Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1569 98689 87419 2026-05-28T18:09:56Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 98689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q1007}} '''Guinea-Bissau''' (/ˌɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ/ ^ⓘ ''GHIN-ee bi-SOW''; Portuguese: ''Guiné-Bissau''; Fula: 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, <small>romanized:</small> ''Gine-Bisaawo''; Mandinka: ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ ''Gine-Bisawo''), for paper top be de '''Republic of Guinea-Bissau''' (Portuguese: ''República da Guiné-Bissau'' [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ ðɐ ɣiˈnɛ βiˈsaw]), be country for [[West Africa]] wey dey cover 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi), wey e get population dem estimate of 2,026,778. E dey border be [[Senegal]] to de north den [[Guinea]] to de southeast.<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guineabissau/overview "Overview"]. ''World Bank''. Retrieved 26 January 2021.</ref> Na Guinea-Bissau once be part of de kingdom of Kaabu,<ref name=":0" /> den de Mali Empire.<ref name=":0" /> Parts of dis kingdom persist til de 18th century, while na few odas dey under de Portuguese Empire dema rule since de 16th century. For de 19th century insyd, na Portuguese Guinea colonise am.<ref name=":0">[https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/guinea_bissau.htm "Guinea-Bissau – Country Profile – Nations Online Project"]. ''www.nationsonline.org''. Retrieved 26 January 2021.</ref> Na Portuguese control be restricted den weak til de early 20th century plus de pacification campaigns, dis campaigns solidify Portuguese sovereignty for de area insyd. De final Portuguese victory ova de bastion of mainland resistance wey remain, de Papel rule Kingdom of Bissau for 1915 insyd by de Portuguese military officer Teixeira Pinto, wey he recruit Wolof mercenary Abdul Injai na be de event make dem solidify mainland control.<ref>Bowman, Joye L. (22 January 2009). "Abdul Njai: Ally and Enemy of the Portuguese in Guinea-Bissau, 1895–1919". ''The Journal of African History''. '''27''' (3): 463–479. doi:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700023276|10.1017/S0021853700023276]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162344466 162344466].</ref> Na dem conquer de Bissagos, islands off de coast of Guinea-Bissau, for 1936 insyd, wey ensure Portuguese control of both de mainland den islands for de region.<ref>Corbin, Amy; Tindall, Ashley. [https://sacredland.org/bijagos-archipelago-guinea-bissau/ "Bijagós Archipelago"]. ''Sacred Land Film Project''. Retrieved 2 November 2022.</ref> Upon independence, dem declare for 1973 insyd wey dem recognise for 1974 insyd, dem add Bissau, to de country ein name so say e go prevent confusion plus Guinea (formerly French Guinea). Guinea-Bissau get history of political instability since independence, den one presido per dem elect (José Mário Vaz) successfully serve full five-year term.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Guinea-Bissau "Guinea-Bissau | History, Map, Flag, Population, Capital, Language, & Facts | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.</ref> De current presido be Umaro Sissoco Embaló, wey dem elect for 29 December 2019.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220103024950/https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/02/1057441 "Guinea-Bissau: Swearing-in of new President unlikely to bring stability, says UN representative"]. ''UN News''. 14 February 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</ref> About 2% per of de population dey speak Portuguese, de official language, as first language, den 33% speak am as second language. Howeva, Guinea-Bissau Creole, Portuguese-based creole, be de national language wey dem san so consider am de language of unity. According to 2012 study, 54% of de population dey speak Creole as first language wey about 40% dey speak am as second language.<ref>Handem, Myrna (2015). ''Portuguese, Creole, or Both: The Problematic of Language Choice in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. The Social, Political and Economic Implications of Language Choice'' (Ph. D. thesis). Howard University.</ref> De remainder dey speak variety of native African languages. De nation be home give chaw followers of [[Islam]], Christianity den traditional faiths, though no single religious group dey represent majority of de population.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201022205949/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_pu.html "Africa: Guinea-Bissau"]. ''The World Factbook''. Central Intelligence Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201022205949/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_pu.html Archived] from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2010/04/15/religious-affiliation-islam-and-christianity-in-sub-saharan-africa/ "Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation"]. Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa (Report). Pew Research Center. 15 April 2010.</ref> De country ein per-capita gross domestic product be one of de lowest for de world insyd. Guinea-Bissau be member of de United Nations, [[African Union]], [[ECOWAS|Economic Community of West African States]], Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, den de South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, wey na e be member of de now-defunct Latin Union. ==History== === Pre-European contact === ==== Kingdom of Bissau ==== ==== Biafada kingdoms ==== ==== De Bijagos ==== ==== Kaabu ==== [[File:African slave trade.png|thumbnail|300px|States insyd medieval Africa]] === European contact === [[File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea.svg|thumb|Lesser coat of arms of Portuguese Guinea-Bissau]] ==== 15th–16th centuries ==== ==== 17th–18th centuries ==== [[File:Flag of the Casa da Guiné.svg|thumb|left|Flag of de Portuguese Company of Guinea]] ==== Slave trade ==== ===Colonialism=== [[File:Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png|thumb|300px|Comparison of Africa in the years 1880 and 1913]] ===Struggle for independence=== [[File:LG&CD - Guine Barro Jagudis 11.jpg|thumb|Portuguese Colonial War insyd Portuguese Guinea, 1968]] [[File:Portugal Colonial War 1970.jpg|thumb|Portuguese-held (green), disputed (yellow) den rebel-held areas (red) insyd Portuguese-Guinea den oda colonies 1970]] === Independence (1973–2000) === [[File:Hastear da bandeira da Guiné Bissau após o arrear da de Portugal.jpg|thumb|PAIGC forces raise de flag of Guinea-Bissau insyd 1974.]] ===21st century=== [[File:Putin-Embalo meeting (2022-10-25) 02.jpg|thumb|Guinea-Bissau Presido Umaro Sissoco Embaló plus Russian Presido Vladimir Putin insyd Moscow, Russia, 25 October 2022]] ==Politics== [[File:Palácio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_(2).jpg|thumb|De Presidential Palace of Guinea-Bissau]] [[File:Fernanda_Nossa,_Guinea-Bissau,_photo_3.jpg|thumb|right|Public Order Police officer during a parade insyd Guinea-Bissau]] ===Foreign relations=== Guinea-Bissau be founding member state of de Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), dem sanso know am as de Lusophone Commonwealth, an international organisation den political association of Lusophone nations wer Portuguese be official language.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220627025943/https://www.cplp.org/id-2752.aspx "CPLP – Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa – Histórico – Como surgiu?"]. ''www.cplp.org''. Retrieved 26 January 2021.</ref> ===Military=== A 2019 estimate put de size of de Guinea-Bissau Armed Forces at around 4,400 personnel den military spending be less dan 2% of GDP.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210110022253/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/#people-and-society "Guinea Bissau"]. ''The World Factbook''. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 14 June 2021.</ref> Insyd 2018, Guinea-Bissau sign de UN treaty for de Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons top.<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"]. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017.</ref> Guinea-Bissau be de 85th most peaceful country insyd de world, according to de 2024 Global Peace Index.<ref>[https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf "2024 Global Peace Index"] (PDF).</ref> ===Administrative divisions=== Dem divide Guinea-Bissau into eight regions (''regiões'') den one autonomous sector (''sector autónomo'').<ref>[https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/guinea-bissau-administrative-map.htm "Administrative Map of Guinea-Bissau 1200 pixel – Nations Online Project"]. ''www.nationsonline.org''. Retrieved 26 January 2021.</ref> Dese, in turn, be subdivided into 37 Sectors.<ref name="WorldAtlas">[https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissau Maps & Facts"]. ''WorldAtlas''. Retrieved 26 January 2021.</ref> De regions be:<ref name="WorldAtlas"/> * Bafatá * Biombo * Bissau * Bolama * Cacheu * Gabu * Oio * Quinara * Tombali ==Geography== [[File:Lagoa_com_hipopótamos_01.jpg|thumb|230px|Rare salt water hippopotamuses for Orango Island]] [[File:CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg|thumb|230px|Caravela, Bissagos Islands]] [[File:20130611-DSC 9018 (9290631541) (2).jpg|thumb|230px|Typical scenery insyd Guinea-Bissau]] ===Climate=== Guinea-Bissau be warm all year round plus mild temperature fluctuations; e dey average 26.3 °C (79.3 °F). De average rainfall for Bissau be 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in), although dis be almost entirely dem account for during de rainy season wich dey fall between June den September/October. From December thru April, de country dey experience drought.<ref>[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Guinea-Bissau-CLIMATE.html#b Guinea-Bissau Climate] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130509093130/http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Guinea-Bissau-CLIMATE.html#b#b Archived] 9 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Nationsencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 22 June 2013.</ref> [[File:Climate diagram of Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.svg|centre|600px]] ===Environmental problems=== Severe environmental problems dey include deforestation, soil erosion, overgrazing, den overfishing.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html "Guinea-Bissau"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20101228200903/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html# Archived] 28 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine, ''CIA the World Factbook'', Cia.gov. Retrieved 5 February 2012.</ref> Guinea-Bissau get 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.7/10, wey dey rank am 97th globally out of 172 countries.<ref>Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material"]. ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatCo..11.5978G 2020NatCo..11.5978G]. doi:[[doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3]]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723 2041-1723]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 7723057]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33293507 33293507].</ref> ===Wildlife=== ==Economy== [[File:Guinea-Bissau Product Exports (2019).svg|upright=1.3|thumb|left|Proportional representation of Guinea-Bissau exports, 2019]] [[File:Banco Centra Da Guine Bissau.JPG|thumb|left|Seat of de Central Bank of Guinea-Bissau]] [[File:Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos,_Guin%C3%A9_(1).jpg|thumb|left|Petrol station insyd São Domingos]] ==Society== ===Demographics=== According to de 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects, na Guinea-Bissau ein population be 2,060,721 insyd 2021, compare to 518,000 insyd 1950. Na de proportion of de population below de age of 15 insyd 2010 be 41.3%, na 55.4% be aged between 15 den 65 years of age, while na 3.3% be aged 65 years anaa older.<ref name="WPP 2010">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision"]. Esa.un.org. Archived from [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm the original] on 6 May 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2017.</ref> ===Ethnic groups=== [[File:Geographic location of Guinea-Bissau and present-day settlement pattern of the ethnic groups.jpg|thumb|330px|Guinea-Bissau present-day settlement pattern of de ethnic groups]] De population of Guinea-Bissau be ethnically diverse wey e get distinct languages, customs, den social structures.<ref name=":1">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/guineabissau/31802.htm "Guinea-Bissau (09/03)"]. ''U.S. Department of State''. Retrieved 26 January 2021.</ref> Dem fi divide Bissau-Guineans into de ethnic groups wey dey follow:<ref name=":1" /> *[[Fula people|Fula]] den de Mandinka-speaking people, wey dey constitute de largest portion of de population wey dem be concentrated insyd de north den northeast;<ref name=":1" /> *Balanta den Papel people, wey dey live insyd de southern coastal regions;<ref name=":1" /> den *Manjaco den Mancanha, wey dey occupy de central den northern coastal areas.<ref name=":1" /> Chaw of de remainder be ''mestiços'' of mixed Portuguese den African descent.<ref name="cciei.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210131073951/http://cciei.org/new-guinebissaurepublic-com/history-geography/ "History & Geography – GUINEA BISSAU REPUBLIC"]. Archived from [http://cciei.org/new-guinebissaurepublic-com/history-geography/ the original] on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.</ref><ref>Berlin, Ira (1 April 1996). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2947401 "From Creole to African"]. ''William and Mary Quarterly''. '''53''' (2): 266. doi:[[doi:10.2307/2947401|10.2307/2947401]]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2947401 2947401]. Retrieved 6 June 2022.</ref> Portuguese natives be very small percentage of Bissau-Guineans.<ref name="cciei.org"/> After Guinea-Bissau gain independence, chaw of de Portuguese nationals lef de country. De country get tiny [[overseas Chinese|Chinese]] population.<ref>[http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/focac/183519.htm China-Guinea-Bissau] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121011061702/http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/focac/183519.htm# Archived] 11 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. China.org.cn. Retrieved 22 June 2013.</ref> Dese dey include traders den merchants of mixed Portuguese den Cantonese ancestry from de former Asian Portuguese colony of Macau.<ref name="cciei.org"/> ===Major cities=== Main cities in Guinea-Bissau dey include:<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/GuineaBissau.html "Guinea-Bissau: Regions, Cities & Urban Localities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts"]. ''citypopulation.de''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171202053028/http://www.citypopulation.de/GuineaBissau.html Archived] from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2" | Rank !! rowspan="2" | City !! colspan="2" | Population |- !2015 estimate !! Region |- |align=right | 1 || Bissau || align="right" | 492,004 || Bissau |- |align=right | 2 || Gabú || align="right" | 48,670 || Gabú |- |align=right | 3 || Bafatá || align="right" | 37,985 || Bafatá |- |align=right | 4 || Bissorã || align="right" | 29,468 || Oio |- |align=right | 5 || Bolama || align="right" | 16,216 || Bolama |- |align=right | 6 || Cacheu || align="right" | 14,320 || Cacheu |- |align=right | 7 || Bubaque || align="right" | 12,922 || Bolama |- |align=right | 8 || Catió|| align="right" | 11,498 || Tombali |- |align=right | 9 || Mansôa || align="right" | 9,198 || Oio |- |align=right | 10 || Buba || align="right" | 8,993 || Quinara |} ===Languages=== ===Religion=== [[File:Bafata1.jpg|thumb|Men insyd Islamic garb, Bafatá, Guinea-Bissau]] ===Health=== ===Education=== ===Conflicts=== Usually, de chaw different ethnic groups insyd Guinea-Bissau coexist peacefully, buh wen conflicts do erupt, dem dey tend to revolve around access to land.<ref>Armando Mussa Sani; Jasmina Barckhausen (23 June 2017). [https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/guinea-bissau-must-finally-apply-its-land-law-order-resolve-conflicts "Theatre sheds light on conflicts"]. D+C, development and cooperation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170815183225/https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/guinea-bissau-must-finally-apply-its-land-law-order-resolve-conflicts Archived] from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.</ref> ==Culture== <gallery widths="200" heights="200"> File:Gabumainstreet.jpg|Gabú be Guinea-Bissau ein second largest city File:Porto_de_Bissau_02,_container_ship_Windhoek.jpg|Port of Bissau File:Guinea-bissau 20130609-DSC 8955-2.jpg|Bridge insyd São Vicente, Cacheu File:Hotel_Ecolodge_Ponta_Anchaca_02.jpg|Hotels at Bissagos Islands File:Guinea-bissau-bissau-1.jpg|Carnival insyd Bissau File:Manecas Costa3.jpg|National singer Manecas Costa </gallery> ===Media=== ===Music=== ===Cuisine=== Common dishes dey include soups den stews. Common ingredients dey include yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato, den plantain. Spices, peppers, den chilis be used insyd cooking, wey dey include ''Aframomum melegueta'' seeds (Guinea pepper).<ref>[https://www.slowfood.com/eat-locally-in-guinea-bissau/ "Eat locally in Guinea Bissau"]. ''Slow Food International''. 25 July 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2022.</ref> ===Film=== Flora Gomes be internationally renowned film director; ein most famous film be ''Nha Fala'' (English: My Voice).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130208110801/http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/Nha%20Fala.htm "Nha Fala/My Voice"]. ''spot.pcc.edu''. 2002. Archived from [http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/Nha%20Fala.htm the original] on 8 February 2013.</ref> Na Gomes ein ''Mortu Nega'' (''Death Denied'') (1988)<ref>[http://newsreel.org/nav/title.asp?tc=CN0061 ''Mortu Nega''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218194148/http://newsreel.org/nav/title.asp?tc=CN0061# Archived] 18 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. California Newsreel. Newsreel.org. Retrieved 22 June 2013.</ref> be de first fiction film den de second feature film dem ever make insyd Guinea-Bissau. (Na de first feature film be ''N’tturudu'', by director Umban u’Kest insyd 1987.) For FESPACO 1989, ''Mortu Nega'' win de prestigious Oumarou Ganda Prize. Insyd 1992, Gomes direct ''Udju Azul di Yonta'',<ref>[http://newsreel.org/nav/title.asp?tc=CN0099 ''Udju Azul di Yonta''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090705080524/http://www.newsreel.org/nav/title.asp?tc=CN0099# Archived] 5 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine. California Newsreel. Newsreel.org. Retrieved 22 June 2013.</ref> wich na dem screen insyd de Un Certain Regard section at de 1992 Cannes Film Festival.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141020080938/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/68/year/1992.html "Festival de Cannes: Udju Azul di Yonta"]. ''Festival de Cannes''. Archived from [http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/68/year/1992.html the original] on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2009.</ref> Na Gomes sanso serve for de boards of chaw Africa-centric film festivals top.<ref>[http://www.watsoninstitute.org/events_detail.cfm?id=1018 Flora Gomes The Two Faces of War: National Liberation in Guinea-Bissau] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130208112451/http://www.watsoninstitute.org/events_detail.cfm?id=1018# Archived] 8 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Watsoninstitute.org (25 October 2007). Retrieved 22 June 2013.</ref> Na dem born de actress Babetida Sadjo insyd Bafatá, Guinea-Bissau.<ref>de Lamalle, Patrick (19 October 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210309001139/https://www.rtbf.be/culture/dossier/tout-le-baz-art/detail%20babetida-sadjo-est-ce-que-vous-l-avez-vu?id=10050887 "Babetida Sadjo, est-ce que vous l'avez vu ?"]. ''RTBF'' (insyd French). Archived from [https://www.rtbf.be/culture/dossier/tout-le-baz-art/detail%20babetida-sadjo-est-ce-que-vous-l-avez-vu?id=10050887 the original] on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2019.</ref> ===Sports=== Football be de most popular sport insyd Guinea-Bissau. De Guinea-Bissau national football team dey under de authority of de Federação de Futebol da Guiné-Bissau. Dem be member of de Confederation of African Football (CAF) den FIFA.<ref>[https://www.fifa.com/en/articles/caf-qualifying-draw-made-for-world-cup-26 "CAF qualifying draw made for FIFA World Cup 26™"]. ''FIFA''. 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2024.</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Guinea-Bissau]] [[Category:Economic Community of West African States]] [[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]] [[Category:Member states of de African Union]] [[Category:Member states of de United Nations]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:States den territories dem establish insyd 1974]] [[Category:West African countries]] [[Category:1974 establishments insyd Guinea-Bissau]] [[Category:Countries for Africa insyd]] [[Category:Pages plus maps]] [[Category:Member states of de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:Member states of de Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]] === Sources === * Barry, Boubacar (1998). ''Senegambia and the Atlantic slave trade''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. * Clarence-Smith, W. G. (1975). ''The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825-1975''. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. * Hair, P.E.H. (22 January 2009). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/179482.pdf "Ethnolinguistic Continuity on the Guinea Coast"] (PDF). ''The Journal of African History''. '''8''' (2): 247–268. doi:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700007040|10.1017/S0021853700007040]]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/179482 179482]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161528479 161528479] – via JSTOR. * Niane, Djibril Tamsir (1989). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pHCgAnkySJwC&q=Kikikor Histoire des Mandingues de l'Ouest: le royaume du Gabou]''. Paris, France: Karthala. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9782865372362|9782865372362]]</bdi>. Retrieved 2 August 2023. * Ogilby, John (1670). ''[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A70735.0001.001/1:8?rgn=div1;view=toc Africa: being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid, the land of Negroes, Guinee, Aethiopia, and the Abyssines, with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto: with the several denominations of their coasts, harbors, creeks, rivers, lakes, cities, towns, castles, and villages: their customs, modes, and manners, languages, religions, and inexhaustible treasure: with their governments and policy, variety of trade and barter, and also of their wonderful plants, beasts, birds, and serpents]''. London: Printed by Tho. Johnson for the author. Retrieved 25 November 2022 – via Early English Books. ; Attribution Dis article dey incorporate public domain material from ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210104183935/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/ The World Factbook]''. CIA == Read further == * Abdel Malek, K.,"Le processus d'accès à l'indépendance de la Guinée-Bissau", ''Bulletin de l'Association des Anciens Elèves de l'Institut National de Langues et de Cultures Orientales'', No. 1, April 1998. pp.&nbsp;53–60 * Forrest, Joshua B., ''Lineages of State Fragility. Rural Civil Society in Guinea-Bissau'' (Ohio University Press/James Currey Ltd., 2003) * Galli, Rosemary E, ''Guinea Bissau: Politics, Economics and Society'', Pinter Pub Ltd., 1987 * Lobban, Richard Andrew Jr., and Mendy, Peter Karibe, ''Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau'', third edition (Scarecrow Press, 1997) * Vigh, Henrik, ''Navigating Terrains of War: Youth And Soldiering in Guinea-Bissau'', Berghahn Books, 2006 == External links == '''Guinea-Bissau''' at Wikipedia ein sister projects * [[wiktionary:Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau|Definitions]] from Wiktionary * [[commons:Guiné-Bissau|Media]] from Commons * [[wikinews:Category:Guinea-Bissau|News]] from Wikinews * [[wikiquote:Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau|Quotations]] from Wikiquote * [[wikisource:Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau|Texts]] from Wikisource * [[wikibooks:Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau|Textbooks]] from Wikibooks * [[wikiversity:Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau|Resources]] from Wikiversity * [[wikivoyage:Guinea-Bissau|Travel information]] from Wikivoyage * [https://gb1.cc/ Exploring the Challenges and Richness of Guinea-Bissau: A Small West African Nation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230725090025/https://gb1.cc/ Archived] 25 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine from ''GB1'' * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1043287.stm Country Profile] from BBC News * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210110022253/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/ Guinea-Bissau]. ''The World Factbook''. Central Intelligence Agency. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080607084923/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/guineabissau.htm Guinea-Bissau] from UCB Libraries GovPubs * [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/248853/Guinea-Bissau/ Guinea-Bissau] at de ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' * [[commons:Atlas_of_Guinea-Bissau|Wikimedia Atlas of Guinea-Bissau]] * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=GW Key Development Forecasts for Guinea-Bissau] from International Futures '''Government''' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241005101432/https://www.gov.gw/ Official website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110725192938/http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/Guinea-Bissau%20Constitution.pdf Constitution of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau] * [http://portuguese-american-journal.com/guinea-bissau-prime-ministers-fate-unknow-after-apparent-military-coup-west-africa/ Guinea-Bissau: Prime Minister's fate unknown after apparent military coup – West Africa] – Portuguese American Journal * [http://www.hnkcnews.com/2014/04/12/guinea-bissau-holds-first-post-coup-election/ Guinea-Bissau Holds First Post-Coup Election] '''Trade''' * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/GNB/Year/2005/Summary Guinea-Bissau 2005 Summary Trade Statistics] '''News media''' * [http://allafrica.com/guineabissau/ news headline links] from AllAfrica.com '''Tourism''' * Guinea-Bissau Turismo – [http://www.gbissau.org/wp2013/en/ambients/rios-and-lagoons/ RIOS AND LAGOONS] '''Health''' * The State of the World's Midwifery – [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_GuineaBissau_SoWMy_Profile.pdf Guinea-Bissau Country Profile] '''GIS information''' * [http://www.luisfilipemarques.com/site/master-thesis/ Master Thesis] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150804204354/http://www.luisfilipemarques.com/site/master-thesis/ Archived] 4 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine about the developing [http://www.luisfilipemarques.com/site/management-and-integration-of-gi/ Geographical Information for Guinea-Bissau] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150802002536/http://www.luisfilipemarques.com/site/management-and-integration-of-gi/ Archived] 2 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine) l7jfgcrw98whi48jpwzzauzz32eev0q 0 7777 98829 47943 2026-05-29T04:13:20Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 98829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nantenin Keïta''' (born 5 November 1984, insyd Bamako) be French athlete wey dey compete mainly insyd Paralympic category T13 sprint events. She be de daughter of de Malian musician Salif Keita<ref>[http://www.leparisien.fr/loisirs-et-spectacles/quatre-filles-handicapees-en-or-20-11-2008-315315.php "Quatre filles handicapées en or"]. ''Le Parisien'' (insyd French). 20 November 2008.</ref> den thus direct descendant of de founder of de Mali Empire, Sundiata Keita.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130330090516/http://www.leparisien.fr/diaporama-photos/index.php?id=&photo=1&chaine=par:www&pub=16806&rub= "Nantenin Keïta, la fille du musicien malien Salif Keïta, a terminé troisième du 100 m (cat T13, malvoyant)"]. ''Le Parisien''. 17 August 2024. Archived from [http://www.leparisien.fr/diaporama-photos/index.php?id=&photo=1&chaine=par:www&pub=16806&rub= the original] on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2024.</ref> Like ein poppie, na dem born am plus albinism, wey she be visually impaired. == Competition == She compete insyd de 2008 Summer Paralympics insyd Beijing, China. Der she win silver medal insyd de women's 200 metre T13 event; she win bronze medal insyd de women's 400 metre T13; she fini fourth insyd de women's 100 metre T13; wey she fini fourth insyd de women's long jump F13. She sanso take bronze insyd de 2012 Summer Paralympics (London) 100 metre T13.<ref>Malijet [https://web.archive.org/web/20241127104257/http://www.malijet.com/actualite_sportive_au_mali/51385-paralympique-r%C3%A9serv%C3%A9e-aux-malvoyants-%3A-nantenin-k%C3%A9%C3%AFta,-la-fille-.html Paralympique réservée aux malvoyants: Nantenin Kéïta, la fille du chanteur Salif Kéïta, s'adjuge le bronze sur le 100 m] 2012</ref> Insyd de 2014 IPC Athletics European Championships insyd Swansea, she win de gold medal insyd de women's 400 metre T13. De next year she follow ein European success plus two medals for de 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships insyd Doha. She win silver insyd de T13 100m wey she take gold insyd de 400m make she add de world title to ein accolades. For de 2016 IPC Athletics European Championships she successfully defend ein 400m title wey she add de 100m title too. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.paralympic.org/nantenin-keita Nantenin Keïta] at de International Paralympic Committee * [https://web.archive.org/web/1/http://ipc.infostradasports.com/asp/lib/TheASP.asp?pageid=8937&sportid=-1&personid=687318&WinterGames=-1 Nantenin Keïta] at IPC.InfostradaSports.com (archived) * [https://www.equipedefrance.com/athlete/nantenin-keita Nantenin Keïta] at ''Équipe de France'' (insyd French) * [https://france-paralympique.fr/paralympiens/nantenin-keita/ Nantenin Keïta] at ''France Paralympique'' (insyd French) [[Category:Human]] [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:French female sprinters]] [[Category:Paralympic athletes for France]] [[Category:Paralympic gold medalists for France]] [[Category:Paralympic silver medalists for France]] [[Category:Paralympic bronze medalists for France]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2008 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2012 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Medalists at de 2016 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Athletes (track den field) at de 2008 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Athletes (track den field) at de 2012 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:Athletes (track den field) at de 2016 Summer Paralympics]] [[Category:People plus albinism]] [[Category:Keita family]] [[Category:Paralympic medalists insyd athletics (track den field)]] [[Category:21st-century French women]] [[Category:21st-century French sportswomen]] [[Category:French people of Malian descent]] mw04iqmuvjjl35ozl4jneqlhmfxk33v 0 22863 98691 83112 2026-05-28T19:47:36Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 98691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hypertension''', dem sanso know as '''high blood pressure''', be a long-term medical condition insyd wich de blood pressure insyd de arteries dey persistently elevate.<ref name="Nai2014">{{cite book |url={{Google books|K21_AwAAQBAJ|pages=PA562|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |title=Medical sciences |vauthors=Naish J, Court DS |date=2014 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-7020-5249-1 |edition=2 |page=562}}</ref> High blood pressure usually no dey cause symptoms einself.<ref name="CDC2024">{{cite web |date=15 May 2024 |title=About High Blood Pressure |url=https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520060641/https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}</ref> E, however, be a major risk factor for [[stroke]], coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, vision loss, chronic kidney disease, den [[dementia]].<ref name="Lack2015">{{cite journal |last1=Lackland |first1=Daniel T. |last2=Weber |first2=Michael A. |date=May 2015 |title=Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core |journal=The Canadian Journal of Cardiology |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=569–571 |doi=10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.009 |pmid=25795106}}</ref><ref name="WHO2011">{{cite book |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1 |title=Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control |vauthors=Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B |date=2011 |publisher=World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization |isbn=978-92-4-156437-3 |edition=1st |location=Geneva |page=38 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817123106/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1 |archive-date=17 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="Hernandorena2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hernandorena I, Duron E, Vidal JS, Hanon O |date=July 2017 |title=Treatment options and considerations for hypertensive patients to prevent dementia |journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy |type=Review |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=989–1000 |doi=10.1080/14656566.2017.1333599 |pmid=28532183 |s2cid=46601689}}</ref><ref name="Lau2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lau DH, Nattel S, Kalman JM, Sanders P |date=August 2017 |title=Modifiable Risk Factors and Atrial Fibrillation |journal=Circulation |type=Review |volume=136 |issue=6 |pages=583–596 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163 |pmid=28784826 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hypertension be a major cause of premature death worldwide.<ref name="WHO2025">{{Cite web |date=25 September 2025 |title=Hypertension |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension |access-date=1 October 2025 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref> High blood pressure be classified as primary (essential) hypertension anaa secondary hypertension.<ref name="Lancet20153">{{cite journal |vauthors=Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Caulfield M |date=August 2015 |title=Hypertension |journal=Lancet |volume=386 |issue=9995 |pages=801–812 |bibcode=2015Lanc..386..801P |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61468-9 |pmid=25832858 |s2cid=208792897}}</ref> About 90–95% of cases be primary, dem define as high blood pressure secof non-specific lifestyle den genetic factors.<ref name="Lancet20153" /> Lifestyle factors wey dey increase de risk dey include excess salt insyd de diet, excess body weight, smoking, physical inactivity den alcohol use.<ref name="CDC2024" /><ref name="Lancet20153" /> De remaining 5–10% of cases be categorized as secondary hypertension, dem define as high blood pressure secof a clearly identifiable cause, such as chronic kidney disease, narrowing of de kidney arteries, an endocrine disorder, anaa de use of birth control pills.<ref name="Lancet20153" /> Blood pressure be classified by two measurements, de systolic (first number) den diastolic (second number) pressures.<ref name="CDC2024" /> For chaw adults, normal blood pressure at rest be within de range of 100–140 millimeters mercury (mmHg) systolic den 60–90 mmHg diastolic.<ref name="AHA2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA, Williamson JD, Wright JT |date=June 2018 |title=2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines |journal=Hypertension |volume=71 |issue=6 |pages=e13–e115 |doi=10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065 |pmid=29133356 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="ESH20233">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, et al. |date=2023-12-01 |title=2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA) |journal=Journal of Hypertension |volume=41 |issue=12 |pages=1874–2071 |doi=10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480 |hdl=11379/603005 |issn=1473-5598 |pmid=37345492 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> For chaw adults, high blood pressure be present if de resting blood pressure be persistently at anaa above 130/80 anaa 140/90 mmHg.<ref name="Lancet20153" /><ref name="AHA2017" /><ref name="ESH20233" /> Different numbers apply to kiddies.<ref name="JNC8">{{cite journal |vauthors=James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, Lackland DT, LeFevre ML, MacKenzie TD, Ogedegbe O, Smith SC, Svetkey LP, Taler SJ, Townsend RR, Wright JT, Narva AS, Ortiz E |date=February 2014 |title=2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) |journal=JAMA |volume=311 |issue=5 |pages=507–520 |doi=10.1001/jama.2013.284427 |pmid=24352797 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over a 24-hour period dey appear more accurate dan office-based blood pressure measurement.<ref name="Nai2014" /><ref name="Lancet20153" /> Lifestyle changes den medications fi lower blood pressure den decrease de risk of health complications.<ref name="NIH2015Tx">{{cite web |date=10 September 2015 |title=How Is High Blood Pressure Treated? |url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/treatment |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406073903/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/treatment |archive-date=6 April 2016 |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute}}</ref> Lifestyle changes dey include weight loss, physical exercise, decreased salt intake, reducing alcohol intake, den a healthy diet.<ref name="Lancet20153" /> If lifestyle changes no be sufficient, dem dey use blood pressure medications.<ref name="NIH2015Tx" /> Up to three medications dem take concurrently fi control blood pressure insyd 90% of people.<ref name="Lancet20153" /> De treatment of moderately high arterial blood pressure (dem define as >160/100 mmHg) plus medications be associated plus an improved life expectancy.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Musini VM, Tejani AM, Bassett K, Puil L, Wright JM |date=June 2019 |title=Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=6 |issue=6 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000028.pub3 |pmc=6550717 |pmid=31167038 |article-number=CD000028}}</ref> De effect of treatment of blood pressure between 130/80&nbsp;mmHg den 160/100&nbsp;mmHg be less clear, plus sam reviews dey find benefit<ref name="AHA2017" /><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sundström J, Arima H, Jackson R, Turnbull F, Rahimi K, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Neal B |date=February 2015 |title=Effects of blood pressure reduction in mild hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |volume=162 |issue=3 |pages=184–191 |doi=10.7326/M14-0773 |pmid=25531552 |s2cid=46553658}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Xie X, Atkins E, Lv J, Bennett A, Neal B, Ninomiya T, Woodward M, MacMahon S, Turnbull F, Hillis GS, Chalmers J, Mant J, Salam A, Rahimi K, Perkovic V, Rodgers A |date=January 2016 |title=Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)00805-3/abstract |journal=Lancet |volume=387 |issue=10017 |pages=435–443 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00805-3 |pmid=26559744 |s2cid=36805676 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Falk |first1=Jamie M. |last2=Froentjes |first2=Liesbeth |last3=Kirkwood |first3=Jessica Em |last4=Heran |first4=Balraj S. |last5=Kolber |first5=Michael R. |last6=Allan |first6=G. Michael |last7=Korownyk |first7=Christina S. |last8=Garrison |first8=Scott R. |date=2024-12-17 |title=Higher blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2024 |issue=12 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD011575.pub3 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=11650777 |pmid=39688187 |article-number=CD011575}}</ref> den odas dey find unclear anaa no benefit.<ref name="Cochrane2025">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang D, Wright JM, Adams SP, Cundiff DK, Gueyffier F, Grenet G, Ambasta A |date=24 September 2025 |title=Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2025 |issue=9 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006742.pub3 |pmc=12458985 |pmid=40990196 |article-number=CD006742 |pmc-embargo-date=2026-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Musini VM, Gueyffier F, Puil L, Salzwedel DM, Wright JM |date=August 2017 |title=Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults aged 18 to 59 years |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2017 |issue=8 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008276.pub2 |pmc=6483466 |pmid=28813123 |article-number=CD008276}}</ref> High blood pressure dey affect 33% of de population globally.<ref name="WHOreport2023">{{Cite book |url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240081062 |title=Global report on hypertension: the race against a silent killer |date=19 March 2023 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |isbn=978-92-4-008106-2 |location=Geneva}}</ref> About half of all people plus high blood pressure no know say dem get am.<ref name="WHOreport2023" /> Insyd 2019, na dem believe high blood pressure be a factor insyd 19% of all deaths (10.4 million globally).<ref name="WHOreport2023" /> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == Read further == * 2025 {{Tooltip|AHA|American Heart Association}}/{{Tooltip|ACC|American College of Cardiology}} guideline: {{Cite journal|vauthors=Jones DW, Ferdinand KC, Taler SJ, Johnson HM, Shimbo D, Abdalla M, et al.|date=16 September 2025|title=2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines|journal=Circulation|volume=152|issue=11|pages=e114–e218|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001356|doi-access=free|pmid=40811497}} * 2024 {{Tooltip|ESC|European Society of Cardiology}} guideline: {{Cite journal |last1=McEvoy |first1=John William |last2=McCarthy |first2=Cian P |last3=Bruno |first3=Rosa Maria |last4=Brouwers |first4=Sofie |last5=Canavan |first5=Michelle D |last6=Ceconi |first6=Claudio |last7=Christodorescu |first7=Ruxandra Maria |last8=Daskalopoulou |first8=Stella S |last9=Ferro |first9=Charles J |last10=Gerdts |first10=Eva |last11=Hanssen |first11=Henner |last12=Harris |first12=Julie |last13=Lauder |first13=Lucas |last14=McManus |first14=Richard J |last15=Molloy |first15=Gerard J |display-authors=5 |date=2024-08-30 |title=2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension: Developed by the task force on the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) |journal=European Heart Journal |volume=45 |issue=38 |pages=3912–4018 |language=en |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178 |doi-access=free |pmid=39210715 |issn=0195-668X}} * 2023 {{Tooltip|ESH|European Society of Hypertension}} guideline: {{Cite journal |last1=Mancia |first1=Giuseppe |last2=Kreutz |first2=Reinhold |last3=Brunström |first3=Mattias |last4=Burnier |first4=Michel |last5=Grassi |first5=Guido |last6=Januszewicz |first6=Andrzej |last7=Muiesan |first7=Maria Lorenza |last8=Tsioufis |first8=Konstantinos |last9=Agabiti-Rosei |first9=Enrico |last10=Algharably |first10=Engi Abd Elhady |last11=Azizi |first11=Michel |last12=Benetos |first12=Athanase |last13=Borghi |first13=Claudio |last14=Hitij |first14=Jana Brguljan |last15=Cifkova |first15=Renata |display-authors = 6 |date=2023-12-01 |title=2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA) |journal=Journal of Hypertension |volume=41 |issue=12 |pages=1874–2071 |doi=10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480 |issn=1473-5598 |pmid=37345492|doi-access=free |hdl=11379/603005 |hdl-access=free }} * 2022 {{Tooltip|AAFP|American Academy of Family Physicians}} guideline: {{Cite journal |last1=Coles |first1=Sarah |last2=Fisher |first2=Lynn |last3=Lin |first3=Kenneth W. |last4=Lyon |first4=Corey |last5=Vosooney |first5=Alexis A. |last6=Bird |first6=Melanie D. |date=December 2022 |title=Blood Pressure Targets in Adults With Hypertension: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the AAFP |journal=American Family Physician |volume=106 |issue=6 |pages=Online |issn=1532-0650 |pmid=36521481}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20251127103224/https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/journals/afp/AAFPHypertensionGuideline.pdf Key recommendations]. * 2019 {{Tooltip|NICE|National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence}} guideline: {{Cite web |title= Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG136 |website=National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) |date=2019-08-28}} == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q41861|c=Category:Hypertension|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=Travelling with high blood pressure|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Hypertension| ]] [[Category:Medical conditions wey relate to obesity]] [[Category:Articles wey dey contain video clips]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ottkigzdfffk72r235jlr527ua3aj7x 0 23460 98813 84926 2026-05-29T02:01:08Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 98813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mass psychogenic illness''' ('''MPI'''), dem sanso call '''mass sociogenic illness''', '''mass psychogenic disorder''', '''epidemic hysteria''' anaa '''mass hysteria''', wey dey involve de spread of illness symptoms thru a population wer der be no infectious agent responsible for contagion.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhao |first=Gang |last2=Cheng |first2=Qinglin |last3=Dong |first3=Xianming |last4=Xie |first4=Li |date=2021-12-01 |title=Mass hysteria attack rates in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis |journal=Journal of International Medical Research |language=en |volume=49 |issue=12 |doi=10.1177/03000605211039812 |issn=0300-0605 |pmc=8829737 |pmid=34898296 |article-number=03000605211039812}}</ref><ref name="Kelly et al.">{{Cite book |last=Kelly |first=J.R. |title=Collective Emotions |last2=Iannone |first2=R.E. |last3=McCarty |first3=M.K. |date=2014 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-965918-0 |editor-last=von Scheve, Christian |chapter=The function of shared affect in groups |access-date=2020-09-03 |editor-last2=Salmella, Mikko |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHq9AgAAQBAJ&q=%22mass+psychogenic+illness%22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029084251/https://books.google.com/books?id=yHq9AgAAQBAJ&q=%22mass+psychogenic+illness%22 |archive-date=2020-10-29 |url-status=live}}</ref> E be de rapid spread of illness signs den symptoms wey dey affect members of a cohesive group, wey dey originate from a nervous system disturbance wey dey involve excitation, loss, anaa alteration of function, whereby physical complaints wey be exhibited unconsciously get no corresponding organic causes wey be known.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tarafder |first=Binoy Krishna |last2=Khan |first2=Mohammad Ashik Imran |last3=Islam |first3=Md. Tanvir |last4=Mahmud |first4=Sheikh Abdullah Al |last5=Sarker |first5=Md. Humayun Kabir |last6=Faruq |first6=Imtiaz |last7=Miah |first7=Md. Titu |last8=Arafat |first8=S. M. Yasir |date=2016 |title=Mass Psychogenic Illness: Demography and Symptom Profile of an Episode |journal=Psychiatry Journal |language=en |volume=2016 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2016/2810143 |issn=2314-4335 |pmc=4884863 |pmid=27294104 |doi-access=free |article-number=2810143}}</ref><ref name="Protean">{{Cite journal |last=Bartholomew |first=Robert |last2=Wessely |first2=Simon |date=2002 |title=Protean nature of mass sociogenic illness |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2BDC2262E104B8A33F3DD49773DA0D8B/S0007125000268578a.pdf/protean_nature_of_mass_sociogenic_illness.pdf |url-status=live |journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry |volume=180 |issue=4 |pages=300–306 |doi=10.1192/bjp.180.4.300 |pmid=11925351 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130211908/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2BDC2262E104B8A33F3DD49773DA0D8B/S0007125000268578a.pdf/protean_nature_of_mass_sociogenic_illness.pdf |archive-date=2019-01-30 |access-date=2018-10-10 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == References == <references /> '''Bibliography''' *Ali-Gombe, A. et al. "Mass hysteria: one syndrome or two?" ''British Journal of Psychiatry'' 1997; 170 387–78. Web. 17 Dec. 2009. *Balaratnasingam, Sivasankaran and Aleksandar Janca. "Mass hysteria revisited." ''Current Opinion in Psychiatry'' 19(2) (2006): 171–74. ''Research Gate.'' Web. 28 Nov. 2009. *Bartholomew, Robert. ''Little Green Men, Meowing Nuns and Head-Hunting Panics.'' Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers. 2001. Print. *Bartholomew, Robert and Simon Wessely. "Protean nature of mass sociogenic illness." ''The British Journal of Psychiatry'' 2002; 180: 300–06. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/180/4/300#REF59] *Jones, Timothy. "Mass Psychogenic Illness: Role of the Individual Physician." ''American Family Physician.'' American Family of Family Physicians: 15 Dec. 2000. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606055745/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20001215/2649.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606055745/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20001215/2649.html |date=2011-06-06 }} *Kerchoff, Alan C. "Analyzing a Case of Mass Psychogenic Illness." ''Mass Psychogenic Illness: A Social Psychological Analysis.'' Ed. Colligan et al. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1982. 5–19. Print. *Mass, Weir E. "Mass sociogenic illness." ''CMAJ'' 2005; 172: 36. Web. 14 Dec. 2009. [http://www.cmaj.ca/content/172/1/36.full] *Moss, P. D. and C. P. McEvedy. "An epidemic of overbreathing among schoolgirls." ''British Medical Journal'' 2(5525) (1966):1295–1300. Web. 17 Dec. 2009. *Phoon, W. H. "Outbreaks of Mass Hysteria at Workplaces in Singapore: Some Patterns and Modes of Presentation." ''Mass Psychogenic Illness: A Social Psychological Analysis.'' Ed. Colligan et al. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1982. 21–31. Print. *{{cite journal | last1 = Radovanovic | first1 = Z | year = 1996 | title = On the Origin of Mass Casualty Incidents in Kosovo, Yugoslavia, in 1990 | journal = European Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 12 | issue = 1| pages = 101–13 | doi=10.1007/bf00144437| pmid = 8817187 | s2cid = 7676802 }} *Singer, Jerome. "Yes Virginia, There Really Is a Mass Psychogenic Illness." ''Mass Psychogenic Illness: A Social Psychological Analysis.'' Ed. Colligan et al. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1982. 21–31. Print. *{{cite journal | last1 = Stahl | first1 = Sydney | last2 = Lebedun | first2 = Morty | year = 1974 | title = Mystery Gas: An Analysis of Mass Hysteria | journal = Journal of Health and Social Behavior | volume = 15 | issue = 1| pages = 44–50 | doi=10.2307/2136925| jstor = 2136925 | pmid = 4464323 }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Waller | first1 = John | year = 2009 | title = Looking Back: Dancing plagues and mass hysteria | url = http://www.thepsychologist.org.uk/archive/archive_home.cfm?volumeID=22&editionID=177&ArticleID=1541 | journal = The Psychologist | volume = 22 | issue = 7| pages = 644–47 }} *{{cite journal|title=Coca-Cola health scare may be mass sociogenic illness|journal=British Medical Journal|date=1999-07-17|first=Rory|last=Watson|volume=319|issue=7203|page=146|pmid=10406745|pmc=1174603|doi=10.1136/bmj.319.7203.146a}} *{{cite journal|title=Mass sociogenic illness|journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal|date=2005-01-04|first=Erica|last=Weir|volume=172|issue=1|page=36|pmid=15632400|doi=10.1503/cmaj.045027|pmc=543940 }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Wessely | first1 = Simon | year = 1987 | title = Mass hysteria: two syndromes? | journal = Psychological Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 1| pages = 109–20 | doi=10.1017/s0033291700013027| pmid = 3575566 | s2cid = 32597423 }} == External links == {{Mental and behavioural disorders|selected = neurotic}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mass psychogenic illness}} [[Category:Behavioral addiction]] [[Category:Crowd psychology]] [[Category:Group processes]] [[Category:Mass psychogenic illness| ]] [[Category:Social phenomena]] [[Category:Somatic symptom disorders]] 1mxj337hzvem44279mg3dwkhbuqxe8a 0 25487 98697 98592 2026-05-28T22:26:30Z DaSupremo 9 Revert edit 98697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ali Mahamane Lamine Zeine''' (born 1965) be a Nigerien politician den economist wey serve as de prime minister of Niger since 2023. He previously serve as minister of de Economy den Finance before from 2003 to 2010.<ref>"[http://www.finances.gouv.ne/index.php/le-ministere/historique/photos-des-ministres Photos des ministres - Ministère des Finances du NIGER]". ''www.finances.gouv.ne''.</ref> == Biography == He be Member of de Tubu people. Dem born Ali Lamine Zeine insyd 1965 insyd Zinder wey he graduate from de Centre for Financial, Economic den Banking Studies insyd Marseille den Paris-I. He work as a resident representative of de African Development Bank insyd [[Chad]], [[Ivory Coast]] den [[Gabon]].<ref>"[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/08/07/coup-d-etat-au-niger-une-delegation-officielle-du-mali-et-du-burkina-a-niamey-en-solidarite_6184710_3212.html Niger : Ali Lamine Zeine nommé premier ministre par les putschistes, une émissaire américaine reconnaît des discussions « difficiles »]". ''Le Monde.fr'' (in French). 7 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.</ref> After he serve as Director of de Cabinet of President Mamadou Tandja,<ref>Cherif Ouazani, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20061121231101/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_jeune_afrique.asp?art_cle=LIN07114alilaenieze0 Ali Lamine Zeine]", Jeuneafrique.com, 7 November 2004 (in French).</ref> dem appoint Zeine to de government as Minister of de Economy den Finance on 24 October 2003.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100220184730/http://www.presidence.ne/PagesHtm/GouvTandja.htm GOUVERNEMENTS DE LA TRANSITION DE TANDJA MAMADOU]" Archived 2007-09-27 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], official website of the Nigerien presidency (in French).</ref> Insyd 2009, a newspaper editor, Boussada Ben Ali, accuse Zeine say he steal money wey dey part of an oil contract between Niger den [[China]]. Later dem arrest Ben Ali wey dem sentence am to three months in prison for disseminating false information.<ref>"[https://ifex.org/journalist-boussada-ben-ali-convicted-of-disseminating-false-information-likely-to-disturb-public-order-sentenced-to-three-month-imprisonment/ Journalist Boussada Ben Ali convicted of "disseminating false information likely to disturb public order", sentenced to three month imprisonment]". ''IFEX''. 6 February 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} *[http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAJA2522p088.xml0/-ministre-interview-Ali-Lamine-Zeine-Ali-Lamine-Zeine----Tous-les-revenus-miniers-sont-reinvestis--.html Ali Lamine Zeine : « Tous les revenus miniers sont réinvestis »]. Marianne Meunier & Jean-Michel Meyer, Jeune Afrique. 22 May 2009. {{DEFAULTSORT:Zeine, Ali Lamine}} [[Category:1965 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Nigerien people]] [[Category:People wey komot Zinder Region]] [[Category:Finance ministers of Niger]] [[Category:Ministers of council of Niger]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Niger]] [[Category:Nigerien economists]] [[Category:21st-century Nigerien politicians]] slpul2llj5il8em1s1bqhh64vgd2xbr 0 26971 98690 98352 2026-05-28T18:32:53Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 98690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''hallucination''' be a perception insyd de absence of an external context stimulus wey get de compelling sense of reality.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=El-Mallakh |first1=Rif S. |last2=Walker |first2=Kristin L. |title=Hallucinations, Psuedohallucinations, and Parahallucinations |journal=Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes |date=2010 |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=34–42 |doi=10.1521/psyc.2010.73.1.34 |pmid=20235616 |url=https://guilfordjournals.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1521%2Fpsyc.2010.73.1.34 |access-date=8 May 2024|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Dem be distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming (REM sleep), wich no dey involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, wich no dey mimic real perception, wey be accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, wich dey involve distorted anaa dem misinterprete real perception; den mental imagery, wich no dey mimic real perception, wey be under voluntary control.<ref name="Chiu">{{cite journal|vauthors=Chiu LP|year=1989|title=Differential diagnosis and management of hallucinations|journal=Journal of the Hong Kong Medical Association|volume=t 41|issue=3|pages=292–7|url=http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/2c023b7934fcf5e064bfd487061eaa53.pdf|access-date=2014-05-29|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224145743/https://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/2c023b7934fcf5e064bfd487061eaa53.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Hallucinations sanso differ from "delusional perceptions", insyd wich a correctly sensed den interpreted stimulus (i.e., a real perception) be given sam additional significance.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Adámek |first1=Petr |last2=Langová |first2=Veronika |last3=Horáček |first3=Jiří |date=2022-03-21 |title=Early-stage visual perception impairment in schizophrenia, bottom-up and back again |journal=Schizophrenia |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=27 |doi=10.1038/s41537-022-00237-9 |pmid=35314712 |issn=2754-6993|pmc=8938488 }}</ref> Hallucinations fi occur insyd any sensory modality—visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, proprioceptive, equilibrioceptive, nociceptive, thermoceptive den chronoceptive. Hallucinations be referred to as multimodal if multiple sensory modalities occur.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Montagnese M, Leptourgos P, Fernyhough C, Waters F, Larøi F, Jardri R, McCarthy-Jones S, Thomas N, Dudley R, Taylor JP, Collerton D, Urwyler P | title = A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations | journal = Schizophrenia Bulletin | volume = 47 | issue = 1 | pages = 237–248 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 32772114 | doi = 10.31219/osf.io/zebxv | pmc = 7825001 | s2cid = 243338891 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dudley R, Aynsworth C, Cheetham R, McCarthy-Jones S, Collerton D | title = Prevalence and characteristics of multi-modal hallucinations in people with psychosis who experience visual hallucinations | journal = Psychiatry Research | volume = 269 | pages = 25–30 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 30145297 | doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.032 | s2cid = 52092886 }}</ref> A mild form of hallucination be known as a ''disturbance'', wey fi occur insyd chaw of de senses above. Dese fi be things like seeing movement insyd peripheral vision, anaa hearing faint noises anaa voices. Auditory hallucinations be very common insyd [[schizophrenia]]. Dem fi be benevolent (telling de subject good things about demaselves) anaa malicious (cursing de subject). 55% of auditory hallucinations be malicious in content,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Auditory Hallucinations in Adult Populations|url=https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/auditory-hallucinations-adult-populations|access-date=2021-02-01|journal=Psychiatric Times|series=Vol 31 No 12|date=30 December 2014|volume=31|issue=12|vauthors=Waters F|archive-date=2022-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607052027/https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/auditory-hallucinations-adult-populations|url-status=live}}</ref> for example, people wey dey talk about de subject, no dey speak to dem directly. Like auditory hallucinations, de source of de visual counterpart sanso fi be behind de subject. Dis fi produce a feeling of being looked anaa stared at, usually plus malicious intent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sense of Being Stared At -- Part 1: Is it Real or Illusory? |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233632394}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Auditory Hallucinations |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23233-auditory-hallucinations |website=clevelandclinic.org}}</ref> Frequently, auditory hallucinations den dema visual counterpart be experienced by de subject togeda.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Waters F, Collerton D, Ffytche DH, Jardri R, Pins D, Dudley R, Blom JD, Mosimann UP, Eperjesi F, Ford S, Larøi F | title = Visual hallucinations in the psychosis spectrum and comparative information from neurodegenerative disorders and eye disease | journal = Schizophrenia Bulletin | volume = 40 | issue = 4 | pages = S233–S245 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24936084 | pmc = 4141306 | doi = 10.1093/schbul/sbu036 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Hypnagogic hallucinations den hypnopompic hallucinations be considered normal phenomena. Hypnagogic hallucinations fi occur as one wey dey fall asleep den hypnopompic hallucinations dey occur wen one dey wake up. Hallucinations fi be associated plus [[Psychoactive drug|drug]] use (particularly deliriants), sleep deprivation, [[psychosis]] (wey dey include stress-related psychosis<ref>Prateek Varshney, Santosh Kumar Chaturvedi: [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pl&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=stress+induced+psychosis&oq=stress-induce#d=gs_qabs&t=1742630032925&u=%23p%3D6TsexlTiHo0J Stress related and stress induced psychosis]</ref>), neurological disorders, den [[delirium tremens]]. Chaw hallucinations sanso dey happen during [[sleep paralysis]].<ref name="newrev2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jalal B | title = The neuropharmacology of sleep paralysis hallucinations: serotonin 2A activation and a novel therapeutic drug | journal = Psychopharmacology | volume = 235 | issue = 11 | pages = 3083–3091 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 30288594 | pmc = 6208952 | doi = 10.1007/s00213-018-5042-1 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Na de word "hallucination" einself be introduced into de English language by de 17th-century physician Sir Thomas Browne insyd 1646 from de derivation of de Latin word ''alucinari'' wey dey mean to wander insyd de mind. For Browne, hallucination dey mean a sort of vision wey be "depraved den dey receive[s] ein objects erroneously".<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Browne T | date = 1646 | title = Pseudodoxia Epidemica | volume = III | chapter = XVIII: That Moles are blinde and have no eyes }}</ref> == References == <references /> == Read further == * {{cite book | vauthors = Johnson FH |title=The Anatomy of Hallucinations |date=1978 |publisher=Nelson-Hall |location=Chicago |isbn=0-88229-155-6}} * {{cite book | vauthors = Slade PD, Bentall RP |title=Sensory Deception: A Scientific Analysis of Hallucination |date=1988 |publisher=Croom Helm |location=London Sydney |isbn=0-7099-3961-2}} * {{cite book | vauthors = Aleman A, Larøi F |title=Hallucinations: The Science of Idiosyncratic Perception |date=2008 |publisher=American Psychological Association |location=Washington, DC |isbn=978-1-4338-0311-6}} * {{cite book | vauthors = Sacks OW |title=Hallucinations |date=2012 |publisher=Knopf |location=New York |isbn=978-0-307-95724-5 |edition=1. American}} == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q130741|c=Category:Hallucination|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.psychanalyse-paris.com/843-Anthropology-and.html |title=Anthropology and Hallucinations; chapter from ''The Making of Religion'' |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=November 4, 2006 |website=psychanalyse-paris.com |access-date=October 4, 2016 |archive-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529110305/http://psychanalyse-paris.com/843-Anthropology-and.html }} * [https://sites.dartmouth.edu/dujs/2009/11/21/hallucination-a-normal-phenomenon/ Hallucination: A Normal Phenomenon?] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260224075846/http://www.math.utah.edu/~bresslof/publications/01-1.pdf Geometric visual hallucinations, Euclidean symmetry and the functional architecture of striate cortex] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Hallucinations| ]] [[Category:Medical signs]] [[Category:Nonexistent things]] [[Category:Symptoms den signs of mental disorders]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] dvnk4c4zli4r2io7nxd7xn6yjcwk55x 0 26995 98696 98453 2026-05-28T22:13:17Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 98696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kaposi's sarcoma''' ('''KS''') be a type of [[cancer]] wey fi form masses on de skin, insyd lymph nodes, insyd de mouth, anaa insyd oda organs.<ref name="NCI2017Pt">{{cite web|date=16 June 2017|title=Kaposi Sarcoma Treatment|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/kaposi-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=National Cancer Institute|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sch2008" /> De skin lesions usually be painless, purple, den fi be flat anaa raised.<ref name="Sch2008" /><ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cesarman E, Damania B, Krown SE, Martin J, Bower M, Whitby D | title = Kaposi sarcoma | journal = Nature Reviews. Disease Primers | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | article-number = 9 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30705286 | pmc = 6685213 | doi = 10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9 }}</ref> Lesions fi occur singly, multiply insyd a limited area, anaa fi be widespread.<ref name="Sch2008" /> Dey depend on de sub-type of disease den level of immune suppression, KS fi worsen either gradually anaa quickly.<ref name="Sch2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Schwartz RA, Micali G, Nasca MR, Scuderi L | title = Kaposi sarcoma: a continuing conundrum | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 59 | issue = 2 | pages = 179–206; quiz 207–8 | date = August 2008 | pmid = 18638627 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.05.001 }}</ref> Except for classic KS wer der be generally no immune suppression, KS be caused by a combination of immune suppression (such as [[HIV/AIDS]]) den infection by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8 – dem sanso call KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)).<ref name=":0" /> Classic, endemic, immunosuppression therapy-related (dem sanso know as iatrogenic), den epidemic (dem sanso know as AIDS-related) sub-types all be described.<ref name=":0" /> Classic KS dey tend to affect older men insyd regions wer KSHV be highly prevalent (Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, Middle East), usually be slow-growing, den most often dey affect de legs per.<ref name=":0" /> Endemic KS be most common insyd Sub-Saharan Africa wey e be more aggressive insyd kiddies, while older adults present similarly to classic KS.<ref name=":0" /> Immunosuppression therapy-related KS generally dey occur insyd people dey follow organ transplantation den mostly dey affect de skin.<ref name=":0" /> Epidemic KS dey occur insyd people plus AIDS den chaw parts of de body fi be affected.<ref name=":0" /> KS be diagnosed by tissue biopsy, while de extent of disease fi be determined by medical imaging.<ref name="NCI2017Pt" /><ref name=Sch2008/><ref name=":0" /> Treatment be based on de sub-type, whether de condition be localized anaa widespread, den de person ein immune function.<ref name=Sch2008/> Localized skin lesions fi be treated by surgery, injections of chemotherapy into de lesion, anaa radiation therapy.<ref name=Sch2008/> Widespread disease fi be treated plus chemotherapy anaa biologic therapy.<ref name=NCI2017Pt/><ref name=Sch2008/> Insyd those plus HIV/AIDS, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dey prevent den often dey treat KS.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Hoff20172">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hoffmann C, Sabranski M, Esser S |date=2017 |title=HIV-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma |journal=Oncology Research and Treatment |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=94–98 |doi=10.1159/000455971 |pmid=28259888 |s2cid=9700628 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Insyd certain cases de addition of chemotherapy fi be required.<ref name="Hoff20172" /> Plus widespread disease, death fi occur.<ref name=Sch2008/> De condition be relatively common insyd people plus HIV/AIDS den dey follow organ transplants.<ref name=Sch2008/><ref name=":0" /><ref name=Hoff2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoffmann C, Sabranski M, Esser S | title = HIV-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma | journal = Oncology Research and Treatment | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 94–98 | date = 2017 | pmid = 28259888 | doi = 10.1159/000455971 | s2cid = 9700628 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Over 35% of people plus AIDS fi be affected.<ref name=Fer2018>{{cite book| vauthors = Ferri FF |title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323529570|page=735|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA735|language=en}}</ref> Na dem first describe KS by Moritz Kaposi insyd 1872,<ref name=NCI2015Pro>{{cite web|title=Kaposi Sarcoma Treatment|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/kaposi-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=18 December 2017|language=en|date=1 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kaposi M |year=1872 |title=Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut |journal=Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis |volume=4 |issue= 2|pages=265–273 |doi=10.1007/BF01830024|s2cid=31438763 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1428352 }}</ref> buh na dem coin de name only insyd 1891. E cam be more widely known as one of de AIDS-defining illnesses insyd de 1980s.<ref name=NCI2015Pro/> Na dem discover KSHV as a causative agent insyd 1994.<ref name=NCI2015Pro/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS, Lee F, Culpepper J, Knowles DM, Moore PS | title = Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma | journal = Science | volume = 266 | issue = 5192 | pages = 1865–1869 | date = December 1994 | pmid = 7997879 | doi = 10.1126/science.7997879 | s2cid = 29977325 | bibcode = 1994Sci...266.1865C | url = https://zenodo.org/record/842914 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101108083503/http://www.dermnet.com/Kaposi-Sarcoma Kaposi sarcoma photo library at Dermnet] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108083503/http://www.dermnet.com/Kaposi-Sarcoma |date=2010-11-08 }}) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaposi sarcoma}} [[Category:Connective den soft tissue neoplasms]] [[Category:Diseases dem name after discoverers]] [[Category:HIV/AIDS]] [[Category:Rare cancers]] [[Category:Vascular neoplasia]] [[Category:Virus-related cutaneous conditions]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 0tw8yp9cyf78cr821vz8k6ra4hfpxw5 0 27003 98688 98479 2026-05-28T12:37:30Z R-Weirdo 6148 /* */ 98688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adebayo Temitayo''' (born 2 August 2005), wey people know online as '''Realjjfrosh''', be Nigerian content creator. == Early life == Temitayo born for Ode-Irele, Ondo State, Nigeria. He start making short videos in 2019.<ref name="Punch1">{{cite news|last=Okamgba|first=Justice|title=TikTok star Realjjfrosh plans social platform for creators|url=https://punchng.com/tiktok-star-realjjfrosh-plans-social-platform-for-creators/|newspaper=Punch|date=2 April 2025|access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref> == Career == For 2023, Temitayo create TikTok audio wey dem call "1000 Views 2 Likes". Other TikTok users later use the sound.<ref name="Punch1"/>For same year, he start TikTok challenge wey dem call "100 Billion Comments". The challenge was widely shared for Nigeria.<ref name="Punch1"/>For July 2025, Punch report say Temitayo comment on changes to TikTok recommendation system and how e affect small accounts.<ref>{{cite news|last=Okamgba|first=Justice|title=Creators decry drop in TikTok video engagement|url=https://punchng.com/creators-decry-drop-in-tiktok-video-engagement/|newspaper=Punch|date=15 July 2025|access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>For August 2025, ThisDay report say he talk about income and engagement challenges for content creators for Nigeria.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ajakaiye|first=Fadekemi|title=Realjjfrosh Urges Nigerian Creators to Stay Consistent Amid Challenges|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/08/27/realjjfrosh-urges-nigerian-creators-to-stay-consistent-amid-challenges/|newspaper=ThisDay|date=27 August 2025|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref>For November 2025, BusinessDay report say he dey plan social media platform wey go support content creators with monetisation tools for small accounts.<ref>{{cite news|last=Michael|first=Chisom|title=Young Nigerian entrepreneur builds pathways for Africa's digital creators|url=https://businessday.ng/life/article/young-nigerian-entrepreneur-builds-pathways-for-africas-digital-creators/|newspaper=BusinessDay|date=1 November 2025|access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref>For December 2025, Daily Trust report say he dey apply theatre training methods for video production and dey work with students for Ekiti State University.<ref>{{cite news|title=EKSU Student Applies Theatre Training To Digital Content|url=https://dailytrust.com/eksu-student-applies-theatre-training-to-digital-content/|newspaper=Daily Trust|date=8 December 2025|access-date=19 January 2026}}</ref>For January 2026, Legit.ng report say he produce content while living for area wey internet access no stable.<ref>{{cite news|last=Imoh|first=Felix|title=Young Ondo creator grows online audience amid network hurdles|url=https://www.legit.ng/people/1696849-young-ondo-creator-grows-online-audience-network-hurdles/|newspaper=Legit.ng|date=14 January 2026|access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref> == Awards and nominations == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Result ! Ref |- | 2025 | African Entertainment Awards USA | Social Media Influencer of the Year | Nominated | <ref>{{cite news|last=Umeh|first=Juliet|title=Young Nigerian influencer Realjjfrosh bags int'l nomination|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/10/young-nigerian-influencer-realjjfrosh-bags-intl-nomination/amp/|newspaper=Vanguard|date=18 October 2025|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=THE AFRICAN ENTERTAINMENT AWARDS, USA (AEAUSA) ANNOUNCES 2025 FINALISTS, CONTINUING A LEGACY OF CELEBRATING AFRICAN AND CARIBBEAN EXCELLENCE|url=https://vote.aeausa.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/AEAUSA-2025_Nominees.pdf|publisher=African Entertainment Awards USA|date=October 2025|access-date=21 November 2025}}</ref> |- | 2026 | Niger Delta Advancement Awards 8.0 | Mega Influencer of the Year | Nominated | <ref>{{cite web|title=NDAA 8.0 Edition Nominees List|url=https://ndaawards.juvenismag.com/8-0-edition-nominees-list/|publisher=Niger Delta Advancement Awards|access-date=21 March 2026}}</ref> |} == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Temitayo, Adebayo}} [[Category:2005 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Ondo State]] [[Category:Nigerian content creators]] 5q1vukhnyryxvwhy6ccdhga747ujdy8 0 27004 98698 98481 2026-05-28T22:33:31Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Mother and Child Hospital''' (formerly Kasoa Mother and Child Polyclinic<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dumsor did not cause deaths at Kosoa mother and child hospital – GHS |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1086859/dumsor-did-not-cause-deaths-at-kosoa-mother-and.html |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref>) be a public hospital wey dey locate insyd Kasoa insyd de [[Awutu Senya East (municipal district)|Awutu Senya East Municipal Assembly]] of de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]] insyd Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-30 |title=Crime Check Foundation donates to Kasoa Mother and Child Hospital |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/general-news/crime-check-foundation-donates-to-kasoa-mother-and-child-government-hospital/2020/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-14 |title=Health Minister deploys 3 doctors, 5 midwives to Kasoa Mother and Child Hospital after patient death |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/story/health-minister-deploys-3-doctors-5-midwives-to-kasoa-mother-and-child-hospital-after-patient-death-2026051417374304720 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-29 |title=New malaria vaccines helped Ghana slash child deaths. Then Trump, others cut aid |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/health/new-malaria-vaccines-helped-ghana-slash-child-deaths-then-trump-others-cut-aid.html |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> As at 2021, na de Medical Superintendent of de hospital be Dr David Mekano. == History == [[John Mahama]] build de facility.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NDC Donates Essential Items to Mother & Child Hospital in Kasoa to Commemorate June 4th Revolution |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1162568/ndc-donates-essential-items-to-mother-child-hosp.html |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Insyd 2026, Dr. Grace Ayensu-Danquah donate equipment to de hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Health Minister Donates Equipment To Kasoa Mother & Child Hospital To Tackle Maternal Deaths |url=https://www.modernghana.com/videonews/cititv/1/654287 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> == Facilities == De hospital get de following facilities:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-24 |title=Faulty anaesthetic machine at Kasoa Mother and Child Hospital raises patient safety alarm |url=https://www.citinewsroom.com/2026/02/faulty-anaesthetic-machine-at-kasoa-mother-and-child-hospital-raises-patient-safety-alarm/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 80 beds * Surgical theatre == Controversies == Insyd 2024, na dem accuse de facility of medical negligence after a 17-year-old boy dem call Nana Adu die der.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Calvis |date=2024-04-25 |title=Kasoa: Family accuses hospital of medical negligence, extortion in death of 17-year-old |url=https://www.citinewsroom.com/2024/04/family-accuses-hospital-in-kasoa-of-medical-negligence-extortion-in-death-of-17-year-old/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Insyd 2026, a pregnant woman dem name Abigail Opoku dem report she die at de hospital after she be allegedly unable to undergo a caesarean section secof de unavailability of beds insyd de facility ein recovery ward.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-30 |title='It doesn’t add up' – Health Committee Chair questions Kasoa ‘no bed’ claim over maternal death - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/it-doesnt-add-up-health-committee-chair-questions-kasoa-no-bed-claim-over-maternal-death/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abanga |first=Edwin |date=2026-04-30 |title=Father of Pregnant Woman Who Died at Kasoa Mother and Child Hospital Gives Account of the Tragedy - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/303763-father-pregnant-lady-died-kasoa-hospital-shares-detailed-account-what-happened/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> De Central Regional Health Directorate of de Ghana Health Service start an investigation into de incident.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-30 |title=Probe launched into alleged maternal death at Kasoa Hospital - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/probe-launched-into-alleged-maternal-death-at-kasoa-hospital/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lartey |first=Winifred |date=30 April 2026 |title=GHS sets up probe into maternal death at Kasoa Mother and Child Hospital |url=https://asaaseradio.com/ghs-sets-up-probe-into-maternal-death-at-kasoa-mother-and-child-hospital/ |access-date=27 May 2026 |website=Asaase Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=“No Bed, No CS?” Outrage as Kasoa Mother & Child Hospital Faces Investigation |url=https://www.modernghana.com/videonews/cititv/10/642812/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Hospitals insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Central Region (Ghana)]] 9ksiht461kpimqakiywi177f9wwg66o 0 27005 98699 98591 2026-05-28T22:39:42Z DaSupremo 9 /* External links */ Removed links to EnWiki 98699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Blue Nile''' be river wey e originate at Lake Tana for Ethiopia iinsyd. E dey travel give approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) thru Ethiopia den Sudan. Along plus de White Nile, e be one of de two major tributaries of de Nile den e dey supply about 85.6% of de water to de Nile during de rainy season. == Course == De distance of de river from ein source to ein confluence, dem variously report am between 1,460 den 1,600 kilometres (910 and 990 mi). Dis uncertainty fi result from de fact dat de impenetrable gorges cut for de Ethiopian Highlands to a depth of sam 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). According to materials wey de Central Statistical Agency publish am, an Ethiopian government agency, de Blue Nile get a total length of 1,450 kilometres (900 mi), of wey 800 kilometres (500 mi) dey insyd Ethiopia.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466|date=13 November 2010}}, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> ==== For Ethiopia insyd ==== De Blue Nile dey originate at [[:en:Gish_Abay|Gish Abay]] at [[:en:Sekela|Sekela]] for Ethiopia insyd (wey dem bell am de Abay River). De river dey flow generally south before e enter a canyon about {{convert|400|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} long, about {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Lake Tana, wey be tremendous obstacle give travel den communication between north den south Ethiopia. Dem first refer to de canyon as de "Grand Canyon" for 1968 insyd by a British team dat accomplish de first descent of de river from Lake Tana to de end of de canyon; subsequent river rafting parties bell am de "Grand Canyon of de Nile".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Engelking |first1=Marina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzx5qS4AvzwC&dq=%22Grand+Canyon+of+the+Nile%22&pg=PA37 |title=Breakthroughs: An Integrated Advanced English Program |last2=McPherson-Ramirez |first2=Gloria |date=15 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-542738-7 |via=Google Books}}</ref> De [[:en:Blue_Nile_Falls|Blue Nile Falls]] ([[:en:Amharic|Amharic]]: Tis Abay, literally "great smoke"), one of Ethiopia ein biggest tourist attractions, dem dey locate am at de start of de canyon. De river dey loop across northwest Ethiopia before numerous tributaries feed am between Lake Tana den de [[:en:Ethiopia–Sudan_border|Ethiopia–Sudan border]]. Those for ein left bank top, for downstream order insyd, dey include de Wanqa River, de [[:en:Bashilo_River|Bashilo River]], de [[:en:Walaqa_River|Walaqa River]], de [[:en:Wanchet_River|Wanchet River]], de [[:en:Jamma_River|Jamma River]], de [[:en:Muger_River|Muger River]], de [[:en:Guder_River|Guder River]], de Agwel River, de Nedi River, de [[:en:Didessa_River|Didessa River]] den de [[:en:Dabus_River|Dabus River]]. Those for de right side top, sanso for downstream order insyd, dey include de Handassa, Tul, Abaya, Sade, Tammi, Cha, Shita, Suha, [[:en:Muga_River_(Ethiopia)|Muga]], [[:en:Gulla_(river)|Gulla]], [[:en:Temcha|Temcha]], Bachat, Katlan, Jiba, Chamoga, Weter den de [[:en:Beles_River|Beles]].<ref name="Huntingford">These lists are based on the compilation in G.W.B. Huntingford, ''Historical Geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'' (London: British Academy, 1989), p. 34</ref> ==== For Sudan insyd ==== [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|Satellite image wey White den Blue Niles dey merge]]De Blue Nile then dey head northwest into Sudan. E travel give approximately {{Convert|650|km|mi|abbr=on}}, wey e flow past [[:en:Er_Roseires|Er Roseires]] den e receive de [[:en:Dinder_River|Dinder River]] for ein right bank top at [[:en:Dinder,_Sudan|Dinder]]. At [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de Blue Nile dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]] den, as de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], e dey flow thru [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] to de [[:en:Mediterranean_Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] at [[:en:Alexandria|Alexandria]]. == Water flow == [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of de Blue den White Nile rivers near [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]]]]De flow of de Blue Nile dey reach maximum volume for de rainy season from June to September insyd, wen e dey supply 80{{endash}}86% of de water of de Nile proper. De river be a major source of de [[:en:Flooding_of_the_Nile|flooding of]] [[:en:Flooding_of_the_Nile|de Nile]] for Egypt insyd dat contribute to de fertility of de Nile Valley den de consequent rise of [[:en:Ancient_Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] den [[:en:Egyptian_mythology|Egyptian mythology]]. Plus de completion of de [[:en:Aswan_Dam|Aswan Dam]] for 1970 insyd, dem floods stopped occurring for lower Egypt insyd. During de summer [[:en:Monsoon|monsoon]] season, de Blue Nile floods erode a vast amount of fertile soil from de Ethiopian Highlands dem carry am downstream as [[:en:Silt|silt]], wey e turn de water dark brown anaa almost black.<ref>{{cite web |title=Its Origin, Falls, and Gorge |url=http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820192901/http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |archive-date=20 August 2015 |access-date=11 October 2015 |publisher=Dinknesh Ethiopia Tour}}</ref> De Blue Nile dey vital to de livelihood of Egypt: as de most significant tributary of de Nile, e dey contribute ova 85% of de Nile ein streamflow.<ref name="handle2012">Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa Elsanabary{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> Though shorter dan de White Nile, 59% of de water dat dey reach Egypt dey originate from de Ethiopian highlands via de Blue Nile. De river sanso be an important resource give Sudan, wey de [[:en:Roseires_Dam|Roseires Dam]] den [[:en:Sennar_Dam|Sennar Dam]] dey contribute to de 80% of de country ein electricity generation from [[:en:Hydropower|hydropower]]. Dem dams sanso help dey irrigate de [[:en:Gezira_Scheme|Gezira Scheme]], wey be most famous give ein high-quality [[:en:Cotton|cotton]], as well as [[:en:Wheat|wheat]] den animal feed crop production for de area insyd. For November 2012 insyd, Ethiopia begin construction of de [[:en:Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam|Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], a 6000-megawatt hydroelectric dam for de river top. Dem dey expect de dam to be a boost give de Ethiopian economy. Sudan den Egypt, howeva, voice demma concerns ova a potential reduction for water available insyd.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ethiopia: Nile Dam Project a Hydropower Hope, but Regional Sore Point |year=2012 |url=http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point |access-date=9 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714191513/http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point |archive-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=live |location=[[Africa]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters Foundation]]}}</ref> Electricity generation begin for February 2022 insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60451702|title=Ethiopia starts generating power from River Nile dam|work=BBC News|date=20 February 2022}}</ref> == History == [[File:Completed new Sebara Dildiy bridge.jpg|thumb|Suspension bridge ova de Blue Nile River. E be de only pedestrian cable bridge ova de Blue Nile for Ethiopia insyd.]] [[File:Bridges across the Blue Nile Gorge.jpg|thumb|Blue Nile Gorge for Ethiopia insyd.]]De Egyptian dey fear dat Ethiopia fi block de Blue Nile be major factor for de long den complex Ethiopian-Egyptian relationship insyd. While Egypt rely for Ethiopia top give ein waters, Ethiopia depend for de [[:en:Coptic_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria]] top give patriarchal authority den de appointment of ein metropolitan. Dis interdependence shape events since de 11th century. Give centuries, de threat of blocking de Blue Nile be an effective strategy for dey ensure de appointment of Egyptian metropolitans. Howeva, for practice insyd, neither a diversion nor large-scale use of de river ein waters, dem eva attempt am.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> An early crisis emerge during de reign of Zagwe King [[:en:Gebre_Mesqel_Lalibela|Gebre Mesqel Lalibela]], whom de Egyptians suspect of attempting to divert de river, even though ein kingdom neva extend to de Blue Nile. E be Emperor [[:en:Amda_Seyon_I|Amda Seyon I]] wey first occupy de Blue Nile basin den begin dey spread Christianity der.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> De Emperors of de Solomonic dynasty, particularly [[:en:Dawit_II|Dawit II]], [[:en:Yeshaq_I|Yeshaq I]], den [[:en:Zara_Yaqob|Zara Yaqob]], continue dey assert Ethiopia ein control ova de river as a diplomatic tool. Dem sanso reinforce dis concept for religious terms insyd, wey e identify de Blue Nile plus de biblical Gihon den dey adapt de Tammera Maryam to legitimize demma authority ova de waters. Medieval European myths about a powerful Christian Ethiopia wey e aid for de destruction of Islam insyd further elevate de significance of de Blue Nile for Ethio-Egyptian relations insyd.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> De first European dem know to have seen de Blue Nile for Ethiopia insyd den de river ein source be [[:en:Pedro_Páez|Pedro Páez]], a Spanish [[:en:Society_of_Jesus|Jesuit]] wey reach de river ein source for 21 April 1618 top.<ref>R. E. Cheesman, ''Geographical Journal'', '''71''' (1928), p.&nbsp;361</ref> Howeva, de Portuguese João Bermudes, de self-described "Patriarch of Ethiopia", provide de first description of de Tis Abay River Falls for ein memoirs insyd wey e publish for 1565 insyd, den any number of Europeans wey live for de Ethiopia insyd for de late 15th century insyd such as [[:en:Pêro_da_Covilhã|Pêro da Covilhã]] could have seen de river long before Páez, but not reach ein source. De source of de Nile proper sanso reach for 1629 insyd by de Portuguese Jesuit missionary [[:en:Jerónimo_Lobo|Jerónimo Lobo]] den for 1770 insyd by de Scottish explorer [[:en:James_Bruce|James Bruce]]. Although European explorers contemplate dey trace de course of de Nile from de Blue Nile ein confluence plus de White Nile to Lake Tana, de Blue Nile Canyon discourage all attempts since [[:en:Frédéric_Cailliaud|Frédéric Cailliaud]] ein attempt for 1821 insyd. De first serious attempt by a non-local to explore dis reach of de river, de American W.W. Macmillan undertake am for 1902 insyd, wey de Norwegian explorer B.H. Jenssen assist am; Jenssen proceed upriver from Khartoum while Macmillan sail downstream from Lake Tana. Howeva, de rapids at [[:en:Famaka|Famaka]] short of de Sudan-Ethiopia border block Jenssen ein boats, den wreck Macmillan ein boats shortly after dem launch am. Macmillan encourage Jenssen to try to sail upstream from Khartoum again for 1905 insyd, but dem force am to stop {{convert|300|mi|km|sigfig=1|order=flip|abbr=on}} short of Lake Tana.<ref>Alan Moorehead, ''The Blue Nile'', revised edition (New York: Harper and Row, 1972), pp.&nbsp;319f</ref> [[:en:Robert_Ernest_Cheesman|Robert Cheesman]], wey record ein surprise for dey arrive for Ethiopia insyd for dey find dat de upper waters of "one of de most famous of de rivers of de world, den one wey dem know ein name well to de ancients" dey for ein lifetime insyd "dotted lines mark for de map top", manage to map de upper course of de Blue Nile between 1925 den 1933. He do dis not by dey follow de river along ein banks den thru ein impassable canyon but by dey follow am from de highlands above, wey e travel sam {{convert|5000|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} by mule for de adjacent country insyd.<ref>Cheesman, pp.&nbsp;358–374.</ref> For de 1950s den 1960s insyd, several kayakers paddle parts of de canyon. For 1968 insyd, at de request of [[:en:Haile_Selassie|Haile Selassie]], a team of 60 British den Ethiopian servicemen den scientists make de first full descent of de river from Lake Tana to a point near de Sudanese border wey explorer [[:en:John_Blashford-Snell|John Blashford-Snell]] lead am.<ref>Snailham, Richard. 1970. ''The Blue Nile Revealed''. London: Chatto and Windus.</ref> De team use specially-built [[:en:Avon_Inflatables|Avon Inflatables]] den modify [[:en:Royal_Engineers|Royal Engineers]] [[:en:Assault_boat|assault boats]] to navigate de formidable rapids. Subsequent rafting expeditions for de 1970s den 1980s insyd generally only cover parts of de river canyon. For 1999 insyd, writer Virginia Morell<ref>{{cite web |title=Blue Nile: Ethiopia's River of Magic and Mystery - Bookreporter.com |url=http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608171628/http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp |archive-date=8 June 2011 |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=bookreporter.com}}</ref> den photographer Nevada Wier make de journey by raft from Lake Tana to Sudan, wey e publish a documentary about demma journey afterwards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blue Nile @ nationalgeographic.com |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006021132/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/ |archive-date=6 October 2012 |access-date=27 January 2013 |publisher=Ngm.nationalgeographic.com}}</ref> For 2000, American den National Geographic reader, Kenneth Frantz, see a photo wey Nevada Wier take am give ''National Geographic'' wey fi lead am to found de charity Bridges to Prosperity. Dis photo show a bridge broken during World War II, plus 10 men for either side of de broken span top wey dem pull each oda across de dangerous gap by rope. Dis historic bridge was built by Emperor Fasilides in approximately 1660 with Roman bridge technology bring to Ethiopia by Portuguese soldiers during de battle plus de Muslim invaders for 1507 insyd.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite book |last=Baynes |first=Thomas Spencer |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ |title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 1 |publisher=Henry G. Allen and Company |year=1838 |edition=Ninth |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ/page/n76 65] |chapter=Abyssinia}}</ref> For both 2001 den 2009 insyd, Bridges to Prosperity volunteers travel from de United States to repair de broken bridge across de Blue Nile den later build a new suspension bridge not susceptible to flood.<ref>{{cite web |title=Envisioning a world where poverty caused by rural isolation no longer exists |url=http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112041000/http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/ |archive-date=12 January 2013 |access-date=27 January 2013 |publisher=Bridges to Prosperity}}</ref> For 28 April 2004 top, geologist Pasquale Scaturro den ein partner, kayaker den documentary filmmaker Gordon Brown, becam de first pippoe dem know to navigate de Blue Nile for ein entirety insyd. Though demma expedition include several odas, Brown den Scaturro be de only ones to remain for de expedition top give de entire journey. Dem chronicle demma adventure plus an IMAX camera den two handheld video cameras, wey dem share demma story for de film ''Mystery of the Nile'' insyd den for a book of de same title insyd.<ref>Richard Bangs and Pasquale Scaturro, ''Mystery of the Nile''. New York: New American Library, 2005</ref> For 29 January 2005 top, Canadian Les Jickling den ein teammate New Zealander Mark Tanner complete de first fully human-powered transit of de entire Blue Nile den de Nile for de Sudan den Egypt insyd. Demma journey of ova {{Convert|5000|km|mi|abbr=on}} take five months den travel thru Ethiopia, Sudan, den Egypt. Dem recount dat dem paddle thru civil war conflict zones, regions dem know give bandits, den encounter multiple hazards den rapids.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department - Alumni Association |url=http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202121003/http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm |archive-date=2 February 2018 |access-date=1 August 2018 |website=web.uvic.ca}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Ethiopia|List of rivers of Ethiopia]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070506010335/http://www.aber.ac.uk/quaternary/tana/ De Tana Project] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080512003609/http://www.niletrip.com/ Paddling de Blue Nile] {{Authority control}} e0v1zhgz8h5yc2ncl5gvycmj0p606vg 98700 98699 2026-05-28T22:41:23Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Blue Nile''' be river wey e originate at Lake Tana for Ethiopia iinsyd. E dey travel give approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) thru Ethiopia den Sudan. Along plus de White Nile, e be one of de two major tributaries of de Nile den e dey supply about 85.6% of de water to de Nile during de rainy season. == Course == De distance of de river from ein source to ein confluence, dem variously report am between 1,460 den 1,600 kilometres (910 and 990 mi). Dis uncertainty fi result from de fact dat de impenetrable gorges cut for de Ethiopian Highlands to a depth of sam 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). According to materials wey de Central Statistical Agency publish am, an Ethiopian government agency, de Blue Nile get a total length of 1,450 kilometres (900 mi), of wey 800 kilometres (500 mi) dey insyd Ethiopia.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466|date=13 November 2010}}, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> ==== For Ethiopia insyd ==== De Blue Nile dey originate at [[:en:Gish_Abay|Gish Abay]] at [[:en:Sekela|Sekela]] for Ethiopia insyd (wey dem bell am de Abay River). De river dey flow generally south before e enter a canyon about {{convert|400|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} long, about {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Lake Tana, wey be tremendous obstacle give travel den communication between north den south Ethiopia. Dem first refer to de canyon as de "Grand Canyon" for 1968 insyd by a British team dat accomplish de first descent of de river from Lake Tana to de end of de canyon; subsequent river rafting parties bell am de "Grand Canyon of de Nile".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Engelking |first1=Marina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzx5qS4AvzwC&dq=%22Grand+Canyon+of+the+Nile%22&pg=PA37 |title=Breakthroughs: An Integrated Advanced English Program |last2=McPherson-Ramirez |first2=Gloria |date=15 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-542738-7 |via=Google Books}}</ref> De [[:en:Blue_Nile_Falls|Blue Nile Falls]] ([[:en:Amharic|Amharic]]: Tis Abay, literally "great smoke"), one of Ethiopia ein biggest tourist attractions, dem dey locate am at de start of de canyon. De river dey loop across northwest Ethiopia before numerous tributaries feed am between Lake Tana den de [[:en:Ethiopia–Sudan_border|Ethiopia–Sudan border]]. Those for ein left bank top, for downstream order insyd, dey include de Wanqa River, de [[:en:Bashilo_River|Bashilo River]], de [[:en:Walaqa_River|Walaqa River]], de [[:en:Wanchet_River|Wanchet River]], de [[:en:Jamma_River|Jamma River]], de [[:en:Muger_River|Muger River]], de [[:en:Guder_River|Guder River]], de Agwel River, de Nedi River, de [[:en:Didessa_River|Didessa River]] den de [[:en:Dabus_River|Dabus River]]. Those for de right side top, sanso for downstream order insyd, dey include de Handassa, Tul, Abaya, Sade, Tammi, Cha, Shita, Suha, [[:en:Muga_River_(Ethiopia)|Muga]], [[:en:Gulla_(river)|Gulla]], [[:en:Temcha|Temcha]], Bachat, Katlan, Jiba, Chamoga, Weter den de [[:en:Beles_River|Beles]].<ref name="Huntingford">These lists are based on the compilation in G.W.B. Huntingford, ''Historical Geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'' (London: British Academy, 1989), p. 34</ref> ==== For Sudan insyd ==== [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|Satellite image wey White den Blue Niles dey merge]]De Blue Nile then dey head northwest into Sudan. E travel give approximately {{Convert|650|km|mi|abbr=on}}, wey e flow past [[:en:Er_Roseires|Er Roseires]] den e receive de [[:en:Dinder_River|Dinder River]] for ein right bank top at [[:en:Dinder,_Sudan|Dinder]]. At [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de Blue Nile dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]] den, as de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], e dey flow thru [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] to de [[:en:Mediterranean_Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] at [[:en:Alexandria|Alexandria]]. == Water flow == [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of de Blue den White Nile rivers near [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]]]]De flow of de Blue Nile dey reach maximum volume for de rainy season from June to September insyd, wen e dey supply 80{{endash}}86% of de water of de Nile proper. De river be a major source of de [[:en:Flooding_of_the_Nile|flooding of]] [[:en:Flooding_of_the_Nile|de Nile]] for Egypt insyd dat contribute to de fertility of de Nile Valley den de consequent rise of [[:en:Ancient_Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] den [[:en:Egyptian_mythology|Egyptian mythology]]. Plus de completion of de [[:en:Aswan_Dam|Aswan Dam]] for 1970 insyd, dem floods stopped occurring for lower Egypt insyd. During de summer [[:en:Monsoon|monsoon]] season, de Blue Nile floods erode a vast amount of fertile soil from de Ethiopian Highlands dem carry am downstream as [[:en:Silt|silt]], wey e turn de water dark brown anaa almost black.<ref>{{cite web |title=Its Origin, Falls, and Gorge |url=http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820192901/http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |archive-date=20 August 2015 |access-date=11 October 2015 |publisher=Dinknesh Ethiopia Tour}}</ref> De Blue Nile dey vital to de livelihood of Egypt: as de most significant tributary of de Nile, e dey contribute ova 85% of de Nile ein streamflow.<ref name="handle2012">Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa Elsanabary{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> Though shorter dan de White Nile, 59% of de water dat dey reach Egypt dey originate from de Ethiopian highlands via de Blue Nile. De river sanso be an important resource give Sudan, wey de [[:en:Roseires_Dam|Roseires Dam]] den [[:en:Sennar_Dam|Sennar Dam]] dey contribute to de 80% of de country ein electricity generation from [[:en:Hydropower|hydropower]]. Dem dams sanso help dey irrigate de [[:en:Gezira_Scheme|Gezira Scheme]], wey be most famous give ein high-quality [[:en:Cotton|cotton]], as well as [[:en:Wheat|wheat]] den animal feed crop production for de area insyd. For November 2012 insyd, Ethiopia begin construction of de [[:en:Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam|Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], a 6000-megawatt hydroelectric dam for de river top. Dem dey expect de dam to be a boost give de Ethiopian economy. Sudan den Egypt, howeva, voice demma concerns ova a potential reduction for water available insyd.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ethiopia: Nile Dam Project a Hydropower Hope, but Regional Sore Point |year=2012 |url=http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point |access-date=9 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714191513/http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point |archive-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=live |location=[[Africa]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters Foundation]]}}</ref> Electricity generation begin for February 2022 insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60451702|title=Ethiopia starts generating power from River Nile dam|work=BBC News|date=20 February 2022}}</ref> == History == [[File:Completed new Sebara Dildiy bridge.jpg|thumb|Suspension bridge ova de Blue Nile River. E be de only pedestrian cable bridge ova de Blue Nile for Ethiopia insyd.]] [[File:Bridges across the Blue Nile Gorge.jpg|thumb|Blue Nile Gorge for Ethiopia insyd.]]De Egyptian dey fear dat Ethiopia fi block de Blue Nile be major factor for de long den complex Ethiopian-Egyptian relationship insyd. While Egypt rely for Ethiopia top give ein waters, Ethiopia depend for de [[:en:Coptic_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria]] top give patriarchal authority den de appointment of ein metropolitan. Dis interdependence shape events since de 11th century. Give centuries, de threat of blocking de Blue Nile be an effective strategy for dey ensure de appointment of Egyptian metropolitans. Howeva, for practice insyd, neither a diversion nor large-scale use of de river ein waters, dem eva attempt am.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> An early crisis emerge during de reign of Zagwe King [[:en:Gebre_Mesqel_Lalibela|Gebre Mesqel Lalibela]], whom de Egyptians suspect of attempting to divert de river, even though ein kingdom neva extend to de Blue Nile. E be Emperor [[:en:Amda_Seyon_I|Amda Seyon I]] wey first occupy de Blue Nile basin den begin dey spread Christianity der.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> De Emperors of de Solomonic dynasty, particularly [[:en:Dawit_II|Dawit II]], [[:en:Yeshaq_I|Yeshaq I]], den [[:en:Zara_Yaqob|Zara Yaqob]], continue dey assert Ethiopia ein control ova de river as a diplomatic tool. Dem sanso reinforce dis concept for religious terms insyd, wey e identify de Blue Nile plus de biblical Gihon den dey adapt de Tammera Maryam to legitimize demma authority ova de waters. Medieval European myths about a powerful Christian Ethiopia wey e aid for de destruction of Islam insyd further elevate de significance of de Blue Nile for Ethio-Egyptian relations insyd.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> De first European dem know to have seen de Blue Nile for Ethiopia insyd den de river ein source be [[:en:Pedro_Páez|Pedro Páez]], a Spanish [[:en:Society_of_Jesus|Jesuit]] wey reach de river ein source for 21 April 1618 top.<ref>R. E. Cheesman, ''Geographical Journal'', '''71''' (1928), p.&nbsp;361</ref> Howeva, de Portuguese João Bermudes, de self-described "Patriarch of Ethiopia", provide de first description of de Tis Abay River Falls for ein memoirs insyd wey e publish for 1565 insyd, den any number of Europeans wey live for de Ethiopia insyd for de late 15th century insyd such as [[:en:Pêro_da_Covilhã|Pêro da Covilhã]] could have seen de river long before Páez, but not reach ein source. De source of de Nile proper sanso reach for 1629 insyd by de Portuguese Jesuit missionary [[:en:Jerónimo_Lobo|Jerónimo Lobo]] den for 1770 insyd by de Scottish explorer [[:en:James_Bruce|James Bruce]]. Although European explorers contemplate dey trace de course of de Nile from de Blue Nile ein confluence plus de White Nile to Lake Tana, de Blue Nile Canyon discourage all attempts since [[:en:Frédéric_Cailliaud|Frédéric Cailliaud]] ein attempt for 1821 insyd. De first serious attempt by a non-local to explore dis reach of de river, de American W.W. Macmillan undertake am for 1902 insyd, wey de Norwegian explorer B.H. Jenssen assist am; Jenssen proceed upriver from Khartoum while Macmillan sail downstream from Lake Tana. Howeva, de rapids at [[:en:Famaka|Famaka]] short of de Sudan-Ethiopia border block Jenssen ein boats, den wreck Macmillan ein boats shortly after dem launch am. Macmillan encourage Jenssen to try to sail upstream from Khartoum again for 1905 insyd, but dem force am to stop {{convert|300|mi|km|sigfig=1|order=flip|abbr=on}} short of Lake Tana.<ref>Alan Moorehead, ''The Blue Nile'', revised edition (New York: Harper and Row, 1972), pp.&nbsp;319f</ref> [[:en:Robert_Ernest_Cheesman|Robert Cheesman]], wey record ein surprise for dey arrive for Ethiopia insyd for dey find dat de upper waters of "one of de most famous of de rivers of de world, den one wey dem know ein name well to de ancients" dey for ein lifetime insyd "dotted lines mark for de map top", manage to map de upper course of de Blue Nile between 1925 den 1933. He do dis not by dey follow de river along ein banks den thru ein impassable canyon but by dey follow am from de highlands above, wey e travel sam {{convert|5000|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} by mule for de adjacent country insyd.<ref>Cheesman, pp.&nbsp;358–374.</ref> For de 1950s den 1960s insyd, several kayakers paddle parts of de canyon. For 1968 insyd, at de request of [[:en:Haile_Selassie|Haile Selassie]], a team of 60 British den Ethiopian servicemen den scientists make de first full descent of de river from Lake Tana to a point near de Sudanese border wey explorer [[:en:John_Blashford-Snell|John Blashford-Snell]] lead am.<ref>Snailham, Richard. 1970. ''The Blue Nile Revealed''. London: Chatto and Windus.</ref> De team use specially-built [[:en:Avon_Inflatables|Avon Inflatables]] den modify [[:en:Royal_Engineers|Royal Engineers]] [[:en:Assault_boat|assault boats]] to navigate de formidable rapids. Subsequent rafting expeditions for de 1970s den 1980s insyd generally only cover parts of de river canyon. For 1999 insyd, writer Virginia Morell<ref>{{cite web |title=Blue Nile: Ethiopia's River of Magic and Mystery - Bookreporter.com |url=http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608171628/http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp |archive-date=8 June 2011 |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=bookreporter.com}}</ref> den photographer Nevada Wier make de journey by raft from Lake Tana to Sudan, wey e publish a documentary about demma journey afterwards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blue Nile @ nationalgeographic.com |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006021132/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/ |archive-date=6 October 2012 |access-date=27 January 2013 |publisher=Ngm.nationalgeographic.com}}</ref> For 2000, American den National Geographic reader, Kenneth Frantz, see a photo wey Nevada Wier take am give ''National Geographic'' wey fi lead am to found de charity Bridges to Prosperity. Dis photo show a bridge broken during World War II, plus 10 men for either side of de broken span top wey dem pull each oda across de dangerous gap by rope. Dis historic bridge was built by Emperor Fasilides in approximately 1660 with Roman bridge technology bring to Ethiopia by Portuguese soldiers during de battle plus de Muslim invaders for 1507 insyd.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite book |last=Baynes |first=Thomas Spencer |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ |title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 1 |publisher=Henry G. Allen and Company |year=1838 |edition=Ninth |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ/page/n76 65] |chapter=Abyssinia}}</ref> For both 2001 den 2009 insyd, Bridges to Prosperity volunteers travel from de United States to repair de broken bridge across de Blue Nile den later build a new suspension bridge not susceptible to flood.<ref>{{cite web |title=Envisioning a world where poverty caused by rural isolation no longer exists |url=http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112041000/http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/ |archive-date=12 January 2013 |access-date=27 January 2013 |publisher=Bridges to Prosperity}}</ref> For 28 April 2004 top, geologist Pasquale Scaturro den ein partner, kayaker den documentary filmmaker Gordon Brown, becam de first pippoe dem know to navigate de Blue Nile for ein entirety insyd. Though demma expedition include several odas, Brown den Scaturro be de only ones to remain for de expedition top give de entire journey. Dem chronicle demma adventure plus an IMAX camera den two handheld video cameras, wey dem share demma story for de film ''Mystery of the Nile'' insyd den for a book of de same title insyd.<ref>Richard Bangs and Pasquale Scaturro, ''Mystery of the Nile''. New York: New American Library, 2005</ref> For 29 January 2005 top, Canadian Les Jickling den ein teammate New Zealander Mark Tanner complete de first fully human-powered transit of de entire Blue Nile den de Nile for de Sudan den Egypt insyd. Demma journey of ova {{Convert|5000|km|mi|abbr=on}} take five months den travel thru Ethiopia, Sudan, den Egypt. Dem recount dat dem paddle thru civil war conflict zones, regions dem know give bandits, den encounter multiple hazards den rapids.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department - Alumni Association |url=http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202121003/http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm |archive-date=2 February 2018 |access-date=1 August 2018 |website=web.uvic.ca}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Ethiopia|List of rivers of Ethiopia]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070506010335/http://www.aber.ac.uk/quaternary/tana/ The Tana Project] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512003609/http://www.niletrip.com/ Paddling the Blue Nile] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nile, Blue}} [[Category:Blue Nile| ]] [[Category:Tributaries of de Nile]] [[Category:Rivers of Ethiopia]] [[Category:Rivers of Sudan]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Lake Tana]] igmixzagi3u2hqo4r5p9v8mb24q6awg 98701 98700 2026-05-28T22:49:39Z DaSupremo 9 Removed links to EnWiki 98701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Blue Nile''' be river wey e originate at Lake Tana for Ethiopia iinsyd. E dey travel give approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) thru Ethiopia den Sudan. Along plus de White Nile, e be one of de two major tributaries of de Nile den e dey supply about 85.6% of de water to de Nile during de rainy season. == Course == De distance of de river from ein source to ein confluence, dem variously report am between 1,460 den 1,600 kilometres (910 and 990 mi). Dis uncertainty fi result from de fact dat de impenetrable gorges cut for de Ethiopian Highlands to a depth of sam 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). According to materials wey de Central Statistical Agency publish am, an Ethiopian government agency, de Blue Nile get a total length of 1,450 kilometres (900 mi), of wey 800 kilometres (500 mi) dey insyd Ethiopia.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466|date=13 November 2010}}, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> ==== For Ethiopia insyd ==== De Blue Nile dey originate at [[:en:Gish_Abay|Gish Abay]] at [[:en:Sekela|Sekela]] for Ethiopia insyd (wey dem bell am de Abay River). De river dey flow generally south before e enter a canyon about {{convert|400|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} long, about {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Lake Tana, wey be tremendous obstacle give travel den communication between north den south Ethiopia. Dem first refer to de canyon as de "Grand Canyon" for 1968 insyd by a British team dat accomplish de first descent of de river from Lake Tana to de end of de canyon; subsequent river rafting parties bell am de "Grand Canyon of de Nile".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Engelking |first1=Marina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzx5qS4AvzwC&dq=%22Grand+Canyon+of+the+Nile%22&pg=PA37 |title=Breakthroughs: An Integrated Advanced English Program |last2=McPherson-Ramirez |first2=Gloria |date=15 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-542738-7 |via=Google Books}}</ref> De [[:en:Blue_Nile_Falls|Blue Nile Falls]] ([[:en:Amharic|Amharic]]: Tis Abay, literally "great smoke"), one of Ethiopia ein biggest tourist attractions, dem dey locate am at de start of de canyon. De river dey loop across northwest Ethiopia before numerous tributaries feed am between Lake Tana den de [[:en:Ethiopia–Sudan_border|Ethiopia–Sudan border]]. Those for ein left bank top, for downstream order insyd, dey include de Wanqa River, de [[:en:Bashilo_River|Bashilo River]], de [[:en:Walaqa_River|Walaqa River]], de [[:en:Wanchet_River|Wanchet River]], de [[:en:Jamma_River|Jamma River]], de [[:en:Muger_River|Muger River]], de [[:en:Guder_River|Guder River]], de Agwel River, de Nedi River, de [[:en:Didessa_River|Didessa River]] den de [[:en:Dabus_River|Dabus River]]. Those for de right side top, sanso for downstream order insyd, dey include de Handassa, Tul, Abaya, Sade, Tammi, Cha, Shita, Suha, [[:en:Muga_River_(Ethiopia)|Muga]], [[:en:Gulla_(river)|Gulla]], [[:en:Temcha|Temcha]], Bachat, Katlan, Jiba, Chamoga, Weter den de [[:en:Beles_River|Beles]].<ref name="Huntingford">These lists are based on the compilation in G.W.B. Huntingford, ''Historical Geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'' (London: British Academy, 1989), p. 34</ref> ==== For Sudan insyd ==== [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|Satellite image wey White den Blue Niles dey merge]]De Blue Nile then dey head northwest into Sudan. E travel give approximately {{Convert|650|km|mi|abbr=on}}, wey e flow past [[:en:Er_Roseires|Er Roseires]] den e receive de [[:en:Dinder_River|Dinder River]] for ein right bank top at [[:en:Dinder,_Sudan|Dinder]]. At [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de Blue Nile dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]] den, as de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], e dey flow thru [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] to de [[:en:Mediterranean_Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] at [[:en:Alexandria|Alexandria]]. == Water flow == [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of de Blue den White Nile rivers near [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]]]]De flow of de Blue Nile dey reach maximum volume for de rainy season from June to September insyd, wen e dey supply 80{{endash}}86% of de water of de Nile proper. De river be a major source of de [[:en:Flooding_of_the_Nile|flooding of]] [[:en:Flooding_of_the_Nile|de Nile]] for Egypt insyd dat contribute to de fertility of de Nile Valley den de consequent rise of [[:en:Ancient_Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] den [[:en:Egyptian_mythology|Egyptian mythology]]. Plus de completion of de [[:en:Aswan_Dam|Aswan Dam]] for 1970 insyd, dem floods stopped occurring for lower Egypt insyd. During de summer [[:en:Monsoon|monsoon]] season, de Blue Nile floods erode a vast amount of fertile soil from de Ethiopian Highlands dem carry am downstream as [[:en:Silt|silt]], wey e turn de water dark brown anaa almost black.<ref>{{cite web |title=Its Origin, Falls, and Gorge |url=http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820192901/http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |archive-date=20 August 2015 |access-date=11 October 2015 |publisher=Dinknesh Ethiopia Tour}}</ref> De Blue Nile dey vital to de livelihood of Egypt: as de most significant tributary of de Nile, e dey contribute ova 85% of de Nile ein streamflow.<ref name="handle2012">Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa Elsanabary{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> Though shorter dan de White Nile, 59% of de water dat dey reach Egypt dey originate from de Ethiopian highlands via de Blue Nile. De river sanso be an important resource give Sudan, wey de [[:en:Roseires_Dam|Roseires Dam]] den [[:en:Sennar_Dam|Sennar Dam]] dey contribute to de 80% of de country ein electricity generation from [[:en:Hydropower|hydropower]]. Dem dams sanso help dey irrigate de [[:en:Gezira_Scheme|Gezira Scheme]], wey be most famous give ein high-quality [[:en:Cotton|cotton]], as well as [[:en:Wheat|wheat]] den animal feed crop production for de area insyd. For November 2012 insyd, Ethiopia begin construction of de [[:en:Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam|Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], a 6000-megawatt hydroelectric dam for de river top. Dem dey expect de dam to be a boost give de Ethiopian economy. Sudan den Egypt, howeva, voice demma concerns ova a potential reduction for water available insyd.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ethiopia: Nile Dam Project a Hydropower Hope, but Regional Sore Point |year=2012 |url=http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point |access-date=9 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714191513/http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point |archive-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=live |location=[[Africa]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters Foundation]]}}</ref> Electricity generation begin for February 2022 insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60451702|title=Ethiopia starts generating power from River Nile dam|work=BBC News|date=20 February 2022}}</ref> == History == [[File:Completed new Sebara Dildiy bridge.jpg|thumb|Suspension bridge ova de Blue Nile River. E be de only pedestrian cable bridge ova de Blue Nile for Ethiopia insyd.]] [[File:Bridges across the Blue Nile Gorge.jpg|thumb|Blue Nile Gorge for Ethiopia insyd.]]De Egyptian dey fear dat Ethiopia fi block de Blue Nile be major factor for de long den complex Ethiopian-Egyptian relationship insyd. While Egypt rely for Ethiopia top give ein waters, Ethiopia depend for de [[:en:Coptic_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria]] top give patriarchal authority den de appointment of ein metropolitan. Dis interdependence shape events since de 11th century. Give centuries, de threat of blocking de Blue Nile be an effective strategy for dey ensure de appointment of Egyptian metropolitans. Howeva, for practice insyd, neither a diversion nor large-scale use of de river ein waters, dem eva attempt am.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> An early crisis emerge during de reign of Zagwe King [[:en:Gebre_Mesqel_Lalibela|Gebre Mesqel Lalibela]], whom de Egyptians suspect of attempting to divert de river, even though ein kingdom neva extend to de Blue Nile. E be Emperor [[:en:Amda_Seyon_I|Amda Seyon I]] wey first occupy de Blue Nile basin den begin dey spread Christianity der.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> De Emperors of de Solomonic dynasty, particularly [[:en:Dawit_II|Dawit II]], [[:en:Yeshaq_I|Yeshaq I]], den [[:en:Zara_Yaqob|Zara Yaqob]], continue dey assert Ethiopia ein control ova de river as a diplomatic tool. Dem sanso reinforce dis concept for religious terms insyd, wey e identify de Blue Nile plus de biblical Gihon den dey adapt de Tammera Maryam to legitimize demma authority ova de waters. Medieval European myths about a powerful Christian Ethiopia wey e aid for de destruction of Islam insyd further elevate de significance of de Blue Nile for Ethio-Egyptian relations insyd.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> De first European dem know to have seen de Blue Nile for Ethiopia insyd den de river ein source be [[:en:Pedro_Páez|Pedro Páez]], a Spanish [[:en:Society_of_Jesus|Jesuit]] wey reach de river ein source for 21 April 1618 top.<ref>R. E. Cheesman, ''Geographical Journal'', '''71''' (1928), p.&nbsp;361</ref> Howeva, de Portuguese João Bermudes, de self-described "Patriarch of Ethiopia", provide de first description of de Tis Abay River Falls for ein memoirs insyd wey e publish for 1565 insyd, den any number of Europeans wey live for de Ethiopia insyd for de late 15th century insyd such as [[:en:Pêro_da_Covilhã|Pêro da Covilhã]] could have seen de river long before Páez, but not reach ein source. De source of de Nile proper sanso reach for 1629 insyd by de Portuguese Jesuit missionary [[:en:Jerónimo_Lobo|Jerónimo Lobo]] den for 1770 insyd by de Scottish explorer [[:en:James_Bruce|James Bruce]]. Although European explorers contemplate dey trace de course of de Nile from de Blue Nile ein confluence plus de White Nile to Lake Tana, de Blue Nile Canyon discourage all attempts since [[:en:Frédéric_Cailliaud|Frédéric Cailliaud]] ein attempt for 1821 insyd. De first serious attempt by a non-local to explore dis reach of de river, de American W.W. Macmillan undertake am for 1902 insyd, wey de Norwegian explorer B.H. Jenssen assist am; Jenssen proceed upriver from Khartoum while Macmillan sail downstream from Lake Tana. Howeva, de rapids at [[:en:Famaka|Famaka]] short of de Sudan-Ethiopia border block Jenssen ein boats, den wreck Macmillan ein boats shortly after dem launch am. Macmillan encourage Jenssen to try to sail upstream from Khartoum again for 1905 insyd, but dem force am to stop {{convert|300|mi|km|sigfig=1|order=flip|abbr=on}} short of Lake Tana.<ref>Alan Moorehead, ''The Blue Nile'', revised edition (New York: Harper and Row, 1972), pp.&nbsp;319f</ref> [[:en:Robert_Ernest_Cheesman|Robert Cheesman]], wey record ein surprise for dey arrive for Ethiopia insyd for dey find dat de upper waters of "one of de most famous of de rivers of de world, den one wey dem know ein name well to de ancients" dey for ein lifetime insyd "dotted lines mark for de map top", manage to map de upper course of de Blue Nile between 1925 den 1933. He do dis not by dey follow de river along ein banks den thru ein impassable canyon but by dey follow am from de highlands above, wey e travel sam {{convert|5000|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} by mule for de adjacent country insyd.<ref>Cheesman, pp.&nbsp;358–374.</ref> For de 1950s den 1960s insyd, several kayakers paddle parts of de canyon. For 1968 insyd, at de request of [[:en:Haile_Selassie|Haile Selassie]], a team of 60 British den Ethiopian servicemen den scientists make de first full descent of de river from Lake Tana to a point near de Sudanese border wey explorer [[:en:John_Blashford-Snell|John Blashford-Snell]] lead am.<ref>Snailham, Richard. 1970. ''The Blue Nile Revealed''. London: Chatto and Windus.</ref> De team use specially-built [[:en:Avon_Inflatables|Avon Inflatables]] den modify [[:en:Royal_Engineers|Royal Engineers]] [[:en:Assault_boat|assault boats]] to navigate de formidable rapids. Subsequent rafting expeditions for de 1970s den 1980s insyd generally only cover parts of de river canyon. For 1999 insyd, writer Virginia Morell<ref>{{cite web |title=Blue Nile: Ethiopia's River of Magic and Mystery - Bookreporter.com |url=http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608171628/http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp |archive-date=8 June 2011 |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=bookreporter.com}}</ref> den photographer Nevada Wier make de journey by raft from Lake Tana to Sudan, wey e publish a documentary about demma journey afterwards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blue Nile @ nationalgeographic.com |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006021132/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/ |archive-date=6 October 2012 |access-date=27 January 2013 |publisher=Ngm.nationalgeographic.com}}</ref> For 2000, American den National Geographic reader, Kenneth Frantz, see a photo wey Nevada Wier take am give ''National Geographic'' wey fi lead am to found de charity Bridges to Prosperity. Dis photo show a bridge broken during World War II, plus 10 men for either side of de broken span top wey dem pull each oda across de dangerous gap by rope. Dis historic bridge was built by Emperor Fasilides in approximately 1660 with Roman bridge technology bring to Ethiopia by Portuguese soldiers during de battle plus de Muslim invaders for 1507 insyd.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite book |last=Baynes |first=Thomas Spencer |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ |title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 1 |publisher=Henry G. Allen and Company |year=1838 |edition=Ninth |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ/page/n76 65] |chapter=Abyssinia}}</ref> For both 2001 den 2009 insyd, Bridges to Prosperity volunteers travel from de United States to repair de broken bridge across de Blue Nile den later build a new suspension bridge not susceptible to flood.<ref>{{cite web |title=Envisioning a world where poverty caused by rural isolation no longer exists |url=http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112041000/http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/ |archive-date=12 January 2013 |access-date=27 January 2013 |publisher=Bridges to Prosperity}}</ref> For 28 April 2004 top, geologist Pasquale Scaturro den ein partner, kayaker den documentary filmmaker Gordon Brown, becam de first pippoe dem know to navigate de Blue Nile for ein entirety insyd. Though demma expedition include several odas, Brown den Scaturro be de only ones to remain for de expedition top give de entire journey. Dem chronicle demma adventure plus an IMAX camera den two handheld video cameras, wey dem share demma story for de film ''Mystery of the Nile'' insyd den for a book of de same title insyd.<ref>Richard Bangs and Pasquale Scaturro, ''Mystery of the Nile''. New York: New American Library, 2005</ref> For 29 January 2005 top, Canadian Les Jickling den ein teammate New Zealander Mark Tanner complete de first fully human-powered transit of de entire Blue Nile den de Nile for de Sudan den Egypt insyd. Demma journey of ova {{Convert|5000|km|mi|abbr=on}} take five months den travel thru Ethiopia, Sudan, den Egypt. Dem recount dat dem paddle thru civil war conflict zones, regions dem know give bandits, den encounter multiple hazards den rapids.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department - Alumni Association |url=http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202121003/http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm |archive-date=2 February 2018 |access-date=1 August 2018 |website=web.uvic.ca}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070506010335/http://www.aber.ac.uk/quaternary/tana/ The Tana Project] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512003609/http://www.niletrip.com/ Paddling the Blue Nile] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nile, Blue}} [[Category:Blue Nile| ]] [[Category:Tributaries of de Nile]] [[Category:Rivers of Ethiopia]] [[Category:Rivers of Sudan]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Lake Tana]] ophey02rkwsfpe921brw0j5a9h2gacz 0 27006 98662 98661 2026-05-28T11:59:16Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> == References == 0thqi60tlh5jw0ccwj0sb2q32b13nd9 98663 98662 2026-05-28T12:00:43Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color. == References == 6yd3ap9szxht103p5o1mo9h8igjwd4m 98664 98663 2026-05-28T12:01:30Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> == References == fni4gyw9dnx2tt85kjpadb1x37mcwey 98665 98664 2026-05-28T12:02:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. == References == 0luxux922g0gqx4ejiv6j89af0sil3b 98666 98665 2026-05-28T12:02:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] == References == tqgiuwusv6b80gxi1yjzta65f2klf27 98667 98666 2026-05-28T12:04:42Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == References == 01i2jqicieace8hw3qn5bw5ds9bz0bb 98668 98667 2026-05-28T12:05:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == == References == jffad7lzvto90phvmzr50fdkf11koxl 98669 98668 2026-05-28T12:06:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. == References == 3szrh8p56rnz9lpo6n27vpy4lmkl2wb 98670 98669 2026-05-28T12:07:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == References == pc1xxd97kavkvcvlxktfucaheyw5zf2 98671 98670 2026-05-28T12:08:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == == References == mnurls53mztikfe8t62thzf3298yny2 98672 98671 2026-05-28T12:08:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] == References == b3o9doqiyf8a2takcn34ew20zckqtnh 98673 98672 2026-05-28T12:09:02Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == tinvzkygirexv28lc5qxxg37mkmi8wa 98674 98673 2026-05-28T12:09:35Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == pyhinp4fvm9wydexrcz7pclu3opcxay 98675 98674 2026-05-28T12:10:27Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] c9spyuuyqzn8qtjonce6lkxacvsop7r 98676 98675 2026-05-28T12:10:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} 234p8gxj63mesjl2k1f3vjlakc3lnj5 98677 98676 2026-05-28T12:12:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den[[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) q7zpixnjy5oy4w0ymv13l7d4u3d5hfp 98678 98677 2026-05-28T12:16:01Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den[[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" !Sobat River | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * Akobo * Agwei * Abara * Kongkong * Kangen * Lotilla * Veveno |- !Bahr el Ghazal | * Bahr al-Arab * Lol * Sopo * Kuru * Pongo * Adda * Tonj * Jur * Wau |- !Other | * Adar * Aswa * Bahr el Zeraf * Daga * Yabus |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * Koss * Kibish * Kidepo * Medikiret |} iq7t1w7mc2a3p46b60yudlnswn21qyb 98679 98678 2026-05-28T12:16:56Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den[[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" !Sobat River | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * [[:en:Akobo_River|Akobo]] * [[:en:Agwei_River|Agwei]] * [[:en:Abara_River|Abara]] * Kongkong * Kangen * Lotilla * Veveno |- !Bahr el Ghazal | * Bahr al-Arab * Lol * Sopo * Kuru * Pongo * Adda * Tonj * Jur * Wau |- !Other | * Adar * Aswa * Bahr el Zeraf * Daga * Yabus |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * Koss * Kibish * Kidepo * Medikiret |} b2azahlafko1vmkgsh9cv35t2jqlrrt 98680 98679 2026-05-28T12:18:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den[[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" ![[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat River]] | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * [[:en:Akobo_River|Akobo]] * [[:en:Agwei_River|Agwei]] * [[:en:Abara_River|Abara]] * [[:en:Kongkong_River|Kongkong]] * [[:en:Kangen_River|Kangen]] * [[:en:Lotilla_River|Lotilla]] * [[:en:Veveno_River|Veveno]] |- !Bahr el Ghazal | * Bahr al-Arab * Lol * Sopo * Kuru * Pongo * Adda * Tonj * Jur * Wau |- !Other | * Adar * Aswa * Bahr el Zeraf * Daga * Yabus |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * Koss * Kibish * Kidepo * Medikiret |} 054yqxhvjp7c0sqzoepg6wq8ihangp5 98681 98680 2026-05-28T12:19:44Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den[[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" ![[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat River]] | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * [[:en:Akobo_River|Akobo]] * [[:en:Agwei_River|Agwei]] * [[:en:Abara_River|Abara]] * [[:en:Kongkong_River|Kongkong]] * [[:en:Kangen_River|Kangen]] * [[:en:Lotilla_River|Lotilla]] * [[:en:Veveno_River|Veveno]] |- ![[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] | * [[:en:Bahr_al-Arab|Bahr al-Arab]] * [[:en:Lol_River|Lol]] * [[:en:Sopo_River|Sopo]] * Kuru * Pongo * Adda * Tonj * Jur * Wau |- !Other | * Adar * Aswa * Bahr el Zeraf * Daga * Yabus |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * Koss * Kibish * Kidepo * Medikiret |} 6k3lbljuu514sli9q2tr0ka1waxdvmm 98682 98681 2026-05-28T12:20:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den[[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" ![[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat River]] | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * [[:en:Akobo_River|Akobo]] * [[:en:Agwei_River|Agwei]] * [[:en:Abara_River|Abara]] * [[:en:Kongkong_River|Kongkong]] * [[:en:Kangen_River|Kangen]] * [[:en:Lotilla_River|Lotilla]] * [[:en:Veveno_River|Veveno]] |- ![[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] | * [[:en:Bahr_al-Arab|Bahr al-Arab]] * [[:en:Lol_River|Lol]] * [[:en:Sopo_River|Sopo]] * [[:en:Kuru_River|Kuru]] * [[:en:Pongo_River_(South_Sudan)|Pongo]] * [[:en:Adda_River_(South_Sudan)|Adda]] * Tonj * Jur * Wau |- !Other | * Adar * Aswa * Bahr el Zeraf * Daga * Yabus |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * Koss * Kibish * Kidepo * Medikiret |} 4shj1wtlihezo1jnb0w84ml6ytgxjcc 98683 98682 2026-05-28T12:21:30Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den [[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" ![[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat River]] | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * [[:en:Akobo_River|Akobo]] * [[:en:Agwei_River|Agwei]] * [[:en:Abara_River|Abara]] * [[:en:Kongkong_River|Kongkong]] * [[:en:Kangen_River|Kangen]] * [[:en:Lotilla_River|Lotilla]] * [[:en:Veveno_River|Veveno]] |- ![[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] | * [[:en:Bahr_al-Arab|Bahr al-Arab]] * [[:en:Lol_River|Lol]] * [[:en:Sopo_River|Sopo]] * [[:en:Kuru_River|Kuru]] * [[:en:Pongo_River_(South_Sudan)|Pongo]] * [[:en:Adda_River_(South_Sudan)|Adda]] * [[:en:Tonj_River|Tonj]] * [[:en:Jur_River|Jur]] * [[:en:Wau_River|Wau]] |- !Other | * Adar * Aswa * Bahr el Zeraf * Daga * Yabus |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * Koss * Kibish * Kidepo * Medikiret |} bf48fpgxhjyn1x4jxs2o70qnyj6vxh5 98684 98683 2026-05-28T12:22:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den [[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" ![[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat River]] | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * [[:en:Akobo_River|Akobo]] * [[:en:Agwei_River|Agwei]] * [[:en:Abara_River|Abara]] * [[:en:Kongkong_River|Kongkong]] * [[:en:Kangen_River|Kangen]] * [[:en:Lotilla_River|Lotilla]] * [[:en:Veveno_River|Veveno]] |- ![[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] | * [[:en:Bahr_al-Arab|Bahr al-Arab]] * [[:en:Lol_River|Lol]] * [[:en:Sopo_River|Sopo]] * [[:en:Kuru_River|Kuru]] * [[:en:Pongo_River_(South_Sudan)|Pongo]] * [[:en:Adda_River_(South_Sudan)|Adda]] * [[:en:Tonj_River|Tonj]] * [[:en:Jur_River|Jur]] * [[:en:Wau_River|Wau]] |- !Other | * [[:en:Adar_River|Adar]] * [[:en:Achwa_River|Aswa]] * [[:en:Bahr_el_Zeraf|Bahr el Zeraf]] * Daga * Yabus |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * Koss * Kibish * Kidepo * Medikiret |} bp3781qsg79wx8xuxyzb2i7er5suy0a 98685 98684 2026-05-28T12:23:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den [[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" ![[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat River]] | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * [[:en:Akobo_River|Akobo]] * [[:en:Agwei_River|Agwei]] * [[:en:Abara_River|Abara]] * [[:en:Kongkong_River|Kongkong]] * [[:en:Kangen_River|Kangen]] * [[:en:Lotilla_River|Lotilla]] * [[:en:Veveno_River|Veveno]] |- ![[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] | * [[:en:Bahr_al-Arab|Bahr al-Arab]] * [[:en:Lol_River|Lol]] * [[:en:Sopo_River|Sopo]] * [[:en:Kuru_River|Kuru]] * [[:en:Pongo_River_(South_Sudan)|Pongo]] * [[:en:Adda_River_(South_Sudan)|Adda]] * [[:en:Tonj_River|Tonj]] * [[:en:Jur_River|Jur]] * [[:en:Wau_River|Wau]] |- !Other | * [[:en:Adar_River|Adar]] * [[:en:Achwa_River|Aswa]] * [[:en:Bahr_el_Zeraf|Bahr el Zeraf]] * [[:en:Daga_River_(South_Sudan)|Daga]] * [[:en:Yabus_River|Yabus]] |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * Koss * Kibish * Kidepo * Medikiret |} qymjdr0ie277sqtvorswdpmqvvgesp4 98686 98685 2026-05-28T12:24:19Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den [[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" ![[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat River]] | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * [[:en:Akobo_River|Akobo]] * [[:en:Agwei_River|Agwei]] * [[:en:Abara_River|Abara]] * [[:en:Kongkong_River|Kongkong]] * [[:en:Kangen_River|Kangen]] * [[:en:Lotilla_River|Lotilla]] * [[:en:Veveno_River|Veveno]] |- ![[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] | * [[:en:Bahr_al-Arab|Bahr al-Arab]] * [[:en:Lol_River|Lol]] * [[:en:Sopo_River|Sopo]] * [[:en:Kuru_River|Kuru]] * [[:en:Pongo_River_(South_Sudan)|Pongo]] * [[:en:Adda_River_(South_Sudan)|Adda]] * [[:en:Tonj_River|Tonj]] * [[:en:Jur_River|Jur]] * [[:en:Wau_River|Wau]] |- !Other | * [[:en:Adar_River|Adar]] * [[:en:Achwa_River|Aswa]] * [[:en:Bahr_el_Zeraf|Bahr el Zeraf]] * [[:en:Daga_River_(South_Sudan)|Daga]] * [[:en:Yabus_River|Yabus]] |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * [[:en:Koss_River|Koss]] * [[:en:Kibish_River|Kibish]] * Kidepo * Medikiret |} 3aj8ull54vbbibyg3v4uf18h885fang 98687 98686 2026-05-28T12:24:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == ==== Headwaters ==== [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|List of rivers of South Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den [[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:List_of_rivers_of_South_Sudan|Rivers]] of [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] |- !White Nile | {| class="wikitable" ![[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat River]] | * [[:en:Baro_River|Baro]] * [[:en:Jikawo_River|Jikawo]] * [[:en:Pibor_River|Pibor]] * [[:en:Akobo_River|Akobo]] * [[:en:Agwei_River|Agwei]] * [[:en:Abara_River|Abara]] * [[:en:Kongkong_River|Kongkong]] * [[:en:Kangen_River|Kangen]] * [[:en:Lotilla_River|Lotilla]] * [[:en:Veveno_River|Veveno]] |- ![[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] | * [[:en:Bahr_al-Arab|Bahr al-Arab]] * [[:en:Lol_River|Lol]] * [[:en:Sopo_River|Sopo]] * [[:en:Kuru_River|Kuru]] * [[:en:Pongo_River_(South_Sudan)|Pongo]] * [[:en:Adda_River_(South_Sudan)|Adda]] * [[:en:Tonj_River|Tonj]] * [[:en:Jur_River|Jur]] * [[:en:Wau_River|Wau]] |- !Other | * [[:en:Adar_River|Adar]] * [[:en:Achwa_River|Aswa]] * [[:en:Bahr_el_Zeraf|Bahr el Zeraf]] * [[:en:Daga_River_(South_Sudan)|Daga]] * [[:en:Yabus_River|Yabus]] |} |- !Marshes, endorheic basin | * [[:en:Koss_River|Koss]] * [[:en:Kibish_River|Kibish]] * [[:en:Kidepo_River|Kidepo]] * [[:en:Medikiret_River|Medikiret]] |} 07ct0x3rqvu7gqoic8wgj1to1kbnluu 98708 98687 2026-05-28T23:04:08Z DaSupremo 9 Removed links to EnWiki 98708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == === Headwaters === [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment|date=9 June 2022}} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes for trucks/loader top cranes den [[:en:Pallet|pallets]] fi increase efficiency) dn6j5ttq3lhj21d0gh5lr3w01mh2zb1 98709 98708 2026-05-28T23:10:20Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''White Nile''' (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major [[:en:Tributary|tributaries]] of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]], de larger being de [[Blue Nile]].<ref name="handle2012">{{Citation |last1=Elsanabary |first1=Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa |title=Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin |year=2012 |location=[[Canada]] |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |doi=10.7939/R3377641M |hdl=10402/era.28151}}</ref> De name "White" dey come from de clay [[:en:Sediment|sediment]] wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 |title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12 |date=1867 |page=362 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124542/https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA362&q=clay |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at [[:en:Lake_No|Lake No]], at de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de Bahr al Jabal den [[:en:Bahr_el_Ghazal_River|Bahr el Ghazal]] Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], then de "Albert Nile" to de [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Henri J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 |title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402097263 |pages=344–345 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114516/https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&pg=PA345&q=Kyoga |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.<ref name="abc-clio">{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=James R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 |title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook |date=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576070420 |page=299 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114518/https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA299&q=Luvironza |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:White and Blue Nile-en.svg|thumb|A map wey dey show de White Nile den de [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] for East Africa insyd.]] == Course == === Headwaters === [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]]]]De [[:en:Kagera_River|Kagera River]], wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of [[:en:Bukoba|Bukoba]], be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de [[:en:Nile|Nile]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either de[[:en:Ruvyironza_River|Ruvyironza]], wey dey emerge for de [[:en:Bururi_Province|Bururi Province]], Burundi insyd<ref>{{cite web |title=Nile River |url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=5 February 2011}}</ref> (near Bukirasaz), anaa de [[:en:Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], wey dey flow from [[:en:Nyungwe_Forest|Nyungwe Forest]] for Rwanda insyd.<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|access-date=4 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|archive-date=1 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near [[:en:Rusumo_Falls|Rusumo Falls]] for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem [[:en:Waterfall|waterfalls]] give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into [[:en:Ngara|Ngara]], Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de [[:en:United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria. ==== For Uganda insyd ==== [[File:Flipping raft in Bujagali falls, Uganda.jpg|thumb|Rafters wey dey flip for [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile]]De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan. ==== Victoria Nile ==== [[File:Victoria Nile River, Uganda (15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja, Uganda]], for de northern shore of de lake top.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche |first1=J.-P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 |title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1 |last2=Bernacsek |first2=G. M. |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |page=291 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> Downstream from de [[:en:Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Nalubaale Power Station]] den de [[:en:Kiira_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Kiira Power Station]] at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova [[:en:Bujagali_Falls|Bujagali Falls]] (de location of de [[:en:Bujagali_Hydroelectric_Power_Station|Bujagali Power Station]]) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert. At [[:en:Karuma_Falls|Karuma Falls]], de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge ({{coord|2|14|45.40|N|32|15|9.05|E|type:landmark}}) at de southeastern corner of [[:en:Murchison_Falls_National_Park|Murchison Falls National Park]]. During much of de insurgency of de [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]], Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Hereward |date=8 May 2009 |title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> De [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank]] approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wacha |first=Joe |date=29 October 2011 |title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project |url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online}}</ref> Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]], wey dey mark ein entry into de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|western branch]] of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]] for de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] insyd. De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law |date=1980 |publisher=M.K. Nawaz |page=398 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152340/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Albert Nile ==== [[File:A track and pedestrians cross the Albert Nile bridge in Northern Uganda.jpg|thumb|Bridge for Albert Nile top]]Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile sub-region]] of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for [[:en:Nebbi_District|Nebbi District]] insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between [[:en:Adjumani|Adjumani]] den [[:en:Moyo_Town|Moyo]], den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe. ==== For South Sudan den Sudan ==== [[File:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum]]From de point wey de river dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile. ==== Mountain Nile ==== [[File:White Nile River (30741802592).jpg|thumb|De white Nile Uganda]]From [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}}), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".<ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river</ref><ref name="EB">[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund]]; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Nile|"Nile"]]&#x20;. ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol.&#x20;19 (11th&#x20;ed.). pp.&#x20;692–699.</ref> De Southern Sudanese state of [[:en:Central_Equatoria|Central Equatoria]] thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as ''Bahr al-Jabal'' until 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2006 |title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de [[:en:Sudd|Sudd]]. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de [[:en:Fula_Rapids|Fula (Fola) Rapids]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org |url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain |archive-date=21 October 2020 |access-date=2020-08-20 |website=www.waterbodies.org |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|De White den Blue Niles dey merge at [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]], de capital of [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]].]] ==== White Nile proper ==== To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.<ref name="Parsons" /> De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de [[:en:Sobat_River|Sobat]] dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.<ref name="Shahin">{{cite book |last1=Shahin |first1=Mamdouh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin |date=1985 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444424334 |page=40 |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC |archive-date=5 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of [[:en:Sediment|sediment]], wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sobat River |url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 |access-date=21 January 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=Online Library}}</ref> From South Sudan ein second city [[:en:Malakal|Malakal]], de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie [[:en:Kodok|Kodok]], de site of de 1898 [[:en:Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] dat mark an end to de [[:en:Scramble_for_Africa|Scramble for Africa.]] For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of [[:en:White_Nile_(state)|White Nile]], before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile. == Inland waterways == De White Nile be navigable [[:en:Waterway|waterway]] from de Lake Albert to [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] thru [[:en:Jebel_Aulia_Dam|Jebel Aulia Dam]], only between [[:en:Juba|Juba]] den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable. During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to [[:en:Gambela_(city)|Gambela, Ethiopia]], den [[:en:Wau,_South_Sudan|Wau, South Sudan]]. == References == <references /> == External links == {{commons}} * [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609034353/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment |date=9 June 2022 }} * [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes on trucks/loader cranes and [[pallet]]s can increase efficiency) {{Authority control}} [[Category:White Nile| ]] [[Category:Nile]] [[Category:Nile basin]] [[Category:Tributaries of de Nile]] [[Category:Rivers of Sudan]] [[Category:Rivers of South Sudan]] [[Category:Rivers of Uganda]] [[Category:Lake Albert (Africa)]] [[Category:Lake Victoria]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] fmlaa0ia24pet1lfvu2yln373h04nod 0 27007 98692 2026-05-28T22:01:54Z Ibnali1 62 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352587864|Gulf of Guinea]]" 98692 wikitext text/x-wiki   De '''Gulf of Guinea''' (French: ''Golfe de Guinée''; Spanish: ''Golfo de Guinea''; Portuguese: ''Golfo da Guiné'') be de northeasternmost part of de tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez insyd [[Gabon]], north den west to Cape Palmas insyd [[Liberia]].<ref name="iho">{{Cite web |year=2002 |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, Draft 4th Edition: North Atlantic Ocean and its Sub-Divisions |url=https://www.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/S-23WG/S-23WG_Misc/Draft_2002/S-23_Draft_2002_NORTH_ATLANTIC.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035046/http://www.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/S-23WG/S-23WG_Misc/Draft_2002/S-23_Draft_2002_NORTH_ATLANTIC.doc |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 April 2017 |publisher=International Hydrographic Organization}}</ref> Null Island, dem define as de intersection of de Equator den Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude den longitude), dey insyd de gulf.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Matt |date=30 January 2020 |title=Where Do the Prime Meridian and the Equator Intersect? |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/prime-meridian-and-the-equator-intersect-4070819 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=ThoughtCo}}</ref> Among de chaw rivers wey drain into de Gulf of Guinea be de Niger den de Volta. De coastline on de gulf dey include de Bight of Benin den de Bight of Bonny. == Name == Dem think "Guinea" originate from a local name for an area insyd de region, although de specifics be disputed. Bovill (1995) dey give a thorough description:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hale |first=Thomas A. |title=From the Griot of Roots to the Roots of Griot: A New Look at the Origins of a Controversial African Term for Bard |url=http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/12ii/2_Hale.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202101752/http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/12ii/2_Hale.pdf |archive-date=2017-12-02 |access-date=2008-03-26 |website=Oral Tradition}}</ref> De name "Guinea" sanso previously be applied to de south coast of [[West Africa]] (north of de Gulf of Guinea), wich cam be known as "Upper Guinea", den to de west coast of Southern Africa (to de east), wich cam be known as "Lower Guinea". Today, de word "Guinea" be found insyd de names of three countries insyd Africa ([[Guinea]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], den [[Equatorial Guinea]]), den insyd one country insyd Melanesia (Papua New Guinea). == Geography == De main river wey dey dispense ein waters insyd de gulf be de Niger River. Dem dey give different definitions of de geographic limits of de Gulf of Guinea; de International Hydrographic Organization dey define de southwest extent of de Gulf of Guinea as "B line from Cap Lopez (0°37′S 8°43′E / 0.617°S 8.717°E / -0.617; 8.717), insyd Gabon, northwestward to Ihléu Gago Coutinho (Ilhéu das Rôlas) (0°01′S 6°32′E / 0.017°S 6.533°E / -0.017; 6.533); den thence a line from Ihléu Gago Coutinho northwestward to Cape Palmas (4°22′N 7°44′W / 4.367°N 7.733°W / 4.367; -7.733), insyd Liberia.<ref name="iho">{{Cite web |year=2002 |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, Draft 4th Edition: North Atlantic Ocean and its Sub-Divisions |url=https://www.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/S-23WG/S-23WG_Misc/Draft_2002/S-23_Draft_2002_NORTH_ATLANTIC.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035046/http://www.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/S-23WG/S-23WG_Misc/Draft_2002/S-23_Draft_2002_NORTH_ATLANTIC.doc |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 April 2017 |publisher=International Hydrographic Organization}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035046/http://www.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/S-23WG/S-23WG_Misc/Draft_2002/S-23_Draft_2002_NORTH_ATLANTIC.doc "Limits of Oceans and Seas, Draft 4th Edition: North Atlantic Ocean and its Sub-Divisions"]. International Hydrographic Organization. 2002. Archived from [https://www.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/S-23WG/S-23WG_Misc/Draft_2002/S-23_Draft_2002_NORTH_ATLANTIC.doc the original] on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><gallery heights="250" mode="packed"> File:Carte_du_golfe_de_Guinée-18e_s..jpg|Old French map of de Gulf of Guinea File:Limites_du_golfe_de_Guinée-fr.svg|Different limits of de Gulf of Guinea File:Gulf_of_Guinea_5.24136E_2.58756N.jpg|Satellite imagery of de Gulf of Guinea wey dey show borders of states on ein shores </gallery> === Islands insyd de Gulf of Guinea === De Gulf of Guinea dey contain a number of islands, de largest of wich dey insyd a southwest-northeast chain, wey dey form part of de Cameroon line of volcanoes. * Annobón, dem sanso know as Pagalu anaa Pigalua, be an island wey be part of [[Equatorial Guinea]]. * Bobowasi Island be an island off de west coast of Africa insyd de Gulf of Guinea wey be part of de [[Western Region (Ghana)|Western Region]] of Ghana. * Bioko be an island off de Ambazonian region of Cameroon insyd de Gulf of Guinea under de sovereignty of Equatorial Guinea. * Corisco be an island wey dey belong to Equatorial Guinea, as be de two small islands of Elobey Grande den Elobey Chico. == References == kyzctg4l2qx5ldvrhs479cdxhejsp9u 98718 98692 2026-05-28T23:25:57Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 98718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gulf of Guinea''' (French: ''Golfe de Guinée''; Spanish: ''Golfo de Guinea''; Portuguese: ''Golfo da Guiné'') be de northeasternmost part of de tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez insyd [[Gabon]], north den west to Cape Palmas insyd [[Liberia]].<ref name="iho2">{{cite web |year=2002 |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, Draft 4th Edition: North Atlantic Ocean and its Sub-Divisions |url=https://www.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/S-23WG/S-23WG_Misc/Draft_2002/S-23_Draft_2002_NORTH_ATLANTIC.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035046/http://www.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/S-23WG/S-23WG_Misc/Draft_2002/S-23_Draft_2002_NORTH_ATLANTIC.doc |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 April 2017 |publisher=International Hydrographic Organization}}</ref> Null Island, dem define as de intersection of de Equator den Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude den longitude), dey insyd de gulf.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Matt |date=30 January 2020 |title=Where Do the Prime Meridian and the Equator Intersect? |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/prime-meridian-and-the-equator-intersect-4070819 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=ThoughtCo}}</ref> Among de chaw rivers wey drain into de Gulf of Guinea be de Niger den de Volta. De coastline on de gulf dey include de Bight of Benin den de Bight of Bonny. == Name == Dem think "Guinea" originate from a local name for an area insyd de region, although de specifics be disputed. Bovill (1995) dey give a thorough description:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hale |first=Thomas A. |title=From the Griot of Roots to the Roots of Griot: A New Look at the Origins of a Controversial African Term for Bard |url=http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/12ii/2_Hale.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202101752/http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/12ii/2_Hale.pdf |archive-date=2017-12-02 |access-date=2008-03-26 |website=Oral Tradition}}</ref> De name "Guinea" sanso previously be applied to de south coast of [[West Africa]] (north of de Gulf of Guinea), wich cam be known as "Upper Guinea", den to de west coast of Southern Africa (to de east), wich cam be known as "Lower Guinea". Today, de word "Guinea" be found insyd de names of three countries insyd Africa ([[Guinea]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], den [[Equatorial Guinea]]), den insyd one country insyd Melanesia (Papua New Guinea). == Geography == De main river wey dey dispense ein waters insyd de gulf be de Niger River. Dem dey give different definitions of de geographic limits of de Gulf of Guinea; de International Hydrographic Organization dey define de southwest extent of de Gulf of Guinea as "B line from Cap Lopez (0°37′S 8°43′E / 0.617°S 8.717°E / -0.617; 8.717), insyd Gabon, northwestward to Ihléu Gago Coutinho (Ilhéu das Rôlas) (0°01′S 6°32′E / 0.017°S 6.533°E / -0.017; 6.533); den thence a line from Ihléu Gago Coutinho northwestward to Cape Palmas (4°22′N 7°44′W / 4.367°N 7.733°W / 4.367; -7.733), insyd Liberia.<ref name="iho2" /><gallery heights="250" mode="packed"> File:Carte_du_golfe_de_Guinée-18e_s..jpg|Old French map of de Gulf of Guinea File:Limites_du_golfe_de_Guinée-fr.svg|Different limits of de Gulf of Guinea File:Gulf_of_Guinea_5.24136E_2.58756N.jpg|Satellite imagery of de Gulf of Guinea wey dey show borders of states on ein shores </gallery> === Islands insyd de Gulf of Guinea === De Gulf of Guinea dey contain a number of islands, de largest of wich dey insyd a southwest-northeast chain, wey dey form part of de Cameroon line of volcanoes. * Annobón, dem sanso know as Pagalu anaa Pigalua, be an island wey be part of [[Equatorial Guinea]]. * Bobowasi Island be an island off de west coast of Africa insyd de Gulf of Guinea wey be part of de [[Western Region (Ghana)|Western Region]] of Ghana. * Bioko be an island off de Ambazonian region of Cameroon insyd de Gulf of Guinea under de sovereignty of Equatorial Guinea. * Corisco be an island wey dey belong to Equatorial Guinea, as be de two small islands of Elobey Grande den Elobey Chico. == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [http://cggrps.org/en/the-gulf-of-guinea-commission/ The Gulf of Guinea Commission – CGG – GGC] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923235418/http://cggrps.org/en/the-gulf-of-guinea-commission/ |date=2018-09-23 }}) {{Authority control}} [[Category:Gulf of Guinea| ]] [[Category:Bodies of water of Benin]] [[Category:Bodies of water of Cameroon]] [[Category:Bodies of water of Equatorial Guinea]] [[Category:Bodies of water of Gabon]] [[Category:Bodies of water of Ghana]] [[Category:Bodies of water of Nigeria]] [[Category:Bodies of water of Togo]] [[Category:Gulfs of Africa|Guinea]] [[Category:Gulfs of de Atlantic Ocean|Guinea]] [[Category:Tropical Atlantic]] eoa4nnipmq2ub33el20wsixrhe2sniy 0 27008 98693 2026-05-28T22:04:42Z Ibnali1 62 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330538461|White Volta]]" 98693 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''White Volta''' anaa '''Nakambé''' (French: ''Volta blanche'') be de headstream of de Volta River, [[Ghana]] ein main waterway.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web |title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes |url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm |access-date=2017-08-17 |website=www.countrystudies.us}}</ref><ref name="amisigo">{{Cite book |last=Amisigo |first=Barnabas Akurigo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> De White Volta dey emerge insyd northern [[Burkina Faso]], den dey flow thru Northern Ghana den dey empty into [[Lake Volta]] insyd Ghana.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /> De White Volta ein main tributaries be de Black Volta den de Red Volta.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes" /> == Impact == De White Volta be a major source of drinking water give chaw communities along ein banks den further away from de water channel. E sanso dey cause seasonal flooding to chaw of de communities along ein banks. == References == [[Category:Rivers insyd Ghana]] h4xfk175mxljzrt5m9d8ky51xc8worx 0 27009 98694 2026-05-28T22:05:42Z Ibnali1 62 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330420463|Volta River]]" 98694 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Volta River''' (Akan: ''Asuo Firaw'', Ewe: ''Amuga'', French: ''Fleuve Volta'') be de main river system insyd de [[West Africa|West African]] country of [[Ghana]]. E dey flow south into Ghana from de Bobo-Dioulasso highlands of [[Burkina Faso]]. De three main parts of de river be de Black Volta, de White Volta, den de Red Volta. Insyd de northwest, de Black Volta dey form de international borders of de [[Ivory Coast]], Ghana, den Burkina Faso. De Volta dey flow southward along de Akwapim-Togoland highlands, den dey empty into de Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of Guinea at Ada Foah. One of ein smaller tributaries, de Oti River, dey enter Ghana from [[Togo]] insyd de east. Dem dam de Volta River at Akosombo for generating hydroelectricity. Dem name de reservoir [[Lake Volta]] dey stretch from [[Akosombo Dam]] insyd de south to de northern part of de country, wey e be de largest man-made reservoir by area insyd de world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2002 |title=Lake Volta, Ghana |url=https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=58197 |access-date=7 March 2018 |website=Visible Earth |publisher=NASA}}</ref> Na de country of [[Burkina Faso]] formerly be called Upper Volta, after de river. [[File:Ada,_Volta_River.jpg|thumb|Ada, Volta River]] == De reservoir == Lake Volta be a reservoir wey de [[Akosombo Dam]] impound on de lower Volta River insyd southern Ghana. E be one of de largest reservoirs insyd de world. E dey extend from de Akosombo Dam insyd southeastern Ghana to de town of Yapei insyd de Central Gonja District, [[Northern Region (Ghana)|Northern Region of Ghana]], sam 400 kilometres (250 mi) to de north. De dam ein [[Power station|power plant]] dey generate electricity give tde [[Volta River Authority]], wey de reservoir sanso dey provide water transport routes. E be a resource give irrigation den fish farming. De depth of de river be about 45 feet (14 m) below Lake Volta. De Adome Bridge dey cross de Volta River just below de Akosombo Dam. == History == De Akwamu people wey once build a kingdom on both de east den west banks of de river wey dey span present day [[Ghana]], [[Togo]] den [[Benin]] bell am '''Firaw'''. Dem get a deity dem dedicate to de river dem name ''Mfodwo''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wissing |first=Kirsty |date=November 2019 |title=Assistance and resistance of (hydro-)power: Contested relationships of control over the Volta River, Ghana |journal=Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=1167, 1169 |doi=10.1177/0263774x18807482}}</ref> De Portuguese gold traders insyd Ghana name de Volta River. Na e be dema furthest extent of exploration before dem return (''volta'' be Portuguese give "twist" anaa "turn").<ref name="Volta - etymology" /> Na e be known as de ''"River of return"'' (perhaps secof na e be wer ships turn around den head for home) anaa "river of de bend", in reference to ein curved course.<ref name="Volta - etymology">{{Cite web |title=volta {{!}} Search Online Etymology Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=Volta |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.etymonline.com}}</ref><ref name="Bakewell">{{Cite book |last=Wilks |first=Ivor |title=Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas |date=1997 |publisher=Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited |editor-last=Bakewell |editor-first=Peter |location=Aldershot |page=15 |chapter=Wangara, Akan, and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries}}</ref> == Sanso spy == * [[Akosombo Dam|Impacts of the Akosombo Hydroelectric Project]] — environmental and human health issues from the Akosombo Dam and Lake Volta. == References == == External links == [[Category:Rivers insyd Ghana]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] ei3yosoh5n9z116vuyen3fekjok3c83 0 27010 98695 2026-05-28T22:09:44Z Ibnali1 62 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1275590335|Oti River]]" 98695 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Oti River''' anaa '''Pendjari River''' (French: ''Rivière Pendjari'') be an international river insyd [[West Africa]]. E dey rise insyd [[Benin]], dey form de border between Benin den [[Burkina Faso]], dey flow thru [[Togo]], den dey join de Volta River insyd [[Ghana]]. == Geography == De Oti River be about 520 km (323 mi) long. Ein headwaters be insyd Benin den Burkina Faso, e dey flow thru Benin den Togo den dey join de Volta River insyd Ghana. Tributaries on de left bank insyd Togo dey originate from de Togo Mountains to de south. One of ein eastern tributaries be de Kara River, de confluence be on de Ghana–Togo border, wer anoda tributary, de Koumongou River, dey join from de south. Na de mouth of de Oti formerly be on de Volta River, buh e now dey flow into [[Lake Volta]] reservoir insyd Ghana.<ref name="Atlas">{{Cite book |last=Philip's |title=Atlas of the World |publisher=Reed International |year=1994 |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=101}}</ref> De river dey cross de northern part of Togo insyd a savannah-clad valley sam 40 anaa 50 km (25 anaa 31 mi) wide. Along de margins of de river be gallery forest wich dey flood periodically. De dry season hie dey last from about November til April, wey de hot dry Harmattan wind dey blow from de north. At dis time of de year de river ein flow be minimal. Both de Oti den de Koumongou get floodplains, sam 10 den 4 km (6.2 den 2.5 mi) wide, respectively. Dese dey flood extensively during de wet season, buh during de dry season dem cam be dry, dusty plains, plus de occasional pond anaa lake insyd a depression. Cattle dey graze on de floodplains during de dry season. Der sanso be sam small-scale growing of crops, den de hunting of game dey take place der.<ref name="Hughes">{{Cite book |last=Hughes, R.H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |title=A Directory of African Wetlands |publisher=IUCN |year=1992 |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> === International borders === De river dey form part of de international borders between [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]], den [[Benin]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web |title=Ghana - Rivers and Lakes |url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm |access-date=2017-08-17 |website=www.countrystudies.us}}</ref> === Parks === De Oti River dey flow thru Pendjari National Park insyd Benin<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parc National de la Pendjari |url=http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |archive-date=14 July 2017 |access-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> den de Oti-Kéran National Park insyd Togo.<ref name="Hughes">{{Cite book |last=Hughes, R.H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |title=A Directory of African Wetlands |publisher=IUCN |year=1992 |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Rivers insyd Ghana]] nfen8mmln067s3567fipe9pdht405os 14 27011 98702 2026-05-28T22:50:50Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98702 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27012 98703 2026-05-28T22:51:05Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98703 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27013 98704 2026-05-28T22:51:18Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98704 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27014 98705 2026-05-28T22:51:33Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98705 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27015 98706 2026-05-28T22:51:46Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98706 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27016 98707 2026-05-28T22:52:50Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98707 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27017 98710 2026-05-28T23:11:13Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98710 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27018 98711 2026-05-28T23:11:36Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98711 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27019 98712 2026-05-28T23:12:23Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98712 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27020 98713 2026-05-28T23:14:06Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98713 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27021 98714 2026-05-28T23:14:20Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98714 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27022 98715 2026-05-28T23:14:34Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98715 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27023 98716 2026-05-28T23:14:47Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98716 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27024 98717 2026-05-28T23:14:59Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98717 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27025 98719 2026-05-28T23:28:31Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98719 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 27026 98720 2026-05-28T23:28:36Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98720 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. i8iuzs4lzypod3vm5q72aeyf946dfxf 98723 98720 2026-05-28T23:30:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98723 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. rabsqe5y990onq6a7v2oeuto85pol49 98725 98723 2026-05-28T23:31:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98725 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). qkqr2zms9hydkpeb2rk3hlokzlj2y8g 98726 98725 2026-05-28T23:33:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98726 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. e9nj95u8z9jtwollb313cek4xp01ruj 98727 98726 2026-05-28T23:34:00Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98727 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. kuaiaisjprqbv023sb2eo6zz4pweuyj 98728 98727 2026-05-28T23:37:31Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. hrukerksjt24e4kdtankuu6ys6yhmpp 98729 98728 2026-05-28T23:40:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. 9n85hmsq23r4id2d12884vs9d2y32yw 98730 98729 2026-05-28T23:41:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. gxdahbkow3uncnk46yhw772l5p4xwdi 98731 98730 2026-05-28T23:41:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. awm4nex1vf457q5xn3b1834nj1bei5m 98732 98731 2026-05-28T23:42:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. jmkydt2rci993x8q14jfdbwg6lxajqc 98733 98732 2026-05-28T23:49:12Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας). ngmhtz6cvd6pcsdw03wag6p503pxj1a 98734 98733 2026-05-28T23:50:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> 1y2c7gqusvbk7vjf9p1cyov1yusuamp 98735 98734 2026-05-28T23:50:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> == References == h9y1oe7foglcqpg79fcse1q54fmep1q 98736 98735 2026-05-29T00:07:52Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας), den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7). == References == 3kir60q84dqd7d7u3s0gf33kq78j7x3 98737 98736 2026-05-29T00:08:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας), den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7). [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water", while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]], den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd). == References == lkjtoe3kedwv396d7dmquyy9zcfq0n5 98738 98737 2026-05-29T00:09:34Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας), den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7). [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water", while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]], den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd). [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). == References == 7fqqwnt22pdjqm17sp4lv721fs3if17 98739 98738 2026-05-29T00:10:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας), den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7). [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water", while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]], den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd). [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major battle beside de river during de Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899 between Mahdist forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of Lord Kitchener, wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd. == References == pe7v7k4lglisbhm3s95y2prkjc8u8ap 98740 98739 2026-05-29T00:10:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7). [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water", while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]], den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd). [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major battle beside de river during de Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899 between Mahdist forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of Lord Kitchener, wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd. == References == hxca14f8um3ppm07t5z53ubh9hxgm3j 98741 98740 2026-05-29T00:11:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7). [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water", while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]], den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major battle beside de river during de Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899 between Mahdist forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of Lord Kitchener, wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd. == References == g5yxq3hryxq102a7rwcus3hcdyjv9a9 98742 98741 2026-05-29T00:11:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7). [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]], den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major battle beside de river during de Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899 between Mahdist forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of Lord Kitchener, wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd. == References == spo640t2bo3ktmb62oc612keehswkes 98743 98742 2026-05-29T00:12:16Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]], den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major battle beside de river during de Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899 between Mahdist forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of Lord Kitchener, wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd. == References == 1bi52w52fza39rtirwpu2pn3u64u3gm 98744 98743 2026-05-29T00:13:04Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major battle beside de river during de Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899 between Mahdist forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of Lord Kitchener, wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd. == References == jtzkmxfalmx47usu0fv3tc3lbqichgd 98745 98744 2026-05-29T00:13:34Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899 between Mahdist forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of Lord Kitchener, wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd. == References == atu9uzqo2fhm5bprwwigudwnp09zxa5 98746 98745 2026-05-29T00:14:26Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between Mahdist forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of Lord Kitchener, wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd. == References == mlza6xksqm033emb53paqyinq39n307 98747 98746 2026-05-29T00:15:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd. == References == 3xlkz7usc2uckrbto2w4u3tmxr229kh 98748 98747 2026-05-29T00:15:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> == References == acq1q2hrtlsb692305sh216dokr3ro1 98749 98748 2026-05-29T00:16:46Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]] == References == 897vekk6i08bjerhtkedt9d1m4n49u6 98750 98749 2026-05-29T00:22:02Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd. == References == du6gwzog37occ5co3ivc9umkdcdc2yu 98751 98750 2026-05-29T00:22:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == References == f5uuvdlf13eeejmrqzp4q3zjw2wvozy 98752 98751 2026-05-29T00:27:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Construction for a $1.9 billion twin dam project about 20&#x20;km upstream from de confluence of de Upper Atbara den Setit rivers, de [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|Rumela]] [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|den Burdana dams]], wey begin for 2011 insyd den Presido [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] inaugurate am for February 2017 insyd. == References == ldpj5umuk9q4ljcvn1w2c7usow6fypx 98753 98752 2026-05-29T00:28:07Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Construction for a $1.9 billion twin dam project about 20&#x20;km upstream from de confluence of de Upper Atbara den Setit rivers, de [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|Rumela]] [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|den Burdana dams]], wey begin for 2011 insyd den Presido [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] inaugurate am for February 2017 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gregory B. Poindexter |date=2 February 2017 |title=Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/02/sudan-inaugurates-us-1-9-billion-upper-atbara-and-setit-dam-hydropower-project.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=HydroWorld}}</ref> == References == 1pkvhriwp0uxc94xgww83h7zhikk42k 98754 98753 2026-05-29T00:29:13Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Construction for a $1.9 billion twin dam project about 20&#x20;km upstream from de confluence of de Upper Atbara den Setit rivers, de [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|Rumela]] [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|den Burdana dams]], wey begin for 2011 insyd den Presido [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] inaugurate am for February 2017 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gregory B. Poindexter |date=2 February 2017 |title=Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/02/sudan-inaugurates-us-1-9-billion-upper-atbara-and-setit-dam-hydropower-project.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=HydroWorld}}</ref> == Hydrology == <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == References == map8wi4s7skti4asre5em10zrpxthud 98755 98754 2026-05-29T00:30:36Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Construction for a $1.9 billion twin dam project about 20&#x20;km upstream from de confluence of de Upper Atbara den Setit rivers, de [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|Rumela]] [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|den Burdana dams]], wey begin for 2011 insyd den Presido [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] inaugurate am for February 2017 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gregory B. Poindexter |date=2 February 2017 |title=Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/02/sudan-inaugurates-us-1-9-billion-upper-atbara-and-setit-dam-hydropower-project.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=HydroWorld}}</ref> == Hydrology == Average monthly flow (1912&#x2013;1982) of de Atbarah wey dem measure approximately 25&#x20;km upstream of ein mouth, dem measure am for m³/s insyd:<timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == References == ld8jq4fnegyj2ex22rwz46gpzzm0cmp 98756 98755 2026-05-29T00:30:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Construction for a $1.9 billion twin dam project about 20&#x20;km upstream from de confluence of de Upper Atbara den Setit rivers, de [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|Rumela]] [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|den Burdana dams]], wey begin for 2011 insyd den Presido [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] inaugurate am for February 2017 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gregory B. Poindexter |date=2 February 2017 |title=Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/02/sudan-inaugurates-us-1-9-billion-upper-atbara-and-setit-dam-hydropower-project.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=HydroWorld}}</ref> == Hydrology == Average monthly flow (1912&#x2013;1982) of de Atbarah wey dem measure approximately 25&#x20;km upstream of ein mouth, dem measure am for m³/s insyd:<ref>{{cite web |date=2000-02-26 |title=Nile - Kilo 3 |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1664100.html |publisher=University of New Hampshire}}</ref><timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == References == 5vk9p834lhi7oeo74o07guowoux3lai 98757 98756 2026-05-29T00:31:56Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Construction for a $1.9 billion twin dam project about 20&#x20;km upstream from de confluence of de Upper Atbara den Setit rivers, de [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|Rumela]] [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|den Burdana dams]], wey begin for 2011 insyd den Presido [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] inaugurate am for February 2017 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gregory B. Poindexter |date=2 February 2017 |title=Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/02/sudan-inaugurates-us-1-9-billion-upper-atbara-and-setit-dam-hydropower-project.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=HydroWorld}}</ref> == Hydrology == Average monthly flow (1912&#x2013;1982) of de Atbarah wey dem measure approximately 25&#x20;km upstream of ein mouth, dem measure am for m³/s insyd:<ref>{{cite web |date=2000-02-26 |title=Nile - Kilo 3 |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1664100.html |publisher=University of New Hampshire}}</ref><timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Make you sanso see == == References == tu7rc8krbbsf3ftnq2tmejnjh8skjq0 98758 98757 2026-05-29T00:32:12Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Construction for a $1.9 billion twin dam project about 20&#x20;km upstream from de confluence of de Upper Atbara den Setit rivers, de [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|Rumela]] [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|den Burdana dams]], wey begin for 2011 insyd den Presido [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] inaugurate am for February 2017 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gregory B. Poindexter |date=2 February 2017 |title=Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/02/sudan-inaugurates-us-1-9-billion-upper-atbara-and-setit-dam-hydropower-project.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=HydroWorld}}</ref> == Hydrology == Average monthly flow (1912&#x2013;1982) of de Atbarah wey dem measure approximately 25&#x20;km upstream of ein mouth, dem measure am for m³/s insyd:<ref>{{cite web |date=2000-02-26 |title=Nile - Kilo 3 |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1664100.html |publisher=University of New Hampshire}}</ref><timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Ethiopia|List of rivers of Ethiopia]] == References == ttgzj7nsxaclni6854fie9dmb15t0m7 98759 98758 2026-05-29T00:32:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Construction for a $1.9 billion twin dam project about 20&#x20;km upstream from de confluence of de Upper Atbara den Setit rivers, de [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|Rumela]] [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|den Burdana dams]], wey begin for 2011 insyd den Presido [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] inaugurate am for February 2017 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gregory B. Poindexter |date=2 February 2017 |title=Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/02/sudan-inaugurates-us-1-9-billion-upper-atbara-and-setit-dam-hydropower-project.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=HydroWorld}}</ref> == Hydrology == Average monthly flow (1912&#x2013;1982) of de Atbarah wey dem measure approximately 25&#x20;km upstream of ein mouth, dem measure am for m³/s insyd:<ref>{{cite web |date=2000-02-26 |title=Nile - Kilo 3 |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1664100.html |publisher=University of New Hampshire}}</ref><timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Ethiopia|List of rivers of Ethiopia]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] == References == 9pgv4e8sahzx2t3d2smh61m1dzg38ny 98760 98759 2026-05-29T00:33:35Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Atbarah River''' (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; [[:en:Arabic_transliteration|transliterated]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), dem sanso refer am as de '''Red Nile''' den / anaa '''Black Nile''', be river for northeast [[:en:Africa|Africa]] insyd. E dey rise for northwest [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] insyd, approximately 50&nbsp;km north of [[:en:Lake_Tana|Lake Tana]] den 30&nbsp;km west of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. E then dey flow about 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]] for north-central [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] insyd, wey e join am at de city of [[:en:Atbarah|Atbarah]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). De river ein [[:en:Tributary|tributary]], de [[:en:Tekezé_River|Tekezé (Setit) River]], perhaps be de true upper course of de Atbarah, as de Tekezé dey follow de longer course prior to de [[:en:Confluence|confluence]] of de two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) for northeastern Sudan insyd. De Atbarah ne de last tributary of de Nile before e dey reach de [[:en:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]]. For much of de year, e be little more dan a stream. Howeva, during de rainy season (generally July to October), de Atbarah dey rise sam 18&#x20;ft (5 m) above ein normal level. At dis time, e dey form a formidable barrier between de northern den central districts of de [[:en:Amhara_Region|Amhara Region]] of Ethiopia. Besides de Tekezé, oda important tributaries of de Atbarah dey include de [[:en:Shinfa_River|Shinfa River]] wey dey rise west of Lake Tana, den de [[:en:Greater_Angereb_River|Greater Angereb]] wey get ein source north of de city of [[:en:Gondar|Gondar]]. == History == De earliest surviving mention of de Atbarah be by [[:en:Strabo|Strabo]] (16.4.8), wey bell de river ''Astaboras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβόρας).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Oda ancient authors wey dey mention de name dey include [[:en:Agatharchides|Agatharchides]], wey bell am ''Astabaras'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Ασταβάρας),<ref name="rilly" /> den [[:en:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] ([[:en:Geography_(Ptolemy)|Geography]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |access-date=2013-12-10 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> [[:en:Richard_Pankhurst_(academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] den odas argue say dem go fi understand de name as "River of de Boras people", wey dem fi relate ''asta'' to Proto-[[:en:Nubian_languages|Nubian]] ''asti'' "water",<ref name="rilly" /> while dem fi link ''-boras'' to a number of Roman allusions to a tribe wey dem bell am de Bora (Bera), wey live near [[:en:Meroe|Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> den anoda tribe wey dem name'em ''Megabares'' ([[:en:Greek_language|Greek]]: Μεγάβαροι for Eratosthenes den Strabo insyd, [[:en:Latin_language|Latin]]: ''Megabarri'' for [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny de Elder]] insyd).<ref name="rilly" /> [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|Pliny]] [[:en:Pliny_the_Elder|de Elder]] dey provide a slightly different etymology of Astaboras, wey e state say "for de language of de local pippoe insyd" de name dey mean "water wey dey cam from de shades below" (''[[:en:Natural_History_(Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). For April 1898 insyd, dem fight a major [[:en:Battle_of_Atbara|battle]] beside de river during de [[:en:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan_1896–1899|Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1896–1899]] between [[:en:Mahdist_Sudan|Mahdist]] forces den an Anglo-Egyptian Army under de command of [[:en:Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], wey result for de destruction of de 20,000-strong Mahdist detachment insyd.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title=The River War Volume 1 |date=1899 |publisher=Longmans |page=416 Chapter XIII}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]]For 1964 insyd, de [[:en:Khashm_el-Girba_Dam|Khashm el-Girba Dam]] dam de river near [[:en:Kassala|Kassala]] for Sudan insyd to provide irrigation to de newly built town of Halfa Dughaym insyd an otherwise fairly den region den to resettle de Sudanese population driven away by de [[:en:Aswan_High_Dam|Aswan High Dam]] (Sad al-Aali) for Egypt insyd, wey flood 500&#x20;km of de Nile Valley for southern Egypt den northern Sudan insyd.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurni |first1=Hans |last2=Tato |first2=Kebede |last3=Zeleke |first3=Gete |date=May 2005 |title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2 |issn=0276-4741 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Construction for a $1.9 billion twin dam project about 20&#x20;km upstream from de confluence of de Upper Atbara den Setit rivers, de [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|Rumela]] [[:en:Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex|den Burdana dams]], wey begin for 2011 insyd den Presido [[:en:Omar_al-Bashir|Omar al-Bashir]] inaugurate am for February 2017 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gregory B. Poindexter |date=2 February 2017 |title=Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/02/sudan-inaugurates-us-1-9-billion-upper-atbara-and-setit-dam-hydropower-project.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=HydroWorld}}</ref> == Hydrology == Average monthly flow (1912&#x2013;1982) of de Atbarah wey dem measure approximately 25&#x20;km upstream of ein mouth, dem measure am for m³/s insyd:<ref>{{cite web |date=2000-02-26 |title=Nile - Kilo 3 |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1664100.html |publisher=University of New Hampshire}}</ref><timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Ethiopia|List of rivers of Ethiopia]] * [[:en:List_of_rivers_of_Sudan|List of rivers of Sudan]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ethiopia.html Maps of Ethiopia] - Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection, [[:en:University_of_Texas_at_Austin|University of Texas]] qhsd0yxuyjszj8oc599sgnz074ey5k6 14 27027 98721 2026-05-28T23:28:54Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98721 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27028 98722 2026-05-28T23:29:33Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98722 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 27029 98724 2026-05-28T23:30:54Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 98724 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 27030 98761 2026-05-29T00:55:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. 8cl5dv7odlx6drooatibdke4j3616kl 98762 98761 2026-05-29T00:55:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). 4t7vlmj6xxkquomngvsnfztxws85ie7 98763 98762 2026-05-29T00:56:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]]. d88e1xav8luwkpwo3srtirrbnat2mrj 98764 98763 2026-05-29T00:56:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98764 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> t6c1lxxochkaobcs3ag9i50mhivf604 98765 98764 2026-05-29T00:57:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow. 964xtctibk97h6tmn6s0dyebeddstn9 98766 98765 2026-05-29T00:57:43Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98766 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> dppmau0pj4jdqswf3kjf9wma54d1brd 98767 98766 2026-05-29T00:58:07Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98767 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''Benue'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de Tiv insyd. q24v6iiaawhi1dh10qjjwv6fjec7opg 98768 98767 2026-05-29T00:58:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de Tiv insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> gsffkrmgx0wg1v425fr96prfb3eyp1e 98769 98768 2026-05-29T00:59:16Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> gcqa3fj8syb5i0960po6194kjehqbtg 98770 98769 2026-05-29T00:59:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> == References == 9rox4zmkmta625y3uvjeaa4anfmy5tl 98771 98770 2026-05-29T01:04:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> == References == 0fcyag6vs7oqj5ep5sgjocuwn881czf 98772 98771 2026-05-29T01:05:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] == References == b0vf3dwqrpmd6qs8dxugmgjrf1aquxr 98773 98772 2026-05-29T01:07:35Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == References == 34d7euat4hquuycoweurrqvar6wkfq3 98774 98773 2026-05-29T01:10:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. == References == ss4nnpkvxhzk6nlxu7ups4rhyrn658q 98775 98774 2026-05-29T01:12:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. == References == 4ywac0pfcpop1dbj0yk5hxnurhzji5f 98776 98775 2026-05-29T01:12:36Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]]. == References == dgbekzwxr7h423x9j5r9tx02pwhp1o6 98777 98776 2026-05-29T01:13:05Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> == References == mwarpfucybk5emw6yon1p5ew10bejwv 98778 98777 2026-05-29T01:15:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. == References == diw5zk6niwo02woh8fdmrrqa79ulyd5 98779 98778 2026-05-29T01:15:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == References == pqscn1mr6mpd0rtr5r933l20g1dqtht 98780 98779 2026-05-29T01:19:24Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. == References == ck4u3856q5ujir3cr1oyjpgrin67kd7 98781 98780 2026-05-29T01:19:47Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. == References == l9jayndkpzj0scpjdih450jxj65ema8 98782 98781 2026-05-29T01:20:21Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd. == References == 64fd49yn76jgl4hh5i7uxryvysd7of2 98783 98782 2026-05-29T01:21:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> == References == 0ulouwuogihjhawjzx3431w9tzlwjzw 98784 98783 2026-05-29T01:21:30Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd. == References == crpiv1lybrrgpamfv36yf5sscbjg0wg 98785 98784 2026-05-29T01:21:57Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == References == 0obwis46eqxdjr1wranmtiomdfbcixp 98786 98785 2026-05-29T01:25:42Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. == References == aodqr1i5qgvqb52ixztfktblazg4a67 98787 98786 2026-05-29T01:26:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den[[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. == References == spo5ntp27ccynmhdn99x9hul5l7ycl4 98788 98787 2026-05-29T01:26:44Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to. == References == rsq1hstqua73n2exq1vtphduh49eaeo 98789 98788 2026-05-29T01:26:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == bvbf0rey1ca11m3tonl4ge8lzldzbkc 98790 98789 2026-05-29T01:32:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. == References == pmz086keug1kk8nnfgyn8lx7bq6nrin 98791 98790 2026-05-29T01:33:10Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]]. == References == 3658mumdag4gd8x7huw6c0c9jv41ylt 98792 98791 2026-05-29T01:33:48Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == References == e983nyyd0g3nhzjzl3ev6g9kfhesy68 98793 98792 2026-05-29T01:34:12Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin. == References == n8sl53ctxziuyefwkpczf7eh6ht151u 98794 98793 2026-05-29T01:34:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> == References == cwh9hbdj4mdtoensn0ufu4m0lkx8x3t 98795 98794 2026-05-29T01:38:21Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. == References == fwmp9fqwxbxddch2fz3vibys99yqz2e 98796 98795 2026-05-29T01:38:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. == References == br39ol9qstt3owjujo5wonzix441wmd 98797 98796 2026-05-29T01:39:02Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. == References == teq4j21ecxo9yyn7hn95hu78g80rh0m 98798 98797 2026-05-29T01:39:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> == References == pwx4lyjmndrerknounnb0l7xuivn1tc 98799 98798 2026-05-29T01:43:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. == References == b1b0oecn0ma2akmzvbtsu2gds8x8nq1 98800 98799 2026-05-29T01:43:26Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. == References == 84938ue0nby79smmw8xdw7iisz1tva0 98801 98800 2026-05-29T01:43:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy. == References == jjq763gv61mikqr9ciu1pr2a7bft01j 98802 98801 2026-05-29T01:48:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> == References == j0hbhu7x2ig2wfmsvipvlxqg7q0mn2n 98803 98802 2026-05-29T01:53:15Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd. == References == doixquo72cb960e3pb6htlfv4hs5xd0 98804 98803 2026-05-29T01:53:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == e18q2iaog1ul0qqb102rdoaw9a8tabo 98805 98804 2026-05-29T01:54:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. == References == 2sobfog2h2yk1rh4l2dvsg3owrqfkvf 98806 98805 2026-05-29T01:54:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd. == References == t05ysbohpa61ofbimuu4feodvy32ds3 98807 98806 2026-05-29T01:55:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref name="Nigeria" /> == References == gmro7fc6rr6kj9oqro80ygqdheyuf85 98808 98807 2026-05-29T01:55:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> == References == t74ocok0nhgjw5ndf7bkvrndicxtqql 98809 98808 2026-05-29T01:59:10Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. == References == ebocq9d53cpqyjwrqocoh16shg7ux51 98810 98809 2026-05-29T01:59:30Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd. == References == 11jjd5wetjivrmhve5kuojq3nn839le 98811 98810 2026-05-29T02:00:02Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd. == References == jaajxa0b8jr5p8eei57plgvndx5wxzc 98812 98811 2026-05-29T02:00:27Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 people injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == 4pleem4i7rt40019mqbng4d2jf9rr4a 98814 98812 2026-05-29T02:07:33Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]]. == References == 4rr14rf6c4g9lujxfh86lakoezi6dj7 98815 98814 2026-05-29T02:08:08Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == References == juyu7mn39lnh5conjtp1bpgofiefnjk 98816 98815 2026-05-29T02:08:43Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. == References == fdoiawm4c3qioktfxnu51jhcwyqizwj 98817 98816 2026-05-29T02:09:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home." == References == 7x6ifgaehjsylt93pgusc395yyktjbc 98818 98817 2026-05-29T02:09:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref> == References == opsyrhmd7c4l4yompy4vb73lk8gd9z1 98819 98818 2026-05-29T02:09:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == tr79og1vx0s2eqwewwmoxqborzw2gcj 98820 98819 2026-05-29T02:10:54Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|Benoue huts File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|Benoue view from drone File:Traversée_de_la_Benoué_à_pirogue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travers%C3%A9e_de_la_Benou%C3%A9_%C3%A0_pirogue.jpg|Dey cross de Benue River from Lagdo plus a Canoe </gallery> == References == gzevurane1augarme9hmbktzeb4g3lq 98821 98820 2026-05-29T02:16:37Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|Benoue huts File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|Benoue view from drone File:Traversée_de_la_Benoué_à_pirogue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travers%C3%A9e_de_la_Benou%C3%A9_%C3%A0_pirogue.jpg|Dey cross de Benue River from Lagdo plus a Canoe </gallery> == Pollution == Benue Hike Tourism den [[:en:Conservation_Foundation_(United_Kingdom)|Conservation Foundation]], for an attempt insyd to protect de river from various forms of pollution, inform de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue State Government]] about de irregularities of sam companies for de state insyd give dey empty waste for de river insyd. == References == a8o6wvd4axppkkldvdb8ojl9p0im336 98822 98821 2026-05-29T02:17:12Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|Benoue huts File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|Benoue view from drone File:Traversée_de_la_Benoué_à_pirogue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travers%C3%A9e_de_la_Benou%C3%A9_%C3%A0_pirogue.jpg|Dey cross de Benue River from Lagdo plus a Canoe </gallery> == Pollution == Benue Hike Tourism den [[:en:Conservation_Foundation_(United_Kingdom)|Conservation Foundation]], for an attempt insyd to protect de river from various forms of pollution, inform de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue State Government]] about de irregularities of sam companies for de state insyd give dey empty waste for de river insyd. [[:en:Waste|Waste]] like [[:en:Ethanol|ethanol]], dat fi easily cause damage to human den [[:en:Aquatic_mammal|aquatic]] life, dem dump am into Benue River. == References == 6znpinqbtlksckappx3vuj98ccwxkdj 98823 98822 2026-05-29T02:17:40Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|Benoue huts File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|Benoue view from drone File:Traversée_de_la_Benoué_à_pirogue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travers%C3%A9e_de_la_Benou%C3%A9_%C3%A0_pirogue.jpg|Dey cross de Benue River from Lagdo plus a Canoe </gallery> == Pollution == Benue Hike Tourism den [[:en:Conservation_Foundation_(United_Kingdom)|Conservation Foundation]], for an attempt insyd to protect de river from various forms of pollution, inform de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue State Government]] about de irregularities of sam companies for de state insyd give dey empty waste for de river insyd. [[:en:Waste|Waste]] like [[:en:Ethanol|ethanol]], dat fi easily cause damage to human den [[:en:Aquatic_mammal|aquatic]] life, dem dump am into Benue River. Subsequently, de Benue State Government take an immediate attempt to address de issue to prevent further damages give ein citizenry. == References == ckpsztnirk9obbgketg0ji9h6ef98wm 98824 98823 2026-05-29T02:17:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|Benoue huts File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|Benoue view from drone File:Traversée_de_la_Benoué_à_pirogue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travers%C3%A9e_de_la_Benou%C3%A9_%C3%A0_pirogue.jpg|Dey cross de Benue River from Lagdo plus a Canoe </gallery> == Pollution == Benue Hike Tourism den [[:en:Conservation_Foundation_(United_Kingdom)|Conservation Foundation]], for an attempt insyd to protect de river from various forms of pollution, inform de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue State Government]] about de irregularities of sam companies for de state insyd give dey empty waste for de river insyd. [[:en:Waste|Waste]] like [[:en:Ethanol|ethanol]], dat fi easily cause damage to human den [[:en:Aquatic_mammal|aquatic]] life, dem dump am into Benue River. Subsequently, de Benue State Government take an immediate attempt to address de issue to prevent further damages give ein citizenry.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Orsar|first=Hembadoon|date=April 18, 2023|title=Benue River Pollution: You Have Failed, Ortom Tells 3 Commissioners|url=https://leadership.ng/benue-river-pollution-you-have-failed-ortom-tells-3-commissioners/|access-date=July 6, 2023|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref> == References == g0p4s5elrwl18b20uy3ccsfv13qm98m 98825 98824 2026-05-29T02:18:27Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|Benoue huts File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|Benoue view from drone File:Traversée_de_la_Benoué_à_pirogue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travers%C3%A9e_de_la_Benou%C3%A9_%C3%A0_pirogue.jpg|Dey cross de Benue River from Lagdo plus a Canoe </gallery> == Pollution == Benue Hike Tourism den [[:en:Conservation_Foundation_(United_Kingdom)|Conservation Foundation]], for an attempt insyd to protect de river from various forms of pollution, inform de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue State Government]] about de irregularities of sam companies for de state insyd give dey empty waste for de river insyd. [[:en:Waste|Waste]] like [[:en:Ethanol|ethanol]], dat fi easily cause damage to human den [[:en:Aquatic_mammal|aquatic]] life, dem dump am into Benue River. Subsequently, de Benue State Government take an immediate attempt to address de issue to prevent further damages give ein citizenry.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Orsar|first=Hembadoon|date=April 18, 2023|title=Benue River Pollution: You Have Failed, Ortom Tells 3 Commissioners|url=https://leadership.ng/benue-river-pollution-you-have-failed-ortom-tells-3-commissioners/|access-date=July 6, 2023|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Charles|first=John|date=2023-04-17|title=Ortom orders firm's probe for alleged River Benue pollution|url=https://punchng.com/ortom-orders-firms-probe-for-alleged-river-benue-pollution/|access-date=2023-07-26|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == 12b1bxai6ajenkof0phuiiworebpvoj 98826 98825 2026-05-29T02:18:42Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|Benoue huts File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|Benoue view from drone File:Traversée_de_la_Benoué_à_pirogue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travers%C3%A9e_de_la_Benou%C3%A9_%C3%A0_pirogue.jpg|Dey cross de Benue River from Lagdo plus a Canoe </gallery> == Pollution == Benue Hike Tourism den [[:en:Conservation_Foundation_(United_Kingdom)|Conservation Foundation]], for an attempt insyd to protect de river from various forms of pollution, inform de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue State Government]] about de irregularities of sam companies for de state insyd give dey empty waste for de river insyd. [[:en:Waste|Waste]] like [[:en:Ethanol|ethanol]], dat fi easily cause damage to human den [[:en:Aquatic_mammal|aquatic]] life, dem dump am into Benue River. Subsequently, de Benue State Government take an immediate attempt to address de issue to prevent further damages give ein citizenry.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Orsar|first=Hembadoon|date=April 18, 2023|title=Benue River Pollution: You Have Failed, Ortom Tells 3 Commissioners|url=https://leadership.ng/benue-river-pollution-you-have-failed-ortom-tells-3-commissioners/|access-date=July 6, 2023|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Charles|first=John|date=2023-04-17|title=Ortom orders firm's probe for alleged River Benue pollution|url=https://punchng.com/ortom-orders-firms-probe-for-alleged-river-benue-pollution/|access-date=2023-07-26|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sunday|first=Ochogwu|date=2023-04-17|title=Biotech company accused of polluting River Benue with cassava plant waste|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/17/biotech-company-accused-of-polluting-river-benue-with-cassava-plant-waste/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-26|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == easf8gwk8pnramr0rzzu6ua97c6ibch 98827 98826 2026-05-29T02:21:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|Benoue huts File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|Benoue view from drone File:Traversée_de_la_Benoué_à_pirogue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travers%C3%A9e_de_la_Benou%C3%A9_%C3%A0_pirogue.jpg|Dey cross de Benue River from Lagdo plus a Canoe </gallery> == Pollution == Benue Hike Tourism den [[:en:Conservation_Foundation_(United_Kingdom)|Conservation Foundation]], for an attempt insyd to protect de river from various forms of pollution, inform de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue State Government]] about de irregularities of sam companies for de state insyd give dey empty waste for de river insyd. [[:en:Waste|Waste]] like [[:en:Ethanol|ethanol]], dat fi easily cause damage to human den [[:en:Aquatic_mammal|aquatic]] life, dem dump am into Benue River. Subsequently, de Benue State Government take an immediate attempt to address de issue to prevent further damages give ein citizenry.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Orsar|first=Hembadoon|date=April 18, 2023|title=Benue River Pollution: You Have Failed, Ortom Tells 3 Commissioners|url=https://leadership.ng/benue-river-pollution-you-have-failed-ortom-tells-3-commissioners/|access-date=July 6, 2023|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Charles|first=John|date=2023-04-17|title=Ortom orders firm's probe for alleged River Benue pollution|url=https://punchng.com/ortom-orders-firms-probe-for-alleged-river-benue-pollution/|access-date=2023-07-26|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sunday|first=Ochogwu|date=2023-04-17|title=Biotech company accused of polluting River Benue with cassava plant waste|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/17/biotech-company-accused-of-polluting-river-benue-with-cassava-plant-waste/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-26|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[:en:Hugh_Chisholm|Chisholm, Hugh]], ed. (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Benue|"Benue"]] . ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 754. bgp6hiyk3d6uxcezhtdwwk1h2dhd4a6 98828 98827 2026-05-29T02:23:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benue River''' ([[:en:French_language|French]]: ''la Bénoué''), previously dem know am as de '''Chadda River''' anaa '''Tchadda''', be de major [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den sanso be de second-longest river for Nigeria insyd. De size of ein [[:en:Catchment_basin|catchment basin]] be 319,000 km² (123,000 mi²). Almost ein entire length of [[:en:Approximation|approximately]] 1,400 km (870 mi) dey navigable during de summer [[:en:Month|months]].<ref name="Babangida">{{Cite news|last=Babangida|first=Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed|date=December 16, 2022|title=SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/570687-special-report-how-poor-infrastructure-worsened-flood-disasters-in-states-across-nigeria.html|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> As a result, e be an important [[:en:Transportation|transportation]] route for de [[:en:Region|regions]] insyd thru wey e dey flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2023 |title=Benue River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/benue-river.html |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> De name ''[[:en:Benue_State|Benue]]'' dey come from ''bernor,'' wey dey mean 'river anaa lake of hippos’ for de [[:en:Tiv_language|Tiv]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benue Wikipedia |first=Martin Zachary |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29268/1/10731363.pdf |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF FULANI RULE IN ADAMAWA 1809 - 1901 |publisher=University of London |year=1969 |pages=13}}</ref> [[File:Benue SE Yola.jpg|thumb|De River Benue dey look south east from [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]].]] [[File:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Map wey dey show de Benue River drainage basin.]] == Geography == De Benue dey rise for de [[:en:Adamawa_Plateau|Adamawa Plateau]] of northern [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] insyd, from wey e dey flow west, den thru de town of [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]] den [[:en:Lagdo_Reservoir|Lagdo Reservoir]], into [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] south of de [[:en:Mandara_mountains|Mandara mountains]], den thru [[:en:Jimeta|Jimeta]], [[:en:Ibi,_Nigeria|Ibi]] den [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] before e meet de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] at [[:en:Lokoja|Lokoja]]. Large tributaries be de [[:en:Faro_River|Faro]], de [[:en:Gongola_River|Gongola]] den de [[:en:Mayo_Kébbi|Mayo Kébbi]], wey dey connect am plus de [[:en:Logone_River|Logone]] (part of de [[:en:Lake_Chad|Lake Chad]] system) during [[:en:Flood|floods]]. Oda tributaries dey include [[:en:Taraba_River|Taraba]], [[:en:Donga_River|Donga]] den [[:en:River_Katsina_Ala|Katsina Ala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katsina Ala River {{!}} river, western Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Katsina-Ala-River |access-date=July 3, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> At de point of confluence, de Benue dey exceed de Niger by volume. De mean discharge before 1960 be 3,400 m³/s (120,000 cu ft/s) give de Benue den 3,000 m³/s (110,000 cu ft/s) give de Niger. == Climate == Benue State get a [[:en:Tropical_savanna_climate|tropical savanna climate]]. E be warm every month of de year thrruout both wet den dry seasons. De annual temperature be 34&#x20;°C den der be about 244 inch of rain for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature |url=https://www.besttravelmonths.com/nigeria/benue-4042927/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.besttravelmonths.com |language=en}}</ref> De state get an average humidity of 61%, dew point of 25&#x20;°C, an UV-index of 7 den e dey mainly dry give 169 days for a year insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/makurdi |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Major floods == Nigeria ein [[:en:National_Emergency_Management_Agency_(Nigeria)|National Emergency Management Agency]] (NEMA), conduct a “disaster risk management analysis” den advise Ministries, Departments, den Agencies (MDAs) to take proactive steps to mitigate de impact of [[:en:Climate_change|climate change]]. De agency advise say water bodies across some states be desilted den [[:en:Dredging|dredged]] regularly to make water available give various purposes. De agency urge relevant institutions to carry out routine monitoring of dams den water bodies to ensure demma operation rule curve give [[:en:Reservoir|reservoirs]] dey adhere to.<ref name="Nseyen">{{Cite news|last=Nseyen|first=Nsikak|date=September 19, 2022|title=Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/09/19/flooding-nema-issues-warning-to-adamawa-taraba-benue-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2022 Flood ==== For September 23, 2022 top, flooding affect all riverine local government areas of Benue, according to de state Commissioner give [[:en:Water_resources|Water Resources]] den Environment, Godwin Oyiwona. De flooding affect [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Agatu|Agatu]], Logo, Guma, [[:en:Buruku|Buruku]], [[:en:Otukpo|Otukpo]], den [[:en:Gwer_West|Gwer-West]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> De government work to mitigate flooding effects den release funds give dey clean de Idye Basin.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/flooding-hits-riverine-areas-in-benue/}}</ref> For October 2022 insyd, farmers for [[:en:Adamawa_State|Adamawa State]] insyd struggle to clear off remnants of crops wey de flooding destroy am. De disaster disrupt many communities across [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] [[:en:Nigeria|ein]] 36 states, plus hundreds of villages den urban centers wey submerge for water insyd. De [[:en:Disaster|disaster]] unsettle ova 2.4 million people den dem record ova 600 fatalities. Additionally, "expansive hectares of farmlands across affected states were swept off."<ref name="Babangida" /> De worst hit be mostly residents of [[:en:Agrarian_society|agrarian]] communities near major tributaries for seven of de 21 local government areas insyd for de state insyd. Within three months, 12 [[:en:Local_government_area|Local Government Areas]] (LGAs) submerge, wey e affect 82,730 residents, 13,788 households, 51 pippoe injured, den 27 deaths. Farmlands worth [[:en:Billion|billions]] of [[:en:Nigerian_naira|naira]] destroy.<ref>[https://thecjid.org/special-report-women-children-suffer-as-floods-submerge-adamawa-communities/ "SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities"]. ''thecjid.org''. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> ==== January 2020 ==== Presido [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] inaugurate a 3.35-km drainage channel project for[[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]], [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] insyd, to address [[:en:Ecology|ecological]] challenges for de Idye Community insyd.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=January 3, 2020|title=Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-inaugurates-3-35km-drainage-in-benue/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> De Presido for de [[:en:Fourth_quarter_of_a_calendar_year|fourth quarter]] of 2017insyd approve de project, part of de 17 ecological intervention projects, den dem complete am for 48 weeks insyd. De project aim to address de devastating effects of erosion den flood for de region insyd.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue |url=https://theglittersonline.com.ng/buhari-inaugurates-3/ |website=theglittersonline.com.ng}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria" /> ==== 2017 Flood ==== [[:en:News_Agency_of_Nigeria|News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)]] report say Idye Community dey among de worst-hit areas of de 2017 flood dat displace ova 120,000 persons<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nigeria|first=News Agency of|date=August 28, 2022|title=Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe|url=https://gazettengr.com/floods-ravage-benue-villages-as-governor-ortom-lounges-in-europe/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref> for de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue]] capital insyd, [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]]. Floods devastate more dan 200 households for [[:en:Makurdi|Makurdi]] insyd.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Report|first=Agency|date=September 14, 2022|title=Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi|url=https://punchng.com/floods-destroy-200-households-in-makurdi/|access-date=July 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== 2012 Flood ==== De Benue River flood for October 2012 insyd, wey e result for a large increase insyd for de [[:en:Population_(biology)|population]] of [[:en:Echis_ocellatus|venomous snakes]] insyd for de Duguri [[:en:District|District]] insyd, [[:en:Alkaleri|Alkaleri Local Government Area]], [[:en:Bauchi_State|Bauchi State]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/141373-snakes-kill-over-200-people-in-bauchi-council-as-government-takes-no-action.html?tztc=1|title=Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A July 2013 report indicate say ova 200 pippoe for de [[:en:District|district]] insyd die of [[:en:Snakebite|snakebite]]. De [[:en:Hospital|General Hospital]] for[[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]] insyd, [[:en:Gombe_State|Gombe State]] for Nigeria insyd, be de nearest location give treatment of snakebite; "whoever dey lucky to make am to [[:en:Kaltungo|Kaltungo]], dem treat for only two days insyd den then dem return home."<ref name="allafrica1">{{Cite web |last=Agbo |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2013 |title=Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307220201.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |work=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=June 22, 2021|title=Bauchi residents groan over snakebites|url=https://guardian.ng/news/bauchi-residents-groan-over-snakebites/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=July 3, 2023|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery> File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_Benoue.jpg|Benoue huts File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drone_view_at_Benoue.jpg|Benoue view from drone File:Traversée_de_la_Benoué_à_pirogue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travers%C3%A9e_de_la_Benou%C3%A9_%C3%A0_pirogue.jpg|Dey cross de Benue River from Lagdo plus a Canoe </gallery> == Pollution == Benue Hike Tourism den [[:en:Conservation_Foundation_(United_Kingdom)|Conservation Foundation]], for an attempt insyd to protect de river from various forms of pollution, inform de [[:en:Benue_State|Benue State Government]] about de irregularities of sam companies for de state insyd give dey empty waste for de river insyd. [[:en:Waste|Waste]] like [[:en:Ethanol|ethanol]], dat fi easily cause damage to human den [[:en:Aquatic_mammal|aquatic]] life, dem dump am into Benue River. Subsequently, de Benue State Government take an immediate attempt to address de issue to prevent further damages give ein citizenry.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Orsar|first=Hembadoon|date=April 18, 2023|title=Benue River Pollution: You Have Failed, Ortom Tells 3 Commissioners|url=https://leadership.ng/benue-river-pollution-you-have-failed-ortom-tells-3-commissioners/|access-date=July 6, 2023|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Charles|first=John|date=2023-04-17|title=Ortom orders firm's probe for alleged River Benue pollution|url=https://punchng.com/ortom-orders-firms-probe-for-alleged-river-benue-pollution/|access-date=2023-07-26|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sunday|first=Ochogwu|date=2023-04-17|title=Biotech company accused of polluting River Benue with cassava plant waste|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/17/biotech-company-accused-of-polluting-river-benue-with-cassava-plant-waste/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-26|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[:en:Hugh_Chisholm|Chisholm, Hugh]], ed. (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Benue|"Benue"]] . ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 754. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="2" |[[:en:Help:Authority_control|Authority control databases]] |- !International | * [[viaf:307310271|VIAF]] * [https://d-nb.info/gnd/1049347137 GND] |- !National | * [[lofc:sh88005232|United States]] * [https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007529945905171 Israel] |- !Other | * [https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/place/9d7f2674-8fe3-42c4-84e2-d8536846f70f Yale LUX] |} mbpswifqrno6mhog946b94efhzsz9y4 0 27031 98830 2026-05-29T11:40:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98830 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Ubangi River''' ([[:en:Help:IPA/English|/(j)uːˈbæŋɡi/]]; [[:en:Swahili_language|Swahili]]: ''Mto Ubangi''; [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Oubangui''; [[:en:Dutch_language|Dutch]]: ''Mubangi Stroom''), dem sanso spell am '''Oubangui''', be river for [[:en:Central_Africa|Central Africa]] insyd, den de largest right-bank [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River]]. d2hichwdqxmr67nvcvh8jiz5kj47765 98831 98830 2026-05-29T11:40:48Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98831 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Ubangi River''' ([[:en:Help:IPA/English|/(j)uːˈbæŋɡi/]]; [[:en:Swahili_language|Swahili]]: ''Mto Ubangi''; [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Oubangui''; [[:en:Dutch_language|Dutch]]: ''Mubangi Stroom''), dem sanso spell am '''Oubangui''', be river for [[:en:Central_Africa|Central Africa]] insyd, den de largest right-bank [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River]]. E dey begin at de confluence of de [[:en:Mbomou_River|Mbomou]] (mean annual discharge 1,350 m³/s) den [[:en:Uele_River|Uele Rivers]] (mean annual discharge 1,550 m³/s) den dey flow west, wey e form de border between [[:en:Central_African_Republic|Central African Republic]] (CAR) den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). 9dv4dtdrmr3ay5ptxqilngnvcfp2hh2 98832 98831 2026-05-29T11:41:19Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98832 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Ubangi River''' ([[:en:Help:IPA/English|/(j)uːˈbæŋɡi/]]; [[:en:Swahili_language|Swahili]]: ''Mto Ubangi''; [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Oubangui''; [[:en:Dutch_language|Dutch]]: ''Mubangi Stroom''), dem sanso spell am '''Oubangui''', be river for [[:en:Central_Africa|Central Africa]] insyd, den de largest right-bank [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River]]. E dey begin at de confluence of de [[:en:Mbomou_River|Mbomou]] (mean annual discharge 1,350 m³/s) den [[:en:Uele_River|Uele Rivers]] (mean annual discharge 1,550 m³/s) den dey flow west, wey e form de border between [[:en:Central_African_Republic|Central African Republic]] (CAR) den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Subsequently, de Ubangi dey bend to de southwest den dey pass thru [[:en:Bangui|Bangui]], de capital of de CAR, after wey e dey flow south{{snd}}wey e form de border between de DRC den de [[:en:Republic_of_the_Congo|Republic of the Congo]]. an3pw428gydftv9k7zxd7rhfwdsr90e 98833 98832 2026-05-29T11:41:37Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98833 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Ubangi River''' ([[:en:Help:IPA/English|/(j)uːˈbæŋɡi/]]; [[:en:Swahili_language|Swahili]]: ''Mto Ubangi''; [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Oubangui''; [[:en:Dutch_language|Dutch]]: ''Mubangi Stroom''), dem sanso spell am '''Oubangui''', be river for [[:en:Central_Africa|Central Africa]] insyd, den de largest right-bank [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River]]. E dey begin at de confluence of de [[:en:Mbomou_River|Mbomou]] (mean annual discharge 1,350 m³/s) den [[:en:Uele_River|Uele Rivers]] (mean annual discharge 1,550 m³/s) den dey flow west, wey e form de border between [[:en:Central_African_Republic|Central African Republic]] (CAR) den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Subsequently, de Ubangi dey bend to de southwest den dey pass thru [[:en:Bangui|Bangui]], de capital of de CAR, after wey e dey flow south{{snd}}wey e form de border between de DRC den de [[:en:Republic_of_the_Congo|Republic of the Congo]]. De Ubangi dey finally join de Congo River at Liranga. jnnhmwrlt8qz23lh3wjpada4k6nl1fi 98834 98833 2026-05-29T11:45:26Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 98834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Ubangi River''' ([[:en:Help:IPA/English|/(j)uːˈbæŋɡi/]]; [[:en:Swahili_language|Swahili]]: ''Mto Ubangi''; [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Oubangui''; [[:en:Dutch_language|Dutch]]: ''Mubangi Stroom''), dem sanso spell am '''Oubangui''', be river for [[:en:Central_Africa|Central Africa]] insyd, den de largest right-bank [[:en:Tributary|tributary]] of de [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River]]. E dey begin at de confluence of de [[:en:Mbomou_River|Mbomou]] (mean annual discharge 1,350 m³/s) den [[:en:Uele_River|Uele Rivers]] (mean annual discharge 1,550 m³/s) den dey flow west, wey e form de border between [[:en:Central_African_Republic|Central African Republic]] (CAR) den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Subsequently, de Ubangi dey bend to de southwest den dey pass thru [[:en:Bangui|Bangui]], de capital of de CAR, after wey e dey flow south{{snd}}wey e form de border between de DRC den de [[:en:Republic_of_the_Congo|Republic of the Congo]]. De Ubangi dey finally join de Congo River at Liranga. 7nd1imqoowf58wcts1t3n8hilkkbs5y