Burundi

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    <title>Burundi</title>
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'''Burundi''' (/bəˈrʊndi/ (listen), /-ˈrʌn-/), alias '''Republic of Burundi''' (Kirundi: ''Repuburika y’Uburundi''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2018/07/03/6271/ &quot;Constitution de la République du Burundi promulguée le 07 juin 2018&quot;]. 3 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; [u.βu.ɾǔː.ndi]; Swahili: ''Jamuhuri ya Burundi''; French: ''République du Burundi'' [buʁundi, byʁyndi]), be sam landlocked country for Great Rift Valley insyd wey dey de junction between de African Great Lakes region den East Africa. Ebe border by [[Rwanda]] to de north, [[Tanzania]] to de east den southeast, den de [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] to de west; Lake Tanganyika dey lie along ein southwestern border. De capital cities be Gitega den Bujumbura, de latter be de country ein largest city.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103031/https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2019/02/13/loi-n104-du-04-fevrier-2019-portant-fixation-de-la-capitale-politique-et-de-la-capitale-economique-du-burundi/ &quot;Loi n°1/04 du 04 février 2019 portant Fixation de la Capitale Politique et de la Capitale Economique du Burundi&quot;]. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

Burundi remain primarily rural society, plus just 13.4% of de population dey live insyd urban areas for 2019 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210122232849/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ &quot;Burundi&quot;], ''The World Factbook'', Central Intelligence Agency, 31 January 2024, retrieved 5 February 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Burundi be densely populated, den chaw young people emigrate dey search of opportunities elsewhere. Roughly 85% of de population be of Hutu ethnic origin, 15% be Tutsi, den fewer dan 1% be Twa.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Burundi#Eggers|Eggers]], p. ix.&lt;/ref&gt; De official languages of Burundi be Kirundi, French, den English—Kirundi be officially dem recognise as de sole national language.&lt;ref&gt;Maurer, Sous la direction de Bruno (1 October 2016). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2OA9DQAAQBAJ&amp;q=langues+officielles+au+burundi+kirundi+fran%C3%A7ais+anglais&amp;pg=PA104 Les approches bi-plurilingues d'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26–27 mars 2015, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, France]''. Archives contemporaines. ISBN&amp;nbsp;&lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9782813001955|9782813001955]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180410203233/https://books.google.com/books?id=2OA9DQAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PA104&amp;ots=tFzjIGhvwU&amp;dq=langues+officielles+au+burundi+kirundi+fran%C3%A7ais+anglais&amp;hl=ru&amp;pg=PA104 Archived] from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018 &amp;#x2013; via Google Books.&lt;/ref&gt; Na dem make English official language for 2014 insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20140829-le-burundi-met-ordre-politique-linguistique &quot;Burundi: l'anglais officialisé aux côtés du français et du kirundi&quot;]. ''RFI'' (insyd French). 29 August 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

One of de smallest countries insyd Africa, dem dey use Burundi ein land mostly for subsistence agriculture den grazing, wey edey lead to deforestation, soil erosion, den habitat loss.&lt;ref&gt;Bermingham, Eldredge, Dick, Christopher W. and Moritz, Craig (2005). ''Tropical Rainforests: Past, Present, and Future''. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, p. 146. ISBN 0-226-04468-8&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2005, na de country be almost completely deforested. Na less dan 6% of ein land be cover by trees, den ova half of dat be for commercial plantations.&lt;ref&gt;Butler, Rhett A. (2006). [https://rainforests.mongabay.com/20burundi.htm &quot;Burundi&quot;]. ''Mongabay''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060505214856/https://rainforests.mongabay.com/20burundi.htm Archived] from the original on 5 May 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Burundi be de poorest country for de world insyd by nominal GDP per capita, wey ebe one of de least developed countries. Edey face widespread poverty, corruption, instability, authoritarianism, den illiteracy. De 2018 World Happiness Report rank de country as de world ein least happy plus rank of 156.&lt;ref&gt;Collinson, Patrick (14 March 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/14/finland-happiest-country-world-un-report &quot;Finland is the happiest country in the world, says UN report&quot;]. ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180314234610/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/14/finland-happiest-country-world-un-report Archived] from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Burundi be member of de [[African Union]], Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, United Nations, East African Community (EAC), den de Non-Aligned Movement.

=== Subdivisions ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Province
!Capital
!Area&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150714122552/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/burundi_ext.aspx &quot;Burundi: administrative units, extended&quot;]. GeoHive. Archived from [http://www.geohive.com/cntry/burundi_ext.aspx the original] on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 
!Population&lt;ref&gt;Law, Gwillim. [http://www.statoids.com/ubi.html &quot;Provinces of Burundi&quot;]. ''Statoids''. Retrieved 13 July 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
(2008 census)
!Density (per km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
!Communes
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |'''Eastern Burundi'''
|-
|Cankuzo
|Cankuzo
|1,964.54
|228,873
|116.5
|5
|-
|Gitega
|Gitega
|1,978.96
|725,223
|366.5
|11
|-
|Rutana
|Rutana
|1,959.45
|333,510
|170.2
|6
|-
|Ruyigi
|Ruyigi
|2,338.88
|400,530
|171.2
|7
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |'''Northern Burundi'''
|-
|Karuzi
|Karuzi
|1,457.40
|436,443
|299.5
|7
|-
|Kayanza
|Kayanza
|1,233.24
|585,412
|474.7
|9
|-
|Kirundo
|Kirundo
|1,703.34
|628,256
|368.8
|7
|-
|Muyinga
|Muyinga
|1,836.26
|632,409
|344.4
|7
|-
|Ngozi
|Ngozi
|1,473.86
|660,717
|448.3
|9
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |'''Southern Burundi'''
|-
|Bururi
|Bururi
|1,644.68
|313,102
|190.4
|6
|-
|Makamba
|Makamba
|1,959.60
|430,899
|219.9
|6
|-
|Rumonge
|Rumonge
|1,079.72
|352,026
|326.0
|5
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |'''Western Burundi'''
|-
|Bubanza
|Bubanza
|1,089.04
|338,023
|310.4
|5
|-
|Bujumbura Mairie
|Bujumbura
|86.52
|497,166
|5746.3
|13
|-
|Bujumbura Rural
|Isale
|1,059.84
|464,818
|438.6
|9
|-
|Cibitoke
|Cibitoke
|1,635.53
|460,435
|281.5
|6
|-
|Muramvya
|Muramvya
|695.52
|292,589
|420.7
|5
|-
|Mwaro
|Mwaro
|839.60
|273,143
|325.3
|6
|}
|}

== Demographics ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;10&quot; |


Largest cities anaa towns insyd Burundi

Source:&lt;ref&gt;[https://simplemaps.com/static/data/country-cities/bi/bi.xlsx &quot;Burundi Cities by Population&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!
!Rank
!Name
!Province
!Pop.
!
|-
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |
|1
|Bujumbura
|Bujumbura Mairie
|374,809
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |
|-
|2
|Gitega
|Gitega
|135,467
|-
|3
|Ngozi
|Ngozi
|39,884
|-
|4
|Rumonge
|Bururi
|35,931
|-
|5
|Cibitoke
|Cibitoke
|23,885
|-
|6
|Kayanza
|Kayanza
|21,767
|-
|7
|Bubanza
|Bubanza
|20,031
|-
|8
|Karuzi
|Karuzi
|10,705
|-
|9
|Kirundo
|Kirundo
|10,024
|-
|10
|Muyinga
|Muyinga
|9,609
|}

== References ==
[[Category:Burundi]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliography ==

* Eggers, Ellen K. (2006). ''Historical Dictionary of Burundi'' (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-8108-5302-7|0-8108-5302-7]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.
* Lemarchand, Rene (1996). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3d_r13a3IgMC&amp;pg=PR17 Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide]''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56623-0|978-0-521-56623-0]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.

== You fi read further ==

* Abdallah, Ahmedou Ould ''Burundi on the Brink, 1993–95: A UN Special Envoy Reflects on Preventive Diplomacy''
* Allen, J. A.; et al. (2003). ''Africa South of the Sahara 2004: South of the Sahara''. New York, New York: Taylor and Francis Group.  ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-85743-183-9|&lt;bdi&gt;1-85743-183-9&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]
* Bentley, Kristina and Southall, Roger ''An African Peace Process: Mandela, South Africa, and Burundi''
* Chrétien, Jean-Pierre ''The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History''
* Daley, Patricia ''Gender and Genocide in Burundi: The Search for Spaces of Peace in the Great Lakes Region''
* Gates, Henry Lewis; Anthony Appiah (1999). ''[[iarchive:africanaencyclop00appi|Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience]].'' New York, New York: Basic Civitas Books. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-465-00071-1|0-465-00071-1]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.
* Ewusi, Kale and Akwanga, Ebenezer ''Burundi's Negative Peace: The Shadow of a Broken Continent in the Era of Nepad''
* Jennings, Christian ''Across the Red River: Rwanda, Burundi and the Heart of Darkness''
* Kayoya, Michel ''My Father's Footsteps'' (''Sur les traces de mon père'') East African Publishing House, 1973
* Kayoya, Michel ''Entre deux mondes'' (Between two worlds) Lavigerie Éditeurs, Bujumbura: 1971. Kayoya was murdered during the 1972 genocide.
* Kidder, Tracy, ''Strength in What Remains'' (A biography of a Burundian immigrant to the US)
* Krueger, Robert; Kathleen Tobin Krueger (2007). ''From Bloodshed to Hope in Burundi: Our Embassy Years during Genocide''. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71486-1|978-0-292-71486-1]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.
* Melady, Thomas Patrick ''Burundi: The Tragic Years''
* Nivonzima, David and Fendell, Len ''Unlocking Horns: Forgiveness and Reconciliation in Burundi''
* Uvin, Peter ''Life After Violence: A People's Story of Burundi''
* Watt, Nigel ''Burundi: The Biography of a Small African Country''
* Weinstein, Warren (2006). ''Historical Dictionary of Burundi''. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-8108-0962-1|0-8108-0962-1]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.1st. edition.

== External links ==

* Records of [https://web.archive.org/web/20230808155412/https://search.archives.un.org/united-nations-international-commission-of-inquiry-for-burundi-unicib-1995-1996 the United Nations International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (UNICIB) (1995–1996)]  at the United Nations Archives
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180420053748/http://www.burundi.gov.bi/ Official Burundi government website] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121204213713/http://justice.gov.bi/ Official Website of the Ministry of Justice of Burundi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110813050117/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-b/burundi.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210122232849/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ Burundi]. ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]''. [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090523153822/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/burundi.htm Burundi] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13085064 Burundi] from the [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=BI Key Development Forecasts for Burundi] from [[:en:International_Futures|International Futures]]
[[Category:Central African countries]]
[[Category:East African countries]]
[[Category:Countries den territories wer English be official language]]
[[Category:French-speaking countries den territories]]
[[Category:Landlocked countries]]
[[Category:Least developed countries]]
[[Category:Member states of de Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]]
[[Category:Member states of de United Nations]]
[[Category:Member states of de African Union]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:States and territories dem establish insyd 1962]]
[[Category:Swahili-speaking countries den territories]]
[[Category:1962 establishments insyd Burundi]]
[[Category:Countries for Africa insyd]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Africa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abeiku Crentsil</title>
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'''Abeiku Crentsil''' be [[Ghana|Ghanaian]] politician den member of de Eighth Parliament of de Fourth Republic of Ghana wey he dey rep de Ekumfi Constituency insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]] of Ghana on de ticket of de National Democratic Congress.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240927064636/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=2618 &quot;Ghana MPs - MP Details - Crentsil, Abeiku&quot;]. ''www.ghanamps.com''. Retrieved 29 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life den education ==
Dem born Abeiku on 28 March 1973 wey he dey hail from Ekumfi Essuehyiam insyd de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]] of Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He attend National Engineering College insyd Takoradi where he obtain Construction Technician I insyd 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Politics ==
He be member of National Democratic Congress.&lt;ref&gt;[https://citinewsroom.com/2019/08/full-list-of-winners-and-losers-at-ndc-parliamentary-primaries/ &quot;Full list of winners and losers at NDC parliamentary primaries&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 26 August 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; He be committee member of Selection.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/regional/Ekumfi-MP-renders-account-339007 &quot;Ekumfi MP renders account&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 13 December 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2016 elections ===
Insyd de 2016 Ghanaian general elections, he lose de Ekumfi Constituency parliamentary seat give de [[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] parliamentary candidate Francis Kingsley Ato Codjoe.&lt;ref&gt;Boateng, Kojo Akoto (8 December 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221130173907/https://citifmonline.com/2016/12/ghelections-mills-ekumfi-constituency-falls-to-npp/ &quot;#GhElections: Mills' Ekumfi constituency falls to NPP&quot;]. ''Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always''. Retrieved 30 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; He lose with 11,632 votes wey edey make 47.6% of de total votes cast whilst Francis get 12,240 votes wey edey make 50.1% of de total votes cast, de PPP parliamentary candidate Stephen Quansah get 505 votes wey edey make 2.1% of de total votes cast den de CPP parliamentary candidate Kweku Essuoun get 70 votes wey edey make 0.3% of de total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;FM, Peace. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230503121036/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/ekumfi/ &quot;2016 Election - Ekumfi Constituency Results&quot;]. ''Ghana Elections - Peace FM''. Retrieved 30 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 elections ===
Insyd de 2020 Ghanaian general elections, he win de Ekumfi Constituency parliamentary seat with 16,037 wey edey make 53.6% of de total votes cast whilst de NPP parliamentary candidate Francis Kingsley Ato Codjoe get 13,468 votes wey edey make 45.0% for de total votes cast, de GUM parliamentary candidate Regina Amoah get 371 votes wey edey make 1.2% for de total votes cast den de CPP parliamentary candidate Ibrahim Anderson get 48 votes wey edey make 0.2% of de total votes cast.&lt;ref&gt;FM, Peace. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230503121218/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/ekumfi/ &quot;2020 Election - Ekumfi Constituency Results&quot;]. ''Ghana Elections - Peace FM''. Retrieved 30 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/central-region/ekumfi/ &quot;Ekumfi – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report&quot;]. Retrieved 30 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=85 &quot;Parliamentary Results for Ekumfi&quot;]. ''www.ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Committees ===
He be de Deputy Ranking member for de Privileges Committee&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20221130173839/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-members-of-the-all-male-Privileges-Committee-of-Parliament-1508732 &quot;Meet members of the 'all male' Privileges Committee of Parliament&quot;]. ''GhanaWeb''. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; den san be member of de Lands and Forestry Committee.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230425131941/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=23 &quot;Parliament of Ghana&quot;]. ''www.parliament.gh''. Retrieved 29 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Employment ==
He be de Head of Bio-fuel Solutions at Land Acquisition den Survey from 2007 to 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Starrfm.com.gh (22 August 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230817173025/https://starrfm.com.gh/2017/08/stop-the-propaganda-1-d-1-f-is-a-serious-business-govt/ &quot;Stop the propaganda; 1-D-1-F is a serious business – Gov't&quot;]. ''Starr Fm''. Retrieved 17 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; He be Development Worker/Architect/Quantity Surveyor.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Personal life ==
He marry wey he get four kiddies. He be Christian (Methodist).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== References ==
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2013–2017]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2021–2025]]
[[Category:National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians]]
[[Category:Ghanaian Methodists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:21st-century Ghanaian politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians wey komot Central Region (Ghana)]]</text>
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De '''University of Botswana''' ('''UB''') na dem establish am insyd 1982, as de first institution of higher education insyd [[Botswana]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswanaembassy.or.jp/science.php?La=E&amp;Show=2 &quot;Education | EMBASSY OF BOTSWANA, JAPAN&quot;]. ''www.botswanaembassy.or.jp''. Retrieved 25 May 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; De varsity currently get three campuses: one insyd de capital city [[Gaborone]], one insyd Francistown, den anoda insyd Maun. Dem divide de University of Botswana go six faculties: Business, Education, Engineering, Humanities, Health Sciences, Science den Social Sciences den de Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital. Dem rank UB 1201–1500 for de world insyd den 21st insyd sub-Saharan Africa for de 2024 Times Higher Education World University Ranking insyd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-botswana &quot;THE rankings :: University of Botswana&quot;]. Retrieved 24 February 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== History ==
UB begin as part of larger university system dem know as '''UBBS''', anaa de '''University of Bechuanaland (Botswana), Basotoland (Lesotho), and Swaziland'''; wich na dem found insyd 1964 make e reduce de three countries dema reliance for tertiary education for apartheid-era [[South Africa]] insyd. 

After Botswana den [[Lesotho]] cam turn independent insyd 1966, na dem dey bell de varsity de University of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland (UBLS). Insyd 1975 Lesotho withdraw from de partnership wey e establish ein own national varsity. For several years joint University of Botswana and Swaziland exist til insyd de early 1980s dem amicably divide de varsity go two separate national varsities. Na ebe de tym of Lesotho ein initial withdrawal wey Botswana, na ebe among de poorest nations for de world insyd, dem start de ''One Man, One Beast'' (motho le motho kgomo) movement. Dis fundraising campaign dem formally know am as de Botswana University Campus Appeal (BUCA) wey na de late Presido Sir Seretse Khama spearhead am for 1976 insyd. Na dem launch de campaign make e raise money give de construction of de Botswana Campus of de University of Botswana and Swaziland.

BUCA follow insyd de wake of unilateral nationalisation of joint-university campus facility insyd Roma by de Lesotho government. Batswana (People of Botswana) den oda stakeholders make contributions of all types (wey dey include cash, cattle, grain, eggs, etc.) towards make e dey accomplish de set target of one million rand. By 1982, de University of Botswana cam turn reality den remain de oldest institution of higher education for de country insyd. De ''One Man, One Beast'' (motho le motho kgomo) movement dey endure today for de varsity ein main statue wey dey locate for de front of de fresh library.&lt;ref&gt;Mokopakgosi, Brian T. (22 May 2008). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03057070802037977 &quot;Self-reliance and the History of Higher Education: The Botswana University Campus Appeal (BUCA)*&quot;]. ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''34''' (2): 293–304. doi:[[doi:10.1080/03057070802037977|10.1080/03057070802037977]]. S2CID&amp;nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144141224 144141224].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Administration ==
[[File:GABS-UB_Courtyard.JPG|thumb|UB Library]]
De Presido anaa Vice Pee of Botswana dey serve as de Chancellor of de varsity.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ub.bw/newsdet/nid/4290/Vice-President-Masisi-appointed-UB-Chancellor/ &quot;Vice President Masisi appointed UB Chancellor&quot;]. ''University of Botswana''. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ub.bw/about.cfm?pid=551&amp;m=206 &quot;Welcome to University Of Botswana :: Home Page&quot;]. ''www.ub.bw''. Retrieved 16 September 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; De top administrator for campus top be de Vice Chancellor. Der be five Vice Chancellors of de varsity:

* 1982–1984: John Turner,
* 1984–1998: Thomas Tlou,
* 1998–2003: Sharon Siverts,
* 2003–2011: Bojosi Otlhogile,
* 2011–2017: Thabo Fako&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ub.bw/content/id/2017/University-Council/ &quot;Welcome to University Of Botswana :: University Council&quot;]. ''www.ub.bw''. Retrieved 16 September 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017–present: Prof. David Norris&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ub.bw/about-ub/news/professor-norris-appointed-sixth-ub-vice-chancellor &quot;Professor Norris appointed sixth UB Vice Chancellor | University of Botswana&quot;]. ''www.ub.bw''. Retrieved 27 July 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Student life ==
Chaw students dey live for campus top insyd residence halls.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ub.bw/campus_details.cfm?pid=529 &quot;Welcome to University Of Botswana :: Home Page&quot;]. ''www.ub.bw''. Retrieved 16 September 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;  Dem dey serve students wey dey live insyd de residence halls meals for campus refectories top.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ub.bw/campus_details.cfm?pid=247&amp;m=144 &quot;Welcome to University Of Botswana :: Home Page&quot;]. ''www.ub.bw''. Retrieved 16 September 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Campus amenities, dey include Olympic-sized swimming pool, entertainment arena, den sports courts (basketball, tennis, handball, netball den volleyball). De varsity dey adjacent to de National Stadium, wey be available give university use. De practice fields outside de stadium be de location give university intramural sports.

De varsity dey provide free medical clinic den counseling services.

== Faculties den Departments ==

=== Faculty of Business ===
De faculty dey offer five degrees:

* Bachelor of Accountancy (BAcc)
* Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in Management
* Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in Marketing
* Bachelor of Information Systems (BIS)
* Bachelor of Finance
* Master of Business Administration (MBA)

=== Faculty of Education ===

=== Faculty of Engineering ===

=== Faculty of Humanities ===

=== Faculty of Science ===

=== Faculty of Social Science ===

=== School of Medicine ===
[[File:The_wall_of_knowledge_at_the_University_of_Botswana.jpg|thumb|De Wall of Knowledge.]]

== Global Partnerships ==
De University of Botswana dey maintain numerous global partnerships make e facilitate research cooperation den study exchanges. International exchange partners dey include:

'''United States'''

* University of California (University of California Education Abroad Program)&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240522134538/https://uceap.universityofcalifornia.edu/study-abroad-in-botswana?f&amp;#91;0&amp;#93;=country:45 &quot;Study Abroad in Botswana | UCEAP&quot;]. ''uceap.universityofcalifornia.edu''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
* University of Pennsylvania (Botswana-UPenn Partnership for healthcare improvement)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.med.upenn.edu/botswana/about.html &quot;Our Mission | Botswana-UPenn Partnership | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania&quot;]. ''www.med.upenn.edu''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
* University of Texas at Austin
* Georgetown University&lt;ref&gt;Engagement, Office of the Vice President for Global. [https://global.georgetown.edu/activities/study-abroad-in-gaborone-botswana-arts-and-sciences-university-of-botswana-council-on-international-educational-exchange &quot;Study Abroad in Gaborone, Botswana: Arts and Sciences - University of Botswana/Council on International Educational Exchange&quot;]. ''global.georgetown.edu''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

* University of Kansas&lt;ref&gt;[https://studyabroad.ku.edu/university-botswana &quot;University of Botswana&quot;]. ''studyabroad.ku.edu''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Augustana College&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240327205428/https://augustana.edu/academics/core/study-abroad/semester/botswana &quot;University of Botswana Exchange in Gaborone, Botswana | Augustana College&quot;]. ''augustana.edu''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Indiana University&lt;ref&gt;[https://africanstudies.indiana.edu/undergraduate/study-abroad/botswana.html &quot;Gaborone, Botswana&quot;]. ''African Studies Program''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
* University of Alabama&lt;ref&gt;[https://apply.studyabroad.ua.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram&amp;Program_ID=11468 &quot;CIEE Arts and Sciences Program in Gaborone, Botswana&quot;]. ''Education Abroad''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
* University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign&lt;ref&gt;[https://app.studyabroad.illinois.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgramAngular&amp;id=11030 &quot;Programs-Study Abroad Administration&quot;]. ''app.studyabroad.illinois.edu''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
* University of Minnesota&lt;ref&gt;[https://umabroad.umn.edu/programs/africa/isep-botswana &quot;ISEP Botswana | Learning Abroad Center&quot;]. ''umabroad.umn.edu''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Florida State University&lt;ref&gt;[https://globalexchanges.fsu.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgramAngular&amp;id=27974 &quot;Programs &gt; Global Exchanges&quot;]. ''globalexchanges.fsu.edu''. Retrieved 29 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Europe'''

* University College Maastricht at Maastricht University (Netherlands)
* University of Tübingen&lt;ref&gt;[https://uni-tuebingen.de/international/studieren-im-ausland/wege-ins-ausland/aussereuropaeischer-austausch/afrika/partneruniversitaeten/ &quot;Partneruniversitäten | Universität Tübingen&quot;]. ''uni-tuebingen.de''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Germany)
* Goethe University Frankfurt&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wiwi.uni-frankfurt.de/international/studieren-im-ausland/partnerhochschulen/weltweit.html &quot;Weltweit&quot;]. ''Fachbereich 02 - Wirtschaftswissenschaften'' (insyd German). 21 November 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Germany)
* University of Potsdam&lt;ref&gt;Brodersen, Dr phil Silke. [https://www.uni-potsdam.de/en/international/profile/partnerships/university-partnerships &quot;University Partnerships&quot;]. ''www.uni-potsdam.de''. Retrieved 29 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Germany)
* University of Giessen&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.uni-giessen.de/de/internationales/internationale-abkommen/alle &quot;Alle Abkommen (ohne Erasmus+)&quot;]. ''Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen'' (insyd German). Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Germany)
* University of Bremen&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.uni-bremen.de/erasmus/erasmus-internationale-dimension &quot;ERASMUS+ Internationale Dimension - Universität Bremen&quot;]. ''www.uni-bremen.de'' (in German). Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Germany)
* Technical University of Dortmund&lt;ref&gt;[https://international.tu-dortmund.de/outgoings/auslandsstudium/uebersee-austauschprogramm/ &quot;Übersee Austauschprogramm&quot;]. ''TU Dortmund'' (insyd German). Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Germany)
* University of Koblenz and Landau&lt;ref&gt;Redaktion (1 June 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522024050/https://blog.uni-koblenz-landau.de/afrika-hautnah-erleben-ein-auslandssemester-in-botswana/ &quot;Afrika hautnah erleben: Ein Auslandssemester in Botswana&quot;]. ''Blog der Universität Koblenz · Landau'' (in German). Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Germany)
* Technical University of Kaiserslautern&lt;ref&gt;[https://ksw.rptu.de/abt/anglistik/studium-lehre/internationales-studieren/austauschprogramme &quot;Austauschprogramme - FB Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften RPTU&quot;]. ''ksw.rptu.de''. Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Germany)
* Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt&lt;ref&gt;Ingolstadt, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-. [https://www.ku.de/ggf/studiengaenge/master-internationale-beziehungen-mib/mib-auslandssemester/auslandssemester-von-mib-studierenden &quot;Auslandssemester von MIB Studierenden&quot;]. ''Katholische Universität Eichstätt - Ingolstadt'' (insyd German). Retrieved 27 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Germany)
'''Asia-Pacific'''
* Kyoto University&lt;ref&gt;[https://iafp.africa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/student-exchange-program-a/ &quot;About the Student Exchange Program A&quot;]. ''京都大学アフリカ世界展開力プロジェクト''. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Japan)
* Tokyo University of Foreign Studies&lt;ref&gt;[https://iafp.africa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/student-exchange-program-a/ &quot;About the Student Exchange Program A&quot;]. ''京都大学アフリカ世界展開力プロジェクト''. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Japan)
* Akita University&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.akita-u.ac.jp/icremer/eng/eventa/item_pro_8.html &quot;秋田大学国際資源学教育研究センター｜国立大学法人　秋田大学&quot;]. ''www.akita-u.ac.jp''. Retrieved 29 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Japan)
* Ritsumeikan University (Japan)
* Jiangsu University&lt;ref&gt;[https://eng.ujs.edu.cn/Collaboration/Sister_Universities.htm &quot;Sister Universities-Home--Jiangsu University&quot;]. ''eng.ujs.edu.cn''. Retrieved 29 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (China)
* Victoria University of Wellington&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/other-quals/study-abroad-and-exchange/overview &quot;Victoria University of Wellington&quot;]. ''www.wgtn.ac.nz''. Retrieved 29 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (New Zealand)
* University of Adelaide&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ub.bw/news/ub-university-adelaide-pen-mou &quot;UB, University of Adelaide Pen MoU | University of Botswana&quot;]. ''www.ub.bw''. Retrieved 29 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (Australia)
'''Africa'''

* Rhodes University&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ru.ac.za/internationalisation/students/exchangeandstudyabroad/ &quot;ERASMUS+&quot;]. ''www.ru.ac.za''. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; (South Africa)
* Tshwane University of Technology (South Africa)
* University of Zambia ([[Zambia]])

== Notable alumni ==

* Seretse Khama Ian Khama - former Presido of de Republic of Botswana
* Bogolo Kenewendo - Botswana economist den politician, wey serve as de Cabinet Minister of Investment, Trade and Industry, insyd de Cabinet of Botswana
* Mokgweetsi Masisi - fifth Presido of de Republic of Botswana
* Patricia McFadden - Swazi author, Professor of Sociology, den African radical feminist
* Linah Moholo - former Governor of de Bank of Botswana den Chancellor of de University of Botswana
* Siyanda Mohutsiwa - Botswana writer den media personality
* Athaliah Molokomme - first female attorney general of Botswana den women’s rights activist
* Sanji Mmasenono Monageng - former vice pee of de International Criminal Court (ICC)
* Beatrice Mtetwa - Zimbabwean human rights lawyer
* Naledi Pandor - South African Minister of International Relations den Cooperation
* Bridgette Radebe - South African businesswoman
* Phandu Skelemani - Speaker of de National Assembly of Botswana den former Minister of Foreign Affairs
* Goabaone Taylor - accountant den sports administrator
* Slumber Tsogwane - 9th Vice Pee of Botswana
* Ellinah Wamukoya - former Bishop of Swaziland den first female Bishop in Africa

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Read further ==

* Mokopakgosi, B. T. (2013). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2013.796737 &quot;Why the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland Failed: Lessons from the brief history of a regional university in southern Africa&quot;]. ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''39''' (2): 465–480. doi:[[doi:10.1080/03057070.2013.796737|10.1080/03057070.2013.796737]]. ISSN [[issn:1465-3893|1465-3893]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144529308 144529308].

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.ub.bw/ Official website]
* [http://www.thuto.org/ubh/ History Department site] (separate)
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:University of Botswana]]
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[[Category:Education insyd Gaborone]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saud Al-Shuraim</title>
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'''Saud ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Shuraim''' (born 19 January 1966),'''&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 April 2022 |title=Who's Who: Dr. Saud bin Ibrahim Al-Shuraim, former imam at the Grand Mosque in Makkah |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2060126/saudi-arabia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917084503/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2060126/saudi-arabia |archive-date=2024-09-17 |access-date=February 5, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' be a Saudi Quran reciter, Islamic scholar, den former imam den khatib (Friday preacher) of de [[Masjid al-Haram]] insyd [[Mecca]]. He obtain a PhD insyd Islamic jurisprudence from Umm al-Qura University, wey na dem recently appoint am as dean den specialist professor insyd Fiqh at University Bakri bin Ma'tooq.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Staff |date=2022-01-14 |title=Saud Al-Shuraim - Biography, Age, Facts, Family, Son, Wife |url=https://barakahinsider.com/saud-al-shuraim/ |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=Barakah Insider |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shuraim use to lead de [[Tarawih]] prayers during de month of [[Ramadan]] at Masjid al-Haram dey begin insyd 1991.On 17 June 2012, he sanso lead de funeral prayer for Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz at de mosque dey follow de Maghrib (sunset) prayer,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World leaders express grief as Crown Prince Naif laid to rest &amp;#124; Front Page &amp;#124; Saudi Gazette |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method%3Dhome.regcon%26contentid%3D20120618127306 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925133807/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&amp;contentid=20120618127306 |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |access-date=July 1, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; an event wey King Abdullah den members of de Saudi royal family attend.

== Ein life matter  ==

Na dem born Shuraim on 19 January 1966 insyd Riyadh, [[Saudi Arabia]]. Ein family be from de Haraqees of de Banu Zayd tribe of Saudi Arabia.&lt;ref name=&quot;life&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Steve |date=28 May 2015 |title=Un-Known Facts about Imam Saud ash Shuraim |url=https://lifeinsaudiarabia.net/un-known-facts-about-imam-saud-as/ |access-date=13 April 2021 |website=lifeinsaudiarabia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Insyd an interview plus de ''Al Watan'' newspaper, wen dem biz am about ein wifey ein role insyd ein success, Shuraim state:

{{blockquote|text=Before I say something about my wife, I can't forget my mother's love and mercy for me in my childhood and youth as well; As she raised me in orphanage in childhood... her love is a tonic for me. May Allah shower His mercy upon her as she did with me when I was a child.&lt;br /&gt;
And as for my wife, she has proven herself to be the best companion for me in happiness and sorrow, she is there when I need her, cheers me up, and tries her best to lighten my sorrows. May Allah include this in her good deeds.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showthread.php?37858-Interview-with-Sheikh-Saud-As-Shuraim-imam-and-Khateeb-Of-Masjid-Al-Haram-Makkah Translation of Short Interview with al-Watan newspaper]&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Education ==

Al-Shuraim receive ein early education insyd Riyadh, wer he attend Areen Elementary School, de Model Intermediate School, den Al-Yarmouk Secondary School. During ein late teenage years insyd de 1980s, he memorize de Quran insyd approximately six months, reportedly widout formal instruction.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mati |date=2023-03-30 |title=Biography of Sheikh Saud Al Shuraim |url=https://dnd.com.pk/biography-of-sheikh-saud-al-shuraim/286904/ |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=Dispatch news Desk |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Higher education ===
Insyd 1984, he enroll insyd de Department of Islamic Creed and Contemporary Doctrines at de College of Fundamentals of Religion, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, from wich he graduate plus a bachelor’s degree insyd 1988. He continue ein studies at de Supreme Judicial Institute of de same university, wey he obtain a master’s degree insyd comparative jurisprudence insyd 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

=== Doctorate den academic career ===
Insyd 1995, Al-Shuraim earn a PhD in Islamic jurisprudence from Umm al-Qura University insyd [[Mecca]] for ein thesis on Imam Abu Mansur al-Kirmani ein book ''Paths in the Rituals''. After he plete ein doctorate, he join Umm al-Qura University as a lecturer, he later cam be vice dean of de Faculty of Sharia. He remain insyd academic service til ein retirement insyd 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [https://play.google.com/store/music/album/Saoud_Shuraim_The_Holy_Quran_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85?id=Bj44ivil7rnd4axdvplos47rbli Quran recitation by Saoud al-Shuraim on Google Play (free listening and free download)]
* [http://www.haramain.info/search/label/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%20-%20Sheikh%20Shuraim?max-results=5 haramainrecordings.com] - Recent recordings (audio / video) of Sa'ud al-Shuraim from [[Masjid al-Haram]]
* [http://www.shuraym.com shuraym.com] - Unofficial Website of Imam al-Shuraim
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230506032143/https://freequranmp3.com/shuraim/ Download Sheikh Sa'ud al-Shuraim's recitation of al-Quran in mp3 format]
{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:Muslim scholars of Islamic jurisprudence]]
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[[Category:20th-century imams]]
[[Category:21st-century imams]]
[[Category:Umm al-Qura University alumni]]
[[Category:Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Umm al-Qura University]]
[[Category:People wey komot Riyadh]]
[[Category:Imams of Masjid al-Haram]]
[[Category:Imams of two holy Mosques]]
[[Category:2026 Wiki Dey Love Ramadan Contributions]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rose Osuji</title>
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'''Rose Uzoma Osuji''' (born 1947) be Nigerian physicist. She be professor of physics for University of Nigeria, wer she start de nanotechnology research group. Ein research interest dey include solar energy den materials science.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://aasciences.africa/fellows/rose-osuji Prof Rose Osuji]&quot;. ''The African Academy of Sciences''. Retrieved 2015-10-19.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Life ==
Osuji serve as head of de university Department of Physics den Astronomy from 2006 to 2008, den again from 2012 to 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;goroseway&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=About Prof. Osuji |url=https://www.goroseway.org/about-prof-osuji/ |access-date=2015-10-19 |website=Go Rose Way}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2018, Osuji announce say University of Nigeria go partner plus one oil service company wey dem call Oilserv to set up African Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Research and Application.&lt;ref&gt;Mbadiwe Okwo (July 17, 2018). &quot;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/scientists-gather-at-unn-for-nanotechnology/ Scientists gather at UNN for nanotechnology]&quot;. ''[[:en:Vanguard_(Nigeria)|Vanguard]]''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2015-10-19.&lt;/ref&gt; 

For 2022, Osuji get inducted as Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://aasciences.africa/fellows/rose-osuji Prof Rose Osuji]&quot;. ''The African Academy of Sciences''. Retrieved 2015-10-19.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Assumpta Chinwe Nwanya; Iheke Michael Nwachukwu (December 9, 2024). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260511154420/https://authorityngr.com/2024/12/09/celebrating-the-legacy-of-prof-rose-uzoma-osuji-a-trailblazer-in-science-leadership-and-education/ Celebrating the Legacy of Prof. Rose Uzoma Osuji: A Trailblazer in Science, Leadership, and Education]&quot;. ''The Authority''. Retrieved 2015-10-19.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Osuji, Rose}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Nigerian people]]
[[Category:Nigerian physicists]]
[[Category:Nigerian women physicists]]
[[Category:Nanotechnologists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of de University of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Fellows of de African Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:University of Nigeria alumni]]</text>
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    <title>Lake Tana</title>
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'''Lake Tana''' (Amharic: ጣና ሐይቅ, romanized: T’ana ḥāyik’i; previously dem transcribe as '''Tsana{{sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}}''') be de largest lake for [[Ethiopia]] insyd den a source of de [[Blue Nile]]. Wey dem locate am for Amhara Region insyd for de north-western Ethiopian Highlands insyd, de lake be approximately {{convert|84|km|mi|abbr=off}} long den {{convert|66|km|mi|abbr=off}} wide, plus a maximum depth of {{convert|15|m|ft|abbr=off}},&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia |year=1967–1968}}&lt;/ref&gt; den an elevation of {{convert|1788|m|ft|abbr=off}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=Lake Tana, source of the Blue Nile |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Lake_Tana_source_of_the_Blue_Nile |access-date=4 November 2013 |work=Observing the Earth |publisher=European Space Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt; De Gilgel Abay, Reb den Gumara rivers feed Lake Tana. Ein surface area dey range from {{convert|3000|to|3500|km2|mi2|abbr=off}}, wey dey depend for season den rainfall top. Dem regulate de lake level since de construction of de control weir wey de lake dey discharge into de Blue Nile. Dis dey control de flow to de Blue Nile Falls (Tis Abbai) den hydro-power station.    

For 2015 insyd, dem nominate Lake Tana region as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve wey dey recognize ein national den international natural den cultural importance.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210702215353/https://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ Homepage of Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ovaview ==
[[File:Lake Tana, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Views ova Lake Tana]]
[[File:Island Church (2401612298).jpg|thumb|De Island Church for Lake Tana top]]
[[File:Zege Peninsula Tour Guide.jpg|thumb|A local tour guide dey demonstrate how a stone dey struck to signal meal times at a monastery for Zege Peninsula top]]
[[File:Blue Nile.jpg|thumb|left|Beginning of de [[Blue Nile]] river by ein outlet from Lake Tana]]
[[File:BahirDarResort.jpg|thumb|A resort hotel for Lake Tana top for Bahir Dar insyd]]

Volcanic activity form Lake Tana, wey block de flow of rivers wey dey inflow for de early Pleistocene insyd, about 5 million years ago.&lt;ref name=&quot;springer&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Vijverberg |first1=Jacobus |title=The Nile |last2=Sibbing |first2=Ferdinand A. |last3=Dejen |first3=Eshete |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=163–192 |chapter=Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9726-3_9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De lake be originally much larger dan e dey today. Seven large permanent rivers dey feed de lake as well as 40 small seasonal rivers. De main tributaries to de lake be Gilgel Abbay (Little Nile River), den de Megech, Gumara, den Rib rivers.&lt;ref name=&quot;springer&quot; /&gt;  

Lake Tana get a number of islands, wey number dey vary plus de lake ein level. E fell about {{convert|6|ft|m}} for de last 400 years insyd. According to Manuel de Almeida, a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] missionary for de early 17th century insyd, der be 21 islands, seven anaa eight of wey get monasteries for dem top &quot;formerly large, but rydee diminish much.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beckham&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Beckham |first1=C. F. |title=Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646 |last2=Huntingford |first2=G. W. B. |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]] |year=1954 |series=Series 2 |location=London |page=35 and note |number=107}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Wen James Bruce visit de area for 1771 insyd, he note dat de locals wey dem count 45 islands wey dem inhabit, but state he believe dat &quot;de number go fi be about eleven.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Beckham&quot; /&gt; Anton Stecker, for 1881 insyd, make a detailed examination of de lake, wey e enable substantially accurate maps,{{sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}} den dem count 44 islands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hayes |first=A.J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h742AAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA73 |title=The Source of the Blue Nile: A Record of a Journey Through the Soudan to Lake Tsana in Western Abyssinia, and of the Return to Egypt by the Valley of the Atbara |publisher=Smith, Elder &amp; Company |year=1905 |page=73 |access-date=28 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A 20th-century geographer name 37 islands, of wey he believe 19 have anaa had monasteries anaa churches for dem top.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beckham&quot; /&gt;       

Dem keep remains of ancient Ethiopian emperors den treasures of Ethiopic Christianity for de isolated island monasteries (wey dey include Kebran Gabriel, Ura Kidane Mehret, Narga Selassie, Daga Estifanos, Medhane Alem of Rema Island, Kota Maryam, den Mertola Maryam). For de island of Tana Qirqos top be a rock wey dem show to Paul B. Henze, for wey dem tell am Mary, mother of Jesus rest for ein journey back from [[Egypt]]; dem sanso tell am say Frumentius, wey introduce Christianity to Ethiopia, be &quot;allegedly buried for Tana Cherqos top.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Henze |first=Paul B. |author-link=Paul B. Henze |title=Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia |url=https://archive.org/details/layersoftimehist0000henz |publisher=Palgrave |year=2000 |isbn=978-0312227197 |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/layersoftimehist0000henz/page/73 73]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem inter de body of Yekuno Amlak for de monastery of St. Stephen insyd for Daga Island top. Emperors wey tombs sanso be for Daga top dey include Dawit I, Zara Yaqob, Za Dengel, den Fasilides. Oda important islands for Lake Tana insyd dey include Dek, Mitraha, Gelila Zakarias, Halimun den Briguida.             

Dem believe dem already build monasteries during de Middle Ages ova earlier religious sites. Dem dey include de fourteenth-century Debre Maryam, den de eighteenth-century Narga Selassie, Tana Qirqos, wey dem say dem already house de Ark of de Covenant before dem move am to Axum, den Ura Kidane Mehret, wey dem know give ein regalia. A ferry service dey link Bahir Dar plus Gorgora via Dek den various lakeshore villages.            

Der sanso be Zege Peninsula for de southwest portion of de lake top. Zege be de site of de Azwa Maryam monastery.             

Lake Tana sanso be a central location of de Beta Israel, wey dey complete plus de only Jewish monasteries for de world insyd,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kribus |first1=Bar |last2=Krebs |first2=Verena |date=2018 |title=Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jewish) Monastic Sites North of Lake Tana Preliminary Results of an Exploratory Field Trip to Ethiopia in December 2015 |journal=Entangled Religion |volume=6 |pages=309–344 |doi=10.13154/er.v6.2018.309-344}}&lt;/ref&gt; before demma immigration to Israel.             

== Water characteristics den floods ==
Wey dem compare to oda tropical lakes, de waters for Lake Tana insyd dey relatively cold, wey e typically range from about 20 to 27 °C (68–81 °F). De water get a pH wey be neutral to samwat alkaline den ein transparency be quite low.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=Vijverberg, J. |title=The Nile |author2=F.A. Sibbing |author3=E. Dejen |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |editor=H.J. Dumont |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=163–193 |chapter=Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sekof de large seasonal variations for de inflow of ein tributaries, rain den evaporation insyd, de water levels of Lake Tana dey typically vary by 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) for a year insyd, wey dey peak for September–October insyd just after de main wet season. Wen de water levels dey high, de plains around de lake often flood den dem connect oda permanent swamps for de region insyd to de lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt;

== Fauna ==
[[File:Lily pads, Lake Tana.jpg|thumb|Lily pads dey float near de shore for Lake Tana top]]Since der dey no inflows dat dey link de lake to oda large waterways den de main outflow, de Blue Nile, de Blue Nile Falls obstruct am, de lake dey support a highly distinctive aquatic fauna, wey generally dem relate am to species from de Nile Basin.&lt;ref name=&quot;FEOW&quot;&gt;{{cite web |year=2008 |title=Lake Tana |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=24 January 2012 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}&lt;/ref&gt; De lake ein nutrient levels dey low.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt;

=== Fish ===
Der be 27 fish species for Lake Tana insyd den 20 of dem be endemic.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt; Dis dey include one of only two cyprinid species flocks wey dem know (de oda, from Lake Lanao for de Philippines insyd, introduced species already decimate am). E dey consist of 15 relatively large, up to {{convert|1|m|abbr=on}} long, ''Labeobarbus'' barbs dat dem formerly include for ''Barbus'' insyd instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;FEOW&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;barbs1&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=de Graaf |first1=Martin |last2=Dejen |first2=Eshete |last3=Sibbing |first3=Ferdinand A. |last4=Osse |first4=Jan W. M. |year=2000 |title=''Barbus tanapelagius'', A New Species from Lake Tana (Ethiopia): its Morphology and Ecology |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-biology-of-fishes_2000-09_59_1/page/n6 |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |bibcode=2000EnvBF..59....1D |doi=10.1023/A:1007608208630}}&lt;/ref&gt; Among dem, ''L. acutirostris'', ''L. longissimus'', ''L. megastoma'' den ''L. truttiformis'' dey strictly piscivorous, den ''L. dainellii'', ''L. gorguari'', ''L. macrophtalmus'' den ''L. platydorsus'' dey mostly piscivorous.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt; Demma most important prey be de small ''Enteromius'' den ''Garra'' species.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;barbs1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;barbs2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=de Graaf |first1=Martin |last2=Megens |first2=Hendrik-Jan |last3=Samallo |first3=Johannis |last4=Sibbing |first4=Ferdinand |year=2007 |title=Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation |journal=Animal Biology |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.1163/157075607780002069}}&lt;/ref&gt; De remaining ''Labeobarbus'' for Lake Tana insyd get oda specialized feeding habits: ''L. beso'' (non-endemic den dem no closely relate am to de odas) dey feed for algae top, ''L. surkis'' mostly for macrophytes top, ''L. gorgorensis'' for macrophytes top den molluscs, ''L. brevicephalus'' for zooplankton top (howeva, juveniles of all members of de species flock dey feed for zooplankton top), ''L. osseensis'' for macrophytes top den adults insects, den ''L. crassibarbis'', ''L. intermedius'' (non-endemic buh dem closely relate am to de odas), ''L. nedgia'' den ''L. tsanensis'' for benthic invertebrates like chironomid larvae top. Among de endemic ''Labeobarbus'', eight species spawn for de lake ein wetlands insyd den de remaining move seasonally into ein tributaries wey dem spawn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt;     

For addition to de ''Labeobarbus'' species flock insyd, de endemic species be ''Enteromius pleurogramma'', ''E. tanapelagius'', ''Garra regressus'' den ''Afronemacheilus abyssinicus'' (one of only two African stone loaches). De remaining non-endemic species be Nile tilapia (widespread for Africa insyd, buh plus de endemic subspecies ''tana'' for de lake insyd), ''E. humilis'', ''G. dembecha'', ''G. dembeensis'' den de large African sharptooth catfish.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FEOW&quot; /&gt;

=== Fishing den threats ===
[[File:ET Amhara asv2018-02 img063 Lake Tana at Gorgora.jpg|thumb|Various ''Labeobarbus'' barbs den African sharptooth catfish wey dem catch for de lake insyd]]Lake Tana dey support a large fishing industry, wey mainly dey base for de ''Labeobarbus'' barbs top, Nile tilapia den sharptooth catfish. According to de Ethiopian Department of Fisheries den Aquaculture, dem land 1,454 tons of fish for 2011 insyd at Bahir Dar, wey de department dem estimate am be 15% of ein sustainable amount.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080228033847/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm &quot;Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228033847/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm|date=28 February 2008}}, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), January 2003&lt;/ref&gt; Nevertheless, for a review insyd dat compare catches for 2001 insyd to dem ten years earlier, dem find dat typical sizes of both de tilapia den de catfish significantly decrease, den populations of de ''Labeobarbus'' barbs dat dey breed for de tributaries insyd decline significantly.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt; Among de endemic fish, dem consider most threatened (endangered anaa vulnerable) anaa data deficient (available data insufficient give evaluating a status) by de IUCN.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2019 |title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/ |access-date=18 November 2019 |publisher=IUCN}}&lt;!-- search the individual species name to get the status of each species --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; For de early 2000s insyd, de local government give de first time introduce a fisheries legislation den dem hope dis go get a positive effect for de fish populations top.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt;

Oda serious threats be habitat destruction den pollution. Bahir Dar becam a large city den e dey rapidly grow; dem generally release ein wastewater directly into de lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt; De vegetation for de lake ein wetlands insyd, wey be an important nursery give de ''Labeobarbus'' den oda fish, dem already clear am at a fast pace. A potentially serious threat to de unique ecosystem go be an introduction of a large den efficient predatory species like de Nile perch, wey dem implicate am for numerous extinctions insyd for [[Lake Victoria]] insyd. De piscivorous ''Labeobarbus'' of Lake Tana be relatively inefficient predators dat only fi take fish up to about 15% of de length of de predator einself.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt;

=== Oda fauna ===
[[File:Pelicans on the lake Tana, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Great white pelicans for Lake Tana top]]Among oda fauna, de lake dey support relatively few invertebrates: Der be fifteen species of mollusks, wey dey include one endemic, den sanso an endemic freshwater sponge.&lt;ref name=&quot;FEOW&quot; /&gt; 

About 230 species of birds, wey dey include more dan 80 wetland birds such as de great white pelican, African darter, hamerkop, storks, African spoonbill, ibis, ducks, kingfishers den African fish eagle, dem know dem from Lake Tana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt; E be an important resting den feeding ground give many Palearctic migrant waterbirds.&lt;ref name=&quot;FEOW&quot; /&gt;  

Der dey no crocodiles, buh de African softshell turtle den Nile monitor dem already record dem near de Blue Nile outflow from de lake.&lt;ref&gt;Largen and Spawls (2010). ''The Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea.'' {{ISBN|978-3-89973-466-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hippos dey present, mostly near de Blue Nile outflow.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vijverberg2009&quot; /&gt;   

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

=== Works cited ===
* Garstin, William Edmund; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Tsana|&quot;Tsana&quot;]] . In [[:en:Hugh_Chisholm|Chisholm, Hugh]] (ed.). ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 347–348.

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20210702215353/https://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ Homepage of Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve]
*[https://en.nabu.de/projects/ethiopia/tana/index.html Lake Tana project webpage of De Nature den Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU e.V.)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223747/http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ Lake Tana project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223747/http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ |date=3 March 2016 }} at Aberystwyth University
*[http://www.galenfrysinger.com/blue_nile_ethiopia.htm Photographs of de lake]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040913205524/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D2511%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html Unesco plan for Lake T'ana]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090701031152/http://www.impetusinmundum.de/documentation/Album.html?Bildliste=5a0c198f-5a0c19cc&amp;Region=Lake+Tana Pictures from Lake Tana den de Monasteries]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lake Tana| ]]
[[Category:Lakes of Ethiopia|Tana]]
[[Category:Amhara Region]]
[[Category:Blue Nile]]
[[Category:Ethiopian Highlands]]
[[Category:Mountain lakes|Tana]]
[[Category:Nile basin]]
[[Category:Biosphere reserves of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Freshwater ecoregions of Africa]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of Ethiopia]]</text>
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    <title>Ntumbachushi Falls</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Ntumbachushi_Falls_man_standing.jpg|Ntumbachushi_Falls_man_standing.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Christian Ferrer|Christian Ferrer]] because: Copyright violation; see [[:c:COM:Licensing|Commons:Licensing]] ([[:c:</comment>
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'''Ntumbachushi Falls''' (sanso be ''Ntumbacusi'' den ''Ntumbacushi'') wey be situated for de Ngona River for Luapula Province, [[Zambia]] wer e dey run over de edge for de northern Zambian plateau insyd de valley for de [[Luapula River]].

De main falls occur wer de river dey split insyd two channels to form two parallel waterfalls each about 10 m wide plus a drop for about 30 m, den separated by a distance for 50 m. A small patch of relict rainforest dey grow insyd de spray from de falls. During den immediately after de rainy season, November to April, de water dey cam over de edge fi get a depth of up to 1 m, buh insyd de later dry season de flow fi reduce to a produce a 'bridalveil' effect.

Ntumbachushi be notable no be just for de main falls, however, buh for a series of smaller falls den pools wey dey stretch for a distance of more dan 2 km above de main falls, insyd a landscape dem describe by chaw as among de most beautiful insyd central Africa, plus unusual vegetation, rocky outcrops den views over de Luapula valley. De water of de Ngona be filtered by de wetlands (locally dem call dambos) out of wich e dey drain wey e be exceptionally clear, affording safe river swimming dem consider by chaw visitors to be de best insyd Zambia. 

De falls be 22 km from Mbereshi on de tarred Kawambwa road we dem be reached via a 1 km spur wich dey turn off at de bottom of de escarpment den dey approach de bottom of de main falls. A steep path 20 m on de north side of de main falls dey lead up den over de rocky cliff den dey continue for 0.5 km to a place dem nickname 'the beauty spot' wey dey consist of two pools below a falls of about 6 m high den 25 m wide insyd two sections. Above de main falls der be two further falls plus a drop wey dey exceed 5 m.

Der be two shrines close to de main falls wer local traditional leaders den healers dey perform rituals.

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;

File:Rapids above Ntumbachushi Falls.jpg|Rapids above Ntumbachushi Falls
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==

#Zambia National Tourist Board http://www.zambiatourism.com/
#&quot;Zambia: Push - Making Tourism Work for Local Communities in Northern Circuit&quot; ''The Times of Zambia'' (Ndola) January 16, 2007

[[Category:Waterfalls of Zambia]]
[[Category:Segmented waterfalls]]
[[Category:Geography of Luapula Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions insyd Luapula Province]]</text>
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'''Muscular dystrophy''' ('''MD''') be a genetically den clinically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases wey cause progressive weakness den breakdown of skeletal muscles over time.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=March 4, 2016 |title=NINDS Muscular Dystrophy Information Page |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/md/md.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730004520/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/md/md.htm |archive-date=30 July 2016 |access-date=12 September 2016 |website=NINDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; De disorders dey differ as to wich muscles be primarily affected, de degree of weakness, how fast dem dey worsen, den wen symptoms begin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot; /&gt; Sam types sanso be associated plus problems insyd oda organs.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Re&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=March 4, 2016 |title=Muscular Dystrophy: Hope Through Research |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/md/detail_md.htm#180483171 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930165657/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/md/detail_md.htm#180483171 |archive-date=30 September 2016 |access-date=12 September 2016 |website=NINDS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- Other symptoms include...  lung weakness, and cardiomyopathy --&gt;

Over 30 different disorders be classified as muscular dystrophies.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2016Re/&gt; Of those, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) dey account give approximately 50% of cases den dey affect males beginning around de age of four.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot; /&gt; Oda relatively common muscular dystrophies dey include Becker muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, den myotonic dystrophy,&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot; /&gt; whereas limb–girdle muscular dystrophy den congenital muscular dystrophy demselves be groups of several – usually extremely rare – genetic disorders.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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'''Muscular dystrophy''' ('''MD''') be a genetically den clinically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases wey cause progressive weakness den breakdown of skeletal muscles over time.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=March 4, 2016 |title=NINDS Muscular Dystrophy Information Page |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/md/md.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730004520/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/md/md.htm |archive-date=30 July 2016 |access-date=12 September 2016 |website=NINDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; De disorders dey differ as to wich muscles be primarily affected, de degree of weakness, how fast dem dey worsen, den wen symptoms begin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot; /&gt; Sam types sanso be associated plus problems insyd oda organs.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Re&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=March 4, 2016 |title=Muscular Dystrophy: Hope Through Research |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/md/detail_md.htm#180483171 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930165657/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/md/detail_md.htm#180483171 |archive-date=30 September 2016 |access-date=12 September 2016 |website=NINDS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- Other symptoms include...  lung weakness, and cardiomyopathy --&gt;

Over 30 different disorders be classified as muscular dystrophies.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2016Re/&gt; Of those, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) dey account give approximately 50% of cases den dey affect males beginning around de age of four.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot; /&gt; Oda relatively common muscular dystrophies dey include Becker muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, den myotonic dystrophy,&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH20162&quot; /&gt; whereas limb–girdle muscular dystrophy den congenital muscular dystrophy demselves be groups of several – usually extremely rare – genetic disorders.

Muscular dystrophies be caused by mutations insyd genes, usually those dem involve insyd making muscle proteins.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Re&quot; /&gt; De muscle protein dystrophin dey insyd most muscle cells den works to strengthen de muscle fibers den protect dem from injury as muscles contract den relax.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Gao |first1=Q. Q. |title=Comprehensive Physiology |last2=McNally |first2=E. M. |date=2011-01-17 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-65071-4 |editor-last=Terjung |editor-first=Ronald |edition=1 |volume=5 |pages=1223–1239 |language=en |doi=10.1002/cphy.c140048 |pmc=4767260 |pmid=26140716 }}&lt;/ref&gt; E dey link de muscle membrane to de thin muscular filaments within de cell. Dystrophin be an integral part of de muscular structure. An absence of dystrophin fi cause impairments: healthy muscle tissue fi be replaced by fibrous tissue den fat, wey dey cause an inability to generate force.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Gao |first1=Quan Q. |last2=McNally |first2=Elizabeth M. |date=2015-06-24 |title=The Dystrophin Complex: Structure, Function, and Implications for Therapy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c140048 |journal=Comprehensive Physiology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=1223–1239 |doi=10.1002/cphy.c140048 |isbn=9780470650714 |pmc=4767260 |pmid=26140716}}&lt;/ref&gt; Respiratory den cardiac complications fi occur as well. Dese mutations either be inherited from parents anaa fi occur spontaneously during early development.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Re&quot; /&gt; Muscular dystrophies fi be X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, anaa autosomal dominant.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Re&quot; /&gt; Diagnosis often dey involve blood tests den genetic testing.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Re&quot; /&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <title>Siri Mullinix</title>
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'''Siri Lynn Mullinix''' (born May 22, 1978) be an American retired soccer goalkeeper wey be an assistant coach for de Clemson Tigers women's soccer team. As keeper give de 2000 U.S. women's Olympic soccer team, she record two shutouts helping de team win de silver medal. Insyd 2010, na dem induct Mullinix into de North Carolina Soccer Hall of Fame.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=January 22, 2010 |title=Mullinix Set to Enter North Carolina Hall of Fame |url=http://vcuathletics.tv/wso/09results/Siri-HallInduction-012210.php |accessdate=March 5, 2010 |publisher=VCU Rams}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== College career ==

Insyd ein four years plus de University of North Carolina, she play 90 games earning 43 shutouts den a goals against average of 0.27. Na dem name am de Defensive MVP insyd de 1997 NCAA tournament wer she earn a 120-minute shutout insyd de final against Notre Dame.&lt;ref name=&quot;STimes&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Soccer profile: Siri Mullinix |url=http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/mullinix.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090714064114/http%3A//www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/mullinix.htm |archive-date=2009-07-14 |access-date=2009-06-01 |publisher=Soccer Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd ein four years plus de UNC Tar Heels, de team win de ACC title four times den de NCAA title twice.&lt;ref name=&quot;WUSA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Washington Freedom |url=http://www.wusa.com/team/?id=29&amp;zone=players&amp;player_id=1118 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128055851/http://www.wusa.com/team/?id=29&amp;zone=players&amp;player_id=1118 |archive-date=January 28, 2016 |accessdate=2009-06-01 |publisher=WUSA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== National team ==

Ein first start plus de U.S. women's national team cam insyd a game against Japan insyd Atlanta on May 2, 1999. She record ein first national team shutout on March 12, 2000, against Portugal.&lt;ref name=&quot;STimes&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Soccer profile: Siri Mullinix |url=http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/mullinix.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090714064114/http%3A//www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/mullinix.htm |archive-date=2009-07-14 |access-date=2009-06-01 |publisher=Soccer Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd ein national team career, she play insyd 29 games plus 28 starts. She set a team record by earning 15 shutouts insyd 2000 for an 18-5-5 record den a 0.60 goals against average.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNCG&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Siri Mullinix |url=http://www.uncgspartans.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=28675&amp;SPID=2224&amp;DB_OEM_ID=5300&amp;ATCLID=182685&amp;Q_SEASON=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122025/http://www.uncgspartans.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=28675&amp;SPID=2224&amp;DB_OEM_ID=5300&amp;ATCLID=182685&amp;Q_SEASON=2007 |archive-date=2014-05-17 |access-date=2009-06-01 |publisher=UNCG Spartans}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mullinix win de silver medal insyd women's football as a member of de U.S. team at de 2000 Summer Olympics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/2000v2.pdf |title=Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad. Volume Two: Celebrating the Games |publisher=Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games |year=2001 |location=Fyshwick, ACT |page=217 |access-date=March 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731100836/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/2000v2.pdf |archive-date=July 31, 2012 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Professional career ==

At de launch of de Women's United Soccer Association insyd 2001, na dem allocate Mullinix to de Washington Freedom wer she win 5 of ein 18 starts dat inaugural season. She win 7 games insyd de 2002 season wey she lead de league insyd save percentage dat year (80.8%). She play insyd de league championship game insyd 2002 wey she win am insyd 2003 wen na she sanso be named to de WUSA All-Star team.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNCG&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Siri Mullinix |url=http://www.uncgspartans.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=28675&amp;SPID=2224&amp;DB_OEM_ID=5300&amp;ATCLID=182685&amp;Q_SEASON=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122025/http://www.uncgspartans.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=28675&amp;SPID=2224&amp;DB_OEM_ID=5300&amp;ATCLID=182685&amp;Q_SEASON=2007 |archive-date=2014-05-17 |access-date=2009-06-01 |publisher=UNCG Spartans}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mullinix den teammate [[Mia Hamm]] be de first inductees into de Washington Freedom ein &quot;Hall of Freedom&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=April 29, 2009 |title=Remembering Mia and Siri |url=http://www.womensprosoccer.com/dc/news/general/09429remembering-mia-siri |accessdate=2009-06-01 |publisher=Washington Freedom}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Coaching career ==

On May 23, 2005, na dem name Mullinix assistant coach under [[Eddie Radwanski]] for de UNC Greensboro women's soccer team.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNCG&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Siri Mullinix |url=http://www.uncgspartans.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=28675&amp;SPID=2224&amp;DB_OEM_ID=5300&amp;ATCLID=182685&amp;Q_SEASON=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122025/http://www.uncgspartans.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=28675&amp;SPID=2224&amp;DB_OEM_ID=5300&amp;ATCLID=182685&amp;Q_SEASON=2007 |archive-date=2014-05-17 |access-date=2009-06-01 |publisher=UNCG Spartans}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 2009, she cam be de goalkeeping coach for de Virginia Commonwealth University women's team while she sanso dey enroll as a student.&lt;ref name=&quot;VCU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=April 6, 2009 |title=Olympic medalist attends SportsCenter |url=http://blog.vcu.edu/sportscenter/2008/08/olympic_medalist_attends_sport.html |accessdate=2009-06-01 |publisher=VCU SportsCenter}}&lt;/ref&gt; After three years at VCU she rejoin Radwanski as an assistant coach at Clemson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Siri Mullinix Biography |url=http://www.clemsontigers.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=205530067}}&lt;/ref&gt;  On August 15, 2014, na dem name Mullinix insyd a lawsuit by Haley Ellen Hunt wey relate to an alleged hazing incident on August 18, 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haley Ellen Hunt lawsuit |url=http://fitsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2014-08-14-Summons-and-Complaint-1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd early 2016, na dem dismiss de lawsuit.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mullinix, Siri}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:American women's soccer players]]
[[Category:United States women's international soccer players]]
[[Category:Washington Freedom (soccer) players]]
[[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer players]]
[[Category:Virginia Commonwealth University alumni]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Women's association football goalkeepers]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:UNC Greensboro Spartans women's soccer coaches]]
[[Category:VCU Rams women's soccer coaches]]
[[Category:Clemson Tigers women's soccer coaches]]
[[Category:American soccer head coaches]]
[[Category:2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Denver]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Greensboro, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Raleigh Wings players]]
[[Category:USL W-League (1995–2015) players]]
[[Category:Women's United Soccer Association players]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]]</text>
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    <title>Shannon MacMillan</title>
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'''Shannon Ann MacMillan''' (born October 7, 1974) be an American retired soccer player, coach, FIFA Women's World Cup champion, Olympic gold den silver medalist.  Na dem name am U.S. Soccer Athlete of de Year for 2002, MacMillan play give de United States women's national soccer team from 1994 to 2006 wey na she be part of de 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup-winning team (dem commonly know as de '99ers). She win gold plus de team at de 1996 Summer Olympics den silver at de 2000 Summer Olympics.

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA Bruins women's soccer team. Insyd 2016, she be inducted insyd de National Soccer Hall of Fame.&lt;ref name=&quot;hof&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=May 5, 2016 |title=BRANDI CHASTAIN, SHANNON MACMILLAN AND DON GARBER ELECTED TO NATIONAL SOCCER HALL OF FAME CLASS OF 2016 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509071900/http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-date=May 9, 2016 |work=ussoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be a part of de ownership group for Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shannon Mac Millan |url=https://www.angelcity.com/club/ownership/shannon-mac-millan |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Angel City FC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life ==

Dem born MacMillan insyd Syosset, New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soccer profile: Shannon MacMillan |url=http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509223209/http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2013 |access-date=July 12, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She attend San Pasqual High School insyd Escondido, California. She get one older bro, Sean.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alone |url=http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213750/http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=home.comcast.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== University of Portland ===
MacMillan play give de University of Portland, wer she win de Hermann Trophy for de best female collegiate soccer player of de 1995 season. She earn All-America honors from 1992 to 1995.

== Playing career ==

=== Club ===
Na MacMillan be one of de founding players of de Women's United Soccer Association, playing three seasons give de San Diego Spirit.

=== International ===
While still insyd college, MacMillan join de US National Team insyd 1993 as a midfielder. By 2000, she move go forward.

[[File:ShannonMAC_stl2.jpg|right|thumb|Shannon during a halftime workout]]

Insyd de Olympic semifinal against Norway insyd 1996, she score de game-winning goal insyd overtime. Insyd de Olympic final against China, she collect a [[Mia Hamm]] shot wey rebound off de post wey she put am insyd for de first goal of de match.

Na she be a &quot;super-sub&quot; on de US WNT ein 1999 Women's World Cup team den de 2000 Olympic team. She earn a spot on de roster for de 2003 Women's World Cup team after making a miraculously quick recovery from an ACL tear she suffer just four months before de tournament begin.

Insyd 2002, MacMillan score 17 goals wey na dem vote am de U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year.

She retire from international play insyd 2006 at de age of 31. She fini ein international career plus 60 goals den plus 175 caps, de tenth most of any woman insyd history up to dat time. Na she be de sixth-leading goal scorer insyd 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=U.S. WNT Forward Shannon MacMillan Retires From International Soccer |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/news/womens-national-team/2006/09/u-s-wnt-forward-shannon-macmillan-retires-from-international-soccer.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727214552/http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2006/09/U-S-WNT-Forward-Shannon-Macmillan-Retires-From-International-Soccer.aspx |archive-date=July 27, 2012 |access-date=September 23, 2012 |publisher=US Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Honors den awards ==

Na dem award MacMillan de MAC Hermann Trophy Award insyd 1995.  Na dem vote am U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year insyd 2002. Na dem induct am into de Oregon Sports Hall of Fame on September 25, 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;ol&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 3, 2007 |title=2007 Oregon Hall of Fame inductees |url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/sportsupdates/2007/08/the_oregon_sports_hall_of.html |access-date=August 3, 2007 |work=OregonLive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a senior at Portland, she win de Honda Sports Award as de nation ein top soccer player.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Soccer |url=https://www.collegiatewomensportsawards.com/archives/soccer |language=en |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=CWSA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2010 |title=Schmidt One of Four Finalists for Honda Sports Award |url=https://portlandpilots.com/news/2010/12/13/WSOC_1213101144.aspx?path=wsoc |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=University of Portland Athletics |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Coaching career ==

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA women's soccer team. On January 7, 2010, na dem name am Director of de Competitive Program at de Del Mar Carmel Valley Sharks Soccer Club. After leaving DMCV Sharks, na dem name am de Director of Youth at de NWSL club Bay FC on July 21, 2026.

Na she be a senior adviser to San Diego Loyal SC.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.ussoccer.com/bio/bio.sps?iBiographyID=1081 U.S. Soccer player profile]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313121029/http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_1211.htm  |title=Shannon MacMillan at the United States Olympic Team |date=mdy}}
* {{Olympedia}}
* {{Olympics.com|shannon-macmillan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macmillan, Shannon}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:United States women's international soccer players]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Women's United Soccer Association players]]
[[Category:San Diego Spirit players]]
[[Category:Washington Freedom (soccer) players]]
[[Category:Portland Pilots women's soccer players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's Century Club]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Oregon]]
[[Category:American women's soccer players]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:Sportspeople wey komot Syosset, New York]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Nassau County, New York]]
[[Category:1999 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's World Cup–winning players]]
[[Category:Shiroki FC Serena players]]
[[Category:Nadeshiko League players]]
[[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd Japan]]
[[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]]
[[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd Japan]]
[[Category:Women's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Women's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:UCLA Bruins women's soccer coaches]]
[[Category:National Soccer Hall of Fame members]]
[[Category:Hermann Trophy women's winners]]
[[Category:American soccer head coaches]]
[[Category:Angel City FC owners]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:San Pasqual High School (Escondido, California) alumni]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8025" sha1="it0xt5coi8trbdyecznmwdagp6qjfuk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Shannon Ann MacMillan''' (born October 7, 1974) be an American retired soccer player, coach, FIFA Women's World Cup champion, Olympic gold den silver medalist.  Na dem name am U.S. Soccer Athlete of de Year for 2002, MacMillan play give de United States women's national soccer team from 1994 to 2006 wey na she be part of de 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup-winning team (dem commonly know as de '99ers). She win gold plus de team at de 1996 Summer Olympics den silver at de 2000 Summer Olympics.

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA Bruins women's soccer team. Insyd 2016, she be inducted insyd de National Soccer Hall of Fame.&lt;ref name=&quot;hof&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=May 5, 2016 |title=BRANDI CHASTAIN, SHANNON MACMILLAN AND DON GARBER ELECTED TO NATIONAL SOCCER HALL OF FAME CLASS OF 2016 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509071900/http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-date=May 9, 2016 |work=ussoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be a part of de ownership group for Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shannon Mac Millan |url=https://www.angelcity.com/club/ownership/shannon-mac-millan |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Angel City FC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life ==

Dem born MacMillan insyd Syosset, New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soccer profile: Shannon MacMillan |url=http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509223209/http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2013 |access-date=July 12, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She attend San Pasqual High School insyd Escondido, California. She get one older bro, Sean.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alone |url=http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213750/http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=home.comcast.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== University of Portland ===
MacMillan play give de University of Portland, wer she win de Hermann Trophy for de best female collegiate soccer player of de 1995 season. She earn All-America honors from 1992 to 1995.

== Playing career ==

=== Club ===
Na MacMillan be one of de founding players of de Women's United Soccer Association, playing three seasons give de San Diego Spirit.

=== International ===
While still insyd college, MacMillan join de US National Team insyd 1993 as a midfielder. By 2000, she move go forward.

[[File:ShannonMAC_stl2.jpg|right|thumb|Shannon during a halftime workout]]

Insyd de Olympic semifinal against Norway insyd 1996, she score de game-winning goal insyd overtime. Insyd de Olympic final against China, she collect a [[Mia Hamm]] shot wey rebound off de post wey she put am insyd for de first goal of de match.

Na she be a &quot;super-sub&quot; on de US WNT ein 1999 Women's World Cup team den de 2000 Olympic team. She earn a spot on de roster for de 2003 Women's World Cup team after making a miraculously quick recovery from an ACL tear she suffer just four months before de tournament begin.

Insyd 2002, MacMillan score 17 goals wey na dem vote am de U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year.

She retire from international play insyd 2006 at de age of 31. She fini ein international career plus 60 goals den plus 175 caps, de tenth most of any woman insyd history up to dat time. Na she be de sixth-leading goal scorer insyd 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=U.S. WNT Forward Shannon MacMillan Retires From International Soccer |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/news/womens-national-team/2006/09/u-s-wnt-forward-shannon-macmillan-retires-from-international-soccer.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727214552/http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2006/09/U-S-WNT-Forward-Shannon-Macmillan-Retires-From-International-Soccer.aspx |archive-date=July 27, 2012 |access-date=September 23, 2012 |publisher=US Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Honors den awards ==

Na dem award MacMillan de MAC Hermann Trophy Award insyd 1995.  Na dem vote am U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year insyd 2002. Na dem induct am into de Oregon Sports Hall of Fame on September 25, 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;ol&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 3, 2007 |title=2007 Oregon Hall of Fame inductees |url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/sportsupdates/2007/08/the_oregon_sports_hall_of.html |access-date=August 3, 2007 |work=OregonLive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a senior at Portland, she win de Honda Sports Award as de nation ein top soccer player.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Soccer |url=https://www.collegiatewomensportsawards.com/archives/soccer |language=en |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=CWSA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2010 |title=Schmidt One of Four Finalists for Honda Sports Award |url=https://portlandpilots.com/news/2010/12/13/WSOC_1213101144.aspx?path=wsoc |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=University of Portland Athletics |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Coaching career ==

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA women's soccer team. On January 7, 2010, na dem name am Director of de Competitive Program at de Del Mar Carmel Valley Sharks Soccer Club. After leaving DMCV Sharks, na dem name am de Director of Youth at de NWSL club Bay FC on July 21, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2026 |title=Bay FC Appoints Shannon Mac Millan as Director of Youth Bay FC |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/shannon-mac-millan-appointed-as-director-of-youth-20260720/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na she be a senior adviser to San Diego Loyal SC.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.ussoccer.com/bio/bio.sps?iBiographyID=1081 U.S. Soccer player profile]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313121029/http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_1211.htm  |title=Shannon MacMillan at the United States Olympic Team |date=mdy}}
* {{Olympics.com|shannon-macmillan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macmillan, Shannon}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:United States women's international soccer players]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Women's United Soccer Association players]]
[[Category:San Diego Spirit players]]
[[Category:Washington Freedom (soccer) players]]
[[Category:Portland Pilots women's soccer players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's Century Club]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Oregon]]
[[Category:American women's soccer players]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:Sportspeople wey komot Syosset, New York]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Nassau County, New York]]
[[Category:1999 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's World Cup–winning players]]
[[Category:Shiroki FC Serena players]]
[[Category:Nadeshiko League players]]
[[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd Japan]]
[[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]]
[[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd Japan]]
[[Category:Women's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Women's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:UCLA Bruins women's soccer coaches]]
[[Category:National Soccer Hall of Fame members]]
[[Category:Hermann Trophy women's winners]]
[[Category:American soccer head coaches]]
[[Category:Angel City FC owners]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:San Pasqual High School (Escondido, California) alumni]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>111730</id>
      <parentid>111729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T23:13:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Coaching career */ Add reference</comment>
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      <text bytes="8453" sha1="nx7tbjrqhn9nlxvvb1wq6t7etc712ij" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Shannon Ann MacMillan''' (born October 7, 1974) be an American retired soccer player, coach, FIFA Women's World Cup champion, Olympic gold den silver medalist.  Na dem name am U.S. Soccer Athlete of de Year for 2002, MacMillan play give de United States women's national soccer team from 1994 to 2006 wey na she be part of de 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup-winning team (dem commonly know as de '99ers). She win gold plus de team at de 1996 Summer Olympics den silver at de 2000 Summer Olympics.

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA Bruins women's soccer team. Insyd 2016, she be inducted insyd de National Soccer Hall of Fame.&lt;ref name=&quot;hof&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=May 5, 2016 |title=BRANDI CHASTAIN, SHANNON MACMILLAN AND DON GARBER ELECTED TO NATIONAL SOCCER HALL OF FAME CLASS OF 2016 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509071900/http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-date=May 9, 2016 |work=ussoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be a part of de ownership group for Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shannon Mac Millan |url=https://www.angelcity.com/club/ownership/shannon-mac-millan |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Angel City FC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life ==

Dem born MacMillan insyd Syosset, New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soccer profile: Shannon MacMillan |url=http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509223209/http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2013 |access-date=July 12, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She attend San Pasqual High School insyd Escondido, California. She get one older bro, Sean.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alone |url=http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213750/http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=home.comcast.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== University of Portland ===
MacMillan play give de University of Portland, wer she win de Hermann Trophy for de best female collegiate soccer player of de 1995 season. She earn All-America honors from 1992 to 1995.

== Playing career ==

=== Club ===
Na MacMillan be one of de founding players of de Women's United Soccer Association, playing three seasons give de San Diego Spirit.

=== International ===
While still insyd college, MacMillan join de US National Team insyd 1993 as a midfielder. By 2000, she move go forward.

[[File:ShannonMAC_stl2.jpg|right|thumb|Shannon during a halftime workout]]

Insyd de Olympic semifinal against Norway insyd 1996, she score de game-winning goal insyd overtime. Insyd de Olympic final against China, she collect a [[Mia Hamm]] shot wey rebound off de post wey she put am insyd for de first goal of de match.

Na she be a &quot;super-sub&quot; on de US WNT ein 1999 Women's World Cup team den de 2000 Olympic team. She earn a spot on de roster for de 2003 Women's World Cup team after making a miraculously quick recovery from an ACL tear she suffer just four months before de tournament begin.

Insyd 2002, MacMillan score 17 goals wey na dem vote am de U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year.

She retire from international play insyd 2006 at de age of 31. She fini ein international career plus 60 goals den plus 175 caps, de tenth most of any woman insyd history up to dat time. Na she be de sixth-leading goal scorer insyd 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=U.S. WNT Forward Shannon MacMillan Retires From International Soccer |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/news/womens-national-team/2006/09/u-s-wnt-forward-shannon-macmillan-retires-from-international-soccer.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727214552/http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2006/09/U-S-WNT-Forward-Shannon-Macmillan-Retires-From-International-Soccer.aspx |archive-date=July 27, 2012 |access-date=September 23, 2012 |publisher=US Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Honors den awards ==

Na dem award MacMillan de MAC Hermann Trophy Award insyd 1995.  Na dem vote am U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year insyd 2002. Na dem induct am into de Oregon Sports Hall of Fame on September 25, 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;ol&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 3, 2007 |title=2007 Oregon Hall of Fame inductees |url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/sportsupdates/2007/08/the_oregon_sports_hall_of.html |access-date=August 3, 2007 |work=OregonLive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a senior at Portland, she win de Honda Sports Award as de nation ein top soccer player.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Soccer |url=https://www.collegiatewomensportsawards.com/archives/soccer |language=en |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=CWSA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2010 |title=Schmidt One of Four Finalists for Honda Sports Award |url=https://portlandpilots.com/news/2010/12/13/WSOC_1213101144.aspx?path=wsoc |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=University of Portland Athletics |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Coaching career ==

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA women's soccer team. On January 7, 2010, na dem name am Director of de Competitive Program at de Del Mar Carmel Valley Sharks Soccer Club.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Shannon MacMillan leaves UCLA for DMCV Sharks |url=http://www.socceramerica.com/article/31113/shannon-macmillan-leaves-ucla-for-dmcv-sharks.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205854/http://www.socceramerica.com/article/31113/shannon-macmillan-leaves-ucla-for-dmcv-sharks.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=September 23, 2012 |publisher=Soccer America}}&lt;/ref&gt; After leaving DMCV Sharks, na dem name am de Director of Youth at de NWSL club Bay FC on July 21, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2026 |title=Bay FC Appoints Shannon Mac Millan as Director of Youth Bay FC |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/shannon-mac-millan-appointed-as-director-of-youth-20260720/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na she be a senior adviser to San Diego Loyal SC.

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.ussoccer.com/bio/bio.sps?iBiographyID=1081 U.S. Soccer player profile]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313121029/http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_1211.htm  |title=Shannon MacMillan at the United States Olympic Team |date=mdy}}
* {{Olympics.com|shannon-macmillan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macmillan, Shannon}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:United States women's international soccer players]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Women's United Soccer Association players]]
[[Category:San Diego Spirit players]]
[[Category:Washington Freedom (soccer) players]]
[[Category:Portland Pilots women's soccer players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's Century Club]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Oregon]]
[[Category:American women's soccer players]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:Sportspeople wey komot Syosset, New York]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Nassau County, New York]]
[[Category:1999 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's World Cup–winning players]]
[[Category:Shiroki FC Serena players]]
[[Category:Nadeshiko League players]]
[[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd Japan]]
[[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]]
[[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd Japan]]
[[Category:Women's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Women's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:UCLA Bruins women's soccer coaches]]
[[Category:National Soccer Hall of Fame members]]
[[Category:Hermann Trophy women's winners]]
[[Category:American soccer head coaches]]
[[Category:Angel City FC owners]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:San Pasqual High School (Escondido, California) alumni]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>111731</id>
      <parentid>111730</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T23:15:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <text bytes="12513" sha1="9zuuow26dyy3lzkplrs3dktshxoqru2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Shannon Ann MacMillan''' (born October 7, 1974) be an American retired soccer player, coach, FIFA Women's World Cup champion, Olympic gold den silver medalist.  Na dem name am U.S. Soccer Athlete of de Year for 2002, MacMillan play give de United States women's national soccer team from 1994 to 2006 wey na she be part of de 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup-winning team (dem commonly know as de '99ers). She win gold plus de team at de 1996 Summer Olympics den silver at de 2000 Summer Olympics.

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA Bruins women's soccer team. Insyd 2016, she be inducted insyd de National Soccer Hall of Fame.&lt;ref name=&quot;hof&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=May 5, 2016 |title=BRANDI CHASTAIN, SHANNON MACMILLAN AND DON GARBER ELECTED TO NATIONAL SOCCER HALL OF FAME CLASS OF 2016 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509071900/http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-date=May 9, 2016 |work=ussoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be a part of de ownership group for Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shannon Mac Millan |url=https://www.angelcity.com/club/ownership/shannon-mac-millan |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Angel City FC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life ==

Dem born MacMillan insyd Syosset, New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soccer profile: Shannon MacMillan |url=http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509223209/http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2013 |access-date=July 12, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She attend San Pasqual High School insyd Escondido, California. She get one older bro, Sean.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alone |url=http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213750/http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=home.comcast.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== University of Portland ===
MacMillan play give de University of Portland, wer she win de Hermann Trophy for de best female collegiate soccer player of de 1995 season. She earn All-America honors from 1992 to 1995.

== Playing career ==

=== Club ===
Na MacMillan be one of de founding players of de Women's United Soccer Association, playing three seasons give de San Diego Spirit.

=== International ===
While still insyd college, MacMillan join de US National Team insyd 1993 as a midfielder. By 2000, she move go forward.

[[File:ShannonMAC_stl2.jpg|right|thumb|Shannon during a halftime workout]]

Insyd de Olympic semifinal against Norway insyd 1996, she score de game-winning goal insyd overtime. Insyd de Olympic final against China, she collect a [[Mia Hamm]] shot wey rebound off de post wey she put am insyd for de first goal of de match.

Na she be a &quot;super-sub&quot; on de US WNT ein 1999 Women's World Cup team den de 2000 Olympic team. She earn a spot on de roster for de 2003 Women's World Cup team after making a miraculously quick recovery from an ACL tear she suffer just four months before de tournament begin.

Insyd 2002, MacMillan score 17 goals wey na dem vote am de U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year.

She retire from international play insyd 2006 at de age of 31. She fini ein international career plus 60 goals den plus 175 caps, de tenth most of any woman insyd history up to dat time. Na she be de sixth-leading goal scorer insyd 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=U.S. WNT Forward Shannon MacMillan Retires From International Soccer |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/news/womens-national-team/2006/09/u-s-wnt-forward-shannon-macmillan-retires-from-international-soccer.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727214552/http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2006/09/U-S-WNT-Forward-Shannon-Macmillan-Retires-From-International-Soccer.aspx |archive-date=July 27, 2012 |access-date=September 23, 2012 |publisher=US Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Honors den awards ==

Na dem award MacMillan de MAC Hermann Trophy Award insyd 1995.  Na dem vote am U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year insyd 2002. Na dem induct am into de Oregon Sports Hall of Fame on September 25, 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;ol&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 3, 2007 |title=2007 Oregon Hall of Fame inductees |url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/sportsupdates/2007/08/the_oregon_sports_hall_of.html |access-date=August 3, 2007 |work=OregonLive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a senior at Portland, she win de Honda Sports Award as de nation ein top soccer player.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Soccer |url=https://www.collegiatewomensportsawards.com/archives/soccer |language=en |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=CWSA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2010 |title=Schmidt One of Four Finalists for Honda Sports Award |url=https://portlandpilots.com/news/2010/12/13/WSOC_1213101144.aspx?path=wsoc |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=University of Portland Athletics |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Coaching career ==

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA women's soccer team. On January 7, 2010, na dem name am Director of de Competitive Program at de Del Mar Carmel Valley Sharks Soccer Club.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Shannon MacMillan leaves UCLA for DMCV Sharks |url=http://www.socceramerica.com/article/31113/shannon-macmillan-leaves-ucla-for-dmcv-sharks.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205854/http://www.socceramerica.com/article/31113/shannon-macmillan-leaves-ucla-for-dmcv-sharks.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=September 23, 2012 |publisher=Soccer America}}&lt;/ref&gt; After leaving DMCV Sharks, na dem name am de Director of Youth at de NWSL club Bay FC on July 21, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2026 |title=Bay FC Appoints Shannon Mac Millan as Director of Youth Bay FC |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/shannon-mac-millan-appointed-as-director-of-youth-20260720/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na she be a senior adviser to San Diego Loyal SC.

==International goals==
:''Scores den results list United States dema goal tally first.''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 12 May 1996 || [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], United States || {{fbw|CAN}} || align=center|'''3'''–0 || align=center| 6–0 || [[1996 Women's U.S. Cup]]
|-
| 2. || 23 July 1996 || [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], United States || {{fbw|SWE}} || align=center|'''2'''–0 || align=center| 2–1 || rowspan=3| [[Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics - Women's tournament|1996 Summer Olympics]]
|-
| 3. || 28 July 1996 || rowspan=2| [[Athens, Georgia|Athens]], United States || {{fbw|NOR}} || align=center|'''2'''–1 || align=center| 2–1
|-
| 4. || 1 August 1996 || {{fbw|CHN}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 2–1
|-
| 5. || 12 September 1998 || [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]], United States || {{fbw|MEX}} || align=center|'''?'''–0 || align=center| 9–0 || [[1998 Women's U.S. Cup]]
|-
| 6. || 27 June 1999 || Foxborough, United States || {{fbw|PRK}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 3–0 || [[1999 FIFA Women's World Cup]]
|-
| 7. || 12 March 2000 || [[Albufeira]], [[Portugal]] || {{fbw|POR}} || align=center|'''2'''–0 || align=center| 7–0 || rowspan=2| [[2000 Algarve Cup]]
|-
| 8. || 14 March 2000 || [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], Portugal || {{fbw|DEN}} || align=center|'''2'''–1 || align=center| 2–1
|- 
| 9. || rowspan=2| 5 May 2000 || rowspan=2| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], United States || rowspan=2| {{fbw|MEX}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 8–0 || rowspan=2| [[2000 Women's U.S. Cup]]
|-
| 10. || align=center|'''6'''–0
|-
| 11. || 23 June 2000 || [[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey]], United States || {{fbw|TRI}} || align=center|'''7'''–0 || align=center| 11–0 || rowspan=4| [[2000 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup]]
|-
| 12. || 25 June 2000 || rowspan=3| [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], United States || {{fbw|CRC}} || align=center|'''2'''–0 || align=center| 8–0
|-
| 13. || rowspan=2| 1 July 2000 || rowspan=2| {{fbw|CAN}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 4–1
|-
| 14. || align=center|'''2'''–0
|-
| 15. || 20 September 2000 || [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] || {{fbw|NGA}} || align=center|'''3'''–1 || align=center| 3–1 || [[Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics - Women's tournament|2000 Summer Olympics]]
|-
| 16. || 1 March 2002 || Albufeira, Portugal || {{fbw|SWE}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 1–1 || rowspan=7| [[2002 Algarve Cup]]
|-
| 17. || 3 March 2002 || [[Ferreiras]], Portugal || {{fbw|ENG}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 2–0
|-
| 18. || rowspan=2| 5 March 2002 || rowspan=2| Faro, Portugal || rowspan=2| {{fbw|NOR}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 2–3
|-
| 19. || align=center|'''2'''–2
|-
| 20. || rowspan=3| 7 March 2002 || rowspan=3| Albufeira, Portugal || rowspan=3| {{fbw|DEN}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || rowspan=3 align=center| 3–2
|-
| 21. || align=center|'''2'''–0
|-
| 22. || align=center|'''3'''–1
|-
| 23. || 27 October 2002 || [[Pasadena]], United States || {{fbw|MEX}} || align=center|'''3'''–0 || align=center| 3–0 || rowspan=4| [[2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup]]
|-
| 24. || rowspan=2| 2 November 2002 || rowspan=3| [[Seattle]], United States || rowspan=2| {{fbw|PAN}} || align=center|'''4'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 9–0 
|-
| 25. || align=center|'''5'''–0
|-
| 26. || 6 November 2002 || {{fbw|CRC}} || align=center|'''6'''–0 || align=center| 7–0
|- 
| 27. || 16 March 2003 || Ferreiras, Portugal || {{fbw|NOR}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 1–0 || rowspan=2| [[2003 Algarve Cup]]
|-
| 28. || 20 March 2003 || [[Loulé]], Portugal || {{fbw|CHN}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 2–0
|-
| 29. || 27 February 2004 || [[Heredia, Costa Rica|Heredia]], [[Costa Rica]] || {{fbw|HAI}} || align=center|'''4'''–0 || align=center| 8–0 || [[2004 CONCACAF Women's Pre-Olympic Tournament]]
|-
|}
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.ussoccer.com/bio/bio.sps?iBiographyID=1081 U.S. Soccer player profile]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313121029/http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_1211.htm  |title=Shannon MacMillan at the United States Olympic Team |date=mdy}}
* {{Olympics.com|shannon-macmillan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macmillan, Shannon}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:United States women's international soccer players]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Women's United Soccer Association players]]
[[Category:San Diego Spirit players]]
[[Category:Washington Freedom (soccer) players]]
[[Category:Portland Pilots women's soccer players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's Century Club]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Oregon]]
[[Category:American women's soccer players]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:Sportspeople wey komot Syosset, New York]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Nassau County, New York]]
[[Category:1999 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's World Cup–winning players]]
[[Category:Shiroki FC Serena players]]
[[Category:Nadeshiko League players]]
[[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd Japan]]
[[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]]
[[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd Japan]]
[[Category:Women's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Women's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:UCLA Bruins women's soccer coaches]]
[[Category:National Soccer Hall of Fame members]]
[[Category:Hermann Trophy women's winners]]
[[Category:American soccer head coaches]]
[[Category:Angel City FC owners]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:San Pasqual High School (Escondido, California) alumni]]</text>
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'''Shannon Ann MacMillan''' (born October 7, 1974) be an American retired soccer player, coach, FIFA Women's World Cup champion, Olympic gold den silver medalist.  Na dem name am U.S. Soccer Athlete of de Year for 2002, MacMillan play give de United States women's national soccer team from 1994 to 2006 wey na she be part of de 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup-winning team (dem commonly know as de '99ers). She win gold plus de team at de 1996 Summer Olympics den silver at de 2000 Summer Olympics.

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA Bruins women's soccer team. Insyd 2016, she be inducted insyd de National Soccer Hall of Fame.&lt;ref name=&quot;hof&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=May 5, 2016 |title=BRANDI CHASTAIN, SHANNON MACMILLAN AND DON GARBER ELECTED TO NATIONAL SOCCER HALL OF FAME CLASS OF 2016 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509071900/http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/05/19/34/160505-hof-brandi-chastain-shannon-macmillan-don-garber-hall-of-fame-class-of-2016 |archive-date=May 9, 2016 |work=ussoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She sanso be a part of de ownership group for Angel City FC of de National Women's Soccer League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shannon Mac Millan |url=https://www.angelcity.com/club/ownership/shannon-mac-millan |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Angel City FC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life ==

Dem born MacMillan insyd Syosset, New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Soccer profile: Shannon MacMillan |url=http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509223209/http://www.soccertimes.com/usteams/roster/women/macmillan.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2013 |access-date=July 12, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She attend San Pasqual High School insyd Escondido, California. She get one older bro, Sean.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alone |url=http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213750/http://home.comcast.net/~brian.arnot/MacMillan02.htm |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=home.comcast.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== University of Portland ===
MacMillan play give de University of Portland, wer she win de Hermann Trophy for de best female collegiate soccer player of de 1995 season. She earn All-America honors from 1992 to 1995.

== Playing career ==

=== Club ===
Na MacMillan be one of de founding players of de Women's United Soccer Association, playing three seasons give de San Diego Spirit.

=== International ===
While still insyd college, MacMillan join de US National Team insyd 1993 as a midfielder. By 2000, she move go forward.

[[File:ShannonMAC_stl2.jpg|right|thumb|Shannon during a halftime workout]]

Insyd de Olympic semifinal against Norway insyd 1996, she score de game-winning goal insyd overtime. Insyd de Olympic final against China, she collect a [[Mia Hamm]] shot wey rebound off de post wey she put am insyd for de first goal of de match.

Na she be a &quot;super-sub&quot; on de US WNT ein 1999 Women's World Cup team den de 2000 Olympic team. She earn a spot on de roster for de 2003 Women's World Cup team after making a miraculously quick recovery from an ACL tear she suffer just four months before de tournament begin.

Insyd 2002, MacMillan score 17 goals wey na dem vote am de U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year.

She retire from international play insyd 2006 at de age of 31. She fini ein international career plus 60 goals den plus 175 caps, de tenth most of any woman insyd history up to dat time. Na she be de sixth-leading goal scorer insyd 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=U.S. WNT Forward Shannon MacMillan Retires From International Soccer |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/news/womens-national-team/2006/09/u-s-wnt-forward-shannon-macmillan-retires-from-international-soccer.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727214552/http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2006/09/U-S-WNT-Forward-Shannon-Macmillan-Retires-From-International-Soccer.aspx |archive-date=July 27, 2012 |access-date=September 23, 2012 |publisher=US Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Honors den awards ==

Na dem award MacMillan de MAC Hermann Trophy Award insyd 1995.  Na dem vote am U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of de Year insyd 2002. Na dem induct am into de Oregon Sports Hall of Fame on September 25, 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;ol&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 3, 2007 |title=2007 Oregon Hall of Fame inductees |url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/sportsupdates/2007/08/the_oregon_sports_hall_of.html |access-date=August 3, 2007 |work=OregonLive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a senior at Portland, she win de Honda Sports Award as de nation ein top soccer player.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Soccer |url=https://www.collegiatewomensportsawards.com/archives/soccer |language=en |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=CWSA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2010 |title=Schmidt One of Four Finalists for Honda Sports Award |url=https://portlandpilots.com/news/2010/12/13/WSOC_1213101144.aspx?path=wsoc |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=University of Portland Athletics |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Coaching career ==

Insyd 2007, MacMillan cam be an assistant coach give de UCLA women's soccer team. On January 7, 2010, na dem name am Director of de Competitive Program at de Del Mar Carmel Valley Sharks Soccer Club.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Shannon MacMillan leaves UCLA for DMCV Sharks |url=http://www.socceramerica.com/article/31113/shannon-macmillan-leaves-ucla-for-dmcv-sharks.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205854/http://www.socceramerica.com/article/31113/shannon-macmillan-leaves-ucla-for-dmcv-sharks.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=September 23, 2012 |publisher=Soccer America}}&lt;/ref&gt; After leaving DMCV Sharks, na dem name am de Director of Youth at de NWSL club Bay FC on July 21, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2026 |title=Bay FC Appoints Shannon Mac Millan as Director of Youth Bay FC |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/shannon-mac-millan-appointed-as-director-of-youth-20260720/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na she be a senior adviser to San Diego Loyal SC.

==International goals==
:''Scores den results list United States dema goal tally first.''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 12 May 1996 || [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], United States || {{fbw|CAN}} || align=center|'''3'''–0 || align=center| 6–0 || [[1996 Women's U.S. Cup]]
|-
| 2. || 23 July 1996 || [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], United States || {{fbw|SWE}} || align=center|'''2'''–0 || align=center| 2–1 || rowspan=3| [[Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics - Women's tournament|1996 Summer Olympics]]
|-
| 3. || 28 July 1996 || rowspan=2| [[Athens, Georgia|Athens]], United States || {{fbw|NOR}} || align=center|'''2'''–1 || align=center| 2–1
|-
| 4. || 1 August 1996 || {{fbw|CHN}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 2–1
|-
| 5. || 12 September 1998 || [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]], United States || {{fbw|MEX}} || align=center|'''?'''–0 || align=center| 9–0 || [[1998 Women's U.S. Cup]]
|-
| 6. || 27 June 1999 || Foxborough, United States || {{fbw|PRK}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 3–0 || [[1999 FIFA Women's World Cup]]
|-
| 7. || 12 March 2000 || [[Albufeira]], [[Portugal]] || {{fbw|POR}} || align=center|'''2'''–0 || align=center| 7–0 || rowspan=2| [[2000 Algarve Cup]]
|-
| 8. || 14 March 2000 || [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], Portugal || {{fbw|DEN}} || align=center|'''2'''–1 || align=center| 2–1
|- 
| 9. || rowspan=2| 5 May 2000 || rowspan=2| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], United States || rowspan=2| {{fbw|MEX}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 8–0 || rowspan=2| [[2000 Women's U.S. Cup]]
|-
| 10. || align=center|'''6'''–0
|-
| 11. || 23 June 2000 || [[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey]], United States || {{fbw|TRI}} || align=center|'''7'''–0 || align=center| 11–0 || rowspan=4| [[2000 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup]]
|-
| 12. || 25 June 2000 || rowspan=3| [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], United States || {{fbw|CRC}} || align=center|'''2'''–0 || align=center| 8–0
|-
| 13. || rowspan=2| 1 July 2000 || rowspan=2| {{fbw|CAN}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 4–1
|-
| 14. || align=center|'''2'''–0
|-
| 15. || 20 September 2000 || [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] || {{fbw|NGA}} || align=center|'''3'''–1 || align=center| 3–1 || [[Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics - Women's tournament|2000 Summer Olympics]]
|-
| 16. || 1 March 2002 || Albufeira, Portugal || {{fbw|SWE}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 1–1 || rowspan=7| [[2002 Algarve Cup]]
|-
| 17. || 3 March 2002 || [[Ferreiras]], Portugal || {{fbw|ENG}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 2–0
|-
| 18. || rowspan=2| 5 March 2002 || rowspan=2| Faro, Portugal || rowspan=2| {{fbw|NOR}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 2–3
|-
| 19. || align=center|'''2'''–2
|-
| 20. || rowspan=3| 7 March 2002 || rowspan=3| Albufeira, Portugal || rowspan=3| {{fbw|DEN}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || rowspan=3 align=center| 3–2
|-
| 21. || align=center|'''2'''–0
|-
| 22. || align=center|'''3'''–1
|-
| 23. || 27 October 2002 || [[Pasadena]], United States || {{fbw|MEX}} || align=center|'''3'''–0 || align=center| 3–0 || rowspan=4| [[2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup]]
|-
| 24. || rowspan=2| 2 November 2002 || rowspan=3| [[Seattle]], United States || rowspan=2| {{fbw|PAN}} || align=center|'''4'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 9–0 
|-
| 25. || align=center|'''5'''–0
|-
| 26. || 6 November 2002 || {{fbw|CRC}} || align=center|'''6'''–0 || align=center| 7–0
|- 
| 27. || 16 March 2003 || Ferreiras, Portugal || {{fbw|NOR}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 1–0 || rowspan=2| [[2003 Algarve Cup]]
|-
| 28. || 20 March 2003 || [[Loulé]], Portugal || {{fbw|CHN}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 2–0
|-
| 29. || 27 February 2004 || [[Heredia, Costa Rica|Heredia]], [[Costa Rica]] || {{fbw|HAI}} || align=center|'''4'''–0 || align=center| 8–0 || [[2004 CONCACAF Women's Pre-Olympic Tournament]]
|-
|}
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
==Read further==
* Grainey, Timothy (2012), ''Beyond Bend It Like Beckham: The Global Phenomenon of Women's Soccer'', University of Nebraska Press, {{ISBN|0-8032-4036-8}}
* Kassouf, Jeff (2011), ''Girls Play to Win Soccer'', Norwood House Press, {{ISBN|1-59953-464-9}}
* Lisi, Clemente A. (2010), ''The U.S. Women's Soccer Team: An American Success Story'', Scarecrow Press, {{ISBN|0-8108-7416-4}}
* Longman, Jere (2009), ''The Girls of Summer: The U.S. Women's Soccer Team and How it Changed the World'', HarperCollins, {{ISBN|0-06-187768-9}}
* Nash, Tim (2016), ''It's Not the Glory: The Remarkable First Thirty Years of US Women's Soccer'', Lulu, {{ISBN|1483451534}}
* Rutledge, Rachel (2000), ''The Best of the Best in Soccer'', First Avenue Edition, {{ISBN|0761313923}}
* Woolum, Janet (1998), ''Outstanding Women Athletes: Who They are and how They Influenced Sports in America'', Greenwood Publishing Group, {{ISBN|1573561207}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.ussoccer.com/bio/bio.sps?iBiographyID=1081 U.S. Soccer player profile]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313121029/http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_1211.htm  |title=Shannon MacMillan at the United States Olympic Team |date=mdy}}
* {{Olympics.com|shannon-macmillan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macmillan, Shannon}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:United States women's international soccer players]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Footballers at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for de United States insyd soccer]]
[[Category:Women's United Soccer Association players]]
[[Category:San Diego Spirit players]]
[[Category:Washington Freedom (soccer) players]]
[[Category:Portland Pilots women's soccer players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's Century Club]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Oregon]]
[[Category:American women's soccer players]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:Sportspeople wey komot Syosset, New York]]
[[Category:Soccer players wey komot Nassau County, New York]]
[[Category:1999 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players]]
[[Category:FIFA Women's World Cup–winning players]]
[[Category:Shiroki FC Serena players]]
[[Category:Nadeshiko League players]]
[[Category:Expatriate women's footballers insyd Japan]]
[[Category:American expatriate women's soccer players]]
[[Category:American expatriate sportspeople insyd Japan]]
[[Category:Women's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Women's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at de 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:UCLA Bruins women's soccer coaches]]
[[Category:National Soccer Hall of Fame members]]
[[Category:Hermann Trophy women's winners]]
[[Category:American soccer head coaches]]
[[Category:Angel City FC owners]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:San Pasqual High School (Escondido, California) alumni]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Virginia Commonwealth University alumni</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-09T22:58:54Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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    <title>Category:UNC Greensboro Spartans women's soccer coaches</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-09T22:59:05Z</timestamp>
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        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:VCU Rams women's soccer coaches</title>
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    <id>30223</id>
    <revision>
      <id>111720</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T22:59:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Clemson Tigers women's soccer coaches</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30224</id>
    <revision>
      <id>111721</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T22:59:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:American soccer head coaches</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30225</id>
    <revision>
      <id>111722</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T23:00:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Soccer players wey komot Denver</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30226</id>
    <revision>
      <id>111723</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T23:00:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Soccer players wey komot Greensboro, North Carolina</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30227</id>
    <revision>
      <id>111724</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T23:00:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:San Pasqual High School (Escondido, California) alumni</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30228</id>
    <revision>
      <id>111726</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T23:08:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Soccer players wey komot Nassau County, New York</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30229</id>
    <revision>
      <id>111727</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T23:09:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Sportspeople wey komot Syosset, New York</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30230</id>
    <revision>
      <id>111728</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-09T23:09:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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