Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1427 108118 82444 2026-07-29T22:15:27Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 108118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q5280019}} '''Dipo Rites''' be one of de most popular traditional puberty rite wey menners dey criticize for Ghana waa, but esan be one of de most attended event for de country insyd, wey esan get huge patronage from tourists.<ref>Sanza, Akesse (2021-07-08). "[https://jetsanza.com/dipo-ceremony-all-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-much-criticised-puberty-rite/ Dipo Ceremony: All what you need to know about the much-criticised puberty rite]". ''Jetsanza.com''. Retrieved 2022-07-19.</ref> De traditional festival be festival wey Odumase krobo menners wey dem dey Eastern region for Ghana wey dey celebrate am.<ref name=":0">"[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/festivals.php Festivals in Ghana]". www.ghanaweb.com. Retrieved 27 December 2011.</ref> Dem dey celebrate this festival for de month of April every year.<ref name=":0" /> De festival dey use to welcome girls wey neva dey woman yet or wey neva reach puberty enter womanhood.<ref>"[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tribes/puberty_rites.php Puberty Rites from Ghana]". ''www.ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved 2022-05-30.</ref> E show say di girl wey dey participate get age to marry.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20111220062338/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/home/?_=33 Some festivals in Ghana]". www.ghanadistricts.com. Archived from [http://www.ghanadistricts.com/home/?_=33 the original] on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.</ref> When parents hear say de festival don start dem go send dier qualified girls go chief priest. But dem girls go need pass through rituals and test to show say dem still pure before dem qualify to join de festival.<ref name=":1">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20240422111346/http://www.travel-to-discover-ghana.com/dipo-festival.html dipo rite]". Retrieved 6 September 2014.</ref> On de first day of de rite, dem go shave de head of de girls and dress dem with cloth wey dem go tie only for dema knee level. Dis one na special ritual mother go do am and e show say dem girls don transition from childhood to adulthood.<ref name=":2">[http://bradtghanaupdate.wordpress.com/2013/04/07/dipo-festival-of-the-krobo-somanya-odumasi/ "dipo festival"]. Retrieved 6 September 2014.</ref> Dem go parade dem show de whole community as de initiates (dipo-yo).<ref name=":1" /> Early de next morning, de chief priest go give de initiates ritual bath. E go pour libation make e beg blessings for de girls. E go wash dema legs with blood of goat wey dier parents bring. Dis one na to chase away any spirit of barrenness. De important part of de rite na wen de girls go sit for de sacred stone. Dis one na to prove say dem still pure.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140907005441/http://site.uit.no/ruhta/dipo/ "dipo"]. Retrieved 6 September 2014.</ref> But if any girl dem catch say she dey pregnant or she no pure, dem go hate her for de community and no man go wan marry her from dema tribe. Dem go keep dema girls for one week wey dem go teach dem how to cook, keep house and take care of child. De ritual mothers go teach dem special lessons on how to make man happy. Dem go learn how to do Klama dance wey dem go perform for de final day of de rites.<ref name=":2" /> After one week of schooling dem go release dem, de whole community go gather celebrate de transition of de girls as dem enta womanhood. Dem go dress dem well with nice kente cloth and dem go put beads for dem waist, neck and arms. Dem go sing and play drum while dem perform de Klama dance.<ref name=":1" /> At this point any man wey get interest for any of dem fit start to investigate dier family. Dem go assume say any lady wey take part for de rite go bring honor not only to herself but also to her family. De purpose na to teach young women about dema responsibilities before dem enter marriage.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230220090118/http://www.easternregion.gov.gh/index.php/upper-manya-krobo/ "Upper Manya Krobo – Eastern Regional Official Website"]. Retrieved 2020-08-11.</ref> == References == [[Category:Annual events for Ghana insyd]] [[Category:Ghanaian culture]] [[Category:Ghana stubs]] [[Category:Rites of passage]] <references /> [[Category:Festivals insyd Ghana]] 46o3kiazqochwz3tc4jl3769z3f5st7 0 2602 108105 61222 2026-07-29T18:31:09Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 108105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q222746}} '''Asamoah Gyan''' (born 22 November 1985) be Ghanaian former professional footballer wey play as striker. He be de former captain for de Ghana national team.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/ghana-news-asamoah-gyan-quits-black-stars.html "Asamoah Gyan retires over captaincy"]. ''www.graphic.com.gh''. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.</ref><ref>Somuah-Annan, Grace Afua (21 June 2023). [https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/235908-asamoah-gyan-black-star-captain-reveals-manifested-role-ghana-national-team/ ""Visionary": Asamoah Gyan says he wanted to play with Black Stars since class 6".] ''Yen.com.gh - Ghana news''. Retrieved 24 June 2023.</ref> Gyan start ein career insyd 2003 plus Ghana Premier League club Liberty Professionals wey he score ten goals for sixteen matches insyd wey he spend three seasons plus Serie A club Udinese thru two seasons loan for Modena wey he net fifteen occasions for 53 league matches insyd wey for Udinese he score 11 tyms for 39 league matches insyd.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050811234831/http://www.channel4.com/sport/football_italia/aug10c.html "Asamoah signs Friuli deal]". Channel4. 10 August 2007. Archived from [http://www.channel4.com/sport/football_italia/aug10c.html the original] on 11 August 2005. Retrieved 10 August 2007.</ref> For 2008 insyd, Gyan join Ligue 1 club Rennes, wey he score fourteen tym insyd 48 league matches during two seasons.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080713010211/http://www.football365.fr/depeches/filinfo_250150_34_Rennes-Asamoah-Gyan-signe-4-ans.shtml "Rennes : Asamoah Gyan signe 4 ans"]. Football365.fr. 11 July 2008. Archived from [http://www.football365.fr/depeches/filinfo_250150_34_Rennes-Asamoah-Gyan-signe-4-ans.shtml the original] on 13 July 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.</ref> For 2010 insyd, Gyan join Premier League club Sunderland, wey he break de club ein transfer record den score for ten occasions insyd 34 Premier League matches during two seasons.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/s/sunderland/8958346.stm "Asamoah Gyan joins Sunderland for record £13m fee"]. ''BBC Sport''. 31 August 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.</ref> For 2011 insyd, Gyan join Al Ain of de UAE Pro League for loan wey he cam turn de league ein top goalscorer, he score 22 tyms for 18 matches insyd.<ref>[https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11695/7167193/gyan-deal-confirmed "Gyan deal confirmed"]. ''Sky Sports''. Retrieved 20 November 2023.</ref> For de season wey dey follow, Gyan permanently join Al Ain wey he help dem retain dema Pro League title, once again he fini as de league ein top goalscorer plus impressive 31 goals insyd 22 matches.<ref>[https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/asamoah-gyan-signs-massive-wage-945189 "Final insult: Sunderland make loss on Gyan as he agrees £140k-a-week move after tax"]. ''Daily Mirror''. 29 June 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2012.</ref> For de 2013–14 league season insyd, Gyan fini as top scorer for record third tym, plus 29 goals insyd 26 matches.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140729150033/http://www.asamoahgyan3.com/news/item/64-asamoah-gyan-inks-contract-extension-at-al-ain "Asamoah Gyan inks contract extension at Al Ain"]. Asamoah Gyan 3. 24 July 2014. Archived from [http://asamoahgyan3.com/news/item/64-asamoah-gyan-inks-contract-extension-at-al-ain the original] on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.</ref> Gyan be de all-time leading goalscorer for de Ghana national team, plus 51 goals.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Black-Stars-vacant-job-What-Asamoah-Gyan-three-former-players-have-said-1701596 "Black Stars vacant job: What Asamoah Gyan, three former players have said"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.</ref> He represent Ghana for de 2006, 2010 den 2014 FIFA World Cups. Plus 6 goals, he be de top African goalscorer for de history of de World Cup. Gyan sanso represent Ghana for de 2004 Summer Olympics den for seven Africa Cup of Nations insyd 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017 den 2019, wey he help make dem fini for third-place insyd 2008 den runner-up insyd 2010 den 2015. He launch ein memoir, dem title "LeGYANdry" for de Kempinski Gold Coast Hotel wey dey Accra.<ref>Ayamga, Emmanuel (6 May 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230423065501/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/money-raised-from-asamoah-gyans-book-launch-to-be-used-for-charity/zq98ye2 "Money raised from Asamoah Gyan's book launch to be used for charity"]. ''Pulse Ghana''. Retrieved 15 May 2022.</ref> For 20 June 2023, Gyan announce ein retirement from active football.<ref>[https://ghanasoccernet.com/social-media-reacts-to-asamoah-gyans-retirement "Social media reacts to Asamoah Gyan's retirement"]. ''Ghana Soccernet''. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.</ref> == Ein life matter == Gyan be de last born for ein parents, Baffour Gyan Mensah (poppie) den de late Madam Cecilia Amoako (mummie). Ein senior bro Baffour Gyan esana be former professional footballer.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230607014839/https://coverghana.com.gh/asamoah-gyan-biography-age-education-wife-children-business/ "Asamoah Gyan Biography: Age, Education, Wife, Children, Business"]. 20 August 2022.</ref> Gyan marry Gifty Sandra Dzamesi wey togeda, dem get three kiddies, namely, Rafael Gyan, Frederick Gyan den Floyd Gyan.<ref>[https://www.mynewsgh.com/asamoah-gyan-bio-age-wife-children-net-worth-parents-height/ "Asamoah Gyan Bio, Age, Wife, Children, Net Worth, Parents, Height"]. 24 August 2022.</ref><ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2023/11/i-dont-regret-marrying-but-im-glad-it-has-ended-asamoah-gyan/ "I don't regret marrying but I'm glad it has ended – Asamoah Gyan"]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.</ref> == Ein club career == === Liberty Professionals === Born for Accra insyd, Gyan get ein early education for Seven Great Princess Academy wey dey Dansoman wey he plete for 1999 insyd, wey he do ein secondary education for Accra Academy from 1999 cam 2002.<ref>[https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4389/ghanaian-football/2013/01/30/3711876/seven-great-princess-academy-to-honour-asamoah-gyan-after "Seven Great Princess Academy to honour Asamoah Gyan after 2013 Afcon | Goal.com"]. ''www.goal.com''. Retrieved 10 June 2020.</ref> Gyan start ein career for Ghanaian club Liberty Professionals wey dey locate for Accra insyd. For ein top flight season per plus de club, he play 16 league matches for de Ghana Premier League insyd wey he score 10 goals. He end de season as de league ein third top goal scorer.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Asamoah-Gyan-rues-not-winning-2003-GPL-top-scorer-award-928852 "Asamoah Gyan rues not winning 2003 GPL top-scorer award"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2021.</ref><ref>Asare, Nana (19 April 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210519180305/https://footballmadeinghana.com/2020/04/19/asamoah-gyan-rues-not-winning-2003-gpl-top-scorer-award/ "Asamoah Gyan rues not winning 2003 GPL top-scorer award"]. ''Football Made In Ghana''. Retrieved 19 May 2021.</ref> === Udinese === === Rennes === === Sunderland === === Al Ain === === Shanghai SIPG === === Kayserispor === On 5 July 2017, he join de Turkish club Kayserispor.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40510012 "Ghana striker Asamoah Gyan signs for Turkey's Kayserispor"]. ''BBC''. 5 July 2017.</ref> For 9 August 2019, Gyan lef go Kayserispor.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Asamoah-Gyan-confirms-departure-from-Kayserispor-770667# "Asamoah Gyan confirms departure from Kayserispor"]. 9 August 2019.</ref> === North East United === === Legon Cities === === Retirement === Gyan announce ein retirement from active football for 20 June 2023, wey dey mark de end of career wey dey span two decades.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/65973448 "Ghana's record goalscorer Gyan retires"]. ''BBC Sport''. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.</ref> De announcement take place for de 30th Afreximbank Annual Meetings dem hold for de Accra International Conference Centre.<ref>Zurek, Kweku (20 June 2023). [https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/ghanaian-football-legend-asamoah-gyan-retires.html "Ghanaian football legend Asamoah Gyan retires"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 21 June 2023.</ref> == Outside football == === Boxing promotion === For June 2012 insyd, Gyan turned ein attention towards boxing promotion wey he announce say he go put on ein debut boxing show for Ghana insyd.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161019002813/http://www.boxingfutures.com/news/0627-asamoah-gyan-turns-boxing-promoter "Asamoah Gyan turns Boxing promoter"]. ''boxingfutures.com''. 27 June 2012. Archived from [http://www.boxingfutures.com/news/0627-asamoah-gyan-turns-boxing-promoter the original] on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2012.</ref> For 6 July 2012, Asamoah Gyan state say: Ghana get chaw great boxers previously lyk Azumah Nelson, Ike Quartey den Joshua Clottey, so we for push de young ones wey dey cam up. I go lyk encourage de young ones wey dey cam up den those wey want achieve dema aim.—  Asamoah Gyan<ref name=":0" /> For February 2021 insyd, dem terminate contract between Baby Jet Promotions den Emmanuel Tagoe wey na he per be de boxer for de promotion ein fold insyd. Na de contract be period wey dey span October 2018 cam November 2021.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/emmanuel-tagoe-asamoah-gyan-terminates-contract-of-boxer.html "Emmanuel Tagoe: Asamoah Gyan terminates contract of boxer"]. ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 19 February 2021.</ref> === Baby Jet Airlines === As of October 2017, de Ghanaian Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) grant Asamoah Gyan ''Air Carrier Licence'' (ACL). According to de Ghana News Agency, dem dey bell de start-up Baby Jet Airlines. Plus de license wey dey hand insyd. dem now permit de start-up make e begin plus ein Air operator's certificate (AOC) certification drive.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Asamoah-Gyan-to-operate-Baby-Jet-Airlines-594070 "Asamoah Gyan to operate Baby Jet Airlines"]. ghanaweb.com. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.</ref> === Tennis === He begin dey play tennis for 2020 insyd so say he go keep am fit after long break due to injury.<ref>Kapoor, Daraja Jr. (7 May 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20201017123729/https://footballmadeinghana.com/2020/05/07/ghana-all-time-top-scorer-asamoah-gyan-takes-up-tennis-in-free-time/ "Ghana all-time top scorer Asamoah Gyan takes up tennis in free time"]. ''Football Made In Ghana''. Retrieved 16 October 2020.</ref> Baby Jet Promotions link up plus MANCWA Commodities make e run de Top 16 Invitational tournament in bid make he promote de sport.<ref>[https://footballghana.com/ghana-legend-asamoah-gyan-supports-ghana-tennis-stars "Ghana legend Asamoah Gyan supports Ghana tennis stars"]. ''Footballghana''. Retrieved 16 October 2020.</ref> == Career statistics == === Club === {| class="wikitable" |+Appearances den goals by club, season den competition<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/624/ Asamoah Gyan] at Soccerway</ref><ref>[https://archive.ph/20130911145539/http://agleague.ae/en/person/asamoah-jyan.html "Gyan UAE Football League competitions stats"]. PLC. Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.</ref><ref>[https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/5682-asamoah-gyan "Asamoah Gyan career stats"]. Football Database.eu. Retrieved 11 September 2013.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160322144104/https://fanet.ae/uaefa/aspx/public/players.aspx?lang=en&rowid=30461 "Gyan UAE competitions stats"]. UAE FA. Archived from [https://www.fanet.ae/uaefa/aspx/public/players.aspx?lang=en&rowid=30461 the original] on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2013.</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Liberty Professionals |2003<ref name=":2">[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/2603.html "Gyan, Asamoah"]. ''National Football Teams''. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 2 September 2013.</ref> |Ghana Premier League |16 |10 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |16 |10 |- | rowspan="4" |Udinese |2003–04 |Serie A |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |1 |0 |- |2006–07 |Serie A |25 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |26 |8 |- |2007–08 |Serie A |13 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |13 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !39 !11 !1 !0 !1 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !40 !11 |- | rowspan="3" |Modena (loan) |2004–05 |Serie B |28 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |28 |7 |- |2005–06 |Serie B |25 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |26 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !53 !15 !1 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !54 !15 |- | rowspan="4" |Rennes |2008–09<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141116124439/http://www.ligue1.com/joueur/gyan-asamoah "Gyan French competitions stats"]. ''Ligue1.com''. Archived from [http://www.ligue1.com/joueur/gyan-asamoah the original] on 16 November 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2013.</ref> |Ligue 1 |16 |1 |2 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |– |20 |1 |- |2009–10<ref name=":1" /> |Ligue 1 |29 |13 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |30 |13 |- |2010–11<ref name=":1" /> |Ligue 1 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !48 !14 !3 !0 !1 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !53 !14 |- | rowspan="3" |Sunderland |2010–11 |Premier League |31 |10 |1 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |33 |11 |- |2011–12 |Premier League |3 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !34 !10 !1 !0 !2 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !37 !11 |- |Al Ain (loan) |2011–12 |UAE Pro League |18 |22 |1 |2 |5 |3 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |24 |27 |- | rowspan="4" |Al Ain |2012–13 |UAE Pro League |22 |31 |2 |0 |0 |0 |4 |1 |1 |0 |29 |32 |- |2013–14 |UAE Pro League |26 |29 |4 |6 |2 |0 |12 |12 |1 |0 |45 |47 |- |2014–15 |UAE Pro League |17 |13 |1 |4 |0 |0 |6 |5 |1 |0 |25 |22 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !83 !95 !8 !12 !7 !3 !22 !18 !3 !0 !123 !128 |- | rowspan="3" |Shanghai SIPG |2015 |Chinese Super League |10 |4 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |11 |5 |- |2016 |Chinese Super League |10 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |– |4 |0 | colspan="2" |– |15 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !20 !7 !2 !1 !0 !0 !4 !0 !0 !0 !26 !8 |- |Shabab Al-Ahli (loan) |2016–17 |UAE Pro League |14 |6 |1 |0 |3 |3 |7 |2 |1 |0 |26 |11 |- | rowspan="3" |Kayserispor |2017–18 |Süper Lig |12 |1 |5 |3 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |17 |4 |- |2018–19 |Süper Lig |14 |4 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |17 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !26 !5 !8 !4 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !34 !9 |- |NorthEast United |2019–20 |Indian Super League |8 |4 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |8 |4 |- |Legon Cities |2020–21 |Ghana Premier League |6 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |7 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !347 !177 !26 !17 !13 !7 !34 !20 !4 !0 !424 !221 |} === International === {| class="wikitable" |+Appearances den goals by national team den year<ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/agyan-intlg.html "Asamoah Gyan - Century of International Appearances"]. ''RSSSF''.</ref> !National team !Year !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="16" |Ghana |2003 |2 |1 |- |2004 |3 |2 |- |2005 |5 |5 |- |2006 |9 |4 |- |2007 |4 |1 |- |2008 |4 |1 |- |2009 |5 |2 |- |2010 |17 |7 |- |2011 |5 |4 |- |2012 |8 |1 |- |2013 |15 |11 |- |2014 |9 |6 |- |2015 |8 |3 |- |2016 |2 |0 |- |2017 |9 |3 |- |2019 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !109 !51 |} == Honours == '''Rennes''' * Coupe de France runner-up: 2008–09<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2009/05/09/france/coupe-de-france/stade-rennais-fc/en-avant-de-guingamp/770873/ "Rennes vs. Guingamp - Coupe de France Final"]. ''Soccerway''. 9 May 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2022.</ref> '''Al Ain''' * UAE Pro League: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Asamoah-Gyan-wins-UAE-league-with-Al-Ain-354940 "Asamoah Gyan wins UAE league with Al Ain"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 18 April 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2022.</ref> * UAE President's Cup: 2013–14 * UAE Super Cup: 2012 '''Shabab Al Ahli''' * UAE League Cup: 2016–17 * UAE Super Cup: 2016 '''Ghana''' Africa Cup of Nations runner-up: 2010, 2015; third place: 2008<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2008/02/09/africa/africa-cup-of-nations/ghana/cote-divoire/555552/ "Ghana vs. Cote D'Ivoire 4&nbsp;– 2"]. ''Soccerway''. Retrieved 11 February 2015.</ref><ref>Wyatt, Ben (9 February 2008). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/7235829.stm "Third place"]. ''BBC Sport''. Retrieved 11 February 2015.</ref> '''Individual''' * BBC African Footballer of de Year: 2010<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/9286892.stm "Ghana's Asamoah Gyan is named as 2010 BBC winner"]. ''BBC Sport''. 17 December 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2010.</ref> * African Footballer of de Year runner-up: 2010 * CAF Team of de Year: 2010, 2013, 2014 * UAE Pro League top scorer: 2011–12,<ref>[https://ghanasoccernet.com/asamoah-gyan-shares-golden-shoe-award-with-entire-al-ain-club "Asamoah Gyan shares Golden Shoe award with entire Al Ain club"]. ''GhanaSoccernet''. 31 March 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2022.</ref> 2012–13, 2013–14<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/540891/gyan-wins-golden-boot.html "Gyan Wins Golden Boot"]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 16 August 2022.</ref> * AFC Champions League top scorer: 2014 * AFC Champions League Dream Team: 2014<ref>John Greco (11 November 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160808073751/http://www.footballaustralia.com.au/article/four-wanderers-in-acl-dream-team/17khescdjpnd916s2bx55kqwkl "Four Wanderers in ACL Dream Team"]. Football Federation Australia. Archived from [http://www.footballaustralia.com.au/article/four-wanderers-in-acl-dream-team/17khescdjpnd916s2bx55kqwkl the original] on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</ref> * AFC Foreign Player of de Year: 2014 * GCC Golden Boot: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14 * UAE President's Cup top scorer: 2013–14,<ref>[https://www.albayan.ae/sports/emirates/2014-05-19-1.2125747 "جيان جلاد الحراس يهدي الكأس إلى العين]". AlBayan.ae. 18 May 2014.</ref><ref>[https://globalsportsarchive.com/competition/soccer/presidents-cup-2013-2014/final/50785/ "President's Cup 2013/2014"]. Global Sports Archive. Retrieved 6 March 2022.</ref> 2014–15<ref>[https://globalsportsarchive.com/competition/soccer/presidents-cup-2014-2015/final/3826/ "President's Cup 2014/2015"]. Global Sports Archive. Retrieved 6 March 2022.</ref> * Africa Cup of Nations Team of de Tournament: 2010,<ref>[http://www.cafonline.com/competition/african-cup-of-nations-angola_2010/news/4614-caf-releases-top-11-of-orange-can.html "CAF Releases top 11 of Orange CAN"]. ''cafonline.com''. Confederation of African Football. 31 January 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100204125848/http://www.cafonline.com/competition/african-cup-of-nations-angola_2010/news/4614-caf-releases-top-11-of-orange-can.html Archived] from the original on 4 February 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010.</ref> 2013<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21416197 "Pitroipa named Player of Tournament"]. ''BBC Sport''. 11 February 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2023.</ref> * Ghana Men's Player of de Year Award: 2012<ref>[https://www.ghanafa.org/gyan-appiah-win-awards "Gyan, Appiah win awards"]. Ghana Football Association. Retrieved 17 August 2022.</ref> * Ghana Football Awards Player of de Decade: 2011–2020<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230718081954/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Check-out-the-full-list-as-Andre-Ayew-Gyan-Hearts-win-big-at-the-2021-Ghana-Football-Awards-1301176 "Check out the full list as Andre Ayew, Gyan, Hearts win big at the 2021 Ghana Football Awards"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 4 July 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.</ref><ref>Kwafo, Eric Nana Yaw (4 July 2022). [https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1091806/ghana-football-awards-asamoah-gyan-named-player.html "Ghana Football Awards: Asamoah Gyan named Player of the Decade; Check full list of winners"]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 16 August 2022.</ref> * Ghana Player of de Year: 2010,<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/337932/asamoah-gyan-wins-swag-top-award.html "Asamoah Gyan Wins SWAG Top Award"]. ''Modern Ghana''. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2020.</ref> 2014<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/kwasi-appiah-wins-top-swag-award.html "Kwasi Appiah wins top SWAG award"]. ''Graphic.com.gh''. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2019.</ref> * Calcio Trade Ball Order of de Star Award: 2017<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/KABA-lied-in-his-account-about-Major-Mahama-s-lynching-GAF-548095 "Gyan, Appiah and Abedi Pele win awards at 2017 Calcio Trade Ball"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 14 June 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2022.</ref> '''Records''' * Al Ain second all-time top scorer: 128 goals<ref>[http://www.alainteam.com/Records/bin-lib/Top.asp "Top Scorers"]. ''alainteam.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20040120172628/http://www.alainteam.com/Records/bin-lib/Top.asp the original] on 20 January 2004. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref> * Al Ain second all-time Pro League top scorer: 95 goals<ref>[https://alainclub.ae/en/a-role-model-of-faithfullness-to-its-legends/ "Top Scorers"]. ''AlAinClub.ae''. Retrieved 5 February 2022.</ref> * Al Ain most league goals for a season insyd: 31 goals (2012–13 season) * Al Ain second-most AFC Champions League goals: 18 goals * Most UAE Pro League top scorer awards: 3 (share am plus Fahad Khamees, Kodjo Laba) * Most GCC Golden Boot (Arabian Golden Boot) awards: 3 * Ghana national team all-time top goalscorer: 51 goals<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230718081954/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Meet-the-top-10-scorers-in-Black-Stars-history-1562123 "Meet the top 10 scorers in Black Stars history"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.</ref> * Ghana national team second all-time appearance holder: 109 appearances<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230718053337/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Meet-the-top-10-most-capped-Black-Stars-players-of-all-time-1561136 "Meet the top 10 most capped Black Stars players of all time"]. ''GhanaWeb''. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.</ref> * Most FIFA World Cup goals give Ghana: 6 goals<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131121044109/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=208353/ "Asamoah Gyan"]. FIFA. 25 July 2014. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=208353 the original] on 21 November 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2014.</ref> * Youngest goalscorer give Ghana national team: 17 years, 362 days (give Ghana vs Somalia, 2003)<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/artikel.php?ID=46763 "Ghana 5 Somalia 0"]. Ghanaweb. 16 November 2003.</ref> * Most tournaments wey dey represent Ghana for Africa Cup of Nations: 7 tournaments (share am plus André Ayew) * Most Africa Cup of Nations tournaments plus a goal: 6 tournaments (share am plus Samuel Eto'o, Kalusha Bwalya, André Ayew) * Most FIFA World Cup goals wey African player score: 6 goals<ref>Verschueren, Gianni. [https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2110806-asamoah-gyan-sets-record-for-most-career-world-cup-goals-by-an-african-player "Asamoah Gyan Sets Record for Most Career World Cup Goals by an African Player"]. ''Bleacher Report''. Retrieved 17 August 2022.</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Ghanaians]] [[Category:Ghanaian footballers]] [[Category:Ghanaian sportsmen]] [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:2008 Africa Cup of Nations players]] [[Category:2010 Africa Cup of Nations players]] [[Category:2012 Africa Cup of Nations players]] [[Category:2013 Africa Cup of Nations players]] [[Category:2015 Africa Cup of Nations players]] [[Category:2017 Africa Cup of Nations players]] [[Category:2019 Africa Cup of Nations players]] [[Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:Men's association football forwards]] [[Category:Chinese Super League players]] [[Category:FIFA Men's Century Club]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2004 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Ghana men's international footballers]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers]] [[Category:Ghanaian men's footballers]] [[Category:Kayserispor footballers]] [[Category:Liberty Professionals F.C. players]] [[Category:Ligue 1 players]] [[Category:Modena FC 2018 players]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Ghana]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Serie A players]] [[Category:Serie B players]] [[Category:Shanghai Port F.C. players]] [[Category:Stade Rennais F.C. players]] [[Category:Sunderland A.F.C. players]] [[Category:Al Ain FC players]] [[Category:Shabab Al Ahli Club players]] [[Category:Süper Lig players]] [[Category:UAE Pro League players]] [[Category:Udinese Calcio players]] [[Category:Legon Cities FC players]] q6e6mp05azanwhiodznzljp852kw5tm 0 11314 108087 46667 2026-07-29T13:10:41Z Truejointadventures 5175 this page is out dated and was replaced by new versions in English, French and German with about 60 sources. The Hamburg City flag has nothing to do with Georges Adeagbo 108087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Efase}} {{Databox}} '''Georges Adéagbo''' (born 1942) be a [[Benin|Beninese]] sculptor dem know for ein work plus found objects. A native of [[Cotonou]], Adéagbo study law insyd Abidjan<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Museum of African Art {{!}} African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection {{!}} Georges Adeagbo|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/adeagbo.html|access-date=2023-12-15|website=africa.si.edu}}</ref> before he move go France make he continue ein studies insyd political science. He return to [[Benin]] insyd 1971 upon de death of ein poppie, wey he begin dey create installations den environments for isolation from family den society.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Museum of African Art {{!}} African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection {{!}} Georges Adeagbo|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/adeagbo.html|access-date=2023-12-15|website=africa.si.edu}}</ref> By de early 1990s, he begin dey receive recognition after he be accidentally discovered by a French curator wey stumble upon Adeagbo ein courtyard. Eventually, years of work culminate insyd de reception of de Prize of Honor<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Museum of African Art {{!}} African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection {{!}} Georges Adeagbo|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/adeagbo.html|access-date=2023-12-15|website=africa.si.edu}}</ref> for de Venice Biennale insyd 1999, for de [http://www.jointadventures.org/adeagbo/venice.htm "A Story of a Lion"] installation project. Adéagbo dey gather de material for ein art wer ever he travel. Today, he primarily dey reside insyd Hamburg, Germany<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography Georges Adéagbo|url=https://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/en/exhibitions/georges-adeagbo/biography/|access-date=2023-12-15|website=Moderna Museet i Stockholm|language=en-US}}</ref> wey he often dey work insyd ein hometown of Cotonou. [[File:Flag_of_Hamburg.svg|thumb|Flag of Hamburg, Germany]] == Collections == * Toyota Municipal Museum of Art (2000 & 2004) * Museum Ludwig Cologne (2003) * Blake Byrne, Los Angeles (1999) ~ dem donate to L.A. MoCA spring (2005) * Galerie Elisabeth Kaufmann, Zurich (2005) * Philadelphia Museum of Art (2006) * Ulmer Museum (2007), Oslo National Museum of Art * Architecture den Design 2009, MAK Vienna (2009) * MUSAC Leon (2011) * KIASMA Helsinki (2011) * GIZ Regional Office Cotonou 2012, Collection Cecile Fakhoury Abidjan (2013) * Whitworth Art Gallery, De University of Manchester (2013) == Exhibitions == === Solo exhibitions === 1997 * 'Death and Resurrection' - Quimper, France 2000 * 'La rencontre de l'Afrique et du Japon' Toyota Municipal Museum of Art 2004 * 'The Pythagorean Age' - Gallery of Innsbruck * "The Explorer and the Explorers in the History of Exploration". !-The Theatre of the World.. !' - Museum Ludwig, Köln * 'African Socialism' - Ikon Gallery, Birmingham 2007 * Everything from Me to All" - Venice, Italy 2008 * "The Meeting...!" - Venice, Italy & Florence, Italy 2009 * "Colonization and the History of the Colonized" - MAK, Vienna, Austria 2010 * "Culture and Cultures – China in Hamburg", - Holzhauer Gallery Hamburg, Germany 2011 * "The Mission and the Missionaries" - MUSAC Leon (Spain) 2013 * "Once upon a time, Košice: Košice of yesterday, Košice of today..!" Make-Up Galler Košice, Slovakia ===Group exhibitions=== 1996 * 'Images of Africa' (Les images de l'afrique) "African Art towards the Year 2000" - Round Tower, Copenhagen, Denmark * "The Renaissance (La renaissance)" - Gallery of Agnès B., Paris, France 1998 * "Cannibalism" (le canibalisme) "Roteiros, Roteiros, Roteiros" - XXIV Biennale de São Paulo, Brazil * "The Philosophical Schools" (Les Écoles philosophiques) - Trinale der Klein-Plastik, Afrika-Europa", Stuttgart, Germany 1999 * ('The Story of the Lion') a one-day installation for the Campo dell'Arsenale, June 10: awarded with the 'premio della giuria' (prize of the jury) * [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Adeagbo "From Colonization to Independence":] Installation dem create make e display de traditional art forms den elements of culture regain during de decolonization process. Na such project be a combination between a variety of artists, wey sanso dey include representation of [[Ethiopia|Ethiopian]] den Yoruba culture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Georges Adéagbo {{!}} Beninese artist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Adeagbo |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> 2000 * 'ForwArt' / the composition of 'La colonisation Belge en Afrique noir' - Brussels, Belgium * 'The Resurrection of Edith Piaf' in '"Voilà, the world in your head"' - Musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris, ARC, France 2001 * 'Le Socialisme Africain' (African Socialism) - Zurich, Switzerland 2002 * "The Explorer and the Explorers in the History of Exploration". "The Theatre of the World.. !" in: Documenta 11 - Kassel, Germany 2004 * 'In the Bed' in: "In Bed." - Toyota Municipal Museum of Art, Toyota, Aichi, Japan * 'God-Creator in Creation' and 'AC/DC Archiv des Museum Ludwig' both in modified versions - The Kaufmann Gallery, Zürich, Switzerland * «La Colonisation Belge en Afrique Noir» - The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, US 2006 * "Abraham, God's Friend" - Philadelphia version - The Philadelphia Museum of Art 2007 * "Creating the World by Collecting - A Tribute to Christoph Weickmann" in 'Weickmann's Wunderkammer,' Ulmer Museum, Germany * "A Space with the World" in "Beyond the Wall," Stiftung Brandenburger Tor, Max Liebermann Haus - Berlin, Germany 2008 * "Ephemeral Fringes" Art Brussels - Brussels, Belgium * "Look at history!" in "See History 2008" - Kunsthalle Kiel * "Intolerance" for the Ravello Festival - Sorento, Italy 2009 * "Hypocrisy-The Sitespecifity of Morality" * Oslo National Museum of Contemporary Art, Norway * Fare Mondi" 53rd Venice Biennial, Italy 2010 * "Transparancy" Trasparenze, - Napoli, Italy 2011 * "ARS 11", Kiasma - Helsinki Finland * "ABSOLUTT INSTALLASJON" National Museum for Art, Architecture and Design - Oslo, Norway * Reinstallation of the work commissioned for the exhibition "Hypocrisy" in 2009. 2012 * "Paris Triennial" Palais de Tokyo, curated by Okwui Enwezor - Paris, France * "We Face Forward" - Whitworth Art Gallery Manchester, UK The Storytellers * The Stenersen Museum - Oslo, Norway * Biennale Regard Benin * Porto Novo and Togbin Plage, Benin 2013 * "DECOLONIZE MÜNCHEN" at the Stadtmuseum München, Germany "Germany before the war and Germany after the war..!" 2022 * [https://www.lincolncottage.org/eorges-adeagbo-to-transform-the-cottage-into-a-work-of-global-art/ "Create to Free Yourselves - President Lincoln's Cottage"]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kilborne |first=Rebecca |date=2022-12-14 |title=Acclaimed African Artist Georges Adéagbo will Transform the Cottage with his Installation Art in January |url=https://www.lincolncottage.org/eorges-adeagbo-to-transform-the-cottage-into-a-work-of-global-art/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=President Lincoln's Cottage {{!}} A Home for Brave Ideas |language=en-US}}</ref>[https://www.lincolncottage.org/eorges-adeagbo-to-transform-the-cottage-into-a-work-of-global-art/ :] [[File:Lincoln Cottage Rear Entrance.jpg|thumb|Lincoln's Cottage (Site of Adeagbo ein 2022–2024, Washington D.C. Exhibition)]] 2023 * "Create to Free Yourselves - Abraham Lincoln and the History of Freeing Slaves in America"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kilborne |first=Rebecca |date=2022-12-14 |title=Acclaimed African Artist Georges Adéagbo will Transform the Cottage with his Installation Art in January |url=https://www.lincolncottage.org/eorges-adeagbo-to-transform-the-cottage-into-a-work-of-global-art/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=President Lincoln's Cottage {{!}} A Home for Brave Ideas |language=en-US}}</ref> 2024 * "Ein neues Werk für die Hamburger Kunsthalle" (wich dey translate like "A new Work for the Hamburger Kunsthalle") == Bibliography == * ''[https://africa.si.edu/2023/01/create-to-free-yourselves-georges-adeagbo/ NEW! Georges Adéagbo: Create to Free Yourselves: Abraham Lincoln and the History of Freeing Slaves in America]''. (n.d.). * Robinson, S. (2023, January 24). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/abraham-lincolns-cottage-african-artist-george-adeagbo-pays-homage-great-emancipator-180981480/ At Abraham Lincoln's Cottage, Artist Georges Adéagbo Pays Homage to the Great Emancipator]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''. * Goldstein, C. (2020, June 2). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240806073404/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/georges-adeagbo-1873347 Artist Georges Adéagbo's New Exhibition in Berlin Juxtaposes Cultural Artifacts From Around the World to Spark New Ways of Seeing—See It Here]. ''Artnet News''. * ''[https://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/en/exhibitions/georges-adeagbo/ Georges Adéagbo – Moderna Museet i Stockholm]''. (n.d.). Moderna Museet I Stockholm. * Redaktion, S.-. (2021, March 15). ''[https://www.artatberlin.com/en/exhibition-georges-adeagbo-eli-cortinas-kindl-zentrum-zeitgenoessische-kunst-in-berlin-contemporary-art-exhibitions-galleries/ Georges Adéagbo (M2) | Eli Cortiñas (M1) | KINDL – Zentrum |] 28.03.-25.07.2020''. ART at Berlin | Contemporary Art | Ausstellungen | Galerien | Museen | Galerieführer | Kunst | Map. * ''[https://www.chesterwood.org/calendar-2023/2023/6/12/artists-talk-amp-opening-reception Artist's Talk & Opening Reception with Georges Adéagbo — Chesterwood]''. (2023, July 29). Chesterwood. == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Adeagbo, Georges}} [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Beninese people]] [[Category:20th-century Beninese sculptors]] [[Category:21st-century sculptors]] [[Category:Installation artists]] [[Category:People wey komot Cotonou]] [[Category:20th-century Beninese male artists]] [[Category:21st-century Beninese artists]] [[Category:21st-century Beninese male artists]] [[Category:Male sculptors]] [[Category:Beninese emigrants to France]] [[Category:Beninese emigrants to Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Artists wey komot Hamburg]] <references />{{Authority control}} ac55ad1evdbun94t9ay0hz6t515kzej 108089 108087 2026-07-29T16:35:46Z DaSupremo 9 Remove template 108089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Georges Adéagbo''' (born 1942) be a [[Benin|Beninese]] sculptor dem know for ein work plus found objects. A native of [[Cotonou]], Adéagbo study law insyd Abidjan<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Museum of African Art {{!}} African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection {{!}} Georges Adeagbo|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/adeagbo.html|access-date=2023-12-15|website=africa.si.edu}}</ref> before he move go France make he continue ein studies insyd political science. He return to [[Benin]] insyd 1971 upon de death of ein poppie, wey he begin dey create installations den environments for isolation from family den society.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Museum of African Art {{!}} African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection {{!}} Georges Adeagbo|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/adeagbo.html|access-date=2023-12-15|website=africa.si.edu}}</ref> By de early 1990s, he begin dey receive recognition after he be accidentally discovered by a French curator wey stumble upon Adeagbo ein courtyard. Eventually, years of work culminate insyd de reception of de Prize of Honor<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Museum of African Art {{!}} African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection {{!}} Georges Adeagbo|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/pigozzi/adeagbo.html|access-date=2023-12-15|website=africa.si.edu}}</ref> for de Venice Biennale insyd 1999, for de [http://www.jointadventures.org/adeagbo/venice.htm "A Story of a Lion"] installation project. Adéagbo dey gather de material for ein art wer ever he travel. Today, he primarily dey reside insyd Hamburg, Germany<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography Georges Adéagbo|url=https://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/en/exhibitions/georges-adeagbo/biography/|access-date=2023-12-15|website=Moderna Museet i Stockholm|language=en-US}}</ref> wey he often dey work insyd ein hometown of Cotonou. [[File:Flag_of_Hamburg.svg|thumb|Flag of Hamburg, Germany]] == Collections == * Toyota Municipal Museum of Art (2000 & 2004) * Museum Ludwig Cologne (2003) * Blake Byrne, Los Angeles (1999) ~ dem donate to L.A. MoCA spring (2005) * Galerie Elisabeth Kaufmann, Zurich (2005) * Philadelphia Museum of Art (2006) * Ulmer Museum (2007), Oslo National Museum of Art * Architecture den Design 2009, MAK Vienna (2009) * MUSAC Leon (2011) * KIASMA Helsinki (2011) * GIZ Regional Office Cotonou 2012, Collection Cecile Fakhoury Abidjan (2013) * Whitworth Art Gallery, De University of Manchester (2013) == Exhibitions == === Solo exhibitions === 1997 * 'Death and Resurrection' - Quimper, France 2000 * 'La rencontre de l'Afrique et du Japon' Toyota Municipal Museum of Art 2004 * 'The Pythagorean Age' - Gallery of Innsbruck * "The Explorer and the Explorers in the History of Exploration". !-The Theatre of the World.. !' - Museum Ludwig, Köln * 'African Socialism' - Ikon Gallery, Birmingham 2007 * Everything from Me to All" - Venice, Italy 2008 * "The Meeting...!" - Venice, Italy & Florence, Italy 2009 * "Colonization and the History of the Colonized" - MAK, Vienna, Austria 2010 * "Culture and Cultures – China in Hamburg", - Holzhauer Gallery Hamburg, Germany 2011 * "The Mission and the Missionaries" - MUSAC Leon (Spain) 2013 * "Once upon a time, Košice: Košice of yesterday, Košice of today..!" Make-Up Galler Košice, Slovakia ===Group exhibitions=== 1996 * 'Images of Africa' (Les images de l'afrique) "African Art towards the Year 2000" - Round Tower, Copenhagen, Denmark * "The Renaissance (La renaissance)" - Gallery of Agnès B., Paris, France 1998 * "Cannibalism" (le canibalisme) "Roteiros, Roteiros, Roteiros" - XXIV Biennale de São Paulo, Brazil * "The Philosophical Schools" (Les Écoles philosophiques) - Trinale der Klein-Plastik, Afrika-Europa", Stuttgart, Germany 1999 * ('The Story of the Lion') a one-day installation for the Campo dell'Arsenale, June 10: awarded with the 'premio della giuria' (prize of the jury) * [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Adeagbo "From Colonization to Independence":] Installation dem create make e display de traditional art forms den elements of culture regain during de decolonization process. Na such project be a combination between a variety of artists, wey sanso dey include representation of [[Ethiopia|Ethiopian]] den Yoruba culture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Georges Adéagbo {{!}} Beninese artist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Adeagbo |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> 2000 * 'ForwArt' / the composition of 'La colonisation Belge en Afrique noir' - Brussels, Belgium * 'The Resurrection of Edith Piaf' in '"Voilà, the world in your head"' - Musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris, ARC, France 2001 * 'Le Socialisme Africain' (African Socialism) - Zurich, Switzerland 2002 * "The Explorer and the Explorers in the History of Exploration". "The Theatre of the World.. !" in: Documenta 11 - Kassel, Germany 2004 * 'In the Bed' in: "In Bed." - Toyota Municipal Museum of Art, Toyota, Aichi, Japan * 'God-Creator in Creation' and 'AC/DC Archiv des Museum Ludwig' both in modified versions - The Kaufmann Gallery, Zürich, Switzerland * «La Colonisation Belge en Afrique Noir» - The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, US 2006 * "Abraham, God's Friend" - Philadelphia version - The Philadelphia Museum of Art 2007 * "Creating the World by Collecting - A Tribute to Christoph Weickmann" in 'Weickmann's Wunderkammer,' Ulmer Museum, Germany * "A Space with the World" in "Beyond the Wall," Stiftung Brandenburger Tor, Max Liebermann Haus - Berlin, Germany 2008 * "Ephemeral Fringes" Art Brussels - Brussels, Belgium * "Look at history!" in "See History 2008" - Kunsthalle Kiel * "Intolerance" for the Ravello Festival - Sorento, Italy 2009 * "Hypocrisy-The Sitespecifity of Morality" * Oslo National Museum of Contemporary Art, Norway * Fare Mondi" 53rd Venice Biennial, Italy 2010 * "Transparancy" Trasparenze, - Napoli, Italy 2011 * "ARS 11", Kiasma - Helsinki Finland * "ABSOLUTT INSTALLASJON" National Museum for Art, Architecture and Design - Oslo, Norway * Reinstallation of the work commissioned for the exhibition "Hypocrisy" in 2009. 2012 * "Paris Triennial" Palais de Tokyo, curated by Okwui Enwezor - Paris, France * "We Face Forward" - Whitworth Art Gallery Manchester, UK The Storytellers * The Stenersen Museum - Oslo, Norway * Biennale Regard Benin * Porto Novo and Togbin Plage, Benin 2013 * "DECOLONIZE MÜNCHEN" at the Stadtmuseum München, Germany "Germany before the war and Germany after the war..!" 2022 * [https://www.lincolncottage.org/eorges-adeagbo-to-transform-the-cottage-into-a-work-of-global-art/ "Create to Free Yourselves - President Lincoln's Cottage"]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kilborne |first=Rebecca |date=2022-12-14 |title=Acclaimed African Artist Georges Adéagbo will Transform the Cottage with his Installation Art in January |url=https://www.lincolncottage.org/eorges-adeagbo-to-transform-the-cottage-into-a-work-of-global-art/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=President Lincoln's Cottage {{!}} A Home for Brave Ideas |language=en-US}}</ref>[https://www.lincolncottage.org/eorges-adeagbo-to-transform-the-cottage-into-a-work-of-global-art/ :] [[File:Lincoln Cottage Rear Entrance.jpg|thumb|Lincoln's Cottage (Site of Adeagbo ein 2022–2024, Washington D.C. Exhibition)]] 2023 * "Create to Free Yourselves - Abraham Lincoln and the History of Freeing Slaves in America"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kilborne |first=Rebecca |date=2022-12-14 |title=Acclaimed African Artist Georges Adéagbo will Transform the Cottage with his Installation Art in January |url=https://www.lincolncottage.org/eorges-adeagbo-to-transform-the-cottage-into-a-work-of-global-art/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=President Lincoln's Cottage {{!}} A Home for Brave Ideas |language=en-US}}</ref> 2024 * "Ein neues Werk für die Hamburger Kunsthalle" (wich dey translate like "A new Work for the Hamburger Kunsthalle") == Bibliography == * ''[https://africa.si.edu/2023/01/create-to-free-yourselves-georges-adeagbo/ NEW! Georges Adéagbo: Create to Free Yourselves: Abraham Lincoln and the History of Freeing Slaves in America]''. (n.d.). * Robinson, S. (2023, January 24). [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/abraham-lincolns-cottage-african-artist-george-adeagbo-pays-homage-great-emancipator-180981480/ At Abraham Lincoln's Cottage, Artist Georges Adéagbo Pays Homage to the Great Emancipator]. ''Smithsonian Magazine''. * Goldstein, C. (2020, June 2). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240806073404/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/georges-adeagbo-1873347 Artist Georges Adéagbo's New Exhibition in Berlin Juxtaposes Cultural Artifacts From Around the World to Spark New Ways of Seeing—See It Here]. ''Artnet News''. * ''[https://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/en/exhibitions/georges-adeagbo/ Georges Adéagbo – Moderna Museet i Stockholm]''. (n.d.). Moderna Museet I Stockholm. * Redaktion, S.-. (2021, March 15). ''[https://www.artatberlin.com/en/exhibition-georges-adeagbo-eli-cortinas-kindl-zentrum-zeitgenoessische-kunst-in-berlin-contemporary-art-exhibitions-galleries/ Georges Adéagbo (M2) | Eli Cortiñas (M1) | KINDL – Zentrum |] 28.03.-25.07.2020''. ART at Berlin | Contemporary Art | Ausstellungen | Galerien | Museen | Galerieführer | Kunst | Map. * ''[https://www.chesterwood.org/calendar-2023/2023/6/12/artists-talk-amp-opening-reception Artist's Talk & Opening Reception with Georges Adéagbo — Chesterwood]''. (2023, July 29). Chesterwood. == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Adeagbo, Georges}} [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Beninese people]] [[Category:20th-century Beninese sculptors]] [[Category:21st-century sculptors]] [[Category:Installation artists]] [[Category:People wey komot Cotonou]] [[Category:20th-century Beninese male artists]] [[Category:21st-century Beninese artists]] [[Category:21st-century Beninese male artists]] [[Category:Male sculptors]] [[Category:Beninese emigrants to France]] [[Category:Beninese emigrants to Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Artists wey komot Hamburg]] <references />{{Authority control}} e09ruadhfm0y8cpitx63xg1a2bnntey 0 18675 108134 92540 2026-07-30T09:15:14Z Yousiphh 7150 Photo-updating 108134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dem matter wey dey talk about Armenian genocide reparation come from de Armenian genocide wey happen for 1915 by de Ottoman Empire. Dis reparation fit be money, land, or even territory, wey e fit cover individual anaa group claims, even from Armenia.<ref name="Theriault2">{{Cite web|last=Theriault|first=Henry|date=May 6, 2010|title=The Global Reparations Movement and Meaningful Resolution of the Armenian Genocide|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/05/06/reparations-2/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510063921/http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/05/06/reparations-2/|archivedate=10 May 2010|accessdate=May 11, 2010|publisher=Armenian Weekly}}</ref> Plenty scholars wey sabi international law gree say [[Turkey]] na de next phase of de Ottoman Empire. Plus, de Republic of Turkey dey continue de wrong things wey de [[Ottoman Empire]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Latino|first1=Agostina|title=The Armenian Massacres of 1915–1916 a Hundred Years Later: Open Questions and Tentative Answers in International Law|date=2018|publisher=Springer International Publishing|isbn=978-3-319-78169-3|pages=195–236|language=en|chapter=The Armenian Massacres and the Price of Memory: Impossible to Forget, Forbidden to Remember|quote=That Turkey represents the Ottoman Empire’s successor State is a shared opinion by the greater part of international law scholars: ''ex plurimis'' see Dumberry (2013), according to whom “Turkey has the same legal identity as the Ottoman Empire and [...] accordingly it should be held responsible for all internationally wrongful acts committed by the Empire against the Armenian population before, during and after the War”, ''in specie'' p. 165.}}</ref> do against de Armenians, like collecting dema properties den killing dem.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Avedian |first1=V. |date=2012 |title=State Identity, Continuity, and Responsibility: The Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey and the Armenian Genocide |url=https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/23/3/797/399905 |journal=European Journal of International Law |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=797–820 |doi=10.1093/ejil/chs056 |quote=Even if one were to question the continuity of state identity between the Empire and the Republic, the actions of the insurrectional Nationalist movement, which became the new state, establish a clear link to the predecessor, at least when the internationally wrongful acts pertaining to the massacres, deportations, and confiscations were considered. The Republic not only refrained from halting the CUP era massacres, the persecution of the Christian minorities, and the unlawful confiscation of their assets and properties, but it continued the same internationally wrongful acts, even expanding the massacres beyond its own borders into the Caucasus and the territories of the independent Republic of Armenia. The Republic of Turkey was competent to prosecute the war criminals for crimes committed on its own territory, but refrained from so doing. The new leadership protected individuals accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity and unlawful enrichment, later exonerating them and rewarding them with new positions within the Republic. |doi-access=free}}</ref> Former UN Human Rights Committee Secretary, Professor Alfred de Zayas, wey dey for Geneva School of Diplomacy<ref>''[http://genevadiplomacy.com/prof-alfred-de-zayas/ Geneva School of Diplomacy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604083617/http://genevadiplomacy.com/prof-alfred-de-zayas/|date=June 4, 2010}}''</ref>, talk say secof de crime of genocide dey continue in real life den law, de chance for restitution no go waka away secof time pass.<ref name="Alfred de Zayas2">{{Cite web|last=De Zayas|first=Alfred|authorlink=Alfred-Maurice de Zayas|date=December 2007|title=The Genocide against the Armenians 1915–1923 and the relevance of the 1948 Genocide Convention|url=http://alfreddezayas.com/Law_history/armlegopi.shtml|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504223305/http://www.alfreddezayas.com/Law_history/armlegopi.shtml|archivedate=4 May 2010|accessdate=May 11, 2010|publisher=Alfred de Zayas}}</ref> == History wey dey happen == === Wetyn happen after the Armenian genocide === [[File:Signature du parti turc à Sèvres - le général turc Hali Pacha signe le traité - btv1b9034014d.jpg|thumb|230x230px|The Ottoman man, Mehmed Hâdî Pasha, sign di Treaty of Sèvres.]] Aside de one to one den half million people wey die, Armenians lose all dema money den properties, no compensation anaa reparations for dem.<ref name="Century of Genocide">{{cite book|last1=Totten|first1=Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TtWycwryensC&q=A+Century+of+Genocide:+Critical+Essays+and+Eyewitness+Accounts|title=A Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts|last2=Parsons|first2=William S.|publisher=Routledge|year=2009|isbn=978-0-203-89043-1|location=New York|page=58}}</ref> Businesses den farms vanish, all schools, churches, hospitals, orphanages, monasteries, den graveyards turn Turkey government property.<ref name="Century of Genocide" /> For January 1916, de Ottoman Minister for Commerce and Agriculture drop order make all financial institutions wey dey operate for de empire handover Armenian assets to de government.<ref name="Business Wire">{{Cite web|date=May 6, 2010|title=Armenian Genocide Descendants File Class Action against Deutsche Bank and Dresdner Bank Announces Kabateck Brown Kellner LLP|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_Jan_13/ai_n26726211/|accessdate=May 24, 2010|publisher=Business Wire}}</ref> Dem record say up to 6 million Turkish gold pounds, real estate, cash, bank deposits, den jewelry carry go.<ref name="Business Wire" /> De assets go straight insyd European banks, wey dey include Deutsche den Dresdner banks.<ref name="Business Wire" /> After World War I finish, de genocide survivors try come back to claim dem former homes den assets, but de Turkish National Movement chase dem away.<ref name="Century of Genocide2">{{cite book |last1=Totten |first1=Samuel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TtWycwryensC&q=A+Century+of+Genocide:+Critical+Essays+and+Eyewitness+Accounts |title=A Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts |last2=Parsons |first2=William S. |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-203-89043-1 |location=New York |page=58}}</ref> === Treaty wey dem dey call Sèvres === De punishment for de crime wey dem dey do to de Armenians, plus de obligation to pay back de people wey survive, dem dey plan am for de victorious Allies of World War I, wey dem include am for Peace Treaty of Sèvres wey Ottoman Empire sign too. De treaty no dey only talk say dem go try Turkish officials for war crimes against de Allies, buh sanso for de crimes wey dem do against people for Ottoman Empire wey no be Turkish, especially de Armenians, dem call am crime against humanity.<ref name="Alfred de Zayas2" /> Plus, di so-called "Just Ruling of Woodrow Wilson (di US Prez that time)" wey di Treaty of Sèvres recognize one Armenian state wey be bigger pass di current Republic of Armenia, as dem draw di western borders for di Armenian Highlands and Asia Minor. Though e no ever ratified, plenty people, historians, organizations, or politicians dey share di thoughts of Henry C. Theriault (Ph.D. in philosophy from di University of Massachusetts) wey dey specialize for social and political philosophy; him dey think: ...some of di elements still get di law power and di treaty self no be replaced by di 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. Especially, di borders wey dem fix for di proper Armenian state na wetin treaty carry and na binding arbitral award determine am. Whether di treaty ratified or not, di committee process wey dem use determine di arbitral award na wetin di parties for di treaty agree and, according to international law, wetin dem determine get legal force regardless di fate of di treaty. This one mean say, under international law, di "Wilsonian boundaries" na di proper boundaries of di Armenian state wey suppose dey exist for Asia Minor today.<ref name="Theriault2" /> === Treaties of Alexandropol den Kars === Dem Treaty of Sèvres no fit stand gidigba again after Turkish–Armenian War wey happen for 1920<ref name="Century of Genocide2" />. Dem new Treaty of Alexandropol make Armenia no accept the terms wey dey for Treaty of Sèvres and the promises wey dem talk say go give land from "Western Armenia" to Republic of Armenia, plus dem clear say Treaty of Sèvres no dey valid again<ref name="Chorbajian1994">{{cite book|author=Levon Chorbajian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUlnYdOHJ3wC&pg=PA132|title=The Caucasian Knot: The History & Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh|date=1 January 1994|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-85649-288-1|page=132}}</ref>. Because the Soviet people invade Armenia before dem sign the Treaty of Alexandropol, di Armenian parliament no get chance to ratify am. Then, di Treaty of Kars replace di Treaty of Alexandropol for 1921; di new Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic accept all di terms from di old Treaty of Alexandropol for di new one. Di Treaty of Kars ratify for Yerevan for fall 1922 by di unrecognized Soviet and Turkish governments.<ref name="english2">{{Cite web|title=English translation of the Treaty of Kars|url=http://groong.usc.edu/treaties/kars.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010127101800/http://groong.usc.edu/treaties/kars.html|archive-date=2001-01-27|access-date=2014-02-19}}</ref> After World War II, Stalin try to cancel di Treaty of Kars and take back di lands wey dem give Turkey. Di Soviet claims get plenty backing from di international Armenian diaspora, plus di Armenian Revolutionary Federation<ref>Richard G. Hovannisian ''The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: Foreign dominion to statehood: the fifteenth century to the twentieth century''. Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. p. 417</ref>. Di Armenian leaders try gather British and American support to take eastern Anatolia back from Turkey, but Winston Churchill no gree support di Soviet and Armenian claims. Di United States State Department too support Turkey, say, as dem don talk since 1934, di support for Wilsonian Armenia don expire<ref name="Suny">{{cite book|last=Suny|first=Ronald Grigor|url=https://archive.org/details/lookingtowardara00rona|title=Looking Toward Ararat: Armenia in Modern History|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1993|isbn=9780253207739|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lookingtowardara00rona/page/169 169], 175–76|authorlink=Ronald Grigor Suny|url-access=registration}}</ref>. Di Soviet Union drop dem claims against Turkey after Stalin die for 1953.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ro'i|first=Yaacov|title=From Encroachment to Involvement: A Documentary Study of Soviet Policy in the Middle East, 1945–1973|publisher=Transaction Publisher|year=1974|pages=106–07}}</ref> == Reparations Matter Dem == According to Eduard Nalbandyan, wey be di former Foreign Minister of Armenia, Armenia no ever talk say dem wan take land since dem gain independence. E still talk say, Armenians fit find legal way to take back dia properties, whether Turkey go gree say di Armenian genocide happen or not<ref name="EAFJD">{{cite web|date=2010-06-15|title=Le ministre arménien Edouard Nalbandian explicite la position de l'Arménie.|url=http://eafjd.eu/spip.php?breve2519|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720160218/http://eafjd.eu/spip.php?breve2519|archivedate=2011-07-20|accessdate=2010-06-14|language=fr}}</ref>. But plenty reparations proposals dey. Rouben Paul Adalian, wey be di Director of di Armenian National Institute for Washington, talk say, even though Turkey no don grant reparations before, di way international community dey dey recognize di Armenian genocide fit make Turkey recognize am too, and dat go help start di reparations process.<ref name="Century of Genocide" /> Plenty Armenians dey demand make dem restore di Turkish-Armenian border like wetin di former US President Woodrow Wilson talk for di 1920 Treaty of Sèvres, plus serious cash reparations.<ref name="SDPA">{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions - Land Reparations for the Turkish Genocide of Armenians|url=http://www.sdpa.org/faq.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704192214/http://sdpa.org/faq.html|archive-date=2011-07-04|accessdate=2010-05-24}}</ref> Some dey ask for land corridor between Armenia and di Black Sea make di Armenian state fit survive long time, while others just want make dem include Mount Ararat for Armenia and make Turkey apologize properly.<ref name="SDPA2">{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions - Land Reparations for the Turkish Genocide of Armenians|url=http://www.sdpa.org/faq.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704192214/http://sdpa.org/faq.html|archive-date=2011-07-04|accessdate=2010-05-24}}</ref> Ümit Kardaş, wey be retired Turkish military judge, propose make dem open di Turkish-Armenian border without conditions, plus invite all di Armenians wey dey outside make dem go settle for dia ancestral land for Turkey.<ref name="SDPA3">{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions - Land Reparations for the Turkish Genocide of Armenians|url=http://www.sdpa.org/faq.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704192214/http://sdpa.org/faq.html|archive-date=2011-07-04|accessdate=2010-05-24}}</ref> As per wetin di Armenian Genocide Reparations Study Group (AGRSG) yan, dem suppose fit pay compensation based on di detailed plan we dem make for di 1919 Paris Peace Conference, plus some extra calculation for wahala we dem no fit cover well, wey affect di Armenians<ref name="Theriault2" />. Di report talk about plenty ways wey dem fit return land, from small return of church and cultural properties for Turkey to full return of di lands wey di Treaty of Sèvres talk about. Dem even get one new idea wey go make Turkey keep di political control of di lands but demilitarize am, plus make room for Armenians to join di current people wey dey live there, plus dem go get full protection, business, and residency rights.<ref name="Theriault2" /> == Di wahala of “holding responsible” == === Di matter of personal responsibility den “punishment” === E don dey clear say law principle no go allow dem bring case against living people only. So, di criminal action wey dem fit take no dey possible now because di people wey do di crime don already die. For dis matter, di chance wey International Criminal Court (ICC) fit get to join matter no dey, not because dem no fit but because of dia own rules wey no dey allow dem to act retroactively.<ref name="SDPA3" /> Dis kind matter don happen before. Dem fit guilty for Turkish Courts-Martial wey happen for 1919–1920 for War Crimes and Crime against humanity, but dem help di main bad guys run comot and dem stop di whole case because no proper law fit hold dem for dat time. From di Malta people wey dem carry go by di Allied forces wey Britain lead, wey plenty pass 140 people after World War I, plenty suspected criminals no even go court. For 1921, some of dem come back as part of exchange for British POW. Right after dat, most of di detainees get free as Britain and di new Ankara government of Atatürk dey talk. Di trials come stop when di Turkish National Movement show face, and later di new Kemalist government gree pardon dem wey dey serve sentence for 1923. === Di issue of “punishment” of di responsible state === But for di modern International Law, dem don accept say states fit dey criminally responsible. Na so Article 19 for di first draft of articles on state responsibility wey International Law Commission (ILC) adopt don include genocide as part of di international crimes. Dis kind talk fit lead to international “punishment” for di state wey commit genocide acts. E fit happen for Turkey if dem hold dem responsible for di Armenian genocide<ref name="SDPA3" />. But even with dis draft, di mechanisms, di level of responsibility and other things dey still clear, which explain why dem delete di word “crime” from ILC draft and dey just talk about some unclear “serious breach of an obligation wey dey under general international law.”<ref name="SDPA3" /> Some people dey talk say no proper way dey to hold Turkey for the wahala wey dem cause for Armenia people through genocide. Professor Richard Hovannisian talk say dis kind matter fit happen if both parties agree, but right now, no agreement or treaty dey wey go fit connect Armenia and Turkey. Dem no even get optional clauses for compulsory jurisdiction wey go meet International Court of Justice (ICJ). So, no court dey wey fit take Turkey without dem own consent, except European Court for Human Rights (ECHR). ECHR be international court, but no dey settle state matter. Ehh, dem dey handle personal claims against states on European human rights issues, no fit help with reparations matter. Turkey dey propose to form international committee of historians to research and decide wetin happen for 1915.<ref name="SDPA3" /> == How we go handle the reparations == === Grounds for international law === De United Nations Basic Principles and Guidelines wey dey talk about Right to Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law talk say: Reparation fit be claim by individual and if e dey ok, as group too, by di direct victims of human rights violation and humanitarian law, di immediate family, dependants or people wey dey closely related to di victims.<ref name="UNHCR">{{Cite web|authorlink=COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS|title=Question of the Human Rights of All Persons Subjected to Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/b3111e1e8f4a9278c125660f004e5fcf?Opendocument|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523165111/http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/b3111e1e8f4a9278c125660f004e5fcf?Opendocument|archivedate=2013-05-23}}</ref> Even though current Turkish people no fit blame demself morally for wetin happen to Armenians, di present-day Turkish Republic, wey be di successor to di Ottoman Empire and wey dey benefit from di wealth and land wey dem take via di genocide, na dem get di responsibility for reparations<ref name="Theriault2" />. Professor de Zayas talk say: Di lands, buildings, bank accounts and other property of Armenian communities for Turkey dem don dey take am without any proper way. If we no go fit return dem property for dis mass theft, wey follow di serious crime of genocide, wetin happen? Pr. de Zayas still talk say di return of confiscated Armenian property dey remain as state responsibility because of Turkey's current human rights duty under international law, especially di international human rights law.<ref name="Alfred de Zayas2" /> Principles 9 and 12 dey very important wey talk say civil claims wey relate to reparations for serious human rights violations no go dey subject to limitation laws (article 9), and say restitution go dey provided to bring back di condition wey dey before di human rights or humanitarian law violations happen. Di restitution need, among others - return to your original home and restore your property.<ref name="UNHCR" /><ref>Commission on Human Rights, fifty-third session, Doc. E/CN.4/1997/104. Compare with the first report by Professor Theo van Boven C/CH.4/Sub.2/1993/8 of 2 July 1993, section IX, and the second report C/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/7 of 24 May 1996</ref> For reparations wey dey happen because of serious human rights violation, two important principles dey relevant: one na say bad thing no suppose give you right (ex injuria non oritur jus), meaning say no country suppose chop from wetin dem do wrong, plus another one wey be 'unjust enrichment'. E mean say person wey do crime no fit keep wetin e gain from am..<ref>J.W. Wade, “Acquisition of Property by willfully killing another – A Statutory Solution “ (1936), 49 Harvard Law Review, pp. 715</ref><ref>W.M. McGovern, “Homicide and Succession to Property” (1969) 68 Michigan Law Review, p. 65</ref> === Current Legal mechanisms === Even though e don get plenty experience on how to handle these wahala matter, e still clear say the legal setup no really fit resolve these kind issue unless dem all gree together. No be lie say Turkey go jump any discussion wey go concern dem responsibility to the victims<ref name="Ugly">''[https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2007/10/18/an-ugly-truth.html An Ugly Truth]'', ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''; Oct 29, 2007</ref>. Plus, e good make we remind say at that time when genocide happen, Armenia no dey as independent state and the victims mostly na dem wey dey under Ottoman Empire own.<ref name="SDPA3" /> == Armenian groups dey demand compensation == === Armenian Apostolic Church === Di Armenian Catholicosate of di Great House of Cilicia dey for Sis city (wey be Kozan, Adana for Turkey) since 1295. For 1921, di Ottoman government give just two days make Catholicos Sahak II Khabayan and di Armenian pastors comot di area. After some wahala, for 1930 di Catholicosate shift go Antelias, Lebanon wey e dey operate till today<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khatchatourian|first=Ara|date=May 6, 2015|title=Karekin II Calls Sis Catholicosate Lawsuit a 'Positive' Step|url=http://asbarez.com/blog/archives/135816|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509230141/http://asbarez.com/blog/archives/135816|archivedate=May 9, 2015|accessdate=2015-05-18|website=Asbarez}}</ref>. For April 28, 2015, di Armenian Church leaders start legal fight for Turkey's Constitutional Court to take back di historical place of di Church, wey include di Catholicosate, di monastery and cathedral of St. Sophia<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cilician See files lawsuit to reclaim Sis Catholicosate from Turkey on April 28|url=http://armeniangenocide100.org/en/holy-see-of-cilicia-applies-to-turkish-cc-on-sis-catholicosates-request-2/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119041610/http://armeniangenocide100.org/en/holy-see-of-cilicia-applies-to-turkish-cc-on-sis-catholicosates-request-2/|archive-date=2015-11-19|accessdate=2015-05-18|website=Armenian Genocide Centennial}}</ref>. If dem lawsuit no gree, dem go appeal for di European Court of Human Rights<ref>{{Cite news|title=Armenian Groups Are Increasingly Focused on Reparations for Genocide|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/world/europe/turkey-fear-of-reparations-possibly-in-many-billions-is-a-factor-in-armenian-genocide-denials.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2015-04-23|access-date=2015-05-18|issn=0362-4331|first=Rick|last=Gladstone}}</ref>. Di Catholicos of All Armenians, Karekin II don show im support and talk say di Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin for Armenia fit do dia own moves too.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 12, 2015|title=Karekin II Says Etchmiadzin May File Lawsuits for Return of Churches|url=http://asbarez.com/blog/archives/135992|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515040542/http://asbarez.com/blog/archives/135992|archivedate=May 15, 2015|accessdate=2015-05-18|website=Asbarez}}</ref> === Armenian political parties === Di Armenian Revolutionary Federation na party wey dem set up for 1890 inside Tiflis, Georgia. Di ARF get plenty members pass any other political party wey dey inside di Armenian diaspora, and dem dey active for di politics of Republic of Armenia, get representatives for Parliament and dem dey part of di ruling coalition too<ref name="AZG Armenian Daily">{{cite web|title=U.S. Embassy releases study on Armenian-Americans|url=http://www.azg.am/?lang=EN&num=2006122302|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011104034/http://www.azg.am/?lang=EN&num=2006122302|archivedate=2007-10-11|accessdate=2006-12-27}}</ref>. Di party dey push for di recognition of di Armenian genocide, and dem dey talk say make dem pay compensation. Dem get one program wey dem call "General Theory" wey dem don adjust to current socialism, democracy, and self-determination ways<ref name="ARF History (2)">{{cite web|title=ARF history|url=http://www.arf.am/English/history/002history.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106151318/http://www.arf.am/English/history/002history.htm|archivedate=2006-01-06|accessdate=2006-01-29}}</ref>. Di goals wey dem get na to make di world condemn di genocide wey Ottoman Empire do to di Armenians, get back di lands wey dem occupy based on di Sèvres Treaty, and make sure di Armenian nation get correct compensation.<ref name="ARF Shant Student Association">{{cite web|title=Goals of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation|url=http://www.arfshant.org/index.aspx?PAGEACTION=Home|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202125337/http://www.arfshant.org/index.aspx?PAGEACTION=Home|archivedate=2 February 2007|accessdate=2006-12-29}}</ref> * Di Social-Democrat Hunchakian Party, another political group wey plenty people dey support inside di Armenian diaspora, dey also back for di global recognition of di Armenian Genocide and di necessary compensation based on land rights. Dem dey support di right of di Armenian people to go back to dia historical homeland and dia right to self-determination.<ref>{{cite web|title=Social Democrat Hunchakian Party|url=http://www.hunchak.org.au/aboutus/intro.html|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606050901/http://www.hunchak.org.au/aboutus/intro.html|archivedate=6 June 2010|accessdate=2010-05-17}}</ref> * Di Armenian Democratic Liberal Party, another traditional Armenian political group, dey support global recognition and also make Turkey pay for di goods and assets wey dem take from di Armenians.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Democratic Liberal Party - Ramgavar Azadagan - The Genocide|url=http://adl.hayway.org/default_zone/gb/html/page-219.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726143831/http://adl.hayway.org/default_zone/gb/html/page-219.html|archive-date=2011-07-26|accessdate=2010-05-18}}</ref> === Old paramilitary groups wey no dey exist again === The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) na Marxist-Leninist militant group wey dey operate from 1975 to 1986<ref>{{cite web|title=1982. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History|url=http://www.bartleby.com/67/2679.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624045606/http://www.bartleby.com/67/2679.html|archivedate=2008-06-24|accessdate=2010-05-19}}</ref><ref>Roy, Olivier. ''Turkey Today: A European Nation?'' p. 170.</ref>. Dem say dem want make Turkish government accept say dem dey responsible for deaths of 1.5 million Armenians for 1915, pay reparations, and give land for Armenian homeland<ref>{{cite book|author=U.S. Department of State|title=[[s:Patterns of Global Terrorism Report/1996|Patterns of Global Terrorism Report - 1996]]|chapter=Appendix B}}</ref>. Dem land wey dem go give go be di area wey Woodrow Wilson promise to dem for di Treaty of Sèvres in 1920, wey dem never ratify, called 'Wilsonian Armenia'.<ref name="autogenerated12">Pitman, Paul M. ''Turkey: A Country Study''. Washington D.C.: The Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, 283, 354-355</ref> Di Justice Commandos Against Armenian Genocide (JCAG) be another paramilitary group wey dey operate for plenty Western countries from 1975 to 1983. Dem dey push for Turkey to recognize di Armenian genocide and to create independent Armenia. To reach dem goal, dem dey carry out campaign wey dey kill Turkish diplomats everywhere for di world.<ref>Starving Armenians: America and the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1930 and After – p. 166 by Merrill D. Peterson</ref>JCAG dey focus for Europe and North America, dem wan collect Turkish pipo interest.<ref>Geopolitical and Economic Changes in the Balkan Countries - Page 75 by Nicholas V. Gianaris</ref> Di Armenian Revolutionary Army (ARA) na more old Armenian guerrilla group wey get di same aim. Dem talk say ARA wey start operate for 1983 na just JCAG wey don change name.<ref>[http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=265 TKB Group profile - JCAG] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922002359/http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=265|date=September 22, 2009}}</ref> === Oda organizations dem === * Di Armenian National Committee for South America (CNA) talk say, "Turkey gatz return dem territories wey belong to Armenia, as di terms wey di US President Woodrow Wilson talk". Dis one dey show say e no follow di Treaties of Alexandropol and Kars wey Armenia and Turkey don sign wey confirm di borders wey dey between dem.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://asbarez.com/117561/armenian-genocide-reparations-discussed-at-the-world-forum-on-human-rights/|title=Armenian Genocide Reparations Discussed at the World Forum on Human Rights|date=18 December 2013|accessdate=18 February 2014|publisher=[[Asbarez]]}}</ref> * Collectif 2015; for France, one group wey be descendants of di survivors wey go through di Armenian genocide don prepare petition wey dem address to di Turkish State. Di work dey published for www.collectif2015.org website. == Recent things dey happen == === Lawsuits === === Against money institutions === California lawyer dem, Brian S. Kabateck wey dey work with Kabateck LLP, Vartkes Yeghiayan, Mark J. Geragos, and William Shernoff don file lawsuit go against American and European money institutions, make dem fit recover Armenian properties and insurance money. For July 2004, when California Legislature pass the Armenian Genocide Insurance Act, descendants of Armenian genocide victims settle case for about 2400 life insurance policies from New York Life wey dem write on Armenians wey dey live for Ottoman Empire.<ref name="Reparations">{{cite book|last=Brophy|first=Alfred L.|title=Reparations: Pro & Con|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-19-530408-X|location=New York|pages=119–120}}</ref> Some of the policies don dey since 1875, but dem no pay after the Genocide. Around 1916-1918, Turkish government try recover from the people wey dem don kill, say dem no get heirs for the policy holders, but e no work<ref name="Reparations" /><ref>[http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/comment/morgenthau/Morgen25.htm Morgenthau, Henry. Ambassador Morgenthau's Story, Chapter XXV]</ref>. The settlement give dem 20 million dollars, of which 11 million na for heirs of the genocide victims.<ref name="Reparations" /> For 2005, French insurance company AXA also dey hear say dem no dey pay money to the descendants of those wey die during the Armenian genocide. After dem do class-action lawsuit, dem agree pay 17 million dollars to descendants and Armenian philanthropic groups<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 13, 2005|title=Axa Insurance Company will pay $17 Million to Heirs of Armenian Genocide Victims|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/world/news/14994/|accessdate=May 17, 2010|publisher=Panarmenian.net}}</ref>. For March 2010, the company provide life insurance premiums to 1,000 families of descendants of Armenians wey die for 1915.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 10, 2010|title=French Insurance Compensates Descendents of Armenian Genocide Victims|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/news/articles/eav031110a.shtml?quicktabs_1=0&quicktabs_11=0|accessdate=May 17, 2010|publisher=EurasiaNet.org}}</ref> For 2006, descendants of Armenian genocide file class action lawsuit against Deutsche Bank and Dresdner Bank wey dey seek recover millions of dollars and property wey two German banks hold after the genocide<ref name="Business Wire" />. The lawsuit talk say the banks benefit from the 1915 wahala to hide and stop recovery of assets wey belong to Armenian families.<ref name="Business Wire" /> The banks' cooperation don dey limited.<ref name="Business Wire" /> === Against Getty museum === For June 1, 2010, Western Prelacy of Armenian Apostolic Church for America don sue J. Paul Getty Museum make dem give back seven pages wey dem tear from sacred Armenian Bible wey dey back to 1256, plus 35 million dollars as damages<ref>{{cite web|date=June 2, 2010|title=Church Sues Getty Over Pages of 1256 Bible|url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2010/06/02/27734.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605025343/http://www.courthousenews.com/2010/06/02/27734.htm|archivedate=5 June 2010|accessdate=June 4, 2010|publisher=Courthouse News Service}}</ref>. Dem talk say, these seven pages na from Zeyt'un Gospels of Armenian Church during genocide<ref>{{cite web|date=June 3, 2010|title=Armenian church sues Getty over ancient Bible pages|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/06/armenian-church-sues-getty-over-ancient-bible-pages.html|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605063910/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/06/armenian-church-sues-getty-over-ancient-bible-pages.html|archivedate=5 June 2010|accessdate=June 3, 2010|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>. The Zeyt'un Gospels na Toros Roslin draw am, and the rest of the holy book dey for Matenadaran for Yerevan, Armenia<ref name="Getty">{{cite web|date=June 3, 2010|title=Armenian church sues Getty museum over Bible pages|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gxKE45VG-tbIs83GWG5CxEDqdQ4AD9G427R00|accessdate=June 3, 2010|publisher=The Associated Press}}</ref>. Getty talk say, dem buy the pages legally for 1994 from one private collector after e don check the history well well<ref name="Getty" />. Michael Bazyler, wey be law professor for Chapman University and part of the plaintiff team, talk say dis one na the first case wey dem file for United States to get back cultural or religious things wey dem carry go during World War I.<ref name="Getty" /> === Against Turkish government and two banks === For July 29, 2010, Armenian-American lawyers don file federal lawsuit against Turkish government, Central Bank of Republic of Turkey and Ziraat Bankası, dey seek compensation for descendants of Armenians wey dem say government don seize dem property during Armenian genocide. The plaintiffs be Garbis Davouyan from Los Angeles and Hrayr Turabian from Queens. The case - the first wey dey target Turkish government - dey claim say dem break trust law, take advantage, violate human rights and international law<ref name="Armenian-Americans sue for century-old losses">{{cite web|date=July 29, 2010|title=Armenian-Americans sue for century-old losses|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iI6L_HizV9ETr5l-35FiwgzGHz5wD9H92HQ00|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802205519/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iI6L_HizV9ETr5l-35FiwgzGHz5wD9H92HQ00|archive-date=2 August 2010|access-date=July 29, 2010|publisher=Associated Press}}</ref>. Dem wan compensate for land, buildings, businesses wey dem seize from Armenians plus bank deposits, including valuable religious and other artifacts wey some dey inside museums for Turkey. Di court matter dey talk say over one million Armenians die for forced waka, concentration camps and massacre wey Turkish officials and soldiers arrange, help and cover. Di lawyers wey represent di plaintiffs believe say records of di properties and profits still dey, and dem dey look for money wey fit reach billions of dollars. Di case bin reject and dismiss for 2013.<ref name="Armenian-Americans sue for century-old losses2">{{cite web|date=July 29, 2010|title=Armenian-Americans sue for century-old losses|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iI6L_HizV9ETr5l-35FiwgzGHz5wD9H92HQ00|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802205519/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iI6L_HizV9ETr5l-35FiwgzGHz5wD9H92HQ00|archive-date=2 August 2010|access-date=July 29, 2010|publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> === Ankara Conference === From April 24, 2010, dem hold two-day conference wey dem call "The Armenian Issue: Wetin we go do and how?" for Ankara, wey Ankara Freedom of Thought Initiative organize am, and security dey tight for there<ref name="Eurasia Review">{{Cite web|last=Matossian|first=Lou Ann|date=May 1, 2010|title=In Turkey 'People Are Rebelling' Against Armenia Genocide Denial|url=http://www.eurasiareview.com/2010/05/in-turkey-people-are-rebelling-against.html|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504030041/http://www.eurasiareview.com/2010/05/in-turkey-people-are-rebelling-against.html|archivedate=4 May 2010|accessdate=May 13, 2010|publisher=Eurasia Review}}</ref><ref name="Ankara Conference2">{{Cite web|last=Mouradian|first=Khatchig|date=April 28, 2010|title=Ankara Conference Looks Beyond Genocide, Debates Reparations|url=http://asbarez.com/79973/ankara-conference-looks-beyond-genocide-debates-reparations/|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501160134/http://www.asbarez.com/79973/ankara-conference-looks-beyond-genocide-debates-reparations/|archivedate=1 May 2010|accessdate=May 13, 2010|publisher=Asbarez}}</ref>. Na first time for Turkey wey dem go discuss things like confiscated Armenian property, reparations, and how to face di past and move forward.<ref name="Ankara Conference2" /> 200 people dey attend di conference, mostly people wey dey support genocide recognition<ref name="Ankara Conference2" />. Some big brains wey dey there be Turkish and Western intellectuals like Sevan Nişanyan wey dey run Agos newspaper for Istanbul, Welsh writer-activist Eilan Williams, philosopher Henry Theriault from Worcester State University, and author Temel Demirer.<ref name="Eurasia Review" /> As di conference go dey hot, na reparations for Armenian genocide dem dey argue. Di last three support am but Nişanyan no agree.<ref name="Eurasia Review" /><ref name="Ankara Conference2" /> === Bill for di Armenian parliament === On April 26, 2010, ARF bring bill wey dey criminalize di denial of di Armenian genocide to di Armenian National Assembly, plus talk about reparations. Di key parliamentary forces support di bill well well. Larisa Alaversyan from di opposition Heritage Party talk say if dem pass di bill e go give chance for Armenia make dem carry di matter go international court. Di head of Prosperous Armenia faction, Aram Safaryan, plus Hovhannes Margaryan from di Rule of Law faction also dey support di movement.<ref>{{cite web|title=ARF Submits Bill to Parliament on Genocide Reparations|url=http://asbarez.com/79833/arf-submits-bill-to-parliament-on-genocide-reparations/|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429171437/http://www.asbarez.com/79833/arf-submits-bill-to-parliament-on-genocide-reparations/|archivedate=29 April 2010|accessdate=2010-05-17}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:20th century insyd Armenia]] [[Category:21st century insyd Armenia]] [[Category:History of de Republic of Turkey]] [[Category:Aftermath of de Armenian genocide]] [[Category:Reparations]] 2tzwqmprf07pmeajq835pazw1l2w0sf 0 26979 108132 98388 2026-07-30T00:11:52Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 108132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fever''' anaa '''pyrexia''' insyd humans be a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism wey dey appear plus body temperature wey dey exceed de normal range wey an increase insyd de body ein temperature set point insyd de hypothalamus cause.<ref name=Kl2015>{{cite book|last=Kluger|first=Matthew J. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Fever: Its Biology, Evolution, and Function|date=2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-6983-1|page=57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gIF9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57}}</ref><ref name=Gar2012p375>{{cite book|veditors = Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV|title=An introduction to clinical emergency medicine|chapter=Fever in adults|date=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-74776-9|page=375|edition=2nd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyAlcOfBhjIC&q=An%20Introduction%20to%20Clinical%20Emergency%20Medicine&pg=PA375}}</ref><ref name=Harrisons20th>{{cite book | author = Dinarello CA, Porat R | date = 2018 | chapter = Chapter 15: Fever | title = Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine | edition = 20th | volume = 1–2 |veditors= Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo, J |location=New York | publisher=McGraw-Hill | isbn=978-1-259-64403-0 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XGQntQEACAAJ&q=9781259644030 | access-date = 31 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Franjić |first=Siniša |date=2019-03-31 |title=Fever Can Be A Symptom of Many Diseases |journal=Journal of Medicine and HealthCare |pages=1–3 |doi=10.47363/jmhc/2021(3)146|s2cid=243837498 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Der be no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values wey dey range between 37.2 den 38.3 °C (99.0 den 100.9 °F) insyd humans.<ref name=Harrisons20th/><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Axelrod |first=Yekaterina K. |last2=Diringer |first2=Michael N. |date=May 2008 |title=Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18514828 |journal=Neurologic Clinics |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=585–603, xi |doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005 |issn=0733-8619 |pmid=18514828}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laupland |first=Kevin B. |date=July 2009 |title=Fever in the critically ill medical patient |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19535958 |journal=Critical Care Medicine |volume=37 |issue=7 Suppl |pages=S273–278 |doi=10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aa6117 |issn=1530-0293 |pmid=19535958}}</ref> De increase insyd set-point dey trigger increased muscle contractions den dey cause a feeling of cold anaa chills.<ref name="Peds20112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sullivan JE, Farrar HC |date=March 2011 |title=Fever and antipyretic use in children |journal=Pediatrics |volume=127 |issue=3 |pages=580–587 |doi=10.1542/peds.2010-3852 |pmid=21357332 |doi-access=free |article-number=e20103852}}</ref> Dis dey result in greater heat production den efforts to conserve heat.<ref name="Sue2014" /> Wen de set-point temperature return to normal, a person dey feel hot, cam be flushed, wey fi begin to sweat.<ref name="Sue2014">{{cite book|author1=Huether, Sue E. |title=Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-29375-4|page=498|edition=7th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9XsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA498}}</ref> Rarely a fever fi trigger a febrile seizure, wey dis be more common insyd young kiddies.<ref name="CDC2010">{{cite web| author = CDC Staff | date = 31 March 2020 | title=Taking Care of Someone Who is Sick: Caring for Someone Sick at Home|url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/homecare/treatfever.htm|access-date=8 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324084355/http://www.cdc.gov/flu/homecare/treatfever.htm |archive-date=24 March 2015 }}</ref> Fevers no dey typically go higher dan {{convert|41|to|42|C|F|0}}.<ref name="Gar2012p375" /> A fever fi be caused by chaw medical conditions wey dey range from non-serious to life-threatening.<ref name=Gar2012p5/> Dis dey include viral, bacterial, den parasitic infections—such as [[influenza]], de [[common cold]], [[meningitis]], urinary tract infections, appendicitis, Lassa fever, [[COVID-19]], den [[malaria]].<ref name="Gar2012p5" /><ref name="Rod2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo E, Villamizar-Peña R, Holguin-Rivera Y, Escalera-Antezana JP, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Franco-Paredes C | title = Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease | volume = 34| article-number = 101623| date = 13 March 2020 | pmid = 32179124| doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623 | pmc = 7102608 }}</ref> Non-infectious causes dey include [[vasculitis]], deep vein thrombosis, connective tissue disease, side effects of medication anaa vaccination, den [[cancer]].<ref name=Gar2012p5>{{cite book|veditors = Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV|title=An introduction to clinical emergency medicine|date=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-74776-9|page=5|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dayal R, Agarwal D | s2cid = 34481402 | title = Fever in Children and Fever of Unknown Origin | journal = Indian Journal of Pediatrics | volume = 83 | issue = 1 | pages = 38–43 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 25724501 | doi = 10.1007/s12098-015-1724-4 }}</ref> E dey differ from hyperthermia, insyd dat hyperthermia be an increase in body temperature over de temperature set point, secof either too much heat production anaa not enough heat loss.<ref name=":0" /> Treatment to reduce fever generally no be required.<ref name="Peds20112" /><ref name=Ric2015/> Treatment of associated pain den inflammation, however, fi be useful den help a person rest.<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Richardson M, Purssell E | s2cid = 206857750 | title = Who's afraid of fever? | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood | volume = 100 | issue = 9 | pages = 818–820 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 25977564 | doi = 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307483 }}</ref> Medications such as [[ibuprofen]] anaa [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) fi help plus dis as well as lower temperature.<ref name=Ric2015/><ref name=Gar2012>{{cite book|veditors = Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV|title=An introduction to clinical emergency medicine|date=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-74776-9|page=401|edition=2nd}}</ref> Kiddies younger dan three months dey require medical attention, as people plus serious medical problems such as a compromised immune system anaa people plus oda symptoms.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003090.htm|title = Fever|date = 30 August 2014|website = MedlinePlus|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090511181606/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm|archive-date = 11 May 2009}}</ref> Hyperthermia dey require treatment.<ref name="Peds20112" /> Fever be one of de most common medical signs.<ref name=Peds2011/> E be part of about 30% of healthcare visits by kiddies<ref name=Peds2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sullivan JE, Farrar HC | title = Fever and antipyretic use in children | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 127 | issue = 3 | pages = 580–587 | date = March 2011 | article-number = e20103852 | pmid = 21357332 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2010-3852 | doi-access = free }}</ref> den dey occur insyd up to 75% of adults wey be seriously sick.<ref name=Ki2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI | title = Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review | journal = Australian Critical Care | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 130–135 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23199670 | doi = 10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004 }}</ref> While fever evolve as a defense mechanism, treating a fever no dey appear to improve anaa worsen outcomes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=Sch2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schaffner A | title = Fieber – nützliches oder schädliches, zu behandelndes Symptom? | trans-title = Fever–useful or noxious symptom that should be treated? | journal = Therapeutische Umschau | volume = 63 | issue = 3 | pages = 185–188 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16613288 | doi = 10.1024/0040-5930.63.3.185 | language = de }} Abstract alone is in German and in English.</ref><ref name="Antipyretic therapy in febrile crit">{{cite journal | vauthors = Niven DJ, Stelfox HT, Laupland KB | title = Antipyretic therapy in febrile critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Journal of Critical Care | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 303–310 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23159136 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.09.009 }}</ref> Fever often be viewed plus greater concern by parents den healthcare professionals dan usually be deserved, a phenomenon dem know as "fever phobia".<ref name=Peds2011/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Crocetti M, Moghbeli N, Serwint J | title = Fever Phobia Revisited: Have Parental Misconceptions About Fever Changed in 20 Years? | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 107 | issue = 6 | pages = 1241–1246 | date = June 2001 | pmid = 11389237| doi = 10.1542/peds.107.6.1241 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body/fever.html Fever and Taking Your Child's Temperature] * [https://www.medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003090.htm US National Institute of Health factsheet] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120309114919/http://www.drugcite.com/indi/?i=PYREXIA Drugs most commonly associated with the adverse event Pyrexia (Fever) as reported the FDA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309114919/http://www.drugcite.com/indi/?i=PYREXIA |date=9 March 2012 }} * [https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html Fever] at MedlinePlus * [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/11/well/live/fever-benefits.html Why are We So Afraid of Fevers?] at ''The New York Times'' {{Authority control}} [[Category:Fever| ]] [[Category:Symptoms den signs]] [[Category:Thermoregulation]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] i2r5x98b8zj69nhf5grdk4n4rwh9gh9 0 28943 108117 107961 2026-07-29T22:08:12Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 108117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dermatophytosis''', dem sanso know as '''tinea''' den '''ringworm''', be a fungal infection of de skin<ref name=CDC2015Def>{{cite web|title=Definition of Ringworm|url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/definition.html|website=CDC|access-date=5 September 2016|date=December 6, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905114011/http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/definition.html|archive-date=5 September 2016}}</ref> (a dermatomycosis), wey fi affect skin, hair, den nails.<ref name=CDC2015Sym/> Typically e dey result in a red, itchy, scaly, circular rash.<ref name=CDC2015Sym/> Hair loss fi occur insyd de area affected.<ref name=CDC2015Sym/> Symptoms dey begin four to fourteen days after exposure.<ref name=CDC2015Sym>{{cite web|title=Symptoms of Ringworm Infections|url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/symptoms.html|website=CDC|access-date=5 September 2016|date=December 6, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120042431/http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/symptoms.html|archive-date=20 January 2016}}</ref> De [[#Types|types of dermatophytoses]] typically be named for de area of de body wey dem affect.<ref name=CDC2015Def/> Multiple areas fi be affected at a given time.<ref name="Dom20132">{{cite book |last1=Domino |first1=Frank J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2C2MAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1226 |title=The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2014 |last2=Baldor |first2=Robert A. |last3=Golding |first3=Jeremy |date=2013 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=9781451188509 |page=1226 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915020200/https://books.google.com/books?id=2C2MAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1226 |archive-date=2016-09-15 |url-status=live}}</ref> About 40 types of fungus fi cause dermatophytosis.<ref name=CDC2015Def/> Dem e typically be of de ''Trichophyton'', ''Microsporum'', anaa ''Epidermophyton'' type.<ref name=CDC2015Def/> Risk factors dey include using public showers, contact sports such as wrestling, excessive sweating, contact plus animals, [[obesity]], den poor immune function.<ref name="Dom20132" /><ref name=CDC2015Risk/> Ringworm fi spread from oda animals anaa between people.<ref name=CDC2015Risk>{{cite web|title=Ringworm Risk & Prevention|url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/risk-prevention.html|website=CDC|access-date=5 September 2016|date=December 6, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907031747/http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/risk-prevention.html|archive-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> Diagnosis often be based on de appearance den symptoms.<ref name=CDC2015Diag/> E fi be confirmed by either culturing anaa looking at a skin scraping under a microscope.<ref name=CDC2015Diag>{{cite web|title=Diagnosis of Ringworm|url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/diagnosis.html|website=CDC|access-date=5 September 2016|date=December 6, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808220703/http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/diagnosis.html|archive-date=8 August 2016}}</ref> Prevention be by keeping de skin dry, no dey walk barefoot insyd public, den no dey share personal items.<ref name=CDC2015Risk/> Treatment typically be plus antifungal creams such as clotrimazole anaa miconazole.<ref name=CDC2015Tx/> If de scalp be involved, antifungals by mouth such as fluconazole fi be needed.<ref name=CDC2015Tx>{{cite web|title=Treatment for Ringworm|url=https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/treatment.html|website=CDC|access-date=5 September 2016|date=December 6, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903003922/http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/treatment.html|archive-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> Dermatophytosis spread globally, den up to 20% of de world ein population fi be infected by am at any given time.<ref name=Gh2009>{{cite book|author1=Mahmoud A. Ghannoum|author2=John R. Perfect|title=Antifungal Therapy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kk_vBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA258|date=24 November 2009|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8493-8786-9|page=258|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204835/https://books.google.com/books?id=kk_vBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA258|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Infections of de groin be more common insyd males, while infections of de scalp den body dey occur equally insyd both sexes.<ref name=Dom2013/> Infections of de scalp be most common insyd kiddies while infections of de groin be most common insyd de elderly.<ref name=Dom2013>{{cite book|last1=Domino|first1=Frank J.|last2=Baldor|first2=Robert A.|last3=Golding|first3=Jeremy|title=The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2014|date=2013|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781451188509|page=1226|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2C2MAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1226|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915020200/https://books.google.com/books?id=2C2MAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1226|archive-date=2016-09-15}}</ref> Descriptions of ringworm dey date back to ancient history.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bolognia|first1=Jean L.|last2=Jorizzo|first2=Joseph L.|last3=Schaffer|first3=Julie V.|title=Dermatology|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0702051821|page=1255|edition=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A78BaiEKnzIC&pg=RA1-PA1255|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915014956/https://books.google.com/books?id=A78BaiEKnzIC&pg=RA1-PA1255|archive-date=2016-09-15}}</ref> == Types == [[File:Fox Plate LXXXIX.jpg|thumb|Three of de types of tinea (capitis, corporis, den barbae)]] * Tinea pedis (athlete's foot): fungal infection of de feet * Tinea unguium: fungal infection of de fingernails den toenails, den de nail bed * Tinea corporis: fungal infection of de arms, legs, den trunk * Tinea cruris (jock itch): fungal infection of de groin area * Tinea manuum: fungal infection of de hands den palm area * Tinea capitis: fungal infection of de scalp den hair * Tinea faciei (face fungus): fungal infection of de face * Tinea barbae: fungal infestation of facial hair * Oda superficial mycoses (no be classic ringworm, since no be caused by dermatophytes) ** Tinea versicolor: wey ''Malassezia furfur'' cause ** Tinea nigra: wey ''Hortaea werneckii'' cause == References == <references /> == Read further == * Pietro Nenoff, Constanze Krüger, Gabriele Ginter-Hanselmayer, Hans-Jürgen Tietz (2014). ''Mycology'' – an update. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ddg.12245 Part 1: Dermatomycoses: Causative agents, epidemiology and pathogenesis] * {{cite journal | vauthors = Weitzman I, Summerbell RC | title = The dermatophytes | journal = Clinical Microbiology Reviews | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | pages = 240–259 | date = 1995 | pmid = 7621400 | pmc = 172857 | doi=10.1128/cmr.8.2.240}} == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081015151657/http://www.dermnet.com/moduleSearch.cfm?searchTerm=tinea Tinea photo library at Dermnet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015151657/http://www.dermnet.com/moduleSearch.cfm?searchTerm=tinea |date=2008-10-15 }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Zoonoses]] [[Category:Animal fungal diseases]] [[Category:Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions]] [[Category:Cat diseases]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 6dcevaixju5wxro0eaqm8cf9rga6im8 0 29035 108133 108083 2026-07-30T03:14:21Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 108133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hives''', dem sanso know as '''urticaria''', be a kind of skin rash plus red anaa flesh-colored, raised, itchy bumps.<ref name="NIH2016">{{Cite web |title=Hives |url=https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819090751/https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> Hives fi burn anaa sting.<ref name="Jaf2015" /> De patches of rash fi appear on different body parts,<ref name="Jaf2015" /> plus variable duration from minutes to days, den typically no dey leave any long-lasting skin change.<ref name="Jaf2015" /> Fewer dan 5% of cases last for more dan six weeks (a condition dem know as chronic urticaria).<ref name="Jaf2015" /> De condition frequently dey recur.<ref name="Jaf2015">{{Cite journal |last1=Jafilan |first1=L |last2=James |first2=C |date=December 2015 |title=Urticaria and Allergy-Mediated Conditions. |journal=Primary Care |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=473–83 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.002 |pmid=26612369}}</ref><ref name="Lang 2022">{{Cite journal |last=Lang |first=David M. |date=1 September 2022 |title=Chronic Urticaria |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=387 |issue=9 |pages=824–831 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra2120166 |pmid=36053507 |s2cid=251992431}}</ref> Hives frequently dey occur following an infection anaa as a result of an allergic reaction such as to medication, insect bites, anaa chow.<ref name=Jaf2015/> [[Psychological stress]], cold temperature, anaa vibration sanso fi be a trigger.<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=Jaf2015/> Insyd half of cases de cause remain unknown.<ref name=Jaf2015/> Risk factors dey include having conditions such as hay fever anaa [[asthma]].<ref name="Zub2010">{{Cite book |last1=Zuberbier |first1=Torsten |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzWdXE4VsfsC&pg=PA38 |title=Urticaria and Angioedema |last2=Grattan |first2=Clive |last3=Maurer |first3=Marcus |date=2010 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-540-79048-8 |page=38 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821084717/https://books.google.ca/books?id=kzWdXE4VsfsC&pg=PA38 |archive-date=2016-08-21 |url-status=live}}</ref> Diagnosis typically be based on appearance.<ref name=Jaf2015/> Patch testing fi be useful to determine de allergy.<ref name=Jaf2015/> Prevention be by avoiding watever e be wey dey cause de condition.<ref name=Jaf2015/> Treatment typically be plus antihistamines, plus de second generation antihistamines such as [[fexofenadine]], [[loratadine]] den [[cetirizine]] be preferred secof less risk of sedation den cognitive impairment.<ref name="Lang 2022" /> Insyd refractory (obstinate) cases, corticosteroids anaa leukotriene inhibitors sanso fi be used.<ref name=Jaf2015/> Keeping de environmental temperature cool sanso be useful.<ref name=Jaf2015/> For cases wey last more dan six weeks, long-term antihistamine therapy be indicated. Immunosuppressants such as omalizumab anaa cyclosporin sanso fi be used.<ref name="Lang 2022" /> About 20% of people be affected at sam point insyd dema lives.<ref name=Jaf2015/> Short duration cases dey occur equally insyd males den females, wey dey last a few days den widout leaving any long-lasting skin changes.<ref name=Jaf2015/> Long duration cases be more common insyd females.<ref name=Gri2016/> Short duration cases sanso be more common among kiddies, while long duration cases be more common among those wey be middle-aged.<ref name=Gri2016/> Hives be described since at least de time of Hippocrates.<ref name="Gri2016">{{Cite book |last1=Griffiths |first1=Christopher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyypCwAAQBAJ&pg=SA42-PA3 |title=Rook's Textbook of Dermatology |last2=Barker |first2=Jonathan |last3=Bleiker |first3=Tanya |last4=Chalmers |first4=Robert |last5=Creamer |first5=Daniel |date=2016 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-44117-6 |edition=9 |page=Chapter 42.3 |language=en}}</ref> De term urticaria be from de Latin ''urtica'' wey dey mean "nettle".<ref name="A Dictionary of Entomology">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IcmCeAjp6cC&pg=PA1430 |title=A Dictionary of Entomology |date=2011 |publisher=CABI |isbn=978-1-84593-542-9 |page=1430 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821091615/https://books.google.ca/books?id=9IcmCeAjp6cC&pg=PA1430 |archive-date=2016-08-21 |url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070925113447/http://www.dermnet.com/moduleIndex.cfm?moduleID=19 Urticaria photo library at Dermnet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925113447/http://www.dermnet.com/moduleIndex.cfm?moduleID=19 |date=2007-09-25 }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Skin conditions wey dey result from errors insyd metabolism]] [[Category:Type I hypersensitivity]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] [[Category:Urticaria den angioedema]] 7i8nq8fy1nxr5n6c2bgox8w7p1jhska 0 29037 108090 108086 2026-07-29T16:39:18Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anaphylaxis''' be a serious den potentially fatal allergic reaction wey fi progress rapidly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dribin |first1=Timothy E. |last2=Muraro |first2=Antonella |last3=Camargo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Turner |first4=Paul J. |last5=Wang |first5=Julie |last6=Roberts |first6=Graham |last7=Anagnostou |first7=Aikaterini |last8=Halken |first8=Susanne |last9=Liebermann |first9=Jay |last10=Worm |first10=Margitta |last11=Zuberbier |first11=Torsten |last12=Sampson |first12=Hugh A. |last13=Alvaro-Lozano |first13=Montserrat |last14=Arasi |first14=Stefania |last15=Ben-Shoshan |first15=Moshe |date=2025 |title=Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report—a GA2LEN project |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=406–417.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2025.01.021 |issn=0091-6749 |pmc=12301991 |pmid=39880313}}</ref> E typically dey cause more dan one of de following: an itchy rash, throat wey dey close secof swelling wey fi obstruct anaa stop breathing; severe tongue swelling wey sanso fi interfere plus anaa stop breathing; shortness of breath, [[vomiting]], lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, den medical shock.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis">{{cite web |author1=NHS |title=Overview – Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/ |website=NHS (National Health Service) |publisher=British government |access-date=4 March 2022 |location=United Kingdom |language=English |date=29 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="NIH20152">{{cite web |date=April 23, 2015 |title=Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=4 February 2016 |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases}}</ref> Dese symptoms typically dey start in minutes to hours den then dey increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels.<ref name="NIH20152" /> Urgent medical treatment be required to prevent serious harm den death, even if de patient use an epinephrine autoinjector anaa dem take oda medications in response, den even if symptoms appear dem dey improve.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] absbn5cnusdjw1kxyki0oz1k0pbe3dd 108091 108090 2026-07-29T16:42:10Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anaphylaxis''' be a serious den potentially fatal allergic reaction wey fi progress rapidly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dribin |first1=Timothy E. |last2=Muraro |first2=Antonella |last3=Camargo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Turner |first4=Paul J. |last5=Wang |first5=Julie |last6=Roberts |first6=Graham |last7=Anagnostou |first7=Aikaterini |last8=Halken |first8=Susanne |last9=Liebermann |first9=Jay |last10=Worm |first10=Margitta |last11=Zuberbier |first11=Torsten |last12=Sampson |first12=Hugh A. |last13=Alvaro-Lozano |first13=Montserrat |last14=Arasi |first14=Stefania |last15=Ben-Shoshan |first15=Moshe |date=2025 |title=Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report—a GA2LEN project |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=406–417.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2025.01.021 |issn=0091-6749 |pmc=12301991 |pmid=39880313}}</ref> E typically dey cause more dan one of de following: an itchy rash, throat wey dey close secof swelling wey fi obstruct anaa stop breathing; severe tongue swelling wey sanso fi interfere plus anaa stop breathing; shortness of breath, [[vomiting]], lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, den medical shock.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis">{{cite web |author1=NHS |title=Overview – Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/ |website=NHS (National Health Service) |publisher=British government |access-date=4 March 2022 |location=United Kingdom |language=English |date=29 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="NIH20152">{{cite web |date=April 23, 2015 |title=Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=4 February 2016 |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases}}</ref> Dese symptoms typically dey start in minutes to hours den then dey increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels.<ref name="NIH20152" /> Urgent medical treatment be required to prevent serious harm den death, even if de patient use an epinephrine autoinjector anaa dem take oda medications in response, den even if symptoms appear dem dey improve.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /> Common causes dey include allergies to insect bites den stings, allergies to foods—wey dey include nuts, peanuts, milk, fish, eggs; allergies to medications – wey dey include sam antibiotics den non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); anaa allergies to anaesthetics anaa latex.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Oda causes fi include physical exercise, den cases sanso fi occur insyd sam people secof escalating reactions to simple throat irritation anaa sanso fi occur widout an obvious reason.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Anaphylaxis|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|access-date=4 February 2016|date=April 23, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> De mast cell disease mastocytosis, along plus de mast cell disorder mast cell activation syndrome both be capable of triggering anaphylaxis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gülen |first=Theo |date=2023-10-25 |title=A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis |journal=Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=13 |issue=21 |pages=3307 |doi=10.3390/diagnostics13213307 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4418 |pmc=10647312 |pmid=37958203}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] rf6mo1zc807k7faucrm9ibciy9xy5jb 108092 108091 2026-07-29T16:43:57Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anaphylaxis''' be a serious den potentially fatal allergic reaction wey fi progress rapidly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dribin |first1=Timothy E. |last2=Muraro |first2=Antonella |last3=Camargo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Turner |first4=Paul J. |last5=Wang |first5=Julie |last6=Roberts |first6=Graham |last7=Anagnostou |first7=Aikaterini |last8=Halken |first8=Susanne |last9=Liebermann |first9=Jay |last10=Worm |first10=Margitta |last11=Zuberbier |first11=Torsten |last12=Sampson |first12=Hugh A. |last13=Alvaro-Lozano |first13=Montserrat |last14=Arasi |first14=Stefania |last15=Ben-Shoshan |first15=Moshe |date=2025 |title=Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report—a GA2LEN project |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=406–417.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2025.01.021 |issn=0091-6749 |pmc=12301991 |pmid=39880313}}</ref> E typically dey cause more dan one of de following: an itchy rash, throat wey dey close secof swelling wey fi obstruct anaa stop breathing; severe tongue swelling wey sanso fi interfere plus anaa stop breathing; shortness of breath, [[vomiting]], lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, den medical shock.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis">{{cite web |author1=NHS |title=Overview – Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/ |website=NHS (National Health Service) |publisher=British government |access-date=4 March 2022 |location=United Kingdom |language=English |date=29 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="NIH20152">{{cite web |date=April 23, 2015 |title=Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=4 February 2016 |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases}}</ref> Dese symptoms typically dey start in minutes to hours den then dey increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels.<ref name="NIH20152" /> Urgent medical treatment be required to prevent serious harm den death, even if de patient use an epinephrine autoinjector anaa dem take oda medications in response, den even if symptoms appear dem dey improve.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /> Common causes dey include allergies to insect bites den stings, allergies to foods—wey dey include nuts, peanuts, milk, fish, eggs; allergies to medications – wey dey include sam antibiotics den non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); anaa allergies to anaesthetics anaa latex.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Oda causes fi include physical exercise, den cases sanso fi occur insyd sam people secof escalating reactions to simple throat irritation anaa sanso fi occur widout an obvious reason.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Anaphylaxis|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|access-date=4 February 2016|date=April 23, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> De mast cell disease mastocytosis, along plus de mast cell disorder mast cell activation syndrome both be capable of triggering anaphylaxis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gülen |first=Theo |date=2023-10-25 |title=A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis |journal=Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=13 |issue=21 |pages=3307 |doi=10.3390/diagnostics13213307 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4418 |pmc=10647312 |pmid=37958203}}</ref> De mechanism dey involve de release of inflammatory mediators insyd a rapidly escalating cascade from certain types of white blood cells wey be triggered by either immunologic anaa non-immunologic mechanisms.<ref name="Khan11">{{cite journal|last=Khan|first=BQ|author2=Kemp, SF|title=Pathophysiology of anaphylaxis|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=August 2011|volume=11|issue=4|pages=319–25|pmid=21659865|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283481ab6|s2cid=6810542}}</ref> Diagnosis be based on de presenting symptoms den signs after exposure to a potential allergen anaa irritant.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /><ref name="NIH2015" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] cej2k4bxn3n4zk3yv4iwyb633fblga9 108093 108092 2026-07-29T16:47:54Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anaphylaxis''' be a serious den potentially fatal allergic reaction wey fi progress rapidly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dribin |first1=Timothy E. |last2=Muraro |first2=Antonella |last3=Camargo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Turner |first4=Paul J. |last5=Wang |first5=Julie |last6=Roberts |first6=Graham |last7=Anagnostou |first7=Aikaterini |last8=Halken |first8=Susanne |last9=Liebermann |first9=Jay |last10=Worm |first10=Margitta |last11=Zuberbier |first11=Torsten |last12=Sampson |first12=Hugh A. |last13=Alvaro-Lozano |first13=Montserrat |last14=Arasi |first14=Stefania |last15=Ben-Shoshan |first15=Moshe |date=2025 |title=Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report—a GA2LEN project |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=406–417.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2025.01.021 |issn=0091-6749 |pmc=12301991 |pmid=39880313}}</ref> E typically dey cause more dan one of de following: an itchy rash, throat wey dey close secof swelling wey fi obstruct anaa stop breathing; severe tongue swelling wey sanso fi interfere plus anaa stop breathing; shortness of breath, [[vomiting]], lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, den medical shock.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis">{{cite web |author1=NHS |title=Overview – Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/ |website=NHS (National Health Service) |publisher=British government |access-date=4 March 2022 |location=United Kingdom |language=English |date=29 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="NIH20152">{{cite web |date=April 23, 2015 |title=Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=4 February 2016 |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases}}</ref> Dese symptoms typically dey start in minutes to hours den then dey increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels.<ref name="NIH20152" /> Urgent medical treatment be required to prevent serious harm den death, even if de patient use an epinephrine autoinjector anaa dem take oda medications in response, den even if symptoms appear dem dey improve.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /> Common causes dey include allergies to insect bites den stings, allergies to foods—wey dey include nuts, peanuts, milk, fish, eggs; allergies to medications – wey dey include sam antibiotics den non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); anaa allergies to anaesthetics anaa latex.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Oda causes fi include physical exercise, den cases sanso fi occur insyd sam people secof escalating reactions to simple throat irritation anaa sanso fi occur widout an obvious reason.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Anaphylaxis|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|access-date=4 February 2016|date=April 23, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> De mast cell disease mastocytosis, along plus de mast cell disorder mast cell activation syndrome both be capable of triggering anaphylaxis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gülen |first=Theo |date=2023-10-25 |title=A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis |journal=Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=13 |issue=21 |pages=3307 |doi=10.3390/diagnostics13213307 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4418 |pmc=10647312 |pmid=37958203}}</ref> De mechanism dey involve de release of inflammatory mediators insyd a rapidly escalating cascade from certain types of white blood cells wey be triggered by either immunologic anaa non-immunologic mechanisms.<ref name="Khan11">{{cite journal|last=Khan|first=BQ|author2=Kemp, SF|title=Pathophysiology of anaphylaxis|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=August 2011|volume=11|issue=4|pages=319–25|pmid=21659865|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283481ab6|s2cid=6810542}}</ref> Diagnosis be based on de presenting symptoms den signs after exposure to a potential allergen anaa irritant.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /><ref name="NIH2015" /> De primary treatment of anaphylaxis be epinephrine injection into a muscle, intravenous fluids, then placing de person insyd a reclining position plus feet elevated to help restore normal blood flow.<ref name=NIH2015/><ref name=EAACI2014>{{cite journal|author=The EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group|title=Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.|journal=Allergy|date=August 2014|volume=69|issue=8|pages=1026–45|pmid=24909803|doi=10.1111/all.12437|s2cid=11054771|url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/18fea276-3a30-4c4a-8d90-9d456bb71bb8 }}</ref> Additional doses of epinephrine fi be required.<ref name=NIH2015/> Oda measures, such as antihistamines den steroids, be complementary.<ref name=NIH2015/> Carrying an epinephrine autoinjector, dem commonly call an "epipen", den identification wey dey regard de condition be recommended insyd people plus a history of anaphylaxis.<ref name=NIH2015/> Immediately contacting ambulance / EMT services be strongly recommended, regardless of any on-site treatment.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Getting to a doctor anaa hospital as soon as possible be important, even if de condition dey appear e dey get better.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003-08-01 |title=Use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis |journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=313–318 |doi=10.1097/00130832-200308000-00013 |issn=1528-4050 |pmid=12865777| vauthors = Lieberman P }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] mgwghj62rn7t3vks2m46b5kzyqgh7fx 108094 108093 2026-07-29T16:50:15Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anaphylaxis''' be a serious den potentially fatal allergic reaction wey fi progress rapidly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dribin |first1=Timothy E. |last2=Muraro |first2=Antonella |last3=Camargo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Turner |first4=Paul J. |last5=Wang |first5=Julie |last6=Roberts |first6=Graham |last7=Anagnostou |first7=Aikaterini |last8=Halken |first8=Susanne |last9=Liebermann |first9=Jay |last10=Worm |first10=Margitta |last11=Zuberbier |first11=Torsten |last12=Sampson |first12=Hugh A. |last13=Alvaro-Lozano |first13=Montserrat |last14=Arasi |first14=Stefania |last15=Ben-Shoshan |first15=Moshe |date=2025 |title=Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report—a GA2LEN project |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=406–417.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2025.01.021 |issn=0091-6749 |pmc=12301991 |pmid=39880313}}</ref> E typically dey cause more dan one of de following: an itchy rash, throat wey dey close secof swelling wey fi obstruct anaa stop breathing; severe tongue swelling wey sanso fi interfere plus anaa stop breathing; shortness of breath, [[vomiting]], lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, den medical shock.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis">{{cite web |author1=NHS |title=Overview – Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/ |website=NHS (National Health Service) |publisher=British government |access-date=4 March 2022 |location=United Kingdom |language=English |date=29 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="NIH20152">{{cite web |date=April 23, 2015 |title=Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=4 February 2016 |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases}}</ref> Dese symptoms typically dey start in minutes to hours den then dey increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels.<ref name="NIH20152" /> Urgent medical treatment be required to prevent serious harm den death, even if de patient use an epinephrine autoinjector anaa dem take oda medications in response, den even if symptoms appear dem dey improve.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /> Common causes dey include allergies to insect bites den stings, allergies to foods—wey dey include nuts, peanuts, milk, fish, eggs; allergies to medications – wey dey include sam antibiotics den non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); anaa allergies to anaesthetics anaa latex.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Oda causes fi include physical exercise, den cases sanso fi occur insyd sam people secof escalating reactions to simple throat irritation anaa sanso fi occur widout an obvious reason.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Anaphylaxis|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|access-date=4 February 2016|date=April 23, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> De mast cell disease mastocytosis, along plus de mast cell disorder mast cell activation syndrome both be capable of triggering anaphylaxis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gülen |first=Theo |date=2023-10-25 |title=A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis |journal=Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=13 |issue=21 |pages=3307 |doi=10.3390/diagnostics13213307 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4418 |pmc=10647312 |pmid=37958203}}</ref> De mechanism dey involve de release of inflammatory mediators insyd a rapidly escalating cascade from certain types of white blood cells wey be triggered by either immunologic anaa non-immunologic mechanisms.<ref name="Khan11">{{cite journal|last=Khan|first=BQ|author2=Kemp, SF|title=Pathophysiology of anaphylaxis|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=August 2011|volume=11|issue=4|pages=319–25|pmid=21659865|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283481ab6|s2cid=6810542}}</ref> Diagnosis be based on de presenting symptoms den signs after exposure to a potential allergen anaa irritant.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /><ref name="NIH2015" /> De primary treatment of anaphylaxis be epinephrine injection into a muscle, intravenous fluids, then placing de person insyd a reclining position plus feet elevated to help restore normal blood flow.<ref name=NIH2015/><ref name=EAACI2014>{{cite journal|author=The EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group|title=Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.|journal=Allergy|date=August 2014|volume=69|issue=8|pages=1026–45|pmid=24909803|doi=10.1111/all.12437|s2cid=11054771|url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/18fea276-3a30-4c4a-8d90-9d456bb71bb8 }}</ref> Additional doses of epinephrine fi be required.<ref name=NIH2015/> Oda measures, such as antihistamines den steroids, be complementary.<ref name=NIH2015/> Carrying an epinephrine autoinjector, dem commonly call an "epipen", den identification wey dey regard de condition be recommended insyd people plus a history of anaphylaxis.<ref name=NIH2015/> Immediately contacting ambulance / EMT services be strongly recommended, regardless of any on-site treatment.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Getting to a doctor anaa hospital as soon as possible be important, even if de condition dey appear e dey get better.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003-08-01 |title=Use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis |journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=313–318 |doi=10.1097/00130832-200308000-00013 |issn=1528-4050 |pmid=12865777| vauthors = Lieberman P }}</ref> Worldwide, 0.05–2% of de population be estimated to experience anaphylaxis at sam point insyd life.<ref name=World11/> Globally, as underreporting decline into de 2010s, de rate appear e dey increase.<ref name=World11>{{cite journal|last1=Simons|first1=FE|last2=Ardusso|first2=LR|last3=Bilò|first3=MB|last4=El-Gamal|first4=YM|last5=Ledford|first5=DK|last6=Ring|first6=J|last7=Sanchez-Borges|first7=M|last8=Senna|first8=GE|last9=Sheikh|first9=A|last10=Thong|first10=BY|last11=World Allergy|first11=Organization.|title=World allergy organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis.|journal=The World Allergy Organization Journal|date=February 2011|volume=4|issue=2|pages=13–37|pmid=23268454|doi=10.1097/wox.0b013e318211496c|pmc=3500036}}</ref> E dey occur most often insyd young people den females.<ref name=EAACI2014/><ref name=CEA11>{{cite journal|last=Lee|first=JK|author2=Vadas, P|title=Anaphylaxis: mechanisms and management|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|date=July 2011|volume=41|issue=7|pages=923–38|pmid=21668816|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03779.x|s2cid=13218854}}</ref> About 99.7% of people dem hospitalize plus anaphylaxis insyd de [[United States]] survive.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ma|first1=L|last2=Danoff|first2=TM|last3=Borish|first3=L|title=Case fatality and population mortality associated with anaphylaxis in the United States.|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=April 2014|volume=133|issue=4|pages=1075–83|pmid=24332862|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.029|pmc=3972293}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] e9g4olyfg13bkswu69f0tvgk96norpu 108095 108094 2026-07-29T16:53:23Z DaSupremo 9 /* Etymology */ Improve article 108095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anaphylaxis''' be a serious den potentially fatal allergic reaction wey fi progress rapidly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dribin |first1=Timothy E. |last2=Muraro |first2=Antonella |last3=Camargo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Turner |first4=Paul J. |last5=Wang |first5=Julie |last6=Roberts |first6=Graham |last7=Anagnostou |first7=Aikaterini |last8=Halken |first8=Susanne |last9=Liebermann |first9=Jay |last10=Worm |first10=Margitta |last11=Zuberbier |first11=Torsten |last12=Sampson |first12=Hugh A. |last13=Alvaro-Lozano |first13=Montserrat |last14=Arasi |first14=Stefania |last15=Ben-Shoshan |first15=Moshe |date=2025 |title=Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report—a GA2LEN project |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=406–417.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2025.01.021 |issn=0091-6749 |pmc=12301991 |pmid=39880313}}</ref> E typically dey cause more dan one of de following: an itchy rash, throat wey dey close secof swelling wey fi obstruct anaa stop breathing; severe tongue swelling wey sanso fi interfere plus anaa stop breathing; shortness of breath, [[vomiting]], lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, den medical shock.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis">{{cite web |author1=NHS |title=Overview – Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/ |website=NHS (National Health Service) |publisher=British government |access-date=4 March 2022 |location=United Kingdom |language=English |date=29 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="NIH20152">{{cite web |date=April 23, 2015 |title=Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=4 February 2016 |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases}}</ref> Dese symptoms typically dey start in minutes to hours den then dey increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels.<ref name="NIH20152" /> Urgent medical treatment be required to prevent serious harm den death, even if de patient use an epinephrine autoinjector anaa dem take oda medications in response, den even if symptoms appear dem dey improve.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /> Common causes dey include allergies to insect bites den stings, allergies to foods—wey dey include nuts, peanuts, milk, fish, eggs; allergies to medications – wey dey include sam antibiotics den non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); anaa allergies to anaesthetics anaa latex.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Oda causes fi include physical exercise, den cases sanso fi occur insyd sam people secof escalating reactions to simple throat irritation anaa sanso fi occur widout an obvious reason.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Anaphylaxis|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|access-date=4 February 2016|date=April 23, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> De mast cell disease mastocytosis, along plus de mast cell disorder mast cell activation syndrome both be capable of triggering anaphylaxis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gülen |first=Theo |date=2023-10-25 |title=A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis |journal=Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=13 |issue=21 |pages=3307 |doi=10.3390/diagnostics13213307 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4418 |pmc=10647312 |pmid=37958203}}</ref> De mechanism dey involve de release of inflammatory mediators insyd a rapidly escalating cascade from certain types of white blood cells wey be triggered by either immunologic anaa non-immunologic mechanisms.<ref name="Khan11">{{cite journal|last=Khan|first=BQ|author2=Kemp, SF|title=Pathophysiology of anaphylaxis|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=August 2011|volume=11|issue=4|pages=319–25|pmid=21659865|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283481ab6|s2cid=6810542}}</ref> Diagnosis be based on de presenting symptoms den signs after exposure to a potential allergen anaa irritant.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /><ref name="NIH2015" /> De primary treatment of anaphylaxis be epinephrine injection into a muscle, intravenous fluids, then placing de person insyd a reclining position plus feet elevated to help restore normal blood flow.<ref name=NIH2015/><ref name=EAACI2014>{{cite journal|author=The EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group|title=Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.|journal=Allergy|date=August 2014|volume=69|issue=8|pages=1026–45|pmid=24909803|doi=10.1111/all.12437|s2cid=11054771|url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/18fea276-3a30-4c4a-8d90-9d456bb71bb8 }}</ref> Additional doses of epinephrine fi be required.<ref name=NIH2015/> Oda measures, such as antihistamines den steroids, be complementary.<ref name=NIH2015/> Carrying an epinephrine autoinjector, dem commonly call an "epipen", den identification wey dey regard de condition be recommended insyd people plus a history of anaphylaxis.<ref name=NIH2015/> Immediately contacting ambulance / EMT services be strongly recommended, regardless of any on-site treatment.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Getting to a doctor anaa hospital as soon as possible be important, even if de condition dey appear e dey get better.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003-08-01 |title=Use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis |journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=313–318 |doi=10.1097/00130832-200308000-00013 |issn=1528-4050 |pmid=12865777| vauthors = Lieberman P }}</ref> Worldwide, 0.05–2% of de population be estimated to experience anaphylaxis at sam point insyd life.<ref name=World11/> Globally, as underreporting decline into de 2010s, de rate appear e dey increase.<ref name=World11>{{cite journal|last1=Simons|first1=FE|last2=Ardusso|first2=LR|last3=Bilò|first3=MB|last4=El-Gamal|first4=YM|last5=Ledford|first5=DK|last6=Ring|first6=J|last7=Sanchez-Borges|first7=M|last8=Senna|first8=GE|last9=Sheikh|first9=A|last10=Thong|first10=BY|last11=World Allergy|first11=Organization.|title=World allergy organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis.|journal=The World Allergy Organization Journal|date=February 2011|volume=4|issue=2|pages=13–37|pmid=23268454|doi=10.1097/wox.0b013e318211496c|pmc=3500036}}</ref> E dey occur most often insyd young people den females.<ref name=EAACI2014/><ref name=CEA11>{{cite journal|last=Lee|first=JK|author2=Vadas, P|title=Anaphylaxis: mechanisms and management|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|date=July 2011|volume=41|issue=7|pages=923–38|pmid=21668816|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03779.x|s2cid=13218854}}</ref> About 99.7% of people dem hospitalize plus anaphylaxis insyd de [[United States]] survive.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ma|first1=L|last2=Danoff|first2=TM|last3=Borish|first3=L|title=Case fatality and population mortality associated with anaphylaxis in the United States.|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=April 2014|volume=133|issue=4|pages=1075–83|pmid=24332862|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.029|pmc=3972293}}</ref> ==Etymology== De word be derived from Ancient Greek: ἀνά, <small>romanized:&#x20;</small>''ana'', <small>lit.&#x2009;</small>'up', den Ancient Greek: φύλαξις, <small>romanized:&#x20;</small>''phylaxis'', <small>lit.&#x2009;</small>'protection'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of ANA- |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ana- |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gylys|first1=Barbara|title=Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach|date=2012|publisher=F.A. Davis|isbn=978-0-8036-3913-3|page=269|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cR5hAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205065649/https://books.google.ca/books?id=cR5hAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|archive-date=2016-02-05}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 4ho3fwyzbziei79tnn6zzqdku0vz3qo 108096 108095 2026-07-29T16:59:07Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anaphylaxis''' be a serious den potentially fatal allergic reaction wey fi progress rapidly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dribin |first1=Timothy E. |last2=Muraro |first2=Antonella |last3=Camargo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Turner |first4=Paul J. |last5=Wang |first5=Julie |last6=Roberts |first6=Graham |last7=Anagnostou |first7=Aikaterini |last8=Halken |first8=Susanne |last9=Liebermann |first9=Jay |last10=Worm |first10=Margitta |last11=Zuberbier |first11=Torsten |last12=Sampson |first12=Hugh A. |last13=Alvaro-Lozano |first13=Montserrat |last14=Arasi |first14=Stefania |last15=Ben-Shoshan |first15=Moshe |date=2025 |title=Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report—a GA2LEN project |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=406–417.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2025.01.021 |issn=0091-6749 |pmc=12301991 |pmid=39880313}}</ref> E typically dey cause more dan one of de following: an itchy rash, throat wey dey close secof swelling wey fi obstruct anaa stop breathing; severe tongue swelling wey sanso fi interfere plus anaa stop breathing; shortness of breath, [[vomiting]], lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, den medical shock.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis">{{cite web |author1=NHS |title=Overview – Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/ |website=NHS (National Health Service) |publisher=British government |access-date=4 March 2022 |location=United Kingdom |language=English |date=29 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="NIH20152">{{cite web |date=April 23, 2015 |title=Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=4 February 2016 |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases}}</ref> Dese symptoms typically dey start in minutes to hours den then dey increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels.<ref name="NIH20152" /> Urgent medical treatment be required to prevent serious harm den death, even if de patient use an epinephrine autoinjector anaa dem take oda medications in response, den even if symptoms appear dem dey improve.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /> Common causes dey include allergies to insect bites den stings, allergies to foods—wey dey include nuts, peanuts, milk, fish, eggs; allergies to medications – wey dey include sam antibiotics den non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); anaa allergies to anaesthetics anaa latex.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Oda causes fi include physical exercise, den cases sanso fi occur insyd sam people secof escalating reactions to simple throat irritation anaa sanso fi occur widout an obvious reason.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Anaphylaxis|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|access-date=4 February 2016|date=April 23, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> De mast cell disease mastocytosis, along plus de mast cell disorder mast cell activation syndrome both be capable of triggering anaphylaxis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gülen |first=Theo |date=2023-10-25 |title=A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis |journal=Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=13 |issue=21 |pages=3307 |doi=10.3390/diagnostics13213307 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4418 |pmc=10647312 |pmid=37958203}}</ref> De mechanism dey involve de release of inflammatory mediators insyd a rapidly escalating cascade from certain types of white blood cells wey be triggered by either immunologic anaa non-immunologic mechanisms.<ref name="Khan11">{{cite journal|last=Khan|first=BQ|author2=Kemp, SF|title=Pathophysiology of anaphylaxis|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=August 2011|volume=11|issue=4|pages=319–25|pmid=21659865|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283481ab6|s2cid=6810542}}</ref> Diagnosis be based on de presenting symptoms den signs after exposure to a potential allergen anaa irritant.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /><ref name="NIH2015" /> De primary treatment of anaphylaxis be epinephrine injection into a muscle, intravenous fluids, then placing de person insyd a reclining position plus feet elevated to help restore normal blood flow.<ref name=NIH2015/><ref name=EAACI2014>{{cite journal|author=The EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group|title=Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.|journal=Allergy|date=August 2014|volume=69|issue=8|pages=1026–45|pmid=24909803|doi=10.1111/all.12437|s2cid=11054771|url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/18fea276-3a30-4c4a-8d90-9d456bb71bb8 }}</ref> Additional doses of epinephrine fi be required.<ref name=NIH2015/> Oda measures, such as antihistamines den steroids, be complementary.<ref name=NIH2015/> Carrying an epinephrine autoinjector, dem commonly call an "epipen", den identification wey dey regard de condition be recommended insyd people plus a history of anaphylaxis.<ref name=NIH2015/> Immediately contacting ambulance / EMT services be strongly recommended, regardless of any on-site treatment.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Getting to a doctor anaa hospital as soon as possible be important, even if de condition dey appear e dey get better.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003-08-01 |title=Use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis |journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=313–318 |doi=10.1097/00130832-200308000-00013 |issn=1528-4050 |pmid=12865777| vauthors = Lieberman P }}</ref> Worldwide, 0.05–2% of de population be estimated to experience anaphylaxis at sam point insyd life.<ref name=World11/> Globally, as underreporting decline into de 2010s, de rate appear e dey increase.<ref name=World11>{{cite journal|last1=Simons|first1=FE|last2=Ardusso|first2=LR|last3=Bilò|first3=MB|last4=El-Gamal|first4=YM|last5=Ledford|first5=DK|last6=Ring|first6=J|last7=Sanchez-Borges|first7=M|last8=Senna|first8=GE|last9=Sheikh|first9=A|last10=Thong|first10=BY|last11=World Allergy|first11=Organization.|title=World allergy organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis.|journal=The World Allergy Organization Journal|date=February 2011|volume=4|issue=2|pages=13–37|pmid=23268454|doi=10.1097/wox.0b013e318211496c|pmc=3500036}}</ref> E dey occur most often insyd young people den females.<ref name=EAACI2014/><ref name=CEA11>{{cite journal|last=Lee|first=JK|author2=Vadas, P|title=Anaphylaxis: mechanisms and management|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|date=July 2011|volume=41|issue=7|pages=923–38|pmid=21668816|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03779.x|s2cid=13218854}}</ref> About 99.7% of people dem hospitalize plus anaphylaxis insyd de [[United States]] survive.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ma|first1=L|last2=Danoff|first2=TM|last3=Borish|first3=L|title=Case fatality and population mortality associated with anaphylaxis in the United States.|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=April 2014|volume=133|issue=4|pages=1075–83|pmid=24332862|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.029|pmc=3972293}}</ref> ==Etymology== De word be derived from Ancient Greek: ἀνά, <small>romanized:&#x20;</small>''ana'', <small>lit.&#x2009;</small>'up', den Ancient Greek: φύλαξις, <small>romanized:&#x20;</small>''phylaxis'', <small>lit.&#x2009;</small>'protection'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of ANA- |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ana- |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gylys|first1=Barbara|title=Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach|date=2012|publisher=F.A. Davis|isbn=978-0-8036-3913-3|page=269|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cR5hAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205065649/https://books.google.ca/books?id=cR5hAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|archive-date=2016-02-05}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q168800|c=Category:Anaphylaxis|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=Anaphylaxis|species=no}} * National Institute for Health and Clinical Experience. ''[https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG134 Clinical guideline 134: Anaphylaxis: assessment to confirm an anaphylactic episode and the decision to refer after emergency treatment for a suspected anaphylactic episode],'' London, 2011. and [http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis pathway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011193830/http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/anaphylaxis |date=2017-10-11 }} * {{cite web | url = https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine | work = MedlinePlus | title = Anaphylaxis }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Allergology]] [[Category:Complications of surgical den medical care]] [[Category:Medical emergencies]] [[Category:Respiratory diseases]] [[Category:Type I hypersensitivity]] [[Category:Urticaria den angioedema]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] k88xm6a8db5fkdpux5v2dsc5n25ktmn 108104 108096 2026-07-29T17:55:07Z InternetArchiveBot 29 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 108104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anaphylaxis''' be a serious den potentially fatal allergic reaction wey fi progress rapidly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dribin |first1=Timothy E. |last2=Muraro |first2=Antonella |last3=Camargo |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Turner |first4=Paul J. |last5=Wang |first5=Julie |last6=Roberts |first6=Graham |last7=Anagnostou |first7=Aikaterini |last8=Halken |first8=Susanne |last9=Liebermann |first9=Jay |last10=Worm |first10=Margitta |last11=Zuberbier |first11=Torsten |last12=Sampson |first12=Hugh A. |last13=Alvaro-Lozano |first13=Montserrat |last14=Arasi |first14=Stefania |last15=Ben-Shoshan |first15=Moshe |date=2025 |title=Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report—a GA2LEN project |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=406–417.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2025.01.021 |issn=0091-6749 |pmc=12301991 |pmid=39880313}}</ref> E typically dey cause more dan one of de following: an itchy rash, throat wey dey close secof swelling wey fi obstruct anaa stop breathing; severe tongue swelling wey sanso fi interfere plus anaa stop breathing; shortness of breath, [[vomiting]], lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, den medical shock.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis">{{cite web |author1=NHS |title=Overview – Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/ |website=NHS (National Health Service) |publisher=British government |access-date=4 March 2022 |location=United Kingdom |language=English |date=29 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="NIH20152">{{cite web |date=April 23, 2015 |title=Anaphylaxis |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=4 May 2015 |access-date=4 February 2016 |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases}}</ref> Dese symptoms typically dey start in minutes to hours den then dey increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels.<ref name="NIH20152" /> Urgent medical treatment be required to prevent serious harm den death, even if de patient use an epinephrine autoinjector anaa dem take oda medications in response, den even if symptoms appear dem dey improve.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /> Common causes dey include allergies to insect bites den stings, allergies to foods—wey dey include nuts, peanuts, milk, fish, eggs; allergies to medications – wey dey include sam antibiotics den non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); anaa allergies to anaesthetics anaa latex.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Oda causes fi include physical exercise, den cases sanso fi occur insyd sam people secof escalating reactions to simple throat irritation anaa sanso fi occur widout an obvious reason.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Anaphylaxis|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/7937?404message&requested_url=/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|access-date=4 February 2016|date=April 23, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504041904/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/anaphylaxis/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> De mast cell disease mastocytosis, along plus de mast cell disorder mast cell activation syndrome both be capable of triggering anaphylaxis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gülen |first=Theo |date=2023-10-25 |title=A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis |journal=Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=13 |issue=21 |pages=3307 |doi=10.3390/diagnostics13213307 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4418 |pmc=10647312 |pmid=37958203}}</ref> De mechanism dey involve de release of inflammatory mediators insyd a rapidly escalating cascade from certain types of white blood cells wey be triggered by either immunologic anaa non-immunologic mechanisms.<ref name="Khan11">{{cite journal|last=Khan|first=BQ|author2=Kemp, SF|title=Pathophysiology of anaphylaxis|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=August 2011|volume=11|issue=4|pages=319–25|pmid=21659865|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283481ab6|s2cid=6810542}}</ref> Diagnosis be based on de presenting symptoms den signs after exposure to a potential allergen anaa irritant.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis" /><ref name="NIH2015" /> De primary treatment of anaphylaxis be epinephrine injection into a muscle, intravenous fluids, then placing de person insyd a reclining position plus feet elevated to help restore normal blood flow.<ref name=NIH2015/><ref name=EAACI2014>{{cite journal|author=The EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group|title=Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.|journal=Allergy|date=August 2014|volume=69|issue=8|pages=1026–45|pmid=24909803|doi=10.1111/all.12437|s2cid=11054771|url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/18fea276-3a30-4c4a-8d90-9d456bb71bb8 }}</ref> Additional doses of epinephrine fi be required.<ref name=NIH2015/> Oda measures, such as antihistamines den steroids, be complementary.<ref name=NIH2015/> Carrying an epinephrine autoinjector, dem commonly call an "epipen", den identification wey dey regard de condition be recommended insyd people plus a history of anaphylaxis.<ref name=NIH2015/> Immediately contacting ambulance / EMT services be strongly recommended, regardless of any on-site treatment.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/> Getting to a doctor anaa hospital as soon as possible be important, even if de condition dey appear e dey get better.<ref name="Overview - Anaphylaxis"/><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003-08-01 |title=Use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis |journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=313–318 |doi=10.1097/00130832-200308000-00013 |issn=1528-4050 |pmid=12865777| vauthors = Lieberman P }}</ref> Worldwide, 0.05–2% of de population be estimated to experience anaphylaxis at sam point insyd life.<ref name=World11/> Globally, as underreporting decline into de 2010s, de rate appear e dey increase.<ref name=World11>{{cite journal|last1=Simons|first1=FE|last2=Ardusso|first2=LR|last3=Bilò|first3=MB|last4=El-Gamal|first4=YM|last5=Ledford|first5=DK|last6=Ring|first6=J|last7=Sanchez-Borges|first7=M|last8=Senna|first8=GE|last9=Sheikh|first9=A|last10=Thong|first10=BY|last11=World Allergy|first11=Organization.|title=World allergy organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis.|journal=The World Allergy Organization Journal|date=February 2011|volume=4|issue=2|pages=13–37|pmid=23268454|doi=10.1097/wox.0b013e318211496c|pmc=3500036}}</ref> E dey occur most often insyd young people den females.<ref name=EAACI2014/><ref name=CEA11>{{cite journal|last=Lee|first=JK|author2=Vadas, P|title=Anaphylaxis: mechanisms and management|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|date=July 2011|volume=41|issue=7|pages=923–38|pmid=21668816|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03779.x|s2cid=13218854}}</ref> About 99.7% of people dem hospitalize plus anaphylaxis insyd de [[United States]] survive.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ma|first1=L|last2=Danoff|first2=TM|last3=Borish|first3=L|title=Case fatality and population mortality associated with anaphylaxis in the United States.|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=April 2014|volume=133|issue=4|pages=1075–83|pmid=24332862|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.029|pmc=3972293}}</ref> ==Etymology== De word be derived from Ancient Greek: ἀνά, <small>romanized:&#x20;</small>''ana'', <small>lit.&#x2009;</small>'up', den Ancient Greek: φύλαξις, <small>romanized:&#x20;</small>''phylaxis'', <small>lit.&#x2009;</small>'protection'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of ANA- |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ana- |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gylys|first1=Barbara|title=Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach|date=2012|publisher=F.A. Davis|isbn=978-0-8036-3913-3|page=269|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cR5hAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205065649/https://books.google.ca/books?id=cR5hAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|archive-date=2016-02-05}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q168800|c=Category:Anaphylaxis|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=Anaphylaxis|species=no}} * National Institute for Health and Clinical Experience. ''[https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG134 Clinical guideline 134: Anaphylaxis: assessment to confirm an anaphylactic episode and the decision to refer after emergency treatment for a suspected anaphylactic episode],'' London, 2011. and [https://web.archive.org/web/20171011193830/http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis pathway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011193830/http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/anaphylaxis |date=2017-10-11 }} * {{cite web | url = https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine | work = MedlinePlus | title = Anaphylaxis }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Allergology]] [[Category:Complications of surgical den medical care]] [[Category:Medical emergencies]] [[Category:Respiratory diseases]] [[Category:Type I hypersensitivity]] [[Category:Urticaria den angioedema]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 0qe55i4rmgtabhdkq446xuut4vx36a4 1 29038 108088 2026-07-29T13:12:57Z Truejointadventures 5175 Created page with "this page in creole is outdated, incomplete, lacks sources and was replaced by a new pages in French, English and German. I strongly suggest to delete this page. ~~~~" 108088 wikitext text/x-wiki this page in creole is outdated, incomplete, lacks sources and was replaced by a new pages in French, English and German. I strongly suggest to delete this page. [[User:Truejointadventures|Truejointadventures]] ([[User talk:Truejointadventures|talk]]) 13:12, 29 July 2026 (GMT) 39uzzqloyf55lr2patl52480ecdl4er 14 29039 108097 2026-07-29T16:59:34Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108097 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 29040 108098 2026-07-29T17:02:07Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500737|Blepharitis]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 108098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 108099 108098 2026-07-29T17:28:31Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Blepharitis''', dem sam times know as '''granulated eyelids''', be one of de most common ocular conditions wey be characterized by inflammation, scaling, reddening, den crusting of de eyelid. Dis condition sanso fi cause swelling, burning, itching, anaa a grainy sensation wen introducing foreign objects anaa substances to de eye. Although blepharitis by einself no be sight-threatening, e fi lead to permanent alterations of de eyelid margin. De primary cause be bacteria den inflammation from congested meibomian oil glands at de base of each eyelash. Oda conditions fi give rise to blepharitis, whether dem be infectious anaa noninfectious, wey dey include, buh no be limited to, bacterial infections anaa allergies. == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] hwuqnolvwhekqvuam4d9gd1as83feok 108100 108099 2026-07-29T17:33:09Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Blepharitis''', dem sam times know as '''granulated eyelids''', be one of de most common ocular conditions wey be characterized by inflammation, scaling, reddening, den crusting of de eyelid. Dis condition sanso fi cause swelling, burning, itching, anaa a grainy sensation wen introducing foreign objects anaa substances to de eye. Although blepharitis by einself no be sight-threatening, e fi lead to permanent alterations of de eyelid margin. De primary cause be bacteria den inflammation from congested meibomian oil glands at de base of each eyelash. Oda conditions fi give rise to blepharitis, whether dem be infectious anaa noninfectious, wey dey include, buh no be limited to, bacterial infections anaa allergies. Different variations of blepharitis fi be classified as seborrheic, staphylococcal, mixed, posterior anaa meibomitis, anaa parasitic.<ref name="vaughan2">{{cite book|title=Vaughan & Asbury's general ophthalmology.| vauthors = Cunningham ET, Riordan-Eva P |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|isbn=978-0-07-163420-5|edition=18th|date=2011-05-17}}</ref> Insyd a survey of US ophthalmologists den optometrists, 37% to 47% of patients seen by those dem survey get signs of blepharitis, wich fi affect all ages den ethnic groups.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://eyewiki.aao.org/Blepharitis |title=Blepharitis |vauthors=Singh Tonk R, Hossain K |work=EyeWiki |publisher=American Academy of Ophthalmology |date=4 September 2023 |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203054539/https://eyewiki.aao.org/Blepharitis |url-status=live }}</ref> One single-center study of 90 patients plus chronic blepharitis find say de average age of patients be 50 years old.<ref name=":0" /> De word be from Greek βλέφαρον ''(blepharon)'' 'eyelid' den ''–itis'' 'inflammation of'. == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 6f503wniizpxqkg7y6x9lashu0afbrj 108101 108100 2026-07-29T17:35:20Z DaSupremo 9 /* Related conditions */ Improve article 108101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Blepharitis''', dem sam times know as '''granulated eyelids''', be one of de most common ocular conditions wey be characterized by inflammation, scaling, reddening, den crusting of de eyelid. Dis condition sanso fi cause swelling, burning, itching, anaa a grainy sensation wen introducing foreign objects anaa substances to de eye. Although blepharitis by einself no be sight-threatening, e fi lead to permanent alterations of de eyelid margin. De primary cause be bacteria den inflammation from congested meibomian oil glands at de base of each eyelash. Oda conditions fi give rise to blepharitis, whether dem be infectious anaa noninfectious, wey dey include, buh no be limited to, bacterial infections anaa allergies. Different variations of blepharitis fi be classified as seborrheic, staphylococcal, mixed, posterior anaa meibomitis, anaa parasitic.<ref name="vaughan2">{{cite book|title=Vaughan & Asbury's general ophthalmology.| vauthors = Cunningham ET, Riordan-Eva P |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|isbn=978-0-07-163420-5|edition=18th|date=2011-05-17}}</ref> Insyd a survey of US ophthalmologists den optometrists, 37% to 47% of patients seen by those dem survey get signs of blepharitis, wich fi affect all ages den ethnic groups.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://eyewiki.aao.org/Blepharitis |title=Blepharitis |vauthors=Singh Tonk R, Hossain K |work=EyeWiki |publisher=American Academy of Ophthalmology |date=4 September 2023 |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203054539/https://eyewiki.aao.org/Blepharitis |url-status=live }}</ref> One single-center study of 90 patients plus chronic blepharitis find say de average age of patients be 50 years old.<ref name=":0" /> De word be from Greek βλέφαρον ''(blepharon)'' 'eyelid' den ''–itis'' 'inflammation of'. === Related conditions === {| class="wikitable" !Condition !Entity |- |Bacterial infections |Erysipelas (due to Streptococcus pyogenes) [[Impetigo]] (due to Staphylococcus aureus) |- |Viral infections |Herpes simplex virus [[Molluscum contagiosum]] Varicella zoster virus Papillomavirus Vaccinia |- |Parasitic infection |Pediculosis palperbrarum |- |Immunologic conditions |[[Atopic dermatitis]] Contact dermatitis Erythema multiforme [[Crohn's disease]] |- |Dermatoses |[[Psoriasis]] Erythroderma |- |Benign eyelid tumors |Actinic keratosis Pyogenic granuloma |- |Malignant eyelid tumors |[[Melanoma]] Mycosis fungoides [[Basal-cell carcinoma|Basal cell carcinoma]] |- |Trauma |Chemical Radiation Surgical Thermal |- |Toxic conditions |Medicamentosa |} == References == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] == External links == 7tg1c9nb8jpii3tkeggomamjk4bpflv 108102 108101 2026-07-29T17:37:03Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Blepharitis''', dem sam times know as '''granulated eyelids''', be one of de most common ocular conditions wey be characterized by inflammation, scaling, reddening, den crusting of de eyelid. Dis condition sanso fi cause swelling, burning, itching, anaa a grainy sensation wen introducing foreign objects anaa substances to de eye. Although blepharitis by einself no be sight-threatening, e fi lead to permanent alterations of de eyelid margin. De primary cause be bacteria den inflammation from congested meibomian oil glands at de base of each eyelash. Oda conditions fi give rise to blepharitis, whether dem be infectious anaa noninfectious, wey dey include, buh no be limited to, bacterial infections anaa allergies. Different variations of blepharitis fi be classified as seborrheic, staphylococcal, mixed, posterior anaa meibomitis, anaa parasitic.<ref name="vaughan2">{{cite book|title=Vaughan & Asbury's general ophthalmology.| vauthors = Cunningham ET, Riordan-Eva P |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|isbn=978-0-07-163420-5|edition=18th|date=2011-05-17}}</ref> Insyd a survey of US ophthalmologists den optometrists, 37% to 47% of patients seen by those dem survey get signs of blepharitis, wich fi affect all ages den ethnic groups.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://eyewiki.aao.org/Blepharitis |title=Blepharitis |vauthors=Singh Tonk R, Hossain K |work=EyeWiki |publisher=American Academy of Ophthalmology |date=4 September 2023 |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203054539/https://eyewiki.aao.org/Blepharitis |url-status=live }}</ref> One single-center study of 90 patients plus chronic blepharitis find say de average age of patients be 50 years old.<ref name=":0" /> De word be from Greek βλέφαρον ''(blepharon)'' 'eyelid' den ''–itis'' 'inflammation of'. === Related conditions === {| class="wikitable" !Condition !Entity |- |Bacterial infections |Erysipelas (due to Streptococcus pyogenes) [[Impetigo]] (due to Staphylococcus aureus) |- |Viral infections |Herpes simplex virus [[Molluscum contagiosum]] Varicella zoster virus Papillomavirus Vaccinia |- |Parasitic infection |Pediculosis palperbrarum |- |Immunologic conditions |[[Atopic dermatitis]] Contact dermatitis Erythema multiforme [[Crohn's disease]] |- |Dermatoses |[[Psoriasis]] Erythroderma |- |Benign eyelid tumors |Actinic keratosis Pyogenic granuloma |- |Malignant eyelid tumors |[[Melanoma]] Mycosis fungoides [[Basal-cell carcinoma|Basal cell carcinoma]] |- |Trauma |Chemical Radiation Surgical Thermal |- |Toxic conditions |Medicamentosa |} == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/blepharitis Blepharitis Resource Guide from the National Eye Institute (NEI)] [[Category:Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system den orbit]] [[Category:Inflammations]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] jr5gji02geyxaqas2ct8bj0awjkkiet 14 29041 108103 2026-07-29T17:37:39Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108103 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 29042 108106 2026-07-29T18:41:23Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1502036|Finasteride]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 108106 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 108107 108106 2026-07-29T18:48:26Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Finasteride''', dem sell under de brand names '''Proscar''' (5 mg) den '''Propecia''' (1 mg) among odas, be a medication dem use to treat pattern hair loss den benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web | title = Finasteride Monograph for Professionals | url = https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002456/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | archive-date = 25 August 2018 | access-date = 5 March 2019 | website = Drugs.com | publisher = American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat excessive hair growth insyd women.<ref name="BlumePeytavi_2008">{{Cite book | vauthors = Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM | title = Hair Growth and Disorders | page = 369 | date = 26 June 2008 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | isbn = 978-3-540-46911-7 | access-date = 10 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031700/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> E usually be taken orally buh der be topical formulations give patients plus hair loss, dem design to minimize systemic exposure by acting specifically on hair follicles.<ref name="Piraccini_2022">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Piraccini BM, Blume-Peytavi U, Scarci F, Jansat JM, Falqués M, Otero R, Tamarit ML, Galván J, Tebbs V, Massana E | title = Efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray solution for male androgenetic alopecia: a phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 286–294 | date = February 2022 | pmid = 34634163 | pmc = 9297965 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.17738 }}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == 3i75qe0qzd2zkxnnheajlxbcarg61vm 108108 108107 2026-07-29T18:50:45Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Finasteride''', dem sell under de brand names '''Proscar''' (5 mg) den '''Propecia''' (1 mg) among odas, be a medication dem use to treat pattern hair loss den benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web | title = Finasteride Monograph for Professionals | url = https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002456/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | archive-date = 25 August 2018 | access-date = 5 March 2019 | website = Drugs.com | publisher = American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat excessive hair growth insyd women.<ref name="BlumePeytavi_2008">{{Cite book | vauthors = Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM | title = Hair Growth and Disorders | page = 369 | date = 26 June 2008 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | isbn = 978-3-540-46911-7 | access-date = 10 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031700/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> E usually be taken orally buh der be topical formulations give patients plus hair loss, dem design to minimize systemic exposure by acting specifically on hair follicles.<ref name="Piraccini_2022">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Piraccini BM, Blume-Peytavi U, Scarci F, Jansat JM, Falqués M, Otero R, Tamarit ML, Galván J, Tebbs V, Massana E | title = Efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray solution for male androgenetic alopecia: a phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 286–294 | date = February 2022 | pmid = 34634163 | pmc = 9297965 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.17738 }}</ref> Finasteride be a 5α-reductase inhibitor den therefore an antiandrogen.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF | date = 2014 | title = Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | page = 580 | isbn = 978-0-323-08430-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | access-date = 7 May 2020 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031742/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | url-status = live }}</ref> E dey work by decreasing de production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by about 70% insyd serum, 90% insyd prostate.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Zito PM, Bistas KG, Patel P, Syed K | date = 2026 | chapter = Finasteride | title = StatPearls | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | pmid = 30020701 | chapter-url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513329/ | access-date = 2026-07-24 | place = Treasure Island (FL) }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] mihhurre2aox2dg19q8uko41uuqdwqk 108109 108108 2026-07-29T18:52:55Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Finasteride''', dem sell under de brand names '''Proscar''' (5 mg) den '''Propecia''' (1 mg) among odas, be a medication dem use to treat pattern hair loss den benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web | title = Finasteride Monograph for Professionals | url = https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002456/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | archive-date = 25 August 2018 | access-date = 5 March 2019 | website = Drugs.com | publisher = American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat excessive hair growth insyd women.<ref name="BlumePeytavi_2008">{{Cite book | vauthors = Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM | title = Hair Growth and Disorders | page = 369 | date = 26 June 2008 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | isbn = 978-3-540-46911-7 | access-date = 10 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031700/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> E usually be taken orally buh der be topical formulations give patients plus hair loss, dem design to minimize systemic exposure by acting specifically on hair follicles.<ref name="Piraccini_2022">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Piraccini BM, Blume-Peytavi U, Scarci F, Jansat JM, Falqués M, Otero R, Tamarit ML, Galván J, Tebbs V, Massana E | title = Efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray solution for male androgenetic alopecia: a phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 286–294 | date = February 2022 | pmid = 34634163 | pmc = 9297965 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.17738 }}</ref> Finasteride be a 5α-reductase inhibitor den therefore an antiandrogen.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF | date = 2014 | title = Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | page = 580 | isbn = 978-0-323-08430-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | access-date = 7 May 2020 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031742/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | url-status = live }}</ref> E dey work by decreasing de production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by about 70% insyd serum, 90% insyd prostate.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Zito PM, Bistas KG, Patel P, Syed K | date = 2026 | chapter = Finasteride | title = StatPearls | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | pmid = 30020701 | chapter-url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513329/ | access-date = 2026-07-24 | place = Treasure Island (FL) }}</ref> Insyd addition to DHT, finasteride sanso dey inhibit de production of several anticonvulsant neurosteroids wey dey include allopregnanolone, androstanediol, den tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Samba Reddy D, Ramanathan G | title = Finasteride inhibits the disease-modifying activity of progesterone in the hippocampus kindling model of epileptogenesis | journal = Epilepsy & Behavior | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 92–97 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22835430 | pmc = 3444667 | doi = 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.05.024 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] b8wcyp0hh50plr25wl8liigxdoxe88z 108110 108109 2026-07-29T18:58:29Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Finasteride''', dem sell under de brand names '''Proscar''' (5 mg) den '''Propecia''' (1 mg) among odas, be a medication dem use to treat pattern hair loss den benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web | title = Finasteride Monograph for Professionals | url = https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002456/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | archive-date = 25 August 2018 | access-date = 5 March 2019 | website = Drugs.com | publisher = American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat excessive hair growth insyd women.<ref name="BlumePeytavi_2008">{{Cite book | vauthors = Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM | title = Hair Growth and Disorders | page = 369 | date = 26 June 2008 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | isbn = 978-3-540-46911-7 | access-date = 10 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031700/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> E usually be taken orally buh der be topical formulations give patients plus hair loss, dem design to minimize systemic exposure by acting specifically on hair follicles.<ref name="Piraccini_2022">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Piraccini BM, Blume-Peytavi U, Scarci F, Jansat JM, Falqués M, Otero R, Tamarit ML, Galván J, Tebbs V, Massana E | title = Efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray solution for male androgenetic alopecia: a phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 286–294 | date = February 2022 | pmid = 34634163 | pmc = 9297965 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.17738 }}</ref> Finasteride be a 5α-reductase inhibitor den therefore an antiandrogen.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF | date = 2014 | title = Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | page = 580 | isbn = 978-0-323-08430-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | access-date = 7 May 2020 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031742/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | url-status = live }}</ref> E dey work by decreasing de production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by about 70% insyd serum, 90% insyd prostate.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Zito PM, Bistas KG, Patel P, Syed K | date = 2026 | chapter = Finasteride | title = StatPearls | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | pmid = 30020701 | chapter-url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513329/ | access-date = 2026-07-24 | place = Treasure Island (FL) }}</ref> Insyd addition to DHT, finasteride sanso dey inhibit de production of several anticonvulsant neurosteroids wey dey include allopregnanolone, androstanediol, den tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Samba Reddy D, Ramanathan G | title = Finasteride inhibits the disease-modifying activity of progesterone in the hippocampus kindling model of epileptogenesis | journal = Epilepsy & Behavior | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 92–97 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22835430 | pmc = 3444667 | doi = 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.05.024 }}</ref> Adverse effects from finasteride be rare insyd men plus already enlarged prostates;<ref name="Tacklind_2010">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ | title = Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2010 | issue = 10 | article-number = CD006015 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20927745 | pmc = 8908761 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006015.pub3 }}</ref> however, sam men experience sexual dysfunction, [[depression (mood)|depression]], den [[gynecomastia|breast enlargement]].<ref name="Zakhem_2019">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Zakhem GA, Goldberg JE, Motosko CC, Cohen BE, Ho RS | title = Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 81 | issue = 1 | pages = 163–172 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 30905792 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043 | s2cid = 85497115 }}</ref><ref name="Varothai_2014">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Varothai S, Bergfeld WF | title = Androgenetic alopecia: an evidence-based treatment update | journal = American Journal of Clinical Dermatology | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 217–230 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24848508 | doi = 10.1007/s40257-014-0077-5 | s2cid = 31245042 }}</ref> Insyd sam men, sexual dysfunction fi persist after stopping de medication.<ref name="Zakhem_2019a">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Zakhem GA, Goldberg JE, Motosko CC, Cohen BE, Ho RS | title = Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 81 | issue = 1 | pages = 163–172 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 30905792 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043 | s2cid = 85497115 | quote = In studies addressing reversibility, most of these patients have resolution of sexual adverse effects after discontinuation of finasteride, and many have improvement of adverse effects over time with continued finasteride use. However, some studies describe a subset of patients with persistent adverse effects after discontinuation... Level 1 evidence evaluating sexual dysfunction as a primary outcome was available for finasteride. }}</ref><ref name="Traish_2020">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Traish AM | title = Post-finasteride syndrome: a surmountable challenge for clinicians | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 113 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–50 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 32033719 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.030 | s2cid = 211064052 | doi-access = free }}</ref> E sanso fi hide de early symptoms of certain forms of [[prostate cancer]].<ref name="Varothai_2014" /> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ko5bi9psa408u73s2zx3rxjp1hlczqr 108111 108110 2026-07-29T19:01:57Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Finasteride''', dem sell under de brand names '''Proscar''' (5 mg) den '''Propecia''' (1 mg) among odas, be a medication dem use to treat pattern hair loss den benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web | title = Finasteride Monograph for Professionals | url = https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002456/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | archive-date = 25 August 2018 | access-date = 5 March 2019 | website = Drugs.com | publisher = American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat excessive hair growth insyd women.<ref name="BlumePeytavi_2008">{{Cite book | vauthors = Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM | title = Hair Growth and Disorders | page = 369 | date = 26 June 2008 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | isbn = 978-3-540-46911-7 | access-date = 10 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031700/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> E usually be taken orally buh der be topical formulations give patients plus hair loss, dem design to minimize systemic exposure by acting specifically on hair follicles.<ref name="Piraccini_2022">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Piraccini BM, Blume-Peytavi U, Scarci F, Jansat JM, Falqués M, Otero R, Tamarit ML, Galván J, Tebbs V, Massana E | title = Efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray solution for male androgenetic alopecia: a phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 286–294 | date = February 2022 | pmid = 34634163 | pmc = 9297965 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.17738 }}</ref> Finasteride be a 5α-reductase inhibitor den therefore an antiandrogen.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF | date = 2014 | title = Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | page = 580 | isbn = 978-0-323-08430-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | access-date = 7 May 2020 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031742/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | url-status = live }}</ref> E dey work by decreasing de production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by about 70% insyd serum, 90% insyd prostate.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Zito PM, Bistas KG, Patel P, Syed K | date = 2026 | chapter = Finasteride | title = StatPearls | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | pmid = 30020701 | chapter-url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513329/ | access-date = 2026-07-24 | place = Treasure Island (FL) }}</ref> Insyd addition to DHT, finasteride sanso dey inhibit de production of several anticonvulsant neurosteroids wey dey include allopregnanolone, androstanediol, den tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Samba Reddy D, Ramanathan G | title = Finasteride inhibits the disease-modifying activity of progesterone in the hippocampus kindling model of epileptogenesis | journal = Epilepsy & Behavior | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 92–97 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22835430 | pmc = 3444667 | doi = 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.05.024 }}</ref> Adverse effects from finasteride be rare insyd men plus already enlarged prostates;<ref name="Tacklind_2010">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ | title = Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2010 | issue = 10 | article-number = CD006015 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20927745 | pmc = 8908761 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006015.pub3 }}</ref> however, sam men experience sexual dysfunction, [[depression (mood)|depression]], den [[gynecomastia|breast enlargement]].<ref name="Zakhem_2019">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Zakhem GA, Goldberg JE, Motosko CC, Cohen BE, Ho RS | title = Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 81 | issue = 1 | pages = 163–172 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 30905792 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043 | s2cid = 85497115 }}</ref><ref name="Varothai_2014">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Varothai S, Bergfeld WF | title = Androgenetic alopecia: an evidence-based treatment update | journal = American Journal of Clinical Dermatology | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 217–230 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24848508 | doi = 10.1007/s40257-014-0077-5 | s2cid = 31245042 }}</ref> Insyd sam men, sexual dysfunction fi persist after stopping de medication.<ref name="Zakhem_2019a">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Zakhem GA, Goldberg JE, Motosko CC, Cohen BE, Ho RS | title = Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 81 | issue = 1 | pages = 163–172 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 30905792 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043 | s2cid = 85497115 | quote = In studies addressing reversibility, most of these patients have resolution of sexual adverse effects after discontinuation of finasteride, and many have improvement of adverse effects over time with continued finasteride use. However, some studies describe a subset of patients with persistent adverse effects after discontinuation... Level 1 evidence evaluating sexual dysfunction as a primary outcome was available for finasteride. }}</ref><ref name="Traish_2020">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Traish AM | title = Post-finasteride syndrome: a surmountable challenge for clinicians | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 113 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–50 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 32033719 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.030 | s2cid = 211064052 | doi-access = free }}</ref> E sanso fi hide de early symptoms of certain forms of [[prostate cancer]].<ref name="Varothai_2014" /> Finasteride be patented insyd 1984 wey dem approve am for medical use insyd 1992.<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR | title = Analogue-based Drug Discovery | page = 483 | date = 2006 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA483 | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | isbn = 978-3-527-60749-5 | access-date = 7 May 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031701/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA483 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication.<ref name="Sataloff_2015">{{Cite book | vauthors = Sataloff RT, Sclafani AP | title = Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | pages = 400– | date = 30 November 2015 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA400 | publisher = JP Medical Ltd | isbn = 978-93-5152-459-5 | access-date = 4 December 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031702/https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA400 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 91st most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 7{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top300Drugs">{{cite web | title=Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = Finasteride Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Finasteride | access-date = 18 August 2025 | website = ClinCalc }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] iuorb4a1aubjivwinib893somiaaq06 108112 108111 2026-07-29T19:05:55Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Finasteride''', dem sell under de brand names '''Proscar''' (5 mg) den '''Propecia''' (1 mg) among odas, be a medication dem use to treat pattern hair loss den benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web | title = Finasteride Monograph for Professionals | url = https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002456/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html | archive-date = 25 August 2018 | access-date = 5 March 2019 | website = Drugs.com | publisher = American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat excessive hair growth insyd women.<ref name="BlumePeytavi_2008">{{Cite book | vauthors = Blume-Peytavi U, Whiting DA, Trüeb RM | title = Hair Growth and Disorders | page = 369 | date = 26 June 2008 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | isbn = 978-3-540-46911-7 | access-date = 10 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031700/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&pg=PA369 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> E usually be taken orally buh der be topical formulations give patients plus hair loss, dem design to minimize systemic exposure by acting specifically on hair follicles.<ref name="Piraccini_2022">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Piraccini BM, Blume-Peytavi U, Scarci F, Jansat JM, Falqués M, Otero R, Tamarit ML, Galván J, Tebbs V, Massana E | title = Efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray solution for male androgenetic alopecia: a phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 36 | issue = 2 | pages = 286–294 | date = February 2022 | pmid = 34634163 | pmc = 9297965 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.17738 }}</ref> Finasteride be a 5α-reductase inhibitor den therefore an antiandrogen.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF | date = 2014 | title = Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | page = 580 | isbn = 978-0-323-08430-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | access-date = 7 May 2020 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031742/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA580 | url-status = live }}</ref> E dey work by decreasing de production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by about 70% insyd serum, 90% insyd prostate.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Zito PM, Bistas KG, Patel P, Syed K | date = 2026 | chapter = Finasteride | title = StatPearls | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | pmid = 30020701 | chapter-url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513329/ | access-date = 2026-07-24 | place = Treasure Island (FL) }}</ref> Insyd addition to DHT, finasteride sanso dey inhibit de production of several anticonvulsant neurosteroids wey dey include allopregnanolone, androstanediol, den tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Samba Reddy D, Ramanathan G | title = Finasteride inhibits the disease-modifying activity of progesterone in the hippocampus kindling model of epileptogenesis | journal = Epilepsy & Behavior | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 92–97 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22835430 | pmc = 3444667 | doi = 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.05.024 }}</ref> Adverse effects from finasteride be rare insyd men plus already enlarged prostates;<ref name="Tacklind_2010">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ | title = Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2010 | issue = 10 | article-number = CD006015 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20927745 | pmc = 8908761 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006015.pub3 }}</ref> however, sam men experience sexual dysfunction, [[depression (mood)|depression]], den [[gynecomastia|breast enlargement]].<ref name="Zakhem_2019">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Zakhem GA, Goldberg JE, Motosko CC, Cohen BE, Ho RS | title = Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 81 | issue = 1 | pages = 163–172 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 30905792 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043 | s2cid = 85497115 }}</ref><ref name="Varothai_2014">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Varothai S, Bergfeld WF | title = Androgenetic alopecia: an evidence-based treatment update | journal = American Journal of Clinical Dermatology | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 217–230 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24848508 | doi = 10.1007/s40257-014-0077-5 | s2cid = 31245042 }}</ref> Insyd sam men, sexual dysfunction fi persist after stopping de medication.<ref name="Zakhem_2019a">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Zakhem GA, Goldberg JE, Motosko CC, Cohen BE, Ho RS | title = Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 81 | issue = 1 | pages = 163–172 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 30905792 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043 | s2cid = 85497115 | quote = In studies addressing reversibility, most of these patients have resolution of sexual adverse effects after discontinuation of finasteride, and many have improvement of adverse effects over time with continued finasteride use. However, some studies describe a subset of patients with persistent adverse effects after discontinuation... Level 1 evidence evaluating sexual dysfunction as a primary outcome was available for finasteride. }}</ref><ref name="Traish_2020">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Traish AM | title = Post-finasteride syndrome: a surmountable challenge for clinicians | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 113 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–50 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 32033719 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.030 | s2cid = 211064052 | doi-access = free }}</ref> E sanso fi hide de early symptoms of certain forms of [[prostate cancer]].<ref name="Varothai_2014" /> Finasteride be patented insyd 1984 wey dem approve am for medical use insyd 1992.<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR | title = Analogue-based Drug Discovery | page = 483 | date = 2006 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA483 | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | isbn = 978-3-527-60749-5 | access-date = 7 May 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031701/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA483 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication.<ref name="Sataloff_2015">{{Cite book | vauthors = Sataloff RT, Sclafani AP | title = Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | pages = 400– | date = 30 November 2015 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA400 | publisher = JP Medical Ltd | isbn = 978-93-5152-459-5 | access-date = 4 December 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230110031702/https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA400 | archive-date = 10 January 2023 | url-status = live }}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 91st most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 7{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top300Drugs">{{cite web | title=Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = Finasteride Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Finasteride | access-date = 18 August 2025 | website = ClinCalc }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} [[Category:5α-Reductase inhibitors]] [[Category:Androstanes]] [[Category:Drugs wey Merck & Co. develop]] [[Category:Carboxamides]] [[Category:Hair loss medications]] [[Category:Hair removal]] [[Category:Delta-lactams]] [[Category:Teratogens]] [[Category:Tert-butyl compounds]] [[Category:Heterocyclic compounds plus 4 rings]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] fkndy3vcvuc0awukwhawf64dt1rsg3l 14 29043 108113 2026-07-29T19:06:29Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108113 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 29044 108114 2026-07-29T19:06:40Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108114 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 29045 108115 2026-07-29T19:21:41Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1501250|Clindamycin]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 108115 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 108116 108115 2026-07-29T20:08:58Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clindamycin''' be a lincosamide antibiotic medication dem use for de treatment of a number of bacterial infections, wey dey include osteomyelitis (bone) anaa joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], acute otitis media (middle ear infections), den endocarditis.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web |title=Clindamycin (Systemic) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clindamycin-systemic.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=19 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812002904/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clindamycin-systemic.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat acne,<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006/> den sam cases of methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA).<ref name=Daum2007>{{cite journal |vauthors=Daum RS |title=Clinical practice. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=4 |pages=380–90 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17652653 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070747}}</ref> In combination plus [[quinine]], e fi be used to treat [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006/> E be available by mouth, by injection into a vein, den as a cream anaa a gel to be applied to de skin anaa insyd de vagina.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Leyden JJ |title=Hidradenitis suppurativa |date=2006 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-540-33101-8 |page=152 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hpKFsXwcKlgC&pg=PA152 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162632/https://books.google.com/books?id=hpKFsXwcKlgC&pg=PA152 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Xaciato FDA label">{{cite web | title=Xaciato- clindamycin phosphate gel | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1f55f371-a27d-4331-815b-d8a90874223a | access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Clindamycin phosphate- clindamycin phosphate gel usp, 1% gel | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ac21d7ad-f94e-4d57-95e3-1648add7ad0b | access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | title=Daré Announces FDA Approval of Xaciato (clindamycin phosphate) Vaginal Gel as a Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis | website=Daré Bioscience | date=7 December 2021 | url=https://darebioscience.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/dare-announces-fda-approval-xaciatotm-clindamycin-phosphate | access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == jj30f7awe4rahzkoxrjqr28ylnzt6zy 108119 108116 2026-07-29T23:18:07Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clindamycin''' be a lincosamide antibiotic medication dem use for de treatment of a number of bacterial infections, wey dey include osteomyelitis (bone) anaa joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], acute otitis media (middle ear infections), den endocarditis.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web |title=Clindamycin (Systemic) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clindamycin-systemic.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=19 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812002904/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clindamycin-systemic.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat acne,<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006/> den sam cases of methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA).<ref name=Daum2007>{{cite journal |vauthors=Daum RS |title=Clinical practice. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=4 |pages=380–90 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17652653 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070747}}</ref> In combination plus [[quinine]], e fi be used to treat [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006/> E be available by mouth, by injection into a vein, den as a cream anaa a gel to be applied to de skin anaa insyd de vagina.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Leyden JJ |title=Hidradenitis suppurativa |date=2006 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-540-33101-8 |page=152 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hpKFsXwcKlgC&pg=PA152 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162632/https://books.google.com/books?id=hpKFsXwcKlgC&pg=PA152 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Xaciato FDA label">{{cite web | title=Xaciato- clindamycin phosphate gel | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1f55f371-a27d-4331-815b-d8a90874223a | access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Clindamycin phosphate- clindamycin phosphate gel usp, 1% gel | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ac21d7ad-f94e-4d57-95e3-1648add7ad0b | access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | title=Daré Announces FDA Approval of Xaciato (clindamycin phosphate) Vaginal Gel as a Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis | website=Daré Bioscience | date=7 December 2021 | url=https://darebioscience.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/dare-announces-fda-approval-xaciatotm-clindamycin-phosphate | access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref> Common side effects dey include nausea den vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, den pain at de site of injection.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey increase de risk of hospital-acquired ''Clostridioides difficile'' colitis about fourfold den thus only be recommended for use wen oda antibiotics no be appropriate.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name=Thomas>{{cite journal |vauthors=Thomas C, Stevenson M, Riley TV |title=Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review |journal=J Antimicrob Chemother |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=1339–50 |year=2003 |pmid=12746372 |doi=10.1093/jac/dkg254 |doi-access=free | title-link=doi }}</ref> E dey appear to be generally safe insyd [[pregnancy]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> E be of de lincosamide class den dey work by blocking bacteria from making protein.<ref name=AHFS2015/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] pl8k2h5tw4a44y3c6dfrhw7st7dm5ll 108120 108119 2026-07-29T23:21:43Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clindamycin''' be a lincosamide antibiotic medication dem use for de treatment of a number of bacterial infections, wey dey include osteomyelitis (bone) anaa joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], acute otitis media (middle ear infections), den endocarditis.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web |title=Clindamycin (Systemic) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clindamycin-systemic.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=19 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812002904/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clindamycin-systemic.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat acne,<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006/> den sam cases of methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA).<ref name=Daum2007>{{cite journal |vauthors=Daum RS |title=Clinical practice. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=4 |pages=380–90 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17652653 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070747}}</ref> In combination plus [[quinine]], e fi be used to treat [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006/> E be available by mouth, by injection into a vein, den as a cream anaa a gel to be applied to de skin anaa insyd de vagina.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Leyden JJ |title=Hidradenitis suppurativa |date=2006 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-540-33101-8 |page=152 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hpKFsXwcKlgC&pg=PA152 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162632/https://books.google.com/books?id=hpKFsXwcKlgC&pg=PA152 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Xaciato FDA label">{{cite web | title=Xaciato- clindamycin phosphate gel | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1f55f371-a27d-4331-815b-d8a90874223a | access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Clindamycin phosphate- clindamycin phosphate gel usp, 1% gel | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ac21d7ad-f94e-4d57-95e3-1648add7ad0b | access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | title=Daré Announces FDA Approval of Xaciato (clindamycin phosphate) Vaginal Gel as a Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis | website=Daré Bioscience | date=7 December 2021 | url=https://darebioscience.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/dare-announces-fda-approval-xaciatotm-clindamycin-phosphate | access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref> Common side effects dey include nausea den vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, den pain at de site of injection.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey increase de risk of hospital-acquired ''Clostridioides difficile'' colitis about fourfold den thus only be recommended for use wen oda antibiotics no be appropriate.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name=Thomas>{{cite journal |vauthors=Thomas C, Stevenson M, Riley TV |title=Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review |journal=J Antimicrob Chemother |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=1339–50 |year=2003 |pmid=12746372 |doi=10.1093/jac/dkg254 |doi-access=free | title-link=doi }}</ref> E dey appear to be generally safe insyd [[pregnancy]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> E be of de lincosamide class den dey work by blocking bacteria from making protein.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Na dem first make clindamycin insyd 1966 from lincomycin.<ref name=Sm1998>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smieja M |date=January 1998|title=Current indications for the use of clindamycin: A critical review|journal=The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases|volume=9|issue=1|pages=22–8|pmc=3250868|pmid=22346533|doi=10.1155/1998/538090|doi-access=free | title-link=doi }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Neonatal Formulary: Drug Use in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-81951-7|page=162|edition= 7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EORvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162632/https://books.google.com/books?id=EORvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO22nd">{{cite book | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) | year = 2021 | hdl = 10665/345533 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication.<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book | vauthors = Hamilton R |title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition |date=2015 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |isbn=978-1-284-05756-0 |page=108 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=29 June 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals | access-date=29 June 2023 | archive-date=29 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629233651/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals }}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 149th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 3{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top 300">{{cite web | title=Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Clindamycin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Clindamycin | access-date = 18 August 2025 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] hvg0w429m2z8s0cfbgjwigfzfkc3aj1 108121 108120 2026-07-29T23:26:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clindamycin''' be a lincosamide antibiotic medication dem use for de treatment of a number of bacterial infections, wey dey include osteomyelitis (bone) anaa joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, strep throat, [[pneumonia]], acute otitis media (middle ear infections), den endocarditis.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web |title=Clindamycin (Systemic) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clindamycin-systemic.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=19 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812002904/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clindamycin-systemic.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 }}</ref> E sanso fi be used to treat acne,<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006/> den sam cases of methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA).<ref name=Daum2007>{{cite journal |vauthors=Daum RS |title=Clinical practice. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=4 |pages=380–90 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17652653 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070747}}</ref> In combination plus [[quinine]], e fi be used to treat [[malaria]].<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006/> E be available by mouth, by injection into a vein, den as a cream anaa a gel to be applied to de skin anaa insyd de vagina.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=Ley2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Leyden JJ |title=Hidradenitis suppurativa |date=2006 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-540-33101-8 |page=152 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hpKFsXwcKlgC&pg=PA152 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162632/https://books.google.com/books?id=hpKFsXwcKlgC&pg=PA152 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Xaciato FDA label">{{cite web | title=Xaciato- clindamycin phosphate gel | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1f55f371-a27d-4331-815b-d8a90874223a | access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Clindamycin phosphate- clindamycin phosphate gel usp, 1% gel | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ac21d7ad-f94e-4d57-95e3-1648add7ad0b | access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | title=Daré Announces FDA Approval of Xaciato (clindamycin phosphate) Vaginal Gel as a Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis | website=Daré Bioscience | date=7 December 2021 | url=https://darebioscience.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/dare-announces-fda-approval-xaciatotm-clindamycin-phosphate | access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref> Common side effects dey include nausea den vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, den pain at de site of injection.<ref name=AHFS2015/> E dey increase de risk of hospital-acquired ''Clostridioides difficile'' colitis about fourfold den thus only be recommended for use wen oda antibiotics no be appropriate.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name=Thomas>{{cite journal |vauthors=Thomas C, Stevenson M, Riley TV |title=Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review |journal=J Antimicrob Chemother |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=1339–50 |year=2003 |pmid=12746372 |doi=10.1093/jac/dkg254 |doi-access=free | title-link=doi }}</ref> E dey appear to be generally safe insyd [[pregnancy]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> E be of de lincosamide class den dey work by blocking bacteria from making protein.<ref name=AHFS2015/> Na dem first make clindamycin insyd 1966 from lincomycin.<ref name=Sm1998>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smieja M |date=January 1998|title=Current indications for the use of clindamycin: A critical review|journal=The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases|volume=9|issue=1|pages=22–8|pmc=3250868|pmid=22346533|doi=10.1155/1998/538090|doi-access=free | title-link=doi }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Neonatal Formulary: Drug Use in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-81951-7|page=162|edition= 7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EORvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162632/https://books.google.com/books?id=EORvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<ref name="WHO22nd">{{cite book | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) | year = 2021 | hdl = 10665/345533 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> E be available as a generic medication.<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book | vauthors = Hamilton R |title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition |date=2015 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |isbn=978-1-284-05756-0 |page=108 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=29 June 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals | access-date=29 June 2023 | archive-date=29 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629233651/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals }}</ref> Insyd 2023, na e be de 149th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de [[United States]], plus more dan 3{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top 300">{{cite web | title=Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Clindamycin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Clindamycin | access-date = 18 August 2025 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * Clinical trial number ''[https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04370548 NCT04370548]'' for "DARE-BV1 in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis (DARE-BVFREE)" at ClinicalTrials.gov [[Category:Anti-acne preparations]] [[Category:Carboxamides]] [[Category:Lincosamides]] [[Category:Organochlorides]] [[Category:Drugs wey Pfizer develop]] [[Category:Methylthio compounds]] [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ran9m8new9hnvm0v8da6tlevijlbp7o 14 29046 108122 2026-07-29T23:27:28Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108122 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 29047 108123 2026-07-29T23:27:40Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108123 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 29048 108124 2026-07-29T23:33:07Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1502089|Fragile X syndrome]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 108124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 108125 108124 2026-07-29T23:33:16Z DaSupremo 9 Fix references, Expand infobox #mdwiki .toolforge.org. 108125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 2un0thzwn5g0ewh1pp2jzanep3but5f 108126 108125 2026-07-29T23:40:54Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fragile X syndrome''' ('''FXS''') be a [[genetic disorder|genetic]] neurodevelopmental disorder.<ref name="NIH2012GHR">{{cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome/|title=fragile X syndrome|date=April 2012|website=Genetics Home Reference|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009162713/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/fragile-x-syndrome|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=7 October 2016}}</ref> De average IQ insyd males plus FXS be under 55, while affected females tend to be insyd de borderline to normal range, typically around 70–85.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Raspa M, Wheeler AC, Riley C | title = Public Health Literature Review of Fragile X Syndrome | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 139 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = S153–S171 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28814537 | pmc = 5621610 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2016-1159C }}</ref><ref name = data>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|title=Data and Statistics Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)|date=2018-08-09|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2018-11-05|language=en-us|archive-date=2019-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013033336/https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Physical features fi include a long den narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, den large testicles.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> About a third of those wey be affected get features of [[autism]] such as problems plus social interactions den delayed speech.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Hyperactivity be common, wey seizures dey occur insyd about 10%.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Males usually be more affected dan females.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == o0gnwyksdbsdwohk1xq4j0t35jrvcpq 108127 108126 2026-07-29T23:46:28Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fragile X syndrome''' ('''FXS''') be a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder.<ref name="NIH2012GHR">{{cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome/|title=fragile X syndrome|date=April 2012|website=Genetics Home Reference|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009162713/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/fragile-x-syndrome|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=7 October 2016}}</ref> De average IQ insyd males plus FXS be under 55, while affected females tend to be insyd de borderline to normal range, typically around 70–85.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Raspa M, Wheeler AC, Riley C | title = Public Health Literature Review of Fragile X Syndrome | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 139 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = S153–S171 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28814537 | pmc = 5621610 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2016-1159C }}</ref><ref name = data>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|title=Data and Statistics Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)|date=2018-08-09|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2018-11-05|language=en-us|archive-date=2019-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013033336/https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Physical features fi include a long den narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, den large testicles.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> About a third of those wey be affected get features of [[autism]] such as problems plus social interactions den delayed speech.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Hyperactivity be common, wey seizures dey occur insyd about 10%.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Males usually be more affected dan females.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Dis disorder den finding of fragile X syndrome get an X-linked dominant inheritance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fragile X syndrome |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome/#inheritance |website=MedlinePlus |publisher=NIH |access-date=15 February 2025 |ref=MedlinePlusNIH}}</ref> E be typically caused by an expansion of de CGG triplet repeat within de ''FMR1'' (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) gene on de X chromosome.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> Dis dey result in silencing (methylation) of dis part of de gene den a deficiency of de resultant protein (FMRP), wich be required for de normal development of connections between neurons.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> Diagnosis dey require genetic testing to determine de number of CGG repeats insyd de ''FMR1'' gene.<ref name="ACMG2016" /> Normally, der be between 5 den 40 repeats; fragile X syndrome dey occur plus more dan 200.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> A premutation be said to be present wen de gene get between 55 den 200 repeats; females plus a premutation get an increased risk of having an affected kiddie.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Testing for premutation carriers fi allow for genetic counseling.<ref name=ACMG2016>{{cite web|title=Technical Standards and Guidelines for Fragile X|url=https://www.acmg.net/Pages/ACMG_Activities/stds-2002/fx.htm|website=www.acmg.net|access-date=10 May 2017|date=2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012163824/http://www.acmg.net/Pages/ACMG_Activities/stds-2002/fx.htm|archive-date=12 October 2016}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] jo2uo2p184540nzg245qrvz9p66trmd 108128 108127 2026-07-29T23:50:38Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fragile X syndrome''' ('''FXS''') be a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder.<ref name="NIH2012GHR">{{cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome/|title=fragile X syndrome|date=April 2012|website=Genetics Home Reference|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009162713/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/fragile-x-syndrome|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=7 October 2016}}</ref> De average IQ insyd males plus FXS be under 55, while affected females tend to be insyd de borderline to normal range, typically around 70–85.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Raspa M, Wheeler AC, Riley C | title = Public Health Literature Review of Fragile X Syndrome | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 139 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = S153–S171 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28814537 | pmc = 5621610 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2016-1159C }}</ref><ref name = data>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|title=Data and Statistics Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)|date=2018-08-09|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2018-11-05|language=en-us|archive-date=2019-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013033336/https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Physical features fi include a long den narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, den large testicles.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> About a third of those wey be affected get features of [[autism]] such as problems plus social interactions den delayed speech.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Hyperactivity be common, wey seizures dey occur insyd about 10%.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Males usually be more affected dan females.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Dis disorder den finding of fragile X syndrome get an X-linked dominant inheritance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fragile X syndrome |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome/#inheritance |website=MedlinePlus |publisher=NIH |access-date=15 February 2025 |ref=MedlinePlusNIH}}</ref> E be typically caused by an expansion of de CGG triplet repeat within de ''FMR1'' (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) gene on de X chromosome.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> Dis dey result in silencing (methylation) of dis part of de gene den a deficiency of de resultant protein (FMRP), wich be required for de normal development of connections between neurons.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> Diagnosis dey require genetic testing to determine de number of CGG repeats insyd de ''FMR1'' gene.<ref name="ACMG2016" /> Normally, der be between 5 den 40 repeats; fragile X syndrome dey occur plus more dan 200.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> A premutation be said to be present wen de gene get between 55 den 200 repeats; females plus a premutation get an increased risk of having an affected kiddie.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Testing for premutation carriers fi allow for genetic counseling.<ref name=ACMG2016>{{cite web|title=Technical Standards and Guidelines for Fragile X|url=https://www.acmg.net/Pages/ACMG_Activities/stds-2002/fx.htm|website=www.acmg.net|access-date=10 May 2017|date=2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012163824/http://www.acmg.net/Pages/ACMG_Activities/stds-2002/fx.htm|archive-date=12 October 2016}}</ref> Der be no cure anaa approved medications for treating de condition.<ref name="Hagerman 2025">{{cite journal |last1=Hagerman |first1=Randi Jenssen |last2=Hagerman |first2=Paul J. |title=The Spectrum of Fragile X Disorders |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=17 July 2025 |volume=393 |issue=3 |pages=281–288 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra2300487 |pmid=40673587 }}</ref><ref name=CDC2017>{{cite web|title= What is Fragile X Syndrome?|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/facts.html|website= National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities |location = US | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=10 May 2017|language=en-us|date=3 June 2022 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510171238/https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/facts.html|archive-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Early intervention be recommended, as e dey provide de most opportunity for developing a full range of skills.<ref name=NIH2016Tx>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/treatments|title=What are the treatments for Fragile X syndrome?|website=www.nichd.nih.gov|access-date=2016-11-21|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121233205/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/Pages/treatments.aspx|archive-date=2016-11-21}}</ref> Dese interventions fi include special education, occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy, anaa behavioral therapy.<ref name=CDC2017/><ref>{{cite web|title=Therapy Treatments|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/therapytreatments|website=NICHD|access-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505024156/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/Pages/therapytreatments.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> Medications fi be used to treat associated anxiety, seizures, mood problems, aggressive behavior, anaa ADHD.<ref>{{cite web|title=Medication Treatments|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/medicationtreatments|website=NICHD|access-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505024215/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/Pages/medicationtreatments.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> Fragile X syndrome dey tend to show more symptoms on affected males since females get anoda X chromosome wich fi compensate for de damaged one.<ref name = data/><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Fragile-X syndrome? |url=https://www.yourgenome.org/theme/what-is-fragile-x-syndrome/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=@yourgenome · Science website |language=en-GB}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] bxiwp5okn6krl7ckyuynprtbbodgzrs 108129 108128 2026-07-29T23:58:51Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fragile X syndrome''' ('''FXS''') be a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder.<ref name="NIH2012GHR">{{cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome/|title=fragile X syndrome|date=April 2012|website=Genetics Home Reference|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009162713/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/fragile-x-syndrome|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=7 October 2016}}</ref> De average IQ insyd males plus FXS be under 55, while affected females tend to be insyd de borderline to normal range, typically around 70–85.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Raspa M, Wheeler AC, Riley C | title = Public Health Literature Review of Fragile X Syndrome | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 139 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = S153–S171 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28814537 | pmc = 5621610 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2016-1159C }}</ref><ref name = data>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|title=Data and Statistics Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)|date=2018-08-09|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2018-11-05|language=en-us|archive-date=2019-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013033336/https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Physical features fi include a long den narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, den large testicles.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> About a third of those wey be affected get features of [[autism]] such as problems plus social interactions den delayed speech.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Hyperactivity be common, wey seizures dey occur insyd about 10%.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Males usually be more affected dan females.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Dis disorder den finding of fragile X syndrome get an X-linked dominant inheritance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fragile X syndrome |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome/#inheritance |website=MedlinePlus |publisher=NIH |access-date=15 February 2025 |ref=MedlinePlusNIH}}</ref> E be typically caused by an expansion of de CGG triplet repeat within de ''FMR1'' (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) gene on de X chromosome.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> Dis dey result in silencing (methylation) of dis part of de gene den a deficiency of de resultant protein (FMRP), wich be required for de normal development of connections between neurons.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> Diagnosis dey require genetic testing to determine de number of CGG repeats insyd de ''FMR1'' gene.<ref name="ACMG2016" /> Normally, der be between 5 den 40 repeats; fragile X syndrome dey occur plus more dan 200.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> A premutation be said to be present wen de gene get between 55 den 200 repeats; females plus a premutation get an increased risk of having an affected kiddie.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Testing for premutation carriers fi allow for genetic counseling.<ref name=ACMG2016>{{cite web|title=Technical Standards and Guidelines for Fragile X|url=https://www.acmg.net/Pages/ACMG_Activities/stds-2002/fx.htm|website=www.acmg.net|access-date=10 May 2017|date=2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012163824/http://www.acmg.net/Pages/ACMG_Activities/stds-2002/fx.htm|archive-date=12 October 2016}}</ref> Der be no cure anaa approved medications for treating de condition.<ref name="Hagerman 2025">{{cite journal |last1=Hagerman |first1=Randi Jenssen |last2=Hagerman |first2=Paul J. |title=The Spectrum of Fragile X Disorders |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=17 July 2025 |volume=393 |issue=3 |pages=281–288 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra2300487 |pmid=40673587 }}</ref><ref name=CDC2017>{{cite web|title= What is Fragile X Syndrome?|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/facts.html|website= National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities |location = US | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=10 May 2017|language=en-us|date=3 June 2022 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510171238/https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/facts.html|archive-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Early intervention be recommended, as e dey provide de most opportunity for developing a full range of skills.<ref name=NIH2016Tx>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/treatments|title=What are the treatments for Fragile X syndrome?|website=www.nichd.nih.gov|access-date=2016-11-21|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121233205/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/Pages/treatments.aspx|archive-date=2016-11-21}}</ref> Dese interventions fi include special education, occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy, anaa behavioral therapy.<ref name=CDC2017/><ref>{{cite web|title=Therapy Treatments|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/therapytreatments|website=NICHD|access-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505024156/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/Pages/therapytreatments.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> Medications fi be used to treat associated anxiety, seizures, mood problems, aggressive behavior, anaa ADHD.<ref>{{cite web|title=Medication Treatments|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/medicationtreatments|website=NICHD|access-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505024215/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/Pages/medicationtreatments.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> Fragile X syndrome dey tend to show more symptoms on affected males since females get anoda X chromosome wich fi compensate for de damaged one.<ref name = data/><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Fragile-X syndrome? |url=https://www.yourgenome.org/theme/what-is-fragile-x-syndrome/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=@yourgenome · Science website |language=en-GB}}</ref> Fragile X syndrome be de most common cause of inherited [[intellectual disability]], wey dey affect an estimated 1 per 4,000 people. E sanso be de most common single gene cause of autism.<ref name="Hagerman 2025"/> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/single_gene/fragilex.htm CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities] * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1384/ Gene Reviews] {{Pervasive developmental disorders}} {{Autism resources}} {{Nonverbal communication|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Genetics of autism]] [[Category:Syndromes plus intellectual disabilities]] [[Category:Rare genetic syndromes]] [[Category:Syndromes wey dey affect de eye]] [[Category:Syndromes wey dey affect de nervous system]] [[Category:Syndromes plus craniofacial abnormalities]] [[Category:Trinucleotide repeat disorders]] [[Category:X-linked dominant disorders]] [[Category:Neurogenetic disorders]] [[Category:Syndromic autism]] [[Category:Syndromes plus ADHD]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] hoj0fqq34w877u43vd5k0l7p3qqqp4m 108130 108129 2026-07-29T23:59:41Z DaSupremo 9 Add category 108130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fragile X syndrome''' ('''FXS''') be a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder.<ref name="NIH2012GHR">{{cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome/|title=fragile X syndrome|date=April 2012|website=Genetics Home Reference|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009162713/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/fragile-x-syndrome|archive-date=9 October 2016|access-date=7 October 2016}}</ref> De average IQ insyd males plus FXS be under 55, while affected females tend to be insyd de borderline to normal range, typically around 70–85.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Raspa M, Wheeler AC, Riley C | title = Public Health Literature Review of Fragile X Syndrome | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 139 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = S153–S171 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28814537 | pmc = 5621610 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2016-1159C }}</ref><ref name = data>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|title=Data and Statistics Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)|date=2018-08-09|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2018-11-05|language=en-us|archive-date=2019-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013033336/https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/data.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Physical features fi include a long den narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, den large testicles.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> About a third of those wey be affected get features of [[autism]] such as problems plus social interactions den delayed speech.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Hyperactivity be common, wey seizures dey occur insyd about 10%.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Males usually be more affected dan females.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Dis disorder den finding of fragile X syndrome get an X-linked dominant inheritance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fragile X syndrome |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome/#inheritance |website=MedlinePlus |publisher=NIH |access-date=15 February 2025 |ref=MedlinePlusNIH}}</ref> E be typically caused by an expansion of de CGG triplet repeat within de ''FMR1'' (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) gene on de X chromosome.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> Dis dey result in silencing (methylation) of dis part of de gene den a deficiency of de resultant protein (FMRP), wich be required for de normal development of connections between neurons.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> Diagnosis dey require genetic testing to determine de number of CGG repeats insyd de ''FMR1'' gene.<ref name="ACMG2016" /> Normally, der be between 5 den 40 repeats; fragile X syndrome dey occur plus more dan 200.<ref name="NIH2012GHR" /> A premutation be said to be present wen de gene get between 55 den 200 repeats; females plus a premutation get an increased risk of having an affected kiddie.<ref name=NIH2012GHR/> Testing for premutation carriers fi allow for genetic counseling.<ref name=ACMG2016>{{cite web|title=Technical Standards and Guidelines for Fragile X|url=https://www.acmg.net/Pages/ACMG_Activities/stds-2002/fx.htm|website=www.acmg.net|access-date=10 May 2017|date=2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012163824/http://www.acmg.net/Pages/ACMG_Activities/stds-2002/fx.htm|archive-date=12 October 2016}}</ref> Der be no cure anaa approved medications for treating de condition.<ref name="Hagerman 2025">{{cite journal |last1=Hagerman |first1=Randi Jenssen |last2=Hagerman |first2=Paul J. |title=The Spectrum of Fragile X Disorders |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=17 July 2025 |volume=393 |issue=3 |pages=281–288 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra2300487 |pmid=40673587 }}</ref><ref name=CDC2017>{{cite web|title= What is Fragile X Syndrome?|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/facts.html|website= National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities |location = US | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=10 May 2017|language=en-us|date=3 June 2022 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510171238/https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fxs/facts.html|archive-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Early intervention be recommended, as e dey provide de most opportunity for developing a full range of skills.<ref name=NIH2016Tx>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/treatments|title=What are the treatments for Fragile X syndrome?|website=www.nichd.nih.gov|access-date=2016-11-21|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121233205/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/Pages/treatments.aspx|archive-date=2016-11-21}}</ref> Dese interventions fi include special education, occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy, anaa behavioral therapy.<ref name=CDC2017/><ref>{{cite web|title=Therapy Treatments|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/therapytreatments|website=NICHD|access-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505024156/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/Pages/therapytreatments.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> Medications fi be used to treat associated anxiety, seizures, mood problems, aggressive behavior, anaa ADHD.<ref>{{cite web|title=Medication Treatments|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/medicationtreatments|website=NICHD|access-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505024215/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/Pages/medicationtreatments.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> Fragile X syndrome dey tend to show more symptoms on affected males since females get anoda X chromosome wich fi compensate for de damaged one.<ref name = data/><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Fragile-X syndrome? |url=https://www.yourgenome.org/theme/what-is-fragile-x-syndrome/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=@yourgenome · Science website |language=en-GB}}</ref> Fragile X syndrome be de most common cause of inherited [[intellectual disability]], wey dey affect an estimated 1 per 4,000 people. E sanso be de most common single gene cause of autism.<ref name="Hagerman 2025"/> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} * [https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/single_gene/fragilex.htm CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities] * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1384/ Gene Reviews] {{Pervasive developmental disorders}} {{Autism resources}} {{Nonverbal communication|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Genetics of autism]] [[Category:Syndromes plus intellectual disabilities]] [[Category:Rare genetic syndromes]] [[Category:Syndromes wey dey affect de eye]] [[Category:Syndromes wey dey affect de nervous system]] [[Category:Syndromes plus craniofacial abnormalities]] [[Category:Trinucleotide repeat disorders]] [[Category:X-linked dominant disorders]] [[Category:Neurogenetic disorders]] [[Category:Syndromic autism]] [[Category:Syndromes plus ADHD]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] [[Category:Diseases dem name after discoverers]] s3f5vv9em9ahb5fw4y3ta8w7m6u4f11 14 29049 108131 2026-07-30T00:01:48Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108131 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 29050 108135 2026-07-30T09:39:39Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456798|Uterine fibroid]] to:gpe #mdwikicx 108135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] r0gf7axtnvt68k0p85plnlehx64o08u 108136 108135 2026-07-30T09:47:40Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uterine fibroids''', dem sanso know as '''uterine leiomyomas''', '''fibromyoma''' anaa '''fibroids''', be benign smooth muscle tumors of de uterus, part of de female reproductive system.<ref name="Women2015" /> Chaw women plus fibroids no get symptoms, while odas fi get painful anaa heavy menstrual bleeding.<ref name="Women2015" /> If large enough, dem fi push on de bladder, wey dey cause a frequent need to urinate.<ref name="Women2015" /> Dem sanso fi cause pain during penetrative sex anaa lower back pain.<ref name="Women2015" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html|title=Uterine Fibroids {{!}} Fibroids {{!}} MedlinePlus|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en}}</ref> Sam bro fi get one uterine fibroid anaa chaw.<ref name="Women2015" /> E be uncommon buh possible say fibroids fi make am difficult to become [[Pregnancy|pregnant]].<ref name="Women2015">{{cite web|title=Uterine fibroids fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|website=Office on Women's Health|access-date=26 June 2015|date=January 15, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707115909/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] <references /> == External links == pbod0dur18l8h2gwtjwfger8gmt9o63 108137 108136 2026-07-30T09:49:36Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uterine fibroids''', dem sanso know as '''uterine leiomyomas''', '''fibromyoma''' anaa '''fibroids''', be benign smooth muscle tumors of de uterus, part of de female reproductive system.<ref name="Women2015" /> Chaw women plus fibroids no get symptoms, while odas fi get painful anaa heavy menstrual bleeding.<ref name="Women2015" /> If large enough, dem fi push on de bladder, wey dey cause a frequent need to urinate.<ref name="Women2015" /> Dem sanso fi cause pain during penetrative sex anaa lower back pain.<ref name="Women2015" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html|title=Uterine Fibroids {{!}} Fibroids {{!}} MedlinePlus|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en}}</ref> Sam bro fi get one uterine fibroid anaa chaw.<ref name="Women2015" /> E be uncommon buh possible say fibroids fi make am difficult to become [[Pregnancy|pregnant]].<ref name="Women2015">{{cite web|title=Uterine fibroids fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|website=Office on Women's Health|access-date=26 June 2015|date=January 15, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707115909/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> De exact cause of uterine fibroids be unclear.<ref name=Women2015/> However, fibroids dey run insyd families den appear to be partly determined by hormone levels.<ref name=Women2015/> Risk factors dey include [[obesity]] den eating red meat.<ref name=Women2015/> Diagnosis fi be performed by pelvic examination anaa medical imaging.<ref name=Women2015/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] bvz19jguz7ubsdbjzdeexbco2alf41k 108138 108137 2026-07-30T09:54:07Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uterine fibroids''', dem sanso know as '''uterine leiomyomas''', '''fibromyoma''' anaa '''fibroids''', be benign smooth muscle tumors of de uterus, part of de female reproductive system.<ref name="Women2015" /> Chaw women plus fibroids no get symptoms, while odas fi get painful anaa heavy menstrual bleeding.<ref name="Women2015" /> If large enough, dem fi push on de bladder, wey dey cause a frequent need to urinate.<ref name="Women2015" /> Dem sanso fi cause pain during penetrative sex anaa lower back pain.<ref name="Women2015" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html|title=Uterine Fibroids {{!}} Fibroids {{!}} MedlinePlus|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en}}</ref> Sam bro fi get one uterine fibroid anaa chaw.<ref name="Women2015" /> E be uncommon buh possible say fibroids fi make am difficult to become [[Pregnancy|pregnant]].<ref name="Women2015">{{cite web|title=Uterine fibroids fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|website=Office on Women's Health|access-date=26 June 2015|date=January 15, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707115909/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> De exact cause of uterine fibroids be unclear.<ref name=Women2015/> However, fibroids dey run insyd families den appear to be partly determined by hormone levels.<ref name=Women2015/> Risk factors dey include [[obesity]] den eating red meat.<ref name=Women2015/> Diagnosis fi be performed by pelvic examination anaa medical imaging.<ref name=Women2015/> Treatment typically no be needed if der be no symptoms.<ref name=Women2015/> NSAIDs, such as [[ibuprofen]], den [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) fi help plus pain.<ref name=Women2015/><ref name="pmid26796059">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kashani BN, Centini G, Morelli SS, Weiss G, Petraglia F | title = Role of Medical Management for Uterine Leiomyomas | journal = Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol | volume = 34 | issue = | pages = 85–103 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 26796059 | doi = 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.016 | hdl=11365/1031597| hdl-access = free }}</ref> According to The Mayo Clinic, NSAIDs fi help relieve pain tied to fibroids. Still, dem no dey reduce bleeding wey be caused by fibroids as dem no be hormonal medicines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uterine fibroids - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-fibroids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354294#:~:text=Medicines%20called%20nonsteroidal%20anti-inflammatory,and%20naproxen%20sodium%20(Aleve). |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.mayoclinic.org |language=en}}</ref> Iron supplements fi be needed insyd those plus heavy periods.<ref name=Women2015/> Medications of de gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist class fi decrease de size of de fibroids buh dem be expensive den associated plus side effects.<ref name=Women2015/> If greater symptoms be present, surgery to remove de fibroid anaa uterus fi help.<ref name=Women2015/> Uterine artery embolization sanso fi help.<ref name=Women2015/> Cancerous versions of fibroids be very rare wey dem be known as leiomyosarcomas.<ref name=Women2015/> Dem no dey appear to develop from benign fibroids.<ref name=Women2015/> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ie9rsos5julylmvv8cwl8meesjwe8ff 108139 108138 2026-07-30T09:56:53Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uterine fibroids''', dem sanso know as '''uterine leiomyomas''', '''fibromyoma''' anaa '''fibroids''', be benign smooth muscle tumors of de uterus, part of de female reproductive system.<ref name="Women2015" /> Chaw women plus fibroids no get symptoms, while odas fi get painful anaa heavy menstrual bleeding.<ref name="Women2015" /> If large enough, dem fi push on de bladder, wey dey cause a frequent need to urinate.<ref name="Women2015" /> Dem sanso fi cause pain during penetrative sex anaa lower back pain.<ref name="Women2015" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html|title=Uterine Fibroids {{!}} Fibroids {{!}} MedlinePlus|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en}}</ref> Sam bro fi get one uterine fibroid anaa chaw.<ref name="Women2015" /> E be uncommon buh possible say fibroids fi make am difficult to become [[Pregnancy|pregnant]].<ref name="Women2015">{{cite web|title=Uterine fibroids fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|website=Office on Women's Health|access-date=26 June 2015|date=January 15, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707115909/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> De exact cause of uterine fibroids be unclear.<ref name=Women2015/> However, fibroids dey run insyd families den appear to be partly determined by hormone levels.<ref name=Women2015/> Risk factors dey include [[obesity]] den eating red meat.<ref name=Women2015/> Diagnosis fi be performed by pelvic examination anaa medical imaging.<ref name=Women2015/> Treatment typically no be needed if der be no symptoms.<ref name=Women2015/> NSAIDs, such as [[ibuprofen]], den [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) fi help plus pain.<ref name=Women2015/><ref name="pmid26796059">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kashani BN, Centini G, Morelli SS, Weiss G, Petraglia F | title = Role of Medical Management for Uterine Leiomyomas | journal = Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol | volume = 34 | issue = | pages = 85–103 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 26796059 | doi = 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.016 | hdl=11365/1031597| hdl-access = free }}</ref> According to The Mayo Clinic, NSAIDs fi help relieve pain tied to fibroids. Still, dem no dey reduce bleeding wey be caused by fibroids as dem no be hormonal medicines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uterine fibroids - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-fibroids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354294#:~:text=Medicines%20called%20nonsteroidal%20anti-inflammatory,and%20naproxen%20sodium%20(Aleve). |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.mayoclinic.org |language=en}}</ref> Iron supplements fi be needed insyd those plus heavy periods.<ref name=Women2015/> Medications of de gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist class fi decrease de size of de fibroids buh dem be expensive den associated plus side effects.<ref name=Women2015/> If greater symptoms be present, surgery to remove de fibroid anaa uterus fi help.<ref name=Women2015/> Uterine artery embolization sanso fi help.<ref name=Women2015/> Cancerous versions of fibroids be very rare wey dem be known as leiomyosarcomas.<ref name=Women2015/> Dem no dey appear to develop from benign fibroids.<ref name=Women2015/> About 20% to 80% of women dey develop fibroids by de age of 50.<ref name=Women2015/> Insyd 2013, na e be estimated say 171 million women be affected worldwide.<ref name=GBD2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=((Global Burden of Disease Study 2013))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=5 June 2015|pmid=26063472|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4|pmc=4561509|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800}}</ref> Dem be typically found during de middle den later reproductive years.<ref name=Women2015/> After [[menopause]], dem usually dey decrease in size.<ref name=Women2015/> Insyd de [[United States]], uterine fibroids be a common reason for surgical removal of de uterus.<ref name=Wall2004>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wallach EE, Vlahos NF | title = Uterine myomas: an overview of development, clinical features, and management | journal = Obstet Gynecol | volume = 104 | issue = 2 | pages = 393–406 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15292018 | doi = 10.1097/01.AOG.0000136079.62513.39 | s2cid = 45013410 }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] pybog315kg7ou0yf0en99fw8xpc674g 108140 108139 2026-07-30T10:04:12Z DaSupremo 9 /* Diagnosis */ Improve article 108140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uterine fibroids''', dem sanso know as '''uterine leiomyomas''', '''fibromyoma''' anaa '''fibroids''', be benign smooth muscle tumors of de uterus, part of de female reproductive system.<ref name="Women2015" /> Chaw women plus fibroids no get symptoms, while odas fi get painful anaa heavy menstrual bleeding.<ref name="Women2015" /> If large enough, dem fi push on de bladder, wey dey cause a frequent need to urinate.<ref name="Women2015" /> Dem sanso fi cause pain during penetrative sex anaa lower back pain.<ref name="Women2015" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html|title=Uterine Fibroids {{!}} Fibroids {{!}} MedlinePlus|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en}}</ref> Sam bro fi get one uterine fibroid anaa chaw.<ref name="Women2015" /> E be uncommon buh possible say fibroids fi make am difficult to become [[Pregnancy|pregnant]].<ref name="Women2015">{{cite web|title=Uterine fibroids fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|website=Office on Women's Health|access-date=26 June 2015|date=January 15, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707115909/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> De exact cause of uterine fibroids be unclear.<ref name=Women2015/> However, fibroids dey run insyd families den appear to be partly determined by hormone levels.<ref name=Women2015/> Risk factors dey include [[obesity]] den eating red meat.<ref name=Women2015/> Diagnosis fi be performed by pelvic examination anaa medical imaging.<ref name=Women2015/> Treatment typically no be needed if der be no symptoms.<ref name=Women2015/> NSAIDs, such as [[ibuprofen]], den [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) fi help plus pain.<ref name=Women2015/><ref name="pmid26796059">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kashani BN, Centini G, Morelli SS, Weiss G, Petraglia F | title = Role of Medical Management for Uterine Leiomyomas | journal = Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol | volume = 34 | issue = | pages = 85–103 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 26796059 | doi = 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.016 | hdl=11365/1031597| hdl-access = free }}</ref> According to The Mayo Clinic, NSAIDs fi help relieve pain tied to fibroids. Still, dem no dey reduce bleeding wey be caused by fibroids as dem no be hormonal medicines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uterine fibroids - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-fibroids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354294#:~:text=Medicines%20called%20nonsteroidal%20anti-inflammatory,and%20naproxen%20sodium%20(Aleve). |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.mayoclinic.org |language=en}}</ref> Iron supplements fi be needed insyd those plus heavy periods.<ref name=Women2015/> Medications of de gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist class fi decrease de size of de fibroids buh dem be expensive den associated plus side effects.<ref name=Women2015/> If greater symptoms be present, surgery to remove de fibroid anaa uterus fi help.<ref name=Women2015/> Uterine artery embolization sanso fi help.<ref name=Women2015/> Cancerous versions of fibroids be very rare wey dem be known as leiomyosarcomas.<ref name=Women2015/> Dem no dey appear to develop from benign fibroids.<ref name=Women2015/> About 20% to 80% of women dey develop fibroids by de age of 50.<ref name=Women2015/> Insyd 2013, na e be estimated say 171 million women be affected worldwide.<ref name=GBD2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=((Global Burden of Disease Study 2013))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=5 June 2015|pmid=26063472|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4|pmc=4561509|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800}}</ref> Dem be typically found during de middle den later reproductive years.<ref name=Women2015/> After [[menopause]], dem usually dey decrease in size.<ref name=Women2015/> Insyd de [[United States]], uterine fibroids be a common reason for surgical removal of de uterus.<ref name=Wall2004>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wallach EE, Vlahos NF | title = Uterine myomas: an overview of development, clinical features, and management | journal = Obstet Gynecol | volume = 104 | issue = 2 | pages = 393–406 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15292018 | doi = 10.1097/01.AOG.0000136079.62513.39 | s2cid = 45013410 }}</ref> ==Diagnosis== <gallery> File:9cmFibroidPelvicCongestionS.png|A very large (9&nbsp;cm) fibroid of de uterus wich be causing pelvic congestion syndrome as dem see on CT File:9cmFibroidUS.png|A very large (9&nbsp;cm) fibroid of de uterus, wich be causing pelvic congestion syndrome as dem see on ultrasound File:Leiomyoma of the Uterus.jpg|A relatively large submucosal leiomyoma; e dey fill out de major part of de endometrial cavity. File:UterineFirboid.png|A small uterine fibroid dem see within de wall of de myometrium on a cross-sectional ultrasound view File:Calcifiedfibroids.PNG|Two calcified fibroids (insyd de uterus) File:Subserosal uterine fibroid.png|A subserosal uterine fibroid plus a diameter of 5 centimeters File:Pelvic MRI 05 fibroids.jpg|MRI image plus multiple uterine leiomyomas File:Giant Myoma.jpg|Giant leiomyomas almost filling de abdomen File:Histopathology of uterine leiomyoma.jpg|Histopathology of uterine fibroids typically dey show smooth muscle insyd a whorled (fascicular) pattern.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/uterusleiomyoma.html|title=Uterus - Stromal tumors - Leiomyoma|author=Mohamed Mokhtar Desouki|website=pathology Outlines}} Topic Completed: 1 August 2011. Revised: 15 December 2019</ref> File:Histopathology of uterine leiomyoma (Van Gieson's stain).jpg|Dis variant of Van Gieson's stain dey distinguish muscle (yellow) from connective tissue (red). File:Beta-catenin immunohistochemistry in leiomyoma.jpg|Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin insyd uterine leiomyoma, wich be negative as der be only staining of cytoplasm buh no be of cell nuclei. </gallery> == References == <references /> == External links == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] eepd4utw1b2glrmbhver53sontgx29j 108141 108140 2026-07-30T10:06:00Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 108141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uterine fibroids''', dem sanso know as '''uterine leiomyomas''', '''fibromyoma''' anaa '''fibroids''', be benign smooth muscle tumors of de uterus, part of de female reproductive system.<ref name="Women2015" /> Chaw women plus fibroids no get symptoms, while odas fi get painful anaa heavy menstrual bleeding.<ref name="Women2015" /> If large enough, dem fi push on de bladder, wey dey cause a frequent need to urinate.<ref name="Women2015" /> Dem sanso fi cause pain during penetrative sex anaa lower back pain.<ref name="Women2015" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html|title=Uterine Fibroids {{!}} Fibroids {{!}} MedlinePlus|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en}}</ref> Sam bro fi get one uterine fibroid anaa chaw.<ref name="Women2015" /> E be uncommon buh possible say fibroids fi make am difficult to become [[Pregnancy|pregnant]].<ref name="Women2015">{{cite web|title=Uterine fibroids fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|website=Office on Women's Health|access-date=26 June 2015|date=January 15, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707115909/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterine-fibroids.html?from=AtoZ|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> De exact cause of uterine fibroids be unclear.<ref name=Women2015/> However, fibroids dey run insyd families den appear to be partly determined by hormone levels.<ref name=Women2015/> Risk factors dey include [[obesity]] den eating red meat.<ref name=Women2015/> Diagnosis fi be performed by pelvic examination anaa medical imaging.<ref name=Women2015/> Treatment typically no be needed if der be no symptoms.<ref name=Women2015/> NSAIDs, such as [[ibuprofen]], den [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) fi help plus pain.<ref name=Women2015/><ref name="pmid26796059">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kashani BN, Centini G, Morelli SS, Weiss G, Petraglia F | title = Role of Medical Management for Uterine Leiomyomas | journal = Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol | volume = 34 | issue = | pages = 85–103 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 26796059 | doi = 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.016 | hdl=11365/1031597| hdl-access = free }}</ref> According to The Mayo Clinic, NSAIDs fi help relieve pain tied to fibroids. Still, dem no dey reduce bleeding wey be caused by fibroids as dem no be hormonal medicines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uterine fibroids - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-fibroids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354294#:~:text=Medicines%20called%20nonsteroidal%20anti-inflammatory,and%20naproxen%20sodium%20(Aleve). |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.mayoclinic.org |language=en}}</ref> Iron supplements fi be needed insyd those plus heavy periods.<ref name=Women2015/> Medications of de gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist class fi decrease de size of de fibroids buh dem be expensive den associated plus side effects.<ref name=Women2015/> If greater symptoms be present, surgery to remove de fibroid anaa uterus fi help.<ref name=Women2015/> Uterine artery embolization sanso fi help.<ref name=Women2015/> Cancerous versions of fibroids be very rare wey dem be known as leiomyosarcomas.<ref name=Women2015/> Dem no dey appear to develop from benign fibroids.<ref name=Women2015/> About 20% to 80% of women dey develop fibroids by de age of 50.<ref name=Women2015/> Insyd 2013, na e be estimated say 171 million women be affected worldwide.<ref name=GBD2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=((Global Burden of Disease Study 2013))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=5 June 2015|pmid=26063472|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4|pmc=4561509|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800}}</ref> Dem be typically found during de middle den later reproductive years.<ref name=Women2015/> After [[menopause]], dem usually dey decrease in size.<ref name=Women2015/> Insyd de [[United States]], uterine fibroids be a common reason for surgical removal of de uterus.<ref name=Wall2004>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wallach EE, Vlahos NF | title = Uterine myomas: an overview of development, clinical features, and management | journal = Obstet Gynecol | volume = 104 | issue = 2 | pages = 393–406 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15292018 | doi = 10.1097/01.AOG.0000136079.62513.39 | s2cid = 45013410 }}</ref> ==Diagnosis== <gallery> File:9cmFibroidPelvicCongestionS.png|A very large (9&nbsp;cm) fibroid of de uterus wich be causing pelvic congestion syndrome as dem see on CT File:9cmFibroidUS.png|A very large (9&nbsp;cm) fibroid of de uterus, wich be causing pelvic congestion syndrome as dem see on ultrasound File:Leiomyoma of the Uterus.jpg|A relatively large submucosal leiomyoma; e dey fill out de major part of de endometrial cavity. File:UterineFirboid.png|A small uterine fibroid dem see within de wall of de myometrium on a cross-sectional ultrasound view File:Calcifiedfibroids.PNG|Two calcified fibroids (insyd de uterus) File:Subserosal uterine fibroid.png|A subserosal uterine fibroid plus a diameter of 5 centimeters File:Pelvic MRI 05 fibroids.jpg|MRI image plus multiple uterine leiomyomas File:Giant Myoma.jpg|Giant leiomyomas almost filling de abdomen File:Histopathology of uterine leiomyoma.jpg|Histopathology of uterine fibroids typically dey show smooth muscle insyd a whorled (fascicular) pattern.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/uterusleiomyoma.html|title=Uterus - Stromal tumors - Leiomyoma|author=Mohamed Mokhtar Desouki|website=pathology Outlines}} Topic Completed: 1 August 2011. Revised: 15 December 2019</ref> File:Histopathology of uterine leiomyoma (Van Gieson's stain).jpg|Dis variant of Van Gieson's stain dey distinguish muscle (yellow) from connective tissue (red). File:Beta-catenin immunohistochemistry in leiomyoma.jpg|Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin insyd uterine leiomyoma, wich be negative as der be only staining of cytoplasm buh no be of cell nuclei. </gallery> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130318073355/http://fibroids.nichd.nih.gov/index.html NIH Fibroid Treatment Study: Information and NIH research] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uterine Fibroids}} [[Category:Gynaecological neoplasia]] [[Category:Benign neoplasms]] [[Category:Uterine tumors]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 78y5uz6j9ljwoe27mxj5m26tl5b8iit 14 29051 108142 2026-07-30T10:06:41Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108142 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 29052 108143 2026-07-30T10:06:51Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108143 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 29053 108144 2026-07-30T10:07:02Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 108144 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1