Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5506 98413 98405 2026-05-23T23:06:16Z DaSupremo 9 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Tachio lydiana|Tachio lydiana]] ([[User talk:Tachio lydiana|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] 31811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ahmadu Bello University''' '''Zaria''' be federal government research varsity wey dey locate insyd Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria,<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150709222349/http://abu.edu.ng/abu-2/ "Ahmadu Bello University"]. ''Ahmadu Bello University''. Archived from [http://abu.edu.ng/abu-2/ the original] on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.</ref> dem open am insyd 1962 as de University of Northern Nigeria.<ref name=":0" /> Ahmadu Bello found am wey dem now name for Ahmadu Bello, de first premier of Northern Nigeria.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221004160221/https://www.theabusites.com/history-of-Ahmadu-Bello-University-ABU-Zaria/ "History Of ABU Zaria: The Largest University In Sub Saharan Africa"]. 2021-05-03. Archived from [https://www.theabusites.com/history-of-ahmadu-bello-university-abu-zaria/ the original] on 2022-10-04. Retrieved 2022-05-04.</ref> De varsity dey operate main campus at Samaru; satellite from nearby Kongo, den pre-degree school insyd Funtua, approximately 85 kilometres (53 mi) away. De main campus houses administrative offices den faculties of physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, arts den languages, education, environmental design, engineering, medical sciences, vetrinary medicine, agricultural sciences, den research centres. Kongo dey hosts faculties of law den administration, de latter dey address accounting, business administration, local government den development studies as well as public administration.<ref>[https://www.theabusites.ng/history-of-ahmadu-bello-university-abu-zaria/ "History Of ABU Zaria: The Largest University In Sub Saharan Africa | The Abusites"]. 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2023-05-17.</ref> Undergraduate den graduate programmes dey include affiliate degrees, vocational programmes den remedial courses. De varsity get one of de largest teaching hospitals for de country insyd make e support medical teaching den research.<ref name=":1">[https://library.abu.edu.ng/pages/about.php "Kashim Ibrahim Library"]. ''Ahmadu Bello''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211005131736/https://library.abu.edu.ng/pages/about.php Archived] from the original on 2021-10-05. Retrieved 2021-10-05.</ref> == Administration == Ahmadu Bello University get chancellor as ein ceremonial head, while de vice-chancellor be chief executive den academic officer. Dem dey usually appoint de vice-chancellor for five-year, non-renewable term. {| class="wikitable" |+Vice chancellors<ref>''Undergraduate Student Handbook''. Ahmadu Bello University Press. 2014. p. 15. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-978-125-139-9|978-978-125-139-9]]</bdi>.</ref> ! ! !Tenure !Profession |- |1 |Norman Alexander |1961–1966 |Physicist |- |2 |Ishaya Audu |1966–1975 |Medical doctor |- |3 |Iya Abubakar |1975–1978 |Mathematician |- |4 |Oladipo Akikugbe |1978–1979 |Medical doctor |- |5 |Ango Abdullahi |1979–1986 |Agricultural scientist |- |6 |Adamu N Muhammad |1986–1991 |Entomologist |- |7 |Daniel Iyorkegh Saror |1991–1995 |Veterinarian |- |8 |Major-General Mamman Kontagora |1995–1998 | |- |9 |Abdullahi Mahadi |1999–2004 |Historian |- |10 |Shehu Usman Abdullahi |2004–2009 |Veterinarian |- |11 |Jarlath Udoudo Umoh |2009–2009 |Veterinarian |- |12 |Aliyu Mohammed |2009–2010 |Linguist (English) |- |13 |Abdullahi Mustapha |2010–2015 |Pharmacist |- |14 |Ibrahim Garba |2015–2020 |Geologist |- |15 |Kabir Bala |2020–Date |Construction |} == Faculties den Schools == Faculties den courses de varsity dey offer be<ref>[https://flashlearners.com/faculties-courses-abu-zaria/ "13 Faculties And Courses in Abu Zaria - FlashLearners"]. ''flashlearners.com''. 2020-08-28. Retrieved 2024-04-29.</ref> === Faculty of Art === Departments under de faculty # African Languages den cultures # Arabic # Archaeology den Heritage Studies # English den Literary Studies # French # History # Philosophy # Theatre den Performing Arts === Faculty of Education === Departments under de faculty # Educational Psychology den Counselling # Arts den Social Science Education # Literary Science # Vocational den Technical Education (VTE) # Physical & Health Education # Science Education # Educational Foundations den Curriculum (DEDUFC) # Educational Psychology den Counselling === Faculty of Engineering === Departments under de faculty # Electrical den Computer Engineering # Mechanical Engineering # Metallurgical Engineering # Computer Engineering # Electronics den Telecommunication Engineering # Civil Engineering # Chemical Engineering # Agricultural den Bio-Resources Engineering # Water Resources den Environmental Engineering === Faculty of Environmental Design === Departments under de faculty # Architecture # Building # Fine Arts # Geomatics # Glass den Silicone Technology # Industrial Design # Urban and Regional Planning # Quantity Surveying # Geomatics(Land Surveying) === Faculty of Life Sciences === Departments under de faculty # Biochemistry # Biology # Botany # Microbiology # Zoology === Faculty of Physical Science === Departments under de faculty # Chemistry # Computer Science # Geography # Geology # Mathematics # Physics # Statistics # Polymer den Textile Science === Faculty of Veterinary Medicine === Departments under de faculty # Veterinary Medicine # Veterinary Anatomy # Veterinary Microbiology # Veterinary Physiology # Veterinary Pathology # Veterinary Parasitology den Entomology # Veterinary Pharmacology den Toxicology # Veterinary Public Health den Preventive Medicine # Veterinary Surgery den Radiology # Veterinary Theriogenology den Production === Faculty of Administration === Departments under de faculty # Accounting # Business Administration # Public Administration # Local Government den Development Studies === Faculty of Agriculture === Departments under de faculty # Soil Science # Agricultural Economics # Agricultural Extension den Rural Development # Agronomy # Animal Science # Crop Protection # Plant Science === Faculty of Law === Departments under de faculty # Public Law # Private Law # Commercial Law # Islamic Law === Business School === Departments under de faculty # Accounting # Actuarial Science & Insurance # Banking den Finance # Business Administration # Economics # Marketing === Faculty of Basic Medical Science === Departments under de faculty # Human Anatomy # Human Physiology # Medical Biochemistry === Faculty of Basic Clinical Science === == Library == Kashim Ibrahim Library K.I.L., dey serve varsity students den academic staff from de main campus den satellites.<ref name=":1" /> As of 2006, ein collections dey include over 1.2 million books; 66,000 periodicals, den oda learning materials.<ref>Nok, Grace (2006). [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188041074.pdf "The Challenges of Computerizing a University Library in Nigeria: the Case of Kashim Ibrahim Library, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria"] (PDF). ''Library Philosophy and Practice''. '''78'''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210606040144/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188041074.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-06.</ref><ref>Nok, Grace (2006-04-14). [https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/78 "The Challenges of Computerizing a University Library in Nigeria: The Case of Kashim Ibrahim Library, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria"]. ''Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)''.</ref> Dem establish de library insyd 1955 wey dey comprise single small room, later dem convert am go staff club. Insyd 1963, dem construct replacement building for $39,000 dem name give de then state governor.<ref name=":1" /> == Ranking == Dem rank Ahmadu Bello University Zaria 6th among de federal public varsity insyd Nigeria as at February 2024.<ref>[https://edurank.org/uni/ahmadu-bello-university/ "Ahmadu Bello University &#x5B;Acceptance Rate + Statistics&#x5D;"]. ''EduRank.org - Discover university rankings by location''. 2019-11-21. Retrieved 2024-04-11.</ref> == Admission Requirements == Any student wey dey seek admissions into de school degree program of de school, for get at least five credits insyd Mathematics, English den any oda relevant subjects for WAEC/NECO/SSCE insyd. Den sanso for score 180 insyd Joint Admission Matriculation Board(JAMB).<ref>Fapohunda, Olusegun (2024-01-01). [https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/abu-distance-learning-courses/ "ABU Distance Learning Courses and Admission Requirements"]. ''MySchoolGist''. Retrieved 2024-04-11.</ref><ref>[https://abudlc.edu.ng/admission-requirements/ "Admission Requirements"]. ''ABU DLC''. Retrieved 2024-04-11.</ref> == Notable alumni == De Ahmadu Bello University be notable for producing prominent people den Nigerian leaders, wey dey include chaw former den current state governors den ministers. Amongst de alumni be: * Magaji Abdullahi, former national chairmo of de National Centre Party of Nigeria (NCPN), former senator, former deputy governor * Alash'le Abimiku, executive director of de International Research Centre of Excellence at de Institute of Human Virology Nigeria * Muhammed K. Abubakar, academic, former minister * Mohammed Bello Adoke, former Minister of Justice & Attorney General of de Federation * Ahmed Abdullah, OON, former Agriculture den Rural Development Minister * Atiku Abubakar GCON, former Vice Pee, Federal Republic of Nigeria * Bashir Abubakar, retired Assist controller general of Customs * Yayale Ahmed, former secretary to de Government of de Federation * Aisha Alhassan, former minister of women's affairs * Bashir Abubakar, retired Assist controller general of Customs * Adamu Aliero, former Governor, Kebbi State * Saratu Iya Aliyu * Solomon Arase, former IGP, Nigeria Police Force * Ayodele Awojobi, scientist den professor at [[University of Lagos]] * Sunday Awoniyi, Northern Yoruba Leader, former chairman ACF * Anthony Ayine, auditor general for the Federation * Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli Current Emir of Zazzau den former Ambassador to Thailand * Mohammed Bawa, former Ekiti State governor * Yahaya Bello, governor, Kogi state * Franca Brown, actress. * Maryam Ciroma, former Minister of Women Affairs * Yahaya Abubakar Abdullahi, Senate Majority Leader of de Nigerian 9th National Assembly * Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo, former governor, Gombe State * Usman Saidu Nasamu Dakingari, former governor, Kebbi State * Lawal Musa Daura, former director general, Nigerian State Security Service * Oladipo Diya, GCON, former vice pee/CGS, Federal Republic of Nigeria * Ibrahim Hussaini Doko, DG of Raw materials Nigeria * Donald Duke, former Cross River state governor * Saddiq Dzukogi, poet den professor of English, Mississippi State University * Afakriya Gadzama, former Director General Nigerian State Security Service * Ibrahim Gaidam, former governor, Yobe State * Jerry Gana, former information minister * Abubakar Ibn Umar Garba, ''Shehu of Borno'' * Ibrahim Garba, former vice chancellor (ABU) * Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya, former Kano state governor * Isa Marte Hussaini, professor, pharmacologist * Bukar Ibrahim, former governor, Yobe State * Ibrahim Kpotun Idris, former IGP, Nigeria Police Force * Catherine Uju Ifejika, chairmo den CEO, Brittania-U Limited * Azubuike Ihejirika, former Chief of Army Staff * Attahiru Jega, professor, former chairmo, Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) * Zainab Abdulkadir Kure, politician * Aisha Augie-Kuta, photographer * Idris Legbo Kutigi, former chief justice of Nigeria * Shehu Ladan, former group MD, NNPC * Sanusi Lamido, former governor Central Bank of Nigeria, former Emir of Kano * Ibrahim Lamorde, former chairmo, EFCC * Rilwanu Lukman, former secretary general OPEC & Petroleum Minister * Muhammad Nasirudeen Maiturare, professor, former vice Chancellor, IBBUL, Niger State * Ahmed Makarfi, former Kaduna state governor * Umaru Tanko Al-Makura, former governor, Nasarawa State * Dino Melaye, senator, Kogi West * Ahmed Tijjani Mora, pharmacist, presido of ABU Alumni Association * Faruk Imam Muhammad, justice, Kogi state Judiciary * Magaji Muhammed OFR, former Minister of Internal Affairs, former Minister of Industries den former Ambassador to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia * Mansur Muhtar, former executive director of de World Bank * Dahiru Musdapher, former chief justice of Nigeria * Abdullahi Mustapha, former vice chancellor (ABU) * Ghali Umar Na'Abba, former Speaker, House of Representatives * Usman Bayero Nafada, former deputy speaker, House of Representatives * Muhammad Mamman Nami, Executive Chairmo, Federal Inland Revenue Service FIRS * Rebecca Ndjoze-Ojo, Namibian, politician * Demas Nwoko, artist den architect * Olufemi Obafemi, Poet, Playwright, den Author * Samuel Oboh, architect * Gani Odutokun, artist den educator * Uche Okeke, artist den educator * Mike Omotosho, national chairmo of de Labour Party (Nigeria) * Bruce Onobrakpeya, artist * Samuel Ortom, former Minister of State Trade den Investments * Jude Rabo, vice-chancellor of Federal University, Wukari * Nuhu Ribadu, former chairmo, EFCC * Nura Abba Rimi, Career Diplomat, Ambassador of Nigeria to [[Egypt]] * Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai, governor of Kaduna State * Aminu Safana, doctor/politician * Namadi Sambo, former vice pee of Nigeria * Faisal Shuaib, medical doctor, executive director den chief executive officer of Nigeria's National Primary Health Care Development Agency * Ibrahim Shekarau, former Kano state governor * Ibrahim Shema, former governor, Katsina State * Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, administrator * Ussif Rashid Sumaila, economist * Danbaba Suntai, former governor, Taraba State * Ibrahim Umar, former vice chancellor den scientist * Lawal Adamu Usman Senator wey dey represent Kaduna central * Nenadi Usman, former finance minister * Shamsuddeen Usman, former Minister of National Planning * Auwal H Yadudu Nigerian academician den Vice-Chancellor of de Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State * Patrick Yakowa, former governor Kaduna state * Andrew Yakubu, former group MD, NNPC * Turai Yar'Adua, former first lady * Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, GCFR, former presido of Nigeria * Isa Yuguda, former governor, Bauchi State * Ibrahim Zakzaky prominent Shi'ite cleric, founder Islamic Movement in Nigeria == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://www.abu.edu.ng/ Official website] [[Category:Ahmadu Bello University]] [[Category:Universities den colleges dem establish insyd 1962]] [[Category:Federal universities of Nigeria]] [[Category:1962 establishments insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Universities den colleges insyd Kaduna State]] [[Category:Public universities insyd Nigeria]] [[Category:Educational institutions dem establish insyd 1962]] [[Category:Education insyd Kaduna State]] jyant4t13gw84pl1gs1udpw06fpylxd 0 24192 98409 87161 2026-05-23T18:37:26Z ~2026-31021-83 6083 /* External links */ 98409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Maghrib_Prayer_in_Masjid_Al-Haram.jpg|thumb|Maghrib prayer at [[Masjid al-Haram]] insyd [[Saudi Arabia]].]] '''Maghrib''' (Arabic: صلاة المغرب) be one of de five mandatory [[salah]] (Islamic prayers), aden dey contain three cycles (''[[rak'a]]''). If dem count from midnight, e be de fourth one. According to Shia den Sunni Muslims, de period for Maghrib prayer dey start just after sunset, dey follow [[Asr (prayer)|Asr prayer]], den dey end at de beginning of night, de start of de [[Isha (prayer)|Isha prayer]]. As for Shia Muslims, since dem dey allow Maghrib den Isha prayers to be performed one after anoda, de period for Maghrib prayer dey extend til midnight. Sunni Muslims (except for de Hanafi school) sanso permit to combine Maghrib den Isha prayers if dem dey travel den incapable of performing de prayers separately. Insyd dis case, de period for Maghrib prayer dey extend from sunset to dawn, as plus Shiites. De formal daily prayers of [[Islam]] dey comprise different numbers of units, dem call ''[[Rak'a|rakat]]''. De Maghrib prayer get three obligatory (''fard'') rak'at den two ''sunnah'' den two non-obligatory ''nafls.'' Dem dey pray de first two fard rak'ats aloud by de Imam insyd congregation (de person wey miss se congregation den dey offer prayer alone no be bound to speak de first two rak'ats aloud), den de third be prayed silently. To be considered valid ''salat'', de formal daily prayers each for be performed within dema own prescribed time period. People plus a legitimate reason get a longer period during wich dema prayers go be valid.<ref name="quranreading">{{Cite web |title=Significance of Offering The Isha Prayer and Its Benefits |url=https://www.quranreading.com/blog/isha-prayer-significance-benefits |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.quranreading.com}}</ref> De five daily prayers collectively be one pillar of de [[Five Pillars of Islam]], insyd Sunni Islam, den one of de ten Practices of de Religion (''Furū al-Dīn'') according to Shia Islam. ==Name variations== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Language !! Main |- | Albanian || {{lang|sq|Namazi-i-akshamit}}, {{lang|sq|Namaz-i-mbrëmjes}} |- | Arabic || {{lang|ar|صلاة المغرب}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|Ṣalāh al-Maghrib}}) |- | Azerbaijani || {{lang|az|Şam namazı}} |- | Bashkir || {{lang|ba|Аҡшам намаҙы}} ({{lang|ba-Latn|Akşam namazı}}) |- | Bengali || {{lang|bn|মাগরিব}} ({{lang|bn-Latn|Magrib}}, {{lang|bn-Latn|Mugrib}}) |- | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian || {{lang|sh|Akšam-namaz}} |- | Hindi || {{lang|hi|मग़रिब कि नमाज़्}} ({{lang|hi-Latn|Maghrib ki Namaz}}) |- | Kashmiri || {{lang|ks|شام نماز}} ({{lang|ks-Latn|Shaam Namaz}}) |- | Kazakh || {{lang|kk|Ақшам намазы}} ({{lang|kk-Latn|Aqşam namazy}}) |- | Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) || {{lang|ku-Latn|Nimêja Êvar}}, {{lang|ku-Latn|Nimêja Mexreb}} |- | Malay, Indonesian || {{lang|ms|Solat/Salat Maghrib}} |- | Pashto || {{lang|ps|ماښام لمونځ}} ({{lang|ps-Latn|Maasham/Maakham Lmunz}}) |- | Persian, Dari, Tajik || {{lang|fa|نماز مغرب}} ({{lang|fa-Latn|Namaz-e Maghreb}})<br/>{{lang|fa|نماز شام}} ({{lang|fa-Latn|Namaz-e Shaam}})<br/>{{lang|tg|Намози Мағриб}} ({{lang|tg-Latn|Namozi Maghrib}})<br/>{{lang|tg|Намози Шом}} ({{lang|tg-Latn|Namozi Shom}}) |- | Punjabi || {{lang|pa|شام دی نماز}} ({{lang|pa-Latn|Shaam di namaz}})<br/>{{lang|pa|مغرب دی نماز}} ({{lang|pa-Latn|Maghrab di namaz}}) |- | Somali || {{lang|so|Salaada Magrib}} |- | Central Kurdish (Sorani) || {{lang|ckb|نوێژی مەغریب}} ({{lang|ckb-Latn|Nuêjî Mexrîb}}) |- | Tashelhit|| {{lang|shi-Tfng|ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵜⵛⵉ}} ({{lang|shi-Latn|Taẓallit n tiwwutci}}) |- | Sindhi || {{lang|sd|سانجهي جي نماز}} ({{lang|sd-Latn|Saanjhi ji Nimaz}}) |- | Tarifit || {{lang|rif|Řemɣaạb}} |- | Tatar || {{lang|tt|Ахшам намазы}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|Axşam namazı}}) |- | Turkish || {{lang|tr|Akşam namazı}} |- | Urdu || {{lang|ur|نمازِ مغرب}} ({{lang|ur-Latn|Namaaz-e-Maghrib}})<br/>{{lang|ur|مغرب کی نماز}} ({{lang|ur-Latn|Maghrib ki Namaaz}}) |- | Uyghur || {{lang|ug|شام نامىزى}} ({{lang|ug-Latn|Shaam Namzi}}) |- | Uzbek || {{lang|uz|Shom namozi}} |} == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons}} * [http://www.qul.org.au/prayertimes 'My Prayer Times'] on qul.org.au (in 13 languages) * [https://prayertimein.com/ 'Prayer Time In'] on prayertimein.com (English language) * [https://namaz-time.com Namaz Time] [[Category:Salah]] [[Category:Salah terminology]] [[Category:Evening]] [[Category:2026 Wiki Dey Love Ramadan Contributions]] pscv7v09g4g5wl5rzkv38hfo0mca48q 0 26984 98416 98400 2026-05-24T11:20:34Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Temazepam''', dem sell under de brand name '''Restoril''' among odas, be a [[medication]] of de benzodiazepine class wich generally be used to treat severe anaa debilitating [[insomnia]].<ref name=AHFS2019/> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name=AHFS2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam rapidly be absorbed, den significant hypnotic den anxiolytic effects dey begin in less dan 30 minutes wey fi last for up to eight hours.<ref name="monograph2">{{cite web |title=RESTORIL® Novartis Temazepam Hypnotic |url=http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20R)/RESTORIL.html |work=Pharmaceutical Information |publisher=RxMed}}</ref><ref name=Shell2015>{{cite book | vauthors = Collins SR |title=Pharmacology and the Nursing Process |date=2015 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=9780323358286 |page=193 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06A_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 }}</ref> Prescriptions give hypnotics, such as temazepam, see a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics, such as [[alprazolam]], [[clonazepam]], den [[lorazepam]], increase anaa remain stable.<ref name="Breen et al">{{cite journal | vauthors = Breen CL, Degenhardt LJ, Bruno RB, Roxburgh AD, Jenkinson R | title = The effects of restricting publicly subsidised temazepam capsules on benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users in Australia | journal = The Medical Journal of Australia | volume = 181 | issue = 6 | pages = 300–304 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15377238 | doi = 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06293.x | s2cid = 6870892 }}</ref> Temazepam den similar hypnotics, such as triazolam (Halcion), generally be reserved give severe den debilitating insomnia. Dem largely be replaced by z-drugs (zopiclone, [[zolpidem]]) den atypical antidepressants ([[trazodone]], [[mirtazapine]]) as first line treatment give insomnia.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Common side effects dey include drowsiness, motor den cognitive impairment, lethargy, confusion, euphoria, den dizziness.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Serious side effects fi include hallucinations, hypotension, respiratory depression, den anaphylaxis. E fi lead to addiction, wey e get a potential for abuse.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use generally no be recommended togeda plus alcohol anaa opioids.<ref name=AHFS2019/> If de dose be rapidly decreased withdrawal fi occur.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use during [[pregnancy]] anaa [[breastfeeding]] no be recommended.<ref name=Preg2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam (Restoril) Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam be a short-acting benzodiazepine den hypnotic.<ref name=AHFS2019/><ref name=Shell2015/> E dey work by affecting GABA within de brain.<ref name=AHFS2019/> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == bm6n7u1fsklz4ls1bg2pzngvty5xplh 98417 98416 2026-05-24T11:22:36Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Temazepam''', dem sell under de brand name '''Restoril''' among odas, be a [[medication]] of de benzodiazepine class wich generally be used to treat severe anaa debilitating [[insomnia]].<ref name=AHFS2019/> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name=AHFS2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam rapidly be absorbed, den significant hypnotic den anxiolytic effects dey begin in less dan 30 minutes wey fi last for up to eight hours.<ref name="monograph2">{{cite web |title=RESTORIL® Novartis Temazepam Hypnotic |url=http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20R)/RESTORIL.html |work=Pharmaceutical Information |publisher=RxMed}}</ref><ref name=Shell2015>{{cite book | vauthors = Collins SR |title=Pharmacology and the Nursing Process |date=2015 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=9780323358286 |page=193 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06A_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 }}</ref> Prescriptions give hypnotics, such as temazepam, see a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics, such as [[alprazolam]], [[clonazepam]], den [[lorazepam]], increase anaa remain stable.<ref name="Breen et al">{{cite journal | vauthors = Breen CL, Degenhardt LJ, Bruno RB, Roxburgh AD, Jenkinson R | title = The effects of restricting publicly subsidised temazepam capsules on benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users in Australia | journal = The Medical Journal of Australia | volume = 181 | issue = 6 | pages = 300–304 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15377238 | doi = 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06293.x | s2cid = 6870892 }}</ref> Temazepam den similar hypnotics, such as triazolam (Halcion), generally be reserved give severe den debilitating insomnia. Dem largely be replaced by z-drugs (zopiclone, [[zolpidem]]) den atypical antidepressants ([[trazodone]], [[mirtazapine]]) as first line treatment give insomnia.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Common side effects dey include drowsiness, motor den cognitive impairment, lethargy, confusion, euphoria, den dizziness.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Serious side effects fi include hallucinations, hypotension, respiratory depression, den anaphylaxis. E fi lead to addiction, wey e get a potential for abuse.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use generally no be recommended togeda plus alcohol anaa opioids.<ref name=AHFS2019/> If de dose be rapidly decreased withdrawal fi occur.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use during [[pregnancy]] anaa [[breastfeeding]] no be recommended.<ref name=Preg2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam (Restoril) Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam be a short-acting benzodiazepine den hypnotic.<ref name=AHFS2019/><ref name=Shell2015/> E dey work by affecting GABA within de brain.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Dem patent temazepam insyd 1962 wey e cam into medical use insyd 1969.<ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=537 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA537 }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication.<ref name=BNF76>{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=481|edition=76}}</ref> Insyd 2021, na e be de 208th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 2{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2021 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=14 January 2024 | archive-date=15 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115223848/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Temazepam - Drug Usage Statistics | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Temazepam | access-date = 14 January 2024}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 6zsjghdj5kyp0fzhpscd8g0gbkmfy56 98418 98417 2026-05-24T11:24:39Z DaSupremo 9 /* Overdose */ Improve article 98418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Temazepam''', dem sell under de brand name '''Restoril''' among odas, be a [[medication]] of de benzodiazepine class wich generally be used to treat severe anaa debilitating [[insomnia]].<ref name=AHFS2019/> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name=AHFS2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam rapidly be absorbed, den significant hypnotic den anxiolytic effects dey begin in less dan 30 minutes wey fi last for up to eight hours.<ref name="monograph2">{{cite web |title=RESTORIL® Novartis Temazepam Hypnotic |url=http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20R)/RESTORIL.html |work=Pharmaceutical Information |publisher=RxMed}}</ref><ref name=Shell2015>{{cite book | vauthors = Collins SR |title=Pharmacology and the Nursing Process |date=2015 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=9780323358286 |page=193 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06A_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 }}</ref> Prescriptions give hypnotics, such as temazepam, see a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics, such as [[alprazolam]], [[clonazepam]], den [[lorazepam]], increase anaa remain stable.<ref name="Breen et al">{{cite journal | vauthors = Breen CL, Degenhardt LJ, Bruno RB, Roxburgh AD, Jenkinson R | title = The effects of restricting publicly subsidised temazepam capsules on benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users in Australia | journal = The Medical Journal of Australia | volume = 181 | issue = 6 | pages = 300–304 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15377238 | doi = 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06293.x | s2cid = 6870892 }}</ref> Temazepam den similar hypnotics, such as triazolam (Halcion), generally be reserved give severe den debilitating insomnia. Dem largely be replaced by z-drugs (zopiclone, [[zolpidem]]) den atypical antidepressants ([[trazodone]], [[mirtazapine]]) as first line treatment give insomnia.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Common side effects dey include drowsiness, motor den cognitive impairment, lethargy, confusion, euphoria, den dizziness.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Serious side effects fi include hallucinations, hypotension, respiratory depression, den anaphylaxis. E fi lead to addiction, wey e get a potential for abuse.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use generally no be recommended togeda plus alcohol anaa opioids.<ref name=AHFS2019/> If de dose be rapidly decreased withdrawal fi occur.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use during [[pregnancy]] anaa [[breastfeeding]] no be recommended.<ref name=Preg2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam (Restoril) Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam be a short-acting benzodiazepine den hypnotic.<ref name=AHFS2019/><ref name=Shell2015/> E dey work by affecting GABA within de brain.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Dem patent temazepam insyd 1962 wey e cam into medical use insyd 1969.<ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=537 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA537 }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication.<ref name=BNF76>{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=481|edition=76}}</ref> Insyd 2021, na e be de 208th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 2{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2021 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=14 January 2024 | archive-date=15 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115223848/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Temazepam - Drug Usage Statistics | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Temazepam | access-date = 14 January 2024}}</ref> ==Overdose== Overdosage of temazepam dey result in increasing CNS effects, wey dey include: * Somnolence (difficulty staying awake) * Mental confusion * Respiratory depression * Hypotension * Cyanosis * Impaired motor functions * Impaired or absent reflexes * Impaired coordination * Impaired balance * Dizziness, sedation * Coma * Death == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r4phq8cnedpie8xqhjwy80c6vffjsv3 98419 98418 2026-05-24T11:29:00Z DaSupremo 9 /* Street terms */ Improve article 98419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Temazepam''', dem sell under de brand name '''Restoril''' among odas, be a [[medication]] of de benzodiazepine class wich generally be used to treat severe anaa debilitating [[insomnia]].<ref name=AHFS2019/> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name=AHFS2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam rapidly be absorbed, den significant hypnotic den anxiolytic effects dey begin in less dan 30 minutes wey fi last for up to eight hours.<ref name="monograph2">{{cite web |title=RESTORIL® Novartis Temazepam Hypnotic |url=http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20R)/RESTORIL.html |work=Pharmaceutical Information |publisher=RxMed}}</ref><ref name=Shell2015>{{cite book | vauthors = Collins SR |title=Pharmacology and the Nursing Process |date=2015 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=9780323358286 |page=193 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06A_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 }}</ref> Prescriptions give hypnotics, such as temazepam, see a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics, such as [[alprazolam]], [[clonazepam]], den [[lorazepam]], increase anaa remain stable.<ref name="Breen et al">{{cite journal | vauthors = Breen CL, Degenhardt LJ, Bruno RB, Roxburgh AD, Jenkinson R | title = The effects of restricting publicly subsidised temazepam capsules on benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users in Australia | journal = The Medical Journal of Australia | volume = 181 | issue = 6 | pages = 300–304 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15377238 | doi = 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06293.x | s2cid = 6870892 }}</ref> Temazepam den similar hypnotics, such as triazolam (Halcion), generally be reserved give severe den debilitating insomnia. Dem largely be replaced by z-drugs (zopiclone, [[zolpidem]]) den atypical antidepressants ([[trazodone]], [[mirtazapine]]) as first line treatment give insomnia.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Common side effects dey include drowsiness, motor den cognitive impairment, lethargy, confusion, euphoria, den dizziness.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Serious side effects fi include hallucinations, hypotension, respiratory depression, den anaphylaxis. E fi lead to addiction, wey e get a potential for abuse.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use generally no be recommended togeda plus alcohol anaa opioids.<ref name=AHFS2019/> If de dose be rapidly decreased withdrawal fi occur.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use during [[pregnancy]] anaa [[breastfeeding]] no be recommended.<ref name=Preg2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam (Restoril) Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam be a short-acting benzodiazepine den hypnotic.<ref name=AHFS2019/><ref name=Shell2015/> E dey work by affecting GABA within de brain.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Dem patent temazepam insyd 1962 wey e cam into medical use insyd 1969.<ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=537 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA537 }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication.<ref name=BNF76>{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=481|edition=76}}</ref> Insyd 2021, na e be de 208th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 2{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2021 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=14 January 2024 | archive-date=15 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115223848/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Temazepam - Drug Usage Statistics | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Temazepam | access-date = 14 January 2024}}</ref> ==Overdose== Overdosage of temazepam dey result in increasing CNS effects, wey dey include: * Somnolence (difficulty staying awake) * Mental confusion * Respiratory depression * Hypotension * Cyanosis * Impaired motor functions * Impaired or absent reflexes * Impaired coordination * Impaired balance * Dizziness, sedation * Coma * Death ===Street terms=== Street terms give temazepam dey include king kong pills (dem formerly refer to barbiturates, now more commonly dey refer to temazepam), jellies, jelly, Edinburgh {{Not a typo|eccies}}, tams, terms, {{Not a typo|mazzies}}, {{Not a typo|temazies}}, {{Not a typo|tammies}}, {{Not a typo|temmies}}, beans, eggs, green eggs, wobbly eggs, knockouts, hardball, {{Not a typo|norries}}, oranges (common term insyd [[Australia]] den New Zealand), rugby balls, {{Not a typo|ruggers}}, terminators, red and blue, no-gos, {{Not a typo|num nums}}, blackout, green devils, drunk pills, brainwash, mind erasers, {{Not a typo|neurotrashers}}, {{Not a typo|tem-tems}} (dem combine plus buprenorphine), mommy's big helper, vitamin T, big T, TZ, de {{Not a typo|mazepam}}, {{Not a typo|resties}} ([[North America]]) den others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dan247.org.uk/Drug_Print.asp?Drug=Temazepam|title=DAN 24/7: Temazepam|website=www.dan247.org.uk|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-date=5 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705003249/http://www.dan247.org.uk/Drug_Print.asp?Drug=Temazepam|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Erowid Drug Street Terms |url=http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/slang/|work=Erowid}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 8zgsl7mmj3uxb22h9yxeu0lvn8smi1v 98420 98419 2026-05-24T11:32:24Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Temazepam''', dem sell under de brand name '''Restoril''' among odas, be a [[medication]] of de benzodiazepine class wich generally be used to treat severe anaa debilitating [[insomnia]].<ref name=AHFS2019/> Dem dey take am by mouth.<ref name=AHFS2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam rapidly be absorbed, den significant hypnotic den anxiolytic effects dey begin in less dan 30 minutes wey fi last for up to eight hours.<ref name="monograph2">{{cite web |title=RESTORIL® Novartis Temazepam Hypnotic |url=http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20R)/RESTORIL.html |work=Pharmaceutical Information |publisher=RxMed}}</ref><ref name=Shell2015>{{cite book | vauthors = Collins SR |title=Pharmacology and the Nursing Process |date=2015 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=9780323358286 |page=193 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06A_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 }}</ref> Prescriptions give hypnotics, such as temazepam, see a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics, such as [[alprazolam]], [[clonazepam]], den [[lorazepam]], increase anaa remain stable.<ref name="Breen et al">{{cite journal | vauthors = Breen CL, Degenhardt LJ, Bruno RB, Roxburgh AD, Jenkinson R | title = The effects of restricting publicly subsidised temazepam capsules on benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users in Australia | journal = The Medical Journal of Australia | volume = 181 | issue = 6 | pages = 300–304 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15377238 | doi = 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06293.x | s2cid = 6870892 }}</ref> Temazepam den similar hypnotics, such as triazolam (Halcion), generally be reserved give severe den debilitating insomnia. Dem largely be replaced by z-drugs (zopiclone, [[zolpidem]]) den atypical antidepressants ([[trazodone]], [[mirtazapine]]) as first line treatment give insomnia.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Common side effects dey include drowsiness, motor den cognitive impairment, lethargy, confusion, euphoria, den dizziness.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Serious side effects fi include hallucinations, hypotension, respiratory depression, den anaphylaxis. E fi lead to addiction, wey e get a potential for abuse.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use generally no be recommended togeda plus alcohol anaa opioids.<ref name=AHFS2019/> If de dose be rapidly decreased withdrawal fi occur.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Ein use during [[pregnancy]] anaa [[breastfeeding]] no be recommended.<ref name=Preg2019>{{cite web |title=Temazepam (Restoril) Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/temazepam.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Temazepam be a short-acting benzodiazepine den hypnotic.<ref name=AHFS2019/><ref name=Shell2015/> E dey work by affecting GABA within de brain.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Dem patent temazepam insyd 1962 wey e cam into medical use insyd 1969.<ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=537 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA537 }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication.<ref name=BNF76>{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=481|edition=76}}</ref> Insyd 2021, na e be de 208th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 2{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2021 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=14 January 2024 | archive-date=15 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115223848/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Temazepam - Drug Usage Statistics | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Temazepam | access-date = 14 January 2024}}</ref> ==Overdose== Overdosage of temazepam dey result in increasing CNS effects, wey dey include: * Somnolence (difficulty staying awake) * Mental confusion * Respiratory depression * Hypotension * Cyanosis * Impaired motor functions * Impaired or absent reflexes * Impaired coordination * Impaired balance * Dizziness, sedation * Coma * Death ===Street terms=== Street terms give temazepam dey include king kong pills (dem formerly refer to barbiturates, now more commonly dey refer to temazepam), jellies, jelly, Edinburgh {{Not a typo|eccies}}, tams, terms, {{Not a typo|mazzies}}, {{Not a typo|temazies}}, {{Not a typo|tammies}}, {{Not a typo|temmies}}, beans, eggs, green eggs, wobbly eggs, knockouts, hardball, {{Not a typo|norries}}, oranges (common term insyd [[Australia]] den New Zealand), rugby balls, {{Not a typo|ruggers}}, terminators, red and blue, no-gos, {{Not a typo|num nums}}, blackout, green devils, drunk pills, brainwash, mind erasers, {{Not a typo|neurotrashers}}, {{Not a typo|tem-tems}} (dem combine plus buprenorphine), mommy's big helper, vitamin T, big T, TZ, de {{Not a typo|mazepam}}, {{Not a typo|resties}} ([[North America]]) den odas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dan247.org.uk/Drug_Print.asp?Drug=Temazepam|title=DAN 24/7: Temazepam|website=www.dan247.org.uk|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-date=5 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705003249/http://www.dan247.org.uk/Drug_Print.asp?Drug=Temazepam|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Erowid Drug Street Terms |url=http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/slang/|work=Erowid}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/pim683.htm Temazepam | Inchem] [[Category:Benzodiazepines]] [[Category:Chloroarenes]] [[Category:Lactams]] [[Category:Lactims]] [[Category:Recreational drug metabolites]] [[Category:Human drug metabolites]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] c19sdjh8re2jq6jgetdimu8j33ti0ft 0 26985 98406 2026-05-23T14:13:18Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1496934|Gastroenteritis]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 98406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 98407 98406 2026-05-23T14:25:40Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gastroenteritis''', dem sanso know as '''infectious diarrhea''', be an inflammation of de gastrointestinal tract wey dey include de stomach den intestine.<ref name="Sch2015">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=978-1-107-03891-2|page=334|publisher=Cambridge University Press |edition=Second|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Symptoms fi include [[diarrhea]], [[vomiting]], den abdominal pain.<ref name="EBMED2010">{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=Amandeep|title=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice Acute Gastroenteritis — An Update|journal=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice|date=July 2010|volume=7|issue=7|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=229}}</ref> [[Fever]], lack of energy, den dehydration sanso fi occur.<ref name="Ci20132">{{cite journal |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=S |last2=Stolfi |first2=I |last3=Caramia |first3=G |date=29 October 2013 |title=Management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis. |journal=[[Infection and Drug Resistance]] |volume=6 |pages=133–61 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S12718 |pmc=3815002 |pmid=24194646 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Fer2015">{{cite book|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-08430-7|page=479|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Dis typically dey last less dan two weeks.<ref name=Sch2015/> Although e no be related to [[influenza]], insyd [[Canada]] den de [[United States]] e often be referred to as "'''stomach flu'''".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shors|first1=Teri|title=The microbial challenge: a public health perspective|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-1-4496-7333-8|page=457|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 1w0y5ycng5m5uxbykf7oyfsxqkwoj4s 98408 98407 2026-05-23T15:30:36Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gastroenteritis''', dem sanso know as '''infectious diarrhea''', be an inflammation of de gastrointestinal tract wey dey include de stomach den intestine.<ref name="Sch2015">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=978-1-107-03891-2|page=334|publisher=Cambridge University Press |edition=Second|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Symptoms fi include [[diarrhea]], [[vomiting]], den abdominal pain.<ref name="EBMED2010">{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=Amandeep|title=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice Acute Gastroenteritis — An Update|journal=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice|date=July 2010|volume=7|issue=7|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=229}}</ref> [[Fever]], lack of energy, den dehydration sanso fi occur.<ref name="Ci20132">{{cite journal |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=S |last2=Stolfi |first2=I |last3=Caramia |first3=G |date=29 October 2013 |title=Management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis. |journal=[[Infection and Drug Resistance]] |volume=6 |pages=133–61 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S12718 |pmc=3815002 |pmid=24194646 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Fer2015">{{cite book|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-08430-7|page=479|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Dis typically dey last less dan two weeks.<ref name=Sch2015/> Although e no be related to [[influenza]], insyd [[Canada]] den de [[United States]] e often be referred to as "'''stomach flu'''".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shors|first1=Teri|title=The microbial challenge: a public health perspective|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-1-4496-7333-8|page=457|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> For young kiddies insyd impoverished countries, prevention dey include hand washing plus soap, drinking clean water, [[breastfeeding]] babies instead of using formula,<ref name="Ci20132" /> den proper disposal of human waste. De rotavirus vaccine be recommended as a prevention give kiddies.<ref name="Ci20132" /><ref name="Rota2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD |date=February 2012 |title=2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1260248 |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=136–41 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70253-5 |pmid=22030330}}</ref> Treatment dey involve getting enough fluids.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For mild anaa moderate cases, dis typically fi be achieved by drinking oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts den sugar).<ref name="Ci20132" /> Insyd those wey be breastfed, continued breastfeeding be recommended.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For more severe cases, intravenous fluids fi be needed.<ref name="Ci20132" /> Fluids sanso fi be given by a nasogastric tube.<ref name="Webb2005">{{cite journal|last=Webb|first=A|author2=Starr, M|title=Acute gastroenteritis in children.|journal=Australian Family Physician|date=April 2005 |volume=34|issue=4|pages=227–31|pmid=15861741}}</ref> Zinc supplementation be recommended insyd kiddies.<ref name="Ci20132" /> Antibiotics be generally no be needed.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zollner-Schwetz |first1=I |last2=Krause |first2=R |date=August 2015 |title=Therapy of acute gastroenteritis: role of antibiotics. |journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=744–9 |doi=10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.002 |pmid=25769427 |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, antibiotics be recommended for young kiddies plus a fever den bloody diarrhea.<ref name=EBMED2010/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] fjubuzp3wwt7hrab2ljkpxr228kx607 98410 98408 2026-05-23T18:45:16Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gastroenteritis''', dem sanso know as '''infectious diarrhea''', be an inflammation of de gastrointestinal tract wey dey include de stomach den intestine.<ref name="Sch2015">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=978-1-107-03891-2|page=334|publisher=Cambridge University Press |edition=Second|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Symptoms fi include [[diarrhea]], [[vomiting]], den abdominal pain.<ref name="EBMED2010">{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=Amandeep|title=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice Acute Gastroenteritis — An Update|journal=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice|date=July 2010|volume=7|issue=7|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=229}}</ref> [[Fever]], lack of energy, den dehydration sanso fi occur.<ref name="Ci20132">{{cite journal |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=S |last2=Stolfi |first2=I |last3=Caramia |first3=G |date=29 October 2013 |title=Management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis. |journal=[[Infection and Drug Resistance]] |volume=6 |pages=133–61 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S12718 |pmc=3815002 |pmid=24194646 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Fer2015">{{cite book|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-08430-7|page=479|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Dis typically dey last less dan two weeks.<ref name=Sch2015/> Although e no be related to [[influenza]], insyd [[Canada]] den de [[United States]] e often be referred to as "'''stomach flu'''".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shors|first1=Teri|title=The microbial challenge: a public health perspective|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-1-4496-7333-8|page=457|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Gastroenteritis usually be caused by viruses;<ref name="Helm2006" /> however, gut bacteria, parasites, den fungi sanso fi cause gastroenteritis.<ref name="Ci20132" /><ref name="Helm2006">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC&pg=PA2003|title=Textbook of therapeutics: drug and disease management|last1=A. Helms|first1=Richard|date=2006|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-5734-8|edition=8|location=Philadelphia [u.a.]|page=2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC&pg=PA2003|archive-date=2017-09-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd kiddies, rotavirus be de most common cause of severe disease.<ref name="Rota2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD |title=2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=136–41 |date=February 2012 |pmid=22030330 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70253-5 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1260248 }}</ref> Insyd adults, [[norovirus]] den ''Campylobacter'' be common causes.<ref name="pmid21695033">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marshall JA, Bruggink LD |title=The dynamics of norovirus outbreak epidemics: recent insights |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=1141–9 |date=April 2011 |pmid=21695033 |pmc=3118882 |doi=10.3390/ijerph8041141|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="pmid22025030">{{cite journal |author=Man SM |title=The clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species |journal=Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=669–85 |date=December 2011 |pmid=22025030 |doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2011.191|s2cid=24103030 }}</ref> Dey chop improperly prepared chow, drinking contaminated water anaa close contact plus a person wey be infected fi [[#Transmission|spread de disease]].<ref name="Ci20132" /> Treatment be generally de same plus anaa widout a definitive diagnosis, so testing to confirm usually no be needed.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For young kiddies insyd impoverished countries, prevention dey include hand washing plus soap, drinking clean water, [[breastfeeding]] babies instead of using formula,<ref name="Ci20132" /> den proper disposal of human waste. De rotavirus vaccine be recommended as a prevention give kiddies.<ref name="Ci20132" /><ref name="Rota2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD |date=February 2012 |title=2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1260248 |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=136–41 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70253-5 |pmid=22030330}}</ref> Treatment dey involve getting enough fluids.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For mild anaa moderate cases, dis typically fi be achieved by drinking oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts den sugar).<ref name="Ci20132" /> Insyd those wey be breastfed, continued breastfeeding be recommended.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For more severe cases, intravenous fluids fi be needed.<ref name="Ci20132" /> Fluids sanso fi be given by a nasogastric tube.<ref name="Webb2005">{{cite journal|last=Webb|first=A|author2=Starr, M|title=Acute gastroenteritis in children.|journal=Australian Family Physician|date=April 2005 |volume=34|issue=4|pages=227–31|pmid=15861741}}</ref> Zinc supplementation be recommended insyd kiddies.<ref name="Ci20132" /> Antibiotics be generally no be needed.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zollner-Schwetz |first1=I |last2=Krause |first2=R |date=August 2015 |title=Therapy of acute gastroenteritis: role of antibiotics. |journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=744–9 |doi=10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.002 |pmid=25769427 |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, antibiotics be recommended for young kiddies plus a fever den bloody diarrhea.<ref name=EBMED2010/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] cnowcxu6ejgb9gccppkvnezz3549c5q 98411 98410 2026-05-23T18:54:24Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gastroenteritis''', dem sanso know as '''infectious diarrhea''', be an inflammation of de gastrointestinal tract wey dey include de stomach den intestine.<ref name="Sch2015">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=978-1-107-03891-2|page=334|publisher=Cambridge University Press |edition=Second|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Symptoms fi include [[diarrhea]], [[vomiting]], den abdominal pain.<ref name="EBMED2010">{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=Amandeep|title=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice Acute Gastroenteritis — An Update|journal=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice|date=July 2010|volume=7|issue=7|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=229}}</ref> [[Fever]], lack of energy, den dehydration sanso fi occur.<ref name="Ci20132">{{cite journal |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=S |last2=Stolfi |first2=I |last3=Caramia |first3=G |date=29 October 2013 |title=Management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis. |journal=[[Infection and Drug Resistance]] |volume=6 |pages=133–61 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S12718 |pmc=3815002 |pmid=24194646 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Fer2015">{{cite book|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-08430-7|page=479|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Dis typically dey last less dan two weeks.<ref name=Sch2015/> Although e no be related to [[influenza]], insyd [[Canada]] den de [[United States]] e often be referred to as "'''stomach flu'''".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shors|first1=Teri|title=The microbial challenge: a public health perspective|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-1-4496-7333-8|page=457|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Gastroenteritis usually be caused by viruses;<ref name="Helm2006" /> however, gut bacteria, parasites, den fungi sanso fi cause gastroenteritis.<ref name="Ci20132" /><ref name="Helm2006">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC&pg=PA2003|title=Textbook of therapeutics: drug and disease management|last1=A. Helms|first1=Richard|date=2006|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-5734-8|edition=8|location=Philadelphia [u.a.]|page=2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC&pg=PA2003|archive-date=2017-09-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd kiddies, rotavirus be de most common cause of severe disease.<ref name="Rota2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD |title=2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=136–41 |date=February 2012 |pmid=22030330 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70253-5 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1260248 }}</ref> Insyd adults, [[norovirus]] den ''Campylobacter'' be common causes.<ref name="pmid21695033">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marshall JA, Bruggink LD |title=The dynamics of norovirus outbreak epidemics: recent insights |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=1141–9 |date=April 2011 |pmid=21695033 |pmc=3118882 |doi=10.3390/ijerph8041141|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="pmid22025030">{{cite journal |author=Man SM |title=The clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species |journal=Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=669–85 |date=December 2011 |pmid=22025030 |doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2011.191|s2cid=24103030 }}</ref> Dey chop improperly prepared chow, drinking contaminated water anaa close contact plus a person wey be infected fi [[#Transmission|spread de disease]].<ref name="Ci20132" /> Treatment be generally de same plus anaa widout a definitive diagnosis, so testing to confirm usually no be needed.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For young kiddies insyd impoverished countries, prevention dey include hand washing plus soap, drinking clean water, [[breastfeeding]] babies instead of using formula,<ref name="Ci20132" /> den proper disposal of human waste. De rotavirus vaccine be recommended as a prevention give kiddies.<ref name="Ci20132" /><ref name="Rota2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD |date=February 2012 |title=2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1260248 |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=136–41 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70253-5 |pmid=22030330}}</ref> Treatment dey involve getting enough fluids.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For mild anaa moderate cases, dis typically fi be achieved by drinking oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts den sugar).<ref name="Ci20132" /> Insyd those wey be breastfed, continued breastfeeding be recommended.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For more severe cases, intravenous fluids fi be needed.<ref name="Ci20132" /> Fluids sanso fi be given by a nasogastric tube.<ref name="Webb2005">{{cite journal|last=Webb|first=A|author2=Starr, M|title=Acute gastroenteritis in children.|journal=Australian Family Physician|date=April 2005 |volume=34|issue=4|pages=227–31|pmid=15861741}}</ref> Zinc supplementation be recommended insyd kiddies.<ref name="Ci20132" /> Antibiotics be generally no be needed.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zollner-Schwetz |first1=I |last2=Krause |first2=R |date=August 2015 |title=Therapy of acute gastroenteritis: role of antibiotics. |journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=744–9 |doi=10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.002 |pmid=25769427 |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, antibiotics be recommended for young kiddies plus a fever den bloody diarrhea.<ref name=EBMED2010/> Insyd 2015, na der be two billion cases of gastroenteritis, wey dey result in 1.3&nbsp;million deaths globally.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators)) |title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators)) |title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref> Kiddies den those insyd de developing world be affected de most.<ref name="Web09">{{cite book|last=Webber|first=Roger|title=Communicable disease epidemiology and control: a global perspective|year=2009|publisher=Cabi|location=Wallingford, Oxfordshire|isbn=978-1-84593-504-7|page=79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ9fpHtvOGYC&pg=PA79|edition=3rd|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026161644/https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ9fpHtvOGYC&pg=PA79|archive-date=2015-10-26}}</ref> Insyd 2011, na der be about 1.7&nbsp;billion cases, wey dey result in about 700,000 deaths of kiddies under de age of five.<ref name="Walk2013">{{cite journal|last=Walker|first=CL|author2=Rudan, I |author3=Liu, L |author4=Nair, H |author5=Theodoratou, E |author6=Bhutta, ZA |author7=O'Brien, KL |author8=Campbell, H |author9= Black, RE |title=Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea.|journal=Lancet|date=Apr 20, 2013|volume=381|issue=9875|pages=1405–16|pmid=23582727|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60222-6|pmc=7159282}}</ref> Insyd de developing world, kiddies less dan two years of age frequently get six anaa more infections a year.<ref name="M93">{{cite book |chapter=Chapter 93 |editor1-last=Dolin |editor1-first=Raphael |editor2-last=Mandell |editor2-first=Gerald L. |editor3-last=Bennett |editor3-first=John E. |year=2010 |title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases|publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-443-06839-3|edition=7th}}</ref> E be less common insyd adults, partly secof de development of immunity.<ref name="Eck2011">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckardt AJ, Baumgart DC |title=Viral gastroenteritis in adults |journal=Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=54–63 |date=January 2011 |pmid=21210762 |doi=10.2174/157489111794407877}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 2l2u7617omrfh6l3goe20iw7kxtarrz 98412 98411 2026-05-23T19:00:04Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gastroenteritis''', dem sanso know as '''infectious diarrhea''', be an inflammation of de gastrointestinal tract wey dey include de stomach den intestine.<ref name="Sch2015">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=978-1-107-03891-2|page=334|publisher=Cambridge University Press |edition=Second|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Symptoms fi include [[diarrhea]], [[vomiting]], den abdominal pain.<ref name="EBMED2010">{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=Amandeep|title=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice Acute Gastroenteritis — An Update|journal=Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice|date=July 2010|volume=7|issue=7|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=229}}</ref> [[Fever]], lack of energy, den dehydration sanso fi occur.<ref name="Ci20132">{{cite journal |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=S |last2=Stolfi |first2=I |last3=Caramia |first3=G |date=29 October 2013 |title=Management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis. |journal=[[Infection and Drug Resistance]] |volume=6 |pages=133–61 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S12718 |pmc=3815002 |pmid=24194646 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Fer2015">{{cite book|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-08430-7|page=479|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA479|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Dis typically dey last less dan two weeks.<ref name=Sch2015/> Although e no be related to [[influenza]], insyd [[Canada]] den de [[United States]] e often be referred to as "'''stomach flu'''".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shors|first1=Teri|title=The microbial challenge: a public health perspective|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-1-4496-7333-8|page=457|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=TDcvAqyx7AIC&pg=PA457|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Gastroenteritis usually be caused by viruses;<ref name="Helm2006" /> however, gut bacteria, parasites, den fungi sanso fi cause gastroenteritis.<ref name="Ci20132" /><ref name="Helm2006">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC&pg=PA2003|title=Textbook of therapeutics: drug and disease management|last1=A. Helms|first1=Richard|date=2006|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-5734-8|edition=8|location=Philadelphia [u.a.]|page=2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184604/https://books.google.com/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC&pg=PA2003|archive-date=2017-09-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd kiddies, rotavirus be de most common cause of severe disease.<ref name="Rota2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD |title=2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=136–41 |date=February 2012 |pmid=22030330 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70253-5 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1260248 }}</ref> Insyd adults, [[norovirus]] den ''Campylobacter'' be common causes.<ref name="pmid21695033">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marshall JA, Bruggink LD |title=The dynamics of norovirus outbreak epidemics: recent insights |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=1141–9 |date=April 2011 |pmid=21695033 |pmc=3118882 |doi=10.3390/ijerph8041141|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="pmid22025030">{{cite journal |author=Man SM |title=The clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species |journal=Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=669–85 |date=December 2011 |pmid=22025030 |doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2011.191|s2cid=24103030 }}</ref> Dey chop improperly prepared chow, drinking contaminated water anaa close contact plus a person wey be infected fi [[#Transmission|spread de disease]].<ref name="Ci20132" /> Treatment be generally de same plus anaa widout a definitive diagnosis, so testing to confirm usually no be needed.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For young kiddies insyd impoverished countries, prevention dey include hand washing plus soap, drinking clean water, [[breastfeeding]] babies instead of using formula,<ref name="Ci20132" /> den proper disposal of human waste. De rotavirus vaccine be recommended as a prevention give kiddies.<ref name="Ci20132" /><ref name="Rota2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD |date=February 2012 |title=2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1260248 |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=136–41 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70253-5 |pmid=22030330}}</ref> Treatment dey involve getting enough fluids.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For mild anaa moderate cases, dis typically fi be achieved by drinking oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts den sugar).<ref name="Ci20132" /> Insyd those wey be breastfed, continued breastfeeding be recommended.<ref name="Ci20132" /> For more severe cases, intravenous fluids fi be needed.<ref name="Ci20132" /> Fluids sanso fi be given by a nasogastric tube.<ref name="Webb2005">{{cite journal|last=Webb|first=A|author2=Starr, M|title=Acute gastroenteritis in children.|journal=Australian Family Physician|date=April 2005 |volume=34|issue=4|pages=227–31|pmid=15861741}}</ref> Zinc supplementation be recommended insyd kiddies.<ref name="Ci20132" /> Antibiotics be generally no be needed.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zollner-Schwetz |first1=I |last2=Krause |first2=R |date=August 2015 |title=Therapy of acute gastroenteritis: role of antibiotics. |journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=744–9 |doi=10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.002 |pmid=25769427 |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, antibiotics be recommended for young kiddies plus a fever den bloody diarrhea.<ref name=EBMED2010/> Insyd 2015, na der be two billion cases of gastroenteritis, wey dey result in 1.3&nbsp;million deaths globally.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators)) |title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators)) |title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref> Kiddies den those insyd de developing world be affected de most.<ref name="Web09">{{cite book|last=Webber|first=Roger|title=Communicable disease epidemiology and control: a global perspective|year=2009|publisher=Cabi|location=Wallingford, Oxfordshire|isbn=978-1-84593-504-7|page=79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ9fpHtvOGYC&pg=PA79|edition=3rd|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026161644/https://books.google.com/books?id=pZ9fpHtvOGYC&pg=PA79|archive-date=2015-10-26}}</ref> Insyd 2011, na der be about 1.7&nbsp;billion cases, wey dey result in about 700,000 deaths of kiddies under de age of five.<ref name="Walk2013">{{cite journal|last=Walker|first=CL|author2=Rudan, I |author3=Liu, L |author4=Nair, H |author5=Theodoratou, E |author6=Bhutta, ZA |author7=O'Brien, KL |author8=Campbell, H |author9= Black, RE |title=Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea.|journal=Lancet|date=Apr 20, 2013|volume=381|issue=9875|pages=1405–16|pmid=23582727|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60222-6|pmc=7159282}}</ref> Insyd de developing world, kiddies less dan two years of age frequently get six anaa more infections a year.<ref name="M93">{{cite book |chapter=Chapter 93 |editor1-last=Dolin |editor1-first=Raphael |editor2-last=Mandell |editor2-first=Gerald L. |editor3-last=Bennett |editor3-first=John E. |year=2010 |title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases|publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-443-06839-3|edition=7th}}</ref> E be less common insyd adults, partly secof de development of immunity.<ref name="Eck2011">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckardt AJ, Baumgart DC |title=Viral gastroenteritis in adults |journal=Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=54–63 |date=January 2011 |pmid=21210762 |doi=10.2174/157489111794407877}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons}} * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK63841/ Diarrhoea and Vomiting Caused by Gastroenteritis: Diagnosis, Assessment and Management in Children Younger than 5 Years] – NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 84. * {{cite web | url = https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine | work = MedlinePlus | title = Gastroenteritis }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Pediatrics]] [[Category:Foodborne illnesses]] [[Category:Infectious diseases]] [[Category:Abdominal pain]] [[Category:Conditions dem diagnose by stool test]] [[Category:Noninfective enteritis den colitis]] [[Category:Diarrhea]] [[Category:Sanitation]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r9e47bqbjc5veyuwl35bsjjy3srw3va 3 26986 98414 2026-05-23T23:11:04Z DaSupremo 9 /* Translations */ new section 98414 wikitext text/x-wiki == Translations == Hello @[[User:Tachio lydiana|Tachio lydiana]], I noticed you changed certain words in [[Ahmadu Bello University|Ahmadu Bello University.]] I would like to draw your attention that this is Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia and we have different spellings for certain words to make it distinct from English. I have undone the changes you made so kindly take note. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 23:11, 23 May 2026 (GMT) l82blwwwxomj6dvjvcj43zdxn5bs6ik 0 26987 98415 2026-05-24T11:15:05Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1459203|Appendicitis]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 98415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 98421 98415 2026-05-24T11:40:23Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Appendicitis''' be [[inflammation]] of de [[Appendix (anatomy)|appendix]].<ref name=Graf1996/> Symptoms commonly dey include right lower [[abdominal pain]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[fever]] den [[anorexia (symptom)|decreased appetite]].<ref name=Graf1996/> However, approximately 40% of people no get dese typical symptoms.<ref name=Graf1996>{{cite journal | vauthors = Graffeo CS, Counselman FL | title = Appendicitis | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | pages = 653–671 | date = November 1996 | pmid = 8921763 | doi = 10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70273-x }}</ref> Severe complications of a ruptured appendix dey include widespread, painful [[peritonitis|inflammation of de inner lining of de abdominal wall]] den [[sepsis]].<ref name="Hob19982">{{Cite journal |last=Hobler |first=K. |date=Spring 1998 |title=Acute and Suppurative Appendicitis: Disease Duration and its Implications for Quality Improvement |url=http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/files/Spring1998/appendicitis.pdf |journal=Permanente Medical Journal |volume=2 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306021312/https://www.thepermanentejournal.org/files/Spring1998/appendicitis.pdf |archive-date=2021-03-06 |access-date=2016-10-26}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 0bfig3gk56oxxm09qeer3cqnylpji78