Wikipedia gpewiki https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Health effects from noise 0 29166 109105 109104 2026-08-05T12:15:34Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] irw86wydf23ayd13o2olvnpe8nsw2c6 109106 109105 2026-08-05T12:16:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%) of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ha0pk4hv3krx4f7c6plojymb35ighf2 109107 109106 2026-08-05T12:22:38Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%) of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 0ggzlp5467o6dhdybs1nualat6emm3e 109108 109107 2026-08-05T12:23:37Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%) of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 10iuok2jgfd39h8lf1fv0ob6188yvlv 109109 109108 2026-08-05T12:25:29Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%) of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] i4qwtvyl8ter6iuhnhkvq918sun8uz5 109110 109109 2026-08-05T12:26:01Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%) of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence. Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 4v5tv2g50xqtdw6el9xnfw4drp5cxes 109111 109110 2026-08-05T12:26:37Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%) of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence. Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] clvv5m5b7xdf6z987zq23ne74ghaw0f 109112 109111 2026-08-05T12:40:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%) of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence. Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] a7iwipkf3xd3yiszmsky0esruvxd43n 109113 109112 2026-08-05T12:41:29Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%) of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence. Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act. Westminster City Council already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] sjrqcywvmoabzpzndjz05gzvlv0naf9 109114 109113 2026-08-05T12:41:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%) of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence. Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act. Westminster City Council already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 3oonqsvtgnxbux46qp1giphcw59cd4i 109115 109114 2026-08-05T12:43:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref>Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence. Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act. Westminster City Council already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] jgc0vmmhxeq2iuzeeh3eet7u7hk06jt 109116 109115 2026-08-05T12:44:07Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act. Westminster City Council already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 8om4fe1n4pl6w90g0sd5b7e8dc4irrf 109117 109116 2026-08-05T12:45:00Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] b9e07xvizlv1r0iueg3l8duwxv12tj6 109118 109117 2026-08-05T12:46:29Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] r0fjz8jb6zmord9bbmo15ccqppvqkpp 109119 109118 2026-08-05T12:58:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 3m2b2gojk9nkwtzjuw7kxavsgx5fk30 109120 109119 2026-08-05T12:59:35Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume. Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] bcq4i28cg5k1eocaps4ob3iqzld1saj 109121 109120 2026-08-05T13:00:27Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume. Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise. Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] nnenn1s2wuzz4v0n1psh8d6qhf0a542 109122 109121 2026-08-05T13:01:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume. Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise. Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower. Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] fkxw89mal7qeg9yree5xgojve2i68mj 109123 109122 2026-08-05T13:02:06Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume. Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise. Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower. Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise. Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] mkzz00azwziv2qq4mxy8oycpfk7vk4c 109124 109123 2026-08-05T13:02:53Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume. Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise. Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower. Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise. Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am. Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ckf4ks2xhi8t632fwcop7hihg26bvu7 109125 109124 2026-08-05T13:04:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume. Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise. Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower. Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise. Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am. Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] rpws0iebvz89433jtqhhlzjn2x7pzo3 109126 109125 2026-08-05T13:04:42Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume. Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise. Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower. Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise. Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am. Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A), howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] hmgd3nu2jfsdrlvx8d92hzrxc29igbj 109127 109126 2026-08-05T13:07:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise. Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower. Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise. Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am. Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A), howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ph13x8qszzmeqmcl4ievej9gth1ab25 109128 109127 2026-08-05T13:14:40Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower. Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise. Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am. Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A), howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] dlvzv8c08jog5thfdph3agfylw3ef4z 109129 109128 2026-08-05T13:27:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower. Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise. Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am. Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A), howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] gyxrjghcuejbql9e8zbfm4i30tam9mg 109130 109129 2026-08-05T13:28:49Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise. Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am. Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A), howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 3hm43z6tf3zsiymlsp1d5z76vyi2iht 109131 109130 2026-08-05T13:31:11Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref>Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am. Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A), howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 4kcd9dm2sgp9p9wrbsjn1fhnsh465t7 109132 109131 2026-08-05T13:32:30Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref>Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A), howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] maao0whm5klgfpjg5ocuz3mgpjos42p 109133 109132 2026-08-05T13:34:29Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref>Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] joeaqxpngs14lj4p14y7fll81eh8eyh 109134 109133 2026-08-05T13:35:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref>Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain. Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] falwhxddanu5foqdejyyxy7m6h5vsjr 109135 109134 2026-08-05T13:36:10Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating. Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 7nfjiezfzwpkb5d6g4kzlx0v59vqqb1 109136 109135 2026-08-05T13:36:47Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A). == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] opckavg4buen1a6qbz1oxwr95q6eqh8 109137 109136 2026-08-05T13:38:03Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ttqrfvcjnesl4vo91agaq0ljucmb8sg 109138 109137 2026-08-05T14:05:10Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 6w3v2y181ea9fz8qadlip6rqixxf2a3 109139 109138 2026-08-05T14:06:01Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] h6tjmpnhvmao2q171weksyeneokcz6t 109140 109139 2026-08-05T14:07:09Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] q55rlt82q7cjxvyhkzlpwbabvh7h4jp 109141 109140 2026-08-05T14:09:00Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] f6dl8ov2ife45ryqzhtbhdx4jbnrl8p 109142 109141 2026-08-05T14:10:33Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] iatc8eajjq9iknsnvti9qlso2vm979v 109143 109142 2026-08-05T14:11:20Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ii2qj41hv7oqul6xherkz4lndjn6qnx 109144 109143 2026-08-05T14:12:18Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] qnf71c9k8g9cgp2rv89rse8cbqwwhtb 109145 109144 2026-08-05T14:13:25Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] d89fek5ay9jvqi1avf43jfhc7ubut6d 109146 109145 2026-08-05T14:14:41Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 5gtgvg828gs3qg72vr69tjh0wtt2jgi 109147 109146 2026-08-05T14:16:08Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] iopm39od8v6fcl6tjho4kj14cwwgiyi 109148 109147 2026-08-05T14:16:51Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 1nmgnp0if9cegns6ji01zw0plp52qqg 109149 109148 2026-08-05T14:17:27Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] od57onrg8r9baxmi6s4znhvk27iejbv 109150 109149 2026-08-05T14:18:17Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 1gp1if7t1gs71l4pqo55yk7icyvayhc 109151 109150 2026-08-05T14:19:33Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd. For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] ofj3c8encs52922gax7t9cugehob2u1 109152 109151 2026-08-05T14:20:10Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd. For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays. For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] bnkgkayuxwc06a54s9vw8vlzc04coh5 109153 109152 2026-08-05T14:20:50Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd. For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays. For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] 1u3blxsn0bs8iqsoje9rzkm2mwag9tg 109154 109153 2026-08-05T14:21:14Z Emmanuel Anin 1692 109154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20230609_Average_noise_levels_outside_US_homes.svg|thumb|More dan a quarter of US residences get average outside noise levels wey dey exceed de maximum nighttime outside noise level wey de World Health Organization recommend am.<ref>Baumgaertner, Emily; Kao, Jason; Lutz, Eleanor; Sedgwick, Josephine; et&#x20;al. (June 9, 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html "Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How"]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html Archived] from the original on June 9, 2023.</ref>]]'''Noise health effects''' be de physical den psychological health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels. De World Health Organization consider noise from traffic, in particular, to be one of de worst environmental stressors give humans, wey dey second only to air pollution.<ref name=":2">Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|"Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines"]]. ''Annual Review of Public Health''. '''41''': 309–328. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922930 31922930].</ref> Elevated workplace anaa environmental noise fi cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, den sleep disturbance.<ref name=":0">Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (February 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|"Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System"]]. ''Journal of the American College of Cardiology''. '''71''' (6): 688–697. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015|10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420965 29420965].</ref><ref name=":1">Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 "Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations"]. ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine''. '''61''' (6): 477–491. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajim.22833|10.1002/ajim.22833]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6897488 6897488]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29537072 29537072].</ref> Dem sanso attribute changes for de immune system den birth defects insyd to noise exposure.<ref name=":5">Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (March 2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): 123–31. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3454637 3454637]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</ref> Although age-related health effects (presbycusis) dey occur naturally plus age,<ref>Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (August 1990). "Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss". ''Ear and Hearing''. '''11''' (4): 257–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002|10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2210099 2210099].</ref> for many countries insyd de cumulative impact of noise dey sufficient to impair de hearing of a large fraction of de population ova de course of a lifetime.<ref>Schmid RE (2007-02-18). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml "Aging nation faces growing hearing loss"]. CBS News. Archived from [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml the original] on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Senate Public Works Committee, ''Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972'', S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Cong. 2nd session</ref> Dem know noise exposure to induce noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, den oda cardiovascular adverse effects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf "Noise: Health Effects and Controls"] (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from [http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2007-12-22.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Dem associate chronic noise exposure plus sleep disturbances den increased incidence of diabetes. Adverse cardiovascular effects dey occur from chronic exposure to noise sekof de sympathetic nervous system ein inability to habituate. De sympathetic nervous system dey maintain lighter stages of sleep wen dem expose de body to noise, wey no dey allow blood pressure to follow de normal rise den fall cycle of an undisturbed circadian rhythm.<ref name=":0" /> Dem link stress from time wey dem spend around elevated noise levels plus increased workplace accident rates, aggression, den oda anti-social behaviors.<ref>Kryter KD (1994). ''The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health''. Boston: Academic Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-427455-6|978-0-12-427455-6]]</bdi>.</ref> De most significant sources be vehicles, aircraft, prolonged exposure to loud music, den industrial noise.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf "10. Noise"] (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. pp.&#x20;188–189. Archived from [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf the original] (PDF) on November 14, 2011.</ref> Dem link prolonged exposure to noise at home to decreased mental health.<ref>Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). "Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study". ''American Journal of Preventive Medicine''. '''63''' (2): e39–e48. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35466022 35466022]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248361177 248361177].</ref> Der dey approximately 10,000 deaths per year as a result of noise for de European Union insyd.<ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014 "Noise in Europe 2014"]. ''European Environment Agency''.</ref><ref>Godwin R (3 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes "Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year"]. ''The Guardian'' &#x2013; via www.theguardian.com.</ref> == Noise-induced hearing loss == [[File:HearingExam.jpg|thumb|An audiologist wey dey conduct an audiometric hearing test for a sound-proof testing booth insyd]]Noise-induced hearing loss be a permanent shift for pure-tone thresholds insyd, wey dey result for sensorineural hearing loss insyd. De severity of a threshold shift dey dependent for duration den severity of noise exposure top. Dem see noise-induced threshold shifts as a notch for an audiogram top from 3000 to 6000&#x20;Hz, but most often at 4000&#x20;Hz.<ref>Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (2014-09-19). ''Handbook of clinical audiology'' (Seventh&#x20;ed.). Philadelphia. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4511-9163-9|978-1-4511-9163-9]]</bdi>. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877024342 877024342].</ref> Exposure to loud noises, either for a single traumatic experience insyd anaa ova time, fi damage de auditory system den dey result for hearing loss insyd den sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure fi happen at work (e.g., loud machinery), at play (e.g., loud sporting events, concerts, recreational activities), den/anaa by accident (e.g., a backfiring engine). Noise-induced hearing loss be sometimes unilateral den typically dey cause patients to lose hearing around de frequency of de triggering sound trauma.<ref>[https://www.ata.org/understanding-facts/causes "Causes"]. ''American Tinnitus Association''. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2019-02-22.</ref> == Tinnitus == Tinnitus be an auditory disorder wey de perception of a sound (ringing, chirping, buzzing, etc.) characterize am for de ear insyd for de absence of an external sound source insyd. Der dey two types of tinnitus: subjective den objective. Subjective be de most common den fi hear am only "for de head insyd" by de person wey e affect am. Dem fi hear objective tinnitus from dem around de person wey e affect am den de audiologist fi hear am using a stethoscope. Dem sanso fi categorize tinnitus by de way e dey sound for one ein ear insyd, pulsatile tinnitus<ref>Waldvogel D, Mattle HP, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (March 1998). [https://boris.unibe.ch/117566/1/415_2009_Article_82450137415.pdf "Pulsatile tinnitus--a review of 84 patients"] (PDF). ''Journal of Neurology''. '''245''' (3): 137–42. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s004150050193|10.1007/s004150050193]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9553842 9553842]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10767191 10767191].</ref> wey de vascular nature of Glomus tumors cause am den non-pulsatile tinnitus wey dey usually sound like crickets, de sea den bees. Though dem no know de pathophysiology of tinnitus, noise exposure fi be a contributing factor; therefore dem fi associate tinnitus plus with hearing loss, wey de cochlea den central nervous system (CNS) generate am. High-frequency hearing loss dey cause a high-pitched tinnitus den low-frequency hearing loss dey cause a roaring tinnitus.<ref>Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients". ''The International Tinnitus Journal''. '''8''' (1): 37–44. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14763234 14763234].</ref> Noise-induced tinnitus fi be temporary anaa permanent wey dey depend for de type den amount of noise top wey dem expose a person to. == Cardiovascular effects == Dem already associate noise plus important cardiovascular health problems, particularly hypertension, as e dey cause an increase for levels of stress hormones den vascular oxidative stress insyd.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ising H, Babisch W, Kruppa B (1999). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=1999;volume=1;issue=4;spage=37;epage=48;aulast=Ising "Noise-Induced Endocrine Effects and Cardiovascular Risk"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''1''' (4): 37–48. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12689488 12689488].</ref><ref>Davies H, Kamp IV (2012-11-01). [[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|"Noise and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature 2008-2011"]]. ''Noise & Health''. '''14''' (61): 287–91. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4103/1463-1741.104895|10.4103/1463-1741.104895]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23257579 23257579].</ref><ref>Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (February 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 "Hearing loss and incident dementia"]. ''Archives of Neurology''. '''68''' (2): 214–20. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362|10.1001/archneurol.2010.362]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277836 3277836]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;21320988.</ref> Noise levels of 50 dB(A) anaa greater at night fi increase de risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production.<ref>Maschke C (2003). [http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2002;volume=5;issue=17;spage=35;epage=45;aulast=Maschke "Stress Hormone Changes in Persons exposed to Simulated Night Noise"]. ''Noise & Health''. '''5''' (17): 35–45. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12537833 12537833].</ref><ref>Franssen EA, van Wiechen CM, Nagelkerke NJ, Lebret E (May 2004). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 "Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use"]. ''Occupational and Environmental Medicine''. '''61''' (5): 405–13. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/oem.2002.005488|10.1136/oem.2002.005488]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740783 1740783]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090660 15090660].</ref><ref>Lercher P, Hörtnagl J, Kofler WW (1993). "Work noise annoyance and blood pressure: combined effects with stressful working conditions". ''International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health''. '''65''' (1): 23–8. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF00586054|10.1007/BF00586054]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8354571 8354571]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41612151 41612151].</ref> Traffic noise get several negative effects, wey dey include increased risk give coronary artery disease, plus night-time exposure to noise possibly more harmful dan day-time exposure.<ref name=":2" /> Dem already sanso show am to increase blood pressure for individuals insyd within de surrounding residential areas, plus railways wey dey cause de greatest cardiovascular effects.<ref name=":3">Lee PJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Choung T, Kim KY (November 2019). [[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|"Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings"]]. ''Environment International''. '''132''' 105101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101|10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434052 31434052].</ref><ref>Dzhambov A, Tilov B, Markevych I, Dimitrova D (December 2017). [https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=51900 "Residential road traffic noise and general mental health in youth: The role of noise annoyance, neighborhood restorative quality, physical activity, and social cohesion as potential mediators"]. ''Environment International''. '''109''': 1–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009|10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.009]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917129 28917129].</ref> Roadway noise levels dey sufficient to constrict arterial blood flow den dey lead to elevated blood pressure.<ref>Klompmaker JO, Janssen NA, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, et&#x20;al. (August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 "Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''127''' (8): 87003. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/EHP3857|10.1289/EHP3857]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792364 6792364]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31393793 31393793].</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vasoconstriction fi result from elevated adrenaline levels anaa thru medical stress reactions. Dem correlate long-term exposure to noise to an increase for cortisol den angiotensin-II levels insyd wey dem respectively associate am plus oxidative stress den vascular inflammation.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals wey dey subject to greater dan 80 dB(A) for de workplace insyd dey at increased risk of having increased blood pressure.<ref>Chang TY, Liu CS, Huang KH, Chen RY, Lai JS, Bao BY (April 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 "High-frequency hearing loss, occupational noise exposure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health''. '''10''': 35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-35|10.1186/1476-069X-10-35]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090324 3090324]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518430 21518430].</ref><ref>Chang TY, Su TC, Lin SY, Jain RM, Chan CC (November 2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 "Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''115''' (11): 1660–4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.10346|10.1289/ehp.10346]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072860 2072860]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18008000 18008000].</ref> A 2021 systematic review for de effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischemic heart disease (IHD) top, stroke den hypertension, wey de World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate am den de International Labour Organization (ILO) locate 17 studies dat meet de inclusion criteria, wey dey comprise a total of 534,688 participants (7.47% females) for 11 countries insyd den for three WHO regions insyd (de Americas, Europe, den de Western Pacific).<ref name=":4">Teixeira, Liliane R.; Pega, Frank; Dzhambov, Angel M.; Bortkiewicz, Alicja; da Silva, Denise T. Correa; de Andrade, Carlos A.F.; Gadzicka, Elzbieta; Hadkhale, Kishor; Iavicoli, Sergio; Martínez-Silveira, Martha S.; Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury"]. ''Environment International''. '''154''' 106387. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387|10.1016/j.envint.2021.106387]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204276 8204276]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612311 33612311].</ref> De study find de low quality of evidence de effect of occupational exposure to intense noise (≥85 dBA), wey dem compare am to occupational exposure below 85 dBA (<85 dBA). Dem conclude dat der dey inadequate evidence of harmfulness give de studied outcomes plus de exception of de risk of acquiring IHD, wey dey 29% higher give dem pippoe wey dem expose to noise for demma workplace insyd.<ref name=":4" /> == Oda physical health effects == Traffic noise fi sanso increase de risk of sleep disturbances, stroke, diabetes, den becoming overweight.<ref name=":2" /> Noise pollution be an environmental health concern since e often be a risk factor give dey develop oda diseases like tinnitus anaa impaired speech discrimination.<ref>Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., THE LANCET, Volume 383, issue 9925(April, 2014), page 1325-1332.</ref> == Psychological impacts of noise == Dem already discover causal relationships between noise den psychological effects wey dey include annoyance, psychiatric disorders, den effects for psychosocial well-being top.<ref name=":5" /> Exposure to intense levels of noise fi cause personality changes den violent reactions.<ref>[https://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/noise.pdf "Children and Noise"] (PDF). World Health Organization.</ref> Dem sanso show noise to be a factor wey dem attribute to violent reactions.<ref>Elizondo-Garza FJ (1999). "Noise problems, savage approaches. From ''just forget it,'' to physical violence". ''The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (2): 942. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105..942E 1999ASAJ..105..942E]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.425711|10.1121/1.425711]].</ref> De psychological impacts of noise sanso dey include an addiction to loud music. Dem research dis for a study insyd where dem find non-professional musicians to get loudness addictions more often dan non-musician control subjects.<ref>Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Stieglitz R, Probst R (January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171110181433/http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 "Is there addiction to loud music? Findings in a group of non-professional pop/rock musicians"]. ''Audiology Research''. '''2''' (1): 57–63. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4081/audiores.2012.e11|10.4081/audiores.2012.e11]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630946 4630946]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26557326 26557326]. Archived from [http://www.audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/audiores.2012.e11 the original] on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.</ref> Psychological health effects from noise sanso dey include depression den anxiety. Individuals wey get hearing loss, wey dey include noise-induced hearing loss, fi get demma symptoms dem alleviate plus de use of hearing aids. Individuals wey no dey seek treatment give demma loss be 50% more likely to get depression dan demma aided peers.<ref>[http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/hearing-loss.aspx "Silently Suffering From Hearing Loss Negatively Affects Quality of Life"]. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-03-01.</ref> Dem psychological effects fi lead to detriments for physical care insyd for de form of reduced self-care, work-tolerance, den increased isolation insyd.<ref>Hammer MS, Swinburn TK, Neitzel RL (February 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 "Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''122''' (2): 115–9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272|10.1289/ehp.1307272]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915267 3915267]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24311120 24311120].</ref> Auditory stimuli sanso fi serve as psychological triggers give individuals plus post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<ref>Glad KA, Hafstad GS, Jensen TK, Dyb G (August 2017). "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism". ''Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy''. '''9''' (Suppl 1): 145–152. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/tra0000224|10.1037/tra0000224]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27831737 27831737]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474520 24474520].</ref> == Stress == Research wey Rockwool commission am, a multi-national insulation manufacturer wey dem headquarter am for Denmark insyd, dey reveal dat for de UK insyd, one third (33%) of victims of domestic disturbances dey claim dat loud parties already lef am unable to sleep anaa make dem stressed for de last two years insyd. Around one for eleven insyd (9%)<ref name=":6">Clout, Laura (9 April 2009). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/94084/How-noisy-neighbours-millions-of-lives "How Noisy Neighbours Millions of Lives"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</ref> of dem pippoe wey domestic disturbances affect am dey claim it already lef dem continually disturbed den stressed. More dan 1.8 million pippoe dey claim noisy neighbours make demma life a misery den dem no fi enjoy demmar own homes. De impact of noise for health top be potentially a significant problem across de UK wey dem give dat de inhabitants of neighbouring properties for de last two years insyd already disturb more dan 17.5 million Britons (38%). Give almost one for ten insyd (7%) Britons dis be a regular occurrence.<ref name=":6" /> Dem reinforced de extent of de problem of noise pollution give public health by figures wey Rockwool collate am from local authority responses to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request. Dis research dey reveal dat for de period April 2008 – 2009 insyd UK councils receive 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. Dis result for environmental health officers across de UK insyd wey dey serve 8,069 noise abatement notices, anaa citations under de terms of de Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act.<ref name=":6" /> Westminster City Council<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/london-is-home-to-the-noisiest-neighbours-6756929.html "London is home to the noisiest neighbours"]. ''The Evening Standard''.</ref> already receive more complaints per head of population dan any oda district for de UK insyd plus 9,814 grievances about noise, wey dey equate to 42.32 complaints per thousand residents. Eight of de top 10 councils wey dem rank by complaints per 1,000 residents dey for London insyd. == Annoyance == Dem typically perceive sudden impulse noises as more bothersome dan noise from traffic of equal volume.<ref>Miedema and Oudshoorn 2001 cited in [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/516462 "Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports"]. Medscape.</ref> Demographics minimally affect annoyance effects of noise, but fear of de noise source den sensitivity to noise dey both strongly affect de 'annoyance' of a noise.<ref>Miedema HM, Vos H (1999). "Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''105''' (6): 3336–44. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ASAJ..105.3336M 1999ASAJ..105.3336M]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.424662|10.1121/1.424662]].</ref> Sound levels as low as 40&#x20;dB(A) fi generate noise complaints<ref>Gelfand SA (2001). ''Essentials of Audiology''. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-58890-017-3|978-1-58890-017-3]]</bdi>.</ref> den de lower threshold give noise wey dey produce sleep disturbance dey 45&#x20;dB(A) anaa lower.<ref>Walker JR, Fahy F (1998). ''Fundamentals of noise and vibration''. London: E & FN Spon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-419-22700-7|978-0-419-22700-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Oda factors dat affect de annoyance level of sound dey include beliefs about noise prevention den de importance of de noise source, den annoyance at de cause (i.e., non-noise-related factors) of de noise.<ref name=":7">Field JM (1993). "Effect of personal and situational variables upon noise annoyance in residential areas". ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America''. '''93''' (5): 2753–63. [[Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ASAJ...93.2753F 1993ASAJ...93.2753F]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1121/1.405851|10.1121/1.405851]].</ref> Many of de interpretations of de level of annoyance den de relationship between noise levels den dey result health symptoms fi be influenced by de quality of interpersonal relationships at de workplace, as well as de stress level wey de work einself generate am.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Halpern D (1995). ''Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks and mortar?''. Taylor & Francis. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7484-0235-9|978-0-7484-0235-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Evidence give impact for annoyance of long-term noise versus recent changes top dey uncertain.<ref name=":7" /> Approximately 35% to 40% of office workers dey find noise levels from 55 to 60&#x20;dB(A) extremely irritating.<ref name=":5" /> Dem set de noise standard for Germany insyd give mentally stressful tasks at 55&#x20;dB(A),<ref>Stellman JM (1998). ''[[iarchive:encyclopaediaofo0003unse|Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety]]''. International Labour Organization. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-2-109203-2|978-92-2-109203-2]]</bdi>.</ref> howeva, if de noise source dey continuous, de threshold level give tolerability among office workers dey lower dan 55&#x20;dB(A).<ref name=":5" /> == Kiddie physical development == De U.S. Environmental Protection Agency author a pamphlet for 1978 insyd dat suggest a correlation between low-birthweight (using de World Health Organization definition of less dan {{convert|2500|g}}) den high sound levels, den sanso high rates of birth defects for places insyd wey dem expose expectant mothers to elevated sound levels, wey dey include typical airport environments. Specific birth abnormalities include harelip, cleft palate, den defects for de spine insyd. According to Lester W. Sontag of De Fels Research Institute (as dem present am for de same EPA study insyd): "Der dey ample evidence dat environment get a role for shaping de physique, behavior, den function of animals insyd, wey dey include man, from conception den no merely from birth. De fetus be capable of perceiving sounds den dey respond to dem by motor activity den cardiac rate change." De effects of noise exposure be highest wen e dey occur between 15 den 60 days after conception, a period for wey dem form major internal organs den de central nervous system. Later developmental effects dey occur as vasoconstriction for de mother insyd dey reduce blood flow den therefore oxygen den nutrition to de fetus. Dem sanso associate low birth weights den noise plus lower levels of certain hormones for de mother insyd. Dem think dem hormones dey affect fetal growth den to be good indicators of protein production. De difference between de hormone levels of pregnant mothers for noisy versus quiet areas insyd increase as birth approach. For a 2000 publication insyd, a review of studies for birthweight den noise exposure top dey note dat while sam older studies dey suggest dat wen dem expose women to >65&#x20;dB aircraft noise, a small decrease for birthweight insyd dey occur, for a more recent study of 200 Taiwanese women insyd dey include noise dosimetry measurements of individual noise exposure, de authors find no significant association between noise exposure den birth weight after dem adjust give relevant confounders, e.g. social class, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, etc. === Cognitive development === Wen dem regularly expose young kiddies to levels of noise dat dey interfere plus speech, dem go fi develop speech anaa reading difficulties sekof e compromise auditory processing functions. Kiddies dey continue to develop demma speech perception abilities until dem reach demma teens. Dem already show evidence dat wen kiddies learn for noisier classrooms insyd, dem get more difficulty understanding speech dan dem kiddies wey learn for quieter settings insyd. For a study insyd wey Cornell University conduct am for 1993 insyd, kiddies wey dem expose to noise for learning environments insyd experience trouble plus word discrimination, as well as various cognitive developmental delays. For particular insyd, dem commonly associate de writing learning impairment dysgraphia plus environmental stressors for de classroom insyd. Dem sanso already know high noise levels to damage de physical health of small kiddies. Kiddies from noisy residences often get a significantly higher heart rate (by 2 beats/min for average top) dan dat of kiddies from quieter homes. == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/19961119081746/http://asa.aip.org/ Acoustical Society of America] * [http://www.noiseandhealth.org Noise and Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606094325/http://www.noiseandhealth.org/ |date=2007-06-06 }} International Journal devoted to research on all aspects of noise and its effects on human health * [https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html World Health Organization: Guidelines for Community Noise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712063445/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html |date=2018-07-12 }} * [http://www.icben.org/ ICBEN] International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise * [http://www.flixxy.com/how-sound-affects-us.htm How Sound Affects Us] (8:18)—[[TED (conference)|TED]] talk by [[Julian Treasure]] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ NIOSH Buy Quiet Topic Page] * [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ Occupational Hearing Loss Prevention] {{DEFAULTSORT:Health Effects From Noise}} [[Category:Health effects by subject|Noise]] [[Category:Noise pollution]] [[Category:Sound]] [[Category:Acoustics]] lwnpqcac928iyu9cr42zygmdu9clt68 Laia Aleixandri 0 29195 109155 109073 2026-08-05T20:54:36Z DaSupremo 9 /* Career statistics */ Improve article 109155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Laia Aleixandri López''' (Catalan: &#x5B;ˈlajə ələˈʃandɾi ˈlɔpəθ&#x5D;; born 25 August 2000) be a Spanish professional footballer wey dey play as centre-back anaa defensive midfielder give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] den de Spain national team.<ref name="AS18">{{cite news|title=Laia Aleixandri, el muro de La Rojita|trans-title=Laia Aleixandri, the wall of La Rojita|url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html|access-date=25 October 2021|language=es|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=21 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207174926/https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd January 2020, na dem name am by UEFA as one of de 10 most promising young players insyd Europe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ten for the future: UEFA.com's women players to watch for 2020|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0264-1118ddb80d91-9edfaadd1b69-1000--ten-women-players-to-watch-for-2020/?iv=true|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=[[UEFA]]|date=2 January 2020|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207025809/https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0264-1118ddb80d91-9edfaadd1b69-1000--ten-women-players-to-watch-for-2020/?iv=true|url-status=live}}</ref> == Club career == === Youth === Laia start dey play football wen na she be 4 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roldán |first=Isabel |date=2015-03-23 |title=Laia Aleixandri, con 14 años, es la benjamina de la Sub-17 |url=https://as.com/futbol/2015/03/23/mas_futbol/1427134699_120723.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041929/https://as.com/futbol/2015/03/23/mas_futbol/1427134699_120723.html |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Diario AS |language=es}}</ref> Between 2006 den 2008 she play give CE Arrabal Calaf insyd de youngest category. Insyd 2008 she start dey play at CE Sant Gabriel wer she stay for four years. She enter de youth ranks of FC Barcelona at de age of 11 wey she play for three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gil |first=Aimara G. |date=2018-08-21 |title=Laia Aleixandri, el muro de La Rojita |url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207174926/https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Diario AS |language=es}}</ref> === FC Barcelona "B" === Insyd de 2015–16 season, Laia join Barcelona B, wey she make ein debut insyd de Second Division at de age of 14 on de U17 team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla Femenino B {{!}} Canal Oficial FC Barcelona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/football/formatiu-femeni/femeni-b/jugadors |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080513/https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/football/formatiu-femeni/femeni-b/jugadors |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.fcbarcelona.es |language=es}}</ref> Na dem be proclaimed champion of dema group plus 72 points insyd 26 games.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Femenino B, campeón de la Segunda División |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/noticias/1068332/el-femenino-b-campeon-de-la-segunda-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080515/https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/noticias/1068332/el-femenino-b-campeon-de-la-segunda-division |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.fcbarcelona.es |language=es}}</ref> Insyd de 2016–17 season, na she once again be part of de club ein B squad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notícies del Formatiu Femení {{!}} Canal Oficial FC Barcelona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/futbol/formatiu-femeni/femeni-b/noticies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080512/https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/futbol/formatiu-femeni/femeni-b/noticies |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.fcbarcelona.cat |language=ca}}</ref> Dat season dem once san cam be champions of dema category plus 60 points.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El filial concluye otra gran temporada |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/futbol/femenino-a/noticias/764847/el-filial-concluye-otra-gran-temporada |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.fcbarcelona.es |language=es}}</ref> === Atlético Madrid === Laia sign give Atlético Madrid wey she make ein debut on 2 September 2017 insyd de First Division insyd an away match against Fundación Albacete, wey dem earn a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-02 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Laia, Ludmila, Carla, Kaci y Viola debutaron como rojiblancas |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-ludmila-carla-kaci-y-viola-debutaron-como-rojiblancas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929152905/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-ludmila-carla-kaci-y-viola-debutaron-como-rojiblancas |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-10 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Laia Aleixandri, nuevo refuerzo del Atlético de Madrid Femenino |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-aleixandri-nuevo-refuerzo-del-atletico-de-madrid-femenino |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524134329/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-aleixandri-nuevo-refuerzo-del-atletico-de-madrid-femenino |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> On 25 April 2018, she suffer a fracture of de ulna den radius of ein right arm while playing plus de U20 national team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-26 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Laia Aleixandri sufre una fractura de cúbito y radio |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-aleixandri-sufre-una-fractura-de-cubito-y-radio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041851/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-aleixandri-sufre-una-fractura-de-cubito-y-radio |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> Laia play seven league games insyd de 2017–18 season wey she end up becoming champion of de League den runner-up insyd de national cup plus Atlético Madrid.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Confidencial |first=El |date=2018-05-13 |title=El Atlético de Madrid vuelve a sorprender al Barça y se lleva la liga femenina |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/futbol/2018-05-13/atletico-de-madrid-feminas-campeon-liga-iberdrola_1563066/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041929/https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/futbol/2018-05-13/atletico-de-madrid-feminas-campeon-liga-iberdrola_1563066/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=elconfidencial.com |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-02 |title=Fútbol Femenino: Mariona Caldentey da la Copa de la Reina al Barcelona con un gol en el último minuto |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/06/02/5b12aa32ca4741093a8b4647.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929203158/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/06/02/5b12aa32ca4741093a8b4647.html |archive-date=29 September 2021 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Marca.com |language=es}}</ref> Laia play insyd de U-20 World Cup plus an outstanding performance, wey she establish einself as a starter insyd de 2018–19 season. On 4 November 2018, she score ein first goal plus Atlético against Levante wey na dem choose am Player of de Match.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-04 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Importante triunfo ante el Levante |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/importante-triunfo-ante-el-levante |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041852/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/importante-triunfo-ante-el-levante |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=¿Quién fue la mejor jugadora de la jornada ocho de la Liga Iberdrola? |url=https://www.laliga.com/noticias/quien-fue-la-mejor-jugadora-de-la-jornada-ocho-de-la-liga-iberdrola |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080511/https://www.laliga.com/noticias/quien-fue-la-mejor-jugadora-de-la-jornada-ocho-de-la-liga-iberdrola |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Página web oficial de LALIGA {{!}} LALIGA |language=es}}</ref> She continue to be a starter thru out de league season, wey she miss only one game secof injury den anoda secof suspension. Insyd May 2019, she achieve ein second League title.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Giovio|first=Eleonora|date=2019-05-06|title=El Atlético de Madrid Femenino gana su tercera Liga Iberdrola consecutiva|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/05/05/actualidad/1557062473_440532.html|access-date=2024-03-22|work=El País|language=es|issn=1134-6582|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409222009/https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/05/05/actualidad/1557062473_440532.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd de Copa de la Reina, she get a prominent role insyd de semi-finals wey she play insyd de final wer Atlético be runners-up to Real Sociedad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-11 |title=La Real Sociedad hace historia con la conquista de la Copa de la Reina |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2019/05/11/5cd7083f268e3e667e8b459a.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517055306/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2019/05/11/5cd7083f268e3e667e8b459a.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Marca.com |language=es}}</ref> During de 2019–20 season, she establish einself as a starter. She play 20 league games before na e be suspended secof de [[COVID-19]] pandemic wey dem fini as runner-up insyd de league. Insyd de 2020–21 season, she debut as captain insyd November,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernández |first=Andrés España |date=2020-11-09 |title=Laia Aleixandri, una capitana de futuro |url=https://www.atleticosport.es/2020/11/09/laia-aleixandri-una-capitana-de-futuro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080511/https://www.atleticosport.es/2020/11/09/laia-aleixandri-una-capitana-de-futuro/ |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Atletico Sport |language=es}}</ref> wey na dem name am fourth captain insyd December.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-23 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Amanda Sampedro, Meseguer, Menayo y Laia Aleixandri, capitanas para esta temporada |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/amanda-sampedro-meseguer-menayo-y-laia-aleixandri-capitanas-para-esta-temporada |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815223054/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/amanda-sampedro-meseguer-menayo-y-laia-aleixandri-capitanas-para-esta-temporada |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> Insyd December, she be included insyd de Football Draft Golden Eleven for ein performances during de season.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Once de Oro Femenino, un equipo de muchos quilates |url=https://www.futboldraft.com/noticias/www.futboldraft.com/noticias/once-oro-femenino-equipo-muchos-quilates |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.futboldraft.com |language=es}}</ref> Insyd January 2021, she win de Super Cup wey na dem name am best player of de championship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laia Aleixandri, Mejor Jugadora de la Supercopa de España Iberdrola {{!}} www.rfef.es |url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/laia-aleixandri-mejor-jugadora-supercopa-espana-iberdrola |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080511/https://rfef.es/es/noticias/laia-aleixandri-mejor-jugadora-supercopa-espana-iberdrola |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Web oficial de la Real Federación Española de Fútbol. |language=es}}</ref> Then dem choose am best player of de month for February den March by de fans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fútbol Mahou |url=https://twitter.com/futbolmahou/status/1370781705691295745 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080511/https://twitter.com/futbolmahou/status/1370781705691295745 |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=22 March 2024}}</ref> Insyd March 2021, de IFFHS include am insyd ein UEFA Under-20 Team of de Year 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFFHS |url=https://iffhs.com/en/news/uefa-youth-woman-team-of-the-year-2020-u20-by-iffhs-1022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002235154/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1022 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.iffhs.com}}</ref> Insyd de 2021–22 season, she score a double insyd de 5–0 victory over Rayo Vallecano.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-04 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Goleada en el estreno liguero |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/cronica-femenino-rayo-femenino |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127122250/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/cronica-femenino-rayo-femenino |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> Insyd October 2021, dem choose am insyd de Golden Eleven of Football Draft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pedri, Ferran Torres, Ansu Fati, Berta Pujadas, Athenea y Nerea Eizagirre, en los Onces de Oro de Futbol Draft 2020/2021 |url=https://www.futboldraft.com/noticias/www.futboldraft.com/noticias/premiados-futbol-draft-2020-2021 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.futboldraft.com |language=es}}</ref> A regular starter insyd de team, insyd January 2022 dem install ein commemorative plaque on de club ein legends walk, wich dey certify she play more dan 100 games give Atlético Madrid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-28 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Aleixandri, Menayo, Ludmila y Lola Gallardo ya tienen su placa en el Wanda Metropolitano |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/aleixandri-menayo-ludmila-y-lola-gallardo-ya-tienen-su-placa-en-el-wanda-metropolitano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815223055/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/aleixandri-menayo-ludmila-y-lola-gallardo-ya-tienen-su-placa-en-el-wanda-metropolitano |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> === Manchester City === After anoda year she be a key pillar at Atlético Madrid, on 9 June 2022, both Laia den Manchester City announce she go join de club at de beginning of de 2022–23 season. Laia score insyd de 74th minute insyd de 1–0 win over Arsenal insyd de fifth round of de 2023–24 FA Cup, wey advance Manchester City to de quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Man City beat Arsenal to reach Women's FA Cup last eight|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68257278|access-date=2024-03-23|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|archive-date=23 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323232017/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68257278|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem announce ein departure from de club dey follow de last game of de 2024–25 season on 10 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Emons|first1=Michael|title=Aleixandri to leave Man City on free transfer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/czelgrre5eyo|date=2025-05-10|access-date=2025-05-31|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250511110702/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/czelgrre5eyo|url-status=live}}</ref> == International career == === Youth === Plus de U-16 national team, na dem call Laia up to play insyd de UEFA Development Tournament on 9 February 2015. She be proclaimed champion of de tournament along plus ein teammates after beating Scotland, Germany, den Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-11 |title=España, campeona del Torneo de Desarrollo de la UEFA {{!}} SEFutbol |url=http://www.sefutbol.com/espana-campeona-del-torneo-desarrollo-uefa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111173712/http://www.sefutbol.com/espana-campeona-del-torneo-desarrollo-uefa |archive-date=11 November 2018 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> Laia debute plus de Spain U-17 team on 11 March 2015 at de age of 14 insyd Spain ein 1–0 victory over England insyd a friendly match, insyd wich she score de winning goal. On 22 March, she debut insyd an official match against Russia plus a three-zero victory, wey she score one of de goals. Dat summer, dem call am up for de U-17 European Championship wer she cam be champion by defeating Switzerland by 5–2 insyd de final.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 UEFA European U-17 Championship |url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Publications/uefaorg/General/02/25/59/49/2255949_DOWNLOAD.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907123412/http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Publications/uefaorg/General/02/25/59/49/2255949_DOWNLOAD.pdf |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> Na dem choose Laia as part of de Best Team of de tournament. Insyd 2016, she san play insyd de U-17 European Championship wer Spain loose de final on penalties against Germany, wey dem san choose Laia insyd de team of de tournament. Dat same year, she play insyd de 2016 FIFA U-17 World Cup, wer Laia start insyd all de matches.<ref name="AS18">{{cite news|title=Laia Aleixandri, el muro de La Rojita|trans-title=Laia Aleixandri, the wall of La Rojita|url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html|access-date=25 October 2021|language=es|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=21 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207174926/https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She score against New Zealand insyd de group stage wey na dem choose am Player of de Match. Na dem nominate am for de Golden Ball of de tournament, wey she make de Best Team of de tournament. Spain fini as runners-up. Insyd 2017, she play ein third U-17 European Championship, captaining de team wey dem loose on penalties insyd de final. Na Laia once again dey part of de tournament ein best team. Laia play a total of 34 games plus de U-17 national team wey she score 7 goals, wey she be de player wey play de most games insyd dis category.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-28 |title=Laia Aleixandri, talento del Barça, al Atlético |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170629/423753473527/laia-aleixandri-femenino-barca-atletico.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041929/https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170629/423753473527/laia-aleixandri-femenino-barca-atletico.html |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Mundo Deportivo |language=es}}</ref> On 5 September 2017, na dem call up Laia to de U-19 national team. Laia debut insyd dis category on 12 September 2017 insyd Florence against Italy insyd a match wey end plus a 2–2 draw. Dem call up Laia plus de U-20 national team to compete insyd de 2018 World Cup insyd France.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-13 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Misa, Menayo y Laia convocadas con España para el Mundial Sub-20 de Francia 2018 |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/misa-menayo-y-laia-convocadas-con-espana-para-el-mundial-sub-20-de-francia-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919194443/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/misa-menayo-y-laia-convocadas-con-espana-para-el-mundial-sub-20-de-francia-2018 |archive-date=19 September 2024 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> She start as a substitute buh an injury to Ona Batlle insyd de first match wey allow am to play de rest of de games as a starter. Na Spain be runners-up insyd de world after dem loose 3–1 insyd de final against Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=¡Japón, campeona del mundo! (1-3) |url=https://inside.fifa.com/es/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/france2018/news/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.com/japon-campeona-del-mundo-1-3 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=inside.fifa.com |language=es}}</ref> She participate as a starter insyd de qualification for de 2019 U-19 European Championship. She play all four matches insyd de finals insyd Scotland as a starter, wey she make ein debut against Belgium as captain of de team wey she score de team ein second goal by heading in a corner kick insyd a 2–1 victory. Insyd de second match dem beat England 1–0, plus wich dem qualify for de semi-final den for de 2020 U-20 World Cup. Insyd de third match, dem tie 0–0 against Germany, wey be second group by goal difference.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-23 |title=CRONICA {{!}} España suma un punto frente a Alemania (0-0) {{!}} SEFutbol |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-suma-punto-frente-alemania-0-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723093704/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-suma-punto-frente-alemania-0-0 |archive-date=23 July 2019 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> === Senior === She debut plus de senior national team on 17 May 2019 insyd a friendly against Cameroon in preparation give de World Cup insyd France, insyd wich she score a goal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-07 |title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4-0) {{!}} SEFutbol |url=https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> On 27 November 2020, she play ein second match den ein first insyd official competition insyd de 10–0 victory over Moldova. Since then she be regularly called up as a replacement for de starting centre-backs, Mapi León den Irene Paredes. She start de first qualifying match for de 2023 World Cup against de Faroe Islands insyd wich she score de last goal of de match, wey conclude plus a result of 10–0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |title=Islas Feroe-España {{!}} Mundial femenino 2023 |url=https://es.uefa.com/womensworldcup/match/2032314--faroe-islands-vs-spain/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323072929/https://es.uefa.com/womensworldcup/match/2032314--faroe-islands-vs-spain/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=[[UEFA]] |language=es}}</ref> Na dem call am up to de first list of those dem select for de Euro 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-10 |title=OFICIAL {{!}} Esta es la primera lista de convocadas por la Selección española femenina con vistas a la EURO 2022 {{!}} SEFutbol |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-esta-es-primera-lista-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-vistas-euro-2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610092453/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-esta-es-primera-lista-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-vistas-euro-2022 |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> On 27 June, she be part of de final call to compete insyd de Euro.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-28 |title=OFICIAL {{!}} Esta es la lista de convocadas por la Selección española femenina para la EURO 2022 {{!}} SEFutbol |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-esta-es-lista-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-euro-2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628211755/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-esta-es-lista-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-euro-2022 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na she be part of ''Las 15'', a group of 15 players wey withdraw demaselves from de national team insyd a rift plus de national team coach Jorge Vilda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Rob |title=15 Players from Spain's Women's National Team Resign in Protest Against Jorge Vilda |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10049939-15-players-from-spains-womens-national-team-resign-in-protest-against-jorge-vilda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911112415/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10049939-15-players-from-spains-womens-national-team-resign-in-protest-against-jorge-vilda |archive-date=11 September 2023 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Spain women's team 'mutiny' & why players have resigned from national team {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/explained-spain-womens-team-mutiny-why-players-resigned/blt64e6bb94121c2d5d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905180556/https://www.goal.com/en/news/explained-spain-womens-team-mutiny-why-players-resigned/blt64e6bb94121c2d5d |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> On 10 June 2025, na dem call Aleixandri up to de Spain squad for de UEFA Euro 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=OFFICIAL: Montse Tomé announces her squad for the European Championships in Switzerland |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613113504/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> == Career statistics == === Club === {{updated|match played 12 November 2025}}<ref name="int.soccerway.com">{{cite web |title=Spain - L. Alexandri - Profile with news, career statistics and history |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/401030/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129180355/https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/401030/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by club, season den competition |- ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup ! colspan="2" |League cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Oda ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan="6" |[[Atlético Madrid Femenino|Atlético Madrid]] |2017–18 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |7||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||1||0|| colspan="2" |—||8||0 |- |2018–19 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |18||2||4||0|| colspan="2" |—||3||0|| colspan="2" |—||25||2 |- |2019–20 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |20||1||1||0|| colspan="2" | —||4||0||1||0||26||1 |- |2020–21 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |31||1||2||0|| colspan="2" | —||4||0||2||0||39||1 |- |2021–22 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |29||4||1||0|| colspan="2" | —||0||0||2||0||32||4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !105!!8!!8!!0!! colspan="2" |—!!12!!0!!5!!0!!130!!8 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Manchester City W.F.C.|Manchester City]] |[[2022–23 Manchester City W.F.C. season|2022–23]] |[[Women's Super League]] |16||0||3||0||4||0||2||0|| colspan="2" |—||25||0 |- |[[2023–24 Manchester City W.F.C. season|2023–24]] |Women's Super League |21||1||3||1||5||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||29||2 |- |[[2024–25 Manchester City W.F.C. season|2024–25]] |Women's Super League |18||1||4||0||3||0||8||0|| colspan="2" |—||33||1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55!!2!!10!!1!!12!!0!!10!!0!! colspan="2" |—!!87!!3 |- |- | rowspan="2" |[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] |[[2025–26 FC Barcelona Femení season|2025–26]] |[[Liga F]] |9||3||—||—||colspan="2" |—||2||0||—||—||11||3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9!!3!!—!!—!!colspan="2" |—!!2!!0!!—!!—!!11!!3 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !169!!13!!18!!1!!12!!0!!24!!0!!5!!0!!228!!14 |} === International === {{updated|match played 30 May 2025}}<ref name="int.soccerway.com"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan="7" |[[Spain women's national football team|Spain]] |2019||1||1 |- |2020||0||0 |- |2021||3||0 |- |2022||12||1 |- |2023||6||0 |- |2024||13||0 |- |2025||5||1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total!!40!!3 |} :''Scores den results list Spain ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Aleixandri goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals wey Laia Aleixandri score |- ! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition |- | 1. || 17 May 2019 || [[Estadio Pedro Escartín]], [[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]], [[Spain]] || {{fbw|CMR}} ||align=center| '''4'''–0 ||align=center| 4–0 || [[Exhibition match|Friendly]] |- | 2. || 16 September 2021 || [[Tórsvøllur]], [[Tórshavn]], [[Faroe Islands]] || {{fbw|FRO}} || align=center|'''10'''–0 || align=center| 10–0 || [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification - UEFA Group B|2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification]] |- | 3. || 4 April 2025 || [[Estádio Capital do Móvel]], [[Paços de Ferreira]], [[Portugal]] || {{fbw|POR}} || align=center|'''2'''–1 || align=center| 4–2 || [[2025 UEFA Women's Nations League A|2025 UEFA Women's Nations League]] |- |} == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aleixandri, Laia}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Santa Coloma de Gramenet]] [[Category:Sportswomen wey komot Catalonia]] [[Category:Spanish women's footballers]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení B players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid Femenino players]] [[Category:Liga F players]] [[Category:Spain women's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Spain women's international footballers]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players]] [[Category:Spanish expatriate women's footballers]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd England]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish sportswomen]] [[Category:Spanish expatriate sportspeople insyd England]] [[Category:Women's Super League players]] [[Category:Catalonia women's international footballers]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2025 players]] [[Category:Women's association football central defenders]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení players]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Champions League–winning players]] 3peaoz5c669arj2w4ty0xpdxkf7wnhu 109156 109155 2026-08-05T21:01:50Z DaSupremo 9 /* Honours */ Improve article 109156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Laia Aleixandri López''' (Catalan: &#x5B;ˈlajə ələˈʃandɾi ˈlɔpəθ&#x5D;; born 25 August 2000) be a Spanish professional footballer wey dey play as centre-back anaa defensive midfielder give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] den de Spain national team.<ref name="AS18">{{cite news|title=Laia Aleixandri, el muro de La Rojita|trans-title=Laia Aleixandri, the wall of La Rojita|url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html|access-date=25 October 2021|language=es|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=21 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207174926/https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd January 2020, na dem name am by UEFA as one of de 10 most promising young players insyd Europe.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ten for the future: UEFA.com's women players to watch for 2020|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0264-1118ddb80d91-9edfaadd1b69-1000--ten-women-players-to-watch-for-2020/?iv=true|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=[[UEFA]]|date=2 January 2020|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207025809/https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0264-1118ddb80d91-9edfaadd1b69-1000--ten-women-players-to-watch-for-2020/?iv=true|url-status=live}}</ref> == Club career == === Youth === Laia start dey play football wen na she be 4 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roldán |first=Isabel |date=2015-03-23 |title=Laia Aleixandri, con 14 años, es la benjamina de la Sub-17 |url=https://as.com/futbol/2015/03/23/mas_futbol/1427134699_120723.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041929/https://as.com/futbol/2015/03/23/mas_futbol/1427134699_120723.html |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Diario AS |language=es}}</ref> Between 2006 den 2008 she play give CE Arrabal Calaf insyd de youngest category. Insyd 2008 she start dey play at CE Sant Gabriel wer she stay for four years. She enter de youth ranks of FC Barcelona at de age of 11 wey she play for three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gil |first=Aimara G. |date=2018-08-21 |title=Laia Aleixandri, el muro de La Rojita |url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207174926/https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Diario AS |language=es}}</ref> === FC Barcelona "B" === Insyd de 2015–16 season, Laia join Barcelona B, wey she make ein debut insyd de Second Division at de age of 14 on de U17 team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantilla Femenino B {{!}} Canal Oficial FC Barcelona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/football/formatiu-femeni/femeni-b/jugadors |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080513/https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/football/formatiu-femeni/femeni-b/jugadors |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.fcbarcelona.es |language=es}}</ref> Na dem be proclaimed champion of dema group plus 72 points insyd 26 games.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Femenino B, campeón de la Segunda División |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/noticias/1068332/el-femenino-b-campeon-de-la-segunda-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080515/https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/noticias/1068332/el-femenino-b-campeon-de-la-segunda-division |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.fcbarcelona.es |language=es}}</ref> Insyd de 2016–17 season, na she once again be part of de club ein B squad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notícies del Formatiu Femení {{!}} Canal Oficial FC Barcelona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/futbol/formatiu-femeni/femeni-b/noticies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080512/https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/futbol/formatiu-femeni/femeni-b/noticies |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.fcbarcelona.cat |language=ca}}</ref> Dat season dem once san cam be champions of dema category plus 60 points.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El filial concluye otra gran temporada |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/futbol/femenino-a/noticias/764847/el-filial-concluye-otra-gran-temporada |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.fcbarcelona.es |language=es}}</ref> === Atlético Madrid === Laia sign give Atlético Madrid wey she make ein debut on 2 September 2017 insyd de First Division insyd an away match against Fundación Albacete, wey dem earn a 3–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-02 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Laia, Ludmila, Carla, Kaci y Viola debutaron como rojiblancas |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-ludmila-carla-kaci-y-viola-debutaron-como-rojiblancas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929152905/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-ludmila-carla-kaci-y-viola-debutaron-como-rojiblancas |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-10 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Laia Aleixandri, nuevo refuerzo del Atlético de Madrid Femenino |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-aleixandri-nuevo-refuerzo-del-atletico-de-madrid-femenino |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524134329/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-aleixandri-nuevo-refuerzo-del-atletico-de-madrid-femenino |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> On 25 April 2018, she suffer a fracture of de ulna den radius of ein right arm while playing plus de U20 national team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-26 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Laia Aleixandri sufre una fractura de cúbito y radio |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-aleixandri-sufre-una-fractura-de-cubito-y-radio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041851/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/laia-aleixandri-sufre-una-fractura-de-cubito-y-radio |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> Laia play seven league games insyd de 2017–18 season wey she end up becoming champion of de League den runner-up insyd de national cup plus Atlético Madrid.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Confidencial |first=El |date=2018-05-13 |title=El Atlético de Madrid vuelve a sorprender al Barça y se lleva la liga femenina |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/futbol/2018-05-13/atletico-de-madrid-feminas-campeon-liga-iberdrola_1563066/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041929/https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/futbol/2018-05-13/atletico-de-madrid-feminas-campeon-liga-iberdrola_1563066/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=elconfidencial.com |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-02 |title=Fútbol Femenino: Mariona Caldentey da la Copa de la Reina al Barcelona con un gol en el último minuto |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/06/02/5b12aa32ca4741093a8b4647.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929203158/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/06/02/5b12aa32ca4741093a8b4647.html |archive-date=29 September 2021 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Marca.com |language=es}}</ref> Laia play insyd de U-20 World Cup plus an outstanding performance, wey she establish einself as a starter insyd de 2018–19 season. On 4 November 2018, she score ein first goal plus Atlético against Levante wey na dem choose am Player of de Match.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-04 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Importante triunfo ante el Levante |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/importante-triunfo-ante-el-levante |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041852/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/importante-triunfo-ante-el-levante |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=¿Quién fue la mejor jugadora de la jornada ocho de la Liga Iberdrola? |url=https://www.laliga.com/noticias/quien-fue-la-mejor-jugadora-de-la-jornada-ocho-de-la-liga-iberdrola |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080511/https://www.laliga.com/noticias/quien-fue-la-mejor-jugadora-de-la-jornada-ocho-de-la-liga-iberdrola |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Página web oficial de LALIGA {{!}} LALIGA |language=es}}</ref> She continue to be a starter thru out de league season, wey she miss only one game secof injury den anoda secof suspension. Insyd May 2019, she achieve ein second League title.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Giovio|first=Eleonora|date=2019-05-06|title=El Atlético de Madrid Femenino gana su tercera Liga Iberdrola consecutiva|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/05/05/actualidad/1557062473_440532.html|access-date=2024-03-22|work=El País|language=es|issn=1134-6582|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409222009/https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/05/05/actualidad/1557062473_440532.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Insyd de Copa de la Reina, she get a prominent role insyd de semi-finals wey she play insyd de final wer Atlético be runners-up to Real Sociedad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-11 |title=La Real Sociedad hace historia con la conquista de la Copa de la Reina |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2019/05/11/5cd7083f268e3e667e8b459a.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517055306/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2019/05/11/5cd7083f268e3e667e8b459a.html |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Marca.com |language=es}}</ref> During de 2019–20 season, she establish einself as a starter. She play 20 league games before na e be suspended secof de [[COVID-19]] pandemic wey dem fini as runner-up insyd de league. Insyd de 2020–21 season, she debut as captain insyd November,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernández |first=Andrés España |date=2020-11-09 |title=Laia Aleixandri, una capitana de futuro |url=https://www.atleticosport.es/2020/11/09/laia-aleixandri-una-capitana-de-futuro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080511/https://www.atleticosport.es/2020/11/09/laia-aleixandri-una-capitana-de-futuro/ |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Atletico Sport |language=es}}</ref> wey na dem name am fourth captain insyd December.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-23 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Amanda Sampedro, Meseguer, Menayo y Laia Aleixandri, capitanas para esta temporada |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/amanda-sampedro-meseguer-menayo-y-laia-aleixandri-capitanas-para-esta-temporada |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815223054/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/amanda-sampedro-meseguer-menayo-y-laia-aleixandri-capitanas-para-esta-temporada |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> Insyd December, she be included insyd de Football Draft Golden Eleven for ein performances during de season.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Once de Oro Femenino, un equipo de muchos quilates |url=https://www.futboldraft.com/noticias/www.futboldraft.com/noticias/once-oro-femenino-equipo-muchos-quilates |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.futboldraft.com |language=es}}</ref> Insyd January 2021, she win de Super Cup wey na dem name am best player of de championship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laia Aleixandri, Mejor Jugadora de la Supercopa de España Iberdrola {{!}} www.rfef.es |url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/laia-aleixandri-mejor-jugadora-supercopa-espana-iberdrola |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080511/https://rfef.es/es/noticias/laia-aleixandri-mejor-jugadora-supercopa-espana-iberdrola |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Web oficial de la Real Federación Española de Fútbol. |language=es}}</ref> Then dem choose am best player of de month for February den March by de fans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fútbol Mahou |url=https://twitter.com/futbolmahou/status/1370781705691295745 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080511/https://twitter.com/futbolmahou/status/1370781705691295745 |archive-date=22 March 2024 |access-date=22 March 2024}}</ref> Insyd March 2021, de IFFHS include am insyd ein UEFA Under-20 Team of de Year 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFFHS |url=https://iffhs.com/en/news/uefa-youth-woman-team-of-the-year-2020-u20-by-iffhs-1022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002235154/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1022 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.iffhs.com}}</ref> Insyd de 2021–22 season, she score a double insyd de 5–0 victory over Rayo Vallecano.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-04 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Goleada en el estreno liguero |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/cronica-femenino-rayo-femenino |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127122250/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/cronica-femenino-rayo-femenino |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> Insyd October 2021, dem choose am insyd de Golden Eleven of Football Draft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pedri, Ferran Torres, Ansu Fati, Berta Pujadas, Athenea y Nerea Eizagirre, en los Onces de Oro de Futbol Draft 2020/2021 |url=https://www.futboldraft.com/noticias/www.futboldraft.com/noticias/premiados-futbol-draft-2020-2021 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.futboldraft.com |language=es}}</ref> A regular starter insyd de team, insyd January 2022 dem install ein commemorative plaque on de club ein legends walk, wich dey certify she play more dan 100 games give Atlético Madrid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-28 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Aleixandri, Menayo, Ludmila y Lola Gallardo ya tienen su placa en el Wanda Metropolitano |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/aleixandri-menayo-ludmila-y-lola-gallardo-ya-tienen-su-placa-en-el-wanda-metropolitano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815223055/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/aleixandri-menayo-ludmila-y-lola-gallardo-ya-tienen-su-placa-en-el-wanda-metropolitano |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> === Manchester City === After anoda year she be a key pillar at Atlético Madrid, on 9 June 2022, both Laia den Manchester City announce she go join de club at de beginning of de 2022–23 season. Laia score insyd de 74th minute insyd de 1–0 win over Arsenal insyd de fifth round of de 2023–24 FA Cup, wey advance Manchester City to de quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Man City beat Arsenal to reach Women's FA Cup last eight|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68257278|access-date=2024-03-23|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|archive-date=23 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323232017/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68257278|url-status=live}}</ref> Dem announce ein departure from de club dey follow de last game of de 2024–25 season on 10 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Emons|first1=Michael|title=Aleixandri to leave Man City on free transfer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/czelgrre5eyo|date=2025-05-10|access-date=2025-05-31|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250511110702/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/czelgrre5eyo|url-status=live}}</ref> == International career == === Youth === Plus de U-16 national team, na dem call Laia up to play insyd de UEFA Development Tournament on 9 February 2015. She be proclaimed champion of de tournament along plus ein teammates after beating Scotland, Germany, den Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-11 |title=España, campeona del Torneo de Desarrollo de la UEFA {{!}} SEFutbol |url=http://www.sefutbol.com/espana-campeona-del-torneo-desarrollo-uefa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111173712/http://www.sefutbol.com/espana-campeona-del-torneo-desarrollo-uefa |archive-date=11 November 2018 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> Laia debute plus de Spain U-17 team on 11 March 2015 at de age of 14 insyd Spain ein 1–0 victory over England insyd a friendly match, insyd wich she score de winning goal. On 22 March, she debut insyd an official match against Russia plus a three-zero victory, wey she score one of de goals. Dat summer, dem call am up for de U-17 European Championship wer she cam be champion by defeating Switzerland by 5–2 insyd de final.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 UEFA European U-17 Championship |url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Publications/uefaorg/General/02/25/59/49/2255949_DOWNLOAD.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907123412/http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Publications/uefaorg/General/02/25/59/49/2255949_DOWNLOAD.pdf |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> Na dem choose Laia as part of de Best Team of de tournament. Insyd 2016, she san play insyd de U-17 European Championship wer Spain loose de final on penalties against Germany, wey dem san choose Laia insyd de team of de tournament. Dat same year, she play insyd de 2016 FIFA U-17 World Cup, wer Laia start insyd all de matches.<ref name="AS18">{{cite news|title=Laia Aleixandri, el muro de La Rojita|trans-title=Laia Aleixandri, the wall of La Rojita|url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html|access-date=25 October 2021|language=es|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=21 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207174926/https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/21/seleccion/1534883885_857180.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She score against New Zealand insyd de group stage wey na dem choose am Player of de Match. Na dem nominate am for de Golden Ball of de tournament, wey she make de Best Team of de tournament. Spain fini as runners-up. Insyd 2017, she play ein third U-17 European Championship, captaining de team wey dem loose on penalties insyd de final. Na Laia once again dey part of de tournament ein best team. Laia play a total of 34 games plus de U-17 national team wey she score 7 goals, wey she be de player wey play de most games insyd dis category.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-28 |title=Laia Aleixandri, talento del Barça, al Atlético |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170629/423753473527/laia-aleixandri-femenino-barca-atletico.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041929/https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170629/423753473527/laia-aleixandri-femenino-barca-atletico.html |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Mundo Deportivo |language=es}}</ref> On 5 September 2017, na dem call up Laia to de U-19 national team. Laia debut insyd dis category on 12 September 2017 insyd Florence against Italy insyd a match wey end plus a 2–2 draw. Dem call up Laia plus de U-20 national team to compete insyd de 2018 World Cup insyd France.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-13 |title=Club Atlético de Madrid - Misa, Menayo y Laia convocadas con España para el Mundial Sub-20 de Francia 2018 |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/misa-menayo-y-laia-convocadas-con-espana-para-el-mundial-sub-20-de-francia-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919194443/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/misa-menayo-y-laia-convocadas-con-espana-para-el-mundial-sub-20-de-francia-2018 |archive-date=19 September 2024 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Club Atlético de Madrid |language=es-ES}}</ref> She start as a substitute buh an injury to Ona Batlle insyd de first match wey allow am to play de rest of de games as a starter. Na Spain be runners-up insyd de world after dem loose 3–1 insyd de final against Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=¡Japón, campeona del mundo! (1-3) |url=https://inside.fifa.com/es/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/france2018/news/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.com/japon-campeona-del-mundo-1-3 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=inside.fifa.com |language=es}}</ref> She participate as a starter insyd de qualification for de 2019 U-19 European Championship. She play all four matches insyd de finals insyd Scotland as a starter, wey she make ein debut against Belgium as captain of de team wey she score de team ein second goal by heading in a corner kick insyd a 2–1 victory. Insyd de second match dem beat England 1–0, plus wich dem qualify for de semi-final den for de 2020 U-20 World Cup. Insyd de third match, dem tie 0–0 against Germany, wey be second group by goal difference.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-23 |title=CRONICA {{!}} España suma un punto frente a Alemania (0-0) {{!}} SEFutbol |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-suma-punto-frente-alemania-0-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723093704/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-suma-punto-frente-alemania-0-0 |archive-date=23 July 2019 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> === Senior === She debut plus de senior national team on 17 May 2019 insyd a friendly against Cameroon in preparation give de World Cup insyd France, insyd wich she score a goal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-07 |title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4-0) {{!}} SEFutbol |url=https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> On 27 November 2020, she play ein second match den ein first insyd official competition insyd de 10–0 victory over Moldova. Since then she be regularly called up as a replacement for de starting centre-backs, Mapi León den Irene Paredes. She start de first qualifying match for de 2023 World Cup against de Faroe Islands insyd wich she score de last goal of de match, wey conclude plus a result of 10–0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |title=Islas Feroe-España {{!}} Mundial femenino 2023 |url=https://es.uefa.com/womensworldcup/match/2032314--faroe-islands-vs-spain/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323072929/https://es.uefa.com/womensworldcup/match/2032314--faroe-islands-vs-spain/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=[[UEFA]] |language=es}}</ref> Na dem call am up to de first list of those dem select for de Euro 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-10 |title=OFICIAL {{!}} Esta es la primera lista de convocadas por la Selección española femenina con vistas a la EURO 2022 {{!}} SEFutbol |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-esta-es-primera-lista-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-vistas-euro-2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610092453/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-esta-es-primera-lista-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-vistas-euro-2022 |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> On 27 June, she be part of de final call to compete insyd de Euro.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-28 |title=OFICIAL {{!}} Esta es la lista de convocadas por la Selección española femenina para la EURO 2022 {{!}} SEFutbol |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-esta-es-lista-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-euro-2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628211755/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-esta-es-lista-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-euro-2022 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> Insyd 2023, na she be part of ''Las 15'', a group of 15 players wey withdraw demaselves from de national team insyd a rift plus de national team coach Jorge Vilda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Rob |title=15 Players from Spain's Women's National Team Resign in Protest Against Jorge Vilda |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10049939-15-players-from-spains-womens-national-team-resign-in-protest-against-jorge-vilda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911112415/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10049939-15-players-from-spains-womens-national-team-resign-in-protest-against-jorge-vilda |archive-date=11 September 2023 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Spain women's team 'mutiny' & why players have resigned from national team {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/explained-spain-womens-team-mutiny-why-players-resigned/blt64e6bb94121c2d5d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905180556/https://www.goal.com/en/news/explained-spain-womens-team-mutiny-why-players-resigned/blt64e6bb94121c2d5d |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> On 10 June 2025, na dem call Aleixandri up to de Spain squad for de UEFA Euro 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=OFFICIAL: Montse Tomé announces her squad for the European Championships in Switzerland |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613113504/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> == Career statistics == === Club === {{updated|match played 12 November 2025}}<ref name="int.soccerway.com">{{cite web |title=Spain - L. Alexandri - Profile with news, career statistics and history |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/401030/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129180355/https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/401030/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by club, season den competition |- ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup ! colspan="2" |League cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Oda ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan="6" |[[Atlético Madrid Femenino|Atlético Madrid]] |2017–18 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |7||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||1||0|| colspan="2" |—||8||0 |- |2018–19 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |18||2||4||0|| colspan="2" |—||3||0|| colspan="2" |—||25||2 |- |2019–20 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |20||1||1||0|| colspan="2" | —||4||0||1||0||26||1 |- |2020–21 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |31||1||2||0|| colspan="2" | —||4||0||2||0||39||1 |- |2021–22 |[[Liga F|Primera División]] |29||4||1||0|| colspan="2" | —||0||0||2||0||32||4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !105!!8!!8!!0!! colspan="2" |—!!12!!0!!5!!0!!130!!8 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Manchester City W.F.C.|Manchester City]] |[[2022–23 Manchester City W.F.C. season|2022–23]] |[[Women's Super League]] |16||0||3||0||4||0||2||0|| colspan="2" |—||25||0 |- |[[2023–24 Manchester City W.F.C. season|2023–24]] |Women's Super League |21||1||3||1||5||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||29||2 |- |[[2024–25 Manchester City W.F.C. season|2024–25]] |Women's Super League |18||1||4||0||3||0||8||0|| colspan="2" |—||33||1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55!!2!!10!!1!!12!!0!!10!!0!! colspan="2" |—!!87!!3 |- |- | rowspan="2" |[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] |[[2025–26 FC Barcelona Femení season|2025–26]] |[[Liga F]] |9||3||—||—||colspan="2" |—||2||0||—||—||11||3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9!!3!!—!!—!!colspan="2" |—!!2!!0!!—!!—!!11!!3 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !169!!13!!18!!1!!12!!0!!24!!0!!5!!0!!228!!14 |} === International === {{updated|match played 30 May 2025}}<ref name="int.soccerway.com"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan="7" |[[Spain women's national football team|Spain]] |2019||1||1 |- |2020||0||0 |- |2021||3||0 |- |2022||12||1 |- |2023||6||0 |- |2024||13||0 |- |2025||5||1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total!!40!!3 |} :''Scores den results list Spain ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Aleixandri goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals wey Laia Aleixandri score |- ! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition |- | 1. || 17 May 2019 || [[Estadio Pedro Escartín]], [[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]], [[Spain]] || {{fbw|CMR}} ||align=center| '''4'''–0 ||align=center| 4–0 || [[Exhibition match|Friendly]] |- | 2. || 16 September 2021 || [[Tórsvøllur]], [[Tórshavn]], [[Faroe Islands]] || {{fbw|FRO}} || align=center|'''10'''–0 || align=center| 10–0 || [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification - UEFA Group B|2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification]] |- | 3. || 4 April 2025 || [[Estádio Capital do Móvel]], [[Paços de Ferreira]], [[Portugal]] || {{fbw|POR}} || align=center|'''2'''–1 || align=center| 4–2 || [[2025 UEFA Women's Nations League A|2025 UEFA Women's Nations League]] |- |} == Honours == '''Atletico de Madrid''' * [[Primera División (women)|Primera División]]: [[:es:Primera División Femenina de España#Historial|2016–17]], [[:es:Primera División Femenina de España#Historial|2017–2018]], [[:es:Primera División Femenina de España#Historial|2018–19]] * [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] runner-up: [[2018 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2018]], [[2018–19 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2019]] '''Barcelona B''' * [[Segunda División (women)|Segunda División]]: 2015–16, 2016–17 '''Barcelona''' * [[Liga F]]: [[2025–26 Liga F|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marsden |first1=Sam |title=Barcelona win 7th straight Liga F title to further quadruple quest |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48550618/barcelona-liga-f-champions-title-women-treble |website=espn.com |access-date=22 April 2026 |language=en |date=22 April 2026}}</ref> * Copa de la Reina: [[2025–26 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marsden |first1=Sam |title=Barcelona win Copa de la Reina, stay on track for quadruple |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/48794094/barcelona-win-copa-de-la-reina-stay-track-quadruple |website=espn.co.uk |access-date=17 May 2026 |language=en |date=17 May 2026}}</ref> * [[UEFA Women's Champions League]]: [[2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Fourth Champions League title in six seasons |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/4508745/fourth-champions-league-title-in-six-seasons |publisher=FC Barcelona Femení |access-date=23 May 2026 |language=es |date=23 May 2026}}</ref> '''Spain U17''' * [[UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship]]: [[2015 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship|2015]] '''Spain U19''' * [[UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship]]: [[2017 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship|2017]]; runner-up: [[2016 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship|2016]] '''Spain U20''' * [[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]] runner-up: [[2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2018]] '''Spain''' * [[UEFA Women's Championship]] runner-up: [[UEFA Women's Euro 2025|2025]]<ref>{{cite web |title=England 1-1 Spain |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/match/2044383--england-vs-spain |website=uefa.com |access-date=28 July 2025 |language=en |date=27 July 2025}}</ref> * [[UEFA Women's Nations League]]: [[2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League|2023–24]],<ref>{{cite web |date=28 February 2024 |title=Women's Nations League final: World Cup winners Spain beat France 2–0 in Seville |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68430599 |access-date=28 February 2024 |website=BBC Sport |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313120304/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68430599 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2025 UEFA Women's Nations League|2025]] '''Individual''' * [[PFA Team of the Year|PFA WSL Team of the Year]]: [[PFA Team of the Year (2020s)#Women's Super League 2|2023–24]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2024/8/20/pfa-wsl-team-of-the-year-2024|title=PFA WSL Team of the Year|publisher=Professional Footballers' Association|access-date=21 August 2024|date=20 August 2024|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102135/https://www.thepfa.com/news/2024/8/20/pfa-wsl-team-of-the-year-2024|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{Commons}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aleixandri, Laia}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Santa Coloma de Gramenet]] [[Category:Sportswomen wey komot Catalonia]] [[Category:Spanish women's footballers]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení B players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid Femenino players]] [[Category:Liga F players]] [[Category:Spain women's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Spain women's international footballers]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players]] [[Category:Spanish expatriate women's footballers]] [[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd England]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish sportswomen]] [[Category:Spanish expatriate sportspeople insyd England]] [[Category:Women's Super League players]] [[Category:Catalonia women's international footballers]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2025 players]] [[Category:Women's association football central defenders]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení players]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Champions League–winning players]] tbr9m4j83rxhtf0arhpnaoikeza2atu Patricia Guijarro 0 29211 109157 109065 2026-08-05T21:24:16Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 109157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Guijarro Gutiérrez''' (born 17 May 1998) be a Spanish professional footballer wey primarily dey play as a holding anaa central midfielder give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. Dem mostly deploy am as a "number six", she be widely recognised as one of de best deep-lying playmakers insyd football. Guijarro play a major role insyd Spain ein most recent youth national team success, wey dey make important contributions to dema under-17, under-19, den under-20 teams. Most notably, she receive de Golden Ball den Golden Boot at de 2018 U-20 World Cup as Spain fini second.<ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Additionally, after ein transfer to [[FC Barcelona Femení]] from UD Collerense insyd 2015, she find both domestic success den European success plus de club. Na Patri be part of de Barcelona squad wey reach dema first Champions League final insyd 2019, as well as she be integral part of de Barcelona side wey win de 2020–21 UEFA Champions League.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She score two goals insyd de 2023 Champions League final as she win ein second Champions League title plus Barcelona. Ein performances give Spain ein youth teams, senior side dem Barcelona make am widely considered one of de best midfielders insyd de world.<ref name="theguardian2018">{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=7 December 2018 |title=The Guardian elige a cuatro españolas entre las 100 mejores futbolistas del planeta |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/12/07/5c0a5553ca474146178b45e1.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Jessy Parker Humphreys |date=12 December 2022 |title=Ranked! The 10 best women's defensive midfielders in the world |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-10-best-womens-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ibaceta|first=Alex|date=25 July 2025|title=The value of Spain's Patri Guijarro: 'Watch her play and you can't help but smile'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/jul/25/patri-guijarro-value-spain-womens-euro-2025|access-date=10 January 2026|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Early life == Dem born Patricia Guijarro on 17 May 1998, insyd Palma, de capital city of de island of Mallorca. She recount dem born am into a "football family" wey she share an interest insyd de sport plus ein parents since a young age.<ref name="victoriamagprofile">{{cite web |last1=Sorolla |first1=Dani |date=30 November 2018 |title=PATRI GUIJARRO: "VEO POCO FÚTBOL MASCULINO" |url=http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225745/http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=victoriamag.es |publisher=Victoria Mag}}</ref> She start dey play football at age seven under ein poppie ein influence.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mendiola |first1=Luis |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patricia Guijarro toca el cielo |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050211/https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> Na de first club she play give for ein hometown club CF Patronato.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Club career == === Collerense === At fourteen years old, na dem call Guijarro up to play plus de youth levels of de UD Collerense squad after she no longer be allowed to play plus boys.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem promote am to Collerense ein first team at just fifteen years old. Insyd a match against [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]], she catch de attention of then Barcelona coach Xavi Llorens wey move to sign am de following summer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Borrego |first1=Á. |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, del patio del colegio a la gloria |url=https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421031319/https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |archive-date=21 April 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=eldesmarque.com |publisher=El Desmarque}}</ref> === Barcelona === [[File:2019-05-17_Fußball,_Frauen,_UEFA_Women's_Champions_League,_Olympique_Lyonnais_-_FC_Barcelona_StP_0886_LR10_by_Stepro.jpg|right|thumb|Guijarro dey warm up plus [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] before de 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final]] Na dem finalise Patri ein transfer from Collerense to [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] insyd June 2015 plus a three-year deal.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=Patri Guijarro firma por tres temporadas con el Barça |url=http://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012090845/https://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |archive-date=12 October 2023 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=deportebalear.com |publisher=Deporte Balear}}</ref> She make ein debut give de Blaugrana aged 17 insyd de 2015–16 season. At de start of de 2017–18 season, she score insyd a 3–0 Copa Catalunya victory against Espanyol, wey she earn ein third Copa Catalunya trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 August 2017 |title=FC Barcelona 3–0 RCD Espanyol: Two magical minutes secure Copa Catalunya |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232757/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-final of de 2017–18 Champions League, Patri score ein first ever UWCL goal away at Lyon wey help keep Barcelona insyd de tie.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2018 |title=Olympique Lyon v FC Barcelona Women: All to play for! (2–1) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de home leg, however, na Barcelona be de victims of a Eugénie Le Sommer strike wey Guijarro nearly knock off de goal-line, wey dem exit insyd de quarter-finals to de eventual tournament winners.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=FC Barcelona 0–1 Lyon: It wasn't to be |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711127/fc-barcelona-0-1-lyon-it-wasnt-to-be |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> She play insyd each of Barcelona ein matches insyd de 2018 Copa de la Reina, wey dey include de semi-final wey go to penalties. Patri successfully convert ein penalty as Barcelona advance to dema seventh Copa de la Reina final.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – FC Barcelona – Atlético de Madrid, gran final de la Copa de SM la Reina |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> She start de final against Atlético Madrid wey go to extra time wey na e be rescued by a Mariona Caldentey goal insyd de 122nd minute wey win am ein second Copa de la Reina title.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=El Barcelona consigue su sexta Copa de la Reina al ganar al Atlético |url=https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301001310/https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rtve.es |publisher=[[RTVE]]}}</ref> For a large portion of de 2018–19 season, na Guijarro be sidelined plus a ganglion cyst injury on ein right foot wey last almost 5 months wey require two operations.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem discharge am from injury hours before de 2019 Champions League Final, buh she no feature insyd Barcelona ein 4–1 loss to Lyon later dat day.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2019 |title=The UEFA Women's Champions League final, AS IT HAPPENED |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1221333/the-uefa-womens-champions-league-final-as-it-happened |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> At de start of de 2019–20 season, na dem give Patri a captaincy role for de first time by becoming de team ein fifth-choice captain.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Les cinc capitanes del Barça Femení |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095541/https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.cat |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd February 2020, she play insyd de first edition of de Supercopa de España Femenina, wey na she be de first Barcelona player to score insyd de semi-finals against Atlético Madrid plus a volley from outsyd de box.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Atlético Madrid 2–3 Barça: Super Cup finalists! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232758/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Patri Guijarro nos revela los códigos de su misil |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163641/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Guijarro start de final against Real Sociedad, a huge 10–1 win wey earn Barça den Patri dema first ever Supercopa de España Femenina trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 February 2020 |title=Real Sociedad 1–10 Barça Women: Super Cup Champions! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232754/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de first game of Barcelona ein 2020–21 league season, Patri score de opening goal insyd a match against Real Madrid Femenino to make am de first goalscorer insyd de Women's Clásico.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Real Madrid v Barça Women: The first Clásico is blaugrana (0–4) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1854125/real-madrid-v-bara-women-the-first-clsico-is-blaugrana-0-4 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Later dat same season, Guijarro start de 2021 Champions League Final on 16 May 2021, wer she for play out of position as a right-sided centre-back secof regular central defensive starter Andrea Pereira be suspended for de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2021 |title=Women's Champions League final: Meet the teams – Barcelona |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0269-1240398cde16-0106595a5d46-1000--meet-the-teams-barcelona/ |access-date=19 May 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A day before ein 23rd birthday, Patri play all 90 minutes as Barça destroy Chelsea 4–0 insyd de final to win dema first-ever Champions League (UWCL) trophy den to cam be de first Spanish women's side to plete de treble.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Mayca |date=18 May 2021 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Ahora vamos a ir a por el triplete a muerte" |url=https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |accessdate=19 May 2021 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of first-captain Vicky Losada, Guijarro step into de fourth-captaincy role ahead of de 2021–22 season.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=The four women's team captains |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813115710/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |archive-date=13 August 2021 |accessdate=13 August 2021 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de 2022–23 campaign, Patri make 40 appearances as Barcelona retain de Spanish title once more wey na she be instrumental to dema Champions League triumph. Plus Barça 2–0 down to Wolfsburg insyd de final, Guijarro score twice insyd de first five minutes of de second half to spark a dramatic 3–2 comeback victory give de Blaugrana, wey dey culminate plus Fridolina Rolfö' ein 70th-minute winner. After dis impressive performance, na dem name Patri de UWCL final Player of de Match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona's Patri Guijarro named official UEFA Women's Champions League final Player of the Match |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0282-182b51f66527-decb75dcc33f-1000--barcelona-s-patri-guijarro-named-official-uefa-women-s-ch/}}</ref> On 6 October 2023, Patri extend ein contract at Barcelona til June 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri Guijarro extends contract until 2027 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/3724212/patri-guijarro-extends-contract-until-2027 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Having develop into a world-class deep-lying midfielder, Guijarro receive a 2023 Ballon d'Or nomination, wer she place eighth insyd de final ranking. One of five Barcelona players dem give a perfect rating for dema perfect 2023–24 season, Patri start de most games as captain give de team wey she progress insyd ein leadership capabilities. Guijarro continue dey play as a central midfielder, wer ein high-quality passing mean de team ein play typically go thru am den ein positional sense allow de likes of Aitana Bonmatí, Alexia Putellas, Mariona den Clàudia Pina to shine in advanced attacking areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tikas |first=Maria |date=30 May 2024 |title=El 1x1 de una temporada perfecta |url=https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707000153/https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |archive-date=7 July 2024 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Diario Sport |language=es}}</ref> De 2023–24 campaign see Barça cam be de first Spanish women's team to plete a continental quadruple. De consistent Guijarro begin to receive regular worldwide acclaim. No be only wey she cam 11th insyd de ranking for de 2024 Ballon d'Or, buh na dem sanso include am insyd The Best FIFA Women's World XIs for both 2024 den 2025. Patri ein excellent form give club den country earn am yet anoda Ballon d'Or nomination insyd 2025, wer she achieve ein best-ever ranking of sixth position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aitana Bonmatí wins third consecutive Ballon d'Or |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4367601/aitana-bonmati-wins-third-consecutive-ballon-dor |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Herrero |first1=Laia Cervelló |last2=read |first2=Michael Cox·8 min |date=23 July 2025 |title=Will Patri Guijarro be the next Spain midfielder to win the Ballon d'Or? |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/patri-guijarro-next-spain-midfielder-041604272.html |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On 21 September 2025, Patri crown ein 350th match give Barcelona by assisting a goal for Vicky López, wich na e be de third goal of a 5–0 away win at Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sevilla 0-5 FC Barcelona: Perfect record |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/noticias/4366776/sevilla-fc-barcelona-pleno-de-victorias-0-5 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> On 16 October, Barça confirm say Guijarro suffer a stress fracture insyd de navicular bone wey she be set to be injured for around three months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical update on Patri Guijarro |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4383572/medical-update-on-patri-guijarro |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Patri be seen as an all-time Barça great, she play over 350 times give de club wey she score over 60 goals (as of de 2024–25 season). She be incredibly successful, wey she win a remarkable six Spanish league (Liga F) titles, three Champions Leagues, seven Copas de la Reina den five Supercopa de España Femenina trophies. == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q27916814|c=Category:Patricia Guijarro|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri Patricia Guijarro] at [[FC Barcelona (women)|FC Barcelona]] * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 Patricia Guijarro] at BDFutbol {{DEFAULTSORT:Guijarro, Patri}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Spanish women's footballers]] [[Category:Liga F players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení players]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Palma de Mallorca]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:Spain women's international footballers]] [[Category:UD Collerense (women) players]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players]] [[Category:Spain women's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Champions League–winning players]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish sportswomen]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2025 players]] hbge0kpgdouwferwmhaartzn64nx700 109158 109157 2026-08-05T21:24:43Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "International career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358060455|Patricia Guijarro]]" 109158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Guijarro Gutiérrez''' (born 17 May 1998) be a Spanish professional footballer wey primarily dey play as a holding anaa central midfielder give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. Dem mostly deploy am as a "number six", she be widely recognised as one of de best deep-lying playmakers insyd football. Guijarro play a major role insyd Spain ein most recent youth national team success, wey dey make important contributions to dema under-17, under-19, den under-20 teams. Most notably, she receive de Golden Ball den Golden Boot at de 2018 U-20 World Cup as Spain fini second.<ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Additionally, after ein transfer to [[FC Barcelona Femení]] from UD Collerense insyd 2015, she find both domestic success den European success plus de club. Na Patri be part of de Barcelona squad wey reach dema first Champions League final insyd 2019, as well as she be integral part of de Barcelona side wey win de 2020–21 UEFA Champions League.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She score two goals insyd de 2023 Champions League final as she win ein second Champions League title plus Barcelona. Ein performances give Spain ein youth teams, senior side dem Barcelona make am widely considered one of de best midfielders insyd de world.<ref name="theguardian2018">{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=7 December 2018 |title=The Guardian elige a cuatro españolas entre las 100 mejores futbolistas del planeta |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/12/07/5c0a5553ca474146178b45e1.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Jessy Parker Humphreys |date=12 December 2022 |title=Ranked! The 10 best women's defensive midfielders in the world |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-10-best-womens-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ibaceta|first=Alex|date=25 July 2025|title=The value of Spain's Patri Guijarro: 'Watch her play and you can't help but smile'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/jul/25/patri-guijarro-value-spain-womens-euro-2025|access-date=10 January 2026|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Early life == Dem born Patricia Guijarro on 17 May 1998, insyd Palma, de capital city of de island of Mallorca. She recount dem born am into a "football family" wey she share an interest insyd de sport plus ein parents since a young age.<ref name="victoriamagprofile">{{cite web |last1=Sorolla |first1=Dani |date=30 November 2018 |title=PATRI GUIJARRO: "VEO POCO FÚTBOL MASCULINO" |url=http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225745/http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=victoriamag.es |publisher=Victoria Mag}}</ref> She start dey play football at age seven under ein poppie ein influence.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mendiola |first1=Luis |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patricia Guijarro toca el cielo |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050211/https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> Na de first club she play give for ein hometown club CF Patronato.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Club career == === Collerense === At fourteen years old, na dem call Guijarro up to play plus de youth levels of de UD Collerense squad after she no longer be allowed to play plus boys.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem promote am to Collerense ein first team at just fifteen years old. Insyd a match against [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]], she catch de attention of then Barcelona coach Xavi Llorens wey move to sign am de following summer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Borrego |first1=Á. |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, del patio del colegio a la gloria |url=https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421031319/https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |archive-date=21 April 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=eldesmarque.com |publisher=El Desmarque}}</ref> === Barcelona === [[File:2019-05-17_Fußball,_Frauen,_UEFA_Women's_Champions_League,_Olympique_Lyonnais_-_FC_Barcelona_StP_0886_LR10_by_Stepro.jpg|right|thumb|Guijarro dey warm up plus [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] before de 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final]] Na dem finalise Patri ein transfer from Collerense to [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] insyd June 2015 plus a three-year deal.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=Patri Guijarro firma por tres temporadas con el Barça |url=http://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012090845/https://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |archive-date=12 October 2023 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=deportebalear.com |publisher=Deporte Balear}}</ref> She make ein debut give de Blaugrana aged 17 insyd de 2015–16 season. At de start of de 2017–18 season, she score insyd a 3–0 Copa Catalunya victory against Espanyol, wey she earn ein third Copa Catalunya trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 August 2017 |title=FC Barcelona 3–0 RCD Espanyol: Two magical minutes secure Copa Catalunya |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232757/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-final of de 2017–18 Champions League, Patri score ein first ever UWCL goal away at Lyon wey help keep Barcelona insyd de tie.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2018 |title=Olympique Lyon v FC Barcelona Women: All to play for! (2–1) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de home leg, however, na Barcelona be de victims of a Eugénie Le Sommer strike wey Guijarro nearly knock off de goal-line, wey dem exit insyd de quarter-finals to de eventual tournament winners.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=FC Barcelona 0–1 Lyon: It wasn't to be |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711127/fc-barcelona-0-1-lyon-it-wasnt-to-be |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> She play insyd each of Barcelona ein matches insyd de 2018 Copa de la Reina, wey dey include de semi-final wey go to penalties. Patri successfully convert ein penalty as Barcelona advance to dema seventh Copa de la Reina final.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – FC Barcelona – Atlético de Madrid, gran final de la Copa de SM la Reina |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> She start de final against Atlético Madrid wey go to extra time wey na e be rescued by a Mariona Caldentey goal insyd de 122nd minute wey win am ein second Copa de la Reina title.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=El Barcelona consigue su sexta Copa de la Reina al ganar al Atlético |url=https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301001310/https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rtve.es |publisher=[[RTVE]]}}</ref> For a large portion of de 2018–19 season, na Guijarro be sidelined plus a ganglion cyst injury on ein right foot wey last almost 5 months wey require two operations.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem discharge am from injury hours before de 2019 Champions League Final, buh she no feature insyd Barcelona ein 4–1 loss to Lyon later dat day.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2019 |title=The UEFA Women's Champions League final, AS IT HAPPENED |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1221333/the-uefa-womens-champions-league-final-as-it-happened |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> At de start of de 2019–20 season, na dem give Patri a captaincy role for de first time by becoming de team ein fifth-choice captain.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Les cinc capitanes del Barça Femení |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095541/https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.cat |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd February 2020, she play insyd de first edition of de Supercopa de España Femenina, wey na she be de first Barcelona player to score insyd de semi-finals against Atlético Madrid plus a volley from outsyd de box.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Atlético Madrid 2–3 Barça: Super Cup finalists! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232758/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Patri Guijarro nos revela los códigos de su misil |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163641/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Guijarro start de final against Real Sociedad, a huge 10–1 win wey earn Barça den Patri dema first ever Supercopa de España Femenina trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 February 2020 |title=Real Sociedad 1–10 Barça Women: Super Cup Champions! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232754/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de first game of Barcelona ein 2020–21 league season, Patri score de opening goal insyd a match against Real Madrid Femenino to make am de first goalscorer insyd de Women's Clásico.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Real Madrid v Barça Women: The first Clásico is blaugrana (0–4) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1854125/real-madrid-v-bara-women-the-first-clsico-is-blaugrana-0-4 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Later dat same season, Guijarro start de 2021 Champions League Final on 16 May 2021, wer she for play out of position as a right-sided centre-back secof regular central defensive starter Andrea Pereira be suspended for de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2021 |title=Women's Champions League final: Meet the teams – Barcelona |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0269-1240398cde16-0106595a5d46-1000--meet-the-teams-barcelona/ |access-date=19 May 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A day before ein 23rd birthday, Patri play all 90 minutes as Barça destroy Chelsea 4–0 insyd de final to win dema first-ever Champions League (UWCL) trophy den to cam be de first Spanish women's side to plete de treble.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Mayca |date=18 May 2021 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Ahora vamos a ir a por el triplete a muerte" |url=https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |accessdate=19 May 2021 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of first-captain Vicky Losada, Guijarro step into de fourth-captaincy role ahead of de 2021–22 season.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=The four women's team captains |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813115710/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |archive-date=13 August 2021 |accessdate=13 August 2021 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de 2022–23 campaign, Patri make 40 appearances as Barcelona retain de Spanish title once more wey na she be instrumental to dema Champions League triumph. Plus Barça 2–0 down to Wolfsburg insyd de final, Guijarro score twice insyd de first five minutes of de second half to spark a dramatic 3–2 comeback victory give de Blaugrana, wey dey culminate plus Fridolina Rolfö' ein 70th-minute winner. After dis impressive performance, na dem name Patri de UWCL final Player of de Match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona's Patri Guijarro named official UEFA Women's Champions League final Player of the Match |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0282-182b51f66527-decb75dcc33f-1000--barcelona-s-patri-guijarro-named-official-uefa-women-s-ch/}}</ref> On 6 October 2023, Patri extend ein contract at Barcelona til June 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri Guijarro extends contract until 2027 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/3724212/patri-guijarro-extends-contract-until-2027 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Having develop into a world-class deep-lying midfielder, Guijarro receive a 2023 Ballon d'Or nomination, wer she place eighth insyd de final ranking. One of five Barcelona players dem give a perfect rating for dema perfect 2023–24 season, Patri start de most games as captain give de team wey she progress insyd ein leadership capabilities. Guijarro continue dey play as a central midfielder, wer ein high-quality passing mean de team ein play typically go thru am den ein positional sense allow de likes of Aitana Bonmatí, Alexia Putellas, Mariona den Clàudia Pina to shine in advanced attacking areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tikas |first=Maria |date=30 May 2024 |title=El 1x1 de una temporada perfecta |url=https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707000153/https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |archive-date=7 July 2024 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Diario Sport |language=es}}</ref> De 2023–24 campaign see Barça cam be de first Spanish women's team to plete a continental quadruple. De consistent Guijarro begin to receive regular worldwide acclaim. No be only wey she cam 11th insyd de ranking for de 2024 Ballon d'Or, buh na dem sanso include am insyd The Best FIFA Women's World XIs for both 2024 den 2025. Patri ein excellent form give club den country earn am yet anoda Ballon d'Or nomination insyd 2025, wer she achieve ein best-ever ranking of sixth position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aitana Bonmatí wins third consecutive Ballon d'Or |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4367601/aitana-bonmati-wins-third-consecutive-ballon-dor |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Herrero |first1=Laia Cervelló |last2=read |first2=Michael Cox·8 min |date=23 July 2025 |title=Will Patri Guijarro be the next Spain midfielder to win the Ballon d'Or? |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/patri-guijarro-next-spain-midfielder-041604272.html |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On 21 September 2025, Patri crown ein 350th match give Barcelona by assisting a goal for Vicky López, wich na e be de third goal of a 5–0 away win at Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sevilla 0-5 FC Barcelona: Perfect record |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/noticias/4366776/sevilla-fc-barcelona-pleno-de-victorias-0-5 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> On 16 October, Barça confirm say Guijarro suffer a stress fracture insyd de navicular bone wey she be set to be injured for around three months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical update on Patri Guijarro |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4383572/medical-update-on-patri-guijarro |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Patri be seen as an all-time Barça great, she play over 350 times give de club wey she score over 60 goals (as of de 2024–25 season). She be incredibly successful, wey she win a remarkable six Spanish league (Liga F) titles, three Champions Leagues, seven Copas de la Reina den five Supercopa de España Femenina trophies. == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q27916814|c=Category:Patricia Guijarro|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri Patricia Guijarro] at [[FC Barcelona (women)|FC Barcelona]] * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 Patricia Guijarro] at BDFutbol {{DEFAULTSORT:Guijarro, Patri}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Spanish women's footballers]] [[Category:Liga F players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení players]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Palma de Mallorca]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:Spain women's international footballers]] [[Category:UD Collerense (women) players]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players]] [[Category:Spain women's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Champions League–winning players]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish sportswomen]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2025 players]] == International career == === Youth === Guijarro get extensive individual den team success at de youth level. ; Spain U17 Guijarro ein first international youth tournament experience cam wen na she be fifteen, plus a callup to play give Spain at de 2013 UEFA Under-17 European Championship.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=6 June 2013 |title=España lleva al Europeo Sub-17 el equipo más joven de siempre |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108052132/https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> She play all 90 minutes of Spain ein two matches insyd de finals. De first finals match against Sweden go to penalties, den despite ein penalty conversion, Spain loose de shootout 4–5.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=25 June 2013 |title=España cae en la semifinal ante Suecia en la tanda de penaltis |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/25/mas_futbol/1372172411_882973.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 June 2013 |title=Spain-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2011885--spain-vs-sweden/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Dem get sam compensation, however, by defeating Belgium 4–0 insyd de next match. Guijarro score Spain ein third goal of de match as dem bow out as third-place finishers.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2013 |title=Belgium-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2012712--belgium-vs-spain/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Months later, insyd November, Guijarro be part of de Spain team at 2014 UEFA Under-17 European Championship. She kick off ein tournament plus a win against then-World champions France by scoring a goal from a corner to make de score 2–0.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=26 November 2013 |title=Las Sub-17 derrotan a Francia, actual campeona del Mundo |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/11/26/mas_futbol/1385498987_340063.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> A 4–0 thrashing of Germany put dem at de top of dema group wey e find dem playing England insyd de semi-finals, a match dem win 2–0. She draw first blood insyd de final against Germany, wey she score insyd de ninth minute plus a shot from outsyd de area. Germany find a goal later insyd de match, wey e stay tied thru extra time, wey e end up insyd penalties. She score Spain ein first den only penalty as Germany exact revenge give dema group stage loss by defeating dem 3–1 insyd de shootout.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=8 December 2013 |title=España gana la plata tras caer en los penaltis ante Alemania |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/12/08/mas_futbol/1386531331_204768.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Insyd April of de following year, she participate insyd de 2014 U-17 World Cup. Guijarro ein two tournament goals cam insyd a quarter-final brace against Nigeria, one of wich be a penalty den de oda a close-range shot from a loose ball. She earn player of de match as Spain move onto de semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup Costa Rica 2014 – Quarter-finals Round up |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225726/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=womenssoccerunited.com |publisher=Women's Soccer United}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=14 March 2014 |title=España se mete en las semifinales del Mundial Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/03/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396000566.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain go on to win de semifinal tie against Italy to reach dema first U17 World Cup final,<ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=4 April 2014 |title=La Sub'17 hace historia y jugará la final del Mundial |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/04/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396339587.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> buh na dem be defeated by 2–0 Japan as Spain record a runner-up finish insyd consecutive U17 tournaments. Na de 2015 UEFA Under-17 European Championship be ein final tournament as a U17 player. After two group stage wins den a draw, Spain fini above Germany, wey dem san meet France yet insyd de knockout round.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2015 |title=España accede a semifinales como primera de grupo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/06/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435526260.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> For de third time in a row at U17 UEFA tournaments, Spain face a penalty shootout. Unlike de oda times, however, dem be successful, wey Spain ein only miss out of de five attempts dey cam from Guijarro, wey hit de post.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=D. |date=1 July 2015 |title=España se clasifica de manera agónica para la final del Europeo Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She start de final wer Spain find demaselves winning 5–2 against Switzerland, ein first ever international title.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2015 |title=España arrolla a Suiza y recupera el trono europeo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Dem san select am for de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605051154/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U19 At de 2016 UEFA Under-19 European Championship, she play every minute of de group stage wins against Germany den Austria as Spain sweep Group B wey dem move on to win 4–3 against Netherlands insyd de semi-final. Against France insyd de final, Spain get plenty of attempts on goal, den insyd a last-gasp effort to secure a comeback, she miss a shot from a corner service wich be parried out after two more Spain shots.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 July 2016 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡SUBCAMPEONAS DE EUROPA! España cae ante Francia (2–1) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain cam runner-up as Guijarro play every minute of every match she feature insyd wey na dem name to de team of de tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2016 |title=Finalists dominate WU19 all-star squad |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/news/0230-0e164cc18089-9f247f8813b5-1000--finalists-dominate-wu19-all-star-squad/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein first match of de 2017 UEFA Under-19 European Championship be a win against Northern Ireland. Guijarro ein first tournament goal cam insyd de 53rd minute as a volley from distance. Dey follow a loss against Germany, Spain be to play Scotland wey get 3 points den 1 point, respectively, wey dey mean whoever win de match move onto de next round den automatically qualify for de 2018 U-20 World Cup. She score de game winner den ein second tournament goal insyd dat match, wey dey allow Spain to finish second insyd de table plus 6 points as dem move onto de knockouts.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2017 |title=Spain-Scotland - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022863--spain-vs-scotland/?iv=true |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-finals against de Netherlands, she send in an assist give Maite Oroz wey put Spain up 2–1. Guijarro score de game winning third goal insyd de 77th minute, wey secure Spain ein trip to dema fourth consecutive U19 EURO final even after dem san go concede insyd de 85th.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=17 August 2017 |title=Netherlands-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000767%2Fmatch%3D2022927%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207210819/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=/womensunder19/season=2017/matches/round=2000767/match=2022927/index |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de final of de tournament, she respond to France ein opening goal plus a volley insyd de box service from a corner. As de match advance, de scoreline go to 2–2 til de 89th minute wen she score ein third match-winner of de tournament plus a headed goal off of a Carmen Menayo free-kick. Plus dat goal, Spain end dema streak of three consecutive finals defeats at de U19 EUROs wey dem win dema first U19 EURO title since 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tournament history: WU19 EURO |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226041717/http://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/index.html |archive-date=26 February 2018 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Spain end Women's U-19 EURO final hoodoo |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225731/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem give am de Golden Ball as de tournament ein best player, de Golden Boot as de tournament ein highest scorer, wey dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=20 August 2017 |title=France-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000769%2Fmatch%3D2022928%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207215444/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2fwomensunder19%2fseason%3d2017%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000769%2fmatch%3d2022928%2findex |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U20 Na Spain get a relatively unsuccessful run at de 2016 U-20 World Cup. Guijarro ein first den only tournament goal cam insyd a 5–0 win against Canada, insyd wich she sanso assist a Lucía García stoppage time strike.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 November 2016 |title=Spain off to perfect start with Canada win |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114182006/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |archive-date=14 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start insyd a win against Japan wey dem rest am for a loss against Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2016 |title=Falconets bow out with win, Spain through |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121115224/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> At de end of de group stage, Spain sit at second insyd de table, wey dem advance dem to de knockouts. Dem bow out insyd a 3–2 loss against North Korea insyd de quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Spanish heartbreak as Korea DPR win extra-time thriller |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125131749/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |archive-date=25 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem name Guijarro vice captain for de 2018 U-20 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tengo carácter y me gusta la responsabilidad, pero asumo mi papel dentro del equipo" |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20190611/patri-guijarro-entrevista-mundial-femenino-francia-alemania-espana-7498525 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> She start de tournament by scoring a hat-trick against Paraguay insyd de first match of de group stage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=de Vicente |first1=Marcos |date=6 August 2018 |title=Guijarro marca el camino |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2018/08/06/5b686434468aeb07278b46ae.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She san go on to score insyd de group stage against de United States insyd a match wey end a 2–2 draw, dey effectively knock out de United States insyd de group stages for de first time ever insyd a U20 tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yang |first1=Stephanie |date=13 August 2018 |title=USA 2–2 tie with Spain not enough to advance out of group at U20 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616161746/https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=starsandstripesfc.com |publisher=[[SB Nation]]}}</ref> Insyd de quarter-finals, Spain face Group D runner-ups Nigeria, wey Guijarro score yet anoda match-winner just before halftime. Plus ein match winner, Spain reach de semi-finals of a U-20 World Cup for de first time ever.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Saul |date=16 August 2020 |title=CHRONICLE – Spain makes history with its qualification for the semi-finals of the Women's U20 World Cup (2–1) |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163639/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain meet de previous tournament ein runner-up, France, insyd de next round.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She head insyd ein sixth goal of de tournament insyd de semifinal matchup, wich na she dey lead insyd de Golden Boot race. Na ein goal be de only goal of de tie wey Spain advance to dema first U-20 Women's World Cup final plus a 1–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup France 2018 – Matches – France – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124836/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Spain loose dema captain Aitana Bonmatí thru suspension against France, so Guijarro start plus de captain ein band for de final against Japan. Despite chaw attempts on goal, na dem keep am scoreless insyd de final against Japan as Spain fall 1–3.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan cruise to maiden world title |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031641/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |archive-date=21 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Before de final, England forward Georgia Stanway tie ein six-goal tally insyd de third-place match against France. Dem both end dema tournaments plus six goals wey she share top scorer honours plus Stanway, buh Guijarro earn de Golden Boot by registering an additional three assists. Na dem sanso award am de Golden Ball wey na dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan are crowned the 2018 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup Champions! Meet all the award winners. |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229230046/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na de tournament be ein final youth international experience as she transition to a full senior international between 2018 den 2019. As of 2019, she remain Spain ein highest scorer plus de U-20 team plus seven goals. === Senior === [[File:Spain_womens_national_team_20181113.jpg|left|thumb|Guijarro (second row, left) dey line up plus Spain national team insyd 2018]] Ein first senior national team cap den start cam insyd a goalless draw against Iceland at de 2017 Algarve Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=18 October 2017 |title=España podría tener dos nuevas debutantes en la 'Era Vilda' |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225728/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Na dis be de final match of de group stages, den dema point den goal difference put dem insyd de first place match against Canada. She sub on for Mapi León late insyd de match to help maintain a 1–0 lead. Dis victory earn Guijarro den Spain dema first ever senior international title. Patri play every match for Spain insyd de 2019 World Cup qualifiers wer she score two goals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Díaz-Agero |first1=Alejandro |date=12 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tenemos que aprovechar este momento" |url=https://www.abc.es/deportes/futbol/abci-patri-guijarro-tenemos-aprovechar-este-momento-201906080128_noticia.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=abc.es |publisher=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]}}</ref> Ein first senior international goal be a 91st minute match-winner wey cam insyd a qualifying match against Serbia, dey keep dem on top of de qualification group.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=24 November 2017 |title=Un gol de Patri Guijarro en el 90' salva el 'Black Friday' de España en Belgrado |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Ein second international goal cam against Austria four days later insyd a 4–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 November 2017 |title=Así vivimos la goleada de España a Austria en Son Moix |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220033010/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain win all of dema qualifying matches wey na dem be de first European team to qualify for de tournament oda dan de hosts France.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Franco |first1=Marina |date=4 June 2019 |title=Women's World Cup Preview: Meet the Teams |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/sports/womens-world-cup-preview.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> By 2018, Guijarro establish einself as a regular starter plus de Spain national team. At de 2018 Cyprus Cup, she play insyd two of Spain ein group stage matches- two wins against Austria den de Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=28 February 2018 |title=España solventa su debut en la Copa Chipre con una trabajada victoria ante Austria |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222005423/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Muñoz |first1=Antonio |date=5 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – España se gana estar entre las mejores (2–0) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163638/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Seven points den a +3 goal difference at de end of de group stage mean na Spain for face Italy insyd de final of de tournament. Insyd de 80th minute of de final, Patri connect plus service from a corner to send insyd Spain ein second goal.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡España, campeona de la Cyprus Cup! |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228024315/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |archive-date=28 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein 2–0 win be Spain ein first Cyprus Cup title den Guijarro ein second title plus Spain ein senior team. Na dem call Patri to Spain ein 2019 World Cup squad days after she be discharged from a long-term injury on ein right foot.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She sit out de first match against South Africa as a precaution for ein recently healed injury. De midfielder make ein World Cup debut insyd de next match, a group stage clash against European powerhouse Germany, dey sub on insyd de 65th minute for Silvia Meseguer.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Germany – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607154117/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start den play all 90 minutes of Spain ein next two matches- a draw insyd de final group stage match against China den Spain ein first ever knockout match of a World Cup against de United States. Spain den Guijarro fall insyd de Round of 16 to de eventual tournament winners despite producing a hard-fought performance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walker |first1=Mollie |date=24 June 2019 |title=USWNT in surprising World Cup battle with Spain |url=https://nypost.com/2019/06/24/uswnt-in-surprising-world-cup-battle-with-spain/ |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=nypost.com |publisher=[[New York Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Spain – USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155656/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem include Guijarro insyd Spain ein squad for de Euro 2022 dem hold insyd England. She start all four of ein nation ein matches at de competition. Na dem knock Spain out by hosts den eventual winners England insyd de quarter-finals following a 2-1 loss after extra time. Na Patri be one of ''Las 15'', a group of players wey make demaselves unavailable for international selection insyd September 2022 secof dema dissatisfaction plus head coach Jorge Vilda, den among de dozen wey no be involved 11 months later as Spain win de World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last=Burhan |first=Asif |date=12 June 2023 |title=Jorge Vilda Recalls Players Who Resigned Back Into His Spanish World Cup Squad |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221512/https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lillicrap |first=Simon |date=14 August 2023 |title=Spain v Sweden: Las 15+3, An International Team In Chaos And Lonely Jorge Vilda |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221515/https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=The Sportsman}}</ref> On 10 June 2025, na dem call Guijarro up to de Spain squad for de Euro 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=OFFICIAL: Montse Tomé announces her squad for the European Championships in Switzerland |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613113504/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Insyd de final group stage match, she score insyd a 3-1 win over Italy. A key player at de base of de Spanish midfield, Patri start all six of dema games wey she produce controlling midfield performances as La Roja reach de final. On 27 July, she start insyd de Euro 2025 final wey na she be ee only Spanish player to score insyd de penalty shootout as Spain loose to England 3–1 on penalties after a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=England only had one key trait over Spain – but it led them to Euro 2025 glory |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/england-spain-euro-2025-final-chloe-kelly-hannah-hampton-b2796950.html |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=England 1-1 Spain: Lionesses retain title with dramatic penalty victory as Chloe Kelly score winning kick |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c78n2p6yz3lt |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> As of December 2025, Patri be Spain ein eighth most-capped player of all-time plus over 70 international appearances. cgu5kcnof3s0tr6dm9pb9jlxxjo7ekm 109159 109158 2026-08-05T21:52:30Z DaSupremo 9 109159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Guijarro Gutiérrez''' (born 17 May 1998) be a Spanish professional footballer wey primarily dey play as a holding anaa central midfielder give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. Dem mostly deploy am as a "number six", she be widely recognised as one of de best deep-lying playmakers insyd football. Guijarro play a major role insyd Spain ein most recent youth national team success, wey dey make important contributions to dema under-17, under-19, den under-20 teams. Most notably, she receive de Golden Ball den Golden Boot at de 2018 U-20 World Cup as Spain fini second.<ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Additionally, after ein transfer to [[FC Barcelona Femení]] from UD Collerense insyd 2015, she find both domestic success den European success plus de club. Na Patri be part of de Barcelona squad wey reach dema first Champions League final insyd 2019, as well as she be integral part of de Barcelona side wey win de 2020–21 UEFA Champions League.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She score two goals insyd de 2023 Champions League final as she win ein second Champions League title plus Barcelona. Ein performances give Spain ein youth teams, senior side dem Barcelona make am widely considered one of de best midfielders insyd de world.<ref name="theguardian2018">{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=7 December 2018 |title=The Guardian elige a cuatro españolas entre las 100 mejores futbolistas del planeta |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/12/07/5c0a5553ca474146178b45e1.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Jessy Parker Humphreys |date=12 December 2022 |title=Ranked! The 10 best women's defensive midfielders in the world |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-10-best-womens-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ibaceta|first=Alex|date=25 July 2025|title=The value of Spain's Patri Guijarro: 'Watch her play and you can't help but smile'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/jul/25/patri-guijarro-value-spain-womens-euro-2025|access-date=10 January 2026|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Early life == Dem born Patricia Guijarro on 17 May 1998, insyd Palma, de capital city of de island of Mallorca. She recount dem born am into a "football family" wey she share an interest insyd de sport plus ein parents since a young age.<ref name="victoriamagprofile">{{cite web |last1=Sorolla |first1=Dani |date=30 November 2018 |title=PATRI GUIJARRO: "VEO POCO FÚTBOL MASCULINO" |url=http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225745/http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=victoriamag.es |publisher=Victoria Mag}}</ref> She start dey play football at age seven under ein poppie ein influence.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mendiola |first1=Luis |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patricia Guijarro toca el cielo |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050211/https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> Na de first club she play give for ein hometown club CF Patronato.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Club career == === Collerense === At fourteen years old, na dem call Guijarro up to play plus de youth levels of de UD Collerense squad after she no longer be allowed to play plus boys.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem promote am to Collerense ein first team at just fifteen years old. Insyd a match against [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]], she catch de attention of then Barcelona coach Xavi Llorens wey move to sign am de following summer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Borrego |first1=Á. |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, del patio del colegio a la gloria |url=https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421031319/https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |archive-date=21 April 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=eldesmarque.com |publisher=El Desmarque}}</ref> === Barcelona === [[File:2019-05-17_Fußball,_Frauen,_UEFA_Women's_Champions_League,_Olympique_Lyonnais_-_FC_Barcelona_StP_0886_LR10_by_Stepro.jpg|right|thumb|Guijarro dey warm up plus [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] before de 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final]] Na dem finalise Patri ein transfer from Collerense to [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] insyd June 2015 plus a three-year deal.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=Patri Guijarro firma por tres temporadas con el Barça |url=http://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012090845/https://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |archive-date=12 October 2023 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=deportebalear.com |publisher=Deporte Balear}}</ref> She make ein debut give de Blaugrana aged 17 insyd de 2015–16 season. At de start of de 2017–18 season, she score insyd a 3–0 Copa Catalunya victory against Espanyol, wey she earn ein third Copa Catalunya trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 August 2017 |title=FC Barcelona 3–0 RCD Espanyol: Two magical minutes secure Copa Catalunya |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232757/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-final of de 2017–18 Champions League, Patri score ein first ever UWCL goal away at Lyon wey help keep Barcelona insyd de tie.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2018 |title=Olympique Lyon v FC Barcelona Women: All to play for! (2–1) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de home leg, however, na Barcelona be de victims of a Eugénie Le Sommer strike wey Guijarro nearly knock off de goal-line, wey dem exit insyd de quarter-finals to de eventual tournament winners.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=FC Barcelona 0–1 Lyon: It wasn't to be |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711127/fc-barcelona-0-1-lyon-it-wasnt-to-be |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> She play insyd each of Barcelona ein matches insyd de 2018 Copa de la Reina, wey dey include de semi-final wey go to penalties. Patri successfully convert ein penalty as Barcelona advance to dema seventh Copa de la Reina final.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – FC Barcelona – Atlético de Madrid, gran final de la Copa de SM la Reina |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> She start de final against Atlético Madrid wey go to extra time wey na e be rescued by a Mariona Caldentey goal insyd de 122nd minute wey win am ein second Copa de la Reina title.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=El Barcelona consigue su sexta Copa de la Reina al ganar al Atlético |url=https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301001310/https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rtve.es |publisher=[[RTVE]]}}</ref> For a large portion of de 2018–19 season, na Guijarro be sidelined plus a ganglion cyst injury on ein right foot wey last almost 5 months wey require two operations.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem discharge am from injury hours before de 2019 Champions League Final, buh she no feature insyd Barcelona ein 4–1 loss to Lyon later dat day.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2019 |title=The UEFA Women's Champions League final, AS IT HAPPENED |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1221333/the-uefa-womens-champions-league-final-as-it-happened |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> At de start of de 2019–20 season, na dem give Patri a captaincy role for de first time by becoming de team ein fifth-choice captain.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Les cinc capitanes del Barça Femení |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095541/https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.cat |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd February 2020, she play insyd de first edition of de Supercopa de España Femenina, wey na she be de first Barcelona player to score insyd de semi-finals against Atlético Madrid plus a volley from outsyd de box.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Atlético Madrid 2–3 Barça: Super Cup finalists! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232758/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Patri Guijarro nos revela los códigos de su misil |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163641/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Guijarro start de final against Real Sociedad, a huge 10–1 win wey earn Barça den Patri dema first ever Supercopa de España Femenina trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 February 2020 |title=Real Sociedad 1–10 Barça Women: Super Cup Champions! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232754/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de first game of Barcelona ein 2020–21 league season, Patri score de opening goal insyd a match against Real Madrid Femenino to make am de first goalscorer insyd de Women's Clásico.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Real Madrid v Barça Women: The first Clásico is blaugrana (0–4) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1854125/real-madrid-v-bara-women-the-first-clsico-is-blaugrana-0-4 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Later dat same season, Guijarro start de 2021 Champions League Final on 16 May 2021, wer she for play out of position as a right-sided centre-back secof regular central defensive starter Andrea Pereira be suspended for de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2021 |title=Women's Champions League final: Meet the teams – Barcelona |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0269-1240398cde16-0106595a5d46-1000--meet-the-teams-barcelona/ |access-date=19 May 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A day before ein 23rd birthday, Patri play all 90 minutes as Barça destroy Chelsea 4–0 insyd de final to win dema first-ever Champions League (UWCL) trophy den to cam be de first Spanish women's side to plete de treble.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Mayca |date=18 May 2021 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Ahora vamos a ir a por el triplete a muerte" |url=https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |accessdate=19 May 2021 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of first-captain Vicky Losada, Guijarro step into de fourth-captaincy role ahead of de 2021–22 season.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=The four women's team captains |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813115710/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |archive-date=13 August 2021 |accessdate=13 August 2021 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de 2022–23 campaign, Patri make 40 appearances as Barcelona retain de Spanish title once more wey na she be instrumental to dema Champions League triumph. Plus Barça 2–0 down to Wolfsburg insyd de final, Guijarro score twice insyd de first five minutes of de second half to spark a dramatic 3–2 comeback victory give de Blaugrana, wey dey culminate plus Fridolina Rolfö' ein 70th-minute winner. After dis impressive performance, na dem name Patri de UWCL final Player of de Match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona's Patri Guijarro named official UEFA Women's Champions League final Player of the Match |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0282-182b51f66527-decb75dcc33f-1000--barcelona-s-patri-guijarro-named-official-uefa-women-s-ch/}}</ref> On 6 October 2023, Patri extend ein contract at Barcelona til June 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri Guijarro extends contract until 2027 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/3724212/patri-guijarro-extends-contract-until-2027 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Having develop into a world-class deep-lying midfielder, Guijarro receive a 2023 Ballon d'Or nomination, wer she place eighth insyd de final ranking. One of five Barcelona players dem give a perfect rating for dema perfect 2023–24 season, Patri start de most games as captain give de team wey she progress insyd ein leadership capabilities. Guijarro continue dey play as a central midfielder, wer ein high-quality passing mean de team ein play typically go thru am den ein positional sense allow de likes of Aitana Bonmatí, Alexia Putellas, Mariona den Clàudia Pina to shine in advanced attacking areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tikas |first=Maria |date=30 May 2024 |title=El 1x1 de una temporada perfecta |url=https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707000153/https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |archive-date=7 July 2024 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Diario Sport |language=es}}</ref> De 2023–24 campaign see Barça cam be de first Spanish women's team to plete a continental quadruple. De consistent Guijarro begin to receive regular worldwide acclaim. No be only wey she cam 11th insyd de ranking for de 2024 Ballon d'Or, buh na dem sanso include am insyd The Best FIFA Women's World XIs for both 2024 den 2025. Patri ein excellent form give club den country earn am yet anoda Ballon d'Or nomination insyd 2025, wer she achieve ein best-ever ranking of sixth position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aitana Bonmatí wins third consecutive Ballon d'Or |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4367601/aitana-bonmati-wins-third-consecutive-ballon-dor |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Herrero |first1=Laia Cervelló |last2=read |first2=Michael Cox·8 min |date=23 July 2025 |title=Will Patri Guijarro be the next Spain midfielder to win the Ballon d'Or? |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/patri-guijarro-next-spain-midfielder-041604272.html |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On 21 September 2025, Patri crown ein 350th match give Barcelona by assisting a goal for Vicky López, wich na e be de third goal of a 5–0 away win at Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sevilla 0-5 FC Barcelona: Perfect record |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/noticias/4366776/sevilla-fc-barcelona-pleno-de-victorias-0-5 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> On 16 October, Barça confirm say Guijarro suffer a stress fracture insyd de navicular bone wey she be set to be injured for around three months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical update on Patri Guijarro |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4383572/medical-update-on-patri-guijarro |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Patri be seen as an all-time Barça great, she play over 350 times give de club wey she score over 60 goals (as of de 2024–25 season). She be incredibly successful, wey she win a remarkable six Spanish league (Liga F) titles, three Champions Leagues, seven Copas de la Reina den five Supercopa de España Femenina trophies. == International career == === Youth === Guijarro get extensive individual den team success at de youth level. ; Spain U17 Guijarro ein first international youth tournament experience cam wen na she be fifteen, plus a callup to play give Spain at de 2013 UEFA Under-17 European Championship.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=6 June 2013 |title=España lleva al Europeo Sub-17 el equipo más joven de siempre |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108052132/https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> She play all 90 minutes of Spain ein two matches insyd de finals. De first finals match against Sweden go to penalties, den despite ein penalty conversion, Spain loose de shootout 4–5.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=25 June 2013 |title=España cae en la semifinal ante Suecia en la tanda de penaltis |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/25/mas_futbol/1372172411_882973.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 June 2013 |title=Spain-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2011885--spain-vs-sweden/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Dem get sam compensation, however, by defeating Belgium 4–0 insyd de next match. Guijarro score Spain ein third goal of de match as dem bow out as third-place finishers.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2013 |title=Belgium-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2012712--belgium-vs-spain/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Months later, insyd November, Guijarro be part of de Spain team at 2014 UEFA Under-17 European Championship. She kick off ein tournament plus a win against then-World champions France by scoring a goal from a corner to make de score 2–0.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=26 November 2013 |title=Las Sub-17 derrotan a Francia, actual campeona del Mundo |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/11/26/mas_futbol/1385498987_340063.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> A 4–0 thrashing of Germany put dem at de top of dema group wey e find dem playing England insyd de semi-finals, a match dem win 2–0. She draw first blood insyd de final against Germany, wey she score insyd de ninth minute plus a shot from outsyd de area. Germany find a goal later insyd de match, wey e stay tied thru extra time, wey e end up insyd penalties. She score Spain ein first den only penalty as Germany exact revenge give dema group stage loss by defeating dem 3–1 insyd de shootout.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=8 December 2013 |title=España gana la plata tras caer en los penaltis ante Alemania |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/12/08/mas_futbol/1386531331_204768.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Insyd April of de following year, she participate insyd de 2014 U-17 World Cup. Guijarro ein two tournament goals cam insyd a quarter-final brace against Nigeria, one of wich be a penalty den de oda a close-range shot from a loose ball. She earn player of de match as Spain move onto de semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup Costa Rica 2014 – Quarter-finals Round up |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225726/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=womenssoccerunited.com |publisher=Women's Soccer United}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=14 March 2014 |title=España se mete en las semifinales del Mundial Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/03/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396000566.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain go on to win de semifinal tie against Italy to reach dema first U17 World Cup final,<ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=4 April 2014 |title=La Sub'17 hace historia y jugará la final del Mundial |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/04/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396339587.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> buh na dem be defeated by 2–0 Japan as Spain record a runner-up finish insyd consecutive U17 tournaments. Na de 2015 UEFA Under-17 European Championship be ein final tournament as a U17 player. After two group stage wins den a draw, Spain fini above Germany, wey dem san meet France yet insyd de knockout round.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2015 |title=España accede a semifinales como primera de grupo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/06/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435526260.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> For de third time in a row at U17 UEFA tournaments, Spain face a penalty shootout. Unlike de oda times, however, dem be successful, wey Spain ein only miss out of de five attempts dey cam from Guijarro, wey hit de post.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=D. |date=1 July 2015 |title=España se clasifica de manera agónica para la final del Europeo Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She start de final wer Spain find demaselves winning 5–2 against Switzerland, ein first ever international title.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2015 |title=España arrolla a Suiza y recupera el trono europeo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Dem san select am for de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605051154/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U19 At de 2016 UEFA Under-19 European Championship, she play every minute of de group stage wins against Germany den Austria as Spain sweep Group B wey dem move on to win 4–3 against Netherlands insyd de semi-final. Against France insyd de final, Spain get plenty of attempts on goal, den insyd a last-gasp effort to secure a comeback, she miss a shot from a corner service wich be parried out after two more Spain shots.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 July 2016 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡SUBCAMPEONAS DE EUROPA! España cae ante Francia (2–1) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain cam runner-up as Guijarro play every minute of every match she feature insyd wey na dem name to de team of de tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2016 |title=Finalists dominate WU19 all-star squad |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/news/0230-0e164cc18089-9f247f8813b5-1000--finalists-dominate-wu19-all-star-squad/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein first match of de 2017 UEFA Under-19 European Championship be a win against Northern Ireland. Guijarro ein first tournament goal cam insyd de 53rd minute as a volley from distance. Dey follow a loss against Germany, Spain be to play Scotland wey get 3 points den 1 point, respectively, wey dey mean whoever win de match move onto de next round den automatically qualify for de 2018 U-20 World Cup. She score de game winner den ein second tournament goal insyd dat match, wey dey allow Spain to finish second insyd de table plus 6 points as dem move onto de knockouts.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2017 |title=Spain-Scotland - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022863--spain-vs-scotland/?iv=true |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-finals against de Netherlands, she send in an assist give Maite Oroz wey put Spain up 2–1. Guijarro score de game winning third goal insyd de 77th minute, wey secure Spain ein trip to dema fourth consecutive U19 EURO final even after dem san go concede insyd de 85th.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=17 August 2017 |title=Netherlands-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000767%2Fmatch%3D2022927%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207210819/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=/womensunder19/season=2017/matches/round=2000767/match=2022927/index |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de final of de tournament, she respond to France ein opening goal plus a volley insyd de box service from a corner. As de match advance, de scoreline go to 2–2 til de 89th minute wen she score ein third match-winner of de tournament plus a headed goal off of a Carmen Menayo free-kick. Plus dat goal, Spain end dema streak of three consecutive finals defeats at de U19 EUROs wey dem win dema first U19 EURO title since 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tournament history: WU19 EURO |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226041717/http://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/index.html |archive-date=26 February 2018 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Spain end Women's U-19 EURO final hoodoo |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225731/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem give am de Golden Ball as de tournament ein best player, de Golden Boot as de tournament ein highest scorer, wey dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=20 August 2017 |title=France-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000769%2Fmatch%3D2022928%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207215444/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2fwomensunder19%2fseason%3d2017%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000769%2fmatch%3d2022928%2findex |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U20 Na Spain get a relatively unsuccessful run at de 2016 U-20 World Cup. Guijarro ein first den only tournament goal cam insyd a 5–0 win against Canada, insyd wich she sanso assist a Lucía García stoppage time strike.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 November 2016 |title=Spain off to perfect start with Canada win |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114182006/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |archive-date=14 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start insyd a win against Japan wey dem rest am for a loss against Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2016 |title=Falconets bow out with win, Spain through |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121115224/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> At de end of de group stage, Spain sit at second insyd de table, wey dem advance dem to de knockouts. Dem bow out insyd a 3–2 loss against North Korea insyd de quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Spanish heartbreak as Korea DPR win extra-time thriller |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125131749/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |archive-date=25 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem name Guijarro vice captain for de 2018 U-20 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tengo carácter y me gusta la responsabilidad, pero asumo mi papel dentro del equipo" |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20190611/patri-guijarro-entrevista-mundial-femenino-francia-alemania-espana-7498525 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> She start de tournament by scoring a hat-trick against Paraguay insyd de first match of de group stage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=de Vicente |first1=Marcos |date=6 August 2018 |title=Guijarro marca el camino |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2018/08/06/5b686434468aeb07278b46ae.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She san go on to score insyd de group stage against de United States insyd a match wey end a 2–2 draw, dey effectively knock out de United States insyd de group stages for de first time ever insyd a U20 tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yang |first1=Stephanie |date=13 August 2018 |title=USA 2–2 tie with Spain not enough to advance out of group at U20 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616161746/https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=starsandstripesfc.com |publisher=[[SB Nation]]}}</ref> Insyd de quarter-finals, Spain face Group D runner-ups Nigeria, wey Guijarro score yet anoda match-winner just before halftime. Plus ein match winner, Spain reach de semi-finals of a U-20 World Cup for de first time ever.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Saul |date=16 August 2020 |title=CHRONICLE – Spain makes history with its qualification for the semi-finals of the Women's U20 World Cup (2–1) |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163639/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain meet de previous tournament ein runner-up, France, insyd de next round.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She head insyd ein sixth goal of de tournament insyd de semifinal matchup, wich na she dey lead insyd de Golden Boot race. Na ein goal be de only goal of de tie wey Spain advance to dema first U-20 Women's World Cup final plus a 1–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup France 2018 – Matches – France – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124836/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Spain loose dema captain Aitana Bonmatí thru suspension against France, so Guijarro start plus de captain ein band for de final against Japan. Despite chaw attempts on goal, na dem keep am scoreless insyd de final against Japan as Spain fall 1–3.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan cruise to maiden world title |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031641/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |archive-date=21 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Before de final, England forward Georgia Stanway tie ein six-goal tally insyd de third-place match against France. Dem both end dema tournaments plus six goals wey she share top scorer honours plus Stanway, buh Guijarro earn de Golden Boot by registering an additional three assists. Na dem sanso award am de Golden Ball wey na dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan are crowned the 2018 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup Champions! Meet all the award winners. |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229230046/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na de tournament be ein final youth international experience as she transition to a full senior international between 2018 den 2019. As of 2019, she remain Spain ein highest scorer plus de U-20 team plus seven goals. === Senior === [[File:Spain_womens_national_team_20181113.jpg|left|thumb|Guijarro (second row, left) dey line up plus Spain national team insyd 2018]] Ein first senior national team cap den start cam insyd a goalless draw against Iceland at de 2017 Algarve Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=18 October 2017 |title=España podría tener dos nuevas debutantes en la 'Era Vilda' |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225728/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Na dis be de final match of de group stages, den dema point den goal difference put dem insyd de first place match against Canada. She sub on for Mapi León late insyd de match to help maintain a 1–0 lead. Dis victory earn Guijarro den Spain dema first ever senior international title. Patri play every match for Spain insyd de 2019 World Cup qualifiers wer she score two goals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Díaz-Agero |first1=Alejandro |date=12 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tenemos que aprovechar este momento" |url=https://www.abc.es/deportes/futbol/abci-patri-guijarro-tenemos-aprovechar-este-momento-201906080128_noticia.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=abc.es |publisher=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]}}</ref> Ein first senior international goal be a 91st minute match-winner wey cam insyd a qualifying match against Serbia, dey keep dem on top of de qualification group.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=24 November 2017 |title=Un gol de Patri Guijarro en el 90' salva el 'Black Friday' de España en Belgrado |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Ein second international goal cam against Austria four days later insyd a 4–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 November 2017 |title=Así vivimos la goleada de España a Austria en Son Moix |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220033010/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain win all of dema qualifying matches wey na dem be de first European team to qualify for de tournament oda dan de hosts France.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Franco |first1=Marina |date=4 June 2019 |title=Women's World Cup Preview: Meet the Teams |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/sports/womens-world-cup-preview.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> By 2018, Guijarro establish einself as a regular starter plus de Spain national team. At de 2018 Cyprus Cup, she play insyd two of Spain ein group stage matches- two wins against Austria den de Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=28 February 2018 |title=España solventa su debut en la Copa Chipre con una trabajada victoria ante Austria |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222005423/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Muñoz |first1=Antonio |date=5 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – España se gana estar entre las mejores (2–0) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163638/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Seven points den a +3 goal difference at de end of de group stage mean na Spain for face Italy insyd de final of de tournament. Insyd de 80th minute of de final, Patri connect plus service from a corner to send insyd Spain ein second goal.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡España, campeona de la Cyprus Cup! |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228024315/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |archive-date=28 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein 2–0 win be Spain ein first Cyprus Cup title den Guijarro ein second title plus Spain ein senior team. Na dem call Patri to Spain ein 2019 World Cup squad days after she be discharged from a long-term injury on ein right foot.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She sit out de first match against South Africa as a precaution for ein recently healed injury. De midfielder make ein World Cup debut insyd de next match, a group stage clash against European powerhouse Germany, dey sub on insyd de 65th minute for Silvia Meseguer.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Germany – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607154117/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start den play all 90 minutes of Spain ein next two matches- a draw insyd de final group stage match against China den Spain ein first ever knockout match of a World Cup against de United States. Spain den Guijarro fall insyd de Round of 16 to de eventual tournament winners despite producing a hard-fought performance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walker |first1=Mollie |date=24 June 2019 |title=USWNT in surprising World Cup battle with Spain |url=https://nypost.com/2019/06/24/uswnt-in-surprising-world-cup-battle-with-spain/ |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=nypost.com |publisher=[[New York Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Spain – USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155656/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem include Guijarro insyd Spain ein squad for de Euro 2022 dem hold insyd England. She start all four of ein nation ein matches at de competition. Na dem knock Spain out by hosts den eventual winners England insyd de quarter-finals following a 2-1 loss after extra time. Na Patri be one of ''Las 15'', a group of players wey make demaselves unavailable for international selection insyd September 2022 secof dema dissatisfaction plus head coach Jorge Vilda, den among de dozen wey no be involved 11 months later as Spain win de World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last=Burhan |first=Asif |date=12 June 2023 |title=Jorge Vilda Recalls Players Who Resigned Back Into His Spanish World Cup Squad |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221512/https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lillicrap |first=Simon |date=14 August 2023 |title=Spain v Sweden: Las 15+3, An International Team In Chaos And Lonely Jorge Vilda |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221515/https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=The Sportsman}}</ref> On 10 June 2025, na dem call Guijarro up to de Spain squad for de Euro 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=OFFICIAL: Montse Tomé announces her squad for the European Championships in Switzerland |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613113504/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Insyd de final group stage match, she score insyd a 3-1 win over Italy. A key player at de base of de Spanish midfield, Patri start all six of dema games wey she produce controlling midfield performances as La Roja reach de final. On 27 July, she start insyd de Euro 2025 final wey na she be ee only Spanish player to score insyd de penalty shootout as Spain loose to England 3–1 on penalties after a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=England only had one key trait over Spain – but it led them to Euro 2025 glory |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/england-spain-euro-2025-final-chloe-kelly-hannah-hampton-b2796950.html |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=England 1-1 Spain: Lionesses retain title with dramatic penalty victory as Chloe Kelly score winning kick |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c78n2p6yz3lt |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> As of December 2025, Patri be Spain ein eighth most-capped player of all-time plus over 70 international appearances. == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q27916814|c=Category:Patricia Guijarro|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri Patricia Guijarro] at [[FC Barcelona (women)|FC Barcelona]] * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 Patricia Guijarro] at BDFutbol {{DEFAULTSORT:Guijarro, Patri}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Spanish women's footballers]] [[Category:Liga F players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení players]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Palma de Mallorca]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:Spain women's international footballers]] [[Category:UD Collerense (women) players]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players]] [[Category:Spain women's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Champions League–winning players]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish sportswomen]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2025 players]] dkhgvd259c6lz8bn3ahin4748udjs5p 109164 109159 2026-08-05T23:15:45Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Style of play" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367898043|Patricia Guijarro]]" 109164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Guijarro Gutiérrez''' (born 17 May 1998) be a Spanish professional footballer wey primarily dey play as a holding anaa central midfielder give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. Dem mostly deploy am as a "number six", she be widely recognised as one of de best deep-lying playmakers insyd football. Guijarro play a major role insyd Spain ein most recent youth national team success, wey dey make important contributions to dema under-17, under-19, den under-20 teams. Most notably, she receive de Golden Ball den Golden Boot at de 2018 U-20 World Cup as Spain fini second.<ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Additionally, after ein transfer to [[FC Barcelona Femení]] from UD Collerense insyd 2015, she find both domestic success den European success plus de club. Na Patri be part of de Barcelona squad wey reach dema first Champions League final insyd 2019, as well as she be integral part of de Barcelona side wey win de 2020–21 UEFA Champions League.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She score two goals insyd de 2023 Champions League final as she win ein second Champions League title plus Barcelona. Ein performances give Spain ein youth teams, senior side dem Barcelona make am widely considered one of de best midfielders insyd de world.<ref name="theguardian2018">{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=7 December 2018 |title=The Guardian elige a cuatro españolas entre las 100 mejores futbolistas del planeta |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/12/07/5c0a5553ca474146178b45e1.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Jessy Parker Humphreys |date=12 December 2022 |title=Ranked! The 10 best women's defensive midfielders in the world |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-10-best-womens-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ibaceta|first=Alex|date=25 July 2025|title=The value of Spain's Patri Guijarro: 'Watch her play and you can't help but smile'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/jul/25/patri-guijarro-value-spain-womens-euro-2025|access-date=10 January 2026|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Early life == Dem born Patricia Guijarro on 17 May 1998, insyd Palma, de capital city of de island of Mallorca. She recount dem born am into a "football family" wey she share an interest insyd de sport plus ein parents since a young age.<ref name="victoriamagprofile">{{cite web |last1=Sorolla |first1=Dani |date=30 November 2018 |title=PATRI GUIJARRO: "VEO POCO FÚTBOL MASCULINO" |url=http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225745/http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=victoriamag.es |publisher=Victoria Mag}}</ref> She start dey play football at age seven under ein poppie ein influence.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mendiola |first1=Luis |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patricia Guijarro toca el cielo |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050211/https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> Na de first club she play give for ein hometown club CF Patronato.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Club career == === Collerense === At fourteen years old, na dem call Guijarro up to play plus de youth levels of de UD Collerense squad after she no longer be allowed to play plus boys.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem promote am to Collerense ein first team at just fifteen years old. Insyd a match against [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]], she catch de attention of then Barcelona coach Xavi Llorens wey move to sign am de following summer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Borrego |first1=Á. |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, del patio del colegio a la gloria |url=https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421031319/https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |archive-date=21 April 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=eldesmarque.com |publisher=El Desmarque}}</ref> === Barcelona === [[File:2019-05-17_Fußball,_Frauen,_UEFA_Women's_Champions_League,_Olympique_Lyonnais_-_FC_Barcelona_StP_0886_LR10_by_Stepro.jpg|right|thumb|Guijarro dey warm up plus [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] before de 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final]] Na dem finalise Patri ein transfer from Collerense to [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] insyd June 2015 plus a three-year deal.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=Patri Guijarro firma por tres temporadas con el Barça |url=http://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012090845/https://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |archive-date=12 October 2023 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=deportebalear.com |publisher=Deporte Balear}}</ref> She make ein debut give de Blaugrana aged 17 insyd de 2015–16 season. At de start of de 2017–18 season, she score insyd a 3–0 Copa Catalunya victory against Espanyol, wey she earn ein third Copa Catalunya trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 August 2017 |title=FC Barcelona 3–0 RCD Espanyol: Two magical minutes secure Copa Catalunya |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232757/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-final of de 2017–18 Champions League, Patri score ein first ever UWCL goal away at Lyon wey help keep Barcelona insyd de tie.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2018 |title=Olympique Lyon v FC Barcelona Women: All to play for! (2–1) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de home leg, however, na Barcelona be de victims of a Eugénie Le Sommer strike wey Guijarro nearly knock off de goal-line, wey dem exit insyd de quarter-finals to de eventual tournament winners.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=FC Barcelona 0–1 Lyon: It wasn't to be |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711127/fc-barcelona-0-1-lyon-it-wasnt-to-be |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> She play insyd each of Barcelona ein matches insyd de 2018 Copa de la Reina, wey dey include de semi-final wey go to penalties. Patri successfully convert ein penalty as Barcelona advance to dema seventh Copa de la Reina final.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – FC Barcelona – Atlético de Madrid, gran final de la Copa de SM la Reina |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> She start de final against Atlético Madrid wey go to extra time wey na e be rescued by a Mariona Caldentey goal insyd de 122nd minute wey win am ein second Copa de la Reina title.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=El Barcelona consigue su sexta Copa de la Reina al ganar al Atlético |url=https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301001310/https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rtve.es |publisher=[[RTVE]]}}</ref> For a large portion of de 2018–19 season, na Guijarro be sidelined plus a ganglion cyst injury on ein right foot wey last almost 5 months wey require two operations.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem discharge am from injury hours before de 2019 Champions League Final, buh she no feature insyd Barcelona ein 4–1 loss to Lyon later dat day.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2019 |title=The UEFA Women's Champions League final, AS IT HAPPENED |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1221333/the-uefa-womens-champions-league-final-as-it-happened |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> At de start of de 2019–20 season, na dem give Patri a captaincy role for de first time by becoming de team ein fifth-choice captain.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Les cinc capitanes del Barça Femení |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095541/https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.cat |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd February 2020, she play insyd de first edition of de Supercopa de España Femenina, wey na she be de first Barcelona player to score insyd de semi-finals against Atlético Madrid plus a volley from outsyd de box.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Atlético Madrid 2–3 Barça: Super Cup finalists! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232758/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Patri Guijarro nos revela los códigos de su misil |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163641/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Guijarro start de final against Real Sociedad, a huge 10–1 win wey earn Barça den Patri dema first ever Supercopa de España Femenina trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 February 2020 |title=Real Sociedad 1–10 Barça Women: Super Cup Champions! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232754/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de first game of Barcelona ein 2020–21 league season, Patri score de opening goal insyd a match against Real Madrid Femenino to make am de first goalscorer insyd de Women's Clásico.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Real Madrid v Barça Women: The first Clásico is blaugrana (0–4) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1854125/real-madrid-v-bara-women-the-first-clsico-is-blaugrana-0-4 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Later dat same season, Guijarro start de 2021 Champions League Final on 16 May 2021, wer she for play out of position as a right-sided centre-back secof regular central defensive starter Andrea Pereira be suspended for de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2021 |title=Women's Champions League final: Meet the teams – Barcelona |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0269-1240398cde16-0106595a5d46-1000--meet-the-teams-barcelona/ |access-date=19 May 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A day before ein 23rd birthday, Patri play all 90 minutes as Barça destroy Chelsea 4–0 insyd de final to win dema first-ever Champions League (UWCL) trophy den to cam be de first Spanish women's side to plete de treble.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Mayca |date=18 May 2021 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Ahora vamos a ir a por el triplete a muerte" |url=https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |accessdate=19 May 2021 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of first-captain Vicky Losada, Guijarro step into de fourth-captaincy role ahead of de 2021–22 season.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=The four women's team captains |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813115710/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |archive-date=13 August 2021 |accessdate=13 August 2021 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de 2022–23 campaign, Patri make 40 appearances as Barcelona retain de Spanish title once more wey na she be instrumental to dema Champions League triumph. Plus Barça 2–0 down to Wolfsburg insyd de final, Guijarro score twice insyd de first five minutes of de second half to spark a dramatic 3–2 comeback victory give de Blaugrana, wey dey culminate plus Fridolina Rolfö' ein 70th-minute winner. After dis impressive performance, na dem name Patri de UWCL final Player of de Match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona's Patri Guijarro named official UEFA Women's Champions League final Player of the Match |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0282-182b51f66527-decb75dcc33f-1000--barcelona-s-patri-guijarro-named-official-uefa-women-s-ch/}}</ref> On 6 October 2023, Patri extend ein contract at Barcelona til June 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri Guijarro extends contract until 2027 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/3724212/patri-guijarro-extends-contract-until-2027 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Having develop into a world-class deep-lying midfielder, Guijarro receive a 2023 Ballon d'Or nomination, wer she place eighth insyd de final ranking. One of five Barcelona players dem give a perfect rating for dema perfect 2023–24 season, Patri start de most games as captain give de team wey she progress insyd ein leadership capabilities. Guijarro continue dey play as a central midfielder, wer ein high-quality passing mean de team ein play typically go thru am den ein positional sense allow de likes of Aitana Bonmatí, Alexia Putellas, Mariona den Clàudia Pina to shine in advanced attacking areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tikas |first=Maria |date=30 May 2024 |title=El 1x1 de una temporada perfecta |url=https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707000153/https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |archive-date=7 July 2024 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Diario Sport |language=es}}</ref> De 2023–24 campaign see Barça cam be de first Spanish women's team to plete a continental quadruple. De consistent Guijarro begin to receive regular worldwide acclaim. No be only wey she cam 11th insyd de ranking for de 2024 Ballon d'Or, buh na dem sanso include am insyd The Best FIFA Women's World XIs for both 2024 den 2025. Patri ein excellent form give club den country earn am yet anoda Ballon d'Or nomination insyd 2025, wer she achieve ein best-ever ranking of sixth position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aitana Bonmatí wins third consecutive Ballon d'Or |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4367601/aitana-bonmati-wins-third-consecutive-ballon-dor |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Herrero |first1=Laia Cervelló |last2=read |first2=Michael Cox·8 min |date=23 July 2025 |title=Will Patri Guijarro be the next Spain midfielder to win the Ballon d'Or? |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/patri-guijarro-next-spain-midfielder-041604272.html |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On 21 September 2025, Patri crown ein 350th match give Barcelona by assisting a goal for Vicky López, wich na e be de third goal of a 5–0 away win at Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sevilla 0-5 FC Barcelona: Perfect record |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/noticias/4366776/sevilla-fc-barcelona-pleno-de-victorias-0-5 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> On 16 October, Barça confirm say Guijarro suffer a stress fracture insyd de navicular bone wey she be set to be injured for around three months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical update on Patri Guijarro |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4383572/medical-update-on-patri-guijarro |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Patri be seen as an all-time Barça great, she play over 350 times give de club wey she score over 60 goals (as of de 2024–25 season). She be incredibly successful, wey she win a remarkable six Spanish league (Liga F) titles, three Champions Leagues, seven Copas de la Reina den five Supercopa de España Femenina trophies. == International career == === Youth === Guijarro get extensive individual den team success at de youth level. ; Spain U17 Guijarro ein first international youth tournament experience cam wen na she be fifteen, plus a callup to play give Spain at de 2013 UEFA Under-17 European Championship.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=6 June 2013 |title=España lleva al Europeo Sub-17 el equipo más joven de siempre |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108052132/https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> She play all 90 minutes of Spain ein two matches insyd de finals. De first finals match against Sweden go to penalties, den despite ein penalty conversion, Spain loose de shootout 4–5.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=25 June 2013 |title=España cae en la semifinal ante Suecia en la tanda de penaltis |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/25/mas_futbol/1372172411_882973.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 June 2013 |title=Spain-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2011885--spain-vs-sweden/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Dem get sam compensation, however, by defeating Belgium 4–0 insyd de next match. Guijarro score Spain ein third goal of de match as dem bow out as third-place finishers.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2013 |title=Belgium-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2012712--belgium-vs-spain/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Months later, insyd November, Guijarro be part of de Spain team at 2014 UEFA Under-17 European Championship. She kick off ein tournament plus a win against then-World champions France by scoring a goal from a corner to make de score 2–0.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=26 November 2013 |title=Las Sub-17 derrotan a Francia, actual campeona del Mundo |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/11/26/mas_futbol/1385498987_340063.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> A 4–0 thrashing of Germany put dem at de top of dema group wey e find dem playing England insyd de semi-finals, a match dem win 2–0. She draw first blood insyd de final against Germany, wey she score insyd de ninth minute plus a shot from outsyd de area. Germany find a goal later insyd de match, wey e stay tied thru extra time, wey e end up insyd penalties. She score Spain ein first den only penalty as Germany exact revenge give dema group stage loss by defeating dem 3–1 insyd de shootout.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=8 December 2013 |title=España gana la plata tras caer en los penaltis ante Alemania |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/12/08/mas_futbol/1386531331_204768.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Insyd April of de following year, she participate insyd de 2014 U-17 World Cup. Guijarro ein two tournament goals cam insyd a quarter-final brace against Nigeria, one of wich be a penalty den de oda a close-range shot from a loose ball. She earn player of de match as Spain move onto de semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup Costa Rica 2014 – Quarter-finals Round up |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225726/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=womenssoccerunited.com |publisher=Women's Soccer United}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=14 March 2014 |title=España se mete en las semifinales del Mundial Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/03/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396000566.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain go on to win de semifinal tie against Italy to reach dema first U17 World Cup final,<ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=4 April 2014 |title=La Sub'17 hace historia y jugará la final del Mundial |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/04/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396339587.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> buh na dem be defeated by 2–0 Japan as Spain record a runner-up finish insyd consecutive U17 tournaments. Na de 2015 UEFA Under-17 European Championship be ein final tournament as a U17 player. After two group stage wins den a draw, Spain fini above Germany, wey dem san meet France yet insyd de knockout round.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2015 |title=España accede a semifinales como primera de grupo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/06/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435526260.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> For de third time in a row at U17 UEFA tournaments, Spain face a penalty shootout. Unlike de oda times, however, dem be successful, wey Spain ein only miss out of de five attempts dey cam from Guijarro, wey hit de post.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=D. |date=1 July 2015 |title=España se clasifica de manera agónica para la final del Europeo Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She start de final wer Spain find demaselves winning 5–2 against Switzerland, ein first ever international title.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2015 |title=España arrolla a Suiza y recupera el trono europeo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Dem san select am for de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605051154/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U19 At de 2016 UEFA Under-19 European Championship, she play every minute of de group stage wins against Germany den Austria as Spain sweep Group B wey dem move on to win 4–3 against Netherlands insyd de semi-final. Against France insyd de final, Spain get plenty of attempts on goal, den insyd a last-gasp effort to secure a comeback, she miss a shot from a corner service wich be parried out after two more Spain shots.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 July 2016 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡SUBCAMPEONAS DE EUROPA! España cae ante Francia (2–1) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain cam runner-up as Guijarro play every minute of every match she feature insyd wey na dem name to de team of de tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2016 |title=Finalists dominate WU19 all-star squad |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/news/0230-0e164cc18089-9f247f8813b5-1000--finalists-dominate-wu19-all-star-squad/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein first match of de 2017 UEFA Under-19 European Championship be a win against Northern Ireland. Guijarro ein first tournament goal cam insyd de 53rd minute as a volley from distance. Dey follow a loss against Germany, Spain be to play Scotland wey get 3 points den 1 point, respectively, wey dey mean whoever win de match move onto de next round den automatically qualify for de 2018 U-20 World Cup. She score de game winner den ein second tournament goal insyd dat match, wey dey allow Spain to finish second insyd de table plus 6 points as dem move onto de knockouts.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2017 |title=Spain-Scotland - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022863--spain-vs-scotland/?iv=true |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-finals against de Netherlands, she send in an assist give Maite Oroz wey put Spain up 2–1. Guijarro score de game winning third goal insyd de 77th minute, wey secure Spain ein trip to dema fourth consecutive U19 EURO final even after dem san go concede insyd de 85th.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=17 August 2017 |title=Netherlands-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000767%2Fmatch%3D2022927%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207210819/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=/womensunder19/season=2017/matches/round=2000767/match=2022927/index |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de final of de tournament, she respond to France ein opening goal plus a volley insyd de box service from a corner. As de match advance, de scoreline go to 2–2 til de 89th minute wen she score ein third match-winner of de tournament plus a headed goal off of a Carmen Menayo free-kick. Plus dat goal, Spain end dema streak of three consecutive finals defeats at de U19 EUROs wey dem win dema first U19 EURO title since 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tournament history: WU19 EURO |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226041717/http://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/index.html |archive-date=26 February 2018 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Spain end Women's U-19 EURO final hoodoo |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225731/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem give am de Golden Ball as de tournament ein best player, de Golden Boot as de tournament ein highest scorer, wey dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=20 August 2017 |title=France-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000769%2Fmatch%3D2022928%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207215444/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2fwomensunder19%2fseason%3d2017%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000769%2fmatch%3d2022928%2findex |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U20 Na Spain get a relatively unsuccessful run at de 2016 U-20 World Cup. Guijarro ein first den only tournament goal cam insyd a 5–0 win against Canada, insyd wich she sanso assist a Lucía García stoppage time strike.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 November 2016 |title=Spain off to perfect start with Canada win |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114182006/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |archive-date=14 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start insyd a win against Japan wey dem rest am for a loss against Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2016 |title=Falconets bow out with win, Spain through |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121115224/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> At de end of de group stage, Spain sit at second insyd de table, wey dem advance dem to de knockouts. Dem bow out insyd a 3–2 loss against North Korea insyd de quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Spanish heartbreak as Korea DPR win extra-time thriller |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125131749/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |archive-date=25 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem name Guijarro vice captain for de 2018 U-20 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tengo carácter y me gusta la responsabilidad, pero asumo mi papel dentro del equipo" |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20190611/patri-guijarro-entrevista-mundial-femenino-francia-alemania-espana-7498525 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> She start de tournament by scoring a hat-trick against Paraguay insyd de first match of de group stage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=de Vicente |first1=Marcos |date=6 August 2018 |title=Guijarro marca el camino |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2018/08/06/5b686434468aeb07278b46ae.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She san go on to score insyd de group stage against de United States insyd a match wey end a 2–2 draw, dey effectively knock out de United States insyd de group stages for de first time ever insyd a U20 tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yang |first1=Stephanie |date=13 August 2018 |title=USA 2–2 tie with Spain not enough to advance out of group at U20 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616161746/https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=starsandstripesfc.com |publisher=[[SB Nation]]}}</ref> Insyd de quarter-finals, Spain face Group D runner-ups Nigeria, wey Guijarro score yet anoda match-winner just before halftime. Plus ein match winner, Spain reach de semi-finals of a U-20 World Cup for de first time ever.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Saul |date=16 August 2020 |title=CHRONICLE – Spain makes history with its qualification for the semi-finals of the Women's U20 World Cup (2–1) |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163639/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain meet de previous tournament ein runner-up, France, insyd de next round.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She head insyd ein sixth goal of de tournament insyd de semifinal matchup, wich na she dey lead insyd de Golden Boot race. Na ein goal be de only goal of de tie wey Spain advance to dema first U-20 Women's World Cup final plus a 1–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup France 2018 – Matches – France – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124836/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Spain loose dema captain Aitana Bonmatí thru suspension against France, so Guijarro start plus de captain ein band for de final against Japan. Despite chaw attempts on goal, na dem keep am scoreless insyd de final against Japan as Spain fall 1–3.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan cruise to maiden world title |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031641/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |archive-date=21 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Before de final, England forward Georgia Stanway tie ein six-goal tally insyd de third-place match against France. Dem both end dema tournaments plus six goals wey she share top scorer honours plus Stanway, buh Guijarro earn de Golden Boot by registering an additional three assists. Na dem sanso award am de Golden Ball wey na dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan are crowned the 2018 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup Champions! Meet all the award winners. |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229230046/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na de tournament be ein final youth international experience as she transition to a full senior international between 2018 den 2019. As of 2019, she remain Spain ein highest scorer plus de U-20 team plus seven goals. === Senior === [[File:Spain_womens_national_team_20181113.jpg|left|thumb|Guijarro (second row, left) dey line up plus Spain national team insyd 2018]] Ein first senior national team cap den start cam insyd a goalless draw against Iceland at de 2017 Algarve Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=18 October 2017 |title=España podría tener dos nuevas debutantes en la 'Era Vilda' |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225728/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Na dis be de final match of de group stages, den dema point den goal difference put dem insyd de first place match against Canada. She sub on for Mapi León late insyd de match to help maintain a 1–0 lead. Dis victory earn Guijarro den Spain dema first ever senior international title. Patri play every match for Spain insyd de 2019 World Cup qualifiers wer she score two goals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Díaz-Agero |first1=Alejandro |date=12 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tenemos que aprovechar este momento" |url=https://www.abc.es/deportes/futbol/abci-patri-guijarro-tenemos-aprovechar-este-momento-201906080128_noticia.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=abc.es |publisher=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]}}</ref> Ein first senior international goal be a 91st minute match-winner wey cam insyd a qualifying match against Serbia, dey keep dem on top of de qualification group.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=24 November 2017 |title=Un gol de Patri Guijarro en el 90' salva el 'Black Friday' de España en Belgrado |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Ein second international goal cam against Austria four days later insyd a 4–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 November 2017 |title=Así vivimos la goleada de España a Austria en Son Moix |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220033010/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain win all of dema qualifying matches wey na dem be de first European team to qualify for de tournament oda dan de hosts France.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Franco |first1=Marina |date=4 June 2019 |title=Women's World Cup Preview: Meet the Teams |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/sports/womens-world-cup-preview.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> By 2018, Guijarro establish einself as a regular starter plus de Spain national team. At de 2018 Cyprus Cup, she play insyd two of Spain ein group stage matches- two wins against Austria den de Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=28 February 2018 |title=España solventa su debut en la Copa Chipre con una trabajada victoria ante Austria |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222005423/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Muñoz |first1=Antonio |date=5 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – España se gana estar entre las mejores (2–0) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163638/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Seven points den a +3 goal difference at de end of de group stage mean na Spain for face Italy insyd de final of de tournament. Insyd de 80th minute of de final, Patri connect plus service from a corner to send insyd Spain ein second goal.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡España, campeona de la Cyprus Cup! |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228024315/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |archive-date=28 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein 2–0 win be Spain ein first Cyprus Cup title den Guijarro ein second title plus Spain ein senior team. Na dem call Patri to Spain ein 2019 World Cup squad days after she be discharged from a long-term injury on ein right foot.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She sit out de first match against South Africa as a precaution for ein recently healed injury. De midfielder make ein World Cup debut insyd de next match, a group stage clash against European powerhouse Germany, dey sub on insyd de 65th minute for Silvia Meseguer.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Germany – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607154117/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start den play all 90 minutes of Spain ein next two matches- a draw insyd de final group stage match against China den Spain ein first ever knockout match of a World Cup against de United States. Spain den Guijarro fall insyd de Round of 16 to de eventual tournament winners despite producing a hard-fought performance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walker |first1=Mollie |date=24 June 2019 |title=USWNT in surprising World Cup battle with Spain |url=https://nypost.com/2019/06/24/uswnt-in-surprising-world-cup-battle-with-spain/ |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=nypost.com |publisher=[[New York Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Spain – USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155656/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem include Guijarro insyd Spain ein squad for de Euro 2022 dem hold insyd England. She start all four of ein nation ein matches at de competition. Na dem knock Spain out by hosts den eventual winners England insyd de quarter-finals following a 2-1 loss after extra time. Na Patri be one of ''Las 15'', a group of players wey make demaselves unavailable for international selection insyd September 2022 secof dema dissatisfaction plus head coach Jorge Vilda, den among de dozen wey no be involved 11 months later as Spain win de World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last=Burhan |first=Asif |date=12 June 2023 |title=Jorge Vilda Recalls Players Who Resigned Back Into His Spanish World Cup Squad |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221512/https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lillicrap |first=Simon |date=14 August 2023 |title=Spain v Sweden: Las 15+3, An International Team In Chaos And Lonely Jorge Vilda |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221515/https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=The Sportsman}}</ref> On 10 June 2025, na dem call Guijarro up to de Spain squad for de Euro 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=OFFICIAL: Montse Tomé announces her squad for the European Championships in Switzerland |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613113504/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Insyd de final group stage match, she score insyd a 3-1 win over Italy. A key player at de base of de Spanish midfield, Patri start all six of dema games wey she produce controlling midfield performances as La Roja reach de final. On 27 July, she start insyd de Euro 2025 final wey na she be ee only Spanish player to score insyd de penalty shootout as Spain loose to England 3–1 on penalties after a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=England only had one key trait over Spain – but it led them to Euro 2025 glory |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/england-spain-euro-2025-final-chloe-kelly-hannah-hampton-b2796950.html |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=England 1-1 Spain: Lionesses retain title with dramatic penalty victory as Chloe Kelly score winning kick |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c78n2p6yz3lt |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> As of December 2025, Patri be Spain ein eighth most-capped player of all-time plus over 70 international appearances. == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q27916814|c=Category:Patricia Guijarro|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri Patricia Guijarro] at [[FC Barcelona (women)|FC Barcelona]] * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 Patricia Guijarro] at BDFutbol {{DEFAULTSORT:Guijarro, Patri}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Spanish women's footballers]] [[Category:Liga F players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení players]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Palma de Mallorca]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:Spain women's international footballers]] [[Category:UD Collerense (women) players]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players]] [[Category:Spain women's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Champions League–winning players]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish sportswomen]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2025 players]] == Style of play == Guijarro be described by [[FIFA]] insyd 2018 as a box-to-box midfielder wey be able to be a creative presence at every stage of an attacking play;<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref name="fifaprofile2018">{{cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, Spain's leader eyeing France 2018 glory |url=https://www.fifa.com/news/patri-guijarro-spain-leader-eyeing-france-2018-glory-2944314 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fifa.com/news/patri-guijarro-spain-leader-eyeing-france-2018-glory-2944314 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Guijarro dey consider einself an offensive player, saying she be deployed insyd both defensive den forward midfield roles for Spain den [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]. She feel she be used more defensively at Barcelona dan plus Spain.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Santiago |first1=Lucía |date=6 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Quiero estar a tope y hacerlo como sé" |url=https://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2019/06/06/patri-guijarro-quiero-tope-hacerlo/1423423.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225730/https://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2019/06/06/patri-guijarro-quiero-tope-hacerlo/1423423.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=diariodemallorca.es |publisher=[[Diario de Mallorca]]}}</ref> Insyd 2018, club den country teammate Aitana Bonmatí sanso feel say Guijarro help de team "by making runs into de box".<ref>{{cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=The advantages of being on Patri's side |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/the-advantages-of-being-on-patris-side |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225730/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/the-advantages-of-being-on-patris-side |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> By 2023, Guijarro be considered a deep-lying playmaker at Barcelona.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Abdullah |first=Abdullah |date=13 January 2023 |title=Patri, Walsh, or Engen – Why the Spaniard should be Barcelona's starting No. 6 |url=https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225005603/https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |archive-date=25 February 2024 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=Pressing Matters}}</ref> She be a physical presence on de pitch, wey she get spatial awareness to anticipate defensive den attacking situations. Barcelona ein midfield dey operate plus passing play, wey Guijarro ein passing range be typically short, tight, passes dat keep de ball moving den allow am to facilitate link-up play.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Abdullah |first=Abdullah |date=13 January 2023 |title=Patri, Walsh, or Engen – Why the Spaniard should be Barcelona's starting No. 6 |url=https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225005603/https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |archive-date=25 February 2024 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=Pressing Matters}}</ref> Insyd de deeper areas of de pitch, Guijarro dey play horizontal passes, different to ein deep-lying Barcelona midfield teammates Keira Walsh den Ingrid Syrstad Engen, keeping momentum insyd possession plus ein teammates den dey accelerate forward off de ball. Using ein speed den physicality to break past markers, Guijarro be able to finish moves she start den contribute insyd attack. Higher up de pitch she dey advance de ball wey she sanso fi provide crosses into de box.<ref name=":0" /> If she dey stay back instead, ein defensive awareness dey allow oda midfielders to press insyd advanced areas; ein midfield defensive work be characterised by ball-winning duels.<ref name=":0" /> 8jjxis0ztdb25d7feg1paw4r2lu1ski 109165 109164 2026-08-05T23:23:36Z DaSupremo 9 Improve article 109165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Guijarro Gutiérrez''' (born 17 May 1998) be a Spanish professional footballer wey primarily dey play as a holding anaa central midfielder give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. Dem mostly deploy am as a "number six", she be widely recognised as one of de best deep-lying playmakers insyd football. Guijarro play a major role insyd Spain ein most recent youth national team success, wey dey make important contributions to dema under-17, under-19, den under-20 teams. Most notably, she receive de Golden Ball den Golden Boot at de 2018 U-20 World Cup as Spain fini second.<ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Additionally, after ein transfer to [[FC Barcelona Femení]] from UD Collerense insyd 2015, she find both domestic success den European success plus de club. Na Patri be part of de Barcelona squad wey reach dema first Champions League final insyd 2019, as well as she be integral part of de Barcelona side wey win de 2020–21 UEFA Champions League.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She score two goals insyd de 2023 Champions League final as she win ein second Champions League title plus Barcelona. Ein performances give Spain ein youth teams, senior side dem Barcelona make am widely considered one of de best midfielders insyd de world.<ref name="theguardian2018">{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=7 December 2018 |title=The Guardian elige a cuatro españolas entre las 100 mejores futbolistas del planeta |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/12/07/5c0a5553ca474146178b45e1.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Jessy Parker Humphreys |date=12 December 2022 |title=Ranked! The 10 best women's defensive midfielders in the world |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-10-best-womens-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ibaceta|first=Alex|date=25 July 2025|title=The value of Spain's Patri Guijarro: 'Watch her play and you can't help but smile'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/jul/25/patri-guijarro-value-spain-womens-euro-2025|access-date=10 January 2026|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Early life == Dem born Patricia Guijarro on 17 May 1998, insyd Palma, de capital city of de island of Mallorca. She recount dem born am into a "football family" wey she share an interest insyd de sport plus ein parents since a young age.<ref name="victoriamagprofile">{{cite web |last1=Sorolla |first1=Dani |date=30 November 2018 |title=PATRI GUIJARRO: "VEO POCO FÚTBOL MASCULINO" |url=http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225745/http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=victoriamag.es |publisher=Victoria Mag}}</ref> She start dey play football at age seven under ein poppie ein influence.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Mendiola |first1=Luis |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patricia Guijarro toca el cielo |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050211/https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> Na de first club she play give for ein hometown club CF Patronato.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Club career == === Collerense === At fourteen years old, na dem call Guijarro up to play plus de youth levels of de UD Collerense squad after she no longer be allowed to play plus boys.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem promote am to Collerense ein first team at just fifteen years old. Insyd a match against [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]], she catch de attention of then Barcelona coach Xavi Llorens wey move to sign am de following summer.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Borrego |first1=Á. |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, del patio del colegio a la gloria |url=https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421031319/https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |archive-date=21 April 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=eldesmarque.com |publisher=El Desmarque}}</ref> === Barcelona === [[File:2019-05-17_Fußball,_Frauen,_UEFA_Women's_Champions_League,_Olympique_Lyonnais_-_FC_Barcelona_StP_0886_LR10_by_Stepro.jpg|right|thumb|Guijarro dey warm up plus [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] before de 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final]] Na dem finalise Patri ein transfer from Collerense to [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] insyd June 2015 plus a three-year deal.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=Patri Guijarro firma por tres temporadas con el Barça |url=http://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012090845/https://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |archive-date=12 October 2023 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=deportebalear.com |publisher=Deporte Balear}}</ref> She make ein debut give de Blaugrana aged 17 insyd de 2015–16 season. At de start of de 2017–18 season, she score insyd a 3–0 Copa Catalunya victory against Espanyol, wey she earn ein third Copa Catalunya trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 August 2017 |title=FC Barcelona 3–0 RCD Espanyol: Two magical minutes secure Copa Catalunya |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232757/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-final of de 2017–18 Champions League, Patri score ein first ever UWCL goal away at Lyon wey help keep Barcelona insyd de tie.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2018 |title=Olympique Lyon v FC Barcelona Women: All to play for! (2–1) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de home leg, however, na Barcelona be de victims of a Eugénie Le Sommer strike wey Guijarro nearly knock off de goal-line, wey dem exit insyd de quarter-finals to de eventual tournament winners.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=FC Barcelona 0–1 Lyon: It wasn't to be |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711127/fc-barcelona-0-1-lyon-it-wasnt-to-be |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> She play insyd each of Barcelona ein matches insyd de 2018 Copa de la Reina, wey dey include de semi-final wey go to penalties. Patri successfully convert ein penalty as Barcelona advance to dema seventh Copa de la Reina final.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – FC Barcelona – Atlético de Madrid, gran final de la Copa de SM la Reina |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> She start de final against Atlético Madrid wey go to extra time wey na e be rescued by a Mariona Caldentey goal insyd de 122nd minute wey win am ein second Copa de la Reina title.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=El Barcelona consigue su sexta Copa de la Reina al ganar al Atlético |url=https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301001310/https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rtve.es |publisher=[[RTVE]]}}</ref> For a large portion of de 2018–19 season, na Guijarro be sidelined plus a ganglion cyst injury on ein right foot wey last almost 5 months wey require two operations.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem discharge am from injury hours before de 2019 Champions League Final, buh she no feature insyd Barcelona ein 4–1 loss to Lyon later dat day.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2019 |title=The UEFA Women's Champions League final, AS IT HAPPENED |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1221333/the-uefa-womens-champions-league-final-as-it-happened |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> At de start of de 2019–20 season, na dem give Patri a captaincy role for de first time by becoming de team ein fifth-choice captain.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Les cinc capitanes del Barça Femení |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095541/https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.cat |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd February 2020, she play insyd de first edition of de Supercopa de España Femenina, wey na she be de first Barcelona player to score insyd de semi-finals against Atlético Madrid plus a volley from outsyd de box.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Atlético Madrid 2–3 Barça: Super Cup finalists! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232758/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Patri Guijarro nos revela los códigos de su misil |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163641/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Guijarro start de final against Real Sociedad, a huge 10–1 win wey earn Barça den Patri dema first ever Supercopa de España Femenina trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 February 2020 |title=Real Sociedad 1–10 Barça Women: Super Cup Champions! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232754/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de first game of Barcelona ein 2020–21 league season, Patri score de opening goal insyd a match against Real Madrid Femenino to make am de first goalscorer insyd de Women's Clásico.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Real Madrid v Barça Women: The first Clásico is blaugrana (0–4) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1854125/real-madrid-v-bara-women-the-first-clsico-is-blaugrana-0-4 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Later dat same season, Guijarro start de 2021 Champions League Final on 16 May 2021, wer she for play out of position as a right-sided centre-back secof regular central defensive starter Andrea Pereira be suspended for de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2021 |title=Women's Champions League final: Meet the teams – Barcelona |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0269-1240398cde16-0106595a5d46-1000--meet-the-teams-barcelona/ |access-date=19 May 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A day before ein 23rd birthday, Patri play all 90 minutes as Barça destroy Chelsea 4–0 insyd de final to win dema first-ever Champions League (UWCL) trophy den to cam be de first Spanish women's side to plete de treble.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Mayca |date=18 May 2021 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Ahora vamos a ir a por el triplete a muerte" |url=https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |accessdate=19 May 2021 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of first-captain Vicky Losada, Guijarro step into de fourth-captaincy role ahead of de 2021–22 season.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=The four women's team captains |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813115710/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |archive-date=13 August 2021 |accessdate=13 August 2021 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de 2022–23 campaign, Patri make 40 appearances as Barcelona retain de Spanish title once more wey na she be instrumental to dema Champions League triumph. Plus Barça 2–0 down to Wolfsburg insyd de final, Guijarro score twice insyd de first five minutes of de second half to spark a dramatic 3–2 comeback victory give de Blaugrana, wey dey culminate plus Fridolina Rolfö' ein 70th-minute winner. After dis impressive performance, na dem name Patri de UWCL final Player of de Match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona's Patri Guijarro named official UEFA Women's Champions League final Player of the Match |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0282-182b51f66527-decb75dcc33f-1000--barcelona-s-patri-guijarro-named-official-uefa-women-s-ch/}}</ref> On 6 October 2023, Patri extend ein contract at Barcelona til June 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri Guijarro extends contract until 2027 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/3724212/patri-guijarro-extends-contract-until-2027 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Having develop into a world-class deep-lying midfielder, Guijarro receive a 2023 Ballon d'Or nomination, wer she place eighth insyd de final ranking. One of five Barcelona players dem give a perfect rating for dema perfect 2023–24 season, Patri start de most games as captain give de team wey she progress insyd ein leadership capabilities. Guijarro continue dey play as a central midfielder, wer ein high-quality passing mean de team ein play typically go thru am den ein positional sense allow de likes of Aitana Bonmatí, Alexia Putellas, Mariona den Clàudia Pina to shine in advanced attacking areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tikas |first=Maria |date=30 May 2024 |title=El 1x1 de una temporada perfecta |url=https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707000153/https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |archive-date=7 July 2024 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Diario Sport |language=es}}</ref> De 2023–24 campaign see Barça cam be de first Spanish women's team to plete a continental quadruple. De consistent Guijarro begin to receive regular worldwide acclaim. No be only wey she cam 11th insyd de ranking for de 2024 Ballon d'Or, buh na dem sanso include am insyd The Best FIFA Women's World XIs for both 2024 den 2025. Patri ein excellent form give club den country earn am yet anoda Ballon d'Or nomination insyd 2025, wer she achieve ein best-ever ranking of sixth position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aitana Bonmatí wins third consecutive Ballon d'Or |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4367601/aitana-bonmati-wins-third-consecutive-ballon-dor |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Herrero |first1=Laia Cervelló |last2=read |first2=Michael Cox·8 min |date=23 July 2025 |title=Will Patri Guijarro be the next Spain midfielder to win the Ballon d'Or? |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/patri-guijarro-next-spain-midfielder-041604272.html |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On 21 September 2025, Patri crown ein 350th match give Barcelona by assisting a goal for Vicky López, wich na e be de third goal of a 5–0 away win at Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sevilla 0-5 FC Barcelona: Perfect record |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/noticias/4366776/sevilla-fc-barcelona-pleno-de-victorias-0-5 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> On 16 October, Barça confirm say Guijarro suffer a stress fracture insyd de navicular bone wey she be set to be injured for around three months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical update on Patri Guijarro |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4383572/medical-update-on-patri-guijarro |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Patri be seen as an all-time Barça great, she play over 350 times give de club wey she score over 60 goals (as of de 2024–25 season). She be incredibly successful, wey she win a remarkable six Spanish league (Liga F) titles, three Champions Leagues, seven Copas de la Reina den five Supercopa de España Femenina trophies. == International career == === Youth === Guijarro get extensive individual den team success at de youth level. ; Spain U17 Guijarro ein first international youth tournament experience cam wen na she be fifteen, plus a callup to play give Spain at de 2013 UEFA Under-17 European Championship.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=6 June 2013 |title=España lleva al Europeo Sub-17 el equipo más joven de siempre |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108052132/https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> She play all 90 minutes of Spain ein two matches insyd de finals. De first finals match against Sweden go to penalties, den despite ein penalty conversion, Spain loose de shootout 4–5.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=25 June 2013 |title=España cae en la semifinal ante Suecia en la tanda de penaltis |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/25/mas_futbol/1372172411_882973.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 June 2013 |title=Spain-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2011885--spain-vs-sweden/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Dem get sam compensation, however, by defeating Belgium 4–0 insyd de next match. Guijarro score Spain ein third goal of de match as dem bow out as third-place finishers.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2013 |title=Belgium-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2012712--belgium-vs-spain/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Months later, insyd November, Guijarro be part of de Spain team at 2014 UEFA Under-17 European Championship. She kick off ein tournament plus a win against then-World champions France by scoring a goal from a corner to make de score 2–0.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=26 November 2013 |title=Las Sub-17 derrotan a Francia, actual campeona del Mundo |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/11/26/mas_futbol/1385498987_340063.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> A 4–0 thrashing of Germany put dem at de top of dema group wey e find dem playing England insyd de semi-finals, a match dem win 2–0. She draw first blood insyd de final against Germany, wey she score insyd de ninth minute plus a shot from outsyd de area. Germany find a goal later insyd de match, wey e stay tied thru extra time, wey e end up insyd penalties. She score Spain ein first den only penalty as Germany exact revenge give dema group stage loss by defeating dem 3–1 insyd de shootout.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=8 December 2013 |title=España gana la plata tras caer en los penaltis ante Alemania |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/12/08/mas_futbol/1386531331_204768.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Insyd April of de following year, she participate insyd de 2014 U-17 World Cup. Guijarro ein two tournament goals cam insyd a quarter-final brace against Nigeria, one of wich be a penalty den de oda a close-range shot from a loose ball. She earn player of de match as Spain move onto de semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup Costa Rica 2014 – Quarter-finals Round up |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225726/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=womenssoccerunited.com |publisher=Women's Soccer United}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=14 March 2014 |title=España se mete en las semifinales del Mundial Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/03/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396000566.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain go on to win de semifinal tie against Italy to reach dema first U17 World Cup final,<ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=4 April 2014 |title=La Sub'17 hace historia y jugará la final del Mundial |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/04/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396339587.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> buh na dem be defeated by 2–0 Japan as Spain record a runner-up finish insyd consecutive U17 tournaments. Na de 2015 UEFA Under-17 European Championship be ein final tournament as a U17 player. After two group stage wins den a draw, Spain fini above Germany, wey dem san meet France yet insyd de knockout round.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2015 |title=España accede a semifinales como primera de grupo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/06/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435526260.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> For de third time in a row at U17 UEFA tournaments, Spain face a penalty shootout. Unlike de oda times, however, dem be successful, wey Spain ein only miss out of de five attempts dey cam from Guijarro, wey hit de post.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=D. |date=1 July 2015 |title=España se clasifica de manera agónica para la final del Europeo Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She start de final wer Spain find demaselves winning 5–2 against Switzerland, ein first ever international title.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2015 |title=España arrolla a Suiza y recupera el trono europeo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Dem san select am for de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605051154/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U19 At de 2016 UEFA Under-19 European Championship, she play every minute of de group stage wins against Germany den Austria as Spain sweep Group B wey dem move on to win 4–3 against Netherlands insyd de semi-final. Against France insyd de final, Spain get plenty of attempts on goal, den insyd a last-gasp effort to secure a comeback, she miss a shot from a corner service wich be parried out after two more Spain shots.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 July 2016 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡SUBCAMPEONAS DE EUROPA! España cae ante Francia (2–1) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain cam runner-up as Guijarro play every minute of every match she feature insyd wey na dem name to de team of de tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2016 |title=Finalists dominate WU19 all-star squad |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/news/0230-0e164cc18089-9f247f8813b5-1000--finalists-dominate-wu19-all-star-squad/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein first match of de 2017 UEFA Under-19 European Championship be a win against Northern Ireland. Guijarro ein first tournament goal cam insyd de 53rd minute as a volley from distance. Dey follow a loss against Germany, Spain be to play Scotland wey get 3 points den 1 point, respectively, wey dey mean whoever win de match move onto de next round den automatically qualify for de 2018 U-20 World Cup. She score de game winner den ein second tournament goal insyd dat match, wey dey allow Spain to finish second insyd de table plus 6 points as dem move onto de knockouts.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2017 |title=Spain-Scotland - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022863--spain-vs-scotland/?iv=true |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-finals against de Netherlands, she send in an assist give Maite Oroz wey put Spain up 2–1. Guijarro score de game winning third goal insyd de 77th minute, wey secure Spain ein trip to dema fourth consecutive U19 EURO final even after dem san go concede insyd de 85th.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=17 August 2017 |title=Netherlands-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000767%2Fmatch%3D2022927%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207210819/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=/womensunder19/season=2017/matches/round=2000767/match=2022927/index |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de final of de tournament, she respond to France ein opening goal plus a volley insyd de box service from a corner. As de match advance, de scoreline go to 2–2 til de 89th minute wen she score ein third match-winner of de tournament plus a headed goal off of a Carmen Menayo free-kick. Plus dat goal, Spain end dema streak of three consecutive finals defeats at de U19 EUROs wey dem win dema first U19 EURO title since 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tournament history: WU19 EURO |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226041717/http://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/index.html |archive-date=26 February 2018 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Spain end Women's U-19 EURO final hoodoo |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225731/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem give am de Golden Ball as de tournament ein best player, de Golden Boot as de tournament ein highest scorer, wey dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=20 August 2017 |title=France-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000769%2Fmatch%3D2022928%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207215444/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2fwomensunder19%2fseason%3d2017%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000769%2fmatch%3d2022928%2findex |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U20 Na Spain get a relatively unsuccessful run at de 2016 U-20 World Cup. Guijarro ein first den only tournament goal cam insyd a 5–0 win against Canada, insyd wich she sanso assist a Lucía García stoppage time strike.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 November 2016 |title=Spain off to perfect start with Canada win |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114182006/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |archive-date=14 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start insyd a win against Japan wey dem rest am for a loss against Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2016 |title=Falconets bow out with win, Spain through |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121115224/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> At de end of de group stage, Spain sit at second insyd de table, wey dem advance dem to de knockouts. Dem bow out insyd a 3–2 loss against North Korea insyd de quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Spanish heartbreak as Korea DPR win extra-time thriller |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125131749/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |archive-date=25 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem name Guijarro vice captain for de 2018 U-20 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tengo carácter y me gusta la responsabilidad, pero asumo mi papel dentro del equipo" |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20190611/patri-guijarro-entrevista-mundial-femenino-francia-alemania-espana-7498525 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> She start de tournament by scoring a hat-trick against Paraguay insyd de first match of de group stage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=de Vicente |first1=Marcos |date=6 August 2018 |title=Guijarro marca el camino |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2018/08/06/5b686434468aeb07278b46ae.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She san go on to score insyd de group stage against de United States insyd a match wey end a 2–2 draw, dey effectively knock out de United States insyd de group stages for de first time ever insyd a U20 tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yang |first1=Stephanie |date=13 August 2018 |title=USA 2–2 tie with Spain not enough to advance out of group at U20 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616161746/https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=starsandstripesfc.com |publisher=[[SB Nation]]}}</ref> Insyd de quarter-finals, Spain face Group D runner-ups Nigeria, wey Guijarro score yet anoda match-winner just before halftime. Plus ein match winner, Spain reach de semi-finals of a U-20 World Cup for de first time ever.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Saul |date=16 August 2020 |title=CHRONICLE – Spain makes history with its qualification for the semi-finals of the Women's U20 World Cup (2–1) |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163639/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain meet de previous tournament ein runner-up, France, insyd de next round.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She head insyd ein sixth goal of de tournament insyd de semifinal matchup, wich na she dey lead insyd de Golden Boot race. Na ein goal be de only goal of de tie wey Spain advance to dema first U-20 Women's World Cup final plus a 1–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup France 2018 – Matches – France – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124836/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Spain loose dema captain Aitana Bonmatí thru suspension against France, so Guijarro start plus de captain ein band for de final against Japan. Despite chaw attempts on goal, na dem keep am scoreless insyd de final against Japan as Spain fall 1–3.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan cruise to maiden world title |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031641/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |archive-date=21 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Before de final, England forward Georgia Stanway tie ein six-goal tally insyd de third-place match against France. Dem both end dema tournaments plus six goals wey she share top scorer honours plus Stanway, buh Guijarro earn de Golden Boot by registering an additional three assists. Na dem sanso award am de Golden Ball wey na dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan are crowned the 2018 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup Champions! Meet all the award winners. |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229230046/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na de tournament be ein final youth international experience as she transition to a full senior international between 2018 den 2019. As of 2019, she remain Spain ein highest scorer plus de U-20 team plus seven goals. === Senior === [[File:Spain_womens_national_team_20181113.jpg|left|thumb|Guijarro (second row, left) dey line up plus Spain national team insyd 2018]] Ein first senior national team cap den start cam insyd a goalless draw against Iceland at de 2017 Algarve Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=18 October 2017 |title=España podría tener dos nuevas debutantes en la 'Era Vilda' |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225728/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Na dis be de final match of de group stages, den dema point den goal difference put dem insyd de first place match against Canada. She sub on for Mapi León late insyd de match to help maintain a 1–0 lead. Dis victory earn Guijarro den Spain dema first ever senior international title. Patri play every match for Spain insyd de 2019 World Cup qualifiers wer she score two goals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Díaz-Agero |first1=Alejandro |date=12 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tenemos que aprovechar este momento" |url=https://www.abc.es/deportes/futbol/abci-patri-guijarro-tenemos-aprovechar-este-momento-201906080128_noticia.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=abc.es |publisher=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]}}</ref> Ein first senior international goal be a 91st minute match-winner wey cam insyd a qualifying match against Serbia, dey keep dem on top of de qualification group.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=24 November 2017 |title=Un gol de Patri Guijarro en el 90' salva el 'Black Friday' de España en Belgrado |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Ein second international goal cam against Austria four days later insyd a 4–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 November 2017 |title=Así vivimos la goleada de España a Austria en Son Moix |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220033010/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain win all of dema qualifying matches wey na dem be de first European team to qualify for de tournament oda dan de hosts France.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Franco |first1=Marina |date=4 June 2019 |title=Women's World Cup Preview: Meet the Teams |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/sports/womens-world-cup-preview.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> By 2018, Guijarro establish einself as a regular starter plus de Spain national team. At de 2018 Cyprus Cup, she play insyd two of Spain ein group stage matches- two wins against Austria den de Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=28 February 2018 |title=España solventa su debut en la Copa Chipre con una trabajada victoria ante Austria |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222005423/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Muñoz |first1=Antonio |date=5 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – España se gana estar entre las mejores (2–0) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163638/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Seven points den a +3 goal difference at de end of de group stage mean na Spain for face Italy insyd de final of de tournament. Insyd de 80th minute of de final, Patri connect plus service from a corner to send insyd Spain ein second goal.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡España, campeona de la Cyprus Cup! |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228024315/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |archive-date=28 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein 2–0 win be Spain ein first Cyprus Cup title den Guijarro ein second title plus Spain ein senior team. Na dem call Patri to Spain ein 2019 World Cup squad days after she be discharged from a long-term injury on ein right foot.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She sit out de first match against South Africa as a precaution for ein recently healed injury. De midfielder make ein World Cup debut insyd de next match, a group stage clash against European powerhouse Germany, dey sub on insyd de 65th minute for Silvia Meseguer.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Germany – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607154117/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start den play all 90 minutes of Spain ein next two matches- a draw insyd de final group stage match against China den Spain ein first ever knockout match of a World Cup against de United States. Spain den Guijarro fall insyd de Round of 16 to de eventual tournament winners despite producing a hard-fought performance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walker |first1=Mollie |date=24 June 2019 |title=USWNT in surprising World Cup battle with Spain |url=https://nypost.com/2019/06/24/uswnt-in-surprising-world-cup-battle-with-spain/ |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=nypost.com |publisher=[[New York Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Spain – USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155656/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem include Guijarro insyd Spain ein squad for de Euro 2022 dem hold insyd England. She start all four of ein nation ein matches at de competition. Na dem knock Spain out by hosts den eventual winners England insyd de quarter-finals following a 2-1 loss after extra time. Na Patri be one of ''Las 15'', a group of players wey make demaselves unavailable for international selection insyd September 2022 secof dema dissatisfaction plus head coach Jorge Vilda, den among de dozen wey no be involved 11 months later as Spain win de World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last=Burhan |first=Asif |date=12 June 2023 |title=Jorge Vilda Recalls Players Who Resigned Back Into His Spanish World Cup Squad |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221512/https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lillicrap |first=Simon |date=14 August 2023 |title=Spain v Sweden: Las 15+3, An International Team In Chaos And Lonely Jorge Vilda |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221515/https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=The Sportsman}}</ref> On 10 June 2025, na dem call Guijarro up to de Spain squad for de Euro 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=OFFICIAL: Montse Tomé announces her squad for the European Championships in Switzerland |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613113504/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Insyd de final group stage match, she score insyd a 3-1 win over Italy. A key player at de base of de Spanish midfield, Patri start all six of dema games wey she produce controlling midfield performances as La Roja reach de final. On 27 July, she start insyd de Euro 2025 final wey na she be ee only Spanish player to score insyd de penalty shootout as Spain loose to England 3–1 on penalties after a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=England only had one key trait over Spain – but it led them to Euro 2025 glory |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/england-spain-euro-2025-final-chloe-kelly-hannah-hampton-b2796950.html |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=England 1-1 Spain: Lionesses retain title with dramatic penalty victory as Chloe Kelly score winning kick |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c78n2p6yz3lt |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> As of December 2025, Patri be Spain ein eighth most-capped player of all-time plus over 70 international appearances. == Style of play == Guijarro be described by FIFA insyd 2018 as a box-to-box midfielder wey be able to be a creative presence at every stage of an attacking play;<ref name="fifainjury20192">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref name="fifaprofile2018">{{cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, Spain's leader eyeing France 2018 glory |url=https://www.fifa.com/news/patri-guijarro-spain-leader-eyeing-france-2018-glory-2944314 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fifa.com/news/patri-guijarro-spain-leader-eyeing-france-2018-glory-2944314 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Guijarro dey consider einself an offensive player, saying she be deployed insyd both defensive den forward midfield roles for Spain den [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]. She feel she be used more defensively at Barcelona dan plus Spain.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Santiago |first1=Lucía |date=6 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Quiero estar a tope y hacerlo como sé" |url=https://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2019/06/06/patri-guijarro-quiero-tope-hacerlo/1423423.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225730/https://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2019/06/06/patri-guijarro-quiero-tope-hacerlo/1423423.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=diariodemallorca.es |publisher=[[Diario de Mallorca]]}}</ref> Insyd 2018, club den country teammate Aitana Bonmatí sanso feel say Guijarro help de team "by making runs into de box".<ref>{{cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=The advantages of being on Patri's side |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/the-advantages-of-being-on-patris-side |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225730/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/the-advantages-of-being-on-patris-side |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> By 2023, Guijarro be considered a deep-lying playmaker at Barcelona.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Abdullah |first=Abdullah |date=13 January 2023 |title=Patri, Walsh, or Engen – Why the Spaniard should be Barcelona's starting No. 6 |url=https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225005603/https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |archive-date=25 February 2024 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=Pressing Matters}}</ref> She be a physical presence on de pitch, wey she get spatial awareness to anticipate defensive den attacking situations. Barcelona ein midfield dey operate plus passing play, wey Guijarro ein passing range be typically short, tight, passes dat keep de ball moving den allow am to facilitate link-up play.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd de deeper areas of de pitch, Guijarro dey play horizontal passes, different to ein deep-lying Barcelona midfield teammates Keira Walsh den Ingrid Syrstad Engen, keeping momentum insyd possession plus ein teammates den dey accelerate forward off de ball. Using ein speed den physicality to break past markers, Guijarro be able to finish moves she start den contribute insyd attack. Higher up de pitch she dey advance de ball wey she sanso fi provide crosses into de box.<ref name=":0" /> If she dey stay back instead, ein defensive awareness dey allow oda midfielders to press insyd advanced areas; ein midfield defensive work be characterised by ball-winning duels.<ref name=":0" /> == Personal life == Patri ein idol be former Spain teammate den fellow [[Balearic Islands]] native [[Virginia Torrecilla]].<ref name=":1" /> She sanso cite [[Andrés Iniesta]] as an idol.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 December 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, amb el futbol a la sang i el gol a les venes |url=https://www.elnacional.cat/ca/esport-local/patri-guijarro-gol-barca-madrid_333612_102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108062037/https://www.elnacional.cat/ca/esport-local/patri-guijarro-gol-barca-madrid_333612_102.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=elnacional.cat |publisher=El Nacional Catalunya}}</ref> Na she be de first girl at [[La Masia]] to complete de [[Spanish Baccalaureate|Baccalaureate]] den, as of 2018, na she dey study [[Physical therapy|physiotherapy]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name="fifaprofile2018" /><ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, la líder de la Rojita a la conquista de Francia |url=https://es.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/patri-guijarro-la-lider-de-la-rojita-a-la-conquista-de-francia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225731/https://es.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/patri-guijarro-la-lider-de-la-rojita-a-la-conquista-de-francia |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=es.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q27916814|c=Category:Patricia Guijarro|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri Patricia Guijarro] at [[FC Barcelona (women)|FC Barcelona]] * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 Patricia Guijarro] at BDFutbol {{DEFAULTSORT:Guijarro, Patri}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Spanish women's footballers]] [[Category:Liga F players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení players]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Palma de Mallorca]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:Spain women's international footballers]] [[Category:UD Collerense (women) players]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players]] [[Category:Spain women's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Champions League–winning players]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish sportswomen]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2025 players]] 9hsu0a2e266ss2zzba8kovbew64uiel 109167 109165 2026-08-05T23:30:54Z DaSupremo 9 /* Career statistics */ Improve article 109167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Guijarro Gutiérrez''' (born 17 May 1998) be a Spanish professional footballer wey primarily dey play as a holding anaa central midfielder give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. Dem mostly deploy am as a "number six", she be widely recognised as one of de best deep-lying playmakers insyd football. Guijarro play a major role insyd Spain ein most recent youth national team success, wey dey make important contributions to dema under-17, under-19, den under-20 teams. Most notably, she receive de Golden Ball den Golden Boot at de 2018 U-20 World Cup as Spain fini second.<ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Additionally, after ein transfer to [[FC Barcelona Femení]] from UD Collerense insyd 2015, she find both domestic success den European success plus de club. Na Patri be part of de Barcelona squad wey reach dema first Champions League final insyd 2019, as well as she be integral part of de Barcelona side wey win de 2020–21 UEFA Champions League.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She score two goals insyd de 2023 Champions League final as she win ein second Champions League title plus Barcelona. Ein performances give Spain ein youth teams, senior side dem Barcelona make am widely considered one of de best midfielders insyd de world.<ref name="theguardian2018">{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=7 December 2018 |title=The Guardian elige a cuatro españolas entre las 100 mejores futbolistas del planeta |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/12/07/5c0a5553ca474146178b45e1.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Jessy Parker Humphreys |date=12 December 2022 |title=Ranked! The 10 best women's defensive midfielders in the world |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-10-best-womens-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ibaceta|first=Alex|date=25 July 2025|title=The value of Spain's Patri Guijarro: 'Watch her play and you can't help but smile'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/jul/25/patri-guijarro-value-spain-womens-euro-2025|access-date=10 January 2026|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Early life == Dem born Patricia Guijarro on 17 May 1998, insyd Palma, de capital city of de island of Mallorca. She recount dem born am into a "football family" wey she share an interest insyd de sport plus ein parents since a young age.<ref name="victoriamagprofile">{{cite web |last1=Sorolla |first1=Dani |date=30 November 2018 |title=PATRI GUIJARRO: "VEO POCO FÚTBOL MASCULINO" |url=http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225745/http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=victoriamag.es |publisher=Victoria Mag}}</ref> She start dey play football at age seven under ein poppie ein influence.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Mendiola |first1=Luis |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patricia Guijarro toca el cielo |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050211/https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> Na de first club she play give for ein hometown club CF Patronato.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Club career == === Collerense === At fourteen years old, na dem call Guijarro up to play plus de youth levels of de UD Collerense squad after she no longer be allowed to play plus boys.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem promote am to Collerense ein first team at just fifteen years old. Insyd a match against [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]], she catch de attention of then Barcelona coach Xavi Llorens wey move to sign am de following summer.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Borrego |first1=Á. |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, del patio del colegio a la gloria |url=https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421031319/https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |archive-date=21 April 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=eldesmarque.com |publisher=El Desmarque}}</ref> === Barcelona === [[File:2019-05-17_Fußball,_Frauen,_UEFA_Women's_Champions_League,_Olympique_Lyonnais_-_FC_Barcelona_StP_0886_LR10_by_Stepro.jpg|right|thumb|Guijarro dey warm up plus [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] before de 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final]] Na dem finalise Patri ein transfer from Collerense to [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] insyd June 2015 plus a three-year deal.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=Patri Guijarro firma por tres temporadas con el Barça |url=http://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012090845/https://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |archive-date=12 October 2023 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=deportebalear.com |publisher=Deporte Balear}}</ref> She make ein debut give de Blaugrana aged 17 insyd de 2015–16 season. At de start of de 2017–18 season, she score insyd a 3–0 Copa Catalunya victory against Espanyol, wey she earn ein third Copa Catalunya trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 August 2017 |title=FC Barcelona 3–0 RCD Espanyol: Two magical minutes secure Copa Catalunya |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232757/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-final of de 2017–18 Champions League, Patri score ein first ever UWCL goal away at Lyon wey help keep Barcelona insyd de tie.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2018 |title=Olympique Lyon v FC Barcelona Women: All to play for! (2–1) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de home leg, however, na Barcelona be de victims of a Eugénie Le Sommer strike wey Guijarro nearly knock off de goal-line, wey dem exit insyd de quarter-finals to de eventual tournament winners.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=FC Barcelona 0–1 Lyon: It wasn't to be |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711127/fc-barcelona-0-1-lyon-it-wasnt-to-be |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> She play insyd each of Barcelona ein matches insyd de 2018 Copa de la Reina, wey dey include de semi-final wey go to penalties. Patri successfully convert ein penalty as Barcelona advance to dema seventh Copa de la Reina final.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – FC Barcelona – Atlético de Madrid, gran final de la Copa de SM la Reina |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> She start de final against Atlético Madrid wey go to extra time wey na e be rescued by a Mariona Caldentey goal insyd de 122nd minute wey win am ein second Copa de la Reina title.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=El Barcelona consigue su sexta Copa de la Reina al ganar al Atlético |url=https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301001310/https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rtve.es |publisher=[[RTVE]]}}</ref> For a large portion of de 2018–19 season, na Guijarro be sidelined plus a ganglion cyst injury on ein right foot wey last almost 5 months wey require two operations.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem discharge am from injury hours before de 2019 Champions League Final, buh she no feature insyd Barcelona ein 4–1 loss to Lyon later dat day.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2019 |title=The UEFA Women's Champions League final, AS IT HAPPENED |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1221333/the-uefa-womens-champions-league-final-as-it-happened |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> At de start of de 2019–20 season, na dem give Patri a captaincy role for de first time by becoming de team ein fifth-choice captain.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Les cinc capitanes del Barça Femení |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095541/https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.cat |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd February 2020, she play insyd de first edition of de Supercopa de España Femenina, wey na she be de first Barcelona player to score insyd de semi-finals against Atlético Madrid plus a volley from outsyd de box.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Atlético Madrid 2–3 Barça: Super Cup finalists! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232758/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Patri Guijarro nos revela los códigos de su misil |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163641/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Guijarro start de final against Real Sociedad, a huge 10–1 win wey earn Barça den Patri dema first ever Supercopa de España Femenina trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 February 2020 |title=Real Sociedad 1–10 Barça Women: Super Cup Champions! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232754/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de first game of Barcelona ein 2020–21 league season, Patri score de opening goal insyd a match against Real Madrid Femenino to make am de first goalscorer insyd de Women's Clásico.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Real Madrid v Barça Women: The first Clásico is blaugrana (0–4) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1854125/real-madrid-v-bara-women-the-first-clsico-is-blaugrana-0-4 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Later dat same season, Guijarro start de 2021 Champions League Final on 16 May 2021, wer she for play out of position as a right-sided centre-back secof regular central defensive starter Andrea Pereira be suspended for de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2021 |title=Women's Champions League final: Meet the teams – Barcelona |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0269-1240398cde16-0106595a5d46-1000--meet-the-teams-barcelona/ |access-date=19 May 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A day before ein 23rd birthday, Patri play all 90 minutes as Barça destroy Chelsea 4–0 insyd de final to win dema first-ever Champions League (UWCL) trophy den to cam be de first Spanish women's side to plete de treble.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Mayca |date=18 May 2021 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Ahora vamos a ir a por el triplete a muerte" |url=https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |accessdate=19 May 2021 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of first-captain Vicky Losada, Guijarro step into de fourth-captaincy role ahead of de 2021–22 season.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=The four women's team captains |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813115710/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |archive-date=13 August 2021 |accessdate=13 August 2021 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de 2022–23 campaign, Patri make 40 appearances as Barcelona retain de Spanish title once more wey na she be instrumental to dema Champions League triumph. Plus Barça 2–0 down to Wolfsburg insyd de final, Guijarro score twice insyd de first five minutes of de second half to spark a dramatic 3–2 comeback victory give de Blaugrana, wey dey culminate plus Fridolina Rolfö' ein 70th-minute winner. After dis impressive performance, na dem name Patri de UWCL final Player of de Match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona's Patri Guijarro named official UEFA Women's Champions League final Player of the Match |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0282-182b51f66527-decb75dcc33f-1000--barcelona-s-patri-guijarro-named-official-uefa-women-s-ch/}}</ref> On 6 October 2023, Patri extend ein contract at Barcelona til June 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri Guijarro extends contract until 2027 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/3724212/patri-guijarro-extends-contract-until-2027 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Having develop into a world-class deep-lying midfielder, Guijarro receive a 2023 Ballon d'Or nomination, wer she place eighth insyd de final ranking. One of five Barcelona players dem give a perfect rating for dema perfect 2023–24 season, Patri start de most games as captain give de team wey she progress insyd ein leadership capabilities. Guijarro continue dey play as a central midfielder, wer ein high-quality passing mean de team ein play typically go thru am den ein positional sense allow de likes of Aitana Bonmatí, Alexia Putellas, Mariona den Clàudia Pina to shine in advanced attacking areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tikas |first=Maria |date=30 May 2024 |title=El 1x1 de una temporada perfecta |url=https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707000153/https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |archive-date=7 July 2024 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Diario Sport |language=es}}</ref> De 2023–24 campaign see Barça cam be de first Spanish women's team to plete a continental quadruple. De consistent Guijarro begin to receive regular worldwide acclaim. No be only wey she cam 11th insyd de ranking for de 2024 Ballon d'Or, buh na dem sanso include am insyd The Best FIFA Women's World XIs for both 2024 den 2025. Patri ein excellent form give club den country earn am yet anoda Ballon d'Or nomination insyd 2025, wer she achieve ein best-ever ranking of sixth position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aitana Bonmatí wins third consecutive Ballon d'Or |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4367601/aitana-bonmati-wins-third-consecutive-ballon-dor |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Herrero |first1=Laia Cervelló |last2=read |first2=Michael Cox·8 min |date=23 July 2025 |title=Will Patri Guijarro be the next Spain midfielder to win the Ballon d'Or? |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/patri-guijarro-next-spain-midfielder-041604272.html |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On 21 September 2025, Patri crown ein 350th match give Barcelona by assisting a goal for Vicky López, wich na e be de third goal of a 5–0 away win at Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sevilla 0-5 FC Barcelona: Perfect record |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/noticias/4366776/sevilla-fc-barcelona-pleno-de-victorias-0-5 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> On 16 October, Barça confirm say Guijarro suffer a stress fracture insyd de navicular bone wey she be set to be injured for around three months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical update on Patri Guijarro |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4383572/medical-update-on-patri-guijarro |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Patri be seen as an all-time Barça great, she play over 350 times give de club wey she score over 60 goals (as of de 2024–25 season). She be incredibly successful, wey she win a remarkable six Spanish league (Liga F) titles, three Champions Leagues, seven Copas de la Reina den five Supercopa de España Femenina trophies. == International career == === Youth === Guijarro get extensive individual den team success at de youth level. ; Spain U17 Guijarro ein first international youth tournament experience cam wen na she be fifteen, plus a callup to play give Spain at de 2013 UEFA Under-17 European Championship.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=6 June 2013 |title=España lleva al Europeo Sub-17 el equipo más joven de siempre |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108052132/https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> She play all 90 minutes of Spain ein two matches insyd de finals. De first finals match against Sweden go to penalties, den despite ein penalty conversion, Spain loose de shootout 4–5.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=25 June 2013 |title=España cae en la semifinal ante Suecia en la tanda de penaltis |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/25/mas_futbol/1372172411_882973.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 June 2013 |title=Spain-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2011885--spain-vs-sweden/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Dem get sam compensation, however, by defeating Belgium 4–0 insyd de next match. Guijarro score Spain ein third goal of de match as dem bow out as third-place finishers.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2013 |title=Belgium-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2012712--belgium-vs-spain/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Months later, insyd November, Guijarro be part of de Spain team at 2014 UEFA Under-17 European Championship. She kick off ein tournament plus a win against then-World champions France by scoring a goal from a corner to make de score 2–0.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=26 November 2013 |title=Las Sub-17 derrotan a Francia, actual campeona del Mundo |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/11/26/mas_futbol/1385498987_340063.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> A 4–0 thrashing of Germany put dem at de top of dema group wey e find dem playing England insyd de semi-finals, a match dem win 2–0. She draw first blood insyd de final against Germany, wey she score insyd de ninth minute plus a shot from outsyd de area. Germany find a goal later insyd de match, wey e stay tied thru extra time, wey e end up insyd penalties. She score Spain ein first den only penalty as Germany exact revenge give dema group stage loss by defeating dem 3–1 insyd de shootout.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=8 December 2013 |title=España gana la plata tras caer en los penaltis ante Alemania |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/12/08/mas_futbol/1386531331_204768.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Insyd April of de following year, she participate insyd de 2014 U-17 World Cup. Guijarro ein two tournament goals cam insyd a quarter-final brace against Nigeria, one of wich be a penalty den de oda a close-range shot from a loose ball. She earn player of de match as Spain move onto de semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup Costa Rica 2014 – Quarter-finals Round up |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225726/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=womenssoccerunited.com |publisher=Women's Soccer United}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=14 March 2014 |title=España se mete en las semifinales del Mundial Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/03/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396000566.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain go on to win de semifinal tie against Italy to reach dema first U17 World Cup final,<ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=4 April 2014 |title=La Sub'17 hace historia y jugará la final del Mundial |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/04/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396339587.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> buh na dem be defeated by 2–0 Japan as Spain record a runner-up finish insyd consecutive U17 tournaments. Na de 2015 UEFA Under-17 European Championship be ein final tournament as a U17 player. After two group stage wins den a draw, Spain fini above Germany, wey dem san meet France yet insyd de knockout round.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2015 |title=España accede a semifinales como primera de grupo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/06/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435526260.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> For de third time in a row at U17 UEFA tournaments, Spain face a penalty shootout. Unlike de oda times, however, dem be successful, wey Spain ein only miss out of de five attempts dey cam from Guijarro, wey hit de post.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=D. |date=1 July 2015 |title=España se clasifica de manera agónica para la final del Europeo Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She start de final wer Spain find demaselves winning 5–2 against Switzerland, ein first ever international title.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2015 |title=España arrolla a Suiza y recupera el trono europeo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Dem san select am for de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605051154/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U19 At de 2016 UEFA Under-19 European Championship, she play every minute of de group stage wins against Germany den Austria as Spain sweep Group B wey dem move on to win 4–3 against Netherlands insyd de semi-final. Against France insyd de final, Spain get plenty of attempts on goal, den insyd a last-gasp effort to secure a comeback, she miss a shot from a corner service wich be parried out after two more Spain shots.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 July 2016 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡SUBCAMPEONAS DE EUROPA! España cae ante Francia (2–1) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain cam runner-up as Guijarro play every minute of every match she feature insyd wey na dem name to de team of de tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2016 |title=Finalists dominate WU19 all-star squad |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/news/0230-0e164cc18089-9f247f8813b5-1000--finalists-dominate-wu19-all-star-squad/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein first match of de 2017 UEFA Under-19 European Championship be a win against Northern Ireland. Guijarro ein first tournament goal cam insyd de 53rd minute as a volley from distance. Dey follow a loss against Germany, Spain be to play Scotland wey get 3 points den 1 point, respectively, wey dey mean whoever win de match move onto de next round den automatically qualify for de 2018 U-20 World Cup. She score de game winner den ein second tournament goal insyd dat match, wey dey allow Spain to finish second insyd de table plus 6 points as dem move onto de knockouts.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2017 |title=Spain-Scotland - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022863--spain-vs-scotland/?iv=true |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-finals against de Netherlands, she send in an assist give Maite Oroz wey put Spain up 2–1. Guijarro score de game winning third goal insyd de 77th minute, wey secure Spain ein trip to dema fourth consecutive U19 EURO final even after dem san go concede insyd de 85th.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=17 August 2017 |title=Netherlands-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000767%2Fmatch%3D2022927%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207210819/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=/womensunder19/season=2017/matches/round=2000767/match=2022927/index |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de final of de tournament, she respond to France ein opening goal plus a volley insyd de box service from a corner. As de match advance, de scoreline go to 2–2 til de 89th minute wen she score ein third match-winner of de tournament plus a headed goal off of a Carmen Menayo free-kick. Plus dat goal, Spain end dema streak of three consecutive finals defeats at de U19 EUROs wey dem win dema first U19 EURO title since 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tournament history: WU19 EURO |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226041717/http://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/index.html |archive-date=26 February 2018 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Spain end Women's U-19 EURO final hoodoo |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225731/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem give am de Golden Ball as de tournament ein best player, de Golden Boot as de tournament ein highest scorer, wey dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=20 August 2017 |title=France-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000769%2Fmatch%3D2022928%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207215444/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2fwomensunder19%2fseason%3d2017%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000769%2fmatch%3d2022928%2findex |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U20 Na Spain get a relatively unsuccessful run at de 2016 U-20 World Cup. Guijarro ein first den only tournament goal cam insyd a 5–0 win against Canada, insyd wich she sanso assist a Lucía García stoppage time strike.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 November 2016 |title=Spain off to perfect start with Canada win |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114182006/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |archive-date=14 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start insyd a win against Japan wey dem rest am for a loss against Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2016 |title=Falconets bow out with win, Spain through |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121115224/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> At de end of de group stage, Spain sit at second insyd de table, wey dem advance dem to de knockouts. Dem bow out insyd a 3–2 loss against North Korea insyd de quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Spanish heartbreak as Korea DPR win extra-time thriller |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125131749/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |archive-date=25 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem name Guijarro vice captain for de 2018 U-20 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tengo carácter y me gusta la responsabilidad, pero asumo mi papel dentro del equipo" |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20190611/patri-guijarro-entrevista-mundial-femenino-francia-alemania-espana-7498525 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> She start de tournament by scoring a hat-trick against Paraguay insyd de first match of de group stage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=de Vicente |first1=Marcos |date=6 August 2018 |title=Guijarro marca el camino |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2018/08/06/5b686434468aeb07278b46ae.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She san go on to score insyd de group stage against de United States insyd a match wey end a 2–2 draw, dey effectively knock out de United States insyd de group stages for de first time ever insyd a U20 tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yang |first1=Stephanie |date=13 August 2018 |title=USA 2–2 tie with Spain not enough to advance out of group at U20 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616161746/https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=starsandstripesfc.com |publisher=[[SB Nation]]}}</ref> Insyd de quarter-finals, Spain face Group D runner-ups Nigeria, wey Guijarro score yet anoda match-winner just before halftime. Plus ein match winner, Spain reach de semi-finals of a U-20 World Cup for de first time ever.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Saul |date=16 August 2020 |title=CHRONICLE – Spain makes history with its qualification for the semi-finals of the Women's U20 World Cup (2–1) |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163639/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain meet de previous tournament ein runner-up, France, insyd de next round.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She head insyd ein sixth goal of de tournament insyd de semifinal matchup, wich na she dey lead insyd de Golden Boot race. Na ein goal be de only goal of de tie wey Spain advance to dema first U-20 Women's World Cup final plus a 1–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup France 2018 – Matches – France – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124836/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Spain loose dema captain Aitana Bonmatí thru suspension against France, so Guijarro start plus de captain ein band for de final against Japan. Despite chaw attempts on goal, na dem keep am scoreless insyd de final against Japan as Spain fall 1–3.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan cruise to maiden world title |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031641/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |archive-date=21 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Before de final, England forward Georgia Stanway tie ein six-goal tally insyd de third-place match against France. Dem both end dema tournaments plus six goals wey she share top scorer honours plus Stanway, buh Guijarro earn de Golden Boot by registering an additional three assists. Na dem sanso award am de Golden Ball wey na dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan are crowned the 2018 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup Champions! Meet all the award winners. |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229230046/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na de tournament be ein final youth international experience as she transition to a full senior international between 2018 den 2019. As of 2019, she remain Spain ein highest scorer plus de U-20 team plus seven goals. === Senior === [[File:Spain_womens_national_team_20181113.jpg|left|thumb|Guijarro (second row, left) dey line up plus Spain national team insyd 2018]] Ein first senior national team cap den start cam insyd a goalless draw against Iceland at de 2017 Algarve Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=18 October 2017 |title=España podría tener dos nuevas debutantes en la 'Era Vilda' |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225728/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Na dis be de final match of de group stages, den dema point den goal difference put dem insyd de first place match against Canada. She sub on for Mapi León late insyd de match to help maintain a 1–0 lead. Dis victory earn Guijarro den Spain dema first ever senior international title. Patri play every match for Spain insyd de 2019 World Cup qualifiers wer she score two goals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Díaz-Agero |first1=Alejandro |date=12 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tenemos que aprovechar este momento" |url=https://www.abc.es/deportes/futbol/abci-patri-guijarro-tenemos-aprovechar-este-momento-201906080128_noticia.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=abc.es |publisher=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]}}</ref> Ein first senior international goal be a 91st minute match-winner wey cam insyd a qualifying match against Serbia, dey keep dem on top of de qualification group.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=24 November 2017 |title=Un gol de Patri Guijarro en el 90' salva el 'Black Friday' de España en Belgrado |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Ein second international goal cam against Austria four days later insyd a 4–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 November 2017 |title=Así vivimos la goleada de España a Austria en Son Moix |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220033010/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain win all of dema qualifying matches wey na dem be de first European team to qualify for de tournament oda dan de hosts France.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Franco |first1=Marina |date=4 June 2019 |title=Women's World Cup Preview: Meet the Teams |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/sports/womens-world-cup-preview.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> By 2018, Guijarro establish einself as a regular starter plus de Spain national team. At de 2018 Cyprus Cup, she play insyd two of Spain ein group stage matches- two wins against Austria den de Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=28 February 2018 |title=España solventa su debut en la Copa Chipre con una trabajada victoria ante Austria |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222005423/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Muñoz |first1=Antonio |date=5 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – España se gana estar entre las mejores (2–0) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163638/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Seven points den a +3 goal difference at de end of de group stage mean na Spain for face Italy insyd de final of de tournament. Insyd de 80th minute of de final, Patri connect plus service from a corner to send insyd Spain ein second goal.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡España, campeona de la Cyprus Cup! |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228024315/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |archive-date=28 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein 2–0 win be Spain ein first Cyprus Cup title den Guijarro ein second title plus Spain ein senior team. Na dem call Patri to Spain ein 2019 World Cup squad days after she be discharged from a long-term injury on ein right foot.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She sit out de first match against South Africa as a precaution for ein recently healed injury. De midfielder make ein World Cup debut insyd de next match, a group stage clash against European powerhouse Germany, dey sub on insyd de 65th minute for Silvia Meseguer.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Germany – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607154117/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start den play all 90 minutes of Spain ein next two matches- a draw insyd de final group stage match against China den Spain ein first ever knockout match of a World Cup against de United States. Spain den Guijarro fall insyd de Round of 16 to de eventual tournament winners despite producing a hard-fought performance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walker |first1=Mollie |date=24 June 2019 |title=USWNT in surprising World Cup battle with Spain |url=https://nypost.com/2019/06/24/uswnt-in-surprising-world-cup-battle-with-spain/ |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=nypost.com |publisher=[[New York Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Spain – USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155656/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem include Guijarro insyd Spain ein squad for de Euro 2022 dem hold insyd England. She start all four of ein nation ein matches at de competition. Na dem knock Spain out by hosts den eventual winners England insyd de quarter-finals following a 2-1 loss after extra time. Na Patri be one of ''Las 15'', a group of players wey make demaselves unavailable for international selection insyd September 2022 secof dema dissatisfaction plus head coach Jorge Vilda, den among de dozen wey no be involved 11 months later as Spain win de World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last=Burhan |first=Asif |date=12 June 2023 |title=Jorge Vilda Recalls Players Who Resigned Back Into His Spanish World Cup Squad |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221512/https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lillicrap |first=Simon |date=14 August 2023 |title=Spain v Sweden: Las 15+3, An International Team In Chaos And Lonely Jorge Vilda |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221515/https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=The Sportsman}}</ref> On 10 June 2025, na dem call Guijarro up to de Spain squad for de Euro 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=OFFICIAL: Montse Tomé announces her squad for the European Championships in Switzerland |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613113504/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Insyd de final group stage match, she score insyd a 3-1 win over Italy. A key player at de base of de Spanish midfield, Patri start all six of dema games wey she produce controlling midfield performances as La Roja reach de final. On 27 July, she start insyd de Euro 2025 final wey na she be ee only Spanish player to score insyd de penalty shootout as Spain loose to England 3–1 on penalties after a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=England only had one key trait over Spain – but it led them to Euro 2025 glory |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/england-spain-euro-2025-final-chloe-kelly-hannah-hampton-b2796950.html |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=England 1-1 Spain: Lionesses retain title with dramatic penalty victory as Chloe Kelly score winning kick |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c78n2p6yz3lt |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> As of December 2025, Patri be Spain ein eighth most-capped player of all-time plus over 70 international appearances. == Style of play == Guijarro be described by FIFA insyd 2018 as a box-to-box midfielder wey be able to be a creative presence at every stage of an attacking play;<ref name="fifainjury20192">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref name="fifaprofile2018">{{cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, Spain's leader eyeing France 2018 glory |url=https://www.fifa.com/news/patri-guijarro-spain-leader-eyeing-france-2018-glory-2944314 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fifa.com/news/patri-guijarro-spain-leader-eyeing-france-2018-glory-2944314 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Guijarro dey consider einself an offensive player, saying she be deployed insyd both defensive den forward midfield roles for Spain den [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]. She feel she be used more defensively at Barcelona dan plus Spain.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Santiago |first1=Lucía |date=6 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Quiero estar a tope y hacerlo como sé" |url=https://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2019/06/06/patri-guijarro-quiero-tope-hacerlo/1423423.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225730/https://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2019/06/06/patri-guijarro-quiero-tope-hacerlo/1423423.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=diariodemallorca.es |publisher=[[Diario de Mallorca]]}}</ref> Insyd 2018, club den country teammate Aitana Bonmatí sanso feel say Guijarro help de team "by making runs into de box".<ref>{{cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=The advantages of being on Patri's side |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/the-advantages-of-being-on-patris-side |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225730/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/the-advantages-of-being-on-patris-side |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> By 2023, Guijarro be considered a deep-lying playmaker at Barcelona.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Abdullah |first=Abdullah |date=13 January 2023 |title=Patri, Walsh, or Engen – Why the Spaniard should be Barcelona's starting No. 6 |url=https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225005603/https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |archive-date=25 February 2024 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=Pressing Matters}}</ref> She be a physical presence on de pitch, wey she get spatial awareness to anticipate defensive den attacking situations. Barcelona ein midfield dey operate plus passing play, wey Guijarro ein passing range be typically short, tight, passes dat keep de ball moving den allow am to facilitate link-up play.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd de deeper areas of de pitch, Guijarro dey play horizontal passes, different to ein deep-lying Barcelona midfield teammates Keira Walsh den Ingrid Syrstad Engen, keeping momentum insyd possession plus ein teammates den dey accelerate forward off de ball. Using ein speed den physicality to break past markers, Guijarro be able to finish moves she start den contribute insyd attack. Higher up de pitch she dey advance de ball wey she sanso fi provide crosses into de box.<ref name=":0" /> If she dey stay back instead, ein defensive awareness dey allow oda midfielders to press insyd advanced areas; ein midfield defensive work be characterised by ball-winning duels.<ref name=":0" /> == Personal life == Patri ein idol be former Spain teammate den fellow [[Balearic Islands]] native [[Virginia Torrecilla]].<ref name=":1" /> She sanso cite [[Andrés Iniesta]] as an idol.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 December 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, amb el futbol a la sang i el gol a les venes |url=https://www.elnacional.cat/ca/esport-local/patri-guijarro-gol-barca-madrid_333612_102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108062037/https://www.elnacional.cat/ca/esport-local/patri-guijarro-gol-barca-madrid_333612_102.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=elnacional.cat |publisher=El Nacional Catalunya}}</ref> Na she be de first girl at [[La Masia]] to complete de [[Spanish Baccalaureate|Baccalaureate]] den, as of 2018, na she dey study [[Physical therapy|physiotherapy]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name="fifaprofile2018" /><ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, la líder de la Rojita a la conquista de Francia |url=https://es.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/patri-guijarro-la-lider-de-la-rojita-a-la-conquista-de-francia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225731/https://es.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/patri-guijarro-la-lider-de-la-rojita-a-la-conquista-de-francia |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=es.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> == Career statistics == [[File:Brann - Barça Femení CG3A7206.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Guijarro plus Barcelona insyd March 2024]] === Club === {{Updated|match played 15 October 2025}} <ref>{{Soccerway|patricia-guijarro/290157|access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 Patri Guijarro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171833/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 |date=18 January 2023 }} at BDFutbol</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Appearances den goals by club, season den competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Oda ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[UD Collerense (women)|Collerense]] |[[2013–14 Primera División (women)|2013–14]] |rowspan="2"|[[Liga F|Primera División]] |22||3||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||22||3 |- |[[2014–15 Primera División (women)|2014–15]] |29||4||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||29||4 |- !colspan="2"|Total !51!!7!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–!!51!!7 |- | rowspan="12" |[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] |[[2015–16 FC Barcelona Femení season|2015–16]] | rowspan="11" |Primera División |23||6||3||1||5||0||colspan="2"|–||31||7 |- |[[2016–17 FC Barcelona Femení season|2016–17]] |20||2||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|–||27||2 |- |[[2017–18 FC Barcelona Femení season|2017–18]] |25||9||4||0||6||1||colspan="2"|–||35||10 |- |[[2018–19 FC Barcelona Femení season|2018–19]] |14||4||1||0||3||2||colspan="2"|–||18||6 |- |[[2019–20 FC Barcelona Femení season|2019–20]] |18||2||4||1||5||1||2||1||29||5 |- |[[2020–21 FC Barcelona Femení season|2020–21]] |29||8||3||1||7||0||1||0||40||9 |- |[[2021–22 FC Barcelona Femení season|2021–22]] |25||4||3||0||8||0||2||0||38||4 |- |[[2022–23 FC Barcelona Femení season|2022–23]] |28||3||0||0||10||4||2||0||40||7 |- |[[2023–24 FC Barcelona Femení season|2023–24]] |23||5||5||1||10||4||2||0||40||10 |- |[[2024–25 FC Barcelona Femení season|2024–25]] |25 |7 |4 |1 |11 |0 |2 |1 |42 |9 |- |[[2025–26 FC Barcelona Femení season|2025–26]] |6 |2 | | |2 |0 | | |8 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !236!!52!!29!!5!!72!!12!!11!!2!!348!!71 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !287!!59!!29!!5!!72!!12!!11!!2!!399!! |} ===International=== {{updated|match played 20 July 2022}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/aitana-bonmati/317284/ | title=Spain -Aitana Bonmati – Profile with news, career statistics and history – Soccerway | access-date=9 March 2024 | archive-date=5 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805101209/https://int.soccerway.com/players/aitana-bonmati/317284/ | url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="8"|[[Spain women's national football team|Spain]] |2017||5||2 |- |2018||13||1 |- |2019||9||1 |- |2020||6||3 |- |2021||9||3 |- |2022||11||1 |- |2024||12||0 |- |2025||1||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!65!!12 |} :''Scores den results list Spain ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Guijarro goal.'' {| class="wikitable collapsible" |- !colspan="7"|Patricia Guijarro – goals give {{fbw|SPA}} |- ! # !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition |- |align="center"| 1. || 24 November 2017 || [[Voždovac Stadium]], [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]] || {{fbw|SER}} ||align=center| 2–1 ||align=center| 2–1 || rowspan=2|[[2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"| 2. || 28 November 2017 || [[Visit Mallorca Stadium|Estadi de Son Moix]], [[Palma de Mallorca]], [[Spain]] || {{fbw|AUT}} ||align=center| 2–0 ||align=center| 4–0 |- |align="center"| 3. || 7 March 2018 || [[AEK Arena – Georgios Karapatakis|AEK Arena]], [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]] || {{fbw|ITA}} ||align=center| 2–0 ||align=center| 2–0 || [[2018 Cyprus Women's Cup]] |- |align="center"| 4. || 4 October 2019 || [[Estadio Riazor]], [[A Coruña]], Spain || {{fbw|AZE}} ||align=center| 1–0 ||align=center| 4–0 || rowspan="4" |[[UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying]] |- |align="center"| 5. || 19 September 2020 || [[Zimbru Stadium]], [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]] || {{fbw|MDA}} || align=center|8–0 || align=center| 9–0 |- |align="center"| 6. || 23 October 2020 || [[Estadio de La Cartuja]], [[Seville]], Spain || {{fbw|CZE}} ||align=center| 2–0 ||align=center| 4–0 |- |align="center"| 7. || 27 November 2020 || [[La Ciudad del Fútbol]], [[Las Rozas de Madrid]], Spain || {{fbw|MDA}} ||align="center"| 8–0 ||align="center"| 10–0 |- |align="center"| 8. || 9 April 2021 || [[Estadio Municipal de Marbella]], [[Marbella]], Spain || {{fbw|NED}} ||align="center"| 1–0 ||align="center"| 1–0 ||rowspan=2| [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |align="center"| 9. || 15 June 2021 || [[Estadio Municipal de Santo Domingo]], [[Alcorcón]], Spain || {{fbw|DEN}} ||align="center"| 2–0 ||align="center"| 3–0 |- |align="center"| 10. || 16 September 2021 || [[Tórsvøllur]], [[Tórshavn]], Faroe Islands || {{fbw|FRO}} ||align=center| 8–0 ||align=center| 10–0 || rowspan=2|[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"| 11. || 2 September 2022 || La Ciudad del Fútbol, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain || {{fbw|HUN}} ||align=center| 3–0 ||align=center| 3–0 |- |align="center"| 12. || 4 April 2025 || [[Estádio Capital do Móvel]], [[Paços de Ferreira]], [[Portugal]] || {{fbw|POR}} || align=center| 1–0 || align=center| 4–2 || [[2025 UEFA Women's Nations League A|2025 UEFA Women's Nations League]] |- | align="center"| 13. || 11 July 2025 || [[Stadion Wankdorf]], [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]] || {{fbw|ITA}} || align=center| 2–1 || align=center| 3–1 || [[UEFA Women's Euro 2025 Group B|UEFA Women's Euro 2025]] |- | align="center"| 14. || 5 June 2026 || [[Estadi Mallorca Son Moix]], [[Palma de Mallorca]], Spain || {{fbw|ENG}} || align=center| 1–0 || align=center| 4–0 || [[2027 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA League A|2027 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |} == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q27916814|c=Category:Patricia Guijarro|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri Patricia Guijarro] at [[FC Barcelona (women)|FC Barcelona]] * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 Patricia Guijarro] at BDFutbol {{DEFAULTSORT:Guijarro, Patri}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Spanish women's footballers]] [[Category:Liga F players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení players]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Palma de Mallorca]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:Spain women's international footballers]] [[Category:UD Collerense (women) players]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players]] [[Category:Spain women's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Champions League–winning players]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish sportswomen]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2025 players]] rdkq8bs0rqmzup681667rrqaqwhn7ci 109170 109167 2026-08-05T23:38:10Z DaSupremo 9 /* Honours */ Improve article 109170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patricia Guijarro Gutiérrez''' (born 17 May 1998) be a Spanish professional footballer wey primarily dey play as a holding anaa central midfielder give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. Dem mostly deploy am as a "number six", she be widely recognised as one of de best deep-lying playmakers insyd football. Guijarro play a major role insyd Spain ein most recent youth national team success, wey dey make important contributions to dema under-17, under-19, den under-20 teams. Most notably, she receive de Golden Ball den Golden Boot at de 2018 U-20 World Cup as Spain fini second.<ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Additionally, after ein transfer to [[FC Barcelona Femení]] from UD Collerense insyd 2015, she find both domestic success den European success plus de club. Na Patri be part of de Barcelona squad wey reach dema first Champions League final insyd 2019, as well as she be integral part of de Barcelona side wey win de 2020–21 UEFA Champions League.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She score two goals insyd de 2023 Champions League final as she win ein second Champions League title plus Barcelona. Ein performances give Spain ein youth teams, senior side dem Barcelona make am widely considered one of de best midfielders insyd de world.<ref name="theguardian2018">{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=7 December 2018 |title=The Guardian elige a cuatro españolas entre las 100 mejores futbolistas del planeta |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/12/07/5c0a5553ca474146178b45e1.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Jessy Parker Humphreys |date=12 December 2022 |title=Ranked! The 10 best women's defensive midfielders in the world |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-10-best-womens-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ibaceta|first=Alex|date=25 July 2025|title=The value of Spain's Patri Guijarro: 'Watch her play and you can't help but smile'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/jul/25/patri-guijarro-value-spain-womens-euro-2025|access-date=10 January 2026|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Early life == Dem born Patricia Guijarro on 17 May 1998, insyd Palma, de capital city of de island of Mallorca. She recount dem born am into a "football family" wey she share an interest insyd de sport plus ein parents since a young age.<ref name="victoriamagprofile">{{cite web |last1=Sorolla |first1=Dani |date=30 November 2018 |title=PATRI GUIJARRO: "VEO POCO FÚTBOL MASCULINO" |url=http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225745/http://www.victoriamag.es/patri-guijarro-perfil/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=victoriamag.es |publisher=Victoria Mag}}</ref> She start dey play football at age seven under ein poppie ein influence.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Mendiola |first1=Luis |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patricia Guijarro toca el cielo |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050211/https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20180821/patricia--guijarro--lidera--seleccion--femenina--sub-20--final--mundial-6997650 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> Na de first club she play give for ein hometown club CF Patronato.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Club career == === Collerense === At fourteen years old, na dem call Guijarro up to play plus de youth levels of de UD Collerense squad after she no longer be allowed to play plus boys.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Na dem promote am to Collerense ein first team at just fifteen years old. Insyd a match against [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]], she catch de attention of then Barcelona coach Xavi Llorens wey move to sign am de following summer.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Borrego |first1=Á. |date=21 August 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, del patio del colegio a la gloria |url=https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421031319/https://eldesmarque.com/actualidad/futbol/futbol-femenino/1241937-patri-guijarro-del-patio-del-colegio-a-la-gloria |archive-date=21 April 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=eldesmarque.com |publisher=El Desmarque}}</ref> === Barcelona === [[File:2019-05-17_Fußball,_Frauen,_UEFA_Women's_Champions_League,_Olympique_Lyonnais_-_FC_Barcelona_StP_0886_LR10_by_Stepro.jpg|right|thumb|Guijarro dey warm up plus [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] before de 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final]] Na dem finalise Patri ein transfer from Collerense to [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] insyd June 2015 plus a three-year deal.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=Patri Guijarro firma por tres temporadas con el Barça |url=http://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012090845/https://www.deportebalear.com/2015/06/09/patri-guijarro-firma-por-tres-temporadas-con-el-barca/ |archive-date=12 October 2023 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=deportebalear.com |publisher=Deporte Balear}}</ref> She make ein debut give de Blaugrana aged 17 insyd de 2015–16 season. At de start of de 2017–18 season, she score insyd a 3–0 Copa Catalunya victory against Espanyol, wey she earn ein third Copa Catalunya trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 August 2017 |title=FC Barcelona 3–0 RCD Espanyol: Two magical minutes secure Copa Catalunya |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232757/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748275/fc-barcelona-3-0-rcd-espanyol-two-magical-minutes-secure-copa-catalunya |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-final of de 2017–18 Champions League, Patri score ein first ever UWCL goal away at Lyon wey help keep Barcelona insyd de tie.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2018 |title=Olympique Lyon v FC Barcelona Women: All to play for! (2–1) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711218/olympique-lyon-v-fc-barcelona-women-all-to-play-for-2-1 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de home leg, however, na Barcelona be de victims of a Eugénie Le Sommer strike wey Guijarro nearly knock off de goal-line, wey dem exit insyd de quarter-finals to de eventual tournament winners.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=FC Barcelona 0–1 Lyon: It wasn't to be |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/711127/fc-barcelona-0-1-lyon-it-wasnt-to-be |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> She play insyd each of Barcelona ein matches insyd de 2018 Copa de la Reina, wey dey include de semi-final wey go to penalties. Patri successfully convert ein penalty as Barcelona advance to dema seventh Copa de la Reina final.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – FC Barcelona – Atlético de Madrid, gran final de la Copa de SM la Reina |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-athletic-fc-barcelona |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> She start de final against Atlético Madrid wey go to extra time wey na e be rescued by a Mariona Caldentey goal insyd de 122nd minute wey win am ein second Copa de la Reina title.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 June 2018 |title=El Barcelona consigue su sexta Copa de la Reina al ganar al Atlético |url=https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301001310/https://www.rtve.es/deportes/20180602/barcelona-consigue-su-sexta-copa-reina-ganar-atletico/1744200.shtml |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rtve.es |publisher=[[RTVE]]}}</ref> For a large portion of de 2018–19 season, na Guijarro be sidelined plus a ganglion cyst injury on ein right foot wey last almost 5 months wey require two operations.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem discharge am from injury hours before de 2019 Champions League Final, buh she no feature insyd Barcelona ein 4–1 loss to Lyon later dat day.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2019 |title=The UEFA Women's Champions League final, AS IT HAPPENED |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1221333/the-uefa-womens-champions-league-final-as-it-happened |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> At de start of de 2019–20 season, na dem give Patri a captaincy role for de first time by becoming de team ein fifth-choice captain.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Les cinc capitanes del Barça Femení |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095541/https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/noticies/1319807/les-cinc-capitanes-del-barca-femeni?hootPostID=13373c52bbd2b7a200d14be7b646903a |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.cat |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd February 2020, she play insyd de first edition of de Supercopa de España Femenina, wey na she be de first Barcelona player to score insyd de semi-finals against Atlético Madrid plus a volley from outsyd de box.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Atlético Madrid 2–3 Barça: Super Cup finalists! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232758/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1603934/atletico-madrid-2-3-barca-super-cup-finalists |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Patri Guijarro nos revela los códigos de su misil |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163641/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/patri-guijarro-nos-revela-codigos-su-misil |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Guijarro start de final against Real Sociedad, a huge 10–1 win wey earn Barça den Patri dema first ever Supercopa de España Femenina trophy.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 February 2020 |title=Real Sociedad 1–10 Barça Women: Super Cup Champions! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229232754/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/1606145/real-sociedad-1-10-barca-women-super-cup-champions |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de first game of Barcelona ein 2020–21 league season, Patri score de opening goal insyd a match against Real Madrid Femenino to make am de first goalscorer insyd de Women's Clásico.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Real Madrid v Barça Women: The first Clásico is blaugrana (0–4) |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1854125/real-madrid-v-bara-women-the-first-clsico-is-blaugrana-0-4 |access-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Later dat same season, Guijarro start de 2021 Champions League Final on 16 May 2021, wer she for play out of position as a right-sided centre-back secof regular central defensive starter Andrea Pereira be suspended for de final.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 May 2021 |title=Women's Champions League final: Meet the teams – Barcelona |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0269-1240398cde16-0106595a5d46-1000--meet-the-teams-barcelona/ |access-date=19 May 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A day before ein 23rd birthday, Patri play all 90 minutes as Barça destroy Chelsea 4–0 insyd de final to win dema first-ever Champions League (UWCL) trophy den to cam be de first Spanish women's side to plete de treble.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Mayca |date=18 May 2021 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Ahora vamos a ir a por el triplete a muerte" |url=https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://as.com/futbol/2021/05/18/femenino/1621291367_357372.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |accessdate=19 May 2021 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Dey follow de departure of first-captain Vicky Losada, Guijarro step into de fourth-captaincy role ahead of de 2021–22 season.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=The four women's team captains |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813115710/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2213179/the-four-womens-team-captains |archive-date=13 August 2021 |accessdate=13 August 2021 |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> Insyd de 2022–23 campaign, Patri make 40 appearances as Barcelona retain de Spanish title once more wey na she be instrumental to dema Champions League triumph. Plus Barça 2–0 down to Wolfsburg insyd de final, Guijarro score twice insyd de first five minutes of de second half to spark a dramatic 3–2 comeback victory give de Blaugrana, wey dey culminate plus Fridolina Rolfö' ein 70th-minute winner. After dis impressive performance, na dem name Patri de UWCL final Player of de Match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona's Patri Guijarro named official UEFA Women's Champions League final Player of the Match |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0282-182b51f66527-decb75dcc33f-1000--barcelona-s-patri-guijarro-named-official-uefa-women-s-ch/}}</ref> On 6 October 2023, Patri extend ein contract at Barcelona til June 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri Guijarro extends contract until 2027 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/3724212/patri-guijarro-extends-contract-until-2027 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Having develop into a world-class deep-lying midfielder, Guijarro receive a 2023 Ballon d'Or nomination, wer she place eighth insyd de final ranking. One of five Barcelona players dem give a perfect rating for dema perfect 2023–24 season, Patri start de most games as captain give de team wey she progress insyd ein leadership capabilities. Guijarro continue dey play as a central midfielder, wer ein high-quality passing mean de team ein play typically go thru am den ein positional sense allow de likes of Aitana Bonmatí, Alexia Putellas, Mariona den Clàudia Pina to shine in advanced attacking areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tikas |first=Maria |date=30 May 2024 |title=El 1x1 de una temporada perfecta |url=https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707000153/https://www-sport-es.translate.goog/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/1x1-temporada-perfecta-103107077 |archive-date=7 July 2024 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Diario Sport |language=es}}</ref> De 2023–24 campaign see Barça cam be de first Spanish women's team to plete a continental quadruple. De consistent Guijarro begin to receive regular worldwide acclaim. No be only wey she cam 11th insyd de ranking for de 2024 Ballon d'Or, buh na dem sanso include am insyd The Best FIFA Women's World XIs for both 2024 den 2025. Patri ein excellent form give club den country earn am yet anoda Ballon d'Or nomination insyd 2025, wer she achieve ein best-ever ranking of sixth position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aitana Bonmatí wins third consecutive Ballon d'Or |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4367601/aitana-bonmati-wins-third-consecutive-ballon-dor |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Herrero |first1=Laia Cervelló |last2=read |first2=Michael Cox·8 min |date=23 July 2025 |title=Will Patri Guijarro be the next Spain midfielder to win the Ballon d'Or? |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/patri-guijarro-next-spain-midfielder-041604272.html |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> On 21 September 2025, Patri crown ein 350th match give Barcelona by assisting a goal for Vicky López, wich na e be de third goal of a 5–0 away win at Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sevilla 0-5 FC Barcelona: Perfect record |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/noticias/4366776/sevilla-fc-barcelona-pleno-de-victorias-0-5 |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> On 16 October, Barça confirm say Guijarro suffer a stress fracture insyd de navicular bone wey she be set to be injured for around three months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical update on Patri Guijarro |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4383572/medical-update-on-patri-guijarro |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> Patri be seen as an all-time Barça great, she play over 350 times give de club wey she score over 60 goals (as of de 2024–25 season). She be incredibly successful, wey she win a remarkable six Spanish league (Liga F) titles, three Champions Leagues, seven Copas de la Reina den five Supercopa de España Femenina trophies. == International career == === Youth === Guijarro get extensive individual den team success at de youth level. ; Spain U17 Guijarro ein first international youth tournament experience cam wen na she be fifteen, plus a callup to play give Spain at de 2013 UEFA Under-17 European Championship.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=6 June 2013 |title=España lleva al Europeo Sub-17 el equipo más joven de siempre |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108052132/https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/06/mas_futbol/1370541312_561435.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> She play all 90 minutes of Spain ein two matches insyd de finals. De first finals match against Sweden go to penalties, den despite ein penalty conversion, Spain loose de shootout 4–5.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=25 June 2013 |title=España cae en la semifinal ante Suecia en la tanda de penaltis |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/06/25/mas_futbol/1372172411_882973.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 June 2013 |title=Spain-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2011885--spain-vs-sweden/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Dem get sam compensation, however, by defeating Belgium 4–0 insyd de next match. Guijarro score Spain ein third goal of de match as dem bow out as third-place finishers.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2013 |title=Belgium-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2012712--belgium-vs-spain/?iv=true |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Months later, insyd November, Guijarro be part of de Spain team at 2014 UEFA Under-17 European Championship. She kick off ein tournament plus a win against then-World champions France by scoring a goal from a corner to make de score 2–0.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=26 November 2013 |title=Las Sub-17 derrotan a Francia, actual campeona del Mundo |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/11/26/mas_futbol/1385498987_340063.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> A 4–0 thrashing of Germany put dem at de top of dema group wey e find dem playing England insyd de semi-finals, a match dem win 2–0. She draw first blood insyd de final against Germany, wey she score insyd de ninth minute plus a shot from outsyd de area. Germany find a goal later insyd de match, wey e stay tied thru extra time, wey e end up insyd penalties. She score Spain ein first den only penalty as Germany exact revenge give dema group stage loss by defeating dem 3–1 insyd de shootout.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roldán |first1=Isabel |date=8 December 2013 |title=España gana la plata tras caer en los penaltis ante Alemania |url=https://as.com/futbol/2013/12/08/mas_futbol/1386531331_204768.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=as.com |publisher=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref> Insyd April of de following year, she participate insyd de 2014 U-17 World Cup. Guijarro ein two tournament goals cam insyd a quarter-final brace against Nigeria, one of wich be a penalty den de oda a close-range shot from a loose ball. She earn player of de match as Spain move onto de semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup Costa Rica 2014 – Quarter-finals Round up |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225726/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-costa-rica-2014-quarter-finals-round/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=womenssoccerunited.com |publisher=Women's Soccer United}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=14 March 2014 |title=España se mete en las semifinales del Mundial Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/03/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396000566.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain go on to win de semifinal tie against Italy to reach dema first U17 World Cup final,<ref>{{cite web |last1=de la Casa |first1=Javier |date=4 April 2014 |title=La Sub'17 hace historia y jugará la final del Mundial |url=https://www.marca.com/2014/04/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1396339587.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> buh na dem be defeated by 2–0 Japan as Spain record a runner-up finish insyd consecutive U17 tournaments. Na de 2015 UEFA Under-17 European Championship be ein final tournament as a U17 player. After two group stage wins den a draw, Spain fini above Germany, wey dem san meet France yet insyd de knockout round.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2015 |title=España accede a semifinales como primera de grupo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/06/28/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435526260.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> For de third time in a row at U17 UEFA tournaments, Spain face a penalty shootout. Unlike de oda times, however, dem be successful, wey Spain ein only miss out of de five attempts dey cam from Guijarro, wey hit de post.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=D. |date=1 July 2015 |title=España se clasifica de manera agónica para la final del Europeo Sub'17 |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/01/futbol/futbol_femenino/1435762421.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She start de final wer Spain find demaselves winning 5–2 against Switzerland, ein first ever international title.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2015 |title=España arrolla a Suiza y recupera el trono europeo |url=https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019124143/https://www.marca.com/2015/07/04/futbol/futbol_femenino/1436032638.html |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> Dem san select am for de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605051154/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/season=2015/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html |archive-date=5 June 2021 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U19 At de 2016 UEFA Under-19 European Championship, she play every minute of de group stage wins against Germany den Austria as Spain sweep Group B wey dem move on to win 4–3 against Netherlands insyd de semi-final. Against France insyd de final, Spain get plenty of attempts on goal, den insyd a last-gasp effort to secure a comeback, she miss a shot from a corner service wich be parried out after two more Spain shots.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 July 2016 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡SUBCAMPEONAS DE EUROPA! España cae ante Francia (2–1) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163637/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-subcampeonas-europa-espana-cae-francia-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain cam runner-up as Guijarro play every minute of every match she feature insyd wey na dem name to de team of de tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2016 |title=Finalists dominate WU19 all-star squad |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/news/0230-0e164cc18089-9f247f8813b5-1000--finalists-dominate-wu19-all-star-squad/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein first match of de 2017 UEFA Under-19 European Championship be a win against Northern Ireland. Guijarro ein first tournament goal cam insyd de 53rd minute as a volley from distance. Dey follow a loss against Germany, Spain be to play Scotland wey get 3 points den 1 point, respectively, wey dey mean whoever win de match move onto de next round den automatically qualify for de 2018 U-20 World Cup. She score de game winner den ein second tournament goal insyd dat match, wey dey allow Spain to finish second insyd de table plus 6 points as dem move onto de knockouts.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2017 |title=Spain-Scotland - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022863--spain-vs-scotland/?iv=true |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de semi-finals against de Netherlands, she send in an assist give Maite Oroz wey put Spain up 2–1. Guijarro score de game winning third goal insyd de 77th minute, wey secure Spain ein trip to dema fourth consecutive U19 EURO final even after dem san go concede insyd de 85th.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=17 August 2017 |title=Netherlands-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000767%2Fmatch%3D2022927%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207210819/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022927--netherlands-vs-spain/?referrer=/womensunder19/season=2017/matches/round=2000767/match=2022927/index |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Insyd de final of de tournament, she respond to France ein opening goal plus a volley insyd de box service from a corner. As de match advance, de scoreline go to 2–2 til de 89th minute wen she score ein third match-winner of de tournament plus a headed goal off of a Carmen Menayo free-kick. Plus dat goal, Spain end dema streak of three consecutive finals defeats at de U19 EUROs wey dem win dema first U19 EURO title since 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tournament history: WU19 EURO |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226041717/http://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/history/index.html |archive-date=26 February 2018 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Spain end Women's U-19 EURO final hoodoo |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225731/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/spain-end-women-s-u-19-euro-final-hoodoo-2904838 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem give am de Golden Ball as de tournament ein best player, de Golden Boot as de tournament ein highest scorer, wey dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Laure |date=20 August 2017 |title=France-Spain - Women's Under-19 - UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2017%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000769%2Fmatch%3D2022928%2Findex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207215444/https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2022928--france-vs-spain/?referrer=%2fwomensunder19%2fseason%3d2017%2fmatches%2fround%3d2000769%2fmatch%3d2022928%2findex |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ; Spain U20 Na Spain get a relatively unsuccessful run at de 2016 U-20 World Cup. Guijarro ein first den only tournament goal cam insyd a 5–0 win against Canada, insyd wich she sanso assist a Lucía García stoppage time strike.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 November 2016 |title=Spain off to perfect start with Canada win |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114182006/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353162/match-report.html |archive-date=14 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start insyd a win against Japan wey dem rest am for a loss against Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2016 |title=Falconets bow out with win, Spain through |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121115224/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275987/match=300353163/match-report.html |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> At de end of de group stage, Spain sit at second insyd de table, wey dem advance dem to de knockouts. Dem bow out insyd a 3–2 loss against North Korea insyd de quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Spanish heartbreak as Korea DPR win extra-time thriller |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125131749/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=275999/match=300353182/match-report.html |archive-date=25 November 2016 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem name Guijarro vice captain for de 2018 U-20 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tengo carácter y me gusta la responsabilidad, pero asumo mi papel dentro del equipo" |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20190611/patri-guijarro-entrevista-mundial-femenino-francia-alemania-espana-7498525 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=elperiodico.com |publisher=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]}}</ref> She start de tournament by scoring a hat-trick against Paraguay insyd de first match of de group stage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=de Vicente |first1=Marcos |date=6 August 2018 |title=Guijarro marca el camino |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2018/08/06/5b686434468aeb07278b46ae.html |access-date=23 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]]}}</ref> She san go on to score insyd de group stage against de United States insyd a match wey end a 2–2 draw, dey effectively knock out de United States insyd de group stages for de first time ever insyd a U20 tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yang |first1=Stephanie |date=13 August 2018 |title=USA 2–2 tie with Spain not enough to advance out of group at U20 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616161746/https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/8/13/17682906/usa-2-2-tie-spain-knocked-out-group-u20-womens-world-cup |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=starsandstripesfc.com |publisher=[[SB Nation]]}}</ref> Insyd de quarter-finals, Spain face Group D runner-ups Nigeria, wey Guijarro score yet anoda match-winner just before halftime. Plus ein match winner, Spain reach de semi-finals of a U-20 World Cup for de first time ever.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Saul |date=16 August 2020 |title=CHRONICLE – Spain makes history with its qualification for the semi-finals of the Women's U20 World Cup (2–1) |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163639/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-hace-historia-su-clasificacion-semifinales-del-mundial-sub-20-femenino-2-1 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[RFEF]]}}</ref> Spain meet de previous tournament ein runner-up, France, insyd de next round.<ref name="elpaisprofile">{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=María|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|title=Patri Guijarro: "Lo mejor es formarse en equipos de chicos"|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 August 2018|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109064720/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/08/17/actualidad/1534508701_600405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She head insyd ein sixth goal of de tournament insyd de semifinal matchup, wich na she dey lead insyd de Golden Boot race. Na ein goal be de only goal of de tie wey Spain advance to dema first U-20 Women's World Cup final plus a 1–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup France 2018 – Matches – France – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124836/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424876/#match-summary |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Spain loose dema captain Aitana Bonmatí thru suspension against France, so Guijarro start plus de captain ein band for de final against Japan. Despite chaw attempts on goal, na dem keep am scoreless insyd de final against Japan as Spain fall 1–3.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan cruise to maiden world title |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031641/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/match/300424869/#match-summary |archive-date=21 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Before de final, England forward Georgia Stanway tie ein six-goal tally insyd de third-place match against France. Dem both end dema tournaments plus six goals wey she share top scorer honours plus Stanway, buh Guijarro earn de Golden Boot by registering an additional three assists. Na dem sanso award am de Golden Ball wey na dem name am to de Team of de Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Japan are crowned the 2018 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup Champions! Meet all the award winners. |url=https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229230046/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/japan-crowned-2018-fifa-u20wwc-champions/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="fifau20individualhonors">{{cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=Guijarro leads individual honours in France |url=https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408060703/https://static.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/y=2018/m=8/news=guijarro-leads-individual-honours-in-france.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=static.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na de tournament be ein final youth international experience as she transition to a full senior international between 2018 den 2019. As of 2019, she remain Spain ein highest scorer plus de U-20 team plus seven goals. === Senior === [[File:Spain_womens_national_team_20181113.jpg|left|thumb|Guijarro (second row, left) dey line up plus Spain national team insyd 2018]] Ein first senior national team cap den start cam insyd a goalless draw against Iceland at de 2017 Algarve Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=18 October 2017 |title=España podría tener dos nuevas debutantes en la 'Era Vilda' |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225728/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/10/18/59e5e6d7e2704e400d8b4599.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Na dis be de final match of de group stages, den dema point den goal difference put dem insyd de first place match against Canada. She sub on for Mapi León late insyd de match to help maintain a 1–0 lead. Dis victory earn Guijarro den Spain dema first ever senior international title. Patri play every match for Spain insyd de 2019 World Cup qualifiers wer she score two goals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Díaz-Agero |first1=Alejandro |date=12 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Tenemos que aprovechar este momento" |url=https://www.abc.es/deportes/futbol/abci-patri-guijarro-tenemos-aprovechar-este-momento-201906080128_noticia.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=abc.es |publisher=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]}}</ref> Ein first senior international goal be a 91st minute match-winner wey cam insyd a qualifying match against Serbia, dey keep dem on top of de qualification group.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=24 November 2017 |title=Un gol de Patri Guijarro en el 90' salva el 'Black Friday' de España en Belgrado |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051719/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/24/5a182c53468aeb12058b45b1.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Ein second international goal cam against Austria four days later insyd a 4–0 win.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 November 2017 |title=Así vivimos la goleada de España a Austria en Son Moix |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220033010/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/11/28/5a1da9d9468aebb1348b4628.html |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref> Spain win all of dema qualifying matches wey na dem be de first European team to qualify for de tournament oda dan de hosts France.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Franco |first1=Marina |date=4 June 2019 |title=Women's World Cup Preview: Meet the Teams |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/sports/womens-world-cup-preview.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> By 2018, Guijarro establish einself as a regular starter plus de Spain national team. At de 2018 Cyprus Cup, she play insyd two of Spain ein group stage matches- two wins against Austria den de Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |date=28 February 2018 |title=España solventa su debut en la Copa Chipre con una trabajada victoria ante Austria |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222005423/https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/02/28/5a96930e468aebfb6e8b4637.html |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=marca.com |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Muñoz |first1=Antonio |date=5 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – España se gana estar entre las mejores (2–0) |url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827163638/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-gana-estar-mejores-2-0 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=sefutbol.com |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Seven points den a +3 goal difference at de end of de group stage mean na Spain for face Italy insyd de final of de tournament. Insyd de 80th minute of de final, Patri connect plus service from a corner to send insyd Spain ein second goal.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=CRÓNICA – ¡España, campeona de la Cyprus Cup! |url=https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228024315/https://www.rfef.es/noticias/cronica-espana-campeona-cyprus-cup |archive-date=28 December 2021 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=rfef.es |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Na Spain ein 2–0 win be Spain ein first Cyprus Cup title den Guijarro ein second title plus Spain ein senior team. Na dem call Patri to Spain ein 2019 World Cup squad days after she be discharged from a long-term injury on ein right foot.<ref name="fifainjury2019">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She sit out de first match against South Africa as a precaution for ein recently healed injury. De midfielder make ein World Cup debut insyd de next match, a group stage clash against European powerhouse Germany, dey sub on insyd de 65th minute for Silvia Meseguer.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Germany – Spain |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607154117/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438243/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> She then start den play all 90 minutes of Spain ein next two matches- a draw insyd de final group stage match against China den Spain ein first ever knockout match of a World Cup against de United States. Spain den Guijarro fall insyd de Round of 16 to de eventual tournament winners despite producing a hard-fought performance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walker |first1=Mollie |date=24 June 2019 |title=USWNT in surprising World Cup battle with Spain |url=https://nypost.com/2019/06/24/uswnt-in-surprising-world-cup-battle-with-spain/ |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=nypost.com |publisher=[[New York Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2019 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ – Matches – Spain – USA |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155656/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/match/300438260/#match-liveblog |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Na dem include Guijarro insyd Spain ein squad for de Euro 2022 dem hold insyd England. She start all four of ein nation ein matches at de competition. Na dem knock Spain out by hosts den eventual winners England insyd de quarter-finals following a 2-1 loss after extra time. Na Patri be one of ''Las 15'', a group of players wey make demaselves unavailable for international selection insyd September 2022 secof dema dissatisfaction plus head coach Jorge Vilda, den among de dozen wey no be involved 11 months later as Spain win de World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last=Burhan |first=Asif |date=12 June 2023 |title=Jorge Vilda Recalls Players Who Resigned Back Into His Spanish World Cup Squad |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221512/https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lillicrap |first=Simon |date=14 August 2023 |title=Spain v Sweden: Las 15+3, An International Team In Chaos And Lonely Jorge Vilda |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821221515/https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=The Sportsman}}</ref> On 10 June 2025, na dem call Guijarro up to de Spain squad for de Euro 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=OFFICIAL: Montse Tomé announces her squad for the European Championships in Switzerland |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613113504/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/official-montse-tome-announces-her-squad-for-the-european-championships-in-switzerland |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]]}}</ref> Insyd de final group stage match, she score insyd a 3-1 win over Italy. A key player at de base of de Spanish midfield, Patri start all six of dema games wey she produce controlling midfield performances as La Roja reach de final. On 27 July, she start insyd de Euro 2025 final wey na she be ee only Spanish player to score insyd de penalty shootout as Spain loose to England 3–1 on penalties after a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=England only had one key trait over Spain – but it led them to Euro 2025 glory |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/england-spain-euro-2025-final-chloe-kelly-hannah-hampton-b2796950.html |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=England 1-1 Spain: Lionesses retain title with dramatic penalty victory as Chloe Kelly score winning kick |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c78n2p6yz3lt |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> As of December 2025, Patri be Spain ein eighth most-capped player of all-time plus over 70 international appearances. == Style of play == Guijarro be described by FIFA insyd 2018 as a box-to-box midfielder wey be able to be a creative presence at every stage of an attacking play;<ref name="fifainjury20192">{{cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Guijarro times her return to perfection |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/guijarro-times-her-return-to-perfection# |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref name="fifaprofile2018">{{cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, Spain's leader eyeing France 2018 glory |url=https://www.fifa.com/news/patri-guijarro-spain-leader-eyeing-france-2018-glory-2944314 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225729/https://www.fifa.com/news/patri-guijarro-spain-leader-eyeing-france-2018-glory-2944314 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Guijarro dey consider einself an offensive player, saying she be deployed insyd both defensive den forward midfield roles for Spain den [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]. She feel she be used more defensively at Barcelona dan plus Spain.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Santiago |first1=Lucía |date=6 June 2019 |title=Patri Guijarro: "Quiero estar a tope y hacerlo como sé" |url=https://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2019/06/06/patri-guijarro-quiero-tope-hacerlo/1423423.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225730/https://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2019/06/06/patri-guijarro-quiero-tope-hacerlo/1423423.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=diariodemallorca.es |publisher=[[Diario de Mallorca]]}}</ref> Insyd 2018, club den country teammate Aitana Bonmatí sanso feel say Guijarro help de team "by making runs into de box".<ref>{{cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=The advantages of being on Patri's side |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/the-advantages-of-being-on-patris-side |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225730/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/the-advantages-of-being-on-patris-side |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> By 2023, Guijarro be considered a deep-lying playmaker at Barcelona.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Abdullah |first=Abdullah |date=13 January 2023 |title=Patri, Walsh, or Engen – Why the Spaniard should be Barcelona's starting No. 6 |url=https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225005603/https://pressingmatters.substack.com/p/patri-walsh-or-engen-why-the-spaniard |archive-date=25 February 2024 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=Pressing Matters}}</ref> She be a physical presence on de pitch, wey she get spatial awareness to anticipate defensive den attacking situations. Barcelona ein midfield dey operate plus passing play, wey Guijarro ein passing range be typically short, tight, passes dat keep de ball moving den allow am to facilitate link-up play.<ref name=":0" /> Insyd de deeper areas of de pitch, Guijarro dey play horizontal passes, different to ein deep-lying Barcelona midfield teammates Keira Walsh den Ingrid Syrstad Engen, keeping momentum insyd possession plus ein teammates den dey accelerate forward off de ball. Using ein speed den physicality to break past markers, Guijarro be able to finish moves she start den contribute insyd attack. Higher up de pitch she dey advance de ball wey she sanso fi provide crosses into de box.<ref name=":0" /> If she dey stay back instead, ein defensive awareness dey allow oda midfielders to press insyd advanced areas; ein midfield defensive work be characterised by ball-winning duels.<ref name=":0" /> == Personal life == Patri ein idol be former Spain teammate den fellow [[Balearic Islands]] native [[Virginia Torrecilla]].<ref name=":1" /> She sanso cite [[Andrés Iniesta]] as an idol.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 December 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, amb el futbol a la sang i el gol a les venes |url=https://www.elnacional.cat/ca/esport-local/patri-guijarro-gol-barca-madrid_333612_102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108062037/https://www.elnacional.cat/ca/esport-local/patri-guijarro-gol-barca-madrid_333612_102.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=elnacional.cat |publisher=El Nacional Catalunya}}</ref> Na she be de first girl at [[La Masia]] to complete de [[Spanish Baccalaureate|Baccalaureate]] den, as of 2018, na she dey study [[Physical therapy|physiotherapy]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name="fifaprofile2018" /><ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Patri Guijarro, la líder de la Rojita a la conquista de Francia |url=https://es.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/patri-guijarro-la-lider-de-la-rojita-a-la-conquista-de-francia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225731/https://es.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/patri-guijarro-la-lider-de-la-rojita-a-la-conquista-de-francia |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=es.fifa.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patri |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> == Career statistics == [[File:Brann - Barça Femení CG3A7206.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Guijarro plus Barcelona insyd March 2024]] === Club === {{Updated|match played 15 October 2025}} <ref>{{Soccerway|patricia-guijarro/290157|access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 Patri Guijarro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171833/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 |date=18 January 2023 }} at BDFutbol</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Appearances den goals by club, season den competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Oda ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[UD Collerense (women)|Collerense]] |[[2013–14 Primera División (women)|2013–14]] |rowspan="2"|[[Liga F|Primera División]] |22||3||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||22||3 |- |[[2014–15 Primera División (women)|2014–15]] |29||4||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||29||4 |- !colspan="2"|Total !51!!7!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–!!51!!7 |- | rowspan="12" |[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] |[[2015–16 FC Barcelona Femení season|2015–16]] | rowspan="11" |Primera División |23||6||3||1||5||0||colspan="2"|–||31||7 |- |[[2016–17 FC Barcelona Femení season|2016–17]] |20||2||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|–||27||2 |- |[[2017–18 FC Barcelona Femení season|2017–18]] |25||9||4||0||6||1||colspan="2"|–||35||10 |- |[[2018–19 FC Barcelona Femení season|2018–19]] |14||4||1||0||3||2||colspan="2"|–||18||6 |- |[[2019–20 FC Barcelona Femení season|2019–20]] |18||2||4||1||5||1||2||1||29||5 |- |[[2020–21 FC Barcelona Femení season|2020–21]] |29||8||3||1||7||0||1||0||40||9 |- |[[2021–22 FC Barcelona Femení season|2021–22]] |25||4||3||0||8||0||2||0||38||4 |- |[[2022–23 FC Barcelona Femení season|2022–23]] |28||3||0||0||10||4||2||0||40||7 |- |[[2023–24 FC Barcelona Femení season|2023–24]] |23||5||5||1||10||4||2||0||40||10 |- |[[2024–25 FC Barcelona Femení season|2024–25]] |25 |7 |4 |1 |11 |0 |2 |1 |42 |9 |- |[[2025–26 FC Barcelona Femení season|2025–26]] |6 |2 | | |2 |0 | | |8 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !236!!52!!29!!5!!72!!12!!11!!2!!348!!71 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !287!!59!!29!!5!!72!!12!!11!!2!!399!! |} ===International=== {{updated|match played 20 July 2022}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/aitana-bonmati/317284/ | title=Spain -Aitana Bonmati – Profile with news, career statistics and history – Soccerway | access-date=9 March 2024 | archive-date=5 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805101209/https://int.soccerway.com/players/aitana-bonmati/317284/ | url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances den goals by national team den year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="8"|[[Spain women's national football team|Spain]] |2017||5||2 |- |2018||13||1 |- |2019||9||1 |- |2020||6||3 |- |2021||9||3 |- |2022||11||1 |- |2024||12||0 |- |2025||1||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!65!!12 |} :''Scores den results list Spain ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Guijarro goal.'' {| class="wikitable collapsible" |- !colspan="7"|Patricia Guijarro – goals give {{fbw|SPA}} |- ! # !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition |- |align="center"| 1. || 24 November 2017 || [[Voždovac Stadium]], [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]] || {{fbw|SER}} ||align=center| 2–1 ||align=center| 2–1 || rowspan=2|[[2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"| 2. || 28 November 2017 || [[Visit Mallorca Stadium|Estadi de Son Moix]], [[Palma de Mallorca]], [[Spain]] || {{fbw|AUT}} ||align=center| 2–0 ||align=center| 4–0 |- |align="center"| 3. || 7 March 2018 || [[AEK Arena – Georgios Karapatakis|AEK Arena]], [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]] || {{fbw|ITA}} ||align=center| 2–0 ||align=center| 2–0 || [[2018 Cyprus Women's Cup]] |- |align="center"| 4. || 4 October 2019 || [[Estadio Riazor]], [[A Coruña]], Spain || {{fbw|AZE}} ||align=center| 1–0 ||align=center| 4–0 || rowspan="4" |[[UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying]] |- |align="center"| 5. || 19 September 2020 || [[Zimbru Stadium]], [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]] || {{fbw|MDA}} || align=center|8–0 || align=center| 9–0 |- |align="center"| 6. || 23 October 2020 || [[Estadio de La Cartuja]], [[Seville]], Spain || {{fbw|CZE}} ||align=center| 2–0 ||align=center| 4–0 |- |align="center"| 7. || 27 November 2020 || [[La Ciudad del Fútbol]], [[Las Rozas de Madrid]], Spain || {{fbw|MDA}} ||align="center"| 8–0 ||align="center"| 10–0 |- |align="center"| 8. || 9 April 2021 || [[Estadio Municipal de Marbella]], [[Marbella]], Spain || {{fbw|NED}} ||align="center"| 1–0 ||align="center"| 1–0 ||rowspan=2| [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |align="center"| 9. || 15 June 2021 || [[Estadio Municipal de Santo Domingo]], [[Alcorcón]], Spain || {{fbw|DEN}} ||align="center"| 2–0 ||align="center"| 3–0 |- |align="center"| 10. || 16 September 2021 || [[Tórsvøllur]], [[Tórshavn]], Faroe Islands || {{fbw|FRO}} ||align=center| 8–0 ||align=center| 10–0 || rowspan=2|[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"| 11. || 2 September 2022 || La Ciudad del Fútbol, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain || {{fbw|HUN}} ||align=center| 3–0 ||align=center| 3–0 |- |align="center"| 12. || 4 April 2025 || [[Estádio Capital do Móvel]], [[Paços de Ferreira]], [[Portugal]] || {{fbw|POR}} || align=center| 1–0 || align=center| 4–2 || [[2025 UEFA Women's Nations League A|2025 UEFA Women's Nations League]] |- | align="center"| 13. || 11 July 2025 || [[Stadion Wankdorf]], [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]] || {{fbw|ITA}} || align=center| 2–1 || align=center| 3–1 || [[UEFA Women's Euro 2025 Group B|UEFA Women's Euro 2025]] |- | align="center"| 14. || 5 June 2026 || [[Estadi Mallorca Son Moix]], [[Palma de Mallorca]], Spain || {{fbw|ENG}} || align=center| 1–0 || align=center| 4–0 || [[2027 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA League A|2027 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |} ==Honours== '''FC Barcelona''' *[[Primera División (women)|Primera División]]: [[2019–20 Primera División (women)|2019–20]], [[2020–21 Primera División (women)|2020–21]], [[2021–22 Primera División (women)|2021–22]], [[2022–23 Primera División (women)|2022–23]], [[2023–24 Liga F|2023–24]], [[2024–25 Liga F|2024–25]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2025 |title=10th Liga F title for Barça Women |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/4262849/10th-liga-f-title-for-barca-women |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616004857/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/4262849/10th-liga-f-title-for-barca-women |archive-date=16 June 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=FC Barcelona |language=}}</ref> [[2025–26 Liga F|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marsden |first1=Sam |title=Barcelona win 7th straight Liga F title to further quadruple quest |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48550618/barcelona-liga-f-champions-title-women-treble |website=espn.com |access-date=22 April 2026 |language=en |date=22 April 2026}}</ref> *[[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]]: [[2017 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2017]], [[2018 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2018]], [[2019–20 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2019–20]], [[2020–21 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2020–21]], [[2021–22 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2021–22]], [[2023–24 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2023–24]], [[2024–25 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2024–25]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2025 |title=Barça 2-0 Atlético Madrid: Pina wins the crown for the queens of the cup |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4280451/barca-2-0-atletico-madrid-pina-wins-the-crown-for-the-queens-of-the-cup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607222058/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4280451/barca-2-0-atletico-madrid-pina-wins-the-crown-for-the-queens-of-the-cup |archive-date=7 June 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=FC Barcelona |language=}}</ref> [[2025–26 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marsden |first1=Sam |title=Barcelona win Copa de la Reina, stay on track for quadruple |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/48794094/barcelona-win-copa-de-la-reina-stay-track-quadruple |website=espn.co.uk |access-date=17 May 2026 |language=en |date=17 May 2026}}</ref> *[[Supercopa de España Femenina]]: [[2019–20 Supercopa de España Femenina|2019–20]], [[2021–22 Supercopa de España Femenina|2021–22]], [[2022–23 Supercopa de España Femenina|2022–23]], [[2023–24 Supercopa de España Femenina|2023–24]], [[2024–25 Supercopa de España Femenina|2024–25]], [[2025–26 Supercopa de España Femenina|2025–26]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Sixth Super Cup for FC Barcelona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/4438624/sixth-super-cup-for-fc-barcelona |publisher=FC Barcelona Femení |access-date=22 April 2026 |language=en |date=24 January 2026}}</ref> *[[Copa Catalunya (women's football)|Copa Catalunya]]: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 *[[UEFA Women's Champions League]]: [[2020–21 UEFA Women's Champions League|2020–21]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0269-124ae310baea-93bc49bd8837-1000--chelsea-0-4-barcelona-barca-surge-to-first-women-s-champio/ |title=Chelsea 0–4 Barcelona: Barça surge to first Women's Champions League title |website=[[UEFA]] |date=16 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516215401/https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2030666--chelsea-vs-barcelona/postmatch/report/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2022–23 UEFA Women's Champions League|2022–23]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wrack |first=Suzanne |date=3 June 2023 |title=Rolfö caps Barcelona comeback against Wolfsburg to win thrilling WCL final |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jun/03/barcelona-wolfsburg-womens-champions-league-final |access-date=7 June 2023 |issn=0029-7712 |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113005320/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jun/03/barcelona-wolfsburg-womens-champions-league-final |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2023–24 UEFA Women's Champions League|2023–24]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2024 |title=Barcelona retains Women's Champions League title, completing historic quadruple |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/25/sport/barcelona-lyon-womens-champions-league-2024-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=25 May 2024 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719203631/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/25/sport/barcelona-lyon-womens-champions-league-2024-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League|2025–26]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajan|first=Adwaidh|date=23 May 2026|title=Barcelona 4–0 Lyonnes|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c2d2z06pypyt|access-date=24 May 2026|website=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Spain U17''' *[[UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship]]: [[2015 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship|2015]] '''Spain U19''' *[[UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship]]: [[2017 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship|2017]]; runner-up: [[2016 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship|2016]] '''Spain U20''' *[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]] runner-up: [[2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2018]] '''Spain''' * [[UEFA Women's Championship]] runner-up: [[UEFA Women's Euro 2025|2025]]<ref>{{cite web |title=England 1-1 Spain |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/match/2044383--england-vs-spain |website=uefa.com |access-date=28 July 2025 |language=en |date=27 July 2025}}</ref> * [[Algarve Cup]]: [[2017 Algarve Cup|2017]] * [[Cyprus Cup]]: [[2018 Cyprus Cup|2018]] '''Individual''' *[[UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship]] Team of the Tournament: [[2015 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship#Team of the tournament|2015]] *[[UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship]] Team of the Tournament: [[2016 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship#Team of the Tournament|2016]], [[2017 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship#Team of the Tournament|2017]] *[[UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship]] Golden Ball: [[2017 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship|2017]] *[[UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship]] Golden Boot: [[2017 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship|2017]] *[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]] Golden Ball: [[2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup#Awards|2018]] *[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]] Golden Boot: [[2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup#Awards|2018]] *[[UEFA Women's Championship]] Team of the Tournament: [[UEFA Women's Euro 2025|2025]]<ref>{{cite web |title=England and Spain dominate UEFA Women's EURO 2025 Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/news/029b-1e58468918c0-bc98c43b7716-1000--england-and-spain-dominate-uefa-women-s-euro-2025-team-of |website=uefa.com |access-date=28 July 2025 |language=en |date=28 July 2025}}</ref> *[[UEFA Women's Champions League]] Squad of the Season: [[2020–21 UEFA Women's Champions League#Squad of the season|2020–21]], [[2022–23 UEFA Women's Champions League|2022–23]], [[2023-24 UEFA Women's Champions League|2023–24]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2024 |title=2023/24 Women's Champions League Team of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/028d-1afcf841e157-7aed3be7fae0-1000--2023-24-women-s-champions-league-team-of-the-season/ |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=[[UEFA|UEFA.com]] |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529061215/https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/028d-1afcf841e157-7aed3be7fae0-1000--2023-24-women-s-champions-league-team-of-the-season/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2024–25 UEFA Women's Champions League|2024–25]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2025 |title=2024/25 Women's Champions League Team of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/0299-1dd7c00a2b3c-f4bbfe6e4be5-1000--2024-25-women-s-champions-league-team-of-the-season/|access-date=25 May 2025 |website=[[UEFA|UEFA.com]]}}</ref> [[2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League|2025–26]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2026 |title=2025/26 Women's Champions League Team of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/02a5-20b3ad844be4-9f004231e98e-1000--2025-26-women-s-champions-league-team-of-the-season/ |access-date=27 May 2026 |website=UEFA}}</ref> *[[UEFA Women's Champions League]] Final MVP: [[2023 UEFA Women's Champions League final|2023]] *[[List of Liga F Players of the Month|Liga F Player of the Month]]: [[2024–25_Liga_F#Monthly_awards|November 2024]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ligaf.es/noticia/patri-guijarro-mejor-jugadora-del-mes-de-noviembre|publisher=Liga F|date=2 December 2024|title=Patri Guijarro, Mejor jugadora del mes de noviembre|trans-title=Patri Guijarro, Best Player of the Month of November|access-date=14 April 2025|lang=ES}}</ref> * [[The Best FIFA Football Awards#FIFA FIFPRO Women's World 11|The Best FIFA Women's 11]]: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2024#FIFA Women's World 11|2024]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Barça stars dominate The Best FIFA Women's 11|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/womens-11-revealed-2024|website=fifa.com|date=17 December 2024|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref> [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2025#FIFA Women's World 11|2025]]<ref>{{cite web |date=16 December 2025 |title=England and Spain stars dominate The Best Women's 11 |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2025/articles/womens-11-2025-revealed |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association}}</ref> ===Awards den recognition=== Insyd 2018, Guijarro make ''[[The Guardian]]'' ein yearly list of de 100 best women's footballers, wey she cam insyd at number 68. Dem describe am as one of de best midfielders insyd de world.<ref name=theguardian2018>{{cite web |last1=Menayo |first1=David |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/12/07/5c0a5553ca474146178b45e1.html |title=The Guardian elige a cuatro españolas entre las 100 mejores futbolistas del planeta |website=marca.com |publisher=[[MARCA]] |date=7 December 2018 |access-date=22 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Laverty |first1=Rich |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2018/dec/04/the-100-best-female-footballers-in-the-world-2018 |title=The 100 best female footballers in the world 2018 |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=7 December 2018 |access-date=22 February 2020 |archive-date=7 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207102640/https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2018/dec/04/the-100-best-female-footballers-in-the-world-2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == {{sister project links||d=Q27916814|c=Category:Patricia Guijarro|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/711848/patri Patricia Guijarro] at [[FC Barcelona (women)|FC Barcelona]] * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=1003 Patricia Guijarro] at BDFutbol {{DEFAULTSORT:Guijarro, Patri}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Spanish women's footballers]] [[Category:Liga F players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona Femení players]] [[Category:Footballers wey komot Palma de Mallorca]] [[Category:Women's association football midfielders]] [[Category:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players]] [[Category:Spain women's international footballers]] [[Category:UD Collerense (women) players]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2022 players]] [[Category:Spain women's youth international footballers]] [[Category:Footballers at de 2024 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic footballers for Spain]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Champions League–winning players]] [[Category:21st-century Spanish sportswomen]] [[Category:UEFA Women's Euro 2025 players]] 2rcwk943m5b9b4917rrzk4t9jup419i Category:UD Collerense (women) players 14 29246 109160 2026-08-05T21:53:45Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 109160 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Footballers wey komot Palma de Mallorca 14 29247 109161 2026-08-05T21:53:59Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh category 109161 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Kathellen 0 29248 109162 2026-08-05T23:07:26Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366226186|Kathellen]]" 109162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{updated|match played 2 August 2023}}'''Kathellen Sousa Feitoza''' (born 26 April 1996), dem commonly know am as '''Kathellen''', be a Brazilian professional footballer wey dey play as a centre back give den dey captain Saudi Women's Premier League club Al Hilal den de Brazil national team. She be a product of de American college soccer system. == Club career == As a young girl Kathellen love football buh she mainly play futsal. She find opportunities for field soccer limited insyd ein native Baixada Santista, especially after dem close Santos FC's women's section insyd 2012. Kathellen apply for an athletic scholarship to de United States wey na she be selected by Monroe College of the National Junior College Athletic Association. After two successful years plus Monroe College she spend ein two remaining years of college eligibility plus Louisville Cardinals den UCF Knights, respectively, insyd NCAA Division I. She subsequently receive an offer from FC Girondins de Bordeaux wey she join de French Division 1 Féminine club halfway thru dema 2017–18 season. Insyd May 2018 she sign a two-year extension to ein contract. After a successful 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup plus Brazil, den an elite level performance against France, na dem link Kathellen to chaw major European clubs, wey dey include newly promoted CD Tacón, due to cam be Real Madrid for season 2020–21.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kathellen Sousa becomes Real Madrids fourth signing &#124; Real Madrid CF |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2022/08/04/kathellen-sousa-becomes-real-madrids-fourth-signing |website=Real Madrid C.F. - Web Oficial}}</ref> Instead she remain plus Bordeaux for a further season, then she join Italian Serie A club Inter Milan insyd August 2020. Insyd 2024, she lef Real Madrid wey she join Al-Nassr on a two-year contract,<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2024 |title=النصر السعودي يتعاقد مع مدافعة ريال مدريد |url=https://www.kooora.com/كرة-قدم/أخبار/النصر-السعودي-يتعاقد-مع-مدافعة-ريال-مدريد/1346222 |publisher=Kooora |language=ar}}</ref> plus ein official debut coming on 25 of August insyd a 3–0 victory over Myawady insyd de AFC Women's Champions League, wich she help ein team keep a clean sheet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2024 |title=Preliminary Stage - Group A: Myawady Women Football Club (MYA) 0-3 Al Nassr Club (KSA) |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_womens_champions_league/news/preliminary_stage_-_group_a_myawady_women_football_club_mya_0-3_al_nassr_club_ksa.html |publisher=The AFC}}</ref> On 21 July 2026, she sign a two-year contract plus Al Hilal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2026 |title=Kathellen Sousa Signs for Al-Hilal on a Two-Year Deal |url=https://alhilal.com/en/news/kathellen-sousa-signs-for-al-hilal-on-a-two-year-deal |publisher=Al Hilal SFC}}</ref> == International career == Brazil women's national football team head coach Vadão call Kathellen up for de first time insyd June 2018, for a training camp ahead of de 2018 Tournament of Nations. As de tournament fall outsyd de FIFA International Match Calendar, na sam regular national team players no be released by dema clubs, wey cause Vadão to consider oda players. On 26 July 2018, she earn ein first cap give de senior Brazil women's national team at de 2018 Tournament of Nations, wey she appear as a substitute for Daiane Limeira insyd a 3–1 defeat by Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leme de Arruda |first=Marcelo |date=10 November 2018 |title=Seleção Brasileira Feminina (Brazilian National Women's Team) 2018 |url=https://www.rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil2018w.htm |access-date=22 April 2019 |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A year later, na Kathellen subsequently be called up by Brazil for de 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. She start de preparation camp as de main backup for de experienced pair of centre backs Mônica den Érika. After Érika be forced out of de competition by injury, na dem make Kathellen a regular starter. Despite she be de youngest Brazilian player insyd de lineup for de Round of 16 game thriller against France, Kathellen delivered a major performance. == Personal life == Insyd February 2026, Kathellen announce ein conversion to [[Islam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=الناصر |first=محمد عبد |date=2026-02-16 |title=بعدما أعلنت إسلامها.. من هي كاثلين سوزا لاعبة النصر؟ |url=https://almashhad.com/article/218257510540304-sports/625777420479708-بعدما-أعلنت-إسلامها-من-هي-كاثلين-سوزا-لاعبة-النصر/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=قناة ومنصة المشهد |language=ar}}</ref> Few days after announcing say she embrace Islam, Kathellen travel go [[Mecca]] to perform [[Umrah]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2026 |title=Meet Kathellen Souza: Al-Nassr Women's Captain Who Embraced Islam |url=https://ummid.com/news/2026/2/28/meet-kathellen-souza-al-nassr-womens-captain-who-embraced-islam.html |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=ummid.com}}</ref> == Career statistics == === International === {{updated|match played 2 August 2023}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances den goals by national team den year !National team !Year !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="6" |Brazil |2018 |3 |0 |- |2019 |10 |0 |- |2020 |0 |0 |- |2021 |1 |0 |- |2022 |11 |1 |- |2023 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !30 !1 |} : ''Scores den results list Brazil ein goal tally first, score column dey indicate score after each Kathellen goal.'' {| class="wikitable" |+List of international goals wey Kathellen score ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition |- | align="center" |1 |5 September 2022 |Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban, [[South Africa]] | South Africa | align="center" |6–0 | align="center" |6–0 |Friendly |- |} == References == [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jco0l25a4tiu7b4mr7smlrhwfhcbu24 Linda Nosková 0 29249 109163 2026-08-05T23:14:44Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366499584|Linda Nosková]]" 109163 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Nosková''' (born 17 November 2004) be a Czech professional tennis player. She get a career-high singles ranking of world No. 7 by de WTA, den a best doubles ranking of No. 53, she achieve both on 13 July 2026. Nosková ein best result be winning de 2026 Wimbledon Championships. As a junior, Nosková peak at world No. 5 insyd de junior rankings insyd June 2021, she achieve by winning de singles event at de 2021 French Open. Insyd August 2022, she cam be de youngest player to be ranked insyd de world ein top 100, den insyd February 2023, de youngest insyd de top 50. She make ein breakthru insyd 2024 by upsetting world No. 1, Iga Świątek, en route to de Australian Open quarterfinals. == Early life == Nosková grow up insyd de village of Bystřička insyd de Vsetín region, de daughter of Ivana Nosková (wey die insyd 2024) den Drahoš Nosek.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwager-Patel |first=Nischal |date=11 July 2026 |title=Linda Nosková honours late mother's memory in 2026 Wimbledon triumph |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/wimbledon-2026-linda-noskova-mother-memory-womens-singles-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712021315/https://www.olympics.com/en/news/wimbledon-2026-linda-noskova-mother-memory-womens-singles-final |archive-date=12 July 2026 |access-date=16 July 2026 |website=www.olympics.com |language=en}}</ref> Ein first contact plus tennis be at de age of seven, wen she start dey train insyd Valašské Meziříčí. Three years later, she cam be a player give TK Na Dolina insyd Trojanovice near Frenštát pod Radhoštěm. Insyd 2018, she move go Přerov secof tennis. == Career == === Juniors === Nosková win de 2021 French Open girls' singles title.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearson |first=Ed |date=12 June 2021 |title=Noskova's 'Special moment' as she claims maiden Grand Slam title |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/noskova-s-special-moment-as-she-claims-maiden-grand-slam-title/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=[[International Tennis Federation|itftennis.com]]}}</ref> On 14 June 2021, she reach world No. 5 insyd de combined ITF junior rankings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Nosková [CZE] &#124; junior career overview |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/linda-noskova/800498458/cze/jt/s/overview/ |website=ITF Tennis}}</ref> '''Junior Grand Slam Singles''': * Australian Open: 2R (2020) * French Open: '''W''' (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Noskova triumphs in French Open junior singles final |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2170499/noskova-triumphs-in-french-open-junior-singles-final |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> '''Junior Grand Slam Doubles''': * Australian Open: QF (2020) * French Open: SF (2021) === 2019–21: Professional debut, ITF Circuit titles === == Personal life == Insyd November 2025, Nosková visit Zanzibar wey she spend a week volunteering at a school.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |date=9 May 2026 |title=Scene and heard in Rome: Noskova gives back, Mertens misses her dogs |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4501210/scene-and-heard-in-rome-noskova-gives-back-mertens-misses-her-dogs |access-date=16 July 2026 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> == Career statistics == === Grand Slam singles performance timeline === ''Current thru de 2026 Wimbledon Championships.'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tournament !2022 !2023 !2024 !2025 !2026 !SR !W–L !Win % |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |Australian Open |A | bgcolor="f0f8ff" |Q1 | style="background:#ffebcd" |QF | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |3R |0 / 3 |6–3 |67% |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |French Open | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |2R | bgcolor="afeeee" |2R | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R |0 / 5 |2–5 |29% |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |Wimbledon |A | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |2R | bgcolor="afeeee" |4R | bgcolor="lime" |'''W''' |1 / 4 |11–3 |79% |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |US Open | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |2R | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |3R | |0 / 4 |3–4 |43% |- style="background:#eaecf0;font-weight:bold" | style="text-align:left" |Win–loss |0–2 |2–3 |6–4 |5–4 |9–2 |1 / 16 |22–15 |59% |} === Grand Slam tournament finals === ==== Singles: 1 (title) ==== {| class="wikitable" !Result !Year !Tournament !Surface !Opponent !Score |- | style="background:#98fb98" |Win |2026 | style="background:#ccffcc" |Wimbledon |Grass | [[Karolína Muchová]] |6–2, 5–7, 6–3 |} === Olympic medal matches === ==== Doubles: 1 (4th place) ==== {| class="wikitable" !Result !Year !Tournament !Surface !Partner !Opponents !Score |- | bgcolor="yellow" |4th place |2024 | style="background:#ffea5c;" |Paris Olympics, France |Clay | [[Karolína Muchová]] | [[Cristina Bucșa]]<br /><br /> [[Sara Sorribes Tormo]] |2–6, 2–6 |} === WTA 1000 finals === ==== Singles: 1 (runner-up) ==== {| class="wikitable" !Result !Year !Tournament !Surface !Opponent !Score |- | bgcolor="ffa07a" |Loss |2025 | style="background:#e9e9e9;" |China Open |Hard | [[Amanda Anisimova]] |0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |} == References == 38bggwmu1k1zjgax629goyyixwbid9b 109176 109163 2026-08-06T11:01:20Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366499584|Linda Nosková]]" 109176 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Nosková''' (born 17 November 2004) be a Czech professional tennis player. She get a career-high singles ranking of world No. 7 by de WTA, den a best doubles ranking of No. 53, she achieve both on 13 July 2026. Nosková ein best result be winning de 2026 Wimbledon Championships. As a junior, Nosková peak at world No. 5 insyd de junior rankings insyd June 2021, she achieve by winning de singles event at de 2021 French Open. Insyd August 2022, she cam be de youngest player to be ranked insyd de world ein top 100, den insyd February 2023, de youngest insyd de top 50. She make ein breakthru insyd 2024 by upsetting world No. 1, Iga Świątek, en route to de Australian Open quarterfinals. == Early life == Nosková grow up insyd de village of Bystřička insyd de Vsetín region, de daughter of Ivana Nosková (wey die insyd 2024) den Drahoš Nosek.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwager-Patel |first=Nischal |date=11 July 2026 |title=Linda Nosková honours late mother's memory in 2026 Wimbledon triumph |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/wimbledon-2026-linda-noskova-mother-memory-womens-singles-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712021315/https://www.olympics.com/en/news/wimbledon-2026-linda-noskova-mother-memory-womens-singles-final |archive-date=12 July 2026 |access-date=16 July 2026 |website=www.olympics.com |language=en}}</ref> Ein first contact plus tennis be at de age of seven, wen she start dey train insyd Valašské Meziříčí. Three years later, she cam be a player give TK Na Dolina insyd Trojanovice near Frenštát pod Radhoštěm. Insyd 2018, she move go Přerov secof tennis. == Career == === Juniors === Nosková win de 2021 French Open girls' singles title.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearson |first=Ed |date=12 June 2021 |title=Noskova's 'Special moment' as she claims maiden Grand Slam title |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/noskova-s-special-moment-as-she-claims-maiden-grand-slam-title/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=[[International Tennis Federation|itftennis.com]]}}</ref> On 14 June 2021, she reach world No. 5 insyd de combined ITF junior rankings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Nosková [CZE] &#124; junior career overview |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/linda-noskova/800498458/cze/jt/s/overview/ |website=ITF Tennis}}</ref> '''Junior Grand Slam Singles''': * Australian Open: 2R (2020) * French Open: '''W''' (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Noskova triumphs in French Open junior singles final |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2170499/noskova-triumphs-in-french-open-junior-singles-final |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> '''Junior Grand Slam Doubles''': * Australian Open: QF (2020) * French Open: SF (2021) === 2019–21: Professional debut, ITF Circuit titles === == Personal life == Insyd November 2025, Nosková visit Zanzibar wey she spend a week volunteering at a school.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |date=9 May 2026 |title=Scene and heard in Rome: Noskova gives back, Mertens misses her dogs |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4501210/scene-and-heard-in-rome-noskova-gives-back-mertens-misses-her-dogs |access-date=16 July 2026 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> == Career statistics == === Grand Slam singles performance timeline === ''Current thru de 2026 Wimbledon Championships.'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tournament !2022 !2023 !2024 !2025 !2026 !SR !W–L !Win % |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |Australian Open |A | bgcolor="f0f8ff" |Q1 | style="background:#ffebcd" |QF | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |3R |0 / 3 |6–3 |67% |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |French Open | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |2R | bgcolor="afeeee" |2R | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R |0 / 5 |2–5 |29% |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |Wimbledon |A | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |2R | bgcolor="afeeee" |4R | bgcolor="lime" |'''W''' |1 / 4 |11–3 |79% |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |US Open | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |2R | bgcolor="afeeee" |1R | bgcolor="afeeee" |3R | |0 / 4 |3–4 |43% |- style="background:#eaecf0;font-weight:bold" | style="text-align:left" |Win–loss |0–2 |2–3 |6–4 |5–4 |9–2 |1 / 16 |22–15 |59% |} === Grand Slam tournament finals === ==== Singles: 1 (title) ==== {| class="wikitable" !Result !Year !Tournament !Surface !Opponent !Score |- | style="background:#98fb98" |Win |2026 | style="background:#ccffcc" |Wimbledon |Grass | [[Karolína Muchová]] |6–2, 5–7, 6–3 |} === Olympic medal matches === ==== Doubles: 1 (4th place) ==== {| class="wikitable" !Result !Year !Tournament !Surface !Partner !Opponents !Score |- | bgcolor="yellow" |4th place |2024 | style="background:#ffea5c;" |Paris Olympics, France |Clay | [[Karolína Muchová]] | [[Cristina Bucșa]]<br /><br /> [[Sara Sorribes Tormo]] |2–6, 2–6 |} === WTA 1000 finals === ==== Singles: 1 (runner-up) ==== {| class="wikitable" !Result !Year !Tournament !Surface !Opponent !Score |- | bgcolor="ffa07a" |Loss |2025 | style="background:#e9e9e9;" |China Open |Hard | [[Amanda Anisimova]] |0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |} == References == == Career == Nosková make ein ITF Circuit debut insyd July 2019 at a 25k Torino tournament insyd qualifying. Despite failing to reach de main-draw, she get to de quarterfinal insyd de doubles event. Insyd October of de same year, she make ein singles main-draw debut at se 15k Lousada tournament wey she sanso win ein first match as a senior. De following week, insyd de same city, she reach ein first semifinal. A month later, she reach anoda semifinal, dis time at de 15k Milovice event insyd ein home country. Ein new season start insyd August 2020 plus de qualifying draw of de Prague Open, buh she loose to Laura Ioana Paar. Three weeks later, she make ein debut at de WTA Challenger Tour, dey play at de Sparta Prague Open. Getting der after receiving a wildcard, she loose to Mayar Sherif insyd de first round. She fini ein season plus de 25k Přerov event wer she loose to Barbora Krejčíková insyd de first round. Na e only be ein third tournament of de year as well as ein only tournament insyd doubles. Insyd doubles, she sanso loose insyd de first round. Nosková start de 2021 season insyd de middle of February at a 15k Sharm El Sheikh event wer she reach ein first ITF final. After losing to Shalimar Talbi insyd de final, she reach anoda semifinal der de following week. Insyd March 2021, she win ein first senior ITF title at a 15k event insyd Bratislava, defeating fellow Czech Tereza Smitková insyd de final.<ref>{{cite web |last=Beattie |first=Michael |date=22 March 2021 |title=Noskova follows Fruhvirtova's lead with maiden title |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/noskova-follows-fruhvirtova-s-lead-with-maiden-title/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=ITF Tennis}}</ref> Right after dat, she win anoda 15k event insyd Bratislava (back-to-back titles),<ref>{{cite news|last=Němeček|first=Ivan|date=31 March 2021|title=Nová hvězda českého tenisu? Nosková ovládla dva turnaje za sebou|trans-title=The new star of Czech tennis? Nosková won two tournaments in a row|url=https://www.denik.cz/tenis/hvezdicka-noskove-zari-dal-v-bratislave-ovladla-dalsi-turnaj-20210330.html|access-date=14 October 2022|website=denik.cz|language=cs}}</ref> dis time defeating Iva Primorac insyd de final. Insyd June 2021, she advance to de semifinals of de Macha Lake Open insyd Staré Splavy insyd both events, losing to Zheng Qinwen insyd singles. Na e be ein first semifinal of a 60k event, buh insyd August, she win ein first 60k title at de Zubr Cup insyd Přerov. Insyd de final, she defeat Alexandra Cadanțu-Ignatik.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 August 2021 |title=Denní menu, 29.8.2021: Nosková získala titul v Přerově. V Praze a Říčanech startují další turnaje |trans-title=Daily menu, 29/8/2021: Nosková won the title in Přerov. Other tournaments start in Prague and Říčany |url=https://www.tenisovysvet.cz/article/detail/14455--denni-menu-29-8-2021-noskova-ziskala-titul-v-prerove-v-praze-a-ricanech-startuji-dalsi-turnaje |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=tenisovysvet.cz |language=cs}}</ref> Insyd October, she advance to ein first ITF final insyd doubles. A month later, she fini de year at de 25k Milove tournament wer she win ein fourth title insyd singles<ref>{{cite news|last=Němeček|first=Ivan|date=14 December 2021|title=Nosková chce v příštím roce do stovky. Dám tenisu všechno, hlásí|trans-title=Nosková wants to reach 100 next year. I will give everything to tennis, he reports|url=https://valassky.denik.cz/ostatni_region/noskova-tenisova-extraliga.html|access-date=14 October 2022|newspaper=Valašský Deník|language=cs}}</ref> wey she fini as a runner-up insyd doubles. === 2022: Major den top 100 debuts === [[File:Noskova_RGQ22_(9)_(52129787314).jpg|right|thumb|Nosková at de 2022 French Open wer she make ein main-draw debut.]] She make ein major main-draw debut at de French Open as a qualifier, wey dey make am de youngest Czech player to compete at a major since Nicole Vaidišová (17 years 127 days) at de 2006 US Open den de youngest player to qualify for de tournament since 16-year-old Michelle Larcher de Brito insyd 2009.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Kulikova upsets No.1 seed; Noskova wins at French Open qualifying |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2623050/kulikova-upsets-no1-seed-noskova-wins-at-french-open-qualifying |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=[[Women's Tennis Association|WTA Tennis]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 May 2022 |title=Vekic makes main draw as French Open qualifying wraps up |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2625957/vekic-makes-main-draw-as-french-open-qualifying-wraps-up |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |date=20 May 2022 |title=Introducing the 2022 French Open's Grand Slam debutantes |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2626174/introducing-the-2022-french-open-s-grand-slam-debutantes |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Girls' Champion Noskova, 17, Qualifies for Roland Garros |url=http://www.tennisnow.com/Blogs/NET-POSTS/May-2022/Girls-Champion-Noskova,-17,-Qualifies-for-Roland.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519150439/http://www.tennisnow.com/Blogs/NET-POSTS/May-2022/Girls-Champion-Noskova,-17,-Qualifies-for-Roland.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2022 |access-date=19 May 2022}}</ref> Insyd de first round of de main draw, she face US Open champion Emma Raducanu wey she loose, after winning de first set.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=Raducanu tops Noskova at French Open; Kontaveit suffers upset |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2633342/raducanu-tops-noskova-at-french-open-kontaveit-suffers-upset |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2022 |title=Welcome to the tour: All of 2022's WTA debutantes |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/photos/2573429/welcome-to-the-tour-all-of-2022-s-wta-debutantes |access-date=24 October 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> De following week, she reach de semifinals of de WTA 125 Makarska International Championships.<ref>{{cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |date=27 July 2022 |title=New wave of Czech teenagers makes impact in Prague |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2692204/new-wave-of-czech-teenagers-makes-impact-in-prague |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Insyd July, she win ein first 100k title, at de Reinert Open defeating Ysaline Bonaventure insyd de final.<ref>{{cite web |last=Renton |first=Jamie |date=11 July 2022 |title=Noskova eyes top 100 after winning biggest title yet at W100 Versmold |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/noskova-eyes-top-100-after-winning-biggest-title-yet-at-w100-versmold/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=ITF Tennis}}</ref> Three weeks later, she enter ein first WTA Tour semifinal at de Prague Open buh she loose to compatriot den later champion, Marie Bouzková.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 July 2022 |title=Bouzkova, Potapova to duel for Prague title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2700639/bouzkova-potapova-to-duel-for-prague-title |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> However, she mark ein first top 50 win defeating Alizé Cornet, insyd de second round.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prague: Noskova, 17, upsets Cornet in thriller to reach 1st QF (video) |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/2693763/prague-noskova-17-upsets-cornet-in-thriller-to-reach-1st-qf |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Dis result lead am into de top 100 for de first time, at world No. 94 becoming de youngest woman insyd tse top 100, a distinction na Coco Gauff hold since October 2019. By reaching de semifinals, she cam be de youngest Czech woman to reach a tour-level semifinal since Vaidišová (17 years, 189 days) insyd Linz insyd 2006.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2022 |title=Rankings Watch: Bogdan makes biggest leap of the week |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2707315/rankings-watch-bogdan-makes-biggest-leap-of-the-week |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> At de [[2022 US Open – Women's singles|US Open]], she compete insyd ein second qualifying for a major wey she advance to de main draw plus three qualifying wins. Insyd de second round, she defeat former top-10 player Eugenie Bouchard.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=Czech teens Fruhvirtova, Noskova, Bejlek qualify for US Open main draw |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2761640/czech-teens-fruhvirtova-noskova-bejlek-qualify-for-us-open-main-draw |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Chiesa |first=Victoria |date=26 August 2022 |title=Meet the 2022 US Open women's qualifiers |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2022-08-26/meet_the_2022_us_open_womens_qualifiers.html |access-date=29 October 2023 |work=usopen.org}}</ref> However, na dem beat am insyd de first round of de main draw by Bouzková insyd a three-set match.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 August 2022 |title=US Open Day 2 by the numbers: Zheng's ace record, Pliskova's tiebreaks and more |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2770634/us-open-day-2-by-the-numbers-zheng-s-ace-record-pliskova-s-tiebreaks-and-more |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> === 2023: WTA Tour final den top 50 === Dem rank am No. 102 at de start of de Adelaide International 1, she cam thru qualifying beating Anna Kalinskaya den Anastasia Potapova to make de main draw. Insyd de first round, she beat world No. 8, Daria Kasatkina, to get ein first top 10 win,<ref>{{cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Noskova stuns Kasatkina, Kudermetova cruises in Adelaide Round 1 |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3004282/noskova-stuns-kasatkina-kudermetova-cruises-in-adelaide-round-1 |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> den insyd de second, she beat fellow qualifier Claire Liu to make ein first WTA 500 quarterfinal.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 January 2023 |title=Azarenka, Noskova, Begu roll into Adelaide 1 quarterfinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3010209/azarenka-noskova-begu-roll-into-adelaide-1-quarterfinals |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> She defeat two-time major champion den former world No. 1, [[Victoria Azarenka]], insyd a three-set thriller insyd de quarterfinals, winning de final set tiebreak 8–6, after saving one match point.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 January 2023 |title=Noskova saves match point, faces Jabeur in Adelaide 1 semifinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3011937/noskova-saves-match-point-faces-jabeur-in-adelaide-1-semifinals |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> She then beat top seed den world No. 2, [[Ons Jabeur]], to reach ein first ever WTA Tour final wich she loose to second seed Aryna Sabalenka, insyd straight sets.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 January 2023 |title=Sabalenka into Adelaide 1 final, faces Czech teen Noskova |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3012346/sabalenka-into-adelaide-1-final-faces-czech-teen-noskova |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> As a result, she move close to 50 positions up insyd de rankings to No. 56.<ref>{{cite web |last=Majumdar |first=Aayush |date=9 January 2023 |title=WTA rankings update: Madison Keys makes Top-10 return, Linda Noskova jumps up 46 places, Iga Swiatek begins her 41st week as World No. 1 |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/tennis/news-wta-rankings-update-madison-keys-makes-top-10-return-linda-noskova-jumps-46-places-iga-swiatek-begins-41st-week-world-no-1#:~:text=Meanwhile%2C%20Masarova%20had%20a%20week%20to%20remember%2C%20also,Vekic%20earned%20seven%20spots%20to%20enter%20the%20Top-60. |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref> Despite she be ranked well insyd de top 100 by de start of de Australian Open, Nosková need to play qualifying secof de sudden nature of ein rise up de rankings. However, she loose insyd de first round of qualifying to world No. 192, Katherine Sebov.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ramchandani |first=Haresh |date=10 January 2023 |title=18-year old Adelaide finalist Noskova bows out in first round of Australian Open qualifying |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/australian-open-news/adelaide-finalist-noskova-bows-out-in-first-round-of-australian-open-qualifying-652773.html |access-date=13 January 2023 |website=Tennis Majors}}</ref> Nevertheless, she reach No. 50 insyd de rankings on 6 February 2023 becoming de youngest player insyd de top 50. At de Indian Wells Open, she reach de third round of a WTA 1000 for de first time insyd ein debut at dis level, defeating Irina-Camelia Begu<ref>{{cite web |date=8 March 2023 |title=WTA Indian Wells: Noskova books spot in second round vs. Anisimova |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/indian-wells-noskova-books-spot-in-second-round-665730.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> den 31st seed Amanda Anisimova.<ref>{{cite news|last1=JOHNSON|first1=ABBEY|title=Indian Wells: Jil Teichmann topples Belinda Bencic to score biggest upset on day 3|url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_WTA_results_with/129687/indian-wells-jil-teichmann-topples-belinda-bencic-to-score-biggest-upset-on-day-3-/|access-date=28 May 2023|publisher=www.tennisworldusa.org|date=11 March 2023}}</ref> Na ein run be ended by sixth seed Coco Gauff.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 March 2023 |title=Gauff Shows Superiority in Win Over Noskova at BNP Paribas Indian Wells |url=https://tennisuptodate.com/wta/gauff-shows-superiority-in-win-over-noskova-at-bnp-paribas-indian-wells |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=tennisuptodate.com}}</ref> At de Cincinnati Open, she sanso reach de third round defeating ninth seed Petra Kvitová en route,<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/3637164/noskova-18-beats-idol-kvitova-to-advance-to-round-of-16 |title=Noskova, 18, beats idol Kvitova to advance to Round of 16 |date=2023 |type= |publisher=wtatennis.com |access-date=29 October 2023 |people=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=17 August 2023 |title=Nosková, 18, beats Kvitová in Cincinnati |url=https://english.radio.cz/noskova-18-beats-kvitova-cincinnati-8791676 |access-date=29 October 2023 |work=[[Radio Prague]]}}</ref> before losing to seventh seed Coco Gauff.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 August 2023 |title=Coco Gauff battles through inconsistencies to defeat Noskova after an erratic match at Cincinnati Open |url=https://tennisuptodate.com/atp/coco-gauff-battles-through-inconsistencies-to-defeat-noskova-after-an-erratic-match-at-cincinnati-open |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=tennisuptodate.com}}</ref> === 2024: Major quarterfinal, WTA 500 title === [[File:Linda_Nosková_-_2024_Summer_Olympics_women's_doubles_tennis_tournament,_2024-08-04_(23)_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Nosková dey serve at de 2024 Paris Olympics.]] On ein debut at de Australian Open, Nosková record ein first wins there over 31st seed den compatriot, Marie Bouzková<ref>{{cite web |date=15 January 2024 |title=Australian Open: Noskova tops Bouzkova in all-Czech tilt |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/australian-open-news/australian-open-noskova-tops-bouzkova-in-all-czech-tilt-736996.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> den wildcard entrant McCartney Kessler to reach de third round.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Noskova holds off Kessler to advance in Melbourne |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/australian-open-news/noskova-holds-off-kessler-to-advance-in-melbourne-738092.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> She then stun world No. 1, Iga Świątek, to move to de fourth round of a major event for de first time insyd ein career.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2024 |title=Noskova, 19, stuns top seed Swiatek in Australian Open upset |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3862247/noskova-19-stuns-top-seed-swiatek-in-australian-open-upset |accessdate=20 January 2024 |work=WTA Tennis}}</ref> She cam be de first teenager to defeat a world No. 1 at dis major since 1999, wen Amélie Mauresmo shock Lindsay Davenport.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big-hitting Linda Noskova stuns Iga Swiatek to reach fourth round in Australian Open debut |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/big-hitting-linda-noskova-stuns-iga-swiatek-to-reach-fourth-round-in-australian-open-debut |publisher=tennis.com}}</ref> She advance to xe quarterfinals for de first time, after de retirement of 19th seed Elina Svitolina insyd de fourth round.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 January 2024 |title=Noskova moves into Australian Open quarterfinals after Svitolina retires |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3864419/noskova-moves-into-australian-open-quarterfinals-after-svitolina-retires |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Despite losing insyd de last eight to qualifier Dayana Yastremska,<ref>{{cite web |title=Australian Open: Linda Noskova's teenage dream ended by qualifier Dayana Yastremska in quarter-finals |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13055129/australian-open-linda-noskovas-teenage-dream-ended-by-qualifier-dayana-yastremska-in-quarter-finals |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> Nosková reach de top 30 insyd de singles rankings on 29 January 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rankings Watch: Zheng makes Top 10 debut; Mertens back to No.1 in doubles |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3870512/rankings-watch-zheng-makes-top-10-debut-mertens-back-to-no-1-in-doubles |work=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Insyd July as top seed at de Prague Open, she overcam qualifier Katarina Zavatska,<ref>{{cite web |title=Top seed Noskova powers past Zavatska in Prague first round |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4064885/top-seed-noskova-powers-past-zavatska-in-prague-first-round |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Eva Lys<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2024 |title=Prague Open: Noskova advances to last eight as Lys retires with injury |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/prague-open-noskova-advances-to-last-8-775363.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> den Ella Seidel<ref>{{cite web |date=24 July 2024 |title=Prague Open: Noskova reaches semi-finals, faces Linette next |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/prague-open-noskova-reaches-semi-finals-775581.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> to make am into de semifinals, at wich point she loose to fourth seed den eventual champion Magda Linette insyd a deciding set tiebreak.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 July 2024 |title=Prague Open: Linette books spot in final |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/prague-open-linette-books-spot-in-final-775752.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> At de WTA 500 Monterrey Open, she defeat qualifier Anna Danilina,<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title=Noskova reaches second round in Monterrey |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/monterrey-open-noskova-reaches-second-round-780229.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> Wang Xiyu<ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2024 |title=Noskova secures spot in quarter-finals of Monterrey Open |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/monterrey-open-noskova-makes-last-8-780434.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> den fifth seed den former champion, Elina Svitolina, to reach ein third semifinal for de season, following Brisbane den Prague.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2024 |title=Noskova defeats former champ Svitolina in Monterrey quarterfinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4091966/noskova-defeats-former-champ-svitolina-in-monterrey-quarterfinals |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Nosková defeat second seed Emma Navarro insyd straight sets to reach ein first final of de season.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2024 |title=Sun advances to first final; faces Noskova for Monterrey title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4092954/sun-advances-to-first-final-faces-noskova-for-monterrey-title |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> She win ein maiden WTA Tour title plus anoda straight sets victory over Lulu Sun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Czech teen Noskova fends off Sun in Monterrey, claims first WTA title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4095704/czech-teen-noskova-fends-off-sun-in-monterrey-claims-first-wta-title |accessdate=25 August 2024 |work=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 August 2024 |title=Linda Noskova beats Lulu Sun to win WTA's Monterrey Open |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/40984122/linda-noskova-beats-lulu-sun-win-wta-monterrey-open |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> === 2025: First WTA 1000 final, top 20 === Insyd February, Nosková reach de semifinals at de Abu Dhabi Open plus wins over Magdalena Fręch,<ref>{{cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=Mubadala Abu Dhabi Open: Noskova reaches second round |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/mubadala-abu-dhabi-open-noskova-reaches-second-round-806705.html |accessdate=21 February 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> second seed Paula Badosa<ref>{{cite web |date=5 February 2025 |title=Mubadala Abu Dhabi Open: Noskova beats Badosa |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/mubadala-abu-dhabi-open-noskova-beats-badosa-806980.html |accessdate=21 February 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> den Magda Linette,<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=Mubadala Abu Dhabi Open: Noskova moves into last four |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/mubadala-abu-dhabi-open-noskova-moves-into-last-four-807152.html |accessdate=21 February 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> before losing insyd de last four to Ashlyn Krueger.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2025 |title=Mubadala Abu Dhabi Open: Krueger reaches maiden WTA 500 Final |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/mubadala-abu-dhabi-open-krueger-reaches-maiden-wta-500-final-807372.html |accessdate=21 February 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> Two weeks later, at de Dubai Championships, she defeat Yulia Putintseva,<ref>{{cite web |date=16 February 2025 |title=Dubai Open: Noskova defeats Putintseva to move into second round |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/dubai-duty-free-tennis-championships-wta-1000-wta-tour-news/dubai-open-noskova-defeats-putintseva-to-move-into-second-round-809012.html |accessdate=21 February 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> 11th seed Diana Shnaider<ref>{{cite web |date=18 February 2025 |title=Dubai Open: Noskova reaches last 16 |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/dubai-duty-free-tennis-championships-wta-1000-wta-tour-news/dubai-open-noskova-reaches-last-16-809351.html |accessdate=21 February 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> den fifth seed Jessica Pegula<ref>{{cite web |date=19 February 2025 |title=Noskova ousts Pegula to move into Dubai Open quarter-finals |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/dubai-duty-free-tennis-championships-wta-1000-wta-tour-news/noskova-ousts-pegula-to-move-into-dubai-open-quarter-finals-809588.html |accessdate=21 February 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> to make am thru to de quarterfinals, wer she loose to Clara Tauson.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 February 2025 |title=Dubai Open: Tauson books spot in semi-finals |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/dubai-open-tauson-books-spot-in-semi-finals-809832.html |accessdate=21 February 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> Partnering Irina Khromacheva, Nosková reach de doubles final at de Open de Rouen insyd April, losing to Aleksandra Krunić den Sabrina Santamaria insyd straight sets.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 April 2025 |title=Top seed Svitolina triumphs in Rouen; wins first title in nearly two years |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4251946/top-seed-svitolina-triumphs-in-rouen-wins-first-title-in-nearly-two-years |accessdate=22 April 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> At de Nottingham Open, she defeat lucky loser Anca Todoni<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova saves two match points, survives Todoni in Nottingham opener |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4288136/noskova-saves-two-match-points-survives-todoni-in-nottingham-opener |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> den wildcard entrant Francesca Jones<ref>{{cite web |date=19 June 2025 |title=Nottingham - Noskova downs Jones, as Fernandez, Sramkova and Yastremska also make Last 8 |url=https://tennisthreads.net/nottingham-noskova-downs-jones-as-fernandez-sramkova-and-yastremska-also-make-last-8/ |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Threads}}</ref> to reach de quarterfinals, wer she loose do Rebecca Šramková.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 June 2025 |title=Nottingham Open: Sramkova recovers to beat Noskova and reach semi-finals |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/nottingham-open-wta-250-wta-tour-news/nottingham-open-sramkova-recovers-to-beat-noskova-and-reach-semi-finals-826450.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> De following week at de Bad Homburg Open, wins over qualifier Ajla Tomljanović,<ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2025 |title=Unforgiving Linda Noskova thumps Tomljanovic in the 1st round to battle vs Vekic at the Bad Homburg Open |url=https://tennistonic.com/tennis-news/879788/unforgiving-linda-noskova-thumps-tomljanovic-in-the-1st-round-to-battle-vs-vekic-at-the-bad-homburg-open-bad-homburg-results/ |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Tonic}}</ref> Donna Vekić<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova ousts last year's finalist Vekic in Bad Homburg |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4296559/noskova-ousts-last-years-finalist-vekic-in-bad-homburg |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> den third seed [[Mirra Andreeva]]<ref>{{cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Pegula holds off Navarro, Noskova upsets Andreeva in Bad Homburg |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4297344/pegula-holds-off-navarro-noskova-upsets-andreeva-in-bad-homburg |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> see Nosková make am into de semifinals, at wich point she loose to top seed den eventual champion Jessica Pegula.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 June 2025 |title=Jessica Pegula mounts stunning comeback against Linda Noskova to reach Bad Homburg final |url=https://tennisuptodate.com/wta/jessica-pegula-mounts-stunning-comeback-against-linda-noskova-to-reach-bad-homburg-final |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=tennisuptodate.com}}</ref> Seeded 30th at Wimbledon, she overcam Bernarda Pera,<ref>{{cite web |date=29 June 2025 |title=Bernarda Pera vs Linda Noskova |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/matches/wta/wimbledon/bernarda-pera-vs-linda-noskova-4 |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> Eva Lys<ref>{{cite web |date=2 July 2025 |title=Wimbledon: Noskova books spot in third round |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wimbledon-news/wimbledon-noskova-books-spot-in-third-round-828153.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> de Kamilla Rakhimova<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2025 |title=Wimbledon: Noskova edges past Rakhimova to move into last 16 |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wimbledon-news/wimbledon-noskova-edges-past-rakhimova-to-move-into-last-16-828505.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> to reach de fourth round at de grass-court major for de first time. Ein run be ended by 13th seed den eventual finalist Amanda Anisimova.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2025 |title=Anisimova battles past Noskova to return to Wimbledon quarterfinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4304835/anisimova-battles-past-noskova-to-return-to-wimbledon-quarterfinals |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> As top seed at de Prague Open, Nosková defeat qualifier Anastasia Gasanova,<ref>{{cite web |title=Top seed Noskova edges Gasanova in two tiebreaks in Prague first round |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4320490/top-seed-noskova-edges-gasanova-in-two-tiebreaks-in-prague-first-round |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Elisabetta Cocciaretto,<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Prague Open: Noskova moves into quarter-finals |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/prague-open-noskova-moves-into-quarter-finals-2-831101.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> Kateřina Siniaková<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova tops Siniakova in all-Czech showdown; returns to Prague semifinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4322753/noskova-tops-siniakova-in-all-czech-showdown-returns-to-prague-semifinals |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> den fourth seed Wang Xinyu<ref>{{cite web |date=25 July 2025 |title=Prague Open: Noskova makes final |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/prague-open-noskova-makes-final-2-831317.html |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> to make am to tfe final, wich she loose to Marie Bouzková, insyd three sets.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 July 2025 |title=Bouzková Triumphs in All-Czech Final to Claim Second Prague Open Title |url=https://praguemorning.cz/bouzkova-wins-prague-open-2025/ |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Prague Morning}}</ref> Defending ein title at de Monterrey Open, Nosková record wins over qualifier Lulu Sun<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2025 |title=WTA Roundup - Noskova battles into round 2 in Monterrey as top seeds line up for Wednesday start |url=https://tennisthreads.net/wta-roundup-noskova-battles-into-round-2-in-monterrey-as-top-seeds-line-up-for-wednesday-start/ |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Threads}}</ref> den Tatjana Maria<ref>{{cite web |title=Defending champ Noskova passes Maria test in Monterrey second round |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4345792/defending-champ-noskova-passes-maria-test-in-monterrey-second-round |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> to reach de quarterfinals, wer she loose to second seed Ekaterina Alexandrova.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexandrova knocks out defending champ Noskova to reach Monterrey semis |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/alexandrova-knocks-out-defending-champ-noskova-reach-monterrey-semis-2025-08-22/ |accessdate=29 September 2025 |work=Reuters}}</ref> Seeded 21st at de US Open, Nosková defeat qualifier Dalma Gálfi<ref>{{cite web |date=27 August 2025 |title=Linda Noskova wins against Galfi in the 1st round to clash vs Lys at the U.S. Open |url=https://tennistonic.com/tennis-news/910077/linda-noskova-wins-against-galfi-in-the-1st-round-to-clash-vs-lys-at-the-u-s-open-highlights-u-s-open-results/ |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis Tonic}}</ref> den Eva Lys,<ref>{{cite web |date=29 August 2025 |title=All-Czech duel looms at US Open as Muchová and Nosková reach third round |url=https://english.radio.cz/all-czech-duel-looms-us-open-muchova-and-noskova-reach-third-round-8861149 |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Radio Prague International}}</ref> before losing to 11th seed Karolína Muchová, insyd three sets.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 August 2025 |title=US Open: Karolina Muchova reaches R16 two days after uncomfortable ex-BF situation |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_WTA_results_with/159100/us-open-karolina-muchova-reaches-r16-two-days-after-uncomfortable-exbf-situation/ |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Tennis World USA}}</ref> At de China Open, she receive a bye as de 26th seed wey she then defeate Wang Xiyu<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova wins fourth edition of rivalry with Wang Xiyu in Beijing Round 2 |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4370508/noskova-wins-fourth-edition-of-rivalry-with-wang-xiyu-in-beijing-round-2 |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> to reach de third round, wer she advance wen ein opponent, seventh seed Zheng Qinwen, retire secof injury with Nosková lleading in the deciding set.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2025 |title=Noskova advances to China Open fourth round after Zheng retires |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4372238/zheng-v-noskova-article |accessdate=29 September 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Nosková then overcam Anastasia Potapova<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova tops Potapova in Beijing; into second WTA 1000 quarterfinal of 2025 |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4373658/noskova-tops-potapova-in-beijing-into-second-wta-1000-quarterfinal-of-2025 |accessdate=1 October 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Sonay Kartal<ref>{{cite web |title=China Open: Britain's Sonay Kartal loses to Linda Noskova in quarter-finals in Beijing |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32461/13443393/china-open-britains-sonay-kartal-loses-to-linda-noskova-in-quarter-finals-in-beijing |accessdate=3 October 2025 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> den fifth seed Jessica Pegula to make am into ein first WTA 1000 final,<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2025 |title=Linda Noskova shocks Jessica Pegula as American misses three match points, sets up China Open final with Amanda Anisimova |url=https://tennisuptodate.com/wta/linda-noskova-shocks-jessica-pegula-as-american-misses-three-match-points-sets-up-china-open-final-with-amanda-anisimova |accessdate=4 October 2025 |publisher=tennisuptodate.com}}</ref> wich she loose to third seed Amanda Anisimova, insyd three sets.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 October 2025 |title=US Open finalist Anisimova beats Noskova to win Beijing title |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251005-us-open-finalist-anisimova-beats-noskova-to-win-beijing-title |accessdate=5 October 2025 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Despite ein loss, she reach a new career-high ranking of world No. 17, on 6 October 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 October 2025 |title=Rankings watch: Noskova makes Top 20 debut, Lys cracks Top 50 |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4376908/rankings-watch-noskova-makes-top-20-debut-lys-cracks-top-50 |accessdate=6 October 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Two weeks later, at de Pan Pacific Open, Nosková receive a bye secof ein seeding, she defeat McCartney Kessler<ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2025 |title=Linda Noskova beats McCartney Kessler to advance to the quarter finals in Tokyo |url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2025/10/linda-noskova-beats-mccartney-kessler-to-advance-to-the-quarter-finals-in-tokyo/ |accessdate=27 October 2025 |publisher=Ubi Tennis}}</ref> wey she then advance to de semifinals wen Anna Kalinskaya retire secof a back injury after losing de opening seven games of dema quarterfinal match.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nosková si zahraje o finále, Kalinská ve druhém setu vzdala. Chystá se Muchová |url=https://www.tenisportal.cz/zpravy/noskova-si-zahraje-o-finale-kalinska-ve-druhem-setu-vzdala-chysta-se-muchova-52160/ |accessdate=27 October 2025 |publisher=Tenis Portal (in Czech)}}</ref> She then receive a walkover into de final wen ein last four opponent, second seed Elena Rybakina, withdraw from de tournament secof a back injury.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 October 2025 |title=Rybakina pulls out of Pan Pacific Open semi-final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cnve15qme8lo |accessdate=27 October 2025 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nosková loose de championship match to fifth seed Belinda Bencic insyd straight sets.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 October 2025 |title=Tokyo - Bencic lands WTA 500 title with win over Noskova |url=https://tennisthreads.net/tokyo-bencic-lands-wta-500-title-with-win-over-noskova/ |accessdate=27 October 2025 |publisher=Tennis Threads}}</ref> As a result, she reach a new career-high ranking of world No. 13, on 27 October 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 October 2025 |title=WTA Rankings: Aryna Sabalenka gets year-end No 1 green light, Belinda Bencic on cusp of top 10, Lulu Sun +28 |url=https://www.tennis365.com/wta-tour/wta-rankings-sabalenka-secures-back-to-back-year-end-no-1-spot-bencic-eyes-top-10-zheng-13 |accessdate=27 October 2025 |publisher=Tennis365}}</ref> === 2026: World No. 7, Wimbledon champion === Seeded 14th at de WTA 1000 tournament insyd Indian Wells, Nosková reach de semifinals, wer she loose to world No. 1 den eventual champion, Aryna Sabalenka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sabalenka holds off Noskova to reach third Indian Wells final in four years |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4468675/aryna-sabalenka-powers-past-linda-noskova-to-reach-third-indian-wells-final-in-four-years-bnp-paribas-open |accessdate=29 April 2026 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Plus a run wey include a win over eighth seed Ekaterina Alexandrova insyd de second round,<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova defeats Alexandrova at Stuttgart 2026 – Round 2 |url=https://en.tennistemple.com/video/noskova-defeats-alexandrova-at-stuttgart-2026/IRmv2 |accessdate=29 April 2026 |publisher=Tennis Temple}}</ref> she make am thru to de quarterfinals at de Stuttgart Grand Prix, at wich point she be eliminated by fourth seed Elina Svitolina.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elina Svitolina defeats Linda Noskova at Stuttgart 2026 – Quarter-Final |url=https://en.tennistemple.com/video/elina-svitolina-defeats-linda-noskova-at-stuttgart/dXFlz |accessdate=29 April 2026 |publisher=Tennis Temple}}</ref> At de Madrid Open, Nosková defeat world No. 3, Coco Gauff, insyd de fourth round,<ref>{{cite web |title=Madrid Open 2026: Coco Gauff falls to Linda Noskova in three-set thriller in round of 16 |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/madrid-open-2026-coco-gauff-loses-linda-noskova-round-of-16 |accessdate=29 April 2026 |publisher=olympics.com}}</ref> only to lose to 26th seed Marta Kostyuk insyd de quarterfinals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kostyuk blanks Noskova in second set to carry her through to Madrid semis |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4495776/kostyuk-blanks-noskova-in-second-set-to-carry-her-through-to-madrid-semis |accessdate=29 April 2026 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Insyd June at de Berlin Open as eighth seed, she record wins over qualifiers Renata Zarazúa,<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova defeats Zarazua at Berlin 2026 – Round 1 |url=https://en.tennistemple.com/video/noskova-defeats-zarazua-at-berlin-2026-round-1/kTVpL |accessdate=20 June 2026 |publisher=Tennis Temple}}</ref> Diane Parry,<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova powers past Parry in Berlin; into fourth quarterfinal of 2026 |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4521487/noskova-powers-past-parry-in-berlin-into-fourth-quarterfinal-of-2026 |accessdate=20 June 2026 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> then wildcard entrants Paula Badosa<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova overpowers Badosa in 68 minutes to reach Berlin semifinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4522310/noskova-overpowers-badosa-in-68-minutes-to-reach-berlin-semifinals |accessdate=20 June 2026 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> den Alexandra Eala to reach ein first grass-court WTA Tour singles final.<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova dispatches Eala in 69 minutes to make first grass-court final in Berlin |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4522983/noskova-dispatches-eala-in-69-minutes-to-make-first-grass-court-final-in-berlin |accessdate=21 June 2026 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Insyd de championship match she defeat third seed Jessica Pegula insyd three sets to claim ein second tour-level singles title and, as a result, she make ein debut insyd de top 10, on 22 June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova outlasts Pegula in three sets to claim second career title in Berlin |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4523410/noskova-outlasts-pegula-in-three-sets-to-claim-second-career-title-in-berlin |accessdate=21 June 2026 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Noskova defeats Pegula at BTO 2026 – Final |url=https://en.tennistemple.com/video/noskova-defeats-pegula-at-bto-2026-final/ztQk0 |accessdate=21 June 2026 |publisher=Tennis Temple}}</ref> De day after winning de singles, Nosková team plus Ekaterina Alexandrova to claim de doubles title, overcoming third seeds Sara Errani den Nicole Melichar-Martinez insyd de final wich be delayed secof heavy rain.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeden titul nestačí. Rozjetá Nosková triumfovala v Berlíně i ve čtyřhře |url=https://www.tenisportal.cz/zpravy/jeden-titul-nestaci-rozjeta-noskova-triumfovala-v-berline-i-ve-ctyrhre-57457/ |accessdate=22 June 2026 |publisher=Tenis Portal (in Czech)}}</ref> At Wimbledon, Nosková enjoy de best Grand Slam run of ein career. She defeat Elise Mertens insyd de quarterfinals to reach ein first major semifinal, before overcoming 12th seed Marta Kostyuk<ref>{{cite news|last=Murrells|first=Katy|title=Wimbledon 2026: Noskova sees off Kostyuk to reach final; Muchova beats Gauff in thriller|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2026/jul/09/wimbledon-2026-karolina-muchova-coco-gauff-marta-kostyuk-linda-noskova-womens-semi-finals-tennis-live|work=The Guardian|date=9 July 2026|access-date=9 July 2026}}</ref> to advance to ein first major final. Ein victory set up de first all-Czech women's singles final insyd Wimbledon history against compatriot Karolína Muchová. Nosková lift ein maiden major title, after failing to convert five championship points, buh eventually she secure a three-set win on ein sixth opportunity, becoming de youngest Wimbledon women's singles champion since Petra Kvitová insyd 2011. De triumph propel am to a career-high ranking of world No. 7 on 13 July 2026. She cam be de third Czech woman to win de Wimbledon singles title, insyd four years, following Markéta Vondroušová (2023) den Barbora Krejčíková (2024).<ref>{{cite news|title=Noskova survives Muchova fightback in all-Czech final to lift Wimbledon trophy|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/noskova-beats-muchova-win-wimbledon-womens-singles-title-2026-07-11/|work=Reuters|date=11 July 2026|access-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> obee2c7vckpstt6ly96ne3cdnk41inc Clara Serrajordi 0 29250 109166 2026-08-05T23:26:53Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358534283|Clara Serrajordi]]" 109166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clara Serrajordi Díaz''' (born 7 December 2007) be a Spanish footballer wey dey play as a midfielder give de Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. kp1rqmqzjddgutu26bsjmoske1z26mm 109172 109166 2026-08-06T08:28:33Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Club career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367914387|Clara Serrajordi]]" 109172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clara Serrajordi Díaz''' (born 7 December 2007) be a Spanish footballer wey dey play as a midfielder give de Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. == Club career == === FC Barcelona === She make ein debut plus FC Barcelona B insyd 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clara Serrajordi Díaz - Centrocampista FC Barcelona B - Futboleras |url=https://www.futboleras.es/jugadora/clara-serrajordi-diaz-ref8153.html |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=www.futboleras.es |language=es}}</ref> She make ein senior Barcelona debut insyd de 2024–25 season, wer she play four games.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jugadors |first=F. C. B. |title=Estadísticas de Clara Serrajordi Díaz {{!}} FC Barcelona Players |url=https://players.fcbarcelona.com/es/jugador/3146-serrajordi-clara-serrajordi-diaz |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=FCB Jugadors |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gil |first=Aimara G. |date=2025-06-27 |title=Quién es quién de las campeonas del Europa Sub-19 |url=https://as.com/futbol/femenino/quien-es-quien-de-la-sub-19-otra-generacion-que-deja-huella-n/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Diario AS |language=es}}</ref> advospxat0gqg5lkraxdibdiz7arc96 109174 109172 2026-08-06T08:48:02Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "International career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367914387|Clara Serrajordi]]" 109174 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clara Serrajordi Díaz''' (born 7 December 2007) be a Spanish footballer wey dey play as a midfielder give de Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. == Club career == === FC Barcelona === She make ein debut plus FC Barcelona B insyd 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clara Serrajordi Díaz - Centrocampista FC Barcelona B - Futboleras |url=https://www.futboleras.es/jugadora/clara-serrajordi-diaz-ref8153.html |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=www.futboleras.es |language=es}}</ref> She make ein senior Barcelona debut insyd de 2024–25 season, wer she play four games.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jugadors |first=F. C. B. |title=Estadísticas de Clara Serrajordi Díaz {{!}} FC Barcelona Players |url=https://players.fcbarcelona.com/es/jugador/3146-serrajordi-clara-serrajordi-diaz |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=FCB Jugadors |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gil |first=Aimara G. |date=2025-06-27 |title=Quién es quién de las campeonas del Europa Sub-19 |url=https://as.com/futbol/femenino/quien-es-quien-de-la-sub-19-otra-generacion-que-deja-huella-n/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Diario AS |language=es}}</ref> == International career == === Youth squads === Na dem call am up by de Spain U17 squad insyd 2023.<ref name="Soccerway">{{Cite web |title=Summary - Clara Serrajordi - Resultados, próximos partidos, equipo, estadísticas, fotos, videos y noticias - Soccerway |url=https://el.soccerway.com/players/clara-serrajordi/937510/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=el.soccerway.com}}</ref> She play insyd 2024 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship wey de Spain under-17 team win.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |title=England-Spain {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} Women's Under-17 2024 Final |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2040551--england-vs-spain/lineups/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=UEFA.com |language=en}}</ref> Na dem call am up to de Spain under-19 team insyd 2024.<ref name="Soccerway">{{Cite web |title=Summary - Clara Serrajordi - Resultados, próximos partidos, equipo, estadísticas, fotos, videos y noticias - Soccerway |url=https://el.soccerway.com/players/clara-serrajordi/937510/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=el.soccerway.com}}</ref> She score a goal insyd de 2025 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship final.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |title=France-Spain {{!}} Women's Under-19 2025 Final |url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2044942--france-vs-spain/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=UEFA.com |language=en}}</ref> mjcr7y764dn3bksps7eo8bac6txfjbr Module:WikidataCheck 828 29251 109168 2026-08-05T23:33:31Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh module 109168 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.wikidatacheck(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that transcludes the template local property = config.property local value = config.value or "" local catbase = config.category local namespaces = config.namespaces local nocatsame = config.nocatsame or "" local ignorecase = config.ignorecase or "" local qid = config.qid or "" local onlysourced = (config.onlysourced == 'yes') or false local ok = false -- one-way flag to check if we're in a good namespace local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace for v in mw.text.gsplit( namespaces, ",", true) do if tonumber(v) == ns then ok = true end end if not ok then -- not in one of the approved namespaces return "" end local entity if qid == "" then entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() else entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(qid) end if not entity then -- no Wikidata item return "[[Category:" .. catbase .. " not in Wikidata]]" end if value == "" then return nil -- Using Wikidata end local claims = entity.claims or {} local hasProp = claims[property] if not hasProp then -- no claim of that property return "[[Category:" .. catbase .. " not in Wikidata]]" -- bad. Bot needs to add the property end if ignorecase ~= "" then value = string.lower( value ) end for i, v in ipairs(hasProp) do -- Now we try to iterate over all possible values? propValue = (v.mainsnak.datavalue or {}).value if ignorecase ~= "" then propValue = string.lower( propValue ) end local sourced = false -- check for external refs a la Module:WikidataIB onlysourced if v.references then for j, vr in ipairs(v.references) do local ref = mw.wikibase.renderSnaks(vr.snaks) if not ref:find("Wiki") then sourced = true break end end end if propValue == value and (not onlysourced or sourced) then if nocatsame == "" then return "[[Category:" .. catbase .. " same as Wikidata]]" -- yay! else return nil -- if nocatsame, the "same as" category is not added end end end return "[[Category:" .. catbase .. " different from Wikidata]]" -- needs human review :( end return p 0aruyv7g8m0jjwgb2002hlhcpqup2xw Module:WikidataCheck/doc 828 29252 109169 2026-08-05T23:34:53Z DaSupremo 9 Fresh template 109169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module | {{Module rating |protected}}{{Ombox|text=The following is the documentation for [[Template:WikidataCheck]].}} | {{Lua|Module:WikidataCheck}} }} [[Template:WikidataCheck]] compares a template parameter to a Wikidata property and adds pages using the template to one of three categories: not in, same as, or different from Wikidata. It is powered by the Lua module [[Module:WikidataCheck]]. == Usage == To add only [[Wikipedia:What is an article?#Namespace|articles]] to the categories: <code><nowiki>{{Wikidata check|property=P###|value={{{value|}}}|category=Category prefix}}</nowiki></code> To add pages in other [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespaces]] to the categories: <code><nowiki>{{Wikidata check|property=P###|value={{{value|}}}|category=Category prefix|namespaces=0,14}}</nowiki></code> To prevent adding pages to a "same as" category: <code><nowiki>{{Wikidata check|property=P###|value={{{value|}}}|category=Category prefix|nocatsame=1}}</nowiki></code> To make comparison [[case insensitive]] for "different from" category: <code><nowiki>{{Wikidata check|property=P###|value={{{value|}}}|category=Category prefix|ignorecase=1}}</nowiki></code> == Parameters == ; Required * {{para|property}} is the P### of the property. The "P" must be uppercase. * {{para|value}} is the value to use from the template. This would be something like <code><nowiki>{{{id|}}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{{id|{{{1|}}}}}}</nowiki></code> * {{para|category}} is the prefix to use in front of the category names. The categories created are "[prefix] not in Wikidata", "[prefix] same as Wikidata", and "[prefix] different from Wikidata". ** It is recommended you create these categories with {{tlx|hiddencat}} before applying this template. ; Optional * {{para|namespaces}} is a comma separated list of the numerical namespaces to apply the template. The default is 0, which is just article space. * {{para|nocatsame}} if set to any value will prevent adding pages to a "same as" category. The "not in" and "different from" categories are still added, where applicable. * {{para|ignorecase}} if set to any value will ignore upper/lower case differences between value in template and value in Wikidata when adding pages to a "different from" category. * {{para|qid}} if specified will check a a different Wikidata item than the current article. * {{para|onlysourced}} if set to "yes" will ignore unsourced Wikidata properties, equivalent to [[Module:WikidataIB]]'s {{para|onlysourced|yes}}. == Example == For {{tlx|MusicBrainz artist}}, which checks {{property|P434}}, the following code would be added: <code><nowiki>{{Wikidata check|property=P434|value={{{mbid|{{{id|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}|category=MusicBrainz artist}}</nowiki></code> Articles using that template with an ID would be placed in one of the following categories: * [[:Category:MusicBrainz artist not in Wikidata]] * [[:Category:MusicBrainz artist same as Wikidata]] * [[:Category:MusicBrainz artist different from Wikidata]] == See also == * {{tl|Tracks Wikidata}} for use in template documentation * {{tl|Wikidata alignment}} - similar template with slightly different functionality * {{tl|Wikidata tracking category}} for use in hidden tracking categories * {{cl|Wikipedia categories tracking data not in Wikidata}} * {{cl|Wikipedia categories tracking data same as Wikidata}} * {{cl|Wikipedia categories tracking Wikidata differences}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}} |10= [[Category:Wikidata templates]] |#default= [[Category:Wikidata modules]][[Category:Modules using data from Wikidata]] }}}}</includeonly> g97fe0lawsreyxtni67tcqptscf2bfh Ewa Pajor 0 29253 109171 2026-08-05T23:46:53Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359274361|Ewa Pajor]]" 109171 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ewa Barbara Pajor''' (; born 3 December 1996) be a Polish professional footballer wey dey play as a [[Striker (association football)|striker]] give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den dey captain de Poland national team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polki mistrzyniami Europy U-17 |url=http://www.90minut.pl/news/214/news2147395-Polki-mistrzyniami-Europy-U-17.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203045742/http://www.90minut.pl/news/214/news2147395-Polki-mistrzyniami-Europy-U-17.html |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=www.90minut.pl}}</ref> Det start ein senior career plus Medyk Konin, she win two Ekstraliga titles den three national cups plus Medyk insyd three years. Insyd 2015, she transfer to VfL Wolfsburg, wer she w8n five Frauen-Bundesliga titles, nine consecutive DFB-Pokals, two league top goalscorer awards, wey she feature insyd three UEFA Women's Champions League finals. Insyd 2024, she move go [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]. Insyd ein first season, she be de club ein top scorer insyd all competitions as dem win a domestic triple wey dem fini de 2024–25 UEFA Women's Champions League as runners-up. Na dem name am Polish Women's Player of the Year six times by de ''Piłka Nożna'' weekly, she win de Women's Gerd Müller Trophy insyd 2025, wey she place 8th insyd dat year ein [[Ballon d'Or]]. ne5hazmz1m70zl25cbvexxhimfmg321 109173 109171 2026-08-06T08:41:51Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "Club career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359274361|Ewa Pajor]]" 109173 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ewa Barbara Pajor''' (; born 3 December 1996) be a Polish professional footballer wey dey play as a [[Striker (association football)|striker]] give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den dey captain de Poland national team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polki mistrzyniami Europy U-17 |url=http://www.90minut.pl/news/214/news2147395-Polki-mistrzyniami-Europy-U-17.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203045742/http://www.90minut.pl/news/214/news2147395-Polki-mistrzyniami-Europy-U-17.html |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=www.90minut.pl}}</ref> Det start ein senior career plus Medyk Konin, she win two Ekstraliga titles den three national cups plus Medyk insyd three years. Insyd 2015, she transfer to VfL Wolfsburg, wer she w8n five Frauen-Bundesliga titles, nine consecutive DFB-Pokals, two league top goalscorer awards, wey she feature insyd three UEFA Women's Champions League finals. Insyd 2024, she move go [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]. Insyd ein first season, she be de club ein top scorer insyd all competitions as dem win a domestic triple wey dem fini de 2024–25 UEFA Women's Champions League as runners-up. Na dem name am Polish Women's Player of the Year six times by de ''Piłka Nożna'' weekly, she win de Women's Gerd Müller Trophy insyd 2025, wey she place 8th insyd dat year ein [[Ballon d'Or]]. == Club career == === Youth === Pajor dey cam from Pęgów. She start ein football training at de age of 8 insyd Orlęty Wielenin. After graduating from primary school, she move to Konin wey she train plus Medyk Konin. On 14 April 2012, she make ein Ekstraliga debut, entering de game insyd de 55th minute of de match against AZS PWSZ Biała Podlaska, winning 3–0. On ein debut, she score two goals. Na she score de first goal two minutes after entering de pitch. She cam be de youngest player ever to play insyd Ekstraliga at 15 years den 133 days old.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2016 |title=Olimpiko Uniejów – Oficjalna Strona Internetowa – Polska – Ewa Pajor |url=http://olimpiko.pl/viewpage.php?page_id=11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409180856/http://olimpiko.pl/viewpage.php?page_id=11 |archive-date=9 April 2016 |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> To be able to participate insyd dis match, na dem need a special permit from PZPN, secof de regulations only allowed players over 16 to play. === Medyk Konin === Insyd de 2012–13 season, togeda plus Medyk, she win de vice-championship den de Polish Cup. Insyd de final match against KP Unia Racibórz, dem win 2–1, Pajor score both goals give ein team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2013 |title=Forum – epoznan.pl – Pierwszy Portal Poznania |url=http://www.epoznan.pl/forum-topic-43381 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102203357/http://www.epoznan.pl/forum-topic-43381 |archive-date=2 November 2013 |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> De seasons 2013–14 den 2014–15 turn out to be even more successful give am. Togeda plus Medyk Konin she win de championship den de Polish Cup twice. She play ein last match for de Konin team wen Medyk defeat Górnik Łęczna insyd de Polish Cup final 5–0. Pajor score a hat-trick insyd dis match. In total, for de senior team of Medyk, she score 74 goals insyd all official matches, of wich 64 insyd de Ekstraliga (insyd 60 appearances).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pierwsza godzina Pajor w Bundeslidze – KobiecaPilka.pl – piłka nożna kobiet |url=http://www.pilkakobieca.pl/news,12773.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724214140/http://www.pilkakobieca.pl/news,12773.html |archive-date=24 July 2020 |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=www.pilkakobieca.pl}}</ref> === VfL Wolfsburg === [[File:2018_Women's_DFB-Pokal_Final_-_Ewa_Pajor_(Wolfsburg)_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|240x240px|Pajor plus Wolfsburg insyd 2018]] Insyd June 2015, Pajor sign a two-year contract plus VfL Wolfsburg,<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=VfL Wolfsburg ǀ Detailseite |url=https://www.vfl-wolfsburg.de/info/frauen/aktuelles/detailseite/artikel/ewa-pajor-wechselt-nach-wolfsburg-38851.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626124335/https://www.vfl-wolfsburg.de/info/frauen/aktuelles/detailseite/artikel/ewa-pajor-wechselt-nach-wolfsburg-38851.html |archive-date=26 June 2015 |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PKO Ekstraklasa |url=https://www.sport.pl/pilka/0,65039.html |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=Sport.pl |language=pl}}</ref> wich she then extend insyd December 2017 to be valid until 30 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2017 |title=Oficjalnie: Ewa Pajor przedłużyła kontrakt z Wolfsburgiem |url=http://nowinkitransferowe.pl/3057/Niemcy/oficjalnie-ewa-pajor-przedluzyla-kontrakt-z-wolfsburgiem |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411192057/http://nowinkitransferowe.pl/3057/Niemcy/oficjalnie-ewa-pajor-przedluzyla-kontrakt-z-wolfsburgiem |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=nowinkitransferowe.pl |language=pl}}</ref> Insyd April 2020, Pajor sign a contract extension plus Wolfsburg til 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=vavel.com |date=24 April 2020 |title=Ewa Pajor extends VfL Wolfsburg contract until 2023 |url=https://www.vavel.com/en/football/2020/04/24/womens-football/1019756-ewa-pajor-extends-vfl-wolfsburg-contract-until-2023.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614223937/https://www.vavel.com/en/football/2020/04/24/womens-football/1019756-ewa-pajor-extends-vfl-wolfsburg-contract-until-2023.html |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=24 April 2020 |website=vavel.com |language=en}}</ref> Insyd de 2018–19 season, she win de German Championship, de German Cup, den de title of Bundesliga top scorer, wey she score 24 goals insyd 19 matches.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S.A |first=Telewizja Polska |title=Transmisje |url=https://sport.tvp.pl/transmisje |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=sport.tvp.pl |language=pl}}</ref> Insyd de 2023–24 season, she score four goals insyd de 9–1 victory against Nürnberg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1. FC Nürnberg - VfL Wolfsburg 1:9 (Women Bundesliga 2023/2024, 14. Round) |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/report/report/frauen-bundesliga-2023-2024-1-fc-nuernberg-vfl-wolfsburg/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319030537/https://www.worldfootball.net/report/report/frauen-bundesliga-2023-2024-1-fc-nuernberg-vfl-wolfsburg/ |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=worldfootball.net |language=en}}</ref> === FC Barcelona === Insyd June 2024, Pajor sign a three-year contract plus [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]].<ref>{{cite news|date=17 June 2024|title=Agreement to sign Ewa Pajor until 2027|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/4039721/agreement-to-sign-ewa-pajor-until-2027|access-date=2024-06-17|website=www.fcbarcelona.com|archive-date=31 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831211415/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/4039721/agreement-to-sign-ewa-pajor-until-2027|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 December 2024, she score a brace insyd a Champions League group stage match against Hammarby, wich conclude insyd Barcelona ein 3–0 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2024 |title=Barcelona grabs last quarterfinal spot in Women's Champions League with 3-0 win in Stockholm |url=https://apnews.com/article/women-champions-league-barcelona-arsenal-bayern-mancity-161feb069c4a0923ffdb7035b618171b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213072750/https://apnews.com/article/women-champions-league-barcelona-arsenal-bayern-mancity-161feb069c4a0923ffdb7035b618171b |archive-date=13 December 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=apnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona 3-0 Hammarby IF (Dec 12, 2024) |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/721655 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213220415/https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/721655 |archive-date=13 December 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=espn.com}}</ref> On 21 December 2024, she score a hat-trick insyd a Copa de la Reina match wey dey contribute to Barcelona ein decisive 6–2 victory over UD Tenerife.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Lydia Navarro |date=21 December 2024 |title=El Barcelona aplasta la ilusión del Tenerife en la Copa de la Reina |url=https://www.articulo14.es/deportes/el-barcelona-aplasta-la-ilusion-del-tenerife-en-la-copa-de-la-reina-20241221.html |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=articulo14.es |language=es}}</ref> On 23 May 2026, she net a brace insyd a 4–0 victory over Lyon insyd de Champions League final, helping secure ein club ein fourth title insyd de competition.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 May 2026 |title=Ewa Pajor, Salma Paralluelo braces lift Barcelona over OL Lyonnes, spoiling Lindsey Heaps’ final European match |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/ewa-pajor-salma-paralluelo-braces-lift-barcelona-over-ol-lyonnes-spoiling-lindsey-heaps-final-european-match-180819060.html |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> She sanso fini as de tournament ein top scorer plus 11 goals.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 May 2026 |title=Ewa Pajor inspires Barça to convincing UWCL victory over Lyonnes |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/ewa-pajor-inspires-bar-convincing-180000026.html |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> i1shfr2a5w85d3zvzfyisrq6sqrnklu 109175 109173 2026-08-06T09:30:13Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the section "International career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359274361|Ewa Pajor]]" 109175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ewa Barbara Pajor''' (; born 3 December 1996) be a Polish professional footballer wey dey play as a [[Striker (association football)|striker]] give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den dey captain de Poland national team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polki mistrzyniami Europy U-17 |url=http://www.90minut.pl/news/214/news2147395-Polki-mistrzyniami-Europy-U-17.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203045742/http://www.90minut.pl/news/214/news2147395-Polki-mistrzyniami-Europy-U-17.html |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=www.90minut.pl}}</ref> Det start ein senior career plus Medyk Konin, she win two Ekstraliga titles den three national cups plus Medyk insyd three years. Insyd 2015, she transfer to VfL Wolfsburg, wer she w8n five Frauen-Bundesliga titles, nine consecutive DFB-Pokals, two league top goalscorer awards, wey she feature insyd three UEFA Women's Champions League finals. Insyd 2024, she move go [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]. Insyd ein first season, she be de club ein top scorer insyd all competitions as dem win a domestic triple wey dem fini de 2024–25 UEFA Women's Champions League as runners-up. Na dem name am Polish Women's Player of the Year six times by de ''Piłka Nożna'' weekly, she win de Women's Gerd Müller Trophy insyd 2025, wey she place 8th insyd dat year ein [[Ballon d'Or]]. == Club career == === Youth === Pajor dey cam from Pęgów. She start ein football training at de age of 8 insyd Orlęty Wielenin. After graduating from primary school, she move to Konin wey she train plus Medyk Konin. On 14 April 2012, she make ein Ekstraliga debut, entering de game insyd de 55th minute of de match against AZS PWSZ Biała Podlaska, winning 3–0. On ein debut, she score two goals. Na she score de first goal two minutes after entering de pitch. She cam be de youngest player ever to play insyd Ekstraliga at 15 years den 133 days old.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2016 |title=Olimpiko Uniejów – Oficjalna Strona Internetowa – Polska – Ewa Pajor |url=http://olimpiko.pl/viewpage.php?page_id=11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409180856/http://olimpiko.pl/viewpage.php?page_id=11 |archive-date=9 April 2016 |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> To be able to participate insyd dis match, na dem need a special permit from PZPN, secof de regulations only allowed players over 16 to play. === Medyk Konin === Insyd de 2012–13 season, togeda plus Medyk, she win de vice-championship den de Polish Cup. Insyd de final match against KP Unia Racibórz, dem win 2–1, Pajor score both goals give ein team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2013 |title=Forum – epoznan.pl – Pierwszy Portal Poznania |url=http://www.epoznan.pl/forum-topic-43381 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102203357/http://www.epoznan.pl/forum-topic-43381 |archive-date=2 November 2013 |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> De seasons 2013–14 den 2014–15 turn out to be even more successful give am. Togeda plus Medyk Konin she win de championship den de Polish Cup twice. She play ein last match for de Konin team wen Medyk defeat Górnik Łęczna insyd de Polish Cup final 5–0. Pajor score a hat-trick insyd dis match. In total, for de senior team of Medyk, she score 74 goals insyd all official matches, of wich 64 insyd de Ekstraliga (insyd 60 appearances).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pierwsza godzina Pajor w Bundeslidze – KobiecaPilka.pl – piłka nożna kobiet |url=http://www.pilkakobieca.pl/news,12773.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724214140/http://www.pilkakobieca.pl/news,12773.html |archive-date=24 July 2020 |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=www.pilkakobieca.pl}}</ref> === VfL Wolfsburg === [[File:2018_Women's_DFB-Pokal_Final_-_Ewa_Pajor_(Wolfsburg)_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|240x240px|Pajor plus Wolfsburg insyd 2018]] Insyd June 2015, Pajor sign a two-year contract plus VfL Wolfsburg,<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2015 |title=VfL Wolfsburg ǀ Detailseite |url=https://www.vfl-wolfsburg.de/info/frauen/aktuelles/detailseite/artikel/ewa-pajor-wechselt-nach-wolfsburg-38851.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626124335/https://www.vfl-wolfsburg.de/info/frauen/aktuelles/detailseite/artikel/ewa-pajor-wechselt-nach-wolfsburg-38851.html |archive-date=26 June 2015 |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PKO Ekstraklasa |url=https://www.sport.pl/pilka/0,65039.html |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=Sport.pl |language=pl}}</ref> wich she then extend insyd December 2017 to be valid until 30 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2017 |title=Oficjalnie: Ewa Pajor przedłużyła kontrakt z Wolfsburgiem |url=http://nowinkitransferowe.pl/3057/Niemcy/oficjalnie-ewa-pajor-przedluzyla-kontrakt-z-wolfsburgiem |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411192057/http://nowinkitransferowe.pl/3057/Niemcy/oficjalnie-ewa-pajor-przedluzyla-kontrakt-z-wolfsburgiem |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=nowinkitransferowe.pl |language=pl}}</ref> Insyd April 2020, Pajor sign a contract extension plus Wolfsburg til 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=vavel.com |date=24 April 2020 |title=Ewa Pajor extends VfL Wolfsburg contract until 2023 |url=https://www.vavel.com/en/football/2020/04/24/womens-football/1019756-ewa-pajor-extends-vfl-wolfsburg-contract-until-2023.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614223937/https://www.vavel.com/en/football/2020/04/24/womens-football/1019756-ewa-pajor-extends-vfl-wolfsburg-contract-until-2023.html |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=24 April 2020 |website=vavel.com |language=en}}</ref> Insyd de 2018–19 season, she win de German Championship, de German Cup, den de title of Bundesliga top scorer, wey she score 24 goals insyd 19 matches.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S.A |first=Telewizja Polska |title=Transmisje |url=https://sport.tvp.pl/transmisje |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=sport.tvp.pl |language=pl}}</ref> Insyd de 2023–24 season, she score four goals insyd de 9–1 victory against Nürnberg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1. FC Nürnberg - VfL Wolfsburg 1:9 (Women Bundesliga 2023/2024, 14. Round) |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/report/report/frauen-bundesliga-2023-2024-1-fc-nuernberg-vfl-wolfsburg/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319030537/https://www.worldfootball.net/report/report/frauen-bundesliga-2023-2024-1-fc-nuernberg-vfl-wolfsburg/ |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=worldfootball.net |language=en}}</ref> === FC Barcelona === Insyd June 2024, Pajor sign a three-year contract plus [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]].<ref>{{cite news|date=17 June 2024|title=Agreement to sign Ewa Pajor until 2027|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/4039721/agreement-to-sign-ewa-pajor-until-2027|access-date=2024-06-17|website=www.fcbarcelona.com|archive-date=31 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831211415/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/4039721/agreement-to-sign-ewa-pajor-until-2027|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 December 2024, she score a brace insyd a Champions League group stage match against Hammarby, wich conclude insyd Barcelona ein 3–0 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2024 |title=Barcelona grabs last quarterfinal spot in Women's Champions League with 3-0 win in Stockholm |url=https://apnews.com/article/women-champions-league-barcelona-arsenal-bayern-mancity-161feb069c4a0923ffdb7035b618171b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213072750/https://apnews.com/article/women-champions-league-barcelona-arsenal-bayern-mancity-161feb069c4a0923ffdb7035b618171b |archive-date=13 December 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=apnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona 3-0 Hammarby IF (Dec 12, 2024) |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/721655 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213220415/https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/721655 |archive-date=13 December 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=espn.com}}</ref> On 21 December 2024, she score a hat-trick insyd a Copa de la Reina match wey dey contribute to Barcelona ein decisive 6–2 victory over UD Tenerife.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Lydia Navarro |date=21 December 2024 |title=El Barcelona aplasta la ilusión del Tenerife en la Copa de la Reina |url=https://www.articulo14.es/deportes/el-barcelona-aplasta-la-ilusion-del-tenerife-en-la-copa-de-la-reina-20241221.html |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=articulo14.es |language=es}}</ref> On 23 May 2026, she net a brace insyd a 4–0 victory over Lyon insyd de Champions League final, helping secure ein club ein fourth title insyd de competition.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 May 2026 |title=Ewa Pajor, Salma Paralluelo braces lift Barcelona over OL Lyonnes, spoiling Lindsey Heaps’ final European match |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/ewa-pajor-salma-paralluelo-braces-lift-barcelona-over-ol-lyonnes-spoiling-lindsey-heaps-final-european-match-180819060.html |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> She sanso fini as de tournament ein top scorer plus 11 goals.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 May 2026 |title=Ewa Pajor inspires Barça to convincing UWCL victory over Lyonnes |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/ewa-pajor-inspires-bar-convincing-180000026.html |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> == International career == At de European Under-17 Championship dem hold insyd June 2013, togeda plus de Polish U-17 team she win de gold medal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2013 |title=Ewa Pajor okrzyknięta polskim Messim – Piłka nożna – Przegladsportowy.pl |url=http://pilka-nozna.przegladsportowy.pl/Pilka-nozna-Ewa-Pajor-okrzyknieta-polskim-Messim,artykul,174538,1,279.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014125253/http://pilka-nozna.przegladsportowy.pl/Pilka-nozna-Ewa-Pajor-okrzyknieta-polskim-Messim,artykul,174538,1,279.html |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> On 9 October, na dem award am de UEFA Under-17 Golden Player Award for de best under-17 player insyd Europe. She make ein debut insyd de senior Polish national team under coach Wojciech Basiuk, insyd de match between Poland den de Czech Republic, as part of de Balaton Cup friendly tournament insyd Hungary, on 20 August 2013. Pajor check insyd on de field only insyd de 75th minute, buh insyd de minute after entering she win a penalty kick, wey Patrycja Pożerska score. Insyd de 84th minute, Pajor score.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PKO Ekstraklasa |url=https://www.sport.pl/pilka/0,65039.html |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=Sport.pl |language=pl}}</ref> She take part insyd de 4 to 11 March 2015 competition for de Istria Cup insyd Croatia, wich she win first place plus ein team insyd de final against Slovakia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2015 |title=Poland – "Istria cup" 2015. |url=http://www.istriacup2015.com/poland.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308114231/http://www.istriacup2015.com/poland.html |archive-date=8 March 2015 |access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> On 6 September 2022, after scoring three goals against de Kosovo national team, Pajor cam be de most effective scorer insyd de history of de Polish national team, ahead of previous record-holder Marta Otrębska.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Wirtualna Polska |date=7 September 2022 |title=To już najlepsza strzelczyni w historii reprezentacji Polski. Ewa Pajor pobiła rekord |url=https://sportowefakty.wp.pl/pilka-nozna/1019612/to-juz-najlepsza-strzelczyni-w-historii-reprezentacji-polski-ewa-pajor-pobila-re |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203045745/https://sportowefakty.wp.pl/pilka-nozna/1019612/to-juz-najlepsza-strzelczyni-w-historii-reprezentacji-polski-ewa-pajor-pobila-re |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=sportowefakty.wp.pl |language=pl}}</ref> Pajor captain Poland at de UEFA Euro 2025, Poland ein first appearance at de Euros.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 July 2025 |title=Ewa Pajor zabrała głos po historycznej wygranej na Euro. "Na tym będziemy się skupiać" |url=https://przegladsportowy.onet.pl/pilka-nozna/pilka-nozna-kobiet/pajor-zabrala-glos-po-historycznej-wygranej-na-tym-bedziemy-sie-skupiac/flnrh2z |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=przegladsportowy.onet.pl |language=pl}}</ref> On 12 July, she score ein first goal at a major tournament insyd a 3–2 group stage win over Denmark.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ewa Pajor strzela dla Polski na EURO! Biało-Czerwone wygrały z Danią [WIDEO] › FCBarca.com |url=https://www.fcbarca.com/127763-ewa-pajor-strzela-dla-polski-na-euro-bialo-czerwone-wygraly-z-dania-wideo.html |access-date=12 July 2025 |website=FCBarca.com |language=pl}}</ref> 3ut3zhhud8udu7nh4zq8i3iqcorf62s Vicky López 0 29254 109177 2026-08-06T11:22:28Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367111194|Vicky López]]" 109177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victoria López Serrano Felix''' (; born 26 July 2006) be a Spanish professional footballer wey dey play as an attacking midfielder den a winger give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national team. López begin ein club career insyd de youth sections of Madrid CFF insyd 2015, wer she stand out as one of de best young female prospects insyd Spain. She make ein debut insyd Liga F at age 15, becoming de youngest-ever player insyd Spain ein top women's division. She later move to [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] insyd 2022, wer she break multiple club records secof ein age, she be de youngest player to debut give FC Barcelona women's team, to play insyd de Champions League give any FC Barcelona team, wey she debut den score insyd a ''Clásico'' (women's anas men's). Plus Barcelona, she win two league titles, two Supercopa de España titles, one Copa de la Reina title, den two UEFA Women's Champions League titles, as well as two Spanish second division league titles plus Barcelona ein reserve team. As part of Spain ein youth national teams since 2021, López find success plus Spain ein under-17 team, finishing runner-up insyd de Under-17 Euro insyd both 2022 den 2023, den winning de 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. Insyd dis competition, dem award am de Golden Ball trophy as de best player of de tournament. She make ein senior debut insyd 2024, becoming de youngest player to play give de Spain women's national football team. Insyd ein second appearance give Spain, dem win de 2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals. 9whstz5ndyuqp9pluce7qihyeeka7fq Aïcha Cámara 0 29255 109178 2026-08-06T11:47:43Z DaSupremo 9 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358684539|Aïcha Cámara]]" 109178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aïcha Cámara Cámara''' (born 11 December 2006) be a Spanish professional footballer wey dey play as a right-back give Liga F club [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] den de Spain national under-20 team. ijyg6v1vlv54khf8lw8banq1dh4dct5