 49438 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Namna menoΓΎe== Ik brukja her lateiniska namna ΓΎize menoΓΎe. Duhwe? DuΓΎe brukjam aljaleika namna jah ni sind standahardjus. /[[User:Gadrauhts|Gadrauhts]] 09:54, 20 πŒ°πŒΊπ‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒΌπŒ΄πŒ½π‰πŒΈπƒ 2011 (UTC) :[[πŒΎπŒ΄π‚]] This is the translation of the admins. [[User:Zylbath|Liufos goleineis, Zylbath]] 08:48, 21 πŒ°πŒΊπ‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒΌπŒ΄πŒ½π‰πŒΈπƒ 2011 (UTC) :: OK, I can change so we use these names in the article in stead. I will just add that I do not concur with these names, fully. [[User:Gadrauhts|Gadrauhts]] 15:31, 21 πŒ°πŒΊπ‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒΌπŒ΄πŒ½π‰πŒΈπƒ 2011 (UTC) :::Do you have other proposals? I would thank you them, I don't also agree totally with them. [[User:Zylbath|Zylbath]] 11:10, 14 πŒ°π†π„πŒΏπŒΌπŒ° πŒΎπŒΉπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 2012 (UTC) :::: My suggestions are: * January – WintrumenoΓΎs * February – SnaiwimenoΓΎs * March – Laggateins * April – GrasamenoΓΎs * May – WinimenoΓΎs * June – SunnamenoΓΎs * July – HawimenoΓΎs * August – AsanimenoΓΎs * September – HarbistamenoΓΎs * October – WintrufulliΓΎs * November – Fruma Jiuleis * December – Afar Jiuleis :::: /[[User:Gadrauhts|Gadrauhts]] 11:41, 14 πŒ°π†π„πŒΏπŒΌπŒ° πŒΎπŒΉπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 2012 (UTC) :::::Okay, thank you. Do you have any sources for that? [[User:Zylbath|Zylbath]] 13:24, 14 πŒ°π†π„πŒΏπŒΌπŒ° πŒΎπŒΉπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 2012 (UTC) == Gendered surnames in accordance to Slavic (and Baltic) practice == Reading the old discussion at [[Talk:𐌴𐌼𐌴𐌹 π…πŒ°πŒΎπŒ½πŒ·πŒ°π…πƒ]], I became aware that this article used to have the masculine ''Leneins'' in place of the current ''Lenein''. Obviously, it changed at some point, along with his first name ''Waldamers'', but I would suggest a compromise: Leave the name as is, but add the masculine nominative suffix. This is what they do in Latvian (''[[w:lv:Vladimirs Δ»eΕ†ins|Vladimirs Δ»eΕ†ins]]''), amongst other languages. Even in Russian, the common pracice is to use a separate version with ''-a'' for women (cf. Putin's ex-wife, ''Lyudmila Putina''), though they lack a correponding suffix for men. Since Gothic has quite the similar morphology in this regard, I think it is something to use here as well. [[πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ:Eiliv|πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπ†πƒ]] ([[πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°:Eiliv|πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°]]) 19:33, 2 πŒ°πŒ²πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΏπƒ 2026 (UTC) :I would agree, that it should be the same practice, that names keep their case endings. It seems that Bokareis has moved it, but it should keep the nominative -s. [[πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ:Zylbath|Kevin Behrens]] ([[πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°:Zylbath|πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°]]) 07:03, 3 πŒ°πŒ²πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΏπƒ 2026 (UTC) 8r3vbrscw026hmcskg4c2sna3yd2kmu π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 0 4467 49429 46845 2026-08-02T17:37:24Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ]] 𐌳𐌿 [[π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ]] 46845 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Paris-SacrΓ©-CΕ“ur-102-2017-gje.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ]] '''π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ''' ([[π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°]]: '''''Paris''''') πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ [[π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³|π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°]]. πŒΉπ„πŒ° πŒΉπƒπ„ 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸 π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚ πŒΈπ‰ [[πŒ°πŒΉπŒΎπ†πŒ°πŒΉπŒ» 𐌺𐌴𐌻𐌹𐌺𐌽]] πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒΉπƒπ„ 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌰 𐌰𐍈𐌰𐌹 "[[πƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½]]". π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒΉπƒ π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒπŒΉπƒ. πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπ‰ πŒΉπƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒΏπƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ»πŒ°πƒπŒ»πŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ°πŒΉ π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ΄ (πŒ²πŒΏπ„πŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°: π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒπŒΎπ‰πƒ). [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] cmba7lukhdcqbqw0dzjkkhmwq7240pm 49433 49429 2026-08-02T17:43:12Z Eiliv 10999 49433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Paris-SacrΓ©-CΕ“ur-102-2017-gje.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ]] '''π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' ([[π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°]]: ''Paris'') πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ [[π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³|π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°]]. πŒΉπ„πŒ° πŒΉπƒπ„ 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸 π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚ πŒΈπ‰ [[πŒ°πŒΉπŒΎπ†πŒ°πŒΉπŒ» 𐌺𐌴𐌻𐌹𐌺𐌽]] πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒΉπƒπ„ 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌰 𐌰𐍈𐌰𐌹 "[[πƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½]]". π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒΉπƒ π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπŒΉπƒ. πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπ‰ πŒΉπƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒΏπƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ»πŒ°πƒπŒ»πŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ°πŒΉ π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ΄ (πŒ²πŒΏπ„πŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°: π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒπŒΎπ‰πƒ). [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] nwqvy94zsqe0yjvivh45gpqysiblnsa Talk:π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 1 4470 49431 27087 2026-08-02T17:37:24Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[Talk:π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ]] 𐌳𐌿 [[Talk:π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ]] 27087 wikitext text/x-wiki Please write something more, otherwise I have to delete this article because it is too short. [[User:Zylbath|Zylbath]] ([[User talk:Zylbath|talk]]) 22:55, 25 π…πŒ°π‚πŒΌπŒΌπŒ΄πŒ½π‰πŒΈπƒ 2012 (UTC) 9fq3ncv4fzu0xewl7n3kprrwpebtqpi πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°:Revi C. 3 4822 49424 49402 2026-08-02T14:21:36Z Pathoschild 147 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 49424 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__<div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Revi logo (pink).png|thumb|center|<span style="color:red">PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE MESSAGE HERE!</span>]] '''<span style="color:red"> BEFORE YOU BLOCK MY ACCOUNT: IF MY EDIT SUMMARY INCLUDE PREFIX </span>''(Script)''<span style="color:red">, DON'T BLOCK ME, JUST TELL ME TO SLOW DOWN AT COMMONS' TALK PAGE. IT IS AN AUTOMATED SCRIPT BEING USED ON COMMONS TO MOVE FILES.</span>''' Instead, please leave your message following site: <br /> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|45px|link=d:User talk:Revi C.]] [[d:User talk:Revi C.]] for Wikidata (Interwiki links) stuff <!--(I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there)--> <br /> [[File:Commons-logo.svg|45px|link=commons:User talk:Revi C.]] [[commons:User talk:Revi C.]] for renaming stuff or [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] action (I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there) <br /> [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo optimized.svg|45px|link=m:User talk:Revi C.]] [[meta:User talk:Revi C.]] for other stuff (User right notification, revert message, etc...) Messages left on this page may be reverted or moved without any response.</div> 5b8qtz4dnjnrhc9ts3mku14m3gujbq8 π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ΄πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ° 10 5339 49423 49401 2026-08-02T13:35:29Z Eiliv 10999 49423 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="NavFrame"|open > <div class="NavHead" style="font-size:130%; background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%">'''[[πŒΈπ‰ πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒΏπŒ½πŒ³π‰πŒ½πŒ° π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent"> {| | align="center" style="font-size: 110%;"| [[𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌼𐌰]] | ([[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπŒ½π„πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ΄πŒΉ]]) | [[πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°]] | ([[πŒΎπŒΏπŒ½π‰]]) | [[πŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒΆπ‰πŒ½πŒ°]] | ([[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒΉπŒΊπƒ]]) | [[πŒ°π‚πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°π…]] | ([[πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]]) | [[πŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒΉπ†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°]] | ([[πƒπŒ°πŒΊπ‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½π„π‰]]) | [[πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒ³π‰]] | ([[πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπ‚]]) | [[πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°π„]] | ([[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΏπ„πŒ°π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΏπƒ]]) | [[πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚]] | ([[πŒ³πŒΏπŒ±π‚π‰πƒ, πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚|πŒ³πŒΏπŒ±π‚π‰πƒ]]) | [[π†πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°]] | ([[π„πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πƒπƒπŒΉ]]) | [[πŒ²πŒ΄πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°]] | ([[πŒ°π„πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½π„πŒ°]]) | [[πŒ·πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΎπŒ΄πŒΉ]] | ([[𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌻𐌿]]) | [[πŒ·πŒ»πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³]] | ([[πŒ±πŒ°π„π‰πŒ½ π‚πŒΏπŒ²]]) | [[πŒ°πŒΎπŒ³πŒ°πŒ·π‰]] | ([[πŒ±π‰πŒΎπŒΆπŒΉ]]) | [[𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌾]] | ([[πƒπ€π‚πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²πŒ°π†πŒΉπŒ»πŒΈπŒΏπƒ]]) | [[𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌰]] | ([[πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°π€π‰πŒ»πŒΉπƒ]]) | [[πŒ°πŒΎπ‰π…πŒ°]] | ([[𐌳𐌴 πŒΌπ…πŒ°πŒ½]]) | [[πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½πŒΆπŒ°πƒ]] | ([[π„πŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒ΄πŒΊπŒ°]]) | [[πŒΊπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½π„πŒ°πŒΊπŒ΄πŒΉ]] | ([[π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΏπƒ]]) | [[𐌼𐌴𐌽]] | ([[πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°, 𐌼𐌴𐌽|πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°]]) | [[πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³]] | ([[πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]]) | [[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒπŒΉπŒΏπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ]] | ([[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½]]) | [[πŒΌπŒΉπƒπŒΎπŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½]] | ([[πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒπŒΉπŒ½πŒ²]]) | [[πŒΌπŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒπ‰π„πŒ°]] | ([[πƒπŒ΄πŒ½π„ π€πŒ°πŒΏπŒ»]]) | [[πŒΌπŒΉπƒπƒπŒΉπƒπƒπŒΉπ€π€πŒ΄πŒΉ]] | ([[πŒ³πŒΉπŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ½]]) | [[πŒΌπŒΉπŒΆπŒΏπ‚πŒ΄πŒΉ]] | ([[πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ°πŒΉπ†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ½ πƒπŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉ]]) | [[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπŒ½π„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°]] | ([[𐌷𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌽𐌰]]) | [[πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒ±π‚πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°]] | ([[𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌽, πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒ±π‚πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°|𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌽]]) | [[𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰]] | ([[πŒΊπŒ°π‚πƒπ‰πŒ½ πƒπŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉ]]) | [[𐌽𐌹𐌿 πŒ·πŒ°πŒΌπ€πƒπŒΎπŒΉπ‚]] | ([[πŒΊπ‰πŒ½πŒΊπ‰π‚πŒ³, 𐌽𐌹𐌿 πŒ·πŒ°πŒΌπ€πƒπŒΎπŒΉπ‚|πŒΊπ‰πŒ½πŒΊπ‰π‚πŒ³]]) | [[𐌽𐌹𐌿 πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πƒπŒ΄πŒΉ]] | ([[π„π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½π„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½]]) | [[𐌽𐌹𐌿 πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπ‰]] | ([[πƒπŒ°πŒ½π„πŒ° π†πŒ΄]]) | [[𐌽𐌹𐌿 πŒΉπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊ]] | ([[𐌰𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹, 𐌽𐌹𐌿 πŒΉπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊ|𐌰𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹]]) | [[πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπŒ° πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ°πŒΎπŒ½πŒ°]] | ([[π‚πŒ°πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉ]]) | [[πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπŒ° πŒ³πŒ°πŒΊπ‰π„πŒ°]] | ([[πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒΊ, πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπŒ° πŒ³πŒ°πŒΊπ‰π„πŒ°|πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒΊ]]) | [[π‰πŒ·πŒ°πŒΎπ‰]] | ([[πŒΊπ‰πŒ»πŒΏπŒΌπŒ±πŒΏπƒ, π‰πŒ·πŒ°πŒΎπ‰|πŒΊπ‰πŒ»πŒΏπŒΌπŒ±πŒΏπƒ]]) | [[π‰πŒΊπŒ»πŒ°πŒ·π‰πŒΌπŒ°]] | ([[π‰πŒΊπŒ»πŒ°πŒ·π‰πŒΌπŒ° πƒπŒΉπ„πŒ΄πŒΉ]]) | [[πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½]] | ([[πƒπŒ΄πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ, πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½|πƒπŒ΄πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ]]) | [[π€πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ±πŒ΄πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°]] | ([[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]]) | [[π‚πŒ·π‰πŒ³ 𐌰𐌾𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳]] | ([[π€π‚π‰π†πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ]]) | [[πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπ‚πŒ° πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ°πŒΎπŒ½πŒ°]] | ([[πŒΊπ‰πŒ»πŒΏπŒΌπŒ±πŒΉπŒ°, πƒπŒΏπŒΏπŒΈπ‚πŒ° πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ°πŒΎπŒ½πŒ°|πŒΊπ‰πŒ»πŒΏπŒΌπŒ±πŒΉπŒ°]]) | [[πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπ‚πŒ° πŒ³πŒ°πŒΊπ‰π„πŒ°]] | ([[π€πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ°πŒΉπ‚]]) | [[π„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ΄πŒΉ]] | ([[πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒΎπŒ±πŒΉπŒ»]]) | [[π„πŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπƒπŒ°πƒ]] | ([[πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉπŒ½]]) | [[πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°]] | ([[πƒπŒ°πŒ»π„ 𐌻𐌴𐌺 πƒπŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ΄]]) | [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπŒ½π„]] | ([[πŒΌπ‰πŒ½π„π€πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ΄]]) | [[πŒ±πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°]] | ([[π‚πŒΉπƒπŒΎπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³]]) | [[π…πŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½]] | ([[π‰πŒ»πŒΉπŒΌπ€πŒΎπŒ°]]) | [[π…πŒΉπƒπ„π‚πŒ° πŒ±πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°]] | ([[πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ°π‚πŒ»πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½, π…πŒΉπƒπ„π‚πŒ° πŒ±πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°|πƒπŒΎπŒ°π‚πŒ»πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½]]) | [[π…πŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒΉπŒ½]] | ([[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ½]]) | [[π…πŒ°πŒΎπ‰πŒΌπŒΉπŒ²πŒ²]] | ([[πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½]]) | [[π…πŒ°πƒπŒΎπŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½, 𐌳.𐍁.]] |}<noinclude> [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]]</noinclude> </div> </div> ae5uzz7v437i8u0o27zmreo51a3mxlq πŒ·πŒ»πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ 0 6538 49409 41406 2026-08-02T13:23:05Z Eiliv 10999 49409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Flag_of_Louisiana.svg|thumb|]] [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Louisiana_in_United_States.svg|thumb|πŒ»πŒΏπŒ΄πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°]] '''πŒ·πŒ»πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' 𐌸𐌰𐌷 '''𐌻𐌿𐌢𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌰''' / '''𐌻𐌿𐌹𐌢𐌾𐌰𐌽''' ([[πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°|𐌰𐌲𐌲.]]: ''Louisiana'', [[π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°|π†π‚πŒ°.]]: ''Louisiane'') πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉ 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ±πŒ°π„π‰πŒ½ π‚πŒΏπŒ²]]. {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒ° πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒΉπƒ]] a5n91v48afjhfcw1ttoyoz1zxkec1ut 49410 49409 2026-08-02T13:23:19Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[𐌻𐌿𐌴𐌹𐌢𐌴𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌰]] 𐌳𐌿 [[πŒ·πŒ»πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³]] 49409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Flag_of_Louisiana.svg|thumb|]] [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Louisiana_in_United_States.svg|thumb|πŒ»πŒΏπŒ΄πŒΉπƒπŒΉπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°]] '''πŒ·πŒ»πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' 𐌸𐌰𐌷 '''𐌻𐌿𐌢𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌰''' / '''𐌻𐌿𐌹𐌢𐌾𐌰𐌽''' ([[πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°|𐌰𐌲𐌲.]]: ''Louisiana'', [[π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°|π†π‚πŒ°.]]: ''Louisiane'') πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉ 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ±πŒ°π„π‰πŒ½ π‚πŒΏπŒ²]]. {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒ° πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒΉπƒ]] a5n91v48afjhfcw1ttoyoz1zxkec1ut 49412 49410 2026-08-02T13:23:34Z Eiliv 10999 49412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Flag_of_Louisiana.svg|thumb|]] [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Louisiana_in_United_States.svg|thumb|πŒ·πŒ»πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³]] '''πŒ·πŒ»πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' 𐌸𐌰𐌷 '''𐌻𐌿𐌢𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌰''' / '''𐌻𐌿𐌹𐌢𐌾𐌰𐌽''' ([[πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°|𐌰𐌲𐌲.]]: ''Louisiana'', [[π†π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°|π†π‚πŒ°.]]: ''Louisiane'') πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉ 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ±πŒ°π„π‰πŒ½ π‚πŒΏπŒ²]]. {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒ° πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒΉπƒ]] frwvveyy7mb44j2h6zhyhtiacct49w8 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒΉπƒ 0 6872 49416 41182 2026-08-02T13:32:30Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½]] 𐌳𐌿 [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒΉπƒ]] 41182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Boston Back Bay reflection.jpg|thumbnail|𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰-πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½π‰ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπƒ]] '''πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½''' (Boston) πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ [[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒπŒΉπŒΏπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ]] 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. == πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ == [https://www.boston.gov/ www.boston.gov] {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] 5ihthqoj9lwuj8vqtc9qatwxa012it0 49418 49416 2026-08-02T13:33:43Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒΉπƒ]] 𐌳𐌿 [[πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] 41182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Boston Back Bay reflection.jpg|thumbnail|𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰-πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½π‰ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπƒ]] '''πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½''' (Boston) πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ [[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒπŒΉπŒΏπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ]] 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. == πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ == [https://www.boston.gov/ www.boston.gov] {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] 5ihthqoj9lwuj8vqtc9qatwxa012it0 49420 49418 2026-08-02T13:34:08Z Eiliv 10999 49420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Boston Back Bay reflection.jpg|thumbnail|𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰-πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½π‰ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπƒ]] '''πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ''' 𐌸𐌰𐌿 '''πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½''' (Boston) πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ [[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒπŒΉπŒΏπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ]] 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. == πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ == [https://www.boston.gov/ www.boston.gov] {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] tkvv5qz03wcygy5w31757ub6ujb6nwd 49421 49420 2026-08-02T13:34:43Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv moved page [[πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] to [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒΉπƒ]] over redirect 49420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Boston Back Bay reflection.jpg|thumbnail|𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰-πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½π‰ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπƒ]] '''πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ''' 𐌸𐌰𐌿 '''πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½''' (Boston) πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ [[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒπŒΉπŒΏπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ]] 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. == πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ == [https://www.boston.gov/ www.boston.gov] {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] tkvv5qz03wcygy5w31757ub6ujb6nwd πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ 0 6878 49413 41105 2026-08-02T13:27:44Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π€π‰πŒ»πŒΉπƒ]] 𐌳𐌿 [[πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] 41105 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Annapolis street.jpg|thumb|]] '''πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π€π‰πŒ»πŒΉπƒ''' (Annapolis) πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ [[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³]] 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. == πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ == [https://www.annapolis.gov/ www.annapolis.gov] {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] re3vle55r0mssnko8klrza4skidu3pn 49415 49413 2026-08-02T13:28:01Z Eiliv 10999 49415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Annapolis street.jpg|thumb|]] '''πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ''' (Annapolis) πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ [[πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³]] 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. == πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ == [https://www.annapolis.gov/ www.annapolis.gov] {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] d5k06uj8sxx3hhw7htngiwcqx6har82 πŒΌπŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒΊπŒΏπŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ 0 6911 49406 41233 2026-08-02T12:56:51Z Eiliv 10999 "Munikubaurgs" (*munikus + baurgs) inspired by New Latin "Monachopolis". 49406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:DesMoinesIowaSkyline.jpg|thumb|]] '''πŒΌπŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒΊπŒΏπŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ''' (Des Moines) πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ [[πŒ°πŒΎπ‰π…πŒ°]] 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. == πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ == [https://www.dsm.city/ www.dsm.city] {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] jhovxvbrvlnajp2981ebw6ahfvwwi7g 49407 49406 2026-08-02T12:57:08Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[𐌳𐌴 πŒΌπ…πŒ°πŒ½]] 𐌳𐌿 [[πŒΌπŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒΊπŒΏπŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] 49406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:DesMoinesIowaSkyline.jpg|thumb|]] '''πŒΌπŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒΊπŒΏπŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ''' (Des Moines) πŒΉπƒπ„ [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ [[πŒ°πŒΎπ‰π…πŒ°]] 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°|πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ]]. == πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπƒπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ == [https://www.dsm.city/ www.dsm.city] {{πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°}} [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°]] [[πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒ°:πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] jhovxvbrvlnajp2981ebw6ahfvwwi7g πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ:-revi 2 8739 49425 47140 2026-08-02T14:55:32Z Pathoschild 147 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 49425 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User:Revi C.]] 88g0cv17whfgb1wkeh281mptujwtlut πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°:-revi 3 8740 49426 47141 2026-08-02T15:35:01Z Pathoschild 147 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 49426 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Revi C.]] o9z79lcc9a9pfmqmrod5w3eyk4q9i0o πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ 0 8885 49427 47924 2026-08-02T15:36:49Z Eiliv 10999 49427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Burg Karlstein - KarlΕ‘tejn - panoramio.jpg|thumb]] '''πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ''' ([[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΎπŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ° π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°|𐌱𐌰𐌾.]]: ''hrad KarlΕ‘tejn'') πŒΉπƒπ„ π†πŒΉπŒ³πŒΏπ‚π„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ·πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ½πƒ πŒΎπŒ΄π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ²πŒΏπ„πŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ° 𐌹𐌽 πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰. 𐍃𐍉 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒΊπŒ°π‚πƒπ„, πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒΈπ‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ„π‚πŒΉπ…πŒ΄ 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷. πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒ°π†πŒ°π‚ πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ πŒΈπŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ, πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πƒ πƒπŒ° π†πŒΉπŒ³πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒ° πŒΈπŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ π‚πŒΏπŒΌπ‰πŒ½πŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒΉπƒ. lnobfojsyu42ky42t23bbbsvw6o6dvd 49428 49427 2026-08-02T15:38:33Z Eiliv 10999 49428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°:Burg Karlstein - KarlΕ‘tejn - panoramio.jpg|thumb]] '''πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ''' ([[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΎπŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ° π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ³πŒ°|𐌱𐌰𐌾.]]: ''hrad KarlΕ‘tejn'') πŒΉπƒπ„ π†πŒΉπŒ³πŒΏπ‚π„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ·πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ½πƒ πŒΎπŒ΄π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ²πŒΏπ„πŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ° 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ|πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°]] 𐌹𐌽 [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΎπŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπƒ|𐌱𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰]]. 𐍃𐍉 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒΊπŒ°π‚πƒπ„, πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒΈπ‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ„π‚πŒΉπ…πŒ΄ 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷. πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒΉπƒπ„ πŒ°π†πŒ°π‚ πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ πŒΈπŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ, πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πƒ πƒπŒ° π†πŒΉπŒ³πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒ° πŒΈπŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ [[π‚πŒΏπŒΌπ‰πŒ½πŒΉπƒπŒΊ π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΉ|π‚πŒΏπŒΌπ‰πŒ½πŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒΉπƒ]]. 4fnpzs5t7gsepyxg797x0kzle3n7sbo πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ:Eiliv/Norwegian place names 2 9087 49435 49357 2026-08-02T21:01:50Z Eiliv 10999 49435 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is an attempt to catalogue the Gothic forms of various Norwegian place names. Of special value are the ones where we can expect a Proto-Norse or Proto-Germanic form, as those would easily have been borrowed into Gothic with minor adjustments (such as ''Oslo''; PN. ''*Ansulauhu'' β†’ Gothic ''πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒΏπŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·πŒ°''). This equally applies to the ones with name elements not found in Gothic, such as PN. ''*ferΓΎuΚ€'' and ''*bΕ«wiΚ€'' (Got. ''*π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒΏπƒ'', ''*πŒ±πŒΏπ…πƒ''). * Agder β†’ '''[[πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³π‰πƒ]]''' (Agidōs); ON. ''AgΓ°ir'' f.pl., singular ''*ΗͺgΓ°'', PGem. ''*Agidō''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''egder'' (sg. ''egd'') β†’ '''πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (agideis), ON. ''egΓ°ir'' m.pl, PGem. ''*agidΔ«z''. * Aker β†’ '''πŒ°πŒΊπ‚πƒ''' (Akrs); ON. ''Akr'', PGem. ''*akraz''. * Akershus β†’ '''πŒ°πŒΊπ‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒΏπƒ''' (AkrahΕ«s); ON. ''akr'' + ''hΓΊs'', PGem. ''*akraz'' + ''hΕ«sΔ…''. * Alta β†’ '''πŒ°πŒ»πŒ±πŒΉπ„πƒ''' (Albits), '''πŒ°πŒ»πŒ±πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (AlbitΓ‘uja); ON. ''Alpti'' m., PGem. ''*albits'', ''*albuts''. Another name, ''*Alptey'' f., might have been the origin of Sami ''*Álapteajju'', later ''Álaheadju''. * Alvdal, Elvdal β†’ '''πŒ°πŒ»πŒ±πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ''' (Albidals); ON. ''Elfardalr'', PGem. ''*albΔ«'' + ''*dalaz''. * Aremark β†’ '''πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒΊπŒ°''' (Aramarka); ON. ''*AramΗ«rk'', PGem. ''*arΓ΄'' + ''*markō''. * Asker (Askar) β†’ '''πŒ°πƒπŒΊπ‰πƒ''' (Askōs); ON. ''Askar'' m.pl., PN. *αš¨α›Šαš²α›Ÿα›‰ (''*Askōʀ''). * Askim β†’ '''πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπƒ''' (AskahΓ‘ims); ON. ''Ask(h)eimr'', PGem. ''*askaz'' + ''*haimaz''. * Askvoll β†’ '''πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°π…πŒ°πŒ»πŒΈπŒΏπƒ''' (AskawalΓΎus); ON. ''*AskvΗ«llr'', PGem. ''*askaz'' + ''*walΓΎuz''. * Aspern β†’ '''πŒ°πƒπ€πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (Aspeis); ON. ''Aspir'' m., PGem. ''*Aspijaz''. * Austfold, Østfold, see ''Fold''. * Bardu β†’ '''πŒ±πŒ°π‚πŒ³πŒΎπ‰''' (Bardjō). Sami ''Beardu'', possibly from a word borrowed from PN. ''*bardiō(n)'', PGem. ''*bardiΗ­'' or ''*bardiō'', derived from ''*bardΔ…'', ''*bardaz''. * BjΓΈrgvin, Bergen β†’ '''[[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°]]''' (BaΓ­rgawinja); ON. ''BjΗ«rgvin'', ''*Biargwin'' f., PN. *α›’α›–αš±αš·αš¨αšΉα›αšΎα›ƒαš’ (''*Bergawinju''), PGem. ''*bergΔ…'' + ''*winjō''. * BodΓΈ, BodΓΈya, Bodin β†’ '''πŒ±πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°''' (Budawinja); ON. ''BoΓ°in'' f., older ''*BoΓ°awin'', PGem. ''*budΓ΄'' + ''*winjō''. * Borre β†’ '''πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒ°π…π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ·πŒ°''' (BaΓΊrdawranha); ON. ''BorrΓ³'' f., older ''*BorΓ°rΓ³'', PGem. ''*burdΔ…'' + ''*wranhō''. * Bragernes (Brakenes, Branes) β†’ '''πŒ±π‚πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒΉ''' (Brakanasi); ON. ''Brakanes'' n., from ''braki'' + ''nes'', PGem. ''*brakΓ΄'' + ''nasjΔ…''. * Bygland β†’ '''πŒ±πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Biggwaland); ON. ''Byggland'', PGem. ''*bewwΔ…'' + ''*landΔ…''. * BΓ¦rum, BΓ¦rom β†’ '''πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπƒ''' (BaΓ­rgahΓ‘ims); ON. ''Berg(h)eimr'', PGem. ''*bergΔ…'' + ''*haimaz''. * Dramn, Drammen β†’ '''[[πŒ³π‚πŒ°πŒ±πŒ½πŒ°]]''' (Drabna); ON. ''DrΗ«fn'' f. (gen. ''Drafnar''), ''Drafn'' m., PN. *α›žαš±αš¨α›’αšΎαš’ (''*Drabnu''), PGem. ''Drabnō'', ''n''-derivation of ''*drabaz''. * EigerΓΈya β†’ '''𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰''' (ÁikunΓΎa), or maybe '''𐌰𐌹𐌡𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰''' (ÁiqinΓΎa) (?); ON. ''Eikund'' f., PGem. ''*Aikwenþō'', ''*Aikunþō'', ''*aiks'' + ''*-wenþō'', ''*-unþō''. ** Eigersund, Egersund β†’ '''πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒ³ πŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπ‰πƒ''' (Sund Áikunþōs), '''πŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ°πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒ³''' (ÁikunΓΎasund); ON. ''Eikundarsund'' n., ''Eikund'' + ''sund'', PGem. ''*sundΔ…''. * Eiker β†’ '''πŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπ‰πƒ''' (Áikjōs); ON. ''Eikjar'' f.pl. from the neuter ''eiki'', PGem. ''*aikijΔ…''. * Eikeren β†’ '''πŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (Áikeis); ON. ''Eikir'' m., PGem. ''*Aikijaz'', from ''*aiks''. * Eina β†’ '''𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰'''; ON. ''*Eini'' m. (dat. ''Eina''), PGem. ''*JainijΓ΄'', from ''*jainijaz'' (juniper). Synonyms derived from the name are ''Einafjord'' β†’ '''πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒΏπƒ''' and ''Einavatn'' β†’ '''πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°π…πŒ°π„π‰'''. * Evje β†’ '''πŒ°πŒ±πŒΎπ‰''' (Abjō); ON. ''Efja'' m., PGem. ''*abjΗ­''. * Finnmark β†’ '''π†πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒΊπŒ°''' (Finnamarka); ON. ''FinnmΗ«rk'', PGem. ''*finnaz'' + ''*markō''. * Fjordane β†’ '''π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒΎπŒΏπƒ''' (FaΓ­rΓΎjus); ON. ''FirΓ°ir'' m.pl., PGem. ''*ferΓΎuz''. * Flora, FlorΓΈ β†’ '''π†πŒ»π‰π…π‚π‰''' (Flōwrō), '''π†πŒ»π‰π…πŒ°π‚π‰''' (Flōwarō); ON. ''FlΓ³ra'' f., PGem. ''*flōw(a)rΗ­''. * FlΓ₯m β†’ '''π†πŒ»πŒ°πŒ·π‰πƒ''' (Flahōs); ON. ''FlΓ‘r'' f.pl. (dat. ''FlΓ‘m''), PGem. ''*flahō''. * Fold (Vest-, Aust-) β†’ '''π†πŒΏπŒ»πŒ³πŒ°''' (Fulda); ON. ''Fold'' f., PGem. ''*fuldō''<!--, ''*fulþō''-->. * Follo β†’ '''π†πŒΏπŒ»πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·πŒ°''' (FuldalΓ‘uha); ON. ''FollΓ³'', older ''Fold(ar)lΓ³'', ''Fold'' + ''lΓ³'', PGem. ''*fuldō''<!--, ''*fulþō''--> + ''*lauhō''. * Fosen, Fosna β†’ '''π†πŒΏπŒ»πŒ²πƒπŒ½πŒ°''' (Fulgsna); ON. ''FΓ³lgsn'', ''FΓ³lksn'', ''sn''-derivation from ''fela'' (part. ''folginn''), PGem. ''*felhanΔ…'' (part. ''*fulganaz''). * Fredrikstad β†’ '''π†π‚πŒΉπŒΈπŒΏπ‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΈπƒ''' (FriΓΎureikstaΓΎs), '''π†π‚πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΈπƒ''' (FriΓΎareikeistaΓΎs) (?). PGem. ''*FriΓΎurΔ«ks'' + ''*stadiz''. * FrΓΈya β†’ '''π†π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (FrΓ‘uja); ON. ''Frey'' f., PGem. ''*Frawjō''. * Fyresdal β†’ '''π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ·πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ''' (FaΓΊrhidals); ON. ''Fyrisdalr'', from ''*Fyrir'' (lake name), PGem. ''*Furhijaz'' (?), from ''*furhwΗ­'' / ''*furhō''. * FΓΈrde (Fyrde) β†’ '''π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒΏπƒ''' (FaΓ­rΓΎus); ON. ''FirΓ°i'' (dat. of ''FjΗ«rΓ°r''), PGem. ''*ferΓΎuz''. * Geilo β†’ '''πŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»π‰πƒ''' (GΓ‘ilōs); ON. ''Geilar'' f.pl. (dat. ''Geilum''), PGem. ''*gailō''. * Geiranger (Gjerangen) β†’ '''πŒ²πŒ°π‚π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π‚πƒ''' (Garwjaggrs); ON. ''*Gerangr'', older ''*GerwangΚ€'', PN. *αš·αš¨αš±αšΉα›αš¨α›œαš±αš¨α›‰ (''*GarwiangraΚ€), PGem. ''*garwijō'' + ''*angraz''.<ref>Oddvar Nes (1984), β€œGeiranger”, in ''Namn og nemne'' (in Norwegian), [https://www.nb.no/items/b2656ee725fc71f15ca1a5c58f2b500e?page=38| page 37]</ref> * GjΓΈvik (DjΓΈvik, Djivik) β†’ '''πŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπ€π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπƒ''' (Diupweiks); ON. ''DjΓΊpvΓ­k'', PGem. ''*deupaz'' + ''*wΔ«ks''. * Gol (Gord) β†’ '''πŒ²πŒ°π‚πŒ³πŒ°''' (Garda); ON. ''GΗ«rΓ°'' f. (gen. ''GarΓ°ar''), PN. *αš·αš¨αš±α›žαš’ (''*Gardu''), derived from ''*gardaz''. * Granvin (Grove) β†’ '''πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°''' (Granawinja); ON. ''Granvin'' f., PGem. ''*granō'' + ''*winjō''. * Grenland β†’ '''πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Graniland); ON. ''Grenland'' n., PGem. ''*granΔ«z'' m.pl. + ''*landΔ…''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''grener'' m.pl. β†’ '''πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (graneis), ON. ''grenir'', PGem. ''*granΔ«z''. Cf. Latin ''gran(n)ii''. * Gudbrandsdal β†’ '''πŒ²πŒΏπŒΈπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»π‰πƒ''' (GuΓΎabrandadalōs); ON. ''GuΓ°brandsdalir'' m.pl., ''GuΓ°brandr'' + ''dalr'', PGem. ''*gudΔ…'' + ''*brandaz'' + ''*dalaz''. * Hadsel β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°πƒπŒΉπŒ²πŒ»''' (HΓ‘ubiΓΎasigl); ON. ''HΗ«fΓ°asegl'' n., PGem. ''*habudΓ΄'' (← ''*habudΔ…'') + ''*seglΔ…''. * Hajeren (Hagjeren) β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒΉπƒ''' (Hagjis); ON. ''*Hagir'' m., an ''ija''-derivation of older ''*Hagi''. Possibly newer than Proto-Norse, or else it would have been ''*HagΔ«Κ€'', PGem. ''*hagΓ΄'' + ''*-ijaz''. What’s clear is that it must originate from after Holtzmann’s law, as PGem. *Hagjaz'' would have turned into ''*Heggr''. * Halden (Hallen) β†’ '''𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰''' (Halla), '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒ»πŒ»πŒΏπƒ''' (Hallus). Danish name ''Fredrikshald'' (1665–1928); ON. ''hΗ«ll'' (hall), PGem. ''hallō'', or ''hallr'' (slope), PGem. ''halluz''. * Hamar β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°π‚πƒ''' (Hamars); ON. ''Hamarr'' m., PGem. ''*hamaraz''. * Hamarfest, Hammerfest β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒ°π†πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ''' (Hamarafasti); ON. ''hamarr'' m., PGem. ''*hamaraz'' + ''festr'' f., PN. *αš αš¨α›Šα›α›α›Ÿα›‰ (''fastiōʀ''), PGem. ''fastijō''. * Hardanger β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°π‚πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π‚πƒ''' (Harudaggrs); ON. ''HarΓ°angr'' m., PGem. ''*harudaz'' + ''*angraz''. * Harstad β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°π‚πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (HarudastaΓΎeis); ON. ''*HarΓ°arstaΓ°ir'' m.pl., ''HΗ«rΓ°r'' (male name) + ''staΓ°r'', PGem. ''*harudaz'' + ''*stadiz''. * Haugalandet β†’ '''𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (HΓ‘ugaland); ON. ''Haugar'' m.pl. (farm name) + ''land'', PGem. ''*haugaz'' + ''*landΔ…''. * Haugesund β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒ³''' (HΓ‘ugasund); ON. ''Haugar'' m.pl. (farm name) + ''sund'', PGem. ''*haugaz'' + ''*sundΔ…''. * Heidmark, Hedmark β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈπŒΉπŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒΊπŒ°''' (HΓ‘iΓΎimarka), '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈπŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒΊπŒ°''' (HΓ‘iΓΎinamarka); ON. ''HeiΓ°mΗ«rk'' f., from ''heiΓ°nir'' (tribe name, [[w:en:Chaedini|Chaedini]]), PGem. ''*haiΓΎΔ«naz''. * Herad β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒΉπ‚πŒ΄πŒ³''' (HarjirΔ“d); ON. ''HeraΓ°'' m., PGem. ''*harjarΔ“dΔ…'', from ''*harjaz'' + ''*rΔ“dΔ…''. Alternative etymologies include ''*harjaraidō'' and ''*hΔ«warāðą'' (from ''*hΔ«wΔ…''). * Hjerkinn (Hjerdkinn) β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ³πŒ°πŒΊπŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒΏπƒ''' (HaΓ­rdakinnus); ON. ''HjarΓ°kinn'' f., PGem. ''*herdō'' + ''*kinnuz''. * HonningsvΓ₯g β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ½πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²πŒ°π…π…πŒ΄πŒ²πƒ''' (HaΓΊrnuggawΔ“gs); ON. ''*HornungsvΓ‘gr'' m., from ''*Hornungr'' (likely mountain name) + ''vΓ‘gr'', PGem. ''*hurnΔ…'' + ''*wΔ“gaz''. * Hordaland β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°π‚πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Harudaland); ON. ''HΗ«rΓ°aland'' n., PGem. ''*harudaz'' + ''*landΔ…''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''hordar'' m.pl. β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°π‚πŒΏπŒ³π‰πƒ''' (harudōs), ON. ''hΗ«rΓ°ar'', PGem. ''*harudōz''. Cf. ''[[w:en:Charudes|Charudes]]'' (Harudes). * HΓ₯logaland β†’ '''𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳''' (HΓ‘uhlΓ‘ugjaland); ON. ''HΓ‘logaland'', from gen. pl. of ''hΓ‘leygir'' m., PGem. ''hauhalaugijaz''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''hΓ₯lΓΈyger'' m.pl. β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²πŒΎπ‰πƒ''' (hΓ‘uhlΓ‘ugjōs), ON. ''hΓ‘leygir'', PGem. ''*hauhalaugijōz''. * JΓ¦ren (JΓ’ren) β†’ '''πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°π‚πƒ''' (Idars); ON. ''JaΓ°arr'' m., PGem. ''*edaraz''. * KarmΓΈy (KartΓ₯) β†’ '''πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΌπ„πŒ°''' (Karmta), '''πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (Karmauja); ON. ''KΗ«rmt'' f. (gen. ''Karmtar''), derived from ''karmr'', PGem. ''*karmaz''. Uncertain derivation suffix, possibly either ''*-þō'' or ''-dō''. * Kirkenes, Kyrkjenes β†’ '''πŒΊπŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒΉ''' (Kirikjanasi), '''πŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπŒΊπŒ»πŒ΄πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒΉ''' (AΓ­kklΔ“sjanasi); ON. ''kirkja'' + ''nes'' n., replaced older ''Pisselvnes'' (piss river ness) and ''HΓ₯kjerringnes'' (Greenland shark ness), the latter a translation of Sami ''ÁhkolatnjΓ‘rga''. Modern Sami ''GirkonjΓ‘rga'' (after Norwegian), Finnish ''Kirkkoniemi''. * KrΓΈderen β†’ '''πŒΊπ‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ·π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (Kranhōdeis); ON. ''KrΗΏΓ°ir'' m., PN. *αš²αš±αš¨αšΊαš’α›žα›α›‰ (''KrāhudΔ«Κ€''), older αš²αš±αš¨αšΎαšΊαš’α›žα›αš¨α›‰ (''*KranhudiaΚ€''), PGem. ''*Kranhōdijaz'', ''ia''-derivation of ''*kranhōdaz'', from ''*kranhō'', cf. ''*wranhō''.<ref>Arnoldus Hille (1983), β€œInnsjΓΈnavnet KrΓΈderen”, in ''Fra ord til navn'' (in Norwegian BokmΓ₯l), [https://www.nb.no/items/adc92014764171e1fd7f34c138b6da5f?page=82| page 83]</ref> * Leikanger β†’ '''πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π‰πƒ''' (LΓ‘ikawaggōs); ON. ''Leikvangir'' m.pl, PGem. ''*laikaz'' + ''*wangaz'' (pl. ''*wangōz''). * Lier (Lider) β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³π‰πƒ''' (Hleidōs); ON. ''LΓ­Γ°ir'' f.pl., older ''*HlΓ­Γ°ir'', PGem. ''*hlΔ«dō''. * Lindesnes β†’ '''πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒΉ''' (LeiΓΎandnasi); ON. ''LΓ­Γ°andi'' + ''nes'', PGem. ''*lΔ«ΓΎandz'' + ''*nasjΔ…''. * Lofot(en) β†’ '''πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·πŒ°π†π‰π„πŒΏπƒ''' (LaΓΊhafōtus); ON. ''LΓ³fΓ³tr'', PGem. ''*luhΗ­'' (← ''*luhsaz'', cf. ''*fuhΗ­'') + ''*fōts''. * Lom β†’ '''πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π‰πƒ''' (LΓ‘uhōs); ON. ''LΓ³ar'' (dat. ''LΓ³m'', ''LΓ³um''), PGem. ''*lauhō''. * MjΓΈs, MjΓΈsa β†’ '''πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πƒπŒ°''' (MaΓ­rsa); ON. ''MjΗ«rs'', PN. *α›—α›–αš±α›Šαš’ (''*Mersu''), PGem. ''*Mersō''. * Molde β†’ '''πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒ³π‰πƒ''' (Muldōs); ON. ''Moldar'' f.pl., PGem. ''*muldō''. * Morn, Marna, Mandalselva β†’ '''πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒ½πŒ°''' (Marna); ON. ''MΗ«rn'' f., PGem. ''*Marnō'', a derivation of ''*mari'', cf. ''πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉ''. Another teaory claims it comes from ''*marhaz'', thus giving ''*Marhnō'' β†’ '''πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°''', cf. ''*πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒ·πƒ''. ** Mandal, Marnardal β†’ '''πŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒ½πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ''' (Marnadals); ON. ''Marnardalr'' m., PGem. ''*Marnō'' + ''*dalaz''. * Mysen, MΓΈsi β†’ '''πŒΌπŒΏπƒπŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°''' (Musawinja); ON. ''Mysin'' f., older ''*Muswin'', PN. *α›—αš’α›Šαš¨αšΉα›αšΎα›ƒαš’ (''*Musawinju''), PGem. ''*musΓ΄'' + ''winjō''. * MΓΈre (Sunn-, Nord-) β†’ '''πŒΌπ‰π‚πŒΉ''' (Mōri) (''πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπ‚πŒ°-'', ''πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπ‚πŒ°-''); ON. ''MΗΏrr'' f. (dat. ''MΗΏri''), PN. *α›—α›Ÿαš±α›α›Ÿα›‰ (''*Mōriōʀ''), PGem. ''*Mōrijō'' / ''*MōrΔ«''. * Narvik β†’ '''πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒΏπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπƒ''' (NaΓ­rΓΎuweiks); ON. ''*NjarΓ°arvΓ­k'' (''NjΗ«rΓ°r'' + ''vΓ­k''), PGem. ''*NerΓΎuz'' + ''*wΔ«ks''. * Nes β†’ '''πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒΉ''' (Nasi); ON. ''Nes'', PGem. ''*NasjΔ…''. A name found multiple places, either as villages, municipalities or farms. * Nesbyen β†’ '''πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπ…πƒ''' (NasjabΕ«ws); ON. ''*NesbΓ½r'', PGem. ''*NasjΔ…'' + ''*bΕ«wiz''. * Nisser β†’ '''πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³π…πŒ°πƒπŒ°πŒΉπ…πƒ''' (NidwasΓ‘iws); ON. ''Nizir'', ''*NiΓ°sΓ¦r'', PGem. ''*Nidwō'' + ''*saiwiz''. ** Nissedal β†’ '''πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³π…πŒ°πƒπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπƒ''' (Dals NidwasΓ‘iwis); ON. ''*Nizidalr''. * Nordby β†’ '''πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπ‚πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπ…πƒ''' (NaΓΊrΓΎrabΕ«ws); ON. ''NorΓ°bΓ½r'', PGem. ''*nurΓΎraz'' + ''*bΕ«wiz''. * Nordland β†’ '''πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπ‚πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (NaΓΊrΓΎraland); ON. ''norΓ°r'' + ''land'', PGem. ''*nurΓΎraz'' + ''*landΔ…''. * Noreg, Norway<ref name=eng-name>English name that is or has been in use.</ref> β†’ '''[[πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ²πƒ|πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπ‚πŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ²πƒ]]''' (NaΓΊrΓΎrawigs), or less preferable, '''πŒ½π‰π‚πŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ²πƒ''' (Nōrawigs); ON. ''Noregr'', ''Norvegr'', possibly older ''*NorΓ°vegr'' (cf. OEn. ''NorΓ°weg''), PGem. ''*nurΓΎraz'' + ''*wegaz''. Another theory is ''*NΓ³rvegr'', from ''nΓ³r'' (narrow sound), PGem. ''*nōrΔ…'', ''*nōraz'', as it better aligns with attested Norse forms, with a consistent lack of ''-Γ°-'', and an occasional long vowel (''NΓ³regr''). Foreign forms that reflect ''*nurΓΎraz'' might stem from a conflation with ''norΓ°maΓ°r'', PGem. ''*nurΓΎramannz''. *: Another historical name is ''NorΓ°mannaland'', whose Gothic form would be '''𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπ‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄''' (Land naΓΊrΓΎamannΔ“) or '''πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπ‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (NaΓΊrΓΎramanaland). *: The origin of the name is explained in Orkneyinga Saga as coming from the legendary founder Nor β†’ '''πŒ½π‰π‚πƒ''' (Nōrs); ON. ''NΓ³rr'', PGem. ''*Nōraz'', derived from ''*nōrΔ…''. However it might be the other way around instead. * Onsaker β†’ '''π…π‰πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΊπ‚πƒ''' (Wōdanakrs); ON. ''*Óðinsakr'' m., PGem. ''*Wōdanaz'' + ''*akraz''. * Onsrud β†’ '''π…π‰πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°π‚πŒΏπŒ³''' (Wōdanarud), '''π…π‰πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ·πŒΏπ†''' (Wōdanahuf); ON. ''Óðinn'' + ''ruΓ°'' n. (← PGem. ''*rudΔ…''), older ''Óðinshof'' n., PGem. ''*Wōdanaz'' + ''*hufΔ…''. * OnsΓΈy β†’ '''π…π‰πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (WōdanΓ‘uja); ON. ''Óðinsey'' f., PGem. ''*Wōdanaz'' + ''*awjō''. * Oppland (Uppland) β†’ '''πŒΉπŒΏπ€πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°''' (Iuplanda); ON. ''UpplΗ«nd'' n.pl., PGem. ''*upp'' + ''*landΔ…''. * Orkanger β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π‚πƒ''' (WaΓΊrkaggrs); ON. ''*Ork'' + ''angr'', PGem. ''*wurkijanΔ…'' (''*Wurkō''?) + ''*angraz''. * Orkdal β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ''' (WaΓΊrkadals); ON. ''Orkardalr'', older ''*Orkardalr'', PGem. ''*wurkijanΔ…'' (''*Wurkō''?) + ''*dalaz''. * Orkla (river) β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒΉπŒ»π‰''' (WaΓΊrkilō), β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ°''' (WaΓΊrka); ON. ''*Orkla'' f., older ''*Ork'' f., PGem. ''*wurkijanΔ…'' (''*Wurkō''?). * Orkland β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (WaΓΊrkaland); ON. ''*Ork'' + ''land'', PGem. ''*wurkijanΔ…'' (''*Wurkō''?) + ''*landΔ…''. * Oslo β†’ '''[[πŒ°πŒ½πƒπŒΏπŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·πŒ°]]''' (AnsulΓ‘uha); ON. ''Γ“slΓ³'', ''Ηͺ́slΓ³'', ''ÁslΓ³'' f., PN. *αš¨αšΎα›Šαš’α›šαš¨αš’αšΊαš’ (''*Ansulauhu''), *αš¨αšΎα›Šαš’α›šα›ŸαšΊαš’ (''*Ansulōhu''). *: The origin of ''Oslo'' has been up to debate, with several theories spanning between ''*ansaz'' / ''*amsaz'' (mountain ridge) and ''*ōsaz'' (estuary), however the vowel was nasal in Old Norse, as seen in Dutch ''Ansloo'' and Latin ''Ansloa'', so ''*ōsaz'' is ruled out. The third theory is ''*ansuz'' (god), which due to ''u''-umlaut would explain the ''Γ³-'' vowel (cf. the form ''Γ³ss'' alongside ''Γ‘ss'', and names like ''Γ“smundr'' / ''Ásmundr''). The latter element ''lΓ³'' is the PGem. ''*lauhō'' f. (meadow), an alternative form of the masculine ''*lauhaz'' which gave rise to the West Germanic forms.<ref>Ásgeir BlΓΆndal MagnΓΊsson (1989), β€œ[https://ordsifjabok.arnastofnun.is/faersla/13840| OslΓ³]”, in ''Íslensk orΓ°sifjabΓ³k'', ReykjavΓ­k: Árni MagnΓΊsson Institute for Icelandic Studies</ref> The Gothic adaptation could very well use the feminine form for consistency, as the word is not attested in this language, and it would be natural for it to be borrowed in the feminine form had Gothic gotten it from Proto-Norse. * Otra, Otre β†’ '''πŒΏπ„π‚π‰''' (Utrō); ON. ''Otra'', PGem. ''*UtrΗ­'' (?), ''ōn''-derivation of ''*utraz''. ** Oddernes (Otrenes) β†’ '''πŒΏπ„π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒΉ''' (Utranasi); ON. ''Otrunes'', PGem. ''*UtrΗ­'' (?) (''ōn''-derivation of ''*utraz'') + ''*nasjΔ…''. ** OdderΓΈya (OtrΓΈya) β†’ '''πŒΏπ„π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (UtrΓ‘uja); ON. ''Otrey'', ''Otruey'', from ''Otra'', PGem. ''*UtrΗ­'' (?) (''ōn''-derivation of ''*utraz'') + ''*awjō''. * Otta β†’ '''πŒΏπŒ·π„π‰''' (Uhtō); ON. ''Γ“tta'' f., from ''Γ³tti'' (fear, dread), PGem. ''*uhtΓ΄''. * Ringerike β†’ '''πŒ·π‚πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΉ''' (Hriggareiki); ON. ''HringarΓ­ki'' n., PGem. ''*hringaz'' + ''*rΔ«kijΔ…''. * Rogaland β†’ '''π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Rugiland); ON. ''Rogaland'', PGem. ''*rugΔ«z'' (sg. ''*rugiz'') + ''*landΔ…''. Cf. [[w:en:Rugiland|Rugiland]] and [[w:en:RΓΌgen|RΓΌgen]]. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''ryger'' m.pl. β†’ '''π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (rugeis), ON. ''rygir'', PGem. ''*rugΔ«z''. Cf. ''[[w:en:Rugii|Rugii]]''. * Romerike β†’ '''π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΉ''' (Raumareiki); ON. ''RaumarΓ­ki'' n., PGem. ''*rΔ«kijΔ…''. * Ryfylke β†’ '''π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπ†πŒΏπŒ»πŒΊπŒΉ''' (Rugifulki) or '''π†πŒΏπŒ»πŒΊπŒΉ π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄''' (Fulki RugΔ“); ON. ''Rygjafylki'', gen. of ''rygir'' + ''fylki'', PGem. ''*rugΔ«z'' + ''*fulkijΔ…''. * RΓΈros (RΓΈyros) β†’ '''π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπƒ''' (RΓ‘udjamunΓΎs); ON. ''*ReyΓ°arΓ³ss'', PGem. ''*raudijō'' (from ''*raudaz'') + ''*ōsaz''. * RΓΈst β†’ '''π…π‚πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°''' (Wrasta); ON. ''RΗ«st'', PGem. ''*wrastō''. * RΓΈyken β†’ '''πŒ·π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒΊπŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°''' (HrΓ‘ukawinja); ON. ''Reykin'' f., older ''*Hreyk(w)in'', ''*Hrauk(w)in'', PGem. ''*hraukaz'' + ''*winjō''. * Salten, Salta (in Nordland) β†’ '''πƒπŒ°πŒ»π†π„πŒ°''' (Salfta); ON. ''Salpti'' m., ''t''-derivation of the PIE root ''*selp-''. * Sauda β†’ '''πƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒΈπ‰πƒ''' (SΓ‘uþōs), ON. ''*SauΓ°ar'' m.pl., PGem. ''*seuΓΎanΔ…''. * Sel β†’ '''πƒπŒΉπŒ»''' (Sil); ON. ''Sil'' n., PGem. ''*silΔ…'' (?). * Selbu β†’ '''πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏ''' (SilabΕ«); ON. ''*Seli'' (lake name) + ''bΓΊ'' n., PGem. ''*silΓ΄'' + ''*bΕ«Δ…''. * Selje, Selja β†’ '''πƒπŒ°πŒ»πŒΎπ‰''' (Saljō); ON. ''Selja'' f., derivation of ''sel'' n., PGem. ''*saljΔ…''. * Sira β†’ '''πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπˆπŒ°π‚π‰''' (SeiΖ•arō), '''πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπˆπŒ°π‚πŒ°''' (SeiΖ•ara); ON. ''SΓ­ra'' f. (← PGem. ''*SΔ«hwarΗ­''), or ''SΓ­ri'' m. (gen. ''SΓ­ra''), PGem. ''*SΔ«hwarΓ΄''. Related to ''*sΔ«hwanΔ…''. * Sirdal β†’ '''πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπˆπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ''' (SeiΖ•aradals); ON. ''SΓ­ra'' (river name) + ''dalr'' n., PGem. ''*SΔ«hwarΗ­'' (?) + ''*dalaz''. Related to ''*sΔ«hwanΔ…''. * Skien (Skida) β†’ '''πƒπŒΊπŒΉπŒΈπ‰''' (Skiþō); ON. ''SkiΓ°a'', from the root ''skiΓΎ-'' (to split), cf. ''πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ½''. * Skoger (Skogar) β†’ '''πƒπŒΊπ‰πŒ²π‰πƒ''' (Skōgōs); ON. ''SkΓ³gar'' m.pl., PGem. ''*skōgaz''. * SnΓ₯sa (SnΓ²sa, Snasa) β†’ '''πƒπŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒ°''' (Snasa); ON. ''SnΗ«s'' f. (gen. ''Snasar''), from ''snΗ«s'', related to ''nΗ«s'', PGem. ''*nasō''. * Sogn β†’ '''πƒπŒΏπŒ²πŒ½πƒ''' (Sugns); ON. ''Sogn'' m., ''n''-derivation of ''sΓΊga'', PGem. ''*sΕ«ganΔ…''. PGem. ''*Sugnaz'' (?). *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''sygner'' (sg. ''sygn'') β†’ '''πƒπŒΏπŒ²πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (sugneis), ON. ''sygnir'' m.pl, PGem. ''*sugnΔ«z''. * Spydeberg (Speberg) β†’ '''πƒπ€πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ²πƒ''' (SpiutabaΓ­rgs); ON. ''SpjΓ³taberg'', PGem. ''*speutΔ…'' + ''*bergΔ…''. * Stavanger β†’ '''πƒπ„πŒ°π†πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π‚πƒ''' (Stafaggrs); ON. ''Stafangr'', PGem. ''*stabaz'' + ''*angraz''. * Steinkjer β†’ '''πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πƒπŒ°''' (StΓ‘inakasa); ON. ''Steinker'' n.pl., PGem. ''*stainaz'' + ''*kazΔ…''. * StjΓΈrdal β†’ '''πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ''' (Stiuradals); ON. ''StjΓ³radalr'', from ''*StjΓ³r'' (river name), possibly from the PGem. root ''*steur-'', whence also ''*stiurijanΔ…''. * Stord β†’ '''πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒ°''' (Staurda); ON. ''StorΓ°'' f., PGem. ''*sturdō''. * Stryn β†’ '''πƒπ„π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ½π‰πƒ''' (Striunōs); ON. ''StrjΓ³nar'' f.pl., from ''*StrjΓ³n'' f. (river name), PGem. root ''*streun-''. * Svalbard β†’ '''πƒπ…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°π‚πŒ³πƒ''' (Swalabards); ON. ''SvalbarΓ°'' n., ''SvalbarΓ°r'' m., PGem. ''*swalaz'' + ''*bardΔ…'', ''*bardaz''. * Svelvik (Sverdvik) β†’ '''πƒπ…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ±πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπƒ''' (SwaΓ­rbiΓΎaweiks); ON. ''SverΓ°vΓ­k'' f., ''*sverfΓ°'' (''sverfa'' + ''-Γ°'') + ''vΓ­k'', PGem. ''*swerbanΔ…'' + ''*-iþō'' + ''*wΔ«ks''. * SvolvΓ¦r β†’ '''πƒπ…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°π…πŒ°π‚πŒΉ''' (Swalawari); ON. ''*SvΗ«lver'' n., older ''*SwalwΔ™r'', PGem. ''*swalaz'' + ''*warjΔ…''. * SΓ¦bΓΈ β†’ '''πƒπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπ…πƒ''' (SΓ‘iwabΕ«ws); ON. ''SΓ¦varbΓ½r'' m., PGem. ''*saiwaz'' + ''*bΕ«waz''. * Telemark β†’ '''πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°π‚πŒΊπŒ°''' (ÞaΓ­limarka); ON. ''ÞelamΗ«rk'' f., ''ΓΎilir'' + ''mΗ«rk'', PGem. ''*ΓΎelΔ«z'' (?) + ''*markō''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place is ''teler'' β†’ '''πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (ΓΎaileis), ON. ''ΓΎilir'' m.pl, PGem. ''*ΓΎelΔ«z''. * Toten (Totn) β†’ '''πŒΈπŒΏπŒ·π„πŒ½''' (Þūhtn); ON. ''Þótn'', PGem. ''*ÞūnhtnΔ…'', ''*ÞūnhtΔ«nΔ…''. * TromsΓΈ, Troms (Trums) β†’ '''π„π‚πŒΏπŒΌπƒπŒ°''' (Trumsa); ON. ''Trums'' f. * TromsΓΈya (TrumsΓΈya) β†’ '''π„π‚πŒΏπŒΌπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (TrumsΓ‘uja); ON. ''Trums'' f. + ''ey'', PGem. ''*awjō''. * Trondheim, Throwendham<ref name=eng-name /> β†’ '''[[πŒΈπ‚π‰π…π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπƒ]]''' (ÞrōwōndhΓ‘ims); ON. ''ÞrΓ³nd(h)eimr'' m., PGem. ''*ΓΎrōwōndz'' + ''*haimaz''. *: The old ethnonym tied to this place (or TrΓΈndelag) is ''trΓΈnder'' m.pl. β†’ '''πŒΈπ‚π‰π…π‰πŒ½πŒ³πƒ''' (ΓΎrōwōnds), ON. ''ΓΎrΗΏndr'' (sg. ''ΓΎrΓ³ndr''), PGem. ''*ΓΎrōwōndiz''. * TrΓ¦na β†’ '''πŒΈπ‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ½πŒ°''' (Þridna); ON. ''ÞriΓ°n'' f., ''n''-derivation of ''*ΓΎriΓ°'' (unit of three), PGem. ''*ΓΎridō''. Related to ''*ΓΎridjΓ΄'' and ''*ΓΎrΔ«z''. * TrΓΈndelag β†’ '''[[πŒΈπ‚π‰π…π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°]]''' (Þrōwōndlaga) n.pl., or '''πŒΈπ‚π‰π…π‰πŒ½πŒ³π…πŒΉπ„π‰πŒΈ''' (Þrōwōndwitōþ) n.; ON. ''ÞrΗΏndalΗ«g'' n.pl., PGem. ''*ΓΎrōwōndz'' + ''*lagΔ…'' (pl. ''*lagō''). Cf. ''DanalΗ«g'', OEn. ''Dena lagu'' (Danelaw). * Tysnes β†’ '''π„πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒΉ''' (Teiwanasi); ON. ''TΓ½snes'' n., PGem. ''*TΔ«waz'' + ''*nasjΔ…''. * Ulstein β†’ '''π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ''' (WulfastΓ‘ins); ON. ''*Ulfsteinn'' m.pl., ''ulfr'' + ''steinn'', PGem. ''*wulfaz'' + ''*stainaz''. * Ulvestad β†’ '''π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (WulfastaΓΎeis); ON. ''*UlfastaΓ°ir'' m.pl., from ''*Ulfi'' (male name), or ''*UlfustaΓ°ir'' from ''*Ulfa'' f. (river name). All from PGem. ''*wulfaz''. * VadsΓΈ, VatsΓΈy β†’ '''π…πŒ°π„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (WatΓ‘uja); ON. ''*Vatsey'', PGem. ''*watōr'' + ''*awjō''. * Valdres β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒ»πŒΈπŒΏπŒ»πŒ°πƒπŒΉ''' (WalΓΎulasi); ON. ''Valdres'', older ''*Waldles'' n., PGem. ''*walΓΎuz'' + ''*lasjΔ…'', a relative of ''*lΔ“swō'' (PWGem. ''*lāsu'').<ref>Per Hovda (1978), ''FrΓ₯ hav til hei'' (in Norwegian), [https://www.nb.no/items/844335f14a639430f6a1e5b94f29705c?page=207| page 196]</ref> * Valle β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒ»πŒΈπŒΎπŒΏπƒ''' (WalΓΎjus); ON. ''*Vellir'' m.pl. (gen. ''Valla''), PGem. ''*walΓΎuz''. * Vang β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πƒ''' (Waggs); ON. ''Vangr'' m., PGem. ''*wangaz''. * VardΓΈ (VordΓΈy, VargΓΈy) β†’ '''π…πŒ°π‚πŒΈπŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (WarΓΎΓ‘uja), '''π…πŒ°π‚πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (WargΓ‘uja); ON. ''*VΗ«rΓ°(u)ey'' (← PGem. ''*warΓΎΗ­'', ''*warþō''), older name ''Vargey'', PGem. ''*wargaz'' + ''*awjō''. * Vefsn, Vefsna β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ½πŒ°''' (Wabisna); ON. ''*Vefsn'' f., ''sn''-derivation of the PGem. root ''*wab-'', ''*web-'', whence also ''*wabjanΔ…''. * Vanse β†’ '''π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ° π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ·πŒΉπƒ''' (Winja Wanaweihis); ON. ''*VanavΓ©svin'' f., PGem. ''*wanaz'' + ''*wΔ«hΔ…'' + ''*winjō''. * Varanger β†’ '''π…πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π‚πƒ''' (Warjaggrs); ON. ''*Ver(j)angr'', PGem. ''*warjΔ…'' + ''*angraz''. * Verdal β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ''' (WaΓ­radals), '''π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ''' (Wisadals); ON. ''Verdalr'', from ''*Ver'' (river name), possibly related to ''vera'' , or an old root ''*wer-'', ''*war-'' with the meaning of water (cf. ''Voss''). * Vestfold, see ''Fold''. * Vika β†’ '''π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπƒ''' (Weiks); ON. ''VΓ­kin'', PGem. ''*wΔ«ks''. *: Inhabitants of this area are traditionally called ''vikveΓ¦rer'' / ''-verer'' (or ''vikverjar'') m.pl. β†’ '''π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπ…πŒ°π‚πŒΎπ‰πƒ''' (weikwarjōs), sg. '''-π…πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒΉπƒ''' (-warjis); ON. ''vΓ­kverjar'', ''vΓ­kverir'', PGem. ''*wΔ«ks'' + ''*-warjōz'' (sg. ''*-warjaz''). * Vinje (Vinja) β†’ '''π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπ‰πƒ''' (Winjōs); ON. ''Vinjar'' f.pl. (modern form from gen. ''Vinja''), PGem. ''*winjō'' (pl. ''*winjΓ΄z''). * Vold(a) β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ³πŒ°''' (Walda), '''π…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ³πƒ''' (Walds); ON. ''*VΗ«ld'' (?) f., ''Valdr'' m., PN. *αšΉαš¨α›šα›žαš’ (''*Waldu'') (?). * Voss β†’ '''π…πŒ°π‚πƒπŒ°''' (Warsa); ON. ''VΗ«rs'' f., PGem. ''*Warsō'', ''*Warusō''. * Vossavangen β†’ '''π…πŒ°π‚πƒπŒ°π…πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πƒ''' (Warsawaggs); ON. ''VΗ«rs'' + ''vangr'' m., PGem. ''*wangaz''. * VΓ₯gΓ₯ β†’ '''π…πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°''' (Waga); ON. ''Vaga'', dat. of ''*Vagi''. Related to ''vega'', PGem. ''*weganΔ…''. * Γ…l β†’ '''πŒ΄πŒ»πƒ''' (Δ’ls); ON. ''Áll'' m., PGem. ''*Δ“laz''. * Γ…lesund β†’ '''πŒ΄πŒ»πŒ°πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒ³''' (Δ’lasund); ON. ''*Álasund'' n., PGem. ''*Δ“laz'' + ''*sundΔ…''. * Ørst(a) β†’ '''π…π‰π‚πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°''' (Wōrista), '''π…π‰π‚πŒΉπƒπ„πƒ''' (Wōrists); ON. ''ΗΎrst'' (?) f., ''ΗΎrstr'' m., older ''*WōristΚ€''. * Øyer (Øye) β†’ '''πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπ‰πƒ''' (Áujōs); ON. ''*Eyja'', gen. pl. of ''ey'', PGem. ''*awjō'', or dat./gen. of ''*Eyi'', PGem. ''*awjΓ΄''. The word ''*𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰'' (← PGem. ''*awjō'') is not attested in Gothic, however it’s a common word across the rest of the Germanic languages, so the odds are low for it having fallen out of Gothic. The form is also quite apparent based on similar words like ''*frawjΗ­'' and ''*frawjΓ΄'' (β†’ ''π†π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπ‰'', ''π†π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''). To properly adapt Germanic place names to Gothic, ''*𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰'' would need to be revived. * Øyeren β†’ '''πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (Aweis); ON. ''*Eyir'', possibly an Old Norse ''ija''-derivation of ''ey'' f., PGem. ''*awjō''; otherwise PN. *αš¨αš’α›α›‰ (AuΔ«Κ€), *αš¨αš’α›αš¨α›‰, PGem. ''*Awijaz''. Alternatively PGem. ''*Awjaz'' β†’ '''πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒΉπƒ''' (however this would yield ON. ''*Eyr'' and not ''*Eyir''). Coincidentally, this latter possibility would be identical to the ending of ''*Dōnawjaz'', which is thought to have turned into ''*πŒ³π‰πŒ½πŒ°π…πŒΉ'' (Dōnawi). However, based on similar ja-stem nouns, the most expected would be ''-πŒΎπŒΉπƒ'' for a short-stemmed name like this. Cf. ''*harjaz'' β†’ ''πŒ·πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒΉπƒ'' (harjis). <!--* Hareid β†’ '''𐌷𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹''' (HaΓΎΓ‘idi); ON. ''HaΓ°areiΓ°'', PGem. ''*HaΓΎuz'' + ''*aidijΔ…''.--> ===Place names outside of modern Norway=== * BΓ₯hus, Bohus β†’ '''πŒ±πŒ΄πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒΏπƒ''' (BΔ“gahΕ«s), '''πŒ±πŒ΄πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒΏπŒ»πŒΌπƒ''' (BΔ“gahulms); ON. ''BΓ‘gahΓΊs'' (← PGem. ''*hΕ«sΔ…''), older ''BΓ‘gaholmr'', PGem. ''*bΔ“gaz'' (weak decl. ''*bΔ“gΓ΄'') + ''*hulmaz''. * FΓ¦rΓΈyane, Faroe Islands β†’ '''π†πŒ°πŒ·πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπ‰πƒ''' (FahisΓ‘ujōs); ON. ''FΓ¦reyjar'', PGem. ''*fahiz'' n. + ''*awjō''. * HerjΓ₯dal, Herjedal β†’ '''πŒ·πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πˆπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πƒ''' (HarjaΖ•adals); ON. ''HerjΓ‘dalr'', PGem. root ''*her-'', ''*har-'' + ''*ahwō'' + ''*dalaz''. * Hjaltland, Shetland β†’ '''πŒ·πŒΉπŒ»π„πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Hiltaland); ON. ''Hjaltland'', PGem. ''*heltΔ…'' + ''*landΔ…''. * Jamteland, Jamtland β†’ '''πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Imatjaland); ON. ''Jamtaland'', PGem. ''*ematjaz'', from a verb ''*ematjanΔ…'' (related to ''*nemanΔ…'' + ''-atjanΔ…'') + ''*landΔ…''. *: Inhabitants of this area are traditionally called ''jamtar'' m.pl. β†’ '''πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°π„πŒΎπ‰πƒ''' (imatjōs); ON. ''jamtar'' (sg. ''jamtr''), Old Icelandic ''jamtr'' (sg. and pl.). The legendary Kjetel jamte (Sw. Kettil JΓ€mte) would then be πŒΊπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ»πƒ πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°π„πŒΎπŒΉπƒ (Katils imatjis). * OrknΓΈyane, Orkney β†’ '''πŒ°π‚πŒ΅πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπ‰πƒ''' (ArqinΓ‘ujōs); ON. ''Orkneyjar'', PGem. ''*arkwΔ«nΔ…'' + ''*awjō''. * Vinland β†’ '''π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Weinaland), '''π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Winjaland); ON. ''VΓ­nland'' (← PGem. ''*wΔ«nΔ…'') or ''Vinland'', PGem. ''*winjō'' + ''*landΔ…''. ===Sami names=== Some names do not fit to the treatment of the Germanic derived ones, and these are the ones from Sami. These names can only be transcribed. * Deatnu, Tana β†’ '''πŒ³πŒ΄π„πŒ½π‰''' (DΔ“tnō) f.; from ''deatnu'' (large river), Proto-Sami ''*Teanō'', possibly influenced by ''*eanō'' (large river). * Guovdageaidnu, Kautokeino β†’ '''πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπŒ±πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΎπŒ³πŒ½π‰''' (GaΓΊbdagajdnō) f.; from ''guovda'' (half, middle) + ''geaidnu'' (way, road), Proto-Sami ''*kuovtΓ«'' + ''*keajnō''. Cf. Kven/Finnish ''Koutokeino''. * KΓ‘rΓ‘Ε‘johka, Karasjok β†’ '''πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏπŒ·πŒΊπŒ°''' (KārāsjaΓΊhka) f.; from ''kΓ‘rΓ‘Ε‘'' / ''gΓ‘rΓ‘Ε‘'', diminutive of ''gΓ‘rri'' (wooden food plate) + ''johka'' (river). A possible semi-translation could otherwise be '''πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒ°πƒπŒΎπŒ°πˆπŒ°''' (KārāsjaΖ•a), with the ''-j-'' reanalysed to the former word stem. * MΓ‘ze, Masi β†’ '''πŒΌπŒ°π„πƒπŒΉ''' (Mātsi) f. or n., '''𐌼𐌰𐌢𐌹''' (Māzi) f.; cf. Finnish ''Maasi''. ==Notes and references== <references /> kth8rhsras6vj7gmmqrgw4l3eym503c πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ:Eiliv/Swedish place names 2 9096 49436 49051 2026-08-02T23:12:45Z Eiliv 10999 49436 wikitext text/x-wiki Short catalogue of Gothic forms of various Swedish place names. See [[πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ:Eiliv/Norwegian place names|my other list]] for Norwegian place names. * Dalarna '''πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»π‰πƒ''' (Dalōs). PGem. ''*dalaz''. * Gotland '''πŒ²πŒΏπ„πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Gutland). PGem. ''*gutΓ΄'' + ''*landΔ…''. * GΓΆtaland '''πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (GΓ‘utaland). PGem. ''*gautaz'' + ''*landΔ…''. * GΓΆteborg, Gothenburg '''πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ''' (GΓ‘utabaΓΊrgs). PGem. ''*gautaz'' + ''*burgz''. * Karlstad '''πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΈπƒ''' (KarilastaΓΎs). PGem. ''*karilaz'' + ''*stadiz''. * MalmΓΆ '''πŒΌπŒ°πŒ»πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²π‰πƒ''' (MalmahΓ‘ugōs). OD. ''Malmoghe'' m.pl., ''Malmhauge'', PGem. ''*malmaz'' + ''*haugaz''. * SkΓ₯ne, Scania '''πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒ³πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (SkadinΓ‘uja). ON. ''SkΓ‘ney'' f., PGem. ''*Skadinawjō''. * Stockholm '''πƒπ„πŒΏπŒΊπŒΊπŒ°πŒ·πŒΏπŒ»πŒΌπƒ''' (Stukkahulms). PGem. ''*stukkaz'' + ''*hulmaz''. * VΓ€nern '''π…πŒ΄πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (WΔ“neis). ON. ''VΓ¦nir'' m., possibly an ''ija''-derivation of ''vΓ¦nn'', PGem. ''*WΔ“nijaz'', from ''*wΔ“niz''. knrwng3qravw5kbi53hm0adtz0bbqke 49437 49436 2026-08-02T23:14:32Z Eiliv 10999 49437 wikitext text/x-wiki Short catalogue of Gothic forms of various Swedish place names. See [[πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ:Eiliv/Norwegian place names|my other list]] for Norwegian place names. * Dalarna '''πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»π‰πƒ''' (Dalōs). PGem. ''*dalaz''. * Gotland '''πŒ²πŒΏπ„πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (Gutland). PGem. ''*gutΓ΄'' + ''*landΔ…''. * GΓΆtaland '''πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³''' (GΓ‘utaland). PGem. ''*gautaz'' + ''*landΔ…''. * GΓΆteborg, Gothenburg '''πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπ„πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ''' (GΓ‘utabaΓΊrgs). PGem. ''*gautaz'' + ''*burgz''. * Karlstad '''πŒΊπŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΈπƒ''' (KarilastaΓΎs). PGem. ''*karilaz'' + ''*stadiz''. * MalmΓΆ '''πŒΌπŒ°πŒ»πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²π‰πƒ''' (MalmahΓ‘ugōs). OD. ''Malmoghe'' m.pl., ''Malmhauge'', PGem. ''*malmaz'' + ''*haugaz''. * SkΓ₯ne, Scania '''πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒ³πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°''' (SkadinΓ‘uja). ON. ''SkΓ‘ney'' f., PGem. ''*Skadinawjō''. * Stockholm '''πƒπ„πŒΏπŒΊπŒΊπŒ°πŒ·πŒΏπŒ»πŒΌπƒ''' (Stukkahulms). PGem. ''*stukkaz'' + ''*hulmaz''. * VΓ€nern '''π…πŒ΄πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ''' (WΔ“neis). ON. ''VΓ¦nir'' m., possibly an ''ija''-derivation of ''vΓ¦nn'', PN. *αšΉαš¨αšΎα›α›‰ (''*WānΔ«Κ€''), PGem. ''*WΔ“nijaz'', from ''*wΔ“niz''. 1l05ugxkuzxph8o9xc4eff2b84caafy 𐌳𐌴 πŒΌπ…πŒ°πŒ½ 0 9170 49408 2026-08-02T12:57:08Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[𐌳𐌴 πŒΌπ…πŒ°πŒ½]] 𐌳𐌿 [[πŒΌπŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒΊπŒΏπŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] 49408 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[πŒΌπŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒΊπŒΏπŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] 4eu07l3isfj8ogcmx9xj19pg40moyju 𐌻𐌿𐌴𐌹𐌢𐌴𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌰 0 9171 49411 2026-08-02T13:23:19Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[𐌻𐌿𐌴𐌹𐌢𐌴𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌰]] 𐌳𐌿 [[πŒ·πŒ»πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³]] 49411 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[πŒ·πŒ»πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³]] 107gio0w65sage10dpmeyhn4lor7h68 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π€π‰πŒ»πŒΉπƒ 0 9172 49414 2026-08-02T13:27:45Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π€π‰πŒ»πŒΉπƒ]] 𐌳𐌿 [[πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] 49414 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] 8u57pb3az8euj6d29yungelw113nw8x πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½ 0 9173 49417 2026-08-02T13:32:30Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½]] 𐌳𐌿 [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒΉπƒ]] 49417 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒΉπƒ]] ry7m75rtexgetjup6e0dyq77vpd9d2w πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ 0 9175 49422 2026-08-02T13:34:43Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv moved page [[πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ]] to [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒΉπƒ]] over redirect 49422 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ πŒ±π‰π„πŒ°π…πŒΏπŒ»π†πŒΉπƒ]] ry7m75rtexgetjup6e0dyq77vpd9d2w π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ 0 9176 49430 2026-08-02T17:37:24Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ]] 𐌳𐌿 [[π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ]] 49430 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ]] mj0or67nyrr2uaqreru0z3kmvifaafi Talk:π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ 1 9177 49432 2026-08-02T17:37:24Z Eiliv 10999 Eiliv πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ† [[Talk:π€πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ]] 𐌳𐌿 [[Talk:π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ]] 49432 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Talk:π€πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ]] km3848p75a50giaq464jgdgyzw1r2zp