Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk User talk:DaSupremo 3 2102 99773 98933 2026-06-03T02:09:18Z MediaWiki message delivery 110 /* Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ new section 99773 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome to the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia! == Hi DaSupremo, and also ping @[[User:Yaw tuba|Yaw tuba]], @[[User:Gyanford|Gyanford]], @[[User:Feliciopedro2|Feliciopedro2]], @[[User:Sunkanmi12|Sunkanmi12]], @[[User:NanaKojo16|NanaKojo16]], @[[User:NanaYawBotar|NanaYawBotar]], @[[User:Afimaame|Afimaame]], @[[User:Elkay20|Elkay20]] and @[[User:Ibn Dagara|Ibn Dagara]]. Welcome to the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia! You and all your co-contributors have done a great job so far in getting here, and I would like to congratulate you on finally having the newest official Wikipedia edition! Well done to all of you! For previous wikis, there have usually been some technical issues that take some time to fix, but for the first time in many years, I think all of the normal technical issues have actually already bene solved now, less than one day after the Wikipedia was created. Visual editor works like it should, the same with the DiscussionTools, Wikidata support has been enabled, and the statistics in [[Special:Statistics]] look correct. But still, if you notice any issues, or if there are things you want to do but aren't able to for some reason, please feel free to reach out to me, and I can help figure out how to solve them. Best of luck to all of you with your new Wikipedia, and happy editing! 🎉 [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) 01:07, 6 July 2023 (GMT) :Hello [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) thanks for that and we are also grateful for your continuous help and support. We would like to fix the use of bare URLS for references. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 13:48, 6 July 2023 (GMT) :Thanks [[User:NanaKojo16|NanaKojo16]] ([[User talk:NanaKojo16|talk]]) 08:38, 7 July 2023 (GMT) ==Modifications to the home page== Hello dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] I've made a slight modification to the homepage, by adding the number of existing articles. And I designed and programmed a new template for the introduction of the home page. I hope you see it:[[User:Osps7/Test]] With regards--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 18:26, 19 August 2023 (GMT) :Wow...thanks for that. [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) It will help us track and remove vandalism on articles. Really grateful [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 21:38, 19 August 2023 (GMT) ==Important inquiry== Dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I am trying to work on developing the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia by adding new tools and improving the work of the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia by adding software tools that contribute to increasing effectiveness and contribute to protecting the encyclopedia from vandalism. I'm trying to work on an add-on (MediaWiki:Gadget-autocomplete.js) But I need permissions, how can I request permissions? With regards--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 11:42, 20 August 2023 (GMT) :I think you can propose it on [[phab:|Phabricator]] and start working on it. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:36, 20 August 2023 (GMT) == Suggestions == First off, congratulations on leading the creation of and becoming admin of this Wikipedia, which is still the newest AFAIK. Hope that this project continues to grow and thrive. Onto the suggestions: with regards to the references, I think if you used your admin permissions to import the CS1 citation templates from enwiki it would also take care of the dependent modules. Or maybe someone from the community should file a request on MetaWiki. Documentation templates would also be handy I also think it might be a good idea to add a system or template for handling linguistic issues: for instance, I've already seen a page copied from enwiki with no effort made to translate it (although I can't find the specific page right now). Thanks! [[User:MSG17|MSG17]] ([[User talk:MSG17|talk]]) 15:43, 24 August 2023 (GMT) :Thanks for the good wishes. I would really need help cos I am not conversant with the templates. I will ask a couple of guys around. Thanks again [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:34, 24 August 2023 (GMT) ==suggestion== Dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], What do you think of the idea of ​​adding a new section to the home page called “In the News” and updating it continuously?--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 12:00, 10 September 2023 (GMT) :Sounds good. A very good idea [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:07, 10 September 2023 (GMT) == Note == Dear @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I hope you are well. Over the past few days, I have developed a bot that I will activate here soon. It will create categories and templates that will help us. [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 22:03, 3 November 2023 (GMT) :Hello [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]), I am good and you? Noted and thanks for the continuous support. We really appreciate it. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:21, 3 November 2023 (GMT) == Translation == Hi, could you please translate this to Ghanaian Pidgin? Guosa is a constructed interlanguage originally created by Alex Igbineweka in 1965. It was designed to be a combination of the indigenous languages of Nigeria and to serve as a lingua franca to West Africa. It has the following characteristics: * It is an isolating language with subject–verb–object word order. * There are no articles. * There is no grammatical gender or noun class system. * Most grammatical meaning is expressed through particles that precede the words they modify. * Adjectives follow the noun. * Guosa is generally prepositional. Thank you. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 07:12, 16 November 2023 (GMT) :Hello [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]), thanks for reaching out. This is the Ghanaian Pidgin translation: :Guosa be constructed interlanguage wey Alex Igbineweka originally create am for 1965 insyd. Dem design am make e be combination of de indigenous languages for Nigeria wey e go serve as lingua franca go West Africa. :E get de characteristics wey dey follow: :•E be language wey dey isolate plus subject–verb–object word order. :•No articles dey. :•No grammatical gender anaa noun class system dey. :•Dem dey express chaw grammatical meaning thru particles wey dey precede de words dem modify. :•Adjectives dey follow de noun. :•Guosa be generally prepositional. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:03, 16 November 2023 (GMT) ==Importing citation templates== Was looking at importing cite journal, cite book, and cite web. Best way to do this would be to use this tool and select "Include all templates and transcluded pages" https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Import Would be happy to but only certain user groups have permission to use the tool. Best [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 12:30, 26 October 2024 (GMT) :By the way hope to see you do more healthcare translations. Once we get the templates imported things will come through better. Best [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 12:44, 26 October 2024 (GMT) ::Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) for this information. It is valuable for us. I have checked it out and I realized it is a good tool. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:05, 26 October 2024 (GMT) :::Are you able to make me a member of one of these groups "Administrators or Importers" so that I can help. Looking at "Template:Cite book" and not sure it worked properly. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 23:17, 26 October 2024 (GMT) ::::No please. But I think you can request for a temporal admin [[metawiki:Steward_requests/Permissions#Administrator_access|here]] to enable you carry that task. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:05, 27 October 2024 (GMT) == delete == Can you please delete [[Talk:Audrey Sitsofe Gadzekpo]] and [[Talk:Joseph Kwame Kumah]]? they are orphaned. Best regards, [[User:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[User talk:TenWhile6|talk]]) 17:01, 14 November 2024 (GMT) :Done [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 18:59, 14 November 2024 (GMT) == Thank you for being a medical translator! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Translators Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&project=all&year=2024&start=Filter joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We look forwards to working together in 2025. |} Thanks again :-) -- [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User:Doc_James <span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:54, 26 January 2025 (GMT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Translators_2024&oldid=28173086 --> :I appreciate the award. Hope to do more this year [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 10:24, 26 January 2025 (GMT) == Request for help == Hello @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], My name is [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|Uzoma]], I am the Movement Communications Specialist supporting the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization]] team. I am reaching out because you [[mediawikiwiki:Translation_suggestions:_Topic-based_&_Community-defined_lists/Collaborators#User_names_and_campaigns|indicated interest]] in participating in the [[mediawikiwiki:Translation_suggestions:_Topic-based_&_Community-defined_lists|Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists]] project. We now have the [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=sw&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=en Community-defined list feature] in the [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=sw&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=draft&from=en Content translation tool]. We want to approach organisers of Wiki campaigns that involve translation happening now or soon to add the collection tags to their article list. So that people who use the Content translation tool can discover these campaigns and participate directly from the moment they access the tool using their mobile device. The campaign suggestions will be in the "All Collection" category of the Translation suggestion feature in the tool, as illustrated in the GIF below. [[File:How_to_select_a_specific_collection_&_all_collections_(1).gif|Screen record of how to select a specific collection and "all collections"]] '''Our request''' Please help us by providing a list of the campaigns happening in your community and the organisers we can approach to add the tag. This is important to us because we need to learn from its usage for campaigns. I would appreciate your help connecting me to the campaigns you are preparing for in your community. I look forward to your response, and please let me know if you need any clarification. Thank you so much! Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 22:28, 11 February 2025 (GMT) :Hello @[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] thanks for reaching out. The Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia will be participating in this year's [[metawiki:Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_2025/Participants#Participating_Communities|Wiki Loves Ramadan]]. I will keep you posted when the community participates in subsequent editathons and campaigns. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:43, 11 February 2025 (GMT) ::Thank you so much, @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], for this information. I will keep in touch. ::Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 18:47, 13 February 2025 (GMT) :::Ok @[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:14, 13 February 2025 (GMT) == Follow-up on Incomplete Information for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 == Hi DaSupremo, Thank you for signing up your community for For Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Please provide the following missing information on the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants|participants' page of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]. * Local Project Page Link * Local Organizer * Jury Tools Link * Jury Members ''For the Team'', [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 05:49, 1 April 2025 (GMT) :Hello [[User:ZI Jony|'''ZI Jony''']] [[User talk:ZI Jony|<sup>''(Talk)''</sup>]], thanks for the message. Please none of the information above were created because I am the only person contributing on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia participating in the contest. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo#top|talk]]) 11:00, 1 April 2025 (UTC) [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:01, 1 April 2025 (GMT) ::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], thank you for your efforts. Unfortunately, above requirements are mandatory. I would like to request you to create an local Wikipedia project page (you would be able to copy content from [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Sample|here]], and then translate in your local language). Ask others to join with you as local organizer and jury members. [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 14:23, 1 April 2025 (GMT) :::Thanks. Can I still participate as a participant because we did not apply for a grant to organise this event so we have no funds to award winners and its associated cost? [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:29, 1 April 2025 (GMT) ::::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], you still can continue as an local participant. Most of local organizers work without grant, as there are international prizes available. [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 14:46, 1 April 2025 (GMT) :::::Oh okay...thanks. I will set up the local page then. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 15:10, 1 April 2025 (GMT) == Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May == Dear DaSupremo, Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities! This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''. Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]''' Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]''' If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out. Thank you for your continued dedication and support! For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team 11:51, 2 May 2025 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&oldid=28651179 --> ==Testing the tool== Hey DaSupremo was just testing the tool here and thus had put it in my user space. Article is not actually translated https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabies&action=history [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 15:24, 7 May 2025 (GMT) :Hello @[[User:Doc James|Doc James]], yeah I realized that and that is the reason I am moving them to mainspace and translating them. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:01, 7 May 2025 (GMT) ::Excellent, and we have the disease infobox / other infoboxes formating correctly now. See [[Glioblastoma]] [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 15:59, 8 May 2025 (GMT) :::Great. Thank you for this. Now we can have infoboxes on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. Greatly appreciated [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:28, 8 May 2025 (GMT) == Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD == Dear DaSupremo, This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD. Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible: * Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]''' * Add a brief summary of your local event under the "Results" column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]''' Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration. If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team. Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work! ''Warm regards,''<br/> '''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', 02:39, 15 May 2025 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&oldid=28651179 --> == Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 == Dear DaSupremo Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms. To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you. * '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here] * '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025 It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future. Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns! Warm regards,<br/> ''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' 08:51, 19 May 2025 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Participants&oldid=28751574 --> == Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 – Global Top 10 Winner: Congratulations! == '''Dear DaSupremo,''' Congratulations! You have been selected as one of the '''Top 10 Global Winners''' (ranks 4 to 10) of the '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' campaign. Your contributions and participation have greatly enriched the project, and we sincerely appreciate your efforts. To send you your prize and the official campaign T-shirt, we kindly request the following details: * Full name: * Wikimedia username: * Country of residency: * Email address: * Preferred T-shirt size (M, L, XL): * Preferred T-shirt color (Black, White, Navy): '''Please send the above information within 24 hours to:''' '''support@wikilovesramadan.org''' Your prize will be delivered through the [https://www.tremendous.com/catalog/ Tremendous] platform. Also, we kindly request you to fill the '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Participant Feedback Form]''' at your earliest convenience. Once again, thank you for your amazing contribution. '''Best regards,''' ''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'', [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 03:43, 27 May 2025 (GMT) :Hello @[[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]], Thanks for the message. I have some reservations about the Winner of the campaign. I do not understand the language but it is clear when an article is created in a particular language. Most of their contributions (from what I sampled) where actually 'discussion pages' rather than translated articles. See [[:bn:আলাপ:মরক্কোতে_আশুরা|this]], [[:bn:আলাপ:গ্রেটার_টলেডো_ইসলামিক_সেন্টার|this]], [[:bn:আলাপ:মুসলিম_আমেরিকান_সোসাইটি|this]] and most could be found on the [[xtools:pages/bn.wikipedia.org/Hasan muntaseer/1|Xtool]]. Moreover, they were not even registered on the dashboard as we were told it was a requirement. On the dashboard, only [[wmfdashboard:courses/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_2025|241 articles]] where created in the Bangla Wikipedia. I might be wrong but their results need to be reviewed to ensure fairness and transparency. Thank you. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 08:03, 27 May 2025 (GMT) ::[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I believe that the same question you maybe asked to Dnshitobu earlier! Mostly tracking categories are used in the talk page of the articles for almost all Wikipedia, including Bangla and English Wikipedia. They use a template on the article talk page where a description also placed, instead of using on the main articles. Using dashboard were not a mandatory tool, because many wikis' developed thier own jury tools, like Bangla, Ukrainian, even English Wikipedia also used a different tool called [https://fountain.toolforge.org Fountain], it’s depend on local organizers which tool they are comfortable to use. Bangla Wikipedia was submitted 1806 articles, due to non-relevant issue they removed several articles. For you clarity, Bangla Wikipedia was looking for additional jury members to complete thier jury process in time, and I joined to help then, in the meantime I have re-reviewd several articles. So, I believe that the jury process were well strictured and trusted. I kindly request you to provide the details you have been asked at your earliest convenience. Additional inquiry, are you attending EduWiki Conference 2025? Or, someone who can receive your gift and certificate from the conference let me know in the same email. Thank you! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 10:51, 27 May 2025 (GMT) :::Ok...thanks for the detailed explanation. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:03, 27 May 2025 (GMT) == [[José Rafael Córdero Sánchez]] == Hi DaSupremo, I need your help about this article because is a crosswiki spam, for more details please check: [[:nl:Overleg Wikipedia:Checklijst langdurig structureel vandalisme/Josercs1|this report]] from Dutch Wikipedia. Thank you. [[User:Taichi|Taichi]] ([[User talk:Taichi|talk]]) 23:48, 16 October 2025 (GMT) :Hello @[[User:Taichi|Taichi]]. Thanks for reaching out and well noted. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 00:01, 17 October 2025 (GMT) == [[Samata (fashion entrepreneur)]] == Hi DaSupremo, I noticed that you expanded this article in 2023 by translating content from English Wikipedia. The English Wikipedia article was deleted earlier this year as most of the sources were found to be spam or unreliable. Other language Wikipedias like French, Arabic, Swahili and Igbo have also deleted this article on similar grounds. It seems the original English article was written by a spammer for promotional purposes, therefore the Ghanaian Pidgin article (which was primarily translated from English) should also be deleted. Let me know your thoughts. [[User:Acoustical|Acoustical]] ([[User talk:Acoustical|talk]]) 19:16, 25 November 2025 (GMT) :Hello @[[User:Acoustical|Acoustical]]. Thanks for reaching out and well noted. Since it has been deleted from other language Wikipedias, I think it should be deleted too on the Ghanaian Pidgin WIkipedia. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:32, 25 November 2025 (GMT) == Undeletion Request == hello @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] I noticed that you previously improved the article about Adebayo Temitayo (Realjjfrosh). I wanted to let you know that the page was later deleted. If you have time, I would appreciate any guidance on whether the sources used (Punch, Vanguard, ThisDay, BusinessDay, Daily Trust) meet the project’s notability standards, or how the article could be reworked to comply fully with policy. Thank you for your earlier improvements and for any advice you may be able to offer. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-74643-7|&#126;2026-74643-7]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-74643-7|talk]]) 12:13, 3 February 2026 (GMT) :It was deleted because of (Spam and it was a ([[metawiki:steward|steward]] action)) [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:19, 3 February 2026 (GMT) ::Ok thanks [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-74643-7|&#126;2026-74643-7]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-74643-7|talk]]) 12:39, 3 February 2026 (GMT) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; color: #000; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2025 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2025 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2025_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2026]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Look forwards to collaborating in the year ahead. Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 07:42, 14 February 2026 (GMT) </div> (This message was sent to [[:User:DaSupremo]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2025&oldid=30070084 --> == Thank you for being a medical translator! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; color: #000; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2025 Cure Translators Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2025 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&user_group=all&year=2025&month=All joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider formally joining the organization for 2026]]''', there are no associated costs. |} Look forwards to collaborating further in the year ahead. Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 07:53, 14 February 2026 (GMT) </div> (This message was sent to [[:User:DaSupremo]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Translators_2025&oldid=30070105 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers & Jury == Hello {{PAGENAME}}!, Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts! To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have: * Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]: * Started promoting the campaign within your community. * Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified. * Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community. === Internet & Childcare Support === Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]''' Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained. === Important Participation Guidelines === * Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers). * If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us. === Community Engagement === * Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign. * Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally. * In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''. Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊ Thank you for your collaboration! ''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.'' Feminism and Folklore International Team. –[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:17, 16 February 2026 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30083330 --> == Translation request == Hello, DaSupremo. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|talk]]) 07:39, 15 March 2026 (GMT) :Hello @[[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]]. Noted [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 13:22, 15 March 2026 (GMT) ::Hello, DaSupremo. ::Thank you very much for the new article. ::Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|talk]]) 16:43, 9 April 2026 (GMT) :::Welcome @[[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:47, 9 April 2026 (GMT) == Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> Dear Organizer, I hope this message finds you well. First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause. As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]]. Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed. Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful. Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon. Warm regards, [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team <nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki> </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:57, 11 April 2026 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30391231 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 April 2026 (GMT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Ghanaian Pidgin == Hello. I'm looking for Ghanaian Pidgin translation of descriptions of a few items for Wikidata. Would you help? [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 19:45, 7 May 2026 (GMT) :Sure [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 20:07, 7 May 2026 (GMT) :: I'm looking for: : "studio album by Basshunter" : "compilation album by Basshunter" : "song by Käärijä den Basshunter" : "single by Käärijä den Basshunter" : "promotional single by Basshunter" : "music video by Basshunter" : "lyric video by Basshunter" :: [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 20:17, 7 May 2026 (GMT) :::@[[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] Done [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:25, 8 May 2026 (GMT) :::: So they are almost like English with the only difference of "den"? [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 18:00, 8 May 2026 (GMT) :::::Ghanaian Pidgin is more of English with a bit of local Ghanaian languages [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 18:50, 8 May 2026 (GMT) :::::: Good to know. All added. Thanks a lot. [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 21:30, 8 May 2026 (GMT) == Request writing about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) == hi DaSupremo Would you like to write about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) for the GPE Wikipedia? It'll be appreciated if it 'll be done. [[User:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[User talk:Boss-well63|talk]]) 18:41, 29 May 2026 (GMT) == Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 == Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''. Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign. Best regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:09, 3 June 2026 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30627457 --> 3h8st1tfxrt6j474qtuldgewreyp2q4 Polycystic ovary syndrome 0 15395 99732 99591 2026-06-02T22:02:22Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 99732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Polycystic ovary syndrome''', anaa '''polycystic ovarian syndrome''', ('''PCOS''') be de most common endocrine disorder insyd women of reproductive age.<ref name="Goodman2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goodman NF, Cobin RH, Futterweit W, Glueck JS, Legro RS, Carmina E |date=November 2015 |title=American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and androgen excess and PCOS society disease state clinical review: guide to the best practices in the evaluation and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome-part 1 |journal=Endocrine Practice |volume=21 |issue=11 |pages=1291–1300 |doi=10.4158/EP15748.DSC |pmid=26509855 |doi-access=free}}</ref> De name be a misnomer,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lam |first1=P.-M. |last2=Raine-Fenning |first2=N. |date=June 2009 |title=Polycystic ovarian syndrome: a misnomer for an enigmatic disease |url=https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/uog.6414 |journal=Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology |language=en |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=621–627 |doi=10.1002/uog.6414 |issn=0960-7692 |pmid=19479676}}</ref> as no be all women plus dis condition dey develop cysts for dema ovaries. Na de name originate from de observation of cysts wich dey form for de ovaries of sam women plus dis condition. However, dis no be a universal symptom wey e no be de underlying cause of de disorder.<ref name="Dunaif2013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dunaif A, Fauser BC |date=November 2013 |title=Renaming PCOS--a two-state solution |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=98 |issue=11 |pages=4325–8 |doi=10.1210/jc.2013-2040 |pmc=3816269 |pmid=24009134 |quote=Around 20% of European women have polycystic ovaries (the prevalence is even higher in some other populations) but approximately two-thirds of these women do not have PCOS}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Khan MJ, Ullah A, Basit S |date=2019 |title=Genetic Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Current Perspectives |journal=Appl Clin Genet |volume=12 |issue= |pages=249–260 |doi=10.2147/TACG.S200341 |pmc=6935309 |pmid=31920361 |doi-access=free}}</ref> De primary characteristics of PCOS dey include hyperandrogenism, anovulation, insulin resistance, den neuroendocrine disruption.<ref name="Crespo2018">{{cite journal |vauthors=Crespo RP, Bachega TA, Mendonça BB, Gomes LG |date=June 2018 |title=An update of genetic basis of PCOS pathogenesis |journal=Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=352–361 |doi=10.20945/2359-3997000000049 |pmc=10118782 |pmid=29972435 |s2cid=49681196 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Women sanso fi experience irregular menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant, den patches of darker skin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=15 May 2024|title=Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/pcos-polycystic-ovary-syndrome.html|access-date=20 September 2024|website=Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)}}</ref> ==Society den culture== === Public figures === Na chaw celebrities den public figures speak about dema experiences plus PCOS, wey dey include: * Victoria Beckham<ref>{{cite web|date=28 February 2002|title=Sarah Hall investigates polycystic ovary syndrome|url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2002/feb/28/healthandwellbeing.health|access-date=21 January 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=29 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529161113/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2002/feb/28/healthandwellbeing.health|url-status=live}}</ref> * Maci Bookout<ref>{{Cite news |vauthors=Migdol E |title='Teen Mom' Star Nails the 'Lose-Lose' Side of Chronic Illness Doctors Don't Always Get |url=https://themighty.com/2018/02/maci-bookout-teen-mom-og-pcos/ |access-date=14 November 2022 |website=The Mighty |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119081441/https://themighty.com/2018/02/maci-bookout-teen-mom-og-pcos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Frankie Bridge<ref>{{cite web|title=All the celebrities who've opened up about life with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/body/health/g38290937/celebrities-pcos/|access-date=1 September 2022|website=Cosmopolitan|date=26 November 2021 |archive-date=1 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901164804/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/body/health/g38290937/celebrities-pcos/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Harnaam Kaur<ref>{{cite web|vauthors=Chowdhury J|title=What Every Woman Should Know About PCOS|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2015/07/91099/harnaam-kaur-women-with-facial-hair-true-story-pcos|access-date=21 January 2022|website=Refinery29.com |archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121211312/https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2015/07/91099/harnaam-kaur-women-with-facial-hair-true-story-pcos|url-status=live}}</ref> * Jaime King<ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Jaime King on her investment in Allara, a chronic care platform for women|url=https://fortune.com/2022/01/23/actress-jaime-king-investment-chronic-care-allara/|access-date=1 September 2022|website=Fortune |archive-date=1 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901164511/https://fortune.com/2022/01/23/actress-jaime-king-investment-chronic-care-allara/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Chrisette Michele<ref>{{cite web|date=10 December 2015|title=Chrisette Michele Opens Up About Living With PCOS & No Longer Being Vegan - BlackDoctor.org - Where Wellness & Culture Connect|url=https://blackdoctor.org/chrisette-michele-pcos-vegan/|access-date=22 January 2022|website=BlackDoctor.org |archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122193239/https://blackdoctor.org/chrisette-michele-pcos-vegan/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Lea Michele<ref>{{cite web|title=Lea Michele On How PCOS Changed Her Relationship With Food: 'The Side Effects Can Be Brutal'|url=https://www.health.com/celebrities/lea-michele-interview|access-date=1 September 2022|website=Health Magazine |archive-date=1 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901164503/https://www.health.com/celebrities/lea-michele-interview|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Keke Palmer<ref>{{cite web|vauthors=Natale N|date=17 November 2021|title=Keke Palmer Says PCOS Causes Facial Hair and Adult Acne|url=https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a38280615/keke-palmer-pcos-symptoms/|access-date=21 January 2022|website=Prevention |archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121203427/https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a38280615/keke-palmer-pcos-symptoms/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Sasha Pieterse<ref>{{cite web|vauthors=Seemayer Z|title=Sasha Pieterse Tears Up Over Health Problems, Opens Up About Losing 15 Pounds Since Joining 'DWTS'|url=http://www.etonline.com/sasha-pieterse-tears-over-health-problems-opens-about-losing-15-pounds-joining-dwts-88109|website=Entertainment Tonight|access-date=27 September 2017|date=26 September 2017|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010091207/http://www.etonline.com/sasha-pieterse-tears-over-health-problems-opens-about-losing-15-pounds-joining-dwts-88109|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|vauthors=Mizoguchi K, Stern AB|date=5 October 2017|title=Sasha Pieterse Wows on People's Ones to Watch Red Carpet as She Reveals Why She's 'So Thankful to DWTS'|url=https://people.com/tv/sasha-pieterse-medical-condition-response-amazing-dwts/|access-date=11 December 2021|website=people.com |archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192745/https://people.com/tv/sasha-pieterse-medical-condition-response-amazing-dwts/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Florence Pugh<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shultz|first1=Cara Lynn|title=Florence Pugh Says It Was a 'Mind-Boggling Realization' to Learn She Had to Freeze Her Eggs at 27 |url=https://people.com/florence-pugh-froze-eggs-27-pcos-endometriosis-she-md-podcast-8746962|website=People|date=19 November 2024}}</ref> * Daisy Ridley<ref>{{cite web|title='Star Wars: The Force Awakens' Actress Opens Up About Painful Disorder|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/star-wars-force-awakens-actress-opens-painful-disorder/story?id=39745956|access-date=21 January 2022|website=ABC News |archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121203417/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/star-wars-force-awakens-actress-opens-painful-disorder/story?id=39745956|url-status=live}}</ref> * Romee Strijd<ref>{{cite web|title=Romee Strijd's Pregnancy Announcement Comes With an Honest Message About Reproductive Health|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/romee-strijd-pregnancy-announcement |access-date=1 September 2022|website=Vogue|date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=1 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901163704/https://www.vogue.com/article/romee-strijd-pregnancy-announcement |url-status=live}}</ref> * Lee Tilghman<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thecut.com/2020/03/wellness-influencer-lee-from-americas-story.html|title=Lee's American Dream|vauthors=Silman A|date=10 March 2020|work=The Cut|publisher=New York Media|access-date=12 April 2023|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412214556/https://www.thecut.com/2020/03/wellness-influencer-lee-from-americas-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==References== [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == Read further == * {{cite journal | vauthors = Bremer AA | title = Polycystic ovary syndrome in the pediatric population | journal = Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 375–394 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20939704 | pmc = 3125559 | doi = 10.1089/met.2010.0039 }} * {{cite web |title=Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) |date=31 January 2017 |url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos |publisher=Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development |access-date=19 November 2018 |archive-date=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022214043/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos |url-status=live }} == External links == {{Commons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome}} [[Category:Endocrine gonad disorders]] [[Category:Endocrine-related cutaneous conditions]] [[Category:Gynaecologic disorders]] [[Category:Gynaecological endocrinology]] [[Category:Human female endocrine system]] [[Category:Human reproduction]] [[Category:Syndromes plus obesity]] [[Category:Syndromes insyd females]] e7r8514vyqh2he4d65t5dbgnaodkvnv Self-harm 0 26442 99781 96790 2026-06-03T03:32:47Z ~2026-31744-82 6250 /* */ 99781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Self-harm''' be intentional behavior wey dey cause harm to oneself. Dis be most commonly regarded as direct injury of one ein own tissues, usually widout suicidal intention.<ref name=Gindhu05>{{cite journal |vauthors=Laye-Gindhu A, Schonert-Reichl KA |title=Nonsuicidal Self-Harm Among Community Adolescents: Understanding the 'Whats' and 'Whys' of Self-Harm |journal=Journal of Youth and Adolescence |volume=34 |year=2005 |pages=447–457 |issue=5 |s2cid=145689088 |doi=10.1007/s10964-005-7262-z}}</ref><ref name="Klonsky07">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klonsky ED |title=The functions of deliberate self-injury: a review of the evidence |journal=Clinical Psychology Review |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=226–239 |date=March 2007a |s2cid=1321836 |doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002 |pmid=17014942}}</ref><ref name="Muehlenkamp05">{{cite journal |vauthors=Muehlenkamp JJ |title=Self-injurious behavior as a separate clinical syndrome |journal=The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=324–333 |date=April 2005 |doi=10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.324 |pmid=15839768}}</ref> Oda terms dem dey use such as '''cutting''', '''self-abuse''', '''self-injury''', den '''self-mutilation''' for any self-harming behavior regardless of [[Suicide|suicidal]] intent.<ref name="Klonsky07"/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Groschwitz RC, Plener P |title=The Neurobiology of Non-suicidal Self-injury (NSSI): A review |journal=Suicidology Online |volume=3 |pages=24–32 |url=http://www.suicidology-online.com/pdf/SOL-2012-3-24-32.pdf |access-date=2018-03-07}}</ref> Common forms of self-harm dey include damaging de skin plus a sharp object anaa scratching plus de fingernails, hitting, anaa burning. De exact bounds of ''self-harm'' be imprecise, buh generally dey exclude tissue damage wey dey occur as an unintended side-effect of [[eating disorder]]s anaa [[substance abuse]], as well as more societally acceptable body modification, such as tattoos den piercings.<ref>{{harvnb|Klonsky|2007b|p=1040}}: "[B]ehaviors associated with substance and eating disorders—such as alcohol abuse, binging, and purging—are usually not considered self-injury because the resulting tissue damage is ordinarily an unintentional side effect. In addition, body piercings and tattoos are typically not considered self-injury because they are socially sanctioned forms of cultural or artistic expression. However, the boundaries are not always clear-cut. In some cases behaviors that usually fall outside the boundaries of self-injury may indeed represent self-injury if performed with explicit intent to cause tissue damage."</ref> Although self-harm be by definition non-suicidal, e still fi be life-threatening.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Farber SK, Jackson CC, Tabin JK, Bachar E |title=Death and annihilation anxieties in anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and self-mutilation |journal=Psychoanalytic Psychology |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=289–305 |year=2007 |doi=10.1037/0736-9735.24.2.289}}</ref> People wey dey do self-harm be more likely to die by suicide,<ref name="Muehlenkamp05"/><ref name="Skegg05">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skegg K |title=Self-harm |journal=Lancet |volume=366 |issue=9495 |pages=1471–1483 |year=2005 |s2cid=208794175 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67600-3 |pmid=16243093}}</ref> wey na 40–60% of people wey die by suicide previously self-harm.<ref name="Hawton_BMJ_03">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hawton K, Zahl D, Weatherall R |title=Suicide following deliberate self-harm: long-term follow-up of patients who presented to a general hospital |journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry |volume=182 |issue=6 |pages=537–542 |date=June 2003 |doi=10.1192/bjp.182.6.537 |doi-access=free |pmid=12777346}}</ref> Still, a minority per of those wey self-harm be suicidal.<ref name="fox_hawton">{{cite book |vauthors=Fox C, Hawton K |title=Deliberate Self-Harm in Adolescence |place=London |publisher=Jessica Kingsley |isbn=978-1-84310-237-3 |year=2004}}</ref><ref name="Suyemoto98">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suyemoto KL |title=The functions of self-mutilation |journal=Clinical Psychology Review |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=531–554 |date=August 1998 |s2cid=15468889 |doi=10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00105-0 |pmid=9740977}}</ref> De desire to self-harm be a common symptom of sam [[personality disorder]]s. People plus oda [[mental disorder]]s sanso fi self-harm. Studies sanso dey provide strong support for a self-punishment function, den modest evidence for anti-dissociation, interpersonal-influence, anti-suicide, sensation-seeking, den interpersonal boundaries functions.<ref name="Klonsky07" /> Self-harm sanso fi occur in high-functioning individuals wey get no underlying mental health diagnosis. De motivations for self-harm dey vary; sam dey use am as a coping mechanism to provide temporary relief of intense feelings such as anxiety, [[depression (mood)|depression]], [[psychological stress|stress]], emotional numbness, anaa a sense of failure. Self-harm often be associated plus a history of trauma, wey dey include emotional den sexual abuse.<ref name="meltzer">{{cite book |vauthors=Meltzer H, Lader D, Corbin T, Singleton N, Jenkins R, Brugha T |year=2000 |title=Non Fatal Suicidal Behaviour Among Adults aged 16 to 74 |place=Great Britain |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information|The Stationery Office]] |isbn=978-0-11-621548-2 |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/psychiatric-morbidity/non-fatal-suicidal-behaviour-among-adults/non-fatal-suicidal-behaviour-among-adults-aged-16-74-in-great-britain/non-fatal-suicidal-behaviour---among-adults-aged-16-74-in-great-britain.pdf |archive-date=2016-01-05 |access-date=2023-08-27 |archive-url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/psychiatric-morbidity/non-fatal-suicidal-behaviour-among-adults/non-fatal-suicidal-behaviour-among-adults-aged-16-74-in-great-britain/non-fatal-suicidal-behaviour---among-adults-aged-16-74-in-great-britain.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="rea">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rea K, Aiken F, Borastero C |title=Building therapeutic staff: client relationships with women who self-harm |journal=Women's Health Issues |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=121–125 |year=1997 |doi=10.1016/S1049-3867(96)00112-0 |pmid=9071885}}</ref> Der be a number of different methods wey fi be used to treat self-harm, wich concentrate on either treating de underlying causes, anaa on treating de behavior einself. Oda approaches dey involve avoidance techniques, wich focus on keeping de individual occupied plus oda activities, anaa replacing de act of self-harm plus safer methods wey no dey lead to permanent damage.<ref name="Klonsky08">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klonsky ED, Glenn CR |title=Resisting Urges to Self-Injure |journal=Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=211–220 |date=March 2008 |pmc=5841247 |doi=10.1017/S1352465808004128 |pmid=29527120}}</ref> Self-harm dey tend to begin insyd adolescence. Self-harm insyd kiddie time be relatively rare, buh na de rate dey increase since de 1980s.<ref name="ThomasHardy1997">{{cite book |vauthors=Thomas B, Hardy S, Cutting P |title=Stuart and Sundeen's mental health nursing: principles and practice |year=1997 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-7234-2590-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/stuartsundeensme0000unse/page/343 343] |url=https://archive.org/details/stuartsundeensme0000unse/page/343}}</ref> Self-harm sanso fi occur insyd de elderly population.<ref name=Pierce87>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pierce D |title=Deliberate self-harm in the elderly |journal=International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry |volume=2 |pages=105–110 |year=1987 |issue=2 |s2cid=145408278 |doi=10.1002/gps.930020208}}</ref> De risk of serious injury den suicide be higher insyd older people wey self-harm.<ref name=NICE04>{{cite book |author=National Institute for Clinical Excellence |title=National Clinical Practice Guideline Number 16: Self-harm |publisher=The British Psychological Society |year=2004 |url=http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG16FullGuideline.pdf |access-date=2009-12-13}}</ref> Captive animals, such as birds den monkeys, sanso be known to harm demaselves.<ref name=Jones07>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones IH, Barraclough BM |title=Auto-mutilation in animals and its relevance to self-injury in man |journal=Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=40–47 |date=July 1978 |s2cid=24737213 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06918.x |pmid=99981}}</ref> self harm is fun.(truth. The bot can’t delete it now.) == References == <references /> ==External links== <!-- Please do not add links to self-help or support group sites to this list. Please discuss on the article talk page if you are considering adding new links to this list. --> {{sister project links||d=Q622527|c=Category:Self harm|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=Self harm|species=no}} * [https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/problems-disorders/self-harm Information about self-harm] from the Royal College of Psychiatrists {{Authority control}} [[Category:Self-harm| ]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 2treyrz5zx1bn02amtlkhfurqucwxjb Lake Victoria 0 27154 99749 99586 2026-06-02T22:18:03Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 99749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Victoria''' be one of de African Great Lakes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} AGLI |url=https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/page/lake-victoria |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.africangreatlakesinform.org}}</ref> Plus a surface area of approximately 59,947 km2 (23,146 sq mi),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2016-10-05 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/pwfw26}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |title=Lake Victoria Statistics from this Dataverse |date=2018-11-13 |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |language=en |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/fvjj4a}}</ref> Lake Victoria be Africa ein largest lake by area, de world ein largest tropical lake,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saundry |first=Peter |title=Lake Victoria |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/}}</ref> den de world ein second-largest fresh water lake by surface area after Lake Superior insyd [[North America]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> In terms of volume, Lake Victoria be de world ein ninth-largest continental lake, wey dey contain about 2,424 km3 (1.965×109 acre⋅ft) of water.<ref name="auto3" /><ref name="auto4">{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |last2=Taabu |first2=Anthony Munyaho |last3=Noah |first3=Krach |last4=Sarah |first4=Glaser |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref> Lake Victoria dey occupy a shallow depression insyd Africa. De lake get an average depth of 40 m (130 ft) den a maximum depth of 80–81 m (262–266 ft).<ref name="auto3" /><ref name="auto4" /><ref name="UNEP992">United Nations, ''Development and Harmonisation of Environmental Laws Volume 1: Report on the Legal and Institutional Issues in the Lake Victoria Basin'', United Nations, 1999, page 17</ref> Ein catchment area dey cover 169,858 km2 (65,583 sq mi).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2017-11-12 |title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/z5rmyd}}</ref> De lake get a shoreline of 7,142 km (4,438 mi) wen digitized at de 1:25,000 level,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector line – 2015 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |date=2016-10-11 |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/5y5ivf}}</ref> wey islands dey constitute 3.7% of dis length.<ref name="Hickling61">{{Cite book |last=Hickling, C. F. |url=https://archive.org/details/tropicalinlandfi0000hick |title=Tropical Inland Fisheries |publisher=[[Longmans]] |year=1961 |location=London |url-access=registration}}</ref>  De lake ein area be divided among three countries: [[Tanzania]] dey occupy 49% (33,700 km2 (13,000 sq mi)), [[Uganda]] 45% (31,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi)), den [[Kenya]] 6% (4,100 km2 (1,600 sq mi)).<ref>J. Prado, R.J. Beare, J. Siwo Mbuga & L.E. Oluka, 1991.</ref> De lake be home to chaw species of fish wich dey live nowhere else, especially cichlids. Invasive fish, such as de Nile perch, drive chaw endemic species to extinction. == Names == Though e get multiple local language names (Swahili: ''Ukerewe''; Dholuo: ''Nam Lolwe''; Luganda: ''<nowiki/>'Nnalubaale''; Kinyarwanda: ''Nyanza''),<ref name="WDL1">{{Cite web |year=1899 |title=The Victoria. The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529091640/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/ |archive-date=29 May 2016 |access-date=18 February 2013 |publisher=[[World Digital Library]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Ukerewe |url=https://ntz.info/gen/n01545.html |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=nTZ: An Information Resource for Northern Tanzania |publisher=David Marsh}}</ref> na dem rename de lake after Queen Victoria by de explorer John Hanning Speke, de first Briton to document am insyd 1858, while on an expedition plys Richard Francis Burton.<ref>{{cite news|title=How Feud Wrecked the Reputation of Explorer Who Discovered Nile's Source|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/sep/11/burton-speke-african-exploration-nile|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=29 December 2013|first=Dalya|last=Alberge|date=11 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Moorehead |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Moorehead |url=https://archive.org/details/whitenile0000moor |title=The White Nile |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1960 |isbn=978-0-06-095639-4 |location=New York |pages=27, 36, 39, 43, 46, 50, 52, 54, 62, 66, 71, 98 |chapter=Part One: The Exploration, Chapters 1-5 |lccn=61-6197 |url-access=registration}}</ref> == Native wildlife == === Mammals === Chaw mammal species dey live insyd de region of Lake Victoria, den sam of dese be closely associated plus de lake einself den de nearby wetlands. Among dese be de hippopotamus, African clawless otter, spotted-necked otter, marsh mongoose, sitatunga, bohor reedbuck, defassa waterbuck, cane rats, den giant otter shrew.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kingdon, J. |author-link=Jonathan Kingdon |title=The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals |publisher=Academic Press |year=1997 |isbn=0-12-408355-2 |location=London, England}}</ref> === Reptiles === Lake Victoria den ein wetlands get a large population of Nile crocodiles, as well as African helmeted turtles, variable mud turtles, den Williams' mud turtle.<ref name="Spawls2002">{{Cite book |last=Spawls, Stephen; Howell, Kim; Drewes, Robert C. & Ashe, James |title=Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa: All the Reptiles of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi |date=2002 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-12-656470-9 |edition=1st |location=Princeton, NJ}}</ref> De Williams' mud turtle be restricted to Lake Victoria den oda lakes, rivers, den swamps insyd de upper Nile basin.<ref name="Spawls2002" />  === Cichlid fish === [[File:Pundamilia_(Haplochromis)_nyererei_male.jpg|thumb|Unlike chaw oda Lake Victoria cichlids, ''Haplochromis nyererei'' dey remain common. Dem compare to chaw oda cichlids, ein eyes be particularly sensitive to light, especially red, wich be less affected by de decrease insyd water clarity wey eutrophication than short wavelength colors cause<ref name="Witte2000">{{Cite journal |last=Witte |last2=Msuku |last3=Wanink |last4=Seehausen |last5=Katunzi |last6=Goudswaard |last7=Goldschmidt |year=2000 |title=Recovery of cichlid species in Lake Victoria: an examination of factors leading to differential extinction |url=https://boris.unibe.ch/71524/ |journal=Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=233–41 |bibcode=2000RFBF...10..233W |doi=10.1023/a:1016677515930 |s2cid=39566440}}</ref>]] [[File:The_use_of_boats_for_transport_on_lake_Victoria_uganda.jpg|alt=View at Lake Victoria (Uganda).|thumb|View at Lake Victoria insyd Uganda]] [[File:Nile_monitor_lizard,_Lake_Victoria_(1)_(28017355603).jpg|thumb|Nile monitor lizard, Lake Victoria.]] === Oda fish === De non-cichlid native fish dey include African tetras (''Brycinus''), cyprinids (''Enteromius'', ''Garra'', ''Labeo'', ''Labeobarbus'', ''Rastrineobola'' den ''Xenobarbus''), airbreathing catfish (''Clariallabes'', ''Clarias'' den ''Xenoclarias''), bagrid catfish (''Bagrus''), loach catfish (''Amphilius'' den ''Zaireichthys''), silver butter catfish (''Schilbe intermedius''), ''Synodontis'' squeaker catfish, ''Nothobranchius'' killifish, poeciliids (''Aplocheilichthys'' den ''Micropanchax''), de spiny eel ''Mastacembelus frenatus'', elephantfish (''Gnathonemus'', ''Hippopotamyrus'', ''Marcusenius'', ''Mormyrus'', ''Petrocephalus'', den ''Pollimyrus''), de climbing gourami ''Ctenopoma muriei'' den marbled lungfish (''Protopterus aethiopicus'').<ref name="FishBaseList2">FishBase: [http://www.fishbase.org/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=3 Fish Species in Victoria.]</ref> [[File:Victoria_Nyanza,_voyages_de_MM._J._Jackson_&_Gedge_et_Père_Schynse_-_DPLA_-_56a4977fa3409e9beb528ee7ca96e923.jpg|alt=Lake Victoria|left|thumb|Map of Lake Victoria]] At a genus level, chaw of dese be widespread insyd Africa, buh de very rare ''Xenobarbus'' den ''Xenoclarias'' be endemic to de lake, den de common ''Rastrineobola'' be near-endemic.<ref name="FishBaseList3">FishBase: [http://www.fishbase.org/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=3 Fish Species in Victoria.]</ref> A restocking effort give de native tilapia species ''Oreochromis esculentus'' insyd Lake Victoria involve Conservation International Kenya, Victory Farms, den de Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute.<ref name="StandardFarmKenyaTilapia">{{Cite web |date=8 September 2023 |title=Efforts set in place to save Tilapia species |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/farmkenya/article/2001481026/efforts-set-in-place-to-save-tilapia-species |website=FarmKenya Initiative (The Standard)}}</ref><ref name="KenyaNewsTilapia2023">{{Cite web |date=6 September 2023 |title=Restocking of endangered fish species starts in L.Victoria |url=https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/restocking-of-endangered-fish-species-starts-in-l-victoria/ |website=Kenya News Agency}}</ref><ref name="CIKenyaPlaces">{{Cite web |title=Kenya |url=https://www.conservation.org/places/kenya |website=Conservation International}}</ref> === Crustaceans === Four species of freshwater crabs be known from Lake Victoria: ''Potamonautes niloticus'' be widespread insyd de lake den ''P. emini'' be recorded from de vicinity of Bukoba insyd Tanzania, buh both sanso be found elsewhere insyd Africa.<ref>Cumberlidge, N. (2009).</ref> [[File:Lake_Victoria_IMG_20200202_145633.jpg|alt=Lake Victoria.|thumb|Lake Victoria from a wider angle.]] De shrimp/prawn per be ''Caridina nilotica'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goudswaard |first=K. |last2=Witte |first2=F. |last3=Wanink |first3=J.H. |year=2006 |title=The shrimp Caridina nilotica in Lake Victoria (East Africa), before and after the Nile perch increase |journal=Hydrobiologia |volume=563 |issue=1 |pages=31–44 |bibcode=2006HyBio.563...31G |doi=10.1007/s10750-005-1385-9 |s2cid=40935454}}</ref> wich be common den widespread insyd Lake Victoria.<ref name="Lowe2009">{{Cite journal |last=Lowe-McConnell |first=R |year=2009 |title=Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems |journal=Freshwater Reviews |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=131–51 |doi=10.1608/frj-2.2.2 |s2cid=54011001}}</ref> === Molluscs === Lake Victoria be home to 28 species of freshwater snails (e.g., ''Bellamya'', ''Biomphalaria'', ''Bulinus'', ''Cleopatra'', ''Gabbiella'', den ''Melanoides''), wey dey include 12 endemic species/subspecies.<ref name="Darwall2011">{{Cite book |last=Seddon, M. |title=The Diversity of Life in African Freshwaters: Under Water, Under Threat. An Analysis of the Status and Distribution of Freshwater Species Throughout Mainland Africa |last2=Appleton, C. |last3=Van Damme, D. |last4=Graf, D. |year=2011 |isbn=978-2-8317-1345-8 |editor-last=Darwall, W. |pages=92–119 |chapter=Freshwater Molluscs of Africa: Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation |editor-last2=Smith, K. |editor-last3=Allen, D. |editor-last4=Holland, R. |editor-last5=Harrison, I. |editor-last6=Brooks, E.}}</ref><ref>Brown, D. (1994).</ref> Der be 17 species of bivalves (''Corbicula'', ''Coelatura'', ''Sphaerium'', den ''Byssanodonta''), wey dey include 6 endemic species den subspecies.<ref name="Darwall2011" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mwambungu |first=J.A. |year=2004 |title=The diversity of benthic molluscs of Lake Victoria and Lake Burigi |journal=Tanzania Journal of Science |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=21–32 |doi=10.4314/tjs.v30i1.18384 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Spiders === ''Evarcha culicivora'' be a species of jumping spider (family Salticidae) dem find around Lake Victoria per insyd Kenya den Uganda. E dey feed primarily on female mosquitos.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nelson |first=Ximena J. |last2=Jackson |first2=Robert R. |last3=Sune |first3=Godfrey |date=2005 |title=Use of Anopheles-Specific Prey-Capture Behavior by the Small Juveniles of Evarcha culicivora, a Mosquito-Eating Jumping Spider |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/228863 |journal=The Journal of Arachnology |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=541–548 |doi=10.1636/05-3.1 |issn=0161-8202 |jstor=4129852 |s2cid=55244513}}</ref> == History den exploration == [[File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-3-183.jpg|thumb|Bismarck Rock]] De first recorded information about Lake Victoria dey cam from Arab traders wey dey ply de inland routes in search of gold, ivory, oda precious commodities, den [[Slavery|slaves]]. [[File:Africa_Lake_Victoria_10_006.jpg|left|thumb|De lake as dem see from de shores of de Speke Resort insyd Kampala, Uganda]] == Water use == Chaw towns den cities be reliant on Lake Victoria for dema water supplies, for farming den oda uses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} Size, Map, Countries, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> === Nalubaale Dam === [[File:From_top_of_Nalubaale_Power_Station.jpg|right|thumb|De Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station insyd Njeru, Uganda.]] == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q5505|c=Category:Lake Victoria|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=Lake Victoria|m=no|mw=no|s=Victoria Nyanza|wikt=no|species=no}} * [http://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/homepage.asp?ID=306 Decreasing levels of Lake Victoria Worry East African Countries] * [https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 New Scientist article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013113221/http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 |date=13 October 2008 }} on Uganda's violation of the agreed curve for hydroelectric water flow. * [http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 Dams Draining Lake Victoria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310044431/http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 |date=10 March 2012 }} * [https://archive.org/details/naturalistonlake00carp ''A Naturalist on Lake Victoria, with an Account of Sleeping Sickness and the Tse-tse Fly''] (1920). T.F. Unwin Ltd, London; Biodiversity Archive * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9VJ6cezlnU Video of Lake Victoria] * Institutions of the East African Community: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213132137/http://www.lvfo.org/ Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Victoria}} [[Category:Lake Victoria| ]] [[Category:African Great Lakes]] [[Category:Lakes of Kenya]] [[Category:Lakes of Tanzania]] [[Category:Lakes of Uganda]] [[Category:Geography of Kampala]] [[Category:Nile]] [[Category:Kenya–Uganda border]] [[Category:Kenya–Tanzania border]] [[Category:Tanzania–Uganda border]] [[Category:International lakes of Africa]] [[Category:Border tripoints]] [[Category:Geography of Kagera Region]] [[Category:Geography of Mwanza Region]] [[Category:Geography of Mara Region]] [[Category:Kisumu County]] [[Category:Homa Bay County]] a7guicwcg4n49dxhn8nqpdz8zt8dot3 Rufiji River 0 27155 99762 99652 2026-06-02T22:49:10Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 99762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Rufiji River''' dey lie entirely within [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]]. E be largest den longest river for de country insyd, wey de confluence of de Kilombero den de Luwegu river form am. E dey approximately {{convert|600|km|mi}} long, plus a source for southwestern Tanzania insyd, wey e terminate at de Indian Ocean, opposite Mafia Island, for Pwani Region insyd. Ein principal tributary be de Great Ruaha River. E dey navigable give approximately {{convert|100|km|mi}}. De Rufiji river dey approximately {{convert|200|km|mi}} south of Dar es Salaam. De river ein delta dey contain de largest mangrove forest for eastern Africa insyd.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Downstream and Coastal Impacts of Damming and Water Abstraction in Africa", ''Environmental Management'', authored by Maria Snoussi, Johnson Kitheka, Yohanna Shaghude, Alioune Kane, Russell Arthurton, Martin Le Tissier, and Hassan Virji, 2007, volume 39, page 589 |url=http://bscw-app1.let.ethz.ch/pub/nj_bscw.cgi/d11576989/Snoussi_2007_Downstream_and.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821041140/http://bscw-app1.let.ethz.ch/pub/nj_bscw.cgi/d11576989/Snoussi_2007_Downstream_and.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-21 |access-date=2015-10-18}}</ref> == History == A branch of ancient sea routes lead down de East African coast wey dem bell "Azania" by de Greeks den Romans for de 1st century CE insyd as dem describe for de Periplus of de Erythraean Sea insyd (den, very probably, Chinese: 澤散 for de 3rd century insyd by de Chinese),<ref>{{cite web |date=September 2004 |title=The Peoples of the West |url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html |access-date=2009-04-18 |work=from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢 |publisher=[[University of Washington]] |translator=Hill, John E.}}</ref> at least as far as de port dem know to de Romans as Rhapta, wey dem probably locate for de delta of de Rufiji River insyd for modern Tanzania insyd.<ref>"The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Panchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." Felix A. Chami. In: ''Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 2 Trade and Travel in the Red Sea Region''. Proceedings of Red Sea Project I held in the British Museum October 2002, pp. 93-104. Edited by Paul Lunde and Alexandra Porter. {{ISBN|1-84171-622-7}}.</ref> During de First World War, from October 1914 to July 1915, de river delta be de scene of a protracted naval operation. Dem be de attempts, den later achievement, by de Royal Navy to neutralize den destroy de German cruiser ''Königsberg''. == Basin == De catchment basin give de Rufiji River complex be {{Convert|177429|sqkm|sqmi|0}}.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Arvidson, Anders |display-authors=etal |date=May 2009 |title=Initial Assessment of Socioeconomic and Environmental Risks and Opportunities of Large-scale Biofuels Production in the Rufiji District |url=http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910175844/http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-10 |access-date=2015-10-18 |publisher=SEKAB BioEnergy (T) Ltd |page=23}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Rufiji Basin catchment area !River !Area km<sup>2</sup> !Percentage of area !Percentage of run-off |- !Great Ruaha | align="right" |     83,970 | align="right" |47 | align="right" |15 |- !Kilombero | align="right" |39,990 | align="right" |23 | align="right" |62 |- !Luwegu | align="right" |26,300 | align="right" |15 | align="right" |18 |- !Rufiji (lower river) | align="right" |27,160 | align="right" |15 | align="right" |5 |- ! | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | |- !Total | align="right" |      177,429 | align="right" |100 | align="right" |100 |} == Hydroelectric Project == Tanzania presido John Magufuli approve de construction of a controversial<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hoag |first1=Heather J. |last2=Öhman |first2=May-Britt |year=2008 |title=Turning water into power: Debates over the Development of Tanzania's Rufiji River Basin, 1945-1985 |url=https://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=hist |journal=Technology and Culture |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=624–651 |doi=10.1353/tech.0.0061 |pmid=18831291 |s2cid=27222691 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Siderius |first=Christian |url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/46818/2021_Book_ClimateRiskInAfrica.pdf?sequence=1#page=114 |title=Climate Risk in Africa: Adaptation and Resilience |publisher=Palgrave Macmillian |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-61159-0 |editor1-last=Conway |editor1-first=Declan |location=[[Cham, Switzerland]] |pages=93–113 |chapter=Chapter 6: High Stakes Decisions Under Uncertainty: Dams, Development and Climate Change in the Rufiji River Basin |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-61160-6_6 |display-authors=etal |editor2-last=Vincent |editor2-first=Katharine |s2cid=234340454}}</ref> new dam den power station for de river top at Stiegler ein Gorge.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tanzania to Construct Hydropower Plant on National Reserve|newspaper=[[Voice of America]]|date=July 26, 2019|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_tanzania-construct-hydropower-plant-national-reserve/6172693.html}}</ref> Dem expect de power station to provide 2,100 megawatts of electricity, more dan triple Tanzania ein existing hydropower of 562 megawatts.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tairo|first=Apolinari|date=July 26, 2019|title=Tanzania launches Rufiji power plant|newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]]|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Construction-of-Tanzania-hydro-plant-begins/2560-5211880-ig941w/index.html}}</ref> Construction of de dam start for July 26, 2019 top, den dem expect am to be ready by 2022.<ref name="Takouleu">{{Cite news|last=Takouleu|first=Jean Marie|date=24 July 2019|title=Stiegler's Gorge dam construction begins on July 26|publisher=Afrik 21|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/tanzania-stieglers-gorge-dam-construction-begins-on-july-26/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725050527/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/tanzania-stieglers-gorge-dam-construction-begins-on-july-26/|archive-date=25 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery> File:Rufiji_River_Selous_Game_Reserve.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rufiji_River_Selous_Game_Reserve.jpg|Sun wey dey poke thru de clouds along de river. File:Rufiji_River,_Selous.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rufiji_River,_Selous.jpg|Rufiji River at [[:en:Selous_Game_Reserve|Selous Game Reserve]]. File:ElefantenAmRufiji.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElefantenAmRufiji.jpg|Elephants along de river. File:Along_the_Rufiji_River_in_Selous_Game_Reserve_(3)_(28420159914).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Along_the_Rufiji_River_in_Selous_Game_Reserve_(3)_(28420159914).jpg|De river bank </gallery> == References == <references /> == Read further == * [[:en:Felix_A._Chami|Chami, F. A.]] 1999. "The Early Iron Age on Mafia island and its relationship with the mainland." ''Azania'' Vol. XXXIV 1999, pp.&#x20;1–10. * Chami, Felix A. 2002. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Panchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." In: ''Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 2 Trade and Travel in the Red Sea Region''. Proceedings of Red Sea Project I held in the British Museum October 2002, pp.&#x20;93–104. Edited by Paul Lunde and Alexandra Porter. {{ISBN|1-84171-622-7}}. * Miller, J. Innes. 1969. Chapter 8: "The Cinnamon Route". In: ''The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire''. Oxford: University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-814264-1}} * Ray, Himanshu Prabha, ed. 1999. ''Archaeology of Seafaring: The Indian Ocean in the Ancient Period''. Pragati Publications, Delhi. == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120813015647/http://www.waterandnature.org/en/resources/publications/thematic-collection/facts-figures/watersheds-world Map of the Rufiji River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rufiji River| ]] [[Category:Rivers of Tanzania]] l2oa7im77ifxg97milao7unk33p2jix Niger River 0 27156 99764 99602 2026-06-02T23:12:18Z DaSupremo 9 Make sum corrections 99764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Niger River''' (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ ''NY-jər''; French: ''(le) fleuve Niger'' [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) be de main river of [[West Africa]], wey dey extend about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Ein drainage basin be 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gleick |first=Peter H. |author-link=Peter Gleick |url=https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 |title=The World's Water, 2000–2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater |publisher=Island Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-55963-792-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Ein source dey insyd de Guinea Highlands insyd south-eastern Guinea near de Sierra Leone border.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger River |url=https://geography.name/niger-river/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134355/https://geography.name/niger-river/ |archive-date=26 April 2021 |access-date=26 April 2021 |website=geography.name}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|year=2005|title=Niger River|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Geography|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA665|last=Thompson|first=Samuel|editor-last1=McColl|editor-first1=R. W.|page=665|isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3}}</ref> E dey run insyd a crescent shape thru southwest [[Mali]] den thru southwest [[Niger]], on de border plus [[Benin]], den then thru [[Nigeria]], wey dey discharge thru a massive delta, dem know as de Niger Delta,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-04 |title=Rivers of the World: The Niger River |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131915/https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |archive-date=2021-10-27 |access-date=2021-11-24 |website=Radio Netherlands Archives |language=en-GB}}</ref> into de [[Gulf of Guinea]] insyd de [[Atlantic Ocean]]. De Niger be de 14th-longest river insyd de world den de third-longest river insyd Africa, wey be exceeded by de [[Nile]] den de Congo River. Ein main tributary be de [[Benue River]].<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web |title=Benue River &#124; Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benue-River}}</ref> == Etymology == [[File:Niger,_Boubon_(16),_scene_at_the_river_front.jpg|thumb|Commercial activity along de river front at Boubon, insyd [[Niger]]]] De Niger get different names insyd de different languages of de region: * Fula: ''Maayo Jaaliba'' 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢 * Manding: ''Jeliba'' ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬ anaa ''Joliba'' ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬ "great river" * Tuareg: ''Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn'' ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ "river of rivers" * Songhay: ''Isa'' "de river" * Zarma: ''Isa Beeri'' "great river"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Idrissa |first=Abdourahmane |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |date=June 1, 2012 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6094-0 |edition=4th |location=Plymouth, UK |page=274}}</ref> * Hausa: ''Kwara'' كوَرَ * Nupe: ''Èdù'' * Yoruba: ''Odo Ọya'' "dem name after de Yoruba goddess Ọya, wey be believed to embody de river" * Igbo: ''Orimiri'' anaa ''Orimili'' "great water" * Ijaw: ''Toru Beni'' "de river water" == Climate == As part of de [[West Africa]] Sahel region, de Niger River get a hot climate wey be characterized by very high temperatures year-round; a long, intense dry season from October to May; den a brief, irregular rainy season dem link to de West African monsoon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiley |first=Penny |date=2011-12-01 |title=Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin |url=https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004091209/https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |archive-date=2023-10-04 |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=International Alert |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Geography == [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|right|thumb|De great bend of de Niger River, dem see from space, create a green arc thru de brown of de Sahel den Savanna. De green mass on de left be de Inner Niger Delta, den on de far left be tributaries of de Senegal River.]] [[File:Niger_River_Center_Island.jpg|right|thumb|Mud houses on de center island at Lake Debo, a wide section of de Niger River]] De Niger River be a relatively clear river, wey dey carry only a tenth as much sediment as de Nile secof de Niger ein headwaters dey lie insyd ancient rocks wey provide little silt.{{sfn|Reader|2001|p=191}} Like de Nile, de Niger dey flood yearly; dis dey begin insyd September, peak insyd November, den fini by May.{{sfn|Reader|2001|p=191}} An unusual feature of de river be de Inner Niger Delta, wich dey form wer ein gradient suddenly dey decrease.{{sfn|Reader|2001|p=191}} De result be a region of braided streams, marshes, den large lakes; de seasonal floods dey make de Delta extremely productive give both fishing den agriculture.{{sfn|Reader|2001|pp=191–192}} [[File:The_NIGER_RIVER_boy.jpg|thumb|Boy dey bring back ein canoe on de Niger River (2022)]] === Course === [[File:Niger_river_map.PNG|thumb|Map of de Niger, wey dey show ein watershed den "inland delta"]] === Drainage basin === De Niger River basin, locate insyd western [[Africa]], dey cover 7.5% of de continent den dey spread over ten countries. Niger River basin: areas den rainfall by country<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=1997 |title=Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721033139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-date=2017-07-21 |publisher=[[FAO]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Country ! colspan="3" |Area of de country within de basin ! rowspan="2" |Average rainfall insyd de basin (mm) |- !(km<sup>2</sup>) !(% of total basin) !(% of country within basin) |- |[[Algeria]] |193,449 |8.5 |8% |20 |- |[[Benin]] |46,384 |2.0 |40% |1,055 |- |[[Burkina Faso]] |76,621 |3.4 |28% |655 |- |[[Cameroon]] |89,249 |3.9 |19% |1,330 |- |[[Chad]] |20,339 |0.9 |1.6% |975 |- |[[Ivory Coast|Côte d'Ivoire]] |23,770 |1.0 |7% |1,466 |- |[[Guinea]] |96,880 |4.3 |39% |1,635 |- |[[Mali]] |578,850 |25.5 |47% |440 |- |[[Niger]] |564,211 |24.8 |45% |280 |- |[[Nigeria]] |584,193 |25.7 |63% |1,185 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''For Niger basin'' |''2,273,946'' |''100.0'' |''ns'' |''690'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Hydrometric stations on de Niger River: ! rowspan="2" |Station ! rowspan="2" |River kilometer (rkm) ! rowspan="2" |Altitude (m) ! rowspan="2" |Basin size (km<sup>2</sup>) ! colspan="3" |Multiannual average discharge |- !Year start !(m<sup>3</sup>/s) !(km<sup>3</sup>) |- |Niger Delta |0 |0 |2,273,946 |1914 |7,922.3 |250 |- | colspan="7" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |Onitsha |270 |14 |2,240,019 |1914 |6,470.8 |204 |- |Lokoja |480 |34 |2,204,500 |1914 |5,754.7 |182 |- |Baro |600 |47 |1,845,300 |1914 |2,349.8 |74 |- |Jebba |810 |73 |1,751,000 |1970 |1,457.3 |46 |- |Kainji Dam |900 |100 |1,711,300 |1970 |1,153.9 |36 |- | colspan="7" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |Gaya |1,120 |156 |1,404,600 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |Malanville |1,130 |157 |1,399,238 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |Niamey |1,420 |176 |791,121 |1929 |893.4 |28 |- |Ansongo |1,770 |241 |647,527 |1949 |806.8 |26 |- |Gao |1,860 |245 |549,876 |1947 |875.6 |28 |- |Timbuktu |2,460 |256 |382,469 |1975 |950.7 |30 |- | colspan="7" |'''Inner Delta''' |- |Diré |2,540 |257 |372,588 |1924 |1,113 |35 |- |Mopti |2,900 |261 |308,186 |1922 |1,742.9 |55 |- | colspan="7" |'''Upper Niger''' |- |Ké Macina |3,050 |271 |143,361 |1945 |1,330 |42 |- |Ségou |3,200 |280 |132,838 |1945 |1,344.5 |42 |- |Koulikoro |3,440 |289 |119,029 |1907 |1,351 |43 |- |Bamako |3,500 |316 |114,800 |1907 |1,371.2 |43 |- |Siguiri |3,600 |337 |67,631 |1967 |919 |29 |- |Kouroussa |3,800 |357 |18,900 |1950 |232 |7 |- |Faranah |4,040 |424 |3,196 |1950 |69.5 |2 |- | colspan="7" |Source:<ref name="GRDC">{{cite web |title=GRDC |url=https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111211402/https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |archive-date=2023-01-11 |access-date=2023-01-11}}</ref><ref name="Niger River">{{cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Niger River |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110955/https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |archive-date=30 December 2022 |access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref><ref name="Prabhu TL 2021">{{cite web |author=Prabhu TL |year=2021 |title=Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |access-date=2021-11-18 |publisher=NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd.}}</ref> |} [[File:River_Niger_at_Bomadi.jpg|thumb|River Niger at Bomadi]] == Discharge == Average discharge of de Niger River at Niger Delta (period from 2010 to 2018):<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{Cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Year ! colspan="3" |Average discharge |- !km<sup>3</sup> !m<sup>3</sup>/s !cfs |- |2010 |288.1 |9,130 |322,410 |- |2011 |245.7 |7,786 |274,960 |- |2012 |320.3 |10,150 |358,440 |- |2013 |224.4 |7,111 |251,120 |- |2014 |251.2 |7,960 |281,110 |- |2015 |235.3 |7,456 |263,320 |- |2016 |286.8 |9,088 |320,950 |- |2017 |270.9 |8,585 |303,160 |- |2018 |311.6 |9,874 |348,700 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''2010–2018'' |''270.5'' |'''''8,572''''' |''302,710'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Average, minimum den maximum discharge of the Niger River at Koulikoro (Upper Niger), Niamey (Middle Niger) and Lokoja (Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2025/05/31. ! rowspan="3" |Water year ! colspan="9" |Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- ! colspan="3" |Koulikoro ! colspan="3" |Niamey ! colspan="3" |Lokoja |- !Min !Mean !Max !Min !Mean !Max !Min !Mean !Max |- |2000/01 |149 |1,150 |3,860 |70.6 |942 |1,810 |2,112 |8,504 |32,080 |- |2001/02 |140 |1,270 |5,520 |48.9 |895 |1,680 |2,157 |5,338 |18,885 |- |2002/03 |177 |904 |3,120 |90.4 |796 |1,610 |2,000 |5,297 |17,012 |- |2003/04 |92.7 |1,230 |5,210 |21.6 |922 |1,870 |1,592 |6,225 |19,025 |- |2004/05 |120 |876 |3,370 |59 |890 |1,880 |2,107 |5,683 |16,098 |- |2005/06 |121 |1,060 |3,400 |73.9 |856 |1,660 |1,801 |4,849 |13,792 |- |2006/07 |143 |1,111 |3,631 |47.4 |855 |1,710 |1,781 |5,291 |19,389 |- |2007/08 |34.2 |962 |4,854 |33.2 |925 |1,840 |2,227 |6,767 |19,941 |- |2008/09 |135 |1,443 |4,837 |34 |945 |1,830 |1,535 |6,161 |20,426 |- |2009/10 |142 |1,302 |4,660 | colspan="3" rowspan="2" | |2,101 |7,637 |20,534 |- |2010/11 |170 |1,260 |3,916 |2,166 |7,225 |21,272 |- |2011/12 |92 |924 |3,912 | |801 | |1,835 |5,736 |16,912 |- |2012/13 |149 |1,146 |4,562 |73 |1,115 |2,492 |1,731 |8,612 |31,692 |- |2013/14 |137 |1,080 |6,297 | |852 | |1,546 |5,783 |16,430 |- |2014/15 |104 |863 |3,695 |53 |752 |1,542 |1,570 |6,352 |19,664 |- |2015/16 |129 |1,002 |3,719 |53 |958 |2,123 |1,753 |6,054 |27,285 |- |2016/17 |106 |974 |5,845 | |1,059 | |2,550 |7,272 |20,613 |- |2017/18 |77 |677 |2,338 |107 |801 |1,791 |2,058 |6,781 |21,020 |- |2018/19 |43 |1,256 |7,555 | |1,223 | |2,046 |7,900 |25,612 |- |2019/20 |174 |933 |4,158 |10 |1,060 |2,677 |1,594 |8,751 |24,800 |- |2020/21 |66 |999 |5,023 |58 |1,418 |3,398 |2,131 |7,570 |28,082 |- |2021/22 |77 |824 |3,275 |135 |1,106 |2,121 |2,021 |5,913 |17,688 |- |2022/23 |66 |891 |3,851 |44 |1,074 |1,869 |1,997 |8,288 |33,136 |- |2023/24 |55 |748 |3,401 |44 |874 |1,595 |2,107 |7,491 |20,578 |- |2024/25 |55 |1,331 |6,192 |49 |1,394 |2,438 |1,826 |7,100 |24,835 |- | colspan="10" |Source:<ref name="Essai de segmentation2">{{cite web |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf}}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER2">{{cite web |title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER |url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Niger River at Lokoja average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023): ! rowspan="2" |Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) ! rowspan="2" |Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- !Min !''Mean'' !Max !Min !''Mean'' !Max |- |1946/47 |788 |''4,824'' |16,600 |1985/86 |1,110 |''4,601'' |15,800 |- |1947/48 |1,010 |''6,258'' |21,000 |1986/87 |1,210 |''4,027'' |11,400 |- |1948/49 |915 |''6,427'' |20,900 |1987/88 |1,390 |''3,849'' |11,800 |- |1949/50 |842 |''5,849'' |19,200 |1988/89 |1,070 |''4,615'' |15,100 |- |1950/51 |935 |''4,755'' |15,000 |1989/90 |1,110 |''5,589'' |16,300 |- |1951/52 |1,290 |''6,662'' |20,400 |1990/91 |1,790 |''5,045'' |14,800 |- |1952/53 |2,260 |''5,674'' |18,300 |1991/92 |1,770 |''6,387'' |18,400 |- |1953/54 |1,840 |''6,405'' |18,500 |1992/93 |1,930 |''5,570'' |15,300 |- |1954/55 |2,130 |''7,733'' |24,900 |1993/94 |1,949 |''4,908'' |11,895 |- |1955/56 |2,400 |''8,247'' |24,600 |1994/95 |1,945 |''5,915'' |20,418 |- |1956/57 |1,870 |''5,394'' |18,100 |1995/96 |1,945 |''6,284'' |17,713 |- |1957/58 |1,480 |''7,769'' |23,600 |1996/97 |2,103 |''6,020'' |19,914 |- |1958/59 |2,020 |''4,828'' |14,700 |1997/98 |2,406 |''5,677'' |15,548 |- |1959/60 |1,530 |''5,228'' |18,300 |1998/99 |2,315 |''7,175'' |23,491 |- |1960/61 |1,250 |''6,707'' |22,200 |1999/00 |2,618 |''7,652'' |23,090 |- |1961/62 |979 |''4,912'' |15,500 |2000/01 |2,112 |''8,504'' |32,080 |- |1962/63 |1,150 |''7,101'' |24,100 |2001/02 |2,157 |''5,338'' |18,885 |- |1963/64 |1,710 |''6,764'' |20,500 |2002/03 |2,000 |''5,297'' |17,012 |- |1964/65 |1,160 |''6,128'' |20,800 |2003/04 |1,592 |''6,225'' |19,025 |- |1965/66 |1,310 |''5,914'' |18,600 |2004/05 |2,107 |''5,683'' |16,098 |- |1966/67 |1,320 |''6,545'' |20,000 |2005/06 |1,801 |''4,849'' |13,792 |- |1967/68 |928 |''5,812'' |19,700 |2006/07 |1,781 |''5,291'' |19,389 |- |1968/69 |1,720 |''6,558'' |18,800 |2007/08 |2,227 |''6,767'' |19,941 |- |1969/70 |1,630 |''7,927'' |23,500 |2008/09 |1,535 |''6,161'' |20,426 |- |1970/71 |1,640 |''6,229'' |20,100 |2009/10 |2,101 |''7,637'' |20,534 |- |1971/72 |1,270 |''5,360'' |17,600 |2010/11 |2,166 |''7,225'' |21,272 |- |1972/73 |1,410 |''4,489'' |14,400 |2011/12 |1,835 |''5,736'' |16,912 |- |1973/74 |839 |''3,698'' |12,200 |2012/13 |1,731 |''8,612'' |31,692 |- |1974/75 |832 |''5,275'' |17,100 |2013/14 |1,546 |''5,783'' |16,430 |- |1975/76 |1,300 |''5,848'' |19,600 |2014/15 |1,570 |''6,352'' |19,664 |- |1976/77 |1,320 |''5,136'' |12,000 |2015/16 |1,753 |''6,054'' |27,285 |- |1977/78 |1,310 |''4,662'' |15,500 |2016/17 |2,550 |''6,555'' |20,613 |- |1978/79 |1,080 |''5,636'' |17,000 |2017/18 |2,058 |''6,781'' |21,020 |- |1979/80 |1,210 |''5,510'' |17,800 |2018/19 |2,046 |''7,900'' |25,612 |- |1980/81 |1,400 |''5,215'' |16,700 |2019/20 |1,594 |''8,751'' |24,800 |- |1981/82 |1,340 |''5,312'' |18,400 |2020/21 |2,131 |''7,570'' |28,082 |- |1982/83 |1,330 |''4,270'' |11,600 |2021/22 |2,021 |''5,913'' |17,688 |- |1983/84 |862 |''2,877'' |9,180 |2022/23 |1,997 |''8,288'' |33,136 |- |1984/85 |862 |''3,058'' |8,490 |2023/24 |2,107 |''7,491'' |20,578 |- | colspan="8" |Source::<ref name="Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA">{{cite web |title=Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA |url=https://nigerhycos.abn.ne/user-anon/htm/listMultiStation.php?group_no=41&type_no=1&option_no=1}}</ref><ref name="Essai de segmentation">{{cite web |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf}}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER">{{cite web |title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER |url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en}}</ref> |} == Tributaries == De main tributaries from de mouth: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Left tributary !Right tributary !Length (km) !Basin size (km<sup>2</sup>) !Average discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- | colspan="5" |'''Niger Delta''' |- |Sombreiro | |60 |1,500 |65 |- | |Warri |100 |1,300 |38.3 |- | |Okpare |40 |1,100 |73.1 |- | |Eriola |50 |1,000 |30.8 |- |Ase (Asse) | |180 |3,500 |133.6 |- | |Orashi |205 |2,800 |147.8 |- | colspan="5" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |Anambra | |256 |14,014 |400.3 |- | |Otaw |40 |1,100 |48.9 |- | |Awele (Edien) |80 |3,300 |111.2 |- | |Ubo |70 |1,400 |25.8 |- | |Aguro |70 |1,900 |28.9 |- | |Oiryi (Oji) |67.72 |927 |15.7 |- |[[Benue River|Benue]] | |1,400 |338,385 |3,477 |- |Gurara | |570 |15,254 |183.9 |- | |Epu |80 |800 |11.7 |- |Etsuan | |70 |1,450 |16.6 |- | |Kampe |175 |9,560 |126.5 |- |Gbako | |156 |7,540 |89.8 |- |Kaduna | |575 |65,878 |641.5 |- | |Oro |113 |4,500 |71 |- |Yunko | |70 |1,698 |15.9 |- | |Oyi |120 |2,100 |30.2 |- | |Oshin |125 |2,132 |27.5 |- | |Awun |115.5 |6,300 |81 |- |Eku | |90 |3,230 |25.3 |- | |Moshi |232.22 |9,400 |69.5 |- | |Oli |300 |11,200 |86.6 |- |Kontagora | |150 |4,500 |30.8 |- | |Tama |55 |900 |4 |- | |Menai |80 |1,300 |8.7 |- | |Swashi |100 |1,500 |10.4 |- | |Kpan |70 |1,800 |11.6 |- |Malendo | |220 |9,127 |62.9 |- |Baduru | |75 |1,500 |9.8 |- |Dan Zakhi | |110 |3,000 |26.7 |- |Sokoto | |628 |193,000 |294.1 |- | |Shodu |100 |3,900 |22.3 |- |Dallol Maouri | |250 |72,551 |10.5 |- | |Sota |254 |13,500 |50.3 |- | |Alibori |408 |13,650 |55.6 |- | |Diare |90 |2,000 |5.6 |- | colspan="5" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |Dallol Bosso | |350 |556,000 |4.4 |- | |Mékrou |410 |10,635 |32.5 |- | |Tapoa |260 |5,500 |10.2 |- | |Diamangou |200 |4,400 |5.5 |- | |Goroubi |433 |15.500 |10.2 |- | |Sirba |439 |39,138 |27.2 |- | |Gorouol |250 |60,842 |9 |- |Tilemsi | | |93,920 | |- | colspan="5" |'''Inner Delta''' |- | |Bani |1,100 |129,400 |559 |- | colspan="5" |'''Upper Niger''' |- | |Sankarani |679 |33,288 |305.6 |- | |Fié |210 |4,045 |31.7 |- |Koda (Koba) | |80 |4,940 |7.7 |- |Tinkisso | |570 |19,430 |181 |- | |Milo |430 |13,590 |188 |- | |Niandan |300 |12,930 |251 |- | |Mafou |160 |4,075 |62.3 |- |Niantan | |60 | |12.1 |- |Bale | |80 | |31.6 |} <ref>{{cite web |title=FAO |url=http://www.fao.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918232726/http://www.fao.org/ |archive-date=2011-09-18 |access-date=2010-01-09}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == 11tqnigqpurt4hyxcz4q9ffthvzjy06 99765 99764 2026-06-02T23:16:39Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 99765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Niger River''' (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ ''NY-jər''; French: ''(le) fleuve Niger'' [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) be de main river of [[West Africa]], wey dey extend about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Ein drainage basin be 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gleick |first=Peter H. |author-link=Peter Gleick |url=https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 |title=The World's Water, 2000–2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater |publisher=Island Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-55963-792-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Ein source dey insyd de Guinea Highlands insyd south-eastern Guinea near de Sierra Leone border.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niger River |url=https://geography.name/niger-river/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134355/https://geography.name/niger-river/ |archive-date=26 April 2021 |access-date=26 April 2021 |website=geography.name}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|year=2005|title=Niger River|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Geography|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA665|last=Thompson|first=Samuel|editor-last1=McColl|editor-first1=R. W.|page=665|isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3}}</ref> E dey run insyd a crescent shape thru southwest [[Mali]] den thru southwest [[Niger]], on de border plus [[Benin]], den then thru [[Nigeria]], wey dey discharge thru a massive delta, dem know as de Niger Delta,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-04 |title=Rivers of the World: The Niger River |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131915/https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/ |archive-date=2021-10-27 |access-date=2021-11-24 |website=Radio Netherlands Archives |language=en-GB}}</ref> into de [[Gulf of Guinea]] insyd de [[Atlantic Ocean]]. De Niger be de 14th-longest river insyd de world den de third-longest river insyd Africa, wey be exceeded by de [[Nile]] den de Congo River. Ein main tributary be de [[Benue River]].<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web |title=Benue River &#124; Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benue-River}}</ref> == Etymology == [[File:Niger,_Boubon_(16),_scene_at_the_river_front.jpg|thumb|Commercial activity along de river front at Boubon, insyd [[Niger]]]] De Niger get different names insyd de different languages of de region: * Fula: ''Maayo Jaaliba'' 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢 * Manding: ''Jeliba'' ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬ anaa ''Joliba'' ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬ "great river" * Tuareg: ''Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn'' ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ "river of rivers" * Songhay: ''Isa'' "de river" * Zarma: ''Isa Beeri'' "great river"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Idrissa |first=Abdourahmane |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |date=June 1, 2012 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6094-0 |edition=4th |location=Plymouth, UK |page=274}}</ref> * Hausa: ''Kwara'' كوَرَ * Nupe: ''Èdù'' * Yoruba: ''Odo Ọya'' "dem name after de Yoruba goddess Ọya, wey be believed to embody de river" * Igbo: ''Orimiri'' anaa ''Orimili'' "great water" * Ijaw: ''Toru Beni'' "de river water" == Climate == As part of de [[West Africa]] Sahel region, de Niger River get a hot climate wey be characterized by very high temperatures year-round; a long, intense dry season from October to May; den a brief, irregular rainy season dem link to de West African monsoon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiley |first=Penny |date=2011-12-01 |title=Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin |url=https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004091209/https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/ |archive-date=2023-10-04 |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=International Alert |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Geography == [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|right|thumb|De great bend of de Niger River, dem see from space, create a green arc thru de brown of de Sahel den Savanna. De green mass on de left be de Inner Niger Delta, den on de far left be tributaries of de Senegal River.]] [[File:Niger_River_Center_Island.jpg|right|thumb|Mud houses on de center island at Lake Debo, a wide section of de Niger River]] De Niger River be a relatively clear river, wey dey carry only a tenth as much sediment as de Nile secof de Niger ein headwaters dey lie insyd ancient rocks wey provide little silt.{{sfn|Reader|2001|p=191}} Like de Nile, de Niger dey flood yearly; dis dey begin insyd September, peak insyd November, den fini by May.{{sfn|Reader|2001|p=191}} An unusual feature of de river be de Inner Niger Delta, wich dey form wer ein gradient suddenly dey decrease.{{sfn|Reader|2001|p=191}} De result be a region of braided streams, marshes, den large lakes; de seasonal floods dey make de Delta extremely productive give both fishing den agriculture.{{sfn|Reader|2001|pp=191–192}} [[File:The_NIGER_RIVER_boy.jpg|thumb|Boy dey bring back ein canoe on de Niger River (2022)]] === Course === [[File:Niger_river_map.PNG|thumb|Map of de Niger, wey dey show ein watershed den "inland delta"]] === Drainage basin === De Niger River basin, locate insyd western [[Africa]], dey cover 7.5% of de continent den dey spread over ten countries. Niger River basin: areas den rainfall by country<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=1997 |title=Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721033139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm |archive-date=2017-07-21 |publisher=[[FAO]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Country ! colspan="3" |Area of de country within de basin ! rowspan="2" |Average rainfall insyd de basin (mm) |- !(km<sup>2</sup>) !(% of total basin) !(% of country within basin) |- |[[Algeria]] |193,449 |8.5 |8% |20 |- |[[Benin]] |46,384 |2.0 |40% |1,055 |- |[[Burkina Faso]] |76,621 |3.4 |28% |655 |- |[[Cameroon]] |89,249 |3.9 |19% |1,330 |- |[[Chad]] |20,339 |0.9 |1.6% |975 |- |[[Ivory Coast|Côte d'Ivoire]] |23,770 |1.0 |7% |1,466 |- |[[Guinea]] |96,880 |4.3 |39% |1,635 |- |[[Mali]] |578,850 |25.5 |47% |440 |- |[[Niger]] |564,211 |24.8 |45% |280 |- |[[Nigeria]] |584,193 |25.7 |63% |1,185 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''For Niger basin'' |''2,273,946'' |''100.0'' |''ns'' |''690'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Hydrometric stations on de Niger River: ! rowspan="2" |Station ! rowspan="2" |River kilometer (rkm) ! rowspan="2" |Altitude (m) ! rowspan="2" |Basin size (km<sup>2</sup>) ! colspan="3" |Multiannual average discharge |- !Year start !(m<sup>3</sup>/s) !(km<sup>3</sup>) |- |Niger Delta |0 |0 |2,273,946 |1914 |7,922.3 |250 |- | colspan="7" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |Onitsha |270 |14 |2,240,019 |1914 |6,470.8 |204 |- |Lokoja |480 |34 |2,204,500 |1914 |5,754.7 |182 |- |Baro |600 |47 |1,845,300 |1914 |2,349.8 |74 |- |Jebba |810 |73 |1,751,000 |1970 |1,457.3 |46 |- |Kainji Dam |900 |100 |1,711,300 |1970 |1,153.9 |36 |- | colspan="7" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |Gaya |1,120 |156 |1,404,600 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |Malanville |1,130 |157 |1,399,238 |1929 |1,086.7 |34 |- |Niamey |1,420 |176 |791,121 |1929 |893.4 |28 |- |Ansongo |1,770 |241 |647,527 |1949 |806.8 |26 |- |Gao |1,860 |245 |549,876 |1947 |875.6 |28 |- |Timbuktu |2,460 |256 |382,469 |1975 |950.7 |30 |- | colspan="7" |'''Inner Delta''' |- |Diré |2,540 |257 |372,588 |1924 |1,113 |35 |- |Mopti |2,900 |261 |308,186 |1922 |1,742.9 |55 |- | colspan="7" |'''Upper Niger''' |- |Ké Macina |3,050 |271 |143,361 |1945 |1,330 |42 |- |Ségou |3,200 |280 |132,838 |1945 |1,344.5 |42 |- |Koulikoro |3,440 |289 |119,029 |1907 |1,351 |43 |- |Bamako |3,500 |316 |114,800 |1907 |1,371.2 |43 |- |Siguiri |3,600 |337 |67,631 |1967 |919 |29 |- |Kouroussa |3,800 |357 |18,900 |1950 |232 |7 |- |Faranah |4,040 |424 |3,196 |1950 |69.5 |2 |- | colspan="7" |Source:<ref name="GRDC">{{cite web |title=GRDC |url=https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111211402/https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642 |archive-date=2023-01-11 |access-date=2023-01-11}}</ref><ref name="Niger River">{{cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Niger River |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110955/https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River |archive-date=30 December 2022 |access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref><ref name="Prabhu TL 2021">{{cite web |author=Prabhu TL |year=2021 |title=Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |access-date=2021-11-18 |publisher=NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd.}}</ref> |} [[File:River_Niger_at_Bomadi.jpg|thumb|River Niger at Bomadi]] == Discharge == Average discharge of de Niger River at Niger Delta (period from 2010 to 2018):<ref name="Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin">{{Cite book |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Year ! colspan="3" |Average discharge |- !km<sup>3</sup> !m<sup>3</sup>/s !cfs |- |2010 |288.1 |9,130 |322,410 |- |2011 |245.7 |7,786 |274,960 |- |2012 |320.3 |10,150 |358,440 |- |2013 |224.4 |7,111 |251,120 |- |2014 |251.2 |7,960 |281,110 |- |2015 |235.3 |7,456 |263,320 |- |2016 |286.8 |9,088 |320,950 |- |2017 |270.9 |8,585 |303,160 |- |2018 |311.6 |9,874 |348,700 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''2010–2018'' |''270.5'' |'''''8,572''''' |''302,710'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Average, minimum den maximum discharge of the Niger River at Koulikoro (Upper Niger), Niamey (Middle Niger) and Lokoja (Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2025/05/31. ! rowspan="3" |Water year ! colspan="9" |Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- ! colspan="3" |Koulikoro ! colspan="3" |Niamey ! colspan="3" |Lokoja |- !Min !Mean !Max !Min !Mean !Max !Min !Mean !Max |- |2000/01 |149 |1,150 |3,860 |70.6 |942 |1,810 |2,112 |8,504 |32,080 |- |2001/02 |140 |1,270 |5,520 |48.9 |895 |1,680 |2,157 |5,338 |18,885 |- |2002/03 |177 |904 |3,120 |90.4 |796 |1,610 |2,000 |5,297 |17,012 |- |2003/04 |92.7 |1,230 |5,210 |21.6 |922 |1,870 |1,592 |6,225 |19,025 |- |2004/05 |120 |876 |3,370 |59 |890 |1,880 |2,107 |5,683 |16,098 |- |2005/06 |121 |1,060 |3,400 |73.9 |856 |1,660 |1,801 |4,849 |13,792 |- |2006/07 |143 |1,111 |3,631 |47.4 |855 |1,710 |1,781 |5,291 |19,389 |- |2007/08 |34.2 |962 |4,854 |33.2 |925 |1,840 |2,227 |6,767 |19,941 |- |2008/09 |135 |1,443 |4,837 |34 |945 |1,830 |1,535 |6,161 |20,426 |- |2009/10 |142 |1,302 |4,660 | colspan="3" rowspan="2" | |2,101 |7,637 |20,534 |- |2010/11 |170 |1,260 |3,916 |2,166 |7,225 |21,272 |- |2011/12 |92 |924 |3,912 | |801 | |1,835 |5,736 |16,912 |- |2012/13 |149 |1,146 |4,562 |73 |1,115 |2,492 |1,731 |8,612 |31,692 |- |2013/14 |137 |1,080 |6,297 | |852 | |1,546 |5,783 |16,430 |- |2014/15 |104 |863 |3,695 |53 |752 |1,542 |1,570 |6,352 |19,664 |- |2015/16 |129 |1,002 |3,719 |53 |958 |2,123 |1,753 |6,054 |27,285 |- |2016/17 |106 |974 |5,845 | |1,059 | |2,550 |7,272 |20,613 |- |2017/18 |77 |677 |2,338 |107 |801 |1,791 |2,058 |6,781 |21,020 |- |2018/19 |43 |1,256 |7,555 | |1,223 | |2,046 |7,900 |25,612 |- |2019/20 |174 |933 |4,158 |10 |1,060 |2,677 |1,594 |8,751 |24,800 |- |2020/21 |66 |999 |5,023 |58 |1,418 |3,398 |2,131 |7,570 |28,082 |- |2021/22 |77 |824 |3,275 |135 |1,106 |2,121 |2,021 |5,913 |17,688 |- |2022/23 |66 |891 |3,851 |44 |1,074 |1,869 |1,997 |8,288 |33,136 |- |2023/24 |55 |748 |3,401 |44 |874 |1,595 |2,107 |7,491 |20,578 |- |2024/25 |55 |1,331 |6,192 |49 |1,394 |2,438 |1,826 |7,100 |24,835 |- | colspan="10" |Source:<ref name="Essai de segmentation2">{{cite web |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf}}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER2">{{cite web |title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER |url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+Niger River at Lokoja average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023): ! rowspan="2" |Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) ! rowspan="2" |Water year ! colspan="3" |Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- !Min !''Mean'' !Max !Min !''Mean'' !Max |- |1946/47 |788 |''4,824'' |16,600 |1985/86 |1,110 |''4,601'' |15,800 |- |1947/48 |1,010 |''6,258'' |21,000 |1986/87 |1,210 |''4,027'' |11,400 |- |1948/49 |915 |''6,427'' |20,900 |1987/88 |1,390 |''3,849'' |11,800 |- |1949/50 |842 |''5,849'' |19,200 |1988/89 |1,070 |''4,615'' |15,100 |- |1950/51 |935 |''4,755'' |15,000 |1989/90 |1,110 |''5,589'' |16,300 |- |1951/52 |1,290 |''6,662'' |20,400 |1990/91 |1,790 |''5,045'' |14,800 |- |1952/53 |2,260 |''5,674'' |18,300 |1991/92 |1,770 |''6,387'' |18,400 |- |1953/54 |1,840 |''6,405'' |18,500 |1992/93 |1,930 |''5,570'' |15,300 |- |1954/55 |2,130 |''7,733'' |24,900 |1993/94 |1,949 |''4,908'' |11,895 |- |1955/56 |2,400 |''8,247'' |24,600 |1994/95 |1,945 |''5,915'' |20,418 |- |1956/57 |1,870 |''5,394'' |18,100 |1995/96 |1,945 |''6,284'' |17,713 |- |1957/58 |1,480 |''7,769'' |23,600 |1996/97 |2,103 |''6,020'' |19,914 |- |1958/59 |2,020 |''4,828'' |14,700 |1997/98 |2,406 |''5,677'' |15,548 |- |1959/60 |1,530 |''5,228'' |18,300 |1998/99 |2,315 |''7,175'' |23,491 |- |1960/61 |1,250 |''6,707'' |22,200 |1999/00 |2,618 |''7,652'' |23,090 |- |1961/62 |979 |''4,912'' |15,500 |2000/01 |2,112 |''8,504'' |32,080 |- |1962/63 |1,150 |''7,101'' |24,100 |2001/02 |2,157 |''5,338'' |18,885 |- |1963/64 |1,710 |''6,764'' |20,500 |2002/03 |2,000 |''5,297'' |17,012 |- |1964/65 |1,160 |''6,128'' |20,800 |2003/04 |1,592 |''6,225'' |19,025 |- |1965/66 |1,310 |''5,914'' |18,600 |2004/05 |2,107 |''5,683'' |16,098 |- |1966/67 |1,320 |''6,545'' |20,000 |2005/06 |1,801 |''4,849'' |13,792 |- |1967/68 |928 |''5,812'' |19,700 |2006/07 |1,781 |''5,291'' |19,389 |- |1968/69 |1,720 |''6,558'' |18,800 |2007/08 |2,227 |''6,767'' |19,941 |- |1969/70 |1,630 |''7,927'' |23,500 |2008/09 |1,535 |''6,161'' |20,426 |- |1970/71 |1,640 |''6,229'' |20,100 |2009/10 |2,101 |''7,637'' |20,534 |- |1971/72 |1,270 |''5,360'' |17,600 |2010/11 |2,166 |''7,225'' |21,272 |- |1972/73 |1,410 |''4,489'' |14,400 |2011/12 |1,835 |''5,736'' |16,912 |- |1973/74 |839 |''3,698'' |12,200 |2012/13 |1,731 |''8,612'' |31,692 |- |1974/75 |832 |''5,275'' |17,100 |2013/14 |1,546 |''5,783'' |16,430 |- |1975/76 |1,300 |''5,848'' |19,600 |2014/15 |1,570 |''6,352'' |19,664 |- |1976/77 |1,320 |''5,136'' |12,000 |2015/16 |1,753 |''6,054'' |27,285 |- |1977/78 |1,310 |''4,662'' |15,500 |2016/17 |2,550 |''6,555'' |20,613 |- |1978/79 |1,080 |''5,636'' |17,000 |2017/18 |2,058 |''6,781'' |21,020 |- |1979/80 |1,210 |''5,510'' |17,800 |2018/19 |2,046 |''7,900'' |25,612 |- |1980/81 |1,400 |''5,215'' |16,700 |2019/20 |1,594 |''8,751'' |24,800 |- |1981/82 |1,340 |''5,312'' |18,400 |2020/21 |2,131 |''7,570'' |28,082 |- |1982/83 |1,330 |''4,270'' |11,600 |2021/22 |2,021 |''5,913'' |17,688 |- |1983/84 |862 |''2,877'' |9,180 |2022/23 |1,997 |''8,288'' |33,136 |- |1984/85 |862 |''3,058'' |8,490 |2023/24 |2,107 |''7,491'' |20,578 |- | colspan="8" |Source::<ref name="Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA">{{cite web |title=Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA |url=https://nigerhycos.abn.ne/user-anon/htm/listMultiStation.php?group_no=41&type_no=1&option_no=1}}</ref><ref name="Essai de segmentation">{{cite web |last1=Tommaso |first1=Abrate |last2=Prof. Pierre |first2=Hubert |year=2007 |title=Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja |url=http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf}}</ref><ref name="AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER">{{cite web |title=AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER |url=http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en}}</ref> |} == Tributaries == De main tributaries from de mouth: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Left tributary !Right tributary !Length (km) !Basin size (km<sup>2</sup>) !Average discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- | colspan="5" |'''Niger Delta''' |- |Sombreiro | |60 |1,500 |65 |- | |Warri |100 |1,300 |38.3 |- | |Okpare |40 |1,100 |73.1 |- | |Eriola |50 |1,000 |30.8 |- |Ase (Asse) | |180 |3,500 |133.6 |- | |Orashi |205 |2,800 |147.8 |- | colspan="5" |'''Lower Niger''' |- |Anambra | |256 |14,014 |400.3 |- | |Otaw |40 |1,100 |48.9 |- | |Awele (Edien) |80 |3,300 |111.2 |- | |Ubo |70 |1,400 |25.8 |- | |Aguro |70 |1,900 |28.9 |- | |Oiryi (Oji) |67.72 |927 |15.7 |- |[[Benue River|Benue]] | |1,400 |338,385 |3,477 |- |Gurara | |570 |15,254 |183.9 |- | |Epu |80 |800 |11.7 |- |Etsuan | |70 |1,450 |16.6 |- | |Kampe |175 |9,560 |126.5 |- |Gbako | |156 |7,540 |89.8 |- |Kaduna | |575 |65,878 |641.5 |- | |Oro |113 |4,500 |71 |- |Yunko | |70 |1,698 |15.9 |- | |Oyi |120 |2,100 |30.2 |- | |Oshin |125 |2,132 |27.5 |- | |Awun |115.5 |6,300 |81 |- |Eku | |90 |3,230 |25.3 |- | |Moshi |232.22 |9,400 |69.5 |- | |Oli |300 |11,200 |86.6 |- |Kontagora | |150 |4,500 |30.8 |- | |Tama |55 |900 |4 |- | |Menai |80 |1,300 |8.7 |- | |Swashi |100 |1,500 |10.4 |- | |Kpan |70 |1,800 |11.6 |- |Malendo | |220 |9,127 |62.9 |- |Baduru | |75 |1,500 |9.8 |- |Dan Zakhi | |110 |3,000 |26.7 |- |Sokoto | |628 |193,000 |294.1 |- | |Shodu |100 |3,900 |22.3 |- |Dallol Maouri | |250 |72,551 |10.5 |- | |Sota |254 |13,500 |50.3 |- | |Alibori |408 |13,650 |55.6 |- | |Diare |90 |2,000 |5.6 |- | colspan="5" |'''Middle Niger''' |- |Dallol Bosso | |350 |556,000 |4.4 |- | |Mékrou |410 |10,635 |32.5 |- | |Tapoa |260 |5,500 |10.2 |- | |Diamangou |200 |4,400 |5.5 |- | |Goroubi |433 |15.500 |10.2 |- | |Sirba |439 |39,138 |27.2 |- | |Gorouol |250 |60,842 |9 |- |Tilemsi | | |93,920 | |- | colspan="5" |'''Inner Delta''' |- | |Bani |1,100 |129,400 |559 |- | colspan="5" |'''Upper Niger''' |- | |Sankarani |679 |33,288 |305.6 |- | |Fié |210 |4,045 |31.7 |- |Koda (Koba) | |80 |4,940 |7.7 |- |Tinkisso | |570 |19,430 |181 |- | |Milo |430 |13,590 |188 |- | |Niandan |300 |12,930 |251 |- | |Mafou |160 |4,075 |62.3 |- |Niantan | |60 | |12.1 |- |Bale | |80 | |31.6 |} <ref>{{cite web |title=FAO |url=http://www.fao.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918232726/http://www.fao.org/ |archive-date=2011-09-18 |access-date=2010-01-09}}</ref> == References == <references /> ==External links== {{sister project links||d=Q3542|c=Category:Niger River|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=Niger River|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041027204023/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=298&theme=2 Information and a map of the Niger's watershed] on http://www.wri.org/resources {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130024628/http://www.wri.org/resources |date=2015-11-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145727/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af14.html Map of the Niger River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] (link broken) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141219/http://nigercurrents.ca/ Niger Currents: Exploring life and technology along the Niger River] * {{cite news |last1=Maas |first1=Pierre |last2=Mommersteeg |first2=Geert |title=Fishing in the Pondo |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm |work=Saudi Aramco World |issue= |date=1990 |archive-date=2014-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018030141/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm }} ===International law den de Niger River=== * [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211327/http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 |date=2009-02-18 }} Peace Palace Library * {{cite journal |last1=Spadi |first1=Fabio |title=The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin–Niger Border Dispute: The Interplay of Titles and 'Effectivités' under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |date=December 2005 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=777–794 |doi=10.1017/S0922156505003006 |s2cid=145119157 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |language=en |issn=1478-9698 |archive-date=2018-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609153720/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Niger River| ]] [[Category:Benin–Niger border]] [[Category:International rivers of Africa]] [[Category:Inner Niger Delta]] [[Category:Physiographic sections]] [[Category:Rivers of Benin]] [[Category:Rivers of Guinea]] [[Category:Rivers of Mali]] [[Category:Rivers of Niger]] [[Category:Rivers of Nigeria]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Lowest points of countries]] 71q6t10qhx2nb9etn8omamc35dbunbo Gambia River 0 27176 99658 99657 2026-06-02T12:45:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. arbuy6lg88zzzcv2oad4vtaaswswetf 99659 99658 2026-06-02T12:45:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. 00cklgdhal2tybspcfegaanyd2wx2f7 99660 99659 2026-06-02T12:46:24Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. 9cbsy8mpaxqwg641kp08jwzzwq9mnh1 99661 99660 2026-06-02T12:46:58Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. iyfkkbpkzj0u40nxc7zo9nmqkmt8wbq 99662 99661 2026-06-02T12:47:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. dc4ykc4pekeph0jexlgm05tw21hbj17 99663 99662 2026-06-02T12:48:13Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. c4dh251nph240e6blpwkyjsiu7wmkh3 99664 99663 2026-06-02T12:49:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd, e596n3pyvt9zkvxf9nu2e3gcll7n99s 99665 99664 2026-06-02T12:49:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> bzilmt6ckt1qdekcatyn74dt9eyjqp4 99666 99665 2026-06-02T12:49:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. 5pz4yw5h9and5tx75y99xhrj3fxtvoe 99667 99666 2026-06-02T12:50:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. qwyq4nozp7a43k166s0wdr5g98bc8x7 99668 99667 2026-06-02T12:50:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. == References == clq1xfqg81sa4xs94ab2jbxm452ijxx 99669 99668 2026-06-02T13:04:57Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' == References == o3qvtzljo1mcl529hysbu934frxvnbx 99670 99669 2026-06-02T13:06:08Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs. == References == 7emvn7ffvlrpmcb2mum68q3azkvarnz 99671 99670 2026-06-02T13:06:52Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == References == 10f5b3h7nulxh2pjbs221q6mvn80e3b 99672 99671 2026-06-02T13:14:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]]. == References == bswbqmfjblm1bpo6wdbi6y4ek5ewk24 99673 99672 2026-06-02T13:14:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> == References == l44vjmklqx6y3kpi6c5vv8e4yjrknsu 99674 99673 2026-06-02T13:15:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd. == References == 1o8uvq1itqehrc75xafhiohigoiet16 99675 99674 2026-06-02T13:15:33Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> == References == 8cflx03rfz6cxhlzj8f1nhz4wk17z6t 99676 99675 2026-06-02T13:22:47Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. == References == tbz6czp9t3cv1sf3ms17x52ts8vqv1w 99677 99676 2026-06-02T13:23:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]]. == References == kr3tm9xbwdlt70j8ld1blg7909h6rr1 99678 99677 2026-06-02T13:24:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref> == References == e6ajx97bydd0tbzl5fqui7z3y3myknp 99679 99678 2026-06-02T13:24:36Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> == References == ohyqfthx9z5c55qn9ji49v74eypr9tl 99680 99679 2026-06-02T13:25:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond. == References == ev9ptqrfo7erhbyamzt5cwp62zo339w 99681 99680 2026-06-02T13:25:43Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref> == References == h7nwneku3ecw6iwoa0m5p4jjgiul4zi 99682 99681 2026-06-02T13:26:02Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> == References == 0k3t19vaemie0ggeyxrnhqlqyy1b6va 99683 99682 2026-06-02T13:42:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. == References == ny2165d073vg4t6bgdjsp44kc3gfp1e 99684 99683 2026-06-02T13:45:48Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]). == References == 5n51unpyw0a0nq7sn3lm9ns9luso7od 99685 99684 2026-06-02T13:47:47Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> == References == 9z77sibkefk96156j5eqysclisdpxqr 99686 99685 2026-06-02T13:55:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. == References == lpfv2n6bnpf6mqaxqa9mu6pq0netivw 99687 99686 2026-06-02T13:56:13Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half. == References == 0wofc2j4k3b982xepujro4ml7l9yv84 99688 99687 2026-06-02T13:56:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> == References == rdqeqs316ji81kbnb3l6c47zvj336oo 99689 99688 2026-06-02T13:59:40Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. == References == juje9k5ar4db1pa4at59d14nnrmgmbx 99690 99689 2026-06-02T14:00:24Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. == References == 6billskwlvs6jjr04xuk8uz9urqtpat 99691 99690 2026-06-02T14:02:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top. == References == 20p8k4rbrlyqys06mpj0xumm75pdcjp 99692 99691 2026-06-02T14:03:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> == References == c2yfniq2j7iifsu12nx84ry8sendog4 99693 99692 2026-06-02T14:03:54Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town. == References == 8f2r16q14fgv4oy09893tkkt0rlroeh 99694 99693 2026-06-02T14:05:07Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> == References == dfrw86kyx4segagh3vlen5gs2gdhi22 99695 99694 2026-06-02T14:05:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. == References == cm5yu7zsyncgoccqd66fx4vvg0rl3eq 99696 99695 2026-06-02T14:05:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since. == References == n5yt6um8sbxoq7zcyfloa78hhgxhvqp 99697 99696 2026-06-02T14:06:16Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == References == 5hivc15y0gmto1axmca2vc730u0psz6 99698 99697 2026-06-02T14:11:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. == References == 6kxotrsr0aukm8uttnc1z0p4wjkxngj 99699 99698 2026-06-02T14:11:34Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion. == References == gyggz0t0xkrn8lmb9f8qm35z4zc1z6e 99700 99699 2026-06-02T14:12:01Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> == References == rc0njfaaw45twtcnhv2t7mrnapwd2zi 99701 99700 2026-06-02T14:12:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == References == 78f2b3h3vz3rn7bpu40ju1l6yhzoqld 99702 99701 2026-06-02T14:12:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == == References == feae8388zcq4ndnttmiktyn5igukv8l 99703 99702 2026-06-02T14:14:23Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == 69ec9piszlwwzx26magk1al7ttbksc3 99704 99703 2026-06-02T14:14:56Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == <references /> == Bibliography == qbyi8h93a6hhzus4xmy988q5vwu7bsr 99705 99704 2026-06-02T14:15:24Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Bühnen, Stephan. "Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany." History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995. eh9hidz44ssl5ku1fcksbao0dzeawt9 99706 99705 2026-06-02T14:18:29Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Bühnen, Stephan. "Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany." History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995. * {{cite book |last1=Gailey |first1=Harry |title=Historical dictionary of the Gambia |date=1987 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0810820013 |location=Metuchen, N.J.}} sunrhtuzb11yh3t6aovk6ii6vw6j4fs 99707 99706 2026-06-02T14:18:58Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Bühnen, Stephan. "Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany." History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995. * {{cite book |last1=Gailey |first1=Harry |title=Historical dictionary of the Gambia |date=1987 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0810820013 |location=Metuchen, N.J.}} * Gray, J.M. (1940). History of the Gambia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. iz292q2h12or6twxmqlu8iesc901e3q 99708 99707 2026-06-02T14:19:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Bühnen, Stephan. "Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany." History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995. * {{cite book |last1=Gailey |first1=Harry |title=Historical dictionary of the Gambia |date=1987 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0810820013 |location=Metuchen, N.J.}} * Gray, J.M. (1940). History of the Gambia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * {{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |title=Historical Dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2008 |isbn=9781442265226 |edition=4th |series=African Historical Dictionaries |volume=109 |location=Metuchen, New Jersey |pages= |contribution=}} g8rdvircoa7qwq69able1egrtdmzzn8 99709 99708 2026-06-02T14:22:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Bühnen, Stephan. "Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany." History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995. * {{cite book |last1=Gailey |first1=Harry |title=Historical dictionary of the Gambia |date=1987 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0810820013 |location=Metuchen, N.J.}} * Gray, J.M. (1940). History of the Gambia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * {{cite journal |last1=van Hoven |first1=Ed |date=1996 |title=Local Tradition or Islamic Precept? The Notion of zakāt in Wuli (Eastern Senegal) (La notion de "zakāt" au Wuli (Sénégal)) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4392734 |journal=Cahiers d'Études Africaines |volume=36 |issue=144 |pages=703–722 |doi=10.3406/cea.1996.1863 |jstor=4392734 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 December 2020}} 5c763d7ct1vljutxbocjsezebu4xuv8 99710 99709 2026-06-02T14:23:27Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Bühnen, Stephan. "Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany." History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995. * {{cite book |last1=Gailey |first1=Harry |title=Historical dictionary of the Gambia |date=1987 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0810820013 |location=Metuchen, N.J.}} * Gray, J.M. (1940). History of the Gambia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * {{cite journal |last1=van Hoven |first1=Ed |date=1996 |title=Local Tradition or Islamic Precept? The Notion of zakāt in Wuli (Eastern Senegal) (La notion de "zakāt" au Wuli (Sénégal)) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4392734 |journal=Cahiers d'Études Africaines |volume=36 |issue=144 |pages=703–722 |doi=10.3406/cea.1996.1863 |jstor=4392734 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 December 2020}} * Wright, Donald R. "Beyond Migration and Conquest: Oral Traditions and Mandinka Ethnicity in Senegambia." History in Africa, vol. 12, 1985. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171727. a3ha9uljgq9rrzjrryb8ys13t3t22yt 99711 99710 2026-06-02T14:23:54Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Bühnen, Stephan. "Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany." History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995. * {{cite book |last1=Gailey |first1=Harry |title=Historical dictionary of the Gambia |date=1987 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0810820013 |location=Metuchen, N.J.}} * Gray, J.M. (1940). History of the Gambia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * {{cite journal |last1=van Hoven |first1=Ed |date=1996 |title=Local Tradition or Islamic Precept? The Notion of zakāt in Wuli (Eastern Senegal) (La notion de "zakāt" au Wuli (Sénégal)) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4392734 |journal=Cahiers d'Études Africaines |volume=36 |issue=144 |pages=703–722 |doi=10.3406/cea.1996.1863 |jstor=4392734 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 December 2020}} * Wright, Donald R. "Beyond Migration and Conquest: Oral Traditions and Mandinka Ethnicity in Senegambia." History in Africa, vol. 12, 1985. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171727. * Wright, Donald R. "Darbo Jula: The Role of a Mandinka Jula Clan in the Long-Distance Trade of the Gambia River and Its Hinterland." African Economic History, no. 3, 1977, pp. 33–45. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3601138. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022. hh191887hbiz3qc9w8d4ibn8wetgn8p 99712 99711 2026-06-02T14:25:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} De '''Gambia River''' (dem formerly know am as de '''River Gambra''', [[:en:French_language|French]]: ''Fleuve Gambie'', [[:en:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Gâmbia'') be a major river for [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]] insyd, wey e run {{convert|1120|km|mi}} from de [[:en:Fouta_Djallon|Fouta Djallon]] plateau for north [[:en:Guinea|Guinea]] insyd westward thru [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] den [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] to de [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] at de city of [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]]. E dey [[:en:Navigability|navigable]] give about half dat length. Dem strongly associate de river plus De Gambia, de smallest country for mainland Africa insyd, wey occupy de downstream half of de river den ein two banks. == Geography == De Gambia River dey run a total length of {{convert|1120|km}}. From de Fouta Djallon, e dey run northwest into de [[:en:Tambacounda_Region|Tambacounda Region]] of Senegal, e dey flow thru de [[:en:Parc_National_du_Niokolo_Koba|Parc National du Niokolo Koba]], then de [[:en:Nieri_Ko|Nieri Ko]] den {{ill|Koulountou|fr|Koulountou}} join am den dey pass thru de [[:en:Barrakunda_Falls|Barrakunda Falls]] before e enter de Gambia at Koina. At dis point, de river dey run generally west, but for a meandering course insyd plus a number of [[:en:Oxbow_lake|oxbows]], den about {{convert|100|km}} from ein mouth e dey gradually widen, to ova {{convert|10|km}} wide wey e dey meet de sea. ==== Crossings ==== Der dey several bridges wey dey cross de river. De largest den furthest downriver be de [[:en:Senegambia_Bridge|Senegambia Bridge]] between de towns of [[:en:Farafenni|Farafenni]] den [[:en:Soma,_Gambia|Soma]] for De Gambia insyd. For January 2019 insyd wey dem open, e dey provide a link between de stretches of de [[:en:Trans-Gambia_Highway|Trans-Gambia Highway]] for de North den South Bank of de river top. E sanso dey provide an expedited connection give Senegalese trucks wey dey travel to den from de isolated [[:en:Casamance|Casamance]] province. De bridge dey {{convert|1.9|km}} long den dey replace a previously-unreliable vehicle ferry. Dem levy a toll for vehicle crossings top. Der be sanso bridges for de [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Region]] of De Gambia at [[:en:Basse_Santa_Su|Basse Santa Su]] den [[:en:Fatoto|Fatoto]] insyd dat open for October 2021 insyd,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ma|first1=Jianchun|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|access-date=3 August 2022|agency=The Point|date=13 Oct 2021}}</ref> as well as a bridge for Senegal at Gouloumbou insyd. Ferry do all oda crossings, wey dey include a primary crossing between [[:en:Banjul|Banjul]] den [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]] at de mouth of de river, anaa by small boat. ==== Bolongs ==== Dem commonly refer small tributaries for de lower stretches of de river top to as ''bolongs'' anaa ''bolons.'' Dem dey include Sami Bolong, wey e divide de northern halves of de [[:en:Central_River_Division|Central River Division]] den [[:en:Upper_River_Division|Upper River Division]], Bintang Bolong dey divide de [[:en:Lower_River_Division|Lower River Division]] from de [[:en:West_Coast_Division|West Coast Division]], as well as smaller bodies of water such as de Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, den Sandugu bolongs.<ref>Gailey.</ref> == History == De earliest inhabitants of de area wey dem know along de Gambia River dey include de [[:en:Jola_people|Jola]], de [[:en:Balante|Balante]], de [[:en:Bainuk|Bainuk]], den de [[:en:Manjak_people|Manjak]].<ref>Buhnen, 49.</ref> De [[:en:Carthage|Carthaginian]] explorer [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|Hanno]] [[:en:Hanno_the_Navigator|de Navigator]] go dey reach de Gambia during ein expedition for de fifth century BC insyd.<ref>"Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.</ref> According to oral tradition, [[:en:Tiramakhan_Traore|Tiramakhan Traore]] lead large numbers of [[:en:Mandinka_people|Mandinka]] immigrants from [[:en:Mali|Mali]], one of [[:en:Sundiata_Keita|Sundiata]] ein top generals, cam to de region for de 14th century insyd. Sam modern historians, howeva, posit dat relatively few immigrants, primarily ''jula'' traders, instead lead a gradual socio-cultural shift towards identification plus de higher-status Mandinka ethnicity den de ruling [[:en:Mali_Empire|Mali Empire]].<ref>Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.</ref><ref>Buhnen, 51.</ref> Dem ''jula'' make de Gambia an important part of de wider West African trade network, wey dem exchange salt, shellfish, iron, cloth, ivory, beeswax, gold, slaves, leather den more as far as de [[:en:Niger_River|Niger River]] den beyond.<ref>Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.</ref><ref>Van Hoven.</ref> [[:en:Alvise_Cadamosto|Alvise Cadamosto]], a [[:en:Venice|Venetian]] explorer wey dey work give de [[:en:Portugal|Portuguese]], becam de first European wey sail to de Gambia for 1455 insyd, wey e refer to de river as de ''Gambra'' anaa ''Cambra''. Oda sources from dat period dey record names such as ''Guambea'', ''Guabu'', den ''Gambu'' (possibly a conflation, at de time anaa for later historiography insyd, of de name of de river den de kingdom of [[:en:Kaabu|Kaabu]]).<ref>Buhnen, 71.</ref> While merchants of various European countries trade for de Gambia river top give two centuries after Cadamosto, de [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] [[:en:Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia|dem Semigallia]] be de first wey establish a permanent base, for wat dem am [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|St Andrew's Island]] for 1651 insyd. After e take control of de island den e rename am 'St James' for 1661 insyd, de English vye plus de French give commercial domination of de river give de next century den a half.<ref>Gailey, 3.</ref> During dis period, kingdoms along de river Gambia include [[:en:Niumi|Niumi]] (wey dem sanso know am [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]]), [[:en:Kingdom_of_Niani|Niani]], [[:en:Kantora|Kantora]], Jimara, [[:en:Kiang_(The_Gambia)|Kiang]], [[:en:Badibu|Badibu]], [[:en:Fuladu|Fuladu]], Tumana, den [[:en:Kingdom_of_Wuli|Wuli]], all of wey lend demma names to districts of [[:en:The_Gambia|De Gambia]] today. Major posts wey dem dey trade for top anaa near near de river include [[:en:Barra,_Gambia|Barra]], [[:en:Albreda|Albreda]], [[:en:Juffure|Juffure]], [[:en:Kunta_Kinteh_Island|James Island]] (rydee a [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]]), [[:en:Tendaba|Tendaba]], Joar, [[:en:MacCarthy_Island|MacCarthy Island]], [[:en:Fattatenda|Fattatenda]], den [[:en:Sutukoba|Sutukoba]]. Around de turn of de 18th century, de Scottish explorer [[:en:Mungo_Park_(explorer)|Mungo Park]] travel up de Gambia twice for ein way to de Niger River top.<ref>Capt. Washington. "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 8, 1838, pp. 448–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1797825. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.</ref> De [[:en:Anglo-French_Convention_of_1889|Anglo-French Convention of 1889]] delimit de borders of de [[:en:Gambia_Protectorate|Gambia Protectorate]] den de colony of [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] as e dey be ten kilometers north den south of de river as far inland as Yarbutenda (near modern-day Koina), plus a 10km radius to mark de eastern border wey dem measure from de center of town.<ref>Gailey, 27.</ref> De British therefore control de river as far as e dey navigable by sea-going vessels. Though widely dem see as temporary at de time, de borders wey dem set for 1889 insyd remain unchanged eva since.<ref>Gailey, 28.</ref> == Flora den fauna == De aquatic fauna for de Gambia River [[:en:Drainage_basin|basin]] insyd, dem closely associate am plus dat of de [[:en:Senegal_River|Senegal River]] basin, den dem usually combine de two under a single [[:en:Ecoregion|ecoregion]] wey dem know am de [[:en:List_of_freshwater_ecoregions_in_Africa_and_Madagascar#Nilo-Sudan|Senegal-Gambia Catchments]]. Although de [[:en:Species_richness|species richness]] dey moderately high, only three species of frogs den one fish dey [[:en:Endemism|endemic]] to dis ecoregion.<ref>{{cite web |title=509: Senegal – Gambia |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Women harvest oysters from de River Gambia den use am to make [[:en:Oyster_stew|oyster stew]], a traditional dish for de [[:en:Cuisine_of_Gambia|cuisine of Gambia]] insyd. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;"> File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_River_Gambra_(now_the_Gambia)_1732.JPG|Map of de River Gambra (rydee de Gambia) 1732 File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambia_satellite_fires.jpeg|De western portion of de Gambia River, wey dem see from space. De line dey show de border of De Gambia. File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Upstream.jpg|Upstream view of de river, near [[:en:Janjanbureh_Island|Janjanbureh Island]] File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Riverbank.jpg|Bank of de river, near Janjanbureh File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiverGambia_Janjanbureh_20190122_Ferry.jpg|Ferry crossing of de river, at Janjanbureh </gallery> == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Bühnen, Stephan. "Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany." History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995. * {{cite book |last1=Gailey |first1=Harry |title=Historical dictionary of the Gambia |date=1987 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=0810820013 |location=Metuchen, N.J.}} * Gray, J.M. (1940). History of the Gambia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * {{cite journal |last1=van Hoven |first1=Ed |date=1996 |title=Local Tradition or Islamic Precept? The Notion of zakāt in Wuli (Eastern Senegal) (La notion de "zakāt" au Wuli (Sénégal)) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4392734 |journal=Cahiers d'Études Africaines |volume=36 |issue=144 |pages=703–722 |doi=10.3406/cea.1996.1863 |jstor=4392734 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 December 2020}} * Wright, Donald R. "Beyond Migration and Conquest: Oral Traditions and Mandinka Ethnicity in Senegambia." History in Africa, vol. 12, 1985. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171727. * Wright, Donald R. "Darbo Jula: The Role of a Mandinka Jula Clan in the Long-Distance Trade of the Gambia River and Its Hinterland." African Economic History, no. 3, 1977, pp. 33–45. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3601138. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022. == External links == * [http://www.accessgambia.com/information/gambia-river-info.html Gambia River Information & Photos] h6q595xswatu54purv5dcgeen5abj3z Water pollution 0 27177 99713 2026-06-02T15:06:18Z Tenaciuos Ntaawa 1645 Create a fresh article 99713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Water pollution''' (anaa '''aquatic pollution''') be de contamination of water bodies, wich get a negative impact on how they can be used.<ref name="Von Sperling"/>{{rp|6}} E usually dey cause by human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs, den groundwater. Water pollution results wen contaminants mix plus these water bodies. Contaminants can cam from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, den urban runoff including stormwater.<ref name=Eckenfelder>{{Cite book |vauthors=Eckenfelder Jr WW |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471238961 |title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 |doi=10.1002/0471238961.1615121205031105.a01}}</ref> Water pollution may affect either surface water anaa groundwater. Dis form of pollution can lead to many problems. One be de degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Anoda be spreading water-borne diseases wen people use polluted water for drinking anaa irrigation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2013 |title=Water Pollution |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=Environmental Health Education Program |publisher=[[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]] |location=Cambridge, MA |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918005228/https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Water pollution san reduces de ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by de water resource. == References == lh28oi3mnzl5qz77ivo1t0k5qj4cprl 99714 99713 2026-06-02T15:19:12Z Tenaciuos Ntaawa 1645 Improve am 99714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Water pollution''' (anaa '''aquatic pollution''') be de contamination of water bodies, wich get a negative impact on how they can be used.<ref name="Von Sperling"/>{{rp|6}} E usually dey cause by human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs, den groundwater. Water pollution results wen contaminants mix plus these water bodies. Contaminants can cam from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, den urban runoff including stormwater.<ref name=Eckenfelder>{{Cite book |vauthors=Eckenfelder Jr WW |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471238961 |title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 |doi=10.1002/0471238961.1615121205031105.a01}}</ref> Water pollution may affect either surface water anaa groundwater. Dis form of pollution can lead to many problems. One be de degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Anoda be spreading water-borne diseases wen people use polluted water for drinking anaa irrigation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2013 |title=Water Pollution |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=Environmental Health Education Program |publisher=[[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]] |location=Cambridge, MA |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918005228/https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Water pollution san reduces de ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by de water resource. Sources of water pollution are either point sourcs anaa non-point sources.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Monika |last2=Bader |first2=Hans-Peter |last3=Scheidegger |first3=Ruth |date=August 15, 2009 |title=Modeling the contribution of point sources and non-point sources to Thachin River water pollution |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=407 |issue=17 |pages=4902–4915 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.007 |pmid=19501876 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.4902S |issn=0048-9697}}</ref> Point sources get one identifiable cause, such as a storm drain, a wastewater treatment plant, anaa an oil spill. Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example be agricultural runoff.<ref name="Moss2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moss B |title=Water pollution by agriculture |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |volume=363 |issue=1491 |pages=659–666 |date=February 2008 |pmid=17666391 |pmc=2610176 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2176}}</ref> Pollution be de result of de cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take chaw forms. One would be toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, den industrial waste products. Anoda be stressful conditions such as changes of pH, hypoxia, anaa anoxia, increased temperatures, excessive turbidity, anaa changes of salinity). De introduction of pathogenic organisms be anoda. Contaminants may include organic den inorganic substances. A common cause of thermal pollution be de use of water as a coolant by power plants den industrial manufacturers. == References == cz99emh2g6iediusi66c8o8g4gmayrk 99715 99714 2026-06-02T15:36:19Z Tenaciuos Ntaawa 1645 Improve am 99715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Water pollution''' (anaa '''aquatic pollution''') be de contamination of water bodies, wich get a negative impact on how they can be used.<ref name="Von Sperling"/>{{rp|6}} E usually dey cause by human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs, den groundwater. Water pollution results wen contaminants mix plus these water bodies. Contaminants can cam from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, den urban runoff including stormwater.<ref name=Eckenfelder>{{Cite book |vauthors=Eckenfelder Jr WW |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471238961 |title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 |doi=10.1002/0471238961.1615121205031105.a01}}</ref> Water pollution may affect either surface water anaa groundwater. Dis form of pollution can lead to many problems. One be de degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Anoda be spreading water-borne diseases wen people use polluted water for drinking anaa irrigation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2013 |title=Water Pollution |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=Environmental Health Education Program |publisher=[[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]] |location=Cambridge, MA |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918005228/https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Water pollution san reduces de ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by de water resource. Sources of water pollution are either point sourcs anaa non-point sources.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Monika |last2=Bader |first2=Hans-Peter |last3=Scheidegger |first3=Ruth |date=August 15, 2009 |title=Modeling the contribution of point sources and non-point sources to Thachin River water pollution |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=407 |issue=17 |pages=4902–4915 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.007 |pmid=19501876 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.4902S |issn=0048-9697}}</ref> Point sources get one identifiable cause, such as a storm drain, a wastewater treatment plant, anaa an oil spill. Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example be agricultural runoff.<ref name="Moss2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moss B |title=Water pollution by agriculture |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |volume=363 |issue=1491 |pages=659–666 |date=February 2008 |pmid=17666391 |pmc=2610176 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2176}}</ref> Pollution be de result of de cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take chaw forms. One would be toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, den industrial waste products. Anoda be stressful conditions such as changes of pH, hypoxia, anaa anoxia, increased temperatures, excessive turbidity, anaa changes of salinity). De introduction of pathogenic organisms be anoda. Contaminants may include organic den inorganic substances. A common cause of thermal pollution be de use of water as a coolant by power plants den industrial manufacturers. De control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure den management plans, as well as legislation. Technology solutions can include improving sanitation, sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, agricultural wastewater treatment, erosion control, den control of urban runoff (including stormwater management). {{TOC limit|3}} == References == p5uavxxn0amw90rcdv6lac6mvh99ljy 99716 99715 2026-06-02T15:37:02Z Tenaciuos Ntaawa 1645 Add sub-heading 99716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Water pollution''' (anaa '''aquatic pollution''') be de contamination of water bodies, wich get a negative impact on how they can be used.<ref name="Von Sperling"/>{{rp|6}} E usually dey cause by human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs, den groundwater. Water pollution results wen contaminants mix plus these water bodies. Contaminants can cam from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, den urban runoff including stormwater.<ref name=Eckenfelder>{{Cite book |vauthors=Eckenfelder Jr WW |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471238961 |title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 |doi=10.1002/0471238961.1615121205031105.a01}}</ref> Water pollution may affect either surface water anaa groundwater. Dis form of pollution can lead to many problems. One be de degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Anoda be spreading water-borne diseases wen people use polluted water for drinking anaa irrigation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2013 |title=Water Pollution |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=Environmental Health Education Program |publisher=[[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]] |location=Cambridge, MA |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918005228/https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Water pollution san reduces de ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by de water resource. Sources of water pollution are either point sourcs anaa non-point sources.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Monika |last2=Bader |first2=Hans-Peter |last3=Scheidegger |first3=Ruth |date=August 15, 2009 |title=Modeling the contribution of point sources and non-point sources to Thachin River water pollution |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=407 |issue=17 |pages=4902–4915 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.007 |pmid=19501876 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.4902S |issn=0048-9697}}</ref> Point sources get one identifiable cause, such as a storm drain, a wastewater treatment plant, anaa an oil spill. Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example be agricultural runoff.<ref name="Moss2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moss B |title=Water pollution by agriculture |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |volume=363 |issue=1491 |pages=659–666 |date=February 2008 |pmid=17666391 |pmc=2610176 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2176}}</ref> Pollution be de result of de cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take chaw forms. One would be toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, den industrial waste products. Anoda be stressful conditions such as changes of pH, hypoxia, anaa anoxia, increased temperatures, excessive turbidity, anaa changes of salinity). De introduction of pathogenic organisms be anoda. Contaminants may include organic den inorganic substances. A common cause of thermal pollution be de use of water as a coolant by power plants den industrial manufacturers. De control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure den management plans, as well as legislation. Technology solutions can include improving sanitation, sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, agricultural wastewater treatment, erosion control, den control of urban runoff (including stormwater management). {{TOC limit|3}} <nowiki>== Definition ==</nowiki> == References == ekrydvrm75gknew1nbkakhuduxjrl21 99717 99716 2026-06-02T15:38:56Z Tenaciuos Ntaawa 1645 Add sub-heading 99717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Water pollution''' (anaa '''aquatic pollution''') be de contamination of water bodies, wich get a negative impact on how they can be used.<ref name="Von Sperling"/>{{rp|6}} E usually dey cause by human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs, den groundwater. Water pollution results wen contaminants mix plus these water bodies. Contaminants can cam from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, den urban runoff including stormwater.<ref name=Eckenfelder>{{Cite book |vauthors=Eckenfelder Jr WW |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471238961 |title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 |doi=10.1002/0471238961.1615121205031105.a01}}</ref> Water pollution may affect either surface water anaa groundwater. Dis form of pollution can lead to many problems. One be de degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Anoda be spreading water-borne diseases wen people use polluted water for drinking anaa irrigation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2013 |title=Water Pollution |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=Environmental Health Education Program |publisher=[[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]] |location=Cambridge, MA |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918005228/https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Water pollution san reduces de ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by de water resource. Sources of water pollution are either point sourcs anaa non-point sources.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Monika |last2=Bader |first2=Hans-Peter |last3=Scheidegger |first3=Ruth |date=August 15, 2009 |title=Modeling the contribution of point sources and non-point sources to Thachin River water pollution |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=407 |issue=17 |pages=4902–4915 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.007 |pmid=19501876 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.4902S |issn=0048-9697}}</ref> Point sources get one identifiable cause, such as a storm drain, a wastewater treatment plant, anaa an oil spill. Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example be agricultural runoff.<ref name="Moss2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moss B |title=Water pollution by agriculture |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |volume=363 |issue=1491 |pages=659–666 |date=February 2008 |pmid=17666391 |pmc=2610176 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2176}}</ref> Pollution be de result of de cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take chaw forms. One would be toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, den industrial waste products. Anoda be stressful conditions such as changes of pH, hypoxia, anaa anoxia, increased temperatures, excessive turbidity, anaa changes of salinity). De introduction of pathogenic organisms be anoda. Contaminants may include organic den inorganic substances. A common cause of thermal pollution be de use of water as a coolant by power plants den industrial manufacturers. De control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure den management plans, as well as legislation. Technology solutions can include improving sanitation, sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, agricultural wastewater treatment, erosion control, den control of urban runoff (including stormwater management). {{TOC limit|3}} === Definition === == References == tegs9p1mwt1k8a9r51w52v0ujy1ybfq 99718 99717 2026-06-02T15:43:49Z Tenaciuos Ntaawa 1645 Improve am 99718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Water pollution''' (anaa '''aquatic pollution''') be de contamination of water bodies, wich get a negative impact on how they can be used.<ref name="Von Sperling"/>{{rp|6}} E usually dey cause by human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs, den groundwater. Water pollution results wen contaminants mix plus these water bodies. Contaminants can cam from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, den urban runoff including stormwater.<ref name=Eckenfelder>{{Cite book |vauthors=Eckenfelder Jr WW |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471238961 |title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 |doi=10.1002/0471238961.1615121205031105.a01}}</ref> Water pollution may affect either surface water anaa groundwater. Dis form of pollution can lead to many problems. One be de degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Anoda be spreading water-borne diseases wen people use polluted water for drinking anaa irrigation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2013 |title=Water Pollution |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=Environmental Health Education Program |publisher=[[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]] |location=Cambridge, MA |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918005228/https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Water pollution san reduces de ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by de water resource. Sources of water pollution are either point sourcs anaa non-point sources.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Monika |last2=Bader |first2=Hans-Peter |last3=Scheidegger |first3=Ruth |date=August 15, 2009 |title=Modeling the contribution of point sources and non-point sources to Thachin River water pollution |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=407 |issue=17 |pages=4902–4915 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.007 |pmid=19501876 |bibcode=2009ScTEn.407.4902S |issn=0048-9697}}</ref> Point sources get one identifiable cause, such as a storm drain, a wastewater treatment plant, anaa an oil spill. Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example be agricultural runoff.<ref name="Moss2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moss B |title=Water pollution by agriculture |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |volume=363 |issue=1491 |pages=659–666 |date=February 2008 |pmid=17666391 |pmc=2610176 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2176}}</ref> Pollution be de result of de cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take chaw forms. One would be toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, den industrial waste products. Anoda be stressful conditions such as changes of pH, hypoxia, anaa anoxia, increased temperatures, excessive turbidity, anaa changes of salinity). De introduction of pathogenic organisms be anoda. Contaminants may include organic den inorganic substances. A common cause of thermal pollution be de use of water as a coolant by power plants den industrial manufacturers. De control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure den management plans, as well as legislation. Technology solutions can include improving sanitation, sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, agricultural wastewater treatment, erosion control, den control of urban runoff (including stormwater management). {{TOC limit|3}} === Definition === A practical definition of water pollution be: "Water pollution be de addition of substances anaa energy forms dat directly anaa indirectly alter de nature of de water body inside such a manner dat negatively affects its legitimate uses."<ref name="Von Sperling"/>{{rp|6}} Water be usually dey consider polluted wen e get contaminated by anthropogenic substances. Dis means dat e either cannot be use for certain purposes, such as for drinking, anaa e ability to support its biotic communities, such as fish, dey change significantly. == References == mlvvrsmys89jvw22jolt8ya779wlufd 99725 99718 2026-06-02T21:45:55Z Seimawu Sugri Seidu 3104 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342022588|Water pollution]]" 99725 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Garbage_floating_around_in_Circular_Quay.jpg|thumb|Garbage dey float for water insyde, Circular Quay, Sydney, [[Australia]]]]   '''Water pollution''' (or '''aquatic pollution''') be when dirty things enter water, plus e dey spoil how we fit use de water well-well.<ref name="Von Sperling">{{Cite journal |last=Von Sperling |first=Marcos |date=2007 |title=Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal |journal=Water Intelligence Online |series=Biological Wastewater Treatment |publisher=IWA Publishing |volume=6 |doi=10.2166/9781780402086 |isbn=978-1-78040-208-6 |doi-access=free}}</ref>: 6  Na human doings dey cause am. Water bodies de include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs plusgroundwater. Water pollution dey happen when dirty things mix with water. These dirty things fit come from four main ways: sewage, factory works, farm activities, plus all de dirt wey dey wash go insyde water for town.<ref name="Eckenfelder">{{Cite book |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471238961 |title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology |vauthors=Eckenfelder Jr WW |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 |doi=10.1002/0471238961.1615121205031105.a01}}</ref> Water pollution may affect either surface water or groundwater. This form of pollution fit lead to many problems. One bi de degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Another one be say e dey spread water-borne sickness when people dey use dirty water drink or irrigation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2013 |title=Water Pollution |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918005228/https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ehep/82-2/ |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |website=Environmental Health Education Program |publisher=[[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]]}}</ref> Water pollution dey spoil all de good things wey water dey give us, like de clean water wey we dey drink. [[File:Illustration_–_examples_of_how_water_is_contaminated_(South_Asia).jpg|thumb|Poster to teach people in South Asia about human activities leading to the pollution of water sources]] {| class="wikitable" |+Pollutants and their effects* !Pollutant !Main representative parameter !Possible effect of the pollutant |- |Suspended solids |Total suspended solids | * Aesthetic problems * Sludge deposits * Pollutants adsorption * Protection of pathogens |- |Biodegradable organic matter |Biological oxygen demand (BOD) | * Oxygen consumption * Death of fish * Septic conditions |- |Nutrients | * Nitrogen * Phosphorus | * Excessive algae growth * Toxicity to fish (ammonia) * Illnesses in new-born infants (blue baby syndrome from nitrate) * Pollution of groundwater |- |Pathogens | * Coliforms, such as ''E. coli'', may not be pathogenic in and of themselves, but are used as an indicator of co-occurring pathogens that die or degrade more quickly<ref name="Von Sperling">{{Cite journal |last=Von Sperling |first=Marcos |date=2007 |title=Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal |journal=Water Intelligence Online |series=Biological Wastewater Treatment |publisher=IWA Publishing |volume=6 |doi=10.2166/9781780402086 |isbn=978-1-78040-208-6 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVon_Sperling2007">Von Sperling, Marcos (2007). [[doi:10.2166/9781780402086|"Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal"]]. ''Water Intelligence Online''. Biological Wastewater Treatment. '''6'''. IWA Publishing. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2166/9781780402086|10.2166/9781780402086]]</span>. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-78040-208-6|<bdi>978-1-78040-208-6</bdi>]].</cite></ref>: 51  * Helminth eggs<ref name="Von Sperling" />: 55 <ref name="World Health Organization">{{Cite book |url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1004 |title=Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater, Volume 4 Excreta and Greywater Use in Agriculture |date=2006 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |isbn=92-4-154685-9 |edition=third |location=Geneva}}</ref> |Waterborne diseases |- |Non-biodegradable organic matter | * Pesticides * Some detergents * Others | * Toxicity (various) * Foam (detergents) * Reduction of oxygen transfer (detergents) * Non-biodegradability * Bad odors (e.g.: phenols) |- |Inorganic dissolved solids | * Total dissolved solids * Conductivity | * Excessive salinity – harm to plantations (irrigation) * Toxicity to plants (some ions) * Problems with soil permeability (sodium) |- | colspan="3" style="text-align: left;" |* Sources of these pollutants are household and industrial wastewater, urban runoff and stormwater drainage from agricultural areas<ref name="Von Sperling" />: 7  |} [[Category:Articles wey dey contain video clips]] m53wfarbbmf29j002sr5nhb9kw279hw Congo River 0 27178 99719 2026-06-02T19:14:12Z Ibnali1 62 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349369351|Congo River]]" 99719 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Congo River''', dem formerly sanso know as de '''Zaire River''', be de second-longest river insyd [[Africa]], shorter only dan de [[Nile]], as well as de third largest river insyd de world by discharge volume, dey follow de Amazon den Ganges–Brahmaputra rivers. E be de world ein deepest recorded river, plus measured depths of around 220 m (720 ft).<ref name="usgs2008">{{Cite web |last=Oberg |first=Kevin |date=July 2008 |title=Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River, July 2008 |url=https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015143546/http://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2011 |access-date=14 March 2012 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}</ref> De Congo–Lualaba–Luvua–Luapula–Chambeshi River system get an overall length of 4,700 km (2,900 mi), wich dey make am de world ein ninth-longest river. De Chambeshi be a tributary of de Lualaba River, den ''Lualaba'' be de name of de Congo River upstream of Boyoma Falls, wey dey extend for 1,800 km (1,100 mi). Dem measure along plus de Lualaba, de main tributary, de Congo River get a total length of 4,370 km (2,720 mi). E be de major river per to cross de equator twice.<ref>{{Harvnb|Forbath|1979}}. </ref> De Congo Basin get a total area of about 4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 mi2), anaa 13% of de entire African landmass. == Name == De name ''Congo/Kongo'' dey originate from de Kingdom of Kongo once locate on de southern bank of de river. De kingdom in turn be named after de indigenous Bantu Kongo people, dem know insyd de 17th century as "Esikongo".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IwMwBVfr0sC&pg=PA79 |title=Africa's Urban Past |date=2000 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-761-7 |page=79 |access-date=4 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222054121/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0IwMwBVfr0sC&pg=PA79 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> South of de Kingdom of Kongo proper lay de similarly named Kakongo kingdom, dem mention insyd 1535. Abraham Ortelius label "Manicongo" as de city at de mouth of de river insyd ein world map of 1564. De tribal names insyd ''Kongo'' possibly derive from a word for a public gathering anaa tribal assembly. De modern name of de Kongo people anaa ''Bakongo'' be introduced insyd de early 20th century. == Basin den course == [[File:Congo_River_with_upstream_half_of_Pool_Malebo_and_Mbamu.jpg|thumb|Aerial view from de west of de Congo River plus upstream half of Pool Malebo den Mbamu]] [[File:2010-03-07-Kinshasa_depuis_Brazzaville.jpg|thumb|Kinshasa as dem see from Brazzaville, across de Pool Malebo]] De Congo ein drainage basin dey cover 4,014,500 km2 (1,550,000 mi2), an area nearly equal to dat of de European Union. De Congo ein discharge at ein mouth dey range from 23,000 to 75,000 m3/s (810,000 to 2,650,000 cu ft/s), plus an average of 41,000 m3/s (1,400,000 cu ft/s). De river dey transport annually 86 million tonnes of suspended sediment to de [[Atlantic Ocean]] den an additional 6% of bedload.<ref name="hani">{{Cite journal |last=Hanibal Lemma |first=and colleagues |date=2019 |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=577 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 |article-number=123968}}</ref> == Drainage basin == De Congo basin dey cover ten countries den dey account for about 13% of [[Africa]]. De highest point insyd de Congo basin dey insyd de Ruwenzori Mountains, at an altitude of around 4,340 m (14,240 ft) above sea level. Distribution of de Congo basin area between countries:<ref name="Congo-HYCOS">{{Cite web |title=Congo-HYCOS |url=https://hydrohub.wmo.int/en/projects/Congo-HYCOS |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419062153/https://hydrohub.wmo.int/en/projects/Congo-HYCOS |archive-date=19 April 2023 |access-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> == Discharge == === Kinshasa den Brazzaville === == Width den depth == == Tributaries == [[File:CongoLualaba_watershed_plain_political.png|thumb|Course den drainage basin of de Congo River plus countries dem mark]] [[File:CongoLualaba_watershed_topo.png|thumb|Course den drainage basin of de Congo River plus topography shading]] '''Lower Congo''' (river mouth to Kinshasa) Downstream of Kinshasa, from de river mouth at Banana, der be a few major tributaries. * M'pozo (left) * Kwilu (left) * Inkisi (left) * Foulakary (right) * Djoué (right) '''Middle Congo''' (Kinshasa to de Boyoma Falls) * Nsele (left) * Lufimi (left) * Mary (right) * [[Kasai River|Kwa–Kasai]] (left) ** Fimi *** Lukenie [[File:LukenieRiver.jpg|right|thumb|Aerial view of de Lukenie River as e dey meander thru de Central Congolian lowland forests]] *** Lokoro—Lake Mai-Ndombe ** Kwango *** Culio *** Wamba *** Kwilu **** Kwenge **** Inzia ** Loange ** Sankuru *** Lubilanji *** Lubefu *** Lubudi ** Lulua ** Chicapa ** Luachimo ** Lubembe *** Chiumbe * Léfini (right)[[File:Lefini_River_(25583791878).jpg|thumb|Léfini River]] * Nkeni (right) * Alima (right) * Likouala-Mossaka (right) * Sangha (right) ** Likouala aux Herbes ** Ngoko *** Boumba ** Kadéï (570 km, 41,000 km<sup>2</sup>, 466 m<sup>3</sup>/s) ** Mambéré * [[Ubangi River|Ubangi]] (right)[[File:Убанги_као_пут.jpg|thumb|[[Ubangi River]]]] ** Giri ** Lua ** Lobaye ** Mbali ** Ouaka ** Kotto ** Mbomou [[File:Forward,_forward.jpg|thumb|Man on de Mbomou River, between Bangassou den Ndu]] *** Chinko *** Mbari *** Bili ** Uele [[File:Uele_rivière_Bomokandi.jpg|thumb|Uele River]] *** Kibali *** Dungu *** Bomokandi *** Uere * Irebu—Lake Tumba (left) * Ruki (left) ** Momboyo ** Busira *** Salonga *** Tshuapa anaa Ruki (left) **** Lomela * Ikelemba (left) * Lulonga (left) ** Lopori ** Maringa * Moeko (right) * Mongala (right) * Itimbiri (right) * Aruwimi (right) ** Ituri [[File:Photo_of_the_day_11.10.2015_(21868921339).jpg|thumb|A river wey dey flow thru de Ituri Rainforest]] ** Nepoko * Lukombe (left) * Lomami (left)[[File:Swallowtails_on_bank_of_Lomami_River_at_Katopa_Camp,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_(cropped).JPG|thumb|Lomami River]] * Lindi (right) ** Tshopo [[File:Cascades_of_the_Tshopo_river.jpg|thumb|Cascades of de Tshopo River]] * Maiko (right) '''Upper Congo''' (Lualaba; upstream from de Boyoma Falls) * Lilu (right) * Ruiki (left) * Lilo (left) * Lowa (right) ** Oso * Ulindi (right) ** Lugulu * Kasuku (left) * Ambe (right) * Elila (right) * Loho (left) * Lubutu (left) * Kunda (right) * Luama (right) * Luika (right) * Lukuga (right) ** Rusizi ([[Lake Tanganyika]])[[File:Hippos_and_Bridge,_Burundi_067.jpg|thumb|Ruzizi River]] ** Malagarasi ([[Lake Tanganyika]]) *** Ugalla *** Gombe **** Moyowosi * Luvidjo (left) * Luvua (right) ** Kalungwishi (Lake Mweru) ** Luapula (Lake Mweru; 740 km, 173,386 km², 741 m<sup>3</sup>/s) *** Chambeshi (Lake Bangweulu, Bangweulu swamp; 500 km, 44,427 km², 185 m<sup>3</sup>/s) * Kalumengongo (right) * Lovoi (left) * Lufira (right) * Lubudi (left) * Lufupa (left) == Explanatory notes == == Citations == == General den cited sources == a9efvfmohnawo14myrijfsps97necve Senegal River 0 27179 99720 2026-06-02T19:43:24Z Ibnali1 62 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334001173|Senegal River]]" 99720 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Senegal River''' (Serer: ''"Seen O Gal"'' anaa "Senegal" - compound of de&nbsp;Serer term "Seen" anaa "Sene" anaa "Sen" (from&nbsp;Roog Seen, Supreme Deity insyd&nbsp;Serer religion) den "O Gal" (wey dey mean "body of water")); Wolof: ''Dexug Senegaal'', Arabic: نهر السنغال, romanized: ''Nahr as-Siniġāl'', French: ''Fleuve Sénégal'') be a 1086-kilometre-long (675 mi) river insyd [[West Africa]]; much of ein length dey mark part of de border between [[Senegal]] den [[Mauritania]]. E get a drainage basin of 270000 km2 (100000 sq mi), a mean flow of 680 m3/s (24,000 cu ft/s), den an annual discharge of 21.5 km3 (5.2 cu mi). Important tributaries be de Falémé River, Karakoro River, den de Gorgol River. De river dey divide into two branches once e pass Kaédi. De left branch, dem call de Doué, dey run parallel to de main river to de north. After 200 km (120 mi) de two branches rejoin a few kilometers downstream of Podor. Insyd 1972 [[Mali]], Mauritania den Senegal found de Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (OMVS) to manage de river basin. [[Guinea]] join insyd 2005. As of 2012, na only very limited use be made of de river for de transportation of goods den passengers. Na de OMVS look at de feasibility of creating a navigable channel 55 m (180 ft) in width between de small town of Ambidédi insyd [[Mali]] den Saint-Louis, a distance of 905 km (562 mi).E go give landlocked Mali a direct route to de [[Atlantic Ocean]]. De aquatic fauna insyd de Senegal River basin be closely associated plus dat of de [[Gambia River]] basin, wey de two be usually combined under a single ecoregion dem know as de Senegal-Gambia Catchments. Only three species of frogs den one fish be endemic to dis ecoregion. De river get two large dams along ein course, de Manantali Dam insyd [[Mali]] den de Maka-Diama Dam downstream on de Mauritania-Senegal border. In between be de Félou Hydroelectric Plant, dem build insyd 1927, buh dem replace insyd 2014. De construction of de Gouina Hydroelectric Plant upstream of Felou at Gouina Falls begin insyd 2013. == References == fiql5qtqwoklpmi3vh3m6n6bcae38xr Chari River 0 27180 99721 2026-06-02T19:53:56Z Ibnali1 62 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1282930867|Chari River]]" 99721 wikitext text/x-wiki De '''Chari River''', anaa '''Shari River''', be a 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long river, wey dey flow insyd [[Central Africa]]. E be de main source of water of [[Lake Chad]], wich dey locate at de junction of four countries: [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], den [[Cameroon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River|title=Chari River {{!}} river, Africa|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-06-06|language=en}}</ref> == Geography == De Chari River dey flow from de [[Central African Republic]] thru Chad into [[Lake Chad]], dey follow de Cameroon border from N'Djamena, wer e be joined by ein western den principal tributary, de Logone River. E dey provide 90&nbsp;percent of de water wey dey flow into Lake Chad. De watershed of de river dey cover 548,747 square kilometres (211,872 mi2). De principal tributary be de Logone River, while minor tributaries dey include de Bahr Salamat, Bahr Sah, Bahr Aouk den Bahr Kéita. Much of Chad ein population, wey dey include Sarh den de capital N'Djamena, dey concentrate around am. As of 2016, Chad remain one of four countries wer Guinea worm disease remain endemic. De majority of remaining cases be concentrated around de Chari River. De river dey support an important local fishing industry. One of de most highly prized local fish be de Nile perch. Since de 1960s, der be proposals to divert water from de [[Ubangi River]] to de Chari to revitalize Lake Chad, wich go constitute a reversal of de capture of de upper Ubangi from de Chari by de [[Congo River]] wey be believed to occur insyd de early Pleistocene.<ref>See Cooper, John E. and Hull, Gordon; ''Gorilla Pathology and Health: With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials'', p. 371 {{ISBN|9780128020395}}</ref> == History == Na dem say de Sao people live by dis river.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Ying |last2=Trillo |first2=E. A. |last3=Murr |first3=L. E. |date=2000 |title=Friction-stir welding of aluminum alloy 2024 to silver |journal=Journal of Materials Science Letters |volume=19 |issue=12 |pages=1047–1051 |doi=10.1023/a:1006795221194 |issn=0261-8028 |s2cid=135070501}}</ref> De Chari River basin be populated by diverse speakers of de Chadic languages, Adamawa languages, Ubangian languages, Bongo-Bagirmi languages. == References == 3ssycod64otim0w4iibwj4kulae9nd8 Lake Albert (Africa) 0 27181 99722 2026-06-02T21:40:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. n4k20lopohzylewp2huppsln4plez4i 99723 99722 2026-06-02T21:41:00Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. t7zoy9fz5upesuou00rhlwcfx76921z 99724 99723 2026-06-02T21:44:29Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. apq2lmfnpoqf64ba0r9w8si9xuilgmj 99726 99724 2026-06-02T21:46:05Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99726 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] {{Databox}} '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. 4xpi0524cz1vne611yrkibb94cswd55 99727 99726 2026-06-02T21:47:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99727 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] {{Databox}} '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == eht2w2a4qqtj3yon43egfbwwh409enm 99728 99727 2026-06-02T21:48:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] {{Databox}} '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']] 4jqckdkyx0zekday362wk4rgm8mvnta 99729 99728 2026-06-02T21:53:40Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']] rcztvh74acunntme1a1owxqet8t25rx 99730 99729 2026-06-02T21:54:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']] 1gxv0pwu5yzzvrqawjh0q7yv2frpi8l 99731 99730 2026-06-02T21:54:43Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']] trd9z1ygh9ujk3muakxgjy4f3qi5s22 99733 99731 2026-06-02T22:03:44Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. 7ud3bnjb99rcowkp3z7vsvv5t3kxu2z 99734 99733 2026-06-02T22:04:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. 73ycjs1gbytrnyrhizsakljhtd6pzkp 99735 99734 2026-06-02T22:04:52Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. h4lmfzy8o0fcuxkrta7ybfafvl99sk0 99736 99735 2026-06-02T22:05:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. 9s8s3vdvnyo8xrmb49mpfhjmqupdtf2 99737 99736 2026-06-02T22:06:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. opuf28bitiryuroc8o8imwmfd0u8c3q 99738 99737 2026-06-02T22:06:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. 68u55s5ljipbdpt47k5nsda23v8dqws 99739 99738 2026-06-02T22:07:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. cc1an3yeovd0bu0ohm7qadzojjjqeqt 99740 99739 2026-06-02T22:07:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. 4fmb3rot2ct029y8hnj43ftajkavisv 99741 99740 2026-06-02T22:09:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == au4tmqf7lbsouz8mp98mfcludz29pr4 99742 99741 2026-06-02T22:10:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']] ou1ms47oezwc7cge4bvbzntswxek338 99743 99742 2026-06-02T22:12:21Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen. 5mjg4t23tgfe64zyfrzsn26gdaipal0 99744 99743 2026-06-02T22:12:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> 0jze0hs8oxt91wp0fhjnyfl7rqkq29h 99745 99744 2026-06-02T22:13:26Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> == References == kbp7gwlcxiokulilq3au0f1gufm1f30 99746 99745 2026-06-02T22:15:12Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']] == References == bn63in0jobrpu9wzykp1gx7wcaeh6tj 99747 99746 2026-06-02T22:17:19Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. == References == qfy1gjmb40i95unkcewos9sq0v1vowx 99748 99747 2026-06-02T22:17:48Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]. == References == etdxfsh2ewnl5sct1hap984vicolevs 99750 99748 2026-06-02T22:18:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == References == 8cp1ju0iqt66j52kdj430w0x38eedrg 99774 99750 2026-06-03T02:57:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs. == References == h2v3y9hutc36kzaav036teb9rkpenih 99775 99774 2026-06-03T02:58:19Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs. Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]]. == References == cik096h7a8zmmmtit9458x0ydi1w043 99776 99775 2026-06-03T02:58:42Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]]. == References == 8o8ce8uqmn3cg0jo6ormcjonrf1dvn3 99777 99776 2026-06-03T03:09:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> == References == liwu1n8d3cthf1zjhp06ywzb1a9uwt4 99778 99777 2026-06-03T03:31:15Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. == References == ghl2hnetc04ed1zstcckgk1jukxjl6b 99779 99778 2026-06-03T03:31:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). == References == 8xyukeqo9s5yltxhrccebq9vptviv9a 99780 99779 2026-06-03T03:32:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. == References == 456ifeiys6zx3a59654tlkkc5ek79wu 99782 99780 2026-06-03T03:33:04Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. == References == ghq9y3mtbz4zw6t1txf9sevrlotlg6d 99783 99782 2026-06-03T03:33:37Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. == References == 72ns6pjf7r97inryj30n5wpy9yoe0to 99784 99783 2026-06-03T03:34:04Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. == References == dw66dl4u3oa13f0li56i87iemf8xvj0 99785 99784 2026-06-03T03:34:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. == References == qaqhu5gtvz3tlt4aliab66pznwyiyla 99786 99785 2026-06-03T03:35:42Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. == References == bbhzat16vh8of411xa8l8e0wra4g2wo 99787 99786 2026-06-03T03:36:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. == References == 8dv9opy9cyxh832bzzso57b8j2v6xv9 99788 99787 2026-06-03T03:36:44Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. == References == ingcqb3yw1pug1vhh1t6f5oogbtjd82 99789 99788 2026-06-03T03:37:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). == References == 3j1fywqwae0suspi7p6vuh7y5ap4tfc 99790 99789 2026-06-03T03:37:55Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. == References == r6sx4apo9ancisks5286qnwl5z9kuc9 99791 99790 2026-06-03T03:38:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd. Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == pn49ohzdsad2qz8m3d7bcb29thc4hbv 99792 99791 2026-06-03T03:39:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish. In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == 7cuajxm2tlqixsy29ilky1xqq4lnq4l 99793 99792 2026-06-03T03:39:42Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em, den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == r2o2mftlenyg9f7dkvbwu7gt8ehcyzl 99794 99793 2026-06-03T03:40:36Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert. Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == htv0pc4adaigtm27uz7deeeviq1wodq 99795 99794 2026-06-03T03:41:00Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em. As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == hlgjn8ygcz6r6xbukjgtl4b2ik9dpf0 99796 99795 2026-06-03T03:41:29Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == he4wpzwrl5j1ezvtb015vowrvuvqp50 99797 99796 2026-06-03T03:42:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region, dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == tcp9agsegg9qpvktuojzoked7sbc0j0 99798 99797 2026-06-03T03:43:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections. For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == tu43ubja5ngkxl7h3vvzk1o5pxaopuo 99799 99798 2026-06-03T03:43:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top. As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == 9yext5t5dhifd5saywf6dojihh6fsqs 99800 99799 2026-06-03T03:44:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == l0cmq9mrqdemofqbxidhdevts9y88fp 99801 99800 2026-06-03T03:45:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic. De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == begh5gju6axy4gfc4uablfla31ilup9 99802 99801 2026-06-03T03:46:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates. == References == ihq63uq4fr9m8swh2k1mssl595t1yks 99803 99802 2026-06-03T03:46:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == References == b1k9uvtct0q2s2rh81flcr9czh32lly 99804 99803 2026-06-03T04:08:37Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. == References == t05oqfbxnc8pd8gv7dyl7s0s68ox0tl 99805 99804 2026-06-03T04:09:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. == References == qm7od2gjpj4qfsao5hxiuyljqsksh13 99806 99805 2026-06-03T04:11:31Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. == References == aw5lo8nnucogqsji97pz4w6i1g1bu8b 99807 99806 2026-06-03T04:12:19Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. == References == f9x48arsbw9l16wnn26lkkem9x283b6 99808 99807 2026-06-03T04:12:55Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. == References == kxcqjnca8egkvyuxr93m2cp7rq970kw 99809 99808 2026-06-03T04:14:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. == References == hsyxwhkzqecupheshr5rt5dgclu3oqb 99810 99809 2026-06-03T04:14:54Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. == References == sxxcb8chkhjr3xm7el5y2ivjbcy278p 99811 99810 2026-06-03T04:15:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. == References == je6qbg0vxyc159xzyavjpj19gyawmvr 99812 99811 2026-06-03T04:16:05Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. == References == 59l6lg2fr4rbzq2c8pzav966ro46dx7 99813 99812 2026-06-03T04:16:46Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. == References == dgnfb61vqzuw13805rvil90zlluwtji 99814 99813 2026-06-03T04:17:42Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. == References == g90able57aj9f3a64led4eccj1p9gso 99815 99814 2026-06-03T04:18:15Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. == References == 9zklbc4s6i7bm76d8za69z6g8e6mdhg 99816 99815 2026-06-03T04:18:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. == References == 0xownbntocanxvxvjjuafo0f6phnbtt 99817 99816 2026-06-03T04:19:27Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. == References == a0svjcy9utido7f7ecn0p14zak1y37l 99818 99817 2026-06-03T04:20:08Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. == References == 7d8ucrc122ybnum6bgfsuxa7wkdwzhx 99819 99818 2026-06-03T04:20:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. == References == oey6dyf05w8zuix6vpnvft79wwgjc47 99820 99819 2026-06-03T04:21:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. == References == 5hbtxnfmgh5ij34hgrc7y3j3crup1ts 99821 99820 2026-06-03T04:21:46Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == qbq8ns60ldjp2shs8ok7asyb3rpxn7g 99822 99821 2026-06-03T04:22:35Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd. Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == m0apu387169k7vjilsldpx1so8m4342 99823 99822 2026-06-03T04:23:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22. [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == mbit12kfnv5vzufr0l5fh8pqxgp55cw 99824 99823 2026-06-03T04:23:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''. Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == trer2qqz0zbwx86e4ht42emv2nekvgh 99825 99824 2026-06-03T04:24:40Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == 2nbyqsf9bckkojn8241lqjzhvggn8ei 99826 99825 2026-06-03T04:25:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd. She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == fy5gn68u0tjfbzp6kd2of15spnau71f 99827 99826 2026-06-03T04:26:02Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years. For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == kztcbv8ffnzybnaoenzvba33b691o2p 99828 99827 2026-06-03T04:26:40Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe. For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == sum5gg837sok8a9cfqhjcprtxzpeu1v 99829 99828 2026-06-03T04:27:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe. For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == k125uctgkx10w6vum3lx9njvcw1uxjk 99830 99829 2026-06-03T04:27:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]]. De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == otlxhyog7g6x4f5g8akv5k5d5zmbrr3 99831 99830 2026-06-03T04:28:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance. == References == qju378y16k7omvfzquowto7nj6c963p 99832 99831 2026-06-03T04:29:05Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == References == h2tivdqbhu1cros5p0xrxm4cv1k6ilb 99833 99832 2026-06-03T04:32:54Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite ODNB|author=Dorothy Middleton|title=Baker [''née'' von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == References == 0pxexxd37hjiaquttrupxtdftv0foo0 99834 99833 2026-06-03T04:34:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''SS Robert Coryndon'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == References == s3o6gdzn5i37f6pvatsktkuh2uhnxag 99835 99834 2026-06-03T04:34:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''[[:en:SS_Robert_Coryndon|SS Robert Coryndon]]'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == References == 841yg11l6hcu6hg9hbdpwcc6wt483lq 99836 99835 2026-06-03T04:35:22Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''[[:en:SS_Robert_Coryndon|SS Robert Coryndon]]'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == == References == 25coh9ki5uaz2lgu4x2cp48iuto4rbv 99837 99836 2026-06-03T04:36:46Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''[[:en:SS_Robert_Coryndon|SS Robert Coryndon]]'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|Energy]] [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|for Uganda insyd]] == References == bfbvr9rmu0n8jfi8f0oo9o8pxpu1hhp 99838 99837 2026-06-03T04:37:15Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''[[:en:SS_Robert_Coryndon|SS Robert Coryndon]]'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|Energy]] [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|for Uganda insyd]] * [[:en:Rift_valley|Rift Valley]] == References == 4jhqkoarocxmfoojwwyb8tvgwl5id4s 99839 99838 2026-06-03T04:37:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''[[:en:SS_Robert_Coryndon|SS Robert Coryndon]]'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|Energy]] [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|for Uganda insyd]] * [[:en:Rift_valley|Rift Valley]] * [[:en:Oil_well|Oil wells]] == References == a220urmdk1kueiqlyo2y422og1o7btk 99840 99839 2026-06-03T04:38:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''[[:en:SS_Robert_Coryndon|SS Robert Coryndon]]'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|Energy]] [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|for Uganda insyd]] * [[:en:Rift_valley|Rift Valley]] * [[:en:Oil_well|Oil wells]] * [[:en:Semliki_River|semliki]] == References == plzjg3pz8796p2edw9eug2zq08wezo1 99841 99840 2026-06-03T04:40:23Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''[[:en:SS_Robert_Coryndon|SS Robert Coryndon]]'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|Energy]] [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|for Uganda insyd]] * [[:en:Rift_valley|Rift Valley]] * [[:en:Oil_well|Oil wells]] * [[:en:Semliki_River|semliki]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM Food] [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM den Agriculture Organization of de United Nations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314015746/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM|date=2008-03-14}} * b75d63al7m3l73o3ga332avd72ommim 99842 99841 2026-06-03T04:41:01Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''[[:en:SS_Robert_Coryndon|SS Robert Coryndon]]'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|Energy]] [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|for Uganda insyd]] * [[:en:Rift_valley|Rift Valley]] * [[:en:Oil_well|Oil wells]] * [[:en:Semliki_River|semliki]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM Food] [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM den Agriculture Organization of de United Nations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314015746/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM|date=2008-03-14}} * [http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/Lake/AFR-11 World Lakes Database entry] [http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/Lake/AFR-11 give Lake Albert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204173456/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/Lake/AFR-11|date=2019-12-04}} * 7ldyx98moiie1r4cs5iwvobjqxnp3hf 99843 99842 2026-06-03T04:41:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230601 shrub Lake albert.jpg|thumb|'''20230601 shrub Lake albert''']] '''Lake Albert''', wey dem originally know am '''Lake Mwitanzige''' by de [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]], '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de [[:en:Alur_people|Alur]], den temporarily as '''Lake Mobutu Sese Seko''', be a lake wey dem locate for [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] insyd den de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. E be Africa ein sixth-largest lake den de second biggest of Uganda ein Great Lakes. == Geography == Dem locate Lake Albert is located for de border between Uganda den de Democratic Republic of de Congo top. E be de northernmost of de chain of lakes for de Albertine Rift insyd, de western branch of de East African Rift. E dey about {{convert|160|km|0}} long den {{convert|30|km|0}} across at ein widest, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|51|m|0}}, den a surface elevation of {{convert|619|m|0}} above sea level. [[File:Shoebill-Lake-Albert-1.jpg|thumb|'''Shoebill-Lake-Albert''']]Lake Albert dey part of de complicated system of de upper [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Ein main sources be de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], wey dey ultimately come from [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]] to de southeast, den de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]], wey dey issue from [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] to de southwest. De water of de Victoria Nile dey much less saline dan dat of Lake Albert. De lake ein outlet, at ein northernmost tip, be de [[:en:Albert_Nile|Albert Nile]] section of de[[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]]. De river dey later becam known as de [[:en:Mountain_Nile|Mountain Nile]] wen ein course dey enter [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]]. At de southern end of de lake, wey de Semliki dey come insyd, der be [[:en:Swamp|swamps]]. De [[:en:Rwenzori_Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] dey to de south of de lake, den to de northwest be de [[:en:Blue_Mountains_(Congo)|Blue Mountains]]. De few settlements along de shore dey include [[:en:Butiaba|Butiaba]] den[[:en:Pakwach|Pakwach]]. == Water characteristics == [[File:Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327).jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert Channel, Uganda (15192094327)''']]Unlike de very deep [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] den [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]], Lake Albert ein water temperature dey relatively stable thruout, typically around 27–29 °C (81–84 °F), den even ein deeper sections dey contain oxygen.<ref name="Green2009">{{cite book |author=Green, J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=263–286 |chapter=Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift}}</ref> [[File:Lake Albert view from the shoreline in Buhuka, Kikuube District 01.jpg|thumb|'''Lake Albert view from de shoreline for Buhuka, Kikuube District insyd''']]De water get a [[:en:PH|pH]] of around anaa just below 9 den an [[:en:Electric_conductivity|electric conductivity]] of around 720–780 μS/cm. Dem be both very high give a freshwater lake but nevertheless lower dan [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]].<ref name="Talling2009">{{cite book |author=Talling, J.F. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=367–394 |chapter=Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics}}</ref> == Animals == Lake Albert be home to many aquatic den semi-aquatic animals like [[:en:Hippopotamus|hippopotamuses]], [[:en:Uganda_kob|Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodiles]], [[:en:Nile_monitor|Nile monitors]], [[:en:African_softshell_turtle|African softshell turtles]], [[:en:Central_African_mud_turtle|Central African mud turtles]], [[:en:Williams'_mud_turtle|Williams' mud turtles]], various semi-aquatic snakes den various frogs.<ref name="Green2009" /> Water birds dey numerous den dey include [[:en:Pelican|pelicans]], [[:en:Heron|herons]] den de rare [[:en:Shoebill|shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites |url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731054146/https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=ugandawildlife.org}}</ref> ==== Fish den fishing ==== Der be 55 fish species for Lake Albert insyd.<ref name="Wandera2011">{{cite journal |author1=Wandera, S.B. |author2=J.S. Balirwa |year=2010 |title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda |journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=284–293 |bibcode=2010AqEHM..13..284W |doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 |s2cid=84735862}}</ref> Except give Nile crocodiles, de largest predator for de lake insyd be de [[:en:Nile_perch|Nile perch]] (native; unlike for oda [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|Rift Valley lakes]] insyd wey introduce den [[:en:Invasive_species|invasive]]). Oda large predatory fish dey include de [[:en:Hydrocynus_forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[:en:Hydrocynus_vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[:en:Marbled_lungfish|marbled lungfish]], [[:en:Cornish_jack|cornish jack]], ''[[:en:Bagrus|Bagrus]] docmak'', [[:en:African_sharptooth_catfish|African sharptooth catfish]] den [[:en:Vundu|vundu]] catfish.<ref name="Green2009" /> In addition, Der be important fisheries give de [[:en:Nile_tilapia|Nile tilapia]], [[:en:Labeobarbus_bynni|Niger barb]], [[:en:Albert_lates|Albert lates]], [[:en:Malapterurus_electricus|electric catfish]] den [[:en:Giraffe_catfish|giraffe catfish]] dat dem use standard fishing methods catch'em,<ref name="Wandera2011" /> den de small ''[[:en:Brycinus|Brycinus]] nurse'' den ''[[:en:Engraulicypris_bredoi|Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' dat dem mainly use [[:en:Fishing_light_attractor|light fishing]] to catch'em.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=The Lake Albert light fishery |url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda)}}</ref> As much as 30% of de fish production for Uganda insyd be from Lake Albert.<ref name="Wandera2011" /> Lake Albert get fewer [[:en:Endemism|endemics]] dan de oda [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]].<ref name="Witte2009">{{cite book |author1=Witte, F. |title=The Nile |author2=M.J.P. van Oijen |author3=F.A. Sibbing |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=647–676 |chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile}}</ref> Although de Albert Nile–de section of de Nile dat dey leave Lake Albert—get several [[:en:Rapids|rapids]] for de [[:en:Nimule|Nimule]] region insyd,<ref name="Dumont2009">{{cite book |author=Dumont, H.J. |title=The Nile |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=1–21 |chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources}}</ref> dem no effectively isolate de lake from de main Nile sections.<ref name="Witte2009" /> For contrast insyd, [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de rapids for de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] top, while [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Lake Kyoga]] (den ultimately [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]), dem effectively isolate am from Lake Albert by de [[:en:Murchison_Falls|Murchison Falls]] for de Victoria Nile top.<ref name="Witte2009" /><ref name="Dumont2009" /> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert ein fish dey widespread riverine species wey dem sanso find for de main Nile sections. Der be few [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] cichlids; a group wey be very diverse for oda Rift Valley lakes insyd. Of de six haplochromines for Lake Albert insyd, four be endemic (''[[:en:Haplochromis_albertianus|Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[:en:Haplochromis_bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' den ''[[:en:Haplochromis_mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') den dem sanso find two for de Nile insyd (''[[:en:Haplochromis_loati|H. loati]]'' den ''[[:en:Pseudocrenilabrus_multicolor|Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). For comparison insyd, most of de more dan 60 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Edward|Lake Edward]]–George insyd den most of de roughly 600 haplochromines for [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lake Victoria]]–[[:en:Lake_Kyoga|Kyoga]] insyd be endemic.<ref name="Witte2009" /> De only oda endemic fish species for Lake Albert insyd be de small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' den de endangered Albert lates.<ref name="Witte2009" /> == History == De [[:en:Nyoro_people|Banyoro]] den [[:en:Tooro_people|Batooro]] still know Lake Albert as '''Mwitanzige''', den '''Nam Ovoyo Bonyo''' by de[[:en:Alur_people| Alur]] as well as oda pippoe wey inhabit de region give centuries before de [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|colonial age]]. Dis name dey mean ‘locust killer’, from ''omwita'' ‘killer’ den ''enzige'' ‘locusts’ for de [[:en:Runyoro|Runyoro]] language, den 'De Lake wey defeat de locusts' for de [[:en:Alur_language|Alur]] language insyd, from ''Nam'', 'Lake', ''Ovoyo'', 'deafeat', ''Bonyo'', '[[:en:Locust|Locusts]]'. Dis be sekof a local legend wey dey tell how a plague of locusts destroy de crops of de pippoe wey dey live for de eastern shore of de lake top, but wen dem try to cross to de oda side dem never go der. For 1864 insyd, de explorers [[:en:Samuel_Baker|Samuel Baker]] den Flóra von Sass find de lake<ref>Dorothy Middleton (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/42346 <nowiki>"Baker [née von Sass], Florence Barbara Maria, Lady Baker (1841–1916)"</nowiki>]. ''[[:en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/42346|10.1093/ref:odnb/42346]]. Retrieved 2015-09-11. (Subscription, [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/ Wikipedia Library] access or [https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public UK public library membership] required.)</ref> den rename am after de recently deceased [[:en:Albert,_Prince_Consort|Prince Albert]], consort of [[:en:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. For de 20th century insyd, [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Zairian Presido]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] temporarily name de lake after einself. European colonialists operate shipping for de lake top. De British plan shipping for Lake Albert top as part of a network of railway, river steamer den lake steamer services wey e link British interests for [[:en:Egypt|Egypt]] insyd, east Africa den southern Africa. De [[:en:John_I._Thornycroft_&_Company|John I. Thornycroft & Company]] shipyard at Wools ton, Hampshire build de cargo den passenger ship ''[[:en:SS_Robert_Coryndon|SS Robert Coryndon]]'' give dis purpose for 1930 insyd.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jitze Couperus |date=2009-04-06 |title=Jitze Couperus |url=http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110910154718/http://www.biog.com/story.php?story_id=776&biog_id=856 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Biog: The World Biography Project}}</ref> Dem name am after de [[:en:British_Army|British Army]] officer Robert Thorne Corydon, wey be governor of Uganda 1918–22.<ref name="Insomniac">{{cite web |date=2009-03-25 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |url=https://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep}}</ref> [[:en:Winston_Churchill|Winston Churchill]] describe de ship as ''"de best library afloat"'' den [[:en:Ernest_Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] bell am ''"magnificence on water"''.<ref name="Insomniac" /> Dem either scuttle am for 1962 insyd<ref name="darbykj">{{cite web |date=2007-12-09 |title=darbykj's photostream |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7479977@N03/ |access-date=2011-05-18 |work=[[Flickr]] |via=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> anaa sink for 1964 insyd.<ref name="darbykj" /> She dey remain unsalvaged den partly submerged for de lake insyd at Butyaba landing site. Dem fi still see am to date. [[:en:Heritage_Oil|Heritage Oil]] den [[:en:Tullow_Oil|Tullow Oil]] announce major oil finds for de Lake Albert basin insyd, plus estimates wey de multi-billion barrel field go prove to be de largest onshore field dem find for [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|sub-Saharan Africa]] insyd give more dan twenty years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil & Gas {{!}} National Environment Management Authority |url=https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231124/https://www.nema.go.ug/eias/oil-gas |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.nema.go.ug}}</ref> For March 2014 insyd, a boat wey dey carry Congolese refugees, e [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|capsize]] [[:en:2014_Lake_Albert_boat_disaster|for Lake Albert insyd]], wey e kill more dan 250 pippoe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda Lake Albert boat disaster 'killed 251 refugees'|date=March 27, 2014|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774338|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> For 26 December 2016 top, a boat wey dey carry 45 members den fans of a local village football team capsize for Lake Albert insyd wey e kill at least 30 pippoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=At least 30 drown in Uganda Christmas drama on Lake Albert |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130141/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/at-least-30-drown-in-uganda-christmas-drama-on-lake-albert/ar-BBxAdou?ocid=ob-fb-enus-280 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |website=MSN}}</ref> For 24 December 2020 top, 30 people die wen a boat capsize while e dey travel from [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] to de Democratic Republic of de Congo. De passengers dey concern about travel restrictions wey dem relate to de [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa|for Africa insyd]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kamale|first=Jean-Yves|title=Boat capsizes between Uganda and Congo, killing more than 30|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-coronavirus-pandemic-uganda-b7f48d47dc32335e51070e442da98323|access-date=December 24, 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> De [[:en:Kibiro|Kibiro]] settlement for Lake Albert top get cultural den archeological significance.<ref name="kibirofinds">{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=March 1, 1997 |title=The cultural and chronological context of Kibiro, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02968365 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=25–67 |doi=10.1007/BF02968365 |s2cid=128430380 |url-access=subscription |via=Springer Link}}</ref> == Make you sanso see == * [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|Energy]] [[:en:Energy_in_Uganda|for Uganda insyd]] * [[:en:Rift_valley|Rift Valley]] * [[:en:Oil_well|Oil wells]] * [[:en:Semliki_River|semliki]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM Food] [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM den Agriculture Organization of de United Nations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314015746/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM|date=2008-03-14}} * [http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/Lake/AFR-11 World Lakes Database entry] [http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/Lake/AFR-11 give Lake Albert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204173456/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/Lake/AFR-11|date=2019-12-04}} *[http://www.mccrow.org.uk/eastafrica/eastafricanrailways/MarineDivision/EARLakes.htm "East African Railways and Harbours, Marine Services"]: photos of East African lake ferries wey dey include SS ''Robert Coryndon'' 6zi655ufr10kkg4h1rhtuplgvhn1wu3 Category:Lakes of Kenya 14 27182 99751 2026-06-02T22:19:25Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99751 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Lakes of Uganda 14 27183 99752 2026-06-02T22:20:44Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99752 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Geography of Kampala 14 27184 99753 2026-06-02T22:21:34Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99753 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Kenya–Uganda border 14 27185 99754 2026-06-02T22:23:49Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99754 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Kenya–Tanzania border 14 27186 99755 2026-06-02T22:24:00Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99755 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Tanzania–Uganda border 14 27187 99756 2026-06-02T22:24:12Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99756 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Geography of Kagera Region 14 27188 99757 2026-06-02T22:37:55Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99757 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Geography of Mwanza Region 14 27189 99758 2026-06-02T22:38:22Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99758 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Geography of Mara Region 14 27190 99759 2026-06-02T22:38:37Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99759 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Kisumu County 14 27191 99760 2026-06-02T22:38:50Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99760 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Homa Bay County 14 27192 99761 2026-06-02T22:39:03Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99761 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Rufiji River 14 27193 99763 2026-06-02T22:50:34Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99763 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Niger River 14 27194 99766 2026-06-02T23:18:59Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99766 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Benin–Niger border 14 27195 99767 2026-06-02T23:19:11Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99767 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Inner Niger Delta 14 27196 99768 2026-06-02T23:19:23Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99768 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Physiographic sections 14 27197 99769 2026-06-02T23:20:50Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99769 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Rivers of Guinea 14 27198 99770 2026-06-02T23:21:03Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99770 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Rivers of Mali 14 27199 99771 2026-06-02T23:21:14Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99771 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Rivers of Niger 14 27200 99772 2026-06-02T23:21:26Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 99772 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Lake Edward 0 27201 99844 2026-06-03T09:05:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99844 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. 4pebvs62601jpi5xs5v61elwo8qvjrz 99845 99844 2026-06-03T09:06:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de[[:en:Equator|equator]] 9b74bv9n6lzjeoijq4ki7iqfnp3turs 99847 99845 2026-06-03T09:09:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] 12ebmbxss7w8qbno2c8io6z3u0u4f8d 99851 99847 2026-06-03T09:11:58Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. lkt7c78rzno8l9yz9ddjrbepl3rycek 99852 99851 2026-06-03T09:12:19Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. jim1h2p85r657kta1oyolzkzo08atx6 99854 99852 2026-06-03T09:13:55Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. 8ix44m3d9elv6relmwl9ggkss2un79m 99856 99854 2026-06-03T09:14:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. in1dva4oaaxf2gme8xw9dx5q7tphycd 99857 99856 2026-06-03T09:14:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. == References == ityjuvsb11q2a15lhd6jg0th706b7ii 99863 99857 2026-06-03T09:20:46Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. == References == bb84tkl3x5newnfenvb3h7l5azia2s0 99864 99863 2026-06-03T09:21:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. == References == ll9pv8oe02av6g0s58umxoqrwm46u7o 99865 99864 2026-06-03T09:21:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. == References == eyarfq82anoofwadb72hlcpjehczjkj 99866 99865 2026-06-03T09:23:52Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. == References == 46p71uioey62xk5tdgha9pazgrrbc2d 99867 99866 2026-06-03T09:24:13Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]]. == References == l6qu0phz94rfivcfpsoku30skupo8nv 99868 99867 2026-06-03T09:24:39Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == References == bjmdq8sevmiqy4qzcw5vkp47jcfoa2j 99870 99868 2026-06-03T09:25:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == == References == ayc1qjs0x19sfwu1izmdawskzvlw7gi 99872 99870 2026-06-03T09:26:30Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== == References == a1997283zaics41roqso4gkrqm9yms7 99878 99872 2026-06-03T09:31:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. == References == omv9pdjsczylj8sreuiwoe5r8hxouc7 99879 99878 2026-06-03T09:31:45Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. == References == k46gun695rnealkwzj3c8own8swp20c 99882 99879 2026-06-03T09:32:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. == References == q3327og30g0whkxa2kg121ki813gp92 99883 99882 2026-06-03T09:32:37Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. == References == praj6qm2dylwphxg2ws9vpeltx38vtf 99887 99883 2026-06-03T09:35:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. == References == 36oo7n9uplx156ybwu8dunx33adbf85 99889 99887 2026-06-03T09:35:59Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. == References == bchjfz4d0d9d6ae5kesu4ifa8bkfpjt 99891 99889 2026-06-03T09:36:36Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake. == References == hqnn6hn7vo9ykrskrnsyyo39dete3gi 99892 99891 2026-06-03T09:36:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> == References == qqqwblrecug9bh64f20ak3og8cmei3p 99896 99892 2026-06-03T09:39:33Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] == References == opevl7edp7ynbg4k26kxm8vjmiuqtg5 99897 99896 2026-06-03T09:40:24Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== == References == hvtl0hzte79q3hvj47tsm0yhqyoyp2v 99901 99897 2026-06-03T09:45:31Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. == References == r96ybyc8a51qyd5wpgme89jtjp5p97t 99902 99901 2026-06-03T09:46:07Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. == References == 42qs8muf0hngcortw23vi0n8e6o9juj 99903 99902 2026-06-03T09:46:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. == References == 30i1z7gd1w45hrp1qs4q57oyyceek4z 99905 99903 2026-06-03T09:47:21Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd. == References == dkgi5tfb2sm82pc13rtuxnsupfj9yf7 99907 99905 2026-06-03T09:47:56Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> == References == 448oynnu5waopw02jbng2a7qszir2wf 99912 99907 2026-06-03T09:56:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. == References == ipffz1zj5u8zi90qjsgudxaadt5jjex 99913 99912 2026-06-03T09:57:37Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. == References == 2qng68jb2sxv01v4pm01ozvuhmzfge0 99916 99913 2026-06-03T10:00:58Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. == References == didvv7g2zujy6rx00dlg4oyhzaod0yy 99918 99916 2026-06-03T10:01:34Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. == References == tu72ou1gqrmhlwzoaexqhzpmekgi516 99919 99918 2026-06-03T10:02:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. == References == e4lijhk9129h1737tv6bqoocw04ohfx 99920 99919 2026-06-03T10:02:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. == References == s9ioupmam11ultsxr9sru0voulrp61v 99921 99920 2026-06-03T10:03:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism. == References == 30d3upixystbmh4fw3aidsb9k5phqr4 99923 99921 2026-06-03T10:04:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> == References == k18klejjoes878mh17j7l6vuxttzrtu 99925 99923 2026-06-03T10:04:36Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years. == References == 46eic432fwajnwcirhcsh8px6l686w2 99926 99925 2026-06-03T10:05:02Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> == References == j3xw8dw2tbexk2yi7pmfvnfdnd5rgdz 99927 99926 2026-06-03T10:05:28Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe. == References == 1brzvj2gqu6kvkztlwbj7rdj9coms0q 99928 99927 2026-06-03T10:05:55Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref> == References == f7nnb3a7fg8n9so14qsu8xja62kxzn0 99929 99928 2026-06-03T10:06:19Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == References == ld6hw27vxpnuvi5gomzxxjozvmzly6f 99931 99929 2026-06-03T10:06:54Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== == References == 11ulhkq4vwb3mvb9vcywi9uco1vab52 99933 99931 2026-06-03T10:08:29Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]] == References == d9bnw2onwiqcy96m0z0nukyvbtolbi1 99934 99933 2026-06-03T10:20:47Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. == References == rrmqp61poc8s98a2dtvuader9arf4wo 99935 99934 2026-06-03T10:21:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. == References == l403kwhta23xnjqy1xddbzh5gl2me3l 99936 99935 2026-06-03T10:21:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. == References == ljed1o579us4em5bpvky3rmpk2r1l5q 99937 99936 2026-06-03T10:22:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am. == References == 8g9ivdj3grvy0phv2i60xghlqe2mwdj 99938 99937 2026-06-03T10:22:58Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == References == 8iz3mdbr18af540kgudo7edqe3rl0we 99939 99938 2026-06-03T10:24:23Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == == References == 7qbwjasge4wnue9zf24va83wfktntzx 99942 99939 2026-06-03T10:29:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. == References == rnavx1sh07n99m66nn1074nbkkgo2ga 99951 99942 2026-06-03T10:59:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. == References == ghyk9tb5asg87gpxg7ss08rs6kyckp2 99952 99951 2026-06-03T11:00:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. == References == adfbwnxxf70yjpcl2sv7didykuacsr0 99953 99952 2026-06-03T11:00:32Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. == References == fexy2wmzx952vxk362wr10ms5t84bl7 99954 99953 2026-06-03T11:01:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== == References == jm9clolrl7obg3prynpoxif71itz3fj 99955 99954 2026-06-03T11:02:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]] == References == 9v32jz0t07h5s2vfyn8lcpwjnfbrisk 99956 99955 2026-06-03T11:14:40Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. == References == r7nyxqrzvuy0rpopajmh5lpvs195wul 99957 99956 2026-06-03T11:17:00Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006. == References == 4qqjytzev97l1kp0y1xbygk4l2p2r75 99958 99957 2026-06-03T11:18:26Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> == References == spnr5g518vhviqxagoky3936xqwnw6p 99959 99958 2026-06-03T11:20:16Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals. == References == gyfrhfngin3e9m1l32rxu95cul6ck2r 99960 99959 2026-06-03T11:21:21Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> == References == lpmps0hvbivenw500f47w5oi0sfc2jf 99961 99960 2026-06-03T11:22:05Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. == References == lt6jqgkb1fy2ml4nane4wbyiwlkfczx 99962 99961 2026-06-03T11:37:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. Fueled by de high prices dat hippo meat den ivory fetch, poachers dey consistently hunt give dem animals, wey e dey cause a negative impact no only for de hippopotamus population top, but de Lake Edward ecosystem den de local fishermen dat dey depend for de lake top give survival. == References == 7biuu2ca51o7ul24svgxkj9cstpf4ft 99963 99962 2026-06-03T11:38:08Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. Fueled by de high prices dat hippo meat den ivory fetch, poachers dey consistently hunt give dem animals, wey e dey cause a negative impact no only for de hippopotamus population top, but de Lake Edward ecosystem den de local fishermen dat dey depend for de lake top give survival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-22 |title=Elite rangers take on rebels to end the slaughter of Congo's hippos |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/dec/22/congo.conservationandendangeredspecies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == References == 58y01ejpwo8l6l9i4xg3celx2q7heme 99964 99963 2026-06-03T11:42:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. Fueled by de high prices dat hippo meat den ivory fetch, poachers dey consistently hunt give dem animals, wey e dey cause a negative impact no only for de hippopotamus population top, but de Lake Edward ecosystem den de local fishermen dat dey depend for de lake top give survival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-22 |title=Elite rangers take on rebels to end the slaughter of Congo's hippos |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/dec/22/congo.conservationandendangeredspecies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> De hippopotamus population dey extremely important to de ecosystem of Lake Edward sekof e dey be a keystone species. == References == pfcn4ykt6nu2gfhop2hqgis3syhdq0s 99965 99964 2026-06-03T11:43:10Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. Fueled by de high prices dat hippo meat den ivory fetch, poachers dey consistently hunt give dem animals, wey e dey cause a negative impact no only for de hippopotamus population top, but de Lake Edward ecosystem den de local fishermen dat dey depend for de lake top give survival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-22 |title=Elite rangers take on rebels to end the slaughter of Congo's hippos |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/dec/22/congo.conservationandendangeredspecies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> De hippopotamus population dey extremely important to de ecosystem of Lake Edward sekof e dey be a keystone species. Hippos dey produce dung, wey feed [[:en:Tilapia|tilapia]], a once abundant fish species dem find for Lake Edward insyd. == References == ask7380mowucieeibcyykbs413uku1x 99966 99965 2026-06-03T11:43:43Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. Fueled by de high prices dat hippo meat den ivory fetch, poachers dey consistently hunt give dem animals, wey e dey cause a negative impact no only for de hippopotamus population top, but de Lake Edward ecosystem den de local fishermen dat dey depend for de lake top give survival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-22 |title=Elite rangers take on rebels to end the slaughter of Congo's hippos |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/dec/22/congo.conservationandendangeredspecies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> De hippopotamus population dey extremely important to de ecosystem of Lake Edward sekof e dey be a keystone species. Hippos dey produce dung, wey feed [[:en:Tilapia|tilapia]], a once abundant fish species dem find for Lake Edward insyd. One hippo fi produce around 25 kilograms anaa 55 pounds of dung per day, wey fi feed thousands of tilapia within de ecosystem. == References == 20v0to37gvx7mmeqyvjhplbcjue78m0 99967 99966 2026-06-03T11:45:21Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. Fueled by de high prices dat hippo meat den ivory fetch, poachers dey consistently hunt give dem animals, wey e dey cause a negative impact no only for de hippopotamus population top, but de Lake Edward ecosystem den de local fishermen dat dey depend for de lake top give survival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-22 |title=Elite rangers take on rebels to end the slaughter of Congo's hippos |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/dec/22/congo.conservationandendangeredspecies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> De hippopotamus population dey extremely important to de ecosystem of Lake Edward sekof e dey be a keystone species. Hippos dey produce dung, wey feed [[:en:Tilapia|tilapia]], a once abundant fish species dem find for Lake Edward insyd. One hippo fi produce around 25 kilograms anaa 55 pounds of dung per day, wey fi feed thousands of tilapia within de ecosystem.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-08 |title=Conservation Efforts to Save Hippos May End Ongoing Tilapia Shortage in DRC Lakes |url=https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo/conservation-efforts-save-hippos-may-end-ongoing-tilapia-shortage-drc-lakes/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Global Press Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> == References == g01imgyh9t9637xlmxrq59hjfuute9a 99968 99967 2026-06-03T11:45:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. Fueled by de high prices dat hippo meat den ivory fetch, poachers dey consistently hunt give dem animals, wey e dey cause a negative impact no only for de hippopotamus population top, but de Lake Edward ecosystem den de local fishermen dat dey depend for de lake top give survival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-22 |title=Elite rangers take on rebels to end the slaughter of Congo's hippos |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/dec/22/congo.conservationandendangeredspecies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> De hippopotamus population dey extremely important to de ecosystem of Lake Edward sekof e dey be a keystone species. Hippos dey produce dung, wey feed [[:en:Tilapia|tilapia]], a once abundant fish species dem find for Lake Edward insyd. One hippo fi produce around 25 kilograms anaa 55 pounds of dung per day, wey fi feed thousands of tilapia within de ecosystem.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-08 |title=Conservation Efforts to Save Hippos May End Ongoing Tilapia Shortage in DRC Lakes |url=https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo/conservation-efforts-save-hippos-may-end-ongoing-tilapia-shortage-drc-lakes/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Global Press Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Plus de hippopotamus population wey dey decline sekof poaching, de food dem provide to de tilapia fish start to disappear as well. == References == 9evrq0g3lhg4j8vpr12v47n9rxt1y49 99969 99968 2026-06-03T11:46:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. Fueled by de high prices dat hippo meat den ivory fetch, poachers dey consistently hunt give dem animals, wey e dey cause a negative impact no only for de hippopotamus population top, but de Lake Edward ecosystem den de local fishermen dat dey depend for de lake top give survival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-22 |title=Elite rangers take on rebels to end the slaughter of Congo's hippos |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/dec/22/congo.conservationandendangeredspecies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> De hippopotamus population dey extremely important to de ecosystem of Lake Edward sekof e dey be a keystone species. Hippos dey produce dung, wey feed [[:en:Tilapia|tilapia]], a once abundant fish species dem find for Lake Edward insyd. One hippo fi produce around 25 kilograms anaa 55 pounds of dung per day, wey fi feed thousands of tilapia within de ecosystem.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-08 |title=Conservation Efforts to Save Hippos May End Ongoing Tilapia Shortage in DRC Lakes |url=https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo/conservation-efforts-save-hippos-may-end-ongoing-tilapia-shortage-drc-lakes/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Global Press Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Plus de hippopotamus population wey dey decline sekof poaching, de food dem provide to de tilapia fish start to disappear as well. Dis cause an immense decline for de tilapia population insyd, as de hippo population wey dey decrease no fi support de same amount of de tilapia fish species as e do before, wey e cause a growing problem no only give de ecosystem, but de fishermen within de villages dat dey surround Lake Edward. == References == 64pvgzcgczrfh8ah8c2zod1y0tyzvmp 99970 99969 2026-06-03T11:47:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 #AWC2026 99970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Edward''' (locally '''Rwitanzigye''' anaa '''Rweru''') be one of de smaller [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Dem locate am for de [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift]] insyd, de western branch of de [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], for de border between de [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|de Congo]] (DRC) den [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] top, plus ein northern shore a few kilometres south of de [[:en:Equator|equator]] == History == Welsh explorer [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] first see de lake for 1888 insyd, during de [[:en:Emin_Pasha_Relief_Expedition|Emin Pasha Relief Expedition]]. Dem name de lake for honour of [[:en:Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] insyd, son of then British monarch [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], den e later becam King Edward VII. For 1973 insyd, [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] den de then [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] (DRC) rename am '''Lake Idi Amin''' after Ugandan dictator [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]]. After dem overthrow am for 1979 insyd, e recover ein former name. For 2014 insyd, de lake be de center of an oil dispute. [[:en:SOCO_International|SOCO International]] enter de premises of de [[:en:Virunga_National_Park|Virunga National Park]] wey dem situate de lake to prospect give oil. Howeva, villagers den workers wey attempt to stop de oil company from entering de area, dem beat'em up den even dem kidnap den torture. Dem take plans to redraw de lines of Virunga ein boundaries den exclude de lake into consideration. Howeva, since de park be a world heritage site den de lake dey part of it, such plans naturally dey go against de[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Convention]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/world/oil-dispute-takes-a-page-from-congos-bloody-past.html|title=Oil Dispute Takes a Page From Congo's Bloody Past|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|date=2014-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Geography == ==== Topography den drainage ==== Lake Edward dey lie at an elevation of {{convert|920|m|ft}}, be {{convert|77|km|mi}} long by {{convert|40|km|mi}} wide at ein maximum points, den dey cover a total surface area of {{convert|2,325|km2|mi2}}, wey e make am de 15th-largest for de continent top. De Nyamugasani River feed de lake, de Ishasha River, de [[:en:Rutshuru_River|Rutshuru River]], de Ntungwe River, den de Rwindi River. [[:en:Lake_George_(Uganda)|Lake George]] to de northeast dey empty into am via de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]]. Lake Edward dey empty to de north via de [[:en:Semliki_River|Semliki River]] into [[:en:Lake_Albert_(Africa)|Lake Albert]], wey e dey join de [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]], ultimately dey flow to de [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. De western [[:en:Escarpment|escarpment]] of de Great Rift Valley dey tower up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above de western shore of de lake. De southern den eastern shores be flat [[:en:Lava|lava]] plains. De [[:en:Ruwenzori_Mountains|Ruwenzori Mountains]] dey {{convert|20|km|mi}} north of de lake.<ref name="Google">Google Earth/Geographic Features/Volcanoes</ref> [[File:Lake Edward Drainage.jpg|thumb|Map of de Lake Edward drainage basin anaa watershed. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Interactive map]]] ==== Volcanism ==== De region dey show much evidence of volcanic activity ova de last 5000 years. De Katwe-Kikorongo den Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, plus extensive cones den craters, wey dey lie either side of de [[:en:Kazinga_Channel|Kazinga Channel]] for de northwest shore of de lake top. Dem think say Lakes George den Edward use to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from dem fields flow insyd den divide am, wey e lef only de Kazinga Channel as de remnant of de past union. To de south dey lie de May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano {{convert|30|km|mi}} away, den de [[:en:Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] volcano for de western [[:en:Virunga_Mountains|Virunga Mountains]] insyd dey lie {{convert|80|km|mi}} south, but ein lava dey flow reach de lake for de past insyd.<ref name="Google" /> De Katwe-Kikorongo field dey feature dozens of large craters den cones wey dey cover an area of {{convert|30|km|mi}} by {{convert|15|km|mi}} between lakes Edward den George, den dey include seven crater lakes. De largest of dem, de {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} long Lake Katwe, e occupy a crater {{convert|4|km|mi}} across den dem separate am from Lake Edward by just {{convert|300|m|ft}} of land. De crater dey about {{convert|100|m|ft}} deep, den Lake Katwe ein surface dey about {{convert|40|m|ft}} lower dan Lake Edward own. E dey remarkable dat de volcanic origin of dis area southeast of de Ruwenzoris wey dem no know am until G. F. Scott Elliot report am for 1894 insyd. Stanley visit [[:en:Lake_Katwe|Lake Katwe]] for 1889 insyd den note de deep depression, de salinity of de lake, den a spring of [[:en:Sulphurous_water|sulphurous water]] nearby, but e fail to connect dis to volcanism.<ref>Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> High-resolution analyses of de elemental composition of calcite den biogenic silica (BSi) content for piston cores insyd from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability den lacustrine geochemistry ova de past 5400 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> De similarly sized [[:en:Bunyaruguru|Bunyaruguru]] field for de oda side of de Kazinga Channel top dey contain about 30 crater lakes, sam of wey dey larger dan Lake Katwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ==== Settlements ==== [[File:Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Lake Edward from Mweya for Queen Elizabeth National Park insyd]]Lake Edward dey lie completely within de Virunga National Park (DRC) den de [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] (Uganda) den no get extensive human habitation for ein shores top, except at [[:en:Ishango|Ishango]] (DRC) for de north insyd, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of ein waters dey for de DRC insyd den one third for Uganda insyd. Apart from Ishango, de main Congolese settlement for de south insyd be Vitshumbi, while de Ugandan settlements be Mweya den Katwe for de northeast insyd, near de crater lake of dat name, wey be de chief producer of salt give Uganda. De nearest cities be [[:en:Kasese|Kasese]] for Uganda insyd to de northeast den [[:en:Butembo|Butembo]] for de DRC insyd to de northwest, wey dey respectively about {{convert|50|km|mi}} den {{convert|150|km|mi}} wey road distant am.<ref name="Mich">Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) ''Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie'', map scale 1:4&nbsp;000&nbsp;000, Paris : Pneu Michelin</ref> == Ecology == Lake Edward be home to many species of fish, wey dey include populations of ''[[:en:Bagrus_docmak|Bagrus docmak]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_niloticus|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', ''[[:en:Oreochromis_leucostictus|Oreochromis leucostictus]]'', den ova 50 species of ''[[:en:Haplochromis|Haplochromis]]'' den oda [[:en:Haplochromine|haplochromine]] species, of wey dem formally describe only 25. Fishing be an important activity among local residents. Fauna living for de banks of de lake top &#x2013; wey dey include chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, den lions &#x2013; de national parks protect am. De area sanso be home to many perennial den migratory bird species. ==== Decline of hippos den tilapia ==== [[File:Lake Edward Katwe landing site.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lake Edward Katwe Landing site]]For de 1970s insyd, Lake Edward hold a population of around 29,000 [[:en:Hippo|hippos]] insyd den around de area of de lake. But sekof an increase for poaching insyd ova de years, der be a 95% decline for de population insyd, plus de population plummeting to only a few hundred by de end of 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schrank |first=Delphine |date=2009-06-01 |title=As Go the Hippos … |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/as-go-the-hippos/307426/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Dem conduct a terrestrial census for 2019 insyd wey e assess say de population dey rydee at 1,500 individuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hippopotamus {{!}} Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park |url=https://virunga.org/wildlife/mammals/hippopotamus/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Virunga National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Dem often poach hippopotamus give ein large amount of meat as well as de ivory dem find for ein teeth insyd. Fueled by de high prices dat hippo meat den ivory fetch, poachers dey consistently hunt give dem animals, wey e dey cause a negative impact no only for de hippopotamus population top, but de Lake Edward ecosystem den de local fishermen dat dey depend for de lake top give survival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-22 |title=Elite rangers take on rebels to end the slaughter of Congo's hippos |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/dec/22/congo.conservationandendangeredspecies |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> De hippopotamus population dey extremely important to de ecosystem of Lake Edward sekof e dey be a keystone species. Hippos dey produce dung, wey feed [[:en:Tilapia|tilapia]], a once abundant fish species dem find for Lake Edward insyd. One hippo fi produce around 25 kilograms anaa 55 pounds of dung per day, wey fi feed thousands of tilapia within de ecosystem.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-08 |title=Conservation Efforts to Save Hippos May End Ongoing Tilapia Shortage in DRC Lakes |url=https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo/conservation-efforts-save-hippos-may-end-ongoing-tilapia-shortage-drc-lakes/ |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=Global Press Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Plus de hippopotamus population wey dey decline sekof poaching, de food dem provide to de tilapia fish start to disappear as well. Dis cause an immense decline for de tilapia population insyd, as de hippo population wey dey decrease no fi support de same amount of de tilapia fish species as e do before, wey e cause a growing problem no only give de ecosystem, but de fishermen within de villages dat dey surround Lake Edward. [[File:Fishermen on Lake Edward.jpg|thumb|Fishermen on Lake Edward]] == References == aahrkb0ascwrhdfk4y6xo59gcnxwpu3 Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa 0 27202 99846 2026-06-03T09:06:09Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355668708|Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa]]" 99846 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]] s88e16r8i3kcik37dslu2jogtw0m7kd 99848 99846 2026-06-03T09:09:49Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99848 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]] 983fmt7zfdbdt9p91orfy25icr1ls7v 99849 99848 2026-06-03T09:10:34Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99849 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years, eqrfdpltiflum8nrd875qtlwcgvdkde 99850 99849 2026-06-03T09:11:26Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99850 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions. r1svztp2irf0jy3bnpjf4zen3ccxazr 99853 99850 2026-06-03T09:12:55Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99853 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015, 7f8bsaqo6hwnz0holuxdt6ep6zbxit0 99855 99853 2026-06-03T09:14:04Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 added citation 99855 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref> nk40vorck7rxl9dqe6m6zpelpmptzf2 99858 99855 2026-06-03T09:15:39Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99858 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation 0hft8epqvpcymku00mwqgae6g3569w0 99859 99858 2026-06-03T09:16:39Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99859 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to correct sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period. jqcx97fe5oao17un5jcr00fvxck77it 99860 99859 2026-06-03T09:18:11Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 changed some content 99860 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period. 638vltfaqjb00vxs1k6zk64qaazqiai 99861 99860 2026-06-03T09:19:17Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99861 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa imrthgso97uplutwfef5rxwvflmvc4t 99862 99861 2026-06-03T09:20:27Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99862 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015) nrj19xvspuuq3vq9ndj9zj52cs5wxd3 99869 99862 2026-06-03T09:24:42Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99869 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people kaaolx7eahmkv88087zto1oll5t33ck 99871 99869 2026-06-03T09:25:31Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99871 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation kzvkwjxk0uuti6ff8xso06zzncm8jqc 99873 99871 2026-06-03T09:27:54Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99873 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015. nnbzlsnp4kqc3qmd2g4yrhdxu6k0dyw 99874 99873 2026-06-03T09:28:51Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 added citation 99874 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref> 5do0k23avlsmdf85wnh25ttoob13ddz 99875 99874 2026-06-03T09:29:55Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99875 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey 2zqw6lc0fskveqbc63uzisvqnk55hn7 99876 99875 2026-06-03T09:30:28Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99876 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries 3b6oz04okd6rxzkv9gezi1snsiaqvnk 99877 99876 2026-06-03T09:31:04Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99877 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa, nas3iefiwqt0d25qu51twamp52ojnr8 99880 99877 2026-06-03T09:31:46Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99880 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas lbmzw8zhzwiuewq9tb53iqxcljxpzns 99881 99880 2026-06-03T09:32:13Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99881 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. 3kjb96esdfmwsgv3wqss1x7gx2j4d0q 99884 99881 2026-06-03T09:33:38Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99884 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, 3iuoptx2nkmxv50tsbwe73e3457wrop 99885 99884 2026-06-03T09:34:20Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99885 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water nez6c36tv3xr2gzcvcyjj54hri2xacr 99886 99885 2026-06-03T09:34:55Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99886 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, k4so72zif3s3lrusanab3htexufwabr 99888 99886 2026-06-03T09:35:44Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99888 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water ji8y5m27dqw75a6vpra7wrencwekyyy 99890 99888 2026-06-03T09:36:15Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99890 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas 0y0yr9xbnjj7ygk9w2j4p3zozp9ad6v 99893 99890 2026-06-03T09:37:41Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99893 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common, bjq5pq3jqwwdomvluxi2i5laujvls53 99894 99893 2026-06-03T09:38:48Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99894 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment 72qtc0o0s8jb5yu4vv2q634tj8n92od 99895 99894 2026-06-03T09:39:29Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99895 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass. 7alw5aed6lk8ryyqf83tbu02sd87t6w 99898 99895 2026-06-03T09:40:47Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99898 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form tfvudxlt3qvk0on1l0pemeo9il93cpp 99899 99898 2026-06-03T09:41:35Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99899 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share. 6z5ok1i7pam0kxshi4ywplp1l425hyh 99900 99899 2026-06-03T09:45:24Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99900 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation bdwtfq6ybdh27oxgnjcu3nagopv55te 99904 99900 2026-06-03T09:47:01Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99904 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves, 285uq3zbs23fumgrfqd6js3juoiiv41 99906 99904 2026-06-03T09:47:42Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99906 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005). f9en05mv20ngft4cgujhqnmwgsco0s8 99908 99906 2026-06-03T09:50:16Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99908 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households 0wrg88fnwk9i2if9kw0a70beswv32uq 99909 99908 2026-06-03T09:51:46Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99909 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services, k3ga5nchi3tudk7q0j3lqluyg8iec5a 99910 99909 2026-06-03T09:52:24Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99910 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion. 2qf41pmk9qv3sqn9ruxg44e1xpfz8an 99911 99910 2026-06-03T09:56:03Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99911 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines. crmmvydk7afpxbt4vrldijur5vtzi7k 99914 99911 2026-06-03T09:59:04Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99914 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion). 93zdmoyxm9qjrr344bb1odt9s9f73s3 99915 99914 2026-06-03T10:00:42Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99915 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small, b5ybwtloxztahzcun430hfom1gswm4g 99917 99915 2026-06-03T10:01:24Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99917 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. 2uw9gdfvxxn1jqvgxq9yk3jt01pg3hg 99922 99917 2026-06-03T10:03:36Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added heading 99922 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == hbzz2xxvz6r13iqet50h1iacvj3kjqs 99924 99922 2026-06-03T10:04:26Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added subheading 99924 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === 3xzvydwfg3vf8dxt4pdbta35y2c2ceh 99930 99924 2026-06-03T10:06:22Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99930 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === Groundwater dey play very important role for sustaining water supply in0wkuezyt43m37qma7dwmk1x3p5xar 99932 99930 2026-06-03T10:07:32Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99932 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === Groundwater dey play very important role for sustaining water supply and supporting people’s livelihoods for Sub-Saharan Africa 0tyn0uvamm0vbc0jxbbiuldc43sm269 99940 99932 2026-06-03T10:25:20Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 changed some content 99940 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive p8x9r97qbu9tncxkwq1yivw41c4jsv3 99941 99940 2026-06-03T10:27:36Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99941 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive especially because e dey everywhere waa, sl90nwva6stypz7019zzt1w91llmc8s 99943 99941 2026-06-03T10:30:06Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99943 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive especially because e dey everywhere waa,generally e dey clean pass, o97hdj2s4dl9oj203mm39fhzluwm4j4 99944 99943 2026-06-03T10:32:11Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99944 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive especially because e dey everywhere waa,generally e dey clean pass,and e get the power to hold body when drought come gkz04p4unwszj5hgpiae0nf4wtyqcey 99945 99944 2026-06-03T10:33:18Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99945 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive especially because e dey everywhere waa,generally e dey clean pass,and e get the power to hold body when drought come and weather dey change anyhow. r41ait2ppa5u2ek3mbab3a8tohiiafu 99946 99945 2026-06-03T10:37:46Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added databox 99946 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === [[File:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Communal tap (standpost) for drinking water in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. May 2005]] Groundwater plays a key role in sustaining water supplies and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa especially due to its widespread availability, generally high quality, and intrinsic ability to buffer episodes of drought and increasing climate variability. Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive especially because e dey everywhere waa,generally e dey clean pass,and e get the power to hold body when drought come and weather dey change anyhow. c921zpb1stfe271srnj3tt0i2z8kw9a 99947 99946 2026-06-03T10:40:49Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99947 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === [[File:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Communal tap (standpost) for drinking water in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. May 2005]] Groundwater plays a key role in sustaining water supplies and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa especially due to its widespread availability, generally high quality, and intrinsic ability to buffer episodes of drought and increasing climate variability. Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive especially because e dey everywhere waa,generally e dey clean pass,and e get the power to hold body when drought come and weather dey change anyhow. Yet the sources wey dey provide clean water to drink for Africa no plenty, svf3w3xyak88me6l9lllchjh47nsj6x 99948 99947 2026-06-03T10:41:46Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99948 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === [[File:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Communal tap (standpost) for drinking water in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. May 2005]] Groundwater plays a key role in sustaining water supplies and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa especially due to its widespread availability, generally high quality, and intrinsic ability to buffer episodes of drought and increasing climate variability. Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive especially because e dey everywhere waa,generally e dey clean pass,and e get the power to hold body when drought come and weather dey change anyhow. Yet the sources wey dey provide clean water to drink for Africa no plenty,one research wey dem do for 2007 show say more than 40% of Africans dey use groundwater as their main drinking water, oox98anc257hk7e9m9w3bu0huv7dof8 99949 99948 2026-06-03T10:44:35Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99949 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === [[File:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Communal tap (standpost) for drinking water in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. May 2005]] Groundwater plays a key role in sustaining water supplies and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa especially due to its widespread availability, generally high quality, and intrinsic ability to buffer episodes of drought and increasing climate variability. Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive especially because e dey everywhere waa,generally e dey clean pass,and e get the power to hold body when drought come and weather dey change anyhow. Yet the sources wey dey provide clean water to drink for Africa no plenty,one research wey dem do for 2007 show say more than 40% of Africans dey use groundwater as their main drinking water,one research wey dem do for 2007 show say more than 40% of Africans dey use groundwater as their main drinking water, tq9elwedwnr5m18mjrulmcrqjb7qys3 99950 99949 2026-06-03T10:45:46Z Dinnani Hamdia 3237 Added content 99950 wikitext text/x-wiki From Wikipedia[[File:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|For plenty countries for Africa, jerry can wey people dey use carry and store water be good option for safe water storage.]]Although access to water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey improve small small for the last twenty years,the region still dey behind all the other developing regions.Access to better water supply increase from 49% for 1990 reach 68% for 2015,<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>while access to better sanitation only rise from 28% reach 31% for dat same period.Sub-Saharan Africa no fit achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990–2015)wey dem set make dem cut the number of people wey no get access to safe drinking water and sanitation by half between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{Citation |title=Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa |date=2026-05-23 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_sub-Saharan_Africa&oldid=1355668708 |access-date=2026-06-03 |language=en}}</ref>Big differences still dey among the countries for Sub-Saharan Africa,and also between urban areas and rural areas. Normally, utilities dey supply water for urban areas, while municipalities or community groups dey provide water for rural areas.Sewerage networks no too common,and wastewater treatment even dey less common pass.Sanitation often dey come in the form of individual pit latrines or toilets wey people dey share.70% of the investments for water supply and sanitation for Sub-Saharan Africa dey come from inside the countries themselves,and only 30% dey come from outside sources (average from 2001 to 2005).Most of the internal financing dey come from households wey dey use their own money provide water and sanitation services,wey amount to about $2.1 billion wey be mainly for on-site sanitation systems like latrines.Public sector financing ($1.2 billion) almost dey equal external financing ($1.4 billion).The contribution from private commercial financing be very small,only about $10 million. == Water resources == === Groundwater === [[File:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Communal tap (standpost) for drinking water in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. May 2005]] Groundwater plays a key role in sustaining water supplies and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa especially due to its widespread availability, generally high quality, and intrinsic ability to buffer episodes of drought and increasing climate variability. Groundwater dey do big work for how people for sub-Saharan Africa take get water and survive especially because e dey everywhere waa,generally e dey clean pass,and e get the power to hold body when drought come and weather dey change anyhow. Yet the sources wey dey provide clean water to drink for Africa no plenty,one research wey dem do for 2007 show say more than 40% of Africans dey use groundwater as their main drinking water, especially for the North and Southern parts of Africa. 6m0xucontnexzuzbh0ad8j0fk3l3axq