User talk:DaSupremo

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      <text bytes="55220" sha1="c7fsxm7kgufl0e2c7x29w4jz5ituau1" xml:space="preserve">== Welcome to the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia! ==

Hi DaSupremo, and also ping @[[User:Yaw tuba|Yaw tuba]], @[[User:Gyanford|Gyanford]], @[[User:Feliciopedro2|Feliciopedro2]], @[[User:Sunkanmi12|Sunkanmi12]], @[[User:NanaKojo16|NanaKojo16]], @[[User:NanaYawBotar|NanaYawBotar]], @[[User:Afimaame|Afimaame]], @[[User:Elkay20|Elkay20]] and @[[User:Ibn Dagara|Ibn Dagara]].

Welcome to the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia! You and all your co-contributors have done a great job so far in getting here, and I would like to congratulate you on finally having the newest official Wikipedia edition! Well done to all of you!

For previous wikis, there have usually been some technical issues that take some time to fix, but for the first time in many years, I think all of the normal technical issues have actually already bene solved now, less than one day after the Wikipedia was created. Visual editor works like it should, the same with the DiscussionTools, Wikidata support has been enabled, and the statistics in [[Special:Statistics]] look correct.

But still, if you notice any issues, or if there are things you want to do but aren't able to for some reason, please feel free to reach out to me, and I can help figure out how to solve them.

Best of luck to all of you with your new Wikipedia, and happy editing! 🎉 [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) 01:07, 6 July 2023 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) thanks for that and we are also grateful for your continuous help and support. We would like to fix the use of bare URLS for references. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 13:48, 6 July 2023 (GMT)
:Thanks  [[User:NanaKojo16|NanaKojo16]] ([[User talk:NanaKojo16|talk]]) 08:38, 7 July 2023 (GMT)
==Modifications to the home page==
Hello dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]]
I've made a slight modification to the homepage, by adding the number of existing articles.
And I designed and programmed a new template for the introduction of the home page.
I hope you see it:[[User:Osps7/Test]]

With regards--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 18:26, 19 August 2023 (GMT)

:Wow...thanks for that. [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) It will help us track and remove vandalism on articles. Really grateful [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 21:38, 19 August 2023 (GMT)
==Important inquiry==
Dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I am trying to work on developing the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia by adding new tools and improving the work of the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia by adding software tools that contribute to increasing effectiveness and contribute to protecting the encyclopedia from vandalism.
I'm trying to work on an add-on (MediaWiki:Gadget-autocomplete.js)
But I need permissions, how can I request permissions?

With regards--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 11:42, 20 August 2023 (GMT)

:I think you can propose it on [[phab:|Phabricator]] and start working on it. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:36, 20 August 2023 (GMT)

== Suggestions ==

First off, congratulations on leading the creation of and becoming admin of this Wikipedia, which is still the newest AFAIK. Hope that this project continues to grow and thrive. Onto the suggestions: with regards to the references, I think if you used your admin permissions to import the CS1 citation templates from enwiki it would also take care of the dependent modules. Or maybe someone from the community should file a request on MetaWiki. Documentation templates would also be handy I also think it might be a good idea to add a system or template for handling linguistic issues: for instance, I've already seen a page copied from enwiki with no effort made to translate it (although I can't find the specific page right now). Thanks! [[User:MSG17|MSG17]] ([[User talk:MSG17|talk]]) 15:43, 24 August 2023 (GMT)

:Thanks for the good wishes. I would really need help cos I am not conversant with the templates. I will ask a couple of guys around. Thanks again [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:34, 24 August 2023 (GMT)
==suggestion==
Dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]],
What do you think of the idea of ​​adding a new section to the home page called “In the News” and updating it continuously?--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 12:00, 10 September 2023 (GMT)

:Sounds good. A very good idea [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:07, 10 September 2023 (GMT)

== Note ==

Dear @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I hope you are well.
Over the past few days, I have developed a bot that I will activate here soon. It will create categories and templates that will help us. [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 22:03, 3 November 2023 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]), I am good and you? Noted and thanks for the continuous support. We really appreciate it. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:21, 3 November 2023 (GMT)

== Translation ==
Hi, could you please translate this to Ghanaian Pidgin?

Guosa is a constructed interlanguage originally created by Alex Igbineweka in 1965. It was designed to be a combination of the indigenous languages of Nigeria and to serve as a lingua franca to West Africa.

It has the following characteristics:
* It is an isolating language with subject–verb–object word order.
* There are no articles.
* There is no grammatical gender or noun class system.
* Most grammatical meaning is expressed through particles that precede the words they modify.
* Adjectives follow the noun.
* Guosa is generally prepositional.

Thank you. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 07:12, 16 November 2023 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]), thanks for reaching out. This is the Ghanaian Pidgin translation:
:Guosa be constructed interlanguage wey Alex Igbineweka originally create am for 1965 insyd. Dem design am make e be combination of de indigenous languages for Nigeria wey e go serve as lingua franca go West Africa.
:E get de characteristics wey dey follow:
:•E be language wey dey isolate plus subject–verb–object word order.
:•No articles dey.
:•No grammatical gender anaa noun class system dey.
:•Dem dey express chaw grammatical meaning thru particles wey dey precede de words dem modify.
:•Adjectives dey follow de noun.
:•Guosa be generally prepositional. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:03, 16 November 2023 (GMT)

==Importing citation templates==
Was looking at importing cite journal, cite book, and cite web. Best way to do this would be to use this tool and select &quot;Include all templates and transcluded pages&quot; https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Import

Would be happy to but only certain user groups have permission to use the tool. Best [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 12:30, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
:By the way hope to see you do more healthcare translations. Once we get the templates imported things will come through better. Best [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 12:44, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
::Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) for this information. It is valuable for us. I have checked it out and I realized it is a good tool. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:05, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
:::Are you able to make me a member of one of these groups &quot;Administrators or Importers&quot; so that I can help. Looking at &quot;Template:Cite book&quot; and not sure it worked properly. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 23:17, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
::::No please. But I think you can request for a temporal admin [[metawiki:Steward_requests/Permissions#Administrator_access|here]] to enable you carry that task.  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:05, 27 October 2024 (GMT)

== delete ==

Can you please delete [[Talk:Audrey Sitsofe Gadzekpo]] and [[Talk:Joseph Kwame Kumah]]? they are orphaned. Best regards, [[User:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[User talk:TenWhile6|talk]]) 17:01, 14 November 2024 (GMT)

:Done [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 18:59, 14 November 2024 (GMT)

== Thank you for being a medical translator! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2024 Cure Translators Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2024 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&amp;project=all&amp;year=2024&amp;start=Filter joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We look forwards to working together in 2025.
|}

Thanks again :-)  -- [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User:Doc_James &lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:54, 26 January 2025 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Translators_2024&amp;oldid=28173086 --&gt;
:I appreciate the award. Hope to do more this year [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 10:24, 26 January 2025 (GMT)

== Request for help ==

Hello @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]],

My name is [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|Uzoma]], I am the Movement Communications Specialist supporting the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization]] team. I am reaching out because you [[mediawikiwiki:Translation_suggestions:_Topic-based_&amp;_Community-defined_lists/Collaborators#User_names_and_campaigns|indicated interest]] in participating in the [[mediawikiwiki:Translation_suggestions:_Topic-based_&amp;_Community-defined_lists|Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists]] project.

We now have the [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=sw&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en Community-defined list feature] in the [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=sw&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=draft&amp;from=en Content translation tool]. We want to approach organisers of Wiki campaigns that involve translation happening now or soon to add the collection tags to their article list. So that people who use the Content translation tool can discover these campaigns and participate directly from the moment they access the tool using their mobile device. The campaign suggestions will be in the &quot;All Collection&quot; category of the Translation suggestion feature in the tool, as illustrated in the GIF below.

[[File:How_to_select_a_specific_collection_&amp;_all_collections_(1).gif|Screen record of how to select a specific collection and &quot;all collections&quot;]]

'''Our request'''

Please help us by providing a list of the campaigns happening in your community and the organisers we can approach to add the tag. This is important to us because we need to learn from its usage for campaigns.

I would appreciate your help connecting me to the campaigns you are preparing for in your community.

I look forward to your response, and please let me know if you need any clarification. Thank you so much!

Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 22:28, 11 February 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] thanks for reaching out. The Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia will be participating in this year's [[metawiki:Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_2025/Participants#Participating_Communities|Wiki Loves Ramadan]]. I will keep you posted when the community participates in subsequent editathons and campaigns. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:43, 11 February 2025 (GMT)
::Thank you so much, @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], for this information. I will keep in touch.
::Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 18:47, 13 February 2025 (GMT)
:::Ok @[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:14, 13 February 2025 (GMT)

== Follow-up on Incomplete Information for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Hi DaSupremo,

Thank you for signing up your community for For Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Please provide the following missing information on the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants|participants' page of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]].

* Local Project Page Link
* Local Organizer
* Jury Tools Link
* Jury Members

''For the Team'', [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 05:49, 1 April 2025 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:ZI Jony|'''ZI Jony''']] [[User talk:ZI Jony|&lt;sup&gt;''(Talk)''&lt;/sup&gt;]], thanks for the message. Please none of the information above were created because I am the only person contributing on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia participating in the contest. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo#top|talk]]) 11:00, 1 April 2025 (UTC) [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:01, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], thank you for your efforts. Unfortunately, above requirements are mandatory. I would like to request you to create an local Wikipedia project page (you would be able to copy content from [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Sample|here]], and then translate in your local language). Ask others to join with you as local organizer and jury members. [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 14:23, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
:::Thanks. Can I still participate as a participant because we did not apply for a grant to organise this event so we have no funds to award winners and its associated cost? [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:29, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
::::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], you still can continue as an local participant. Most of local organizers work without grant, as there are international prizes available. [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 14:46, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
:::::Oh okay...thanks. I will set up the local page then. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 15:10, 1 April 2025 (GMT)

== Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May ==

Dear DaSupremo,

Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities!

This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''.

Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''

Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out.

Thank you for your continued dedication and support!


For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team 11:51, 2 May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&amp;oldid=28651179 --&gt;

==Testing the tool==
Hey DaSupremo was just testing the tool here and thus had put it in my user space. Article is not actually translated

https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabies&amp;action=history

[[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 15:24, 7 May 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Doc James|Doc James]], yeah I realized that and that is the reason I am moving them to mainspace and translating them. Thanks  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:01, 7 May 2025 (GMT)
::Excellent, and we have the disease infobox / other infoboxes formating correctly now. See [[Glioblastoma]] [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 15:59, 8 May 2025 (GMT)
:::Great. Thank you for this. Now we can have infoboxes on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. Greatly appreciated [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:28, 8 May 2025 (GMT)

== Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD ==

Dear DaSupremo,

This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD.

Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible:

* Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''
* Add a brief summary of your local event under the &quot;Results&quot; column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration.

If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team.

Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work!


''Warm regards,''&lt;br/&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', 02:39, 15 May 2025 (GMT)
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== Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Dear DaSupremo

Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms.

To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you.

* '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here]
* '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025

It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future.

Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns!


Warm regards,&lt;br/&gt;
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' 08:51, 19 May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Participants&amp;oldid=28751574 --&gt;

== Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 – Global Top 10 Winner: Congratulations! ==

'''Dear DaSupremo,'''

Congratulations! You have been selected as one of the '''Top 10 Global Winners''' (ranks 4 to 10) of the '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' campaign. Your contributions and participation have greatly enriched the project, and we sincerely appreciate your efforts.

To send you your prize and the official campaign T-shirt, we kindly request the following details:

* Full name:  
* Wikimedia username:  
* Country of residency:  
* Email address:  
* Preferred T-shirt size (M, L, XL):  
* Preferred T-shirt color (Black, White, Navy):  

'''Please send the above information within 24 hours to:''' '''support@wikilovesramadan.org'''

Your prize will be delivered through the [https://www.tremendous.com/catalog/ Tremendous] platform.

Also, we kindly request you to fill the '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Participant Feedback Form]''' at your earliest convenience.

Once again, thank you for your amazing contribution.

'''Best regards,'''  
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'', [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 03:43, 27 May 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]], Thanks for the message. I have some reservations about the Winner of the campaign. I do not understand the language but it is clear when an article is created in a particular language. Most of their contributions (from what I sampled) where actually 'discussion pages' rather than translated articles. See [[:bn:আলাপ:মরক্কোতে_আশুরা|this]], [[:bn:আলাপ:গ্রেটার_টলেডো_ইসলামিক_সেন্টার|this]], [[:bn:আলাপ:মুসলিম_আমেরিকান_সোসাইটি|this]] and most could be found on the [[xtools:pages/bn.wikipedia.org/Hasan muntaseer/1|Xtool]]. Moreover, they were not even registered on the dashboard as we were told it was a requirement. On the dashboard, only [[wmfdashboard:courses/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_2025|241 articles]] where created in the Bangla Wikipedia. I might be wrong but their results need to be reviewed to ensure fairness and transparency. Thank you. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 08:03, 27 May 2025 (GMT)
::[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I believe that the same question you maybe asked to Dnshitobu earlier! Mostly tracking categories are used in the talk page of the articles for almost all Wikipedia, including Bangla and English Wikipedia. They use a template on the article talk page where a description also placed, instead of using on the main articles. Using dashboard were not a mandatory tool, because many wikis' developed thier own jury tools, like Bangla, Ukrainian, even English Wikipedia also used a different tool called [https://fountain.toolforge.org Fountain], it’s depend on local organizers which tool they are comfortable to use. Bangla Wikipedia was submitted 1806 articles, due to non-relevant issue they removed several articles. For you clarity, Bangla Wikipedia was looking for additional jury members to complete thier jury process in time, and I joined to help then, in the meantime I have re-reviewd several articles. So, I believe that the jury process were well strictured and trusted. I kindly request you to provide the details you have been asked at your earliest convenience. Additional inquiry, are you attending EduWiki Conference 2025? Or, someone who can receive your gift and certificate from the conference let me know in the same email. Thank you! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 10:51, 27 May 2025 (GMT)
:::Ok...thanks for the detailed explanation. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:03, 27 May 2025 (GMT)

== [[José Rafael Córdero Sánchez]] ==

Hi DaSupremo, I need your help about this article because is a crosswiki spam, for more details please check: [[:nl:Overleg Wikipedia:Checklijst langdurig structureel vandalisme/Josercs1|this report]] from Dutch Wikipedia. Thank you. [[User:Taichi|Taichi]] ([[User talk:Taichi|talk]]) 23:48, 16 October 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Taichi|Taichi]]. Thanks for reaching out and well noted. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 00:01, 17 October 2025 (GMT)

== [[Samata (fashion entrepreneur)]] ==

Hi DaSupremo, I noticed that you expanded this article in 2023 by translating content from English Wikipedia. The English Wikipedia article was deleted earlier this year as most of the sources were found to be spam or unreliable. Other language Wikipedias like French, Arabic, Swahili and Igbo have also deleted this article on similar grounds. It seems the original English article was written by a spammer for promotional purposes, therefore the Ghanaian Pidgin article (which was primarily translated from English) should also be deleted. Let me know your thoughts. [[User:Acoustical|Acoustical]] ([[User talk:Acoustical|talk]]) 19:16, 25 November 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Acoustical|Acoustical]]. Thanks for reaching out and well noted. Since it has been deleted from other language Wikipedias, I think it should be deleted too on the Ghanaian Pidgin WIkipedia. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:32, 25 November 2025 (GMT)

== Undeletion Request ==

hello @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]]

I noticed that you previously improved the article about Adebayo Temitayo (Realjjfrosh). I wanted to let you know that the page was later deleted.

If you have time, I would appreciate any guidance on whether the sources used (Punch, Vanguard, ThisDay, BusinessDay, Daily Trust) meet the project’s notability standards, or how the article could be reworked to comply fully with policy.

Thank you for your earlier improvements and for any advice you may be able to offer. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|&amp;#126;2026-74643-7]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|talk]]) 12:13, 3 February 2026 (GMT)

:It was deleted because of (Spam and it was a ([[metawiki:steward|steward]] action)) [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:19, 3 February 2026 (GMT)
::Ok thanks  [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|&amp;#126;2026-74643-7]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|talk]]) 12:39, 3 February 2026 (GMT)

== Thank you for being a medical contributors! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; color: #000; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2025 Cure Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2025 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2025_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We appreciate you and the vital work you do! 

Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2026]]''', there are no associated costs.

Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating].
|}

Look forwards to collaborating in the year ahead. Thanks again :-)  -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 07:42, 14 February 2026 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:User:DaSupremo]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Thank you for being a medical translator! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; color: #000; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2025 Cure Translators Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2025 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&amp;user_group=all&amp;year=2025&amp;month=All joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public.

Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider formally joining the organization for 2026]]''', there are no associated costs.
|}

Look forwards to collaborating further in the year ahead. Thanks again :-)  -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 07:53, 14 February 2026 (GMT)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers &amp; Jury ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,

Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!

To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.

=== Internet &amp; Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.

'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''

Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.

=== Important Participation Guidelines ===

* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.

=== Community Engagement ===

* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊

Thank you for your collaboration!

''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''

Feminism and Folklore International Team.

–[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:17, 16 February 2026 (GMT)
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== Translation request ==

Hello, DaSupremo.

Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia? 

Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|talk]]) 07:39, 15 March 2026 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]]. Noted [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 13:22, 15 March 2026 (GMT)
::Hello, DaSupremo.
::Thank you very much for the new article.
::Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|talk]]) 16:43, 9 April 2026 (GMT)
:::Welcome @[[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:47, 9 April 2026 (GMT)

== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:57, 11 April 2026 (GMT)
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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 April 2026 (GMT) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Ghanaian Pidgin ==

Hello. I'm looking for Ghanaian Pidgin translation of descriptions of a few items for Wikidata. Would you help? [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 19:45, 7 May 2026 (GMT)

:Sure [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 20:07, 7 May 2026 (GMT)
:: I'm looking for:
: &quot;studio album by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;compilation album by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;song by Käärijä den Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;single by Käärijä den Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;promotional single by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;music video by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;lyric video by Basshunter&quot;
:: [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 20:17, 7 May 2026 (GMT)
:::@[[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] Done [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:25, 8 May 2026 (GMT)
:::: So they are almost like English with the only difference of &quot;den&quot;? [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 18:00, 8 May 2026 (GMT)
:::::Ghanaian Pidgin is more of English with a bit of local Ghanaian languages [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 18:50, 8 May 2026 (GMT)
:::::: Good to know. All added. Thanks a lot. [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 21:30, 8 May 2026 (GMT)

== Request writing about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) ==

hi DaSupremo Would you like to write about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) for the GPE Wikipedia? It'll be appreciated if it 'll be done. [[User:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[User talk:Boss-well63|talk]]) 18:41, 29 May 2026 (GMT)

== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, 

This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.

Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.

Best regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:09, 3 June 2026 (GMT)
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== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:05, 18 June 2026 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.

As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.

As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.

'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!

Best regards,

Feminism and Folklore international Team.

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:31, 18 June 2026 (GMT)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 journey! ==

Dear Organizer,

On behalf of the Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team, I want to send a massive thank you for your leadership and hard work during the 2026 campaign. Organizing local events, coordinating juries, and tracking metrics takes a lot of effort, and your dedication has been vital to bridging the knowledge gap regarding Islamic heritage and traditions.

As we wrap up this year's campaign, we would love to hear how things went in your community. We have put together the Organizer Feedback Form to capture your successes, challenges, and metrics.

* '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfDsuYSv2S4RCQuwAO9MlykJwgPIy-l9ENTr7I_GxpfVuo2TA/viewform
* '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026

Thank you again for championing this campaign. We couldn't do this without you.


Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:12, 29 June 2026 (GMT)
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== Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! ==

Dear Participant,

Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. 

We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. 

* '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform

Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon!  Happy editing,


Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 June 2026 (GMT)
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== Congratulations! You are an International Winner for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==
Hello DaSupremo

On behalf of the '''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', I am absolutely thrilled to inform you that you have been selected as an International Winner for the 2026 Content Writing Competition! Your incredible dedication to writing and expanding articles has been recognized, and you have officially won the '''Consolation top 10 winner'''.

To claim your prize, we have just sent an important email to the address linked to your Wikimedia account from '''support@wikilovesramadan.org'''.

Action required: Please check your email inbox right away. If you don't see it, make sure to check your Spam, Promotions, or Social folders, as official emails sometimes get filtered there by mistake.

Please follow the instructions in that email to fill out your winner's form so we can process your reward.

Congratulations again on this amazing achievement, and thank you for helping us share Islamic history and culture with the world! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 16:31, 30 June 2026 (GMT)

== Nuking ==
Could you undo the nuking you just did on the editing I was doing the past few days? I put a lot of work into that, like with making sure the coding worked into Ghanaian Pidgin for &quot;Module:If preview/styles.css&quot; and so-on: like my entire weekend was spent just on this. And I saw you were helping correct any mistakes I had made with translating, which I appreciated, so I don't know why you've changed course. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39972-87|&amp;#126;2026-39972-87]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39972-87|talk]]) 22:43, 14 July 2026 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:~2026-39972-87|~2026-39972-87]]. Thanks for reaching out. I deleted your edits because they were not properly translated into the Ghanaian Pidgin and I initially cautioned you. You continued making wrong translations using AI. I am the only admin for this language and it is making my work tedious. Because of your bad translations I can not keep up with edits which could involve vandalism and spamming articles.  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:54, 14 July 2026 (GMT)
::Right, okay: I will slow down, keep things simpler/not tedious so they can be reviewed. Could you however un-nuke the code-related articles in the meantime: just those ones specifically? That took hours to do, like to make sure I had all the right code sections moved over not to cause errors. And I found a good number of code sections you created where you hadn’t actually transferred over the documentation that made those sections works. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39763-56|&amp;#126;2026-39763-56]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39763-56|talk]]) 23:21, 14 July 2026 (GMT)
:::Hello @[[User:~2026-39763-56|~2026-39763-56]], thanks for understanding and please keep the edits simple to aid in making any necessary corrections. I really appreciate the edits you made but I just could not keep up with the reviewing process hence the reason I deleted them. I am very sorry about that. I will also would like to ask you to create an account if you are comfortable to prevent valuable edits like yours being deleted since it is on a temporal account. Thanks  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 23:26, 14 July 2026 (GMT)
::::I can do that, yes, thank you. Can you though restore the code article creations like Infobox character? Looking through your logs, you should be able to tell which ones are code articles from the names. Or if you want I can list them. Since even with an account those would take a ''while'' to create again. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39870-28|&amp;#126;2026-39870-28]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39870-28|talk]]) 11:45, 15 July 2026 (GMT)
:::::Hello @[[User:~2026-39870-28|~2026-39870-28]], please can you share them with me. I tried searching for them but your username keeps changing because it is a temporal account. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:35, 15 July 2026 (GMT)
::::::Your [[Special:Log/DaSupremo|logs from the 14th of July list them all here]]: is that helpful? I also tried doing a more simple article [[Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy)|here]]: is this acceptable, or is it ''too'' simple )requiring more detail)? [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39923-93|&amp;#126;2026-39923-93]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39923-93|talk]]) 13:40, 16 July 2026 (GMT)
:::::::Hello @[[User:~2026-39923-93|~2026-39923-93]]. Thanks. It helps and the article looks ''too'' simple. You can improve on it but the mass edit won't be of help. Thanks for your understanding [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:34, 16 July 2026 (GMT)

== Gentle Reminder: Kindly submit your Organizer Feedback for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Organizer,

Hope you are doing well and keeping safe.

We are reaching out to express our heartfelt gratitude for your relentless efforts and dedication in organizing Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 in your local community. Organizing campaigns takes a lot of hard work, and your leadership has truly made a wonderful impact in bridging the knowledge gap regarding Islamic history and culture.

As we are wrapping up this year’s activities, we kindly remind you to share your local campaign report and experience with us. If you haven't done so already, please take a few minutes to fill out the Organizer Feedback Form.

* '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfDsuYSv2S4RCQuwAO9MlykJwgPIy-l9ENTr7I_GxpfVuo2TA/viewform
* '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026

Your feedback is incredibly valuable to us. It will not only help us prepare our global impact report but also guide us in securing better resources and funding for organizers like you in the upcoming years. (You will also find a small section inside the form to provide your local language translations for the 2027 campaign banners!).

Thank you so much for being a pillar of this campaign. Together, we can make the 2027 edition even more successful!


Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:47, 19 July 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Organizers&amp;oldid=30750499 --&gt;

== Lua module Yesno protection ==
Hello, DaSupremo. Could you please protect [[Module:Yesno]] so that only administrators can edit it?

Below is a list of Lua modules that indicate &quot;This module is subject to page protection,&quot; but are not currently protected:
# [[Module:Citation/CS1]]
# [[Module:Data]]
# [[Module:Error]]
# [[Module:Icon]]
# [[Module:Medals table]]
# [[Module:Portal bar]]
# [[Module:WikidataCheck]]

See the list of Lua [https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ProtectedPages?namespace=828&amp;type=edit&amp;level=0&amp;size-mode=min&amp;size= protected] modules.&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks in advance.&lt;br /&gt; [[User:Nimmzo|Nimmzo]] ([[User talk:Nimmzo|talk]]) 20:30, 15 September 2026 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Nimmzo|Nimmzo]]. Thanks for this information. They are protected now. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:18, 15 September 2026 (GMT)

== Let's start preparing for Feminism and Folklore 2027! ==
&lt;div style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa; color:#202122; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius:4px; padding:20px; margin:10px 0;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Feminism and Folklore organisers,

We are happy to invite you to start preparing for the '''Feminism and Folklore 2027''' edition!

The next Wikimedia Foundation [[:m:Grants/Rapid|Rapid Grant]] application cycle, Cycle 3, starts on '''1 November 2026'''. If you are planning to organise Feminism and Folklore in your country or region in 2027, we encourage you to start working on your project plans, Wikipedia workshops, community activities, local events, and budget ahead of the application period.

In particular, organisers are encouraged to consider activities that support participants in creating and improving Wikipedia articles and other Wikimedia projects related to feminism, women, gender and local cultural heritage. You may also include expenses related to local prizes and other forms of recognition for contributors, where appropriate.

Please review the [[:m:Grants/Rapid|Rapid Grant application process]] and prepare your application for the upcoming cycle.

'''Once you submit your application and it appears on Meta, please share the link to your Rapid Grant application with support{{@}}wikilovesfolklore.org and copy team{{@}}wikilovesfolklore.org.'''

This will allow the Feminism and Folklore team to endorse your application when the Wikimedia Foundation Grants Team reaches out to us for confirmation.

If you have any questions or concerns about the Rapid Grant application process, please contact support{{@}}wikilovesfolklore.org.

Thank you for your continued support and for all the work you do to document and celebrate the knowledge, stories, and contributions of women and gender-diverse communities around the world. We look forward to supporting your applications and working together towards another successful edition!

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International team'''

&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:54, 3 October 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&amp;oldid=31123349 --&gt;

Why did you delete Realjjfrosh article ? Do the article looks like spam to you ?, can’t you differentiate between a notable article to Spam article ? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-53569-90|~2026-53569-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-53569-90|talk]]) 15:40, 5 October 2026 (GMT)</text>
      <sha1>c7fsxm7kgufl0e2c7x29w4jz5ituau1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>114207</id>
      <parentid>114206</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:41:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-53569-90</username>
        <id>8176</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Let's start preparing for Feminism and Folklore 2027! */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>114207</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55450" sha1="hduq8e1susuxas03x0567y0xa884pii" xml:space="preserve">== Welcome to the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia! ==

Hi DaSupremo, and also ping @[[User:Yaw tuba|Yaw tuba]], @[[User:Gyanford|Gyanford]], @[[User:Feliciopedro2|Feliciopedro2]], @[[User:Sunkanmi12|Sunkanmi12]], @[[User:NanaKojo16|NanaKojo16]], @[[User:NanaYawBotar|NanaYawBotar]], @[[User:Afimaame|Afimaame]], @[[User:Elkay20|Elkay20]] and @[[User:Ibn Dagara|Ibn Dagara]].

Welcome to the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia! You and all your co-contributors have done a great job so far in getting here, and I would like to congratulate you on finally having the newest official Wikipedia edition! Well done to all of you!

For previous wikis, there have usually been some technical issues that take some time to fix, but for the first time in many years, I think all of the normal technical issues have actually already bene solved now, less than one day after the Wikipedia was created. Visual editor works like it should, the same with the DiscussionTools, Wikidata support has been enabled, and the statistics in [[Special:Statistics]] look correct.

But still, if you notice any issues, or if there are things you want to do but aren't able to for some reason, please feel free to reach out to me, and I can help figure out how to solve them.

Best of luck to all of you with your new Wikipedia, and happy editing! 🎉 [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) 01:07, 6 July 2023 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) thanks for that and we are also grateful for your continuous help and support. We would like to fix the use of bare URLS for references. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 13:48, 6 July 2023 (GMT)
:Thanks  [[User:NanaKojo16|NanaKojo16]] ([[User talk:NanaKojo16|talk]]) 08:38, 7 July 2023 (GMT)
==Modifications to the home page==
Hello dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]]
I've made a slight modification to the homepage, by adding the number of existing articles.
And I designed and programmed a new template for the introduction of the home page.
I hope you see it:[[User:Osps7/Test]]

With regards--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 18:26, 19 August 2023 (GMT)

:Wow...thanks for that. [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) It will help us track and remove vandalism on articles. Really grateful [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 21:38, 19 August 2023 (GMT)
==Important inquiry==
Dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I am trying to work on developing the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia by adding new tools and improving the work of the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia by adding software tools that contribute to increasing effectiveness and contribute to protecting the encyclopedia from vandalism.
I'm trying to work on an add-on (MediaWiki:Gadget-autocomplete.js)
But I need permissions, how can I request permissions?

With regards--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 11:42, 20 August 2023 (GMT)

:I think you can propose it on [[phab:|Phabricator]] and start working on it. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:36, 20 August 2023 (GMT)

== Suggestions ==

First off, congratulations on leading the creation of and becoming admin of this Wikipedia, which is still the newest AFAIK. Hope that this project continues to grow and thrive. Onto the suggestions: with regards to the references, I think if you used your admin permissions to import the CS1 citation templates from enwiki it would also take care of the dependent modules. Or maybe someone from the community should file a request on MetaWiki. Documentation templates would also be handy I also think it might be a good idea to add a system or template for handling linguistic issues: for instance, I've already seen a page copied from enwiki with no effort made to translate it (although I can't find the specific page right now). Thanks! [[User:MSG17|MSG17]] ([[User talk:MSG17|talk]]) 15:43, 24 August 2023 (GMT)

:Thanks for the good wishes. I would really need help cos I am not conversant with the templates. I will ask a couple of guys around. Thanks again [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:34, 24 August 2023 (GMT)
==suggestion==
Dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]],
What do you think of the idea of ​​adding a new section to the home page called “In the News” and updating it continuously?--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 12:00, 10 September 2023 (GMT)

:Sounds good. A very good idea [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:07, 10 September 2023 (GMT)

== Note ==

Dear @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I hope you are well.
Over the past few days, I have developed a bot that I will activate here soon. It will create categories and templates that will help us. [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 22:03, 3 November 2023 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]), I am good and you? Noted and thanks for the continuous support. We really appreciate it. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:21, 3 November 2023 (GMT)

== Translation ==
Hi, could you please translate this to Ghanaian Pidgin?

Guosa is a constructed interlanguage originally created by Alex Igbineweka in 1965. It was designed to be a combination of the indigenous languages of Nigeria and to serve as a lingua franca to West Africa.

It has the following characteristics:
* It is an isolating language with subject–verb–object word order.
* There are no articles.
* There is no grammatical gender or noun class system.
* Most grammatical meaning is expressed through particles that precede the words they modify.
* Adjectives follow the noun.
* Guosa is generally prepositional.

Thank you. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 07:12, 16 November 2023 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]), thanks for reaching out. This is the Ghanaian Pidgin translation:
:Guosa be constructed interlanguage wey Alex Igbineweka originally create am for 1965 insyd. Dem design am make e be combination of de indigenous languages for Nigeria wey e go serve as lingua franca go West Africa.
:E get de characteristics wey dey follow:
:•E be language wey dey isolate plus subject–verb–object word order.
:•No articles dey.
:•No grammatical gender anaa noun class system dey.
:•Dem dey express chaw grammatical meaning thru particles wey dey precede de words dem modify.
:•Adjectives dey follow de noun.
:•Guosa be generally prepositional. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:03, 16 November 2023 (GMT)

==Importing citation templates==
Was looking at importing cite journal, cite book, and cite web. Best way to do this would be to use this tool and select &quot;Include all templates and transcluded pages&quot; https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Import

Would be happy to but only certain user groups have permission to use the tool. Best [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 12:30, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
:By the way hope to see you do more healthcare translations. Once we get the templates imported things will come through better. Best [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 12:44, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
::Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) for this information. It is valuable for us. I have checked it out and I realized it is a good tool. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:05, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
:::Are you able to make me a member of one of these groups &quot;Administrators or Importers&quot; so that I can help. Looking at &quot;Template:Cite book&quot; and not sure it worked properly. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 23:17, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
::::No please. But I think you can request for a temporal admin [[metawiki:Steward_requests/Permissions#Administrator_access|here]] to enable you carry that task.  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:05, 27 October 2024 (GMT)

== delete ==

Can you please delete [[Talk:Audrey Sitsofe Gadzekpo]] and [[Talk:Joseph Kwame Kumah]]? they are orphaned. Best regards, [[User:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[User talk:TenWhile6|talk]]) 17:01, 14 November 2024 (GMT)

:Done [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 18:59, 14 November 2024 (GMT)

== Thank you for being a medical translator! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2024 Cure Translators Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2024 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&amp;project=all&amp;year=2024&amp;start=Filter joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We look forwards to working together in 2025.
|}

Thanks again :-)  -- [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User:Doc_James &lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:54, 26 January 2025 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Translators_2024&amp;oldid=28173086 --&gt;
:I appreciate the award. Hope to do more this year [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 10:24, 26 January 2025 (GMT)

== Request for help ==

Hello @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]],

My name is [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|Uzoma]], I am the Movement Communications Specialist supporting the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization]] team. I am reaching out because you [[mediawikiwiki:Translation_suggestions:_Topic-based_&amp;_Community-defined_lists/Collaborators#User_names_and_campaigns|indicated interest]] in participating in the [[mediawikiwiki:Translation_suggestions:_Topic-based_&amp;_Community-defined_lists|Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists]] project.

We now have the [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=sw&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en Community-defined list feature] in the [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=sw&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=draft&amp;from=en Content translation tool]. We want to approach organisers of Wiki campaigns that involve translation happening now or soon to add the collection tags to their article list. So that people who use the Content translation tool can discover these campaigns and participate directly from the moment they access the tool using their mobile device. The campaign suggestions will be in the &quot;All Collection&quot; category of the Translation suggestion feature in the tool, as illustrated in the GIF below.

[[File:How_to_select_a_specific_collection_&amp;_all_collections_(1).gif|Screen record of how to select a specific collection and &quot;all collections&quot;]]

'''Our request'''

Please help us by providing a list of the campaigns happening in your community and the organisers we can approach to add the tag. This is important to us because we need to learn from its usage for campaigns.

I would appreciate your help connecting me to the campaigns you are preparing for in your community.

I look forward to your response, and please let me know if you need any clarification. Thank you so much!

Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 22:28, 11 February 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] thanks for reaching out. The Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia will be participating in this year's [[metawiki:Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_2025/Participants#Participating_Communities|Wiki Loves Ramadan]]. I will keep you posted when the community participates in subsequent editathons and campaigns. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:43, 11 February 2025 (GMT)
::Thank you so much, @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], for this information. I will keep in touch.
::Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 18:47, 13 February 2025 (GMT)
:::Ok @[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:14, 13 February 2025 (GMT)

== Follow-up on Incomplete Information for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Hi DaSupremo,

Thank you for signing up your community for For Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Please provide the following missing information on the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants|participants' page of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]].

* Local Project Page Link
* Local Organizer
* Jury Tools Link
* Jury Members

''For the Team'', [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 05:49, 1 April 2025 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:ZI Jony|'''ZI Jony''']] [[User talk:ZI Jony|&lt;sup&gt;''(Talk)''&lt;/sup&gt;]], thanks for the message. Please none of the information above were created because I am the only person contributing on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia participating in the contest. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo#top|talk]]) 11:00, 1 April 2025 (UTC) [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:01, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], thank you for your efforts. Unfortunately, above requirements are mandatory. I would like to request you to create an local Wikipedia project page (you would be able to copy content from [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Sample|here]], and then translate in your local language). Ask others to join with you as local organizer and jury members. [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 14:23, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
:::Thanks. Can I still participate as a participant because we did not apply for a grant to organise this event so we have no funds to award winners and its associated cost? [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:29, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
::::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], you still can continue as an local participant. Most of local organizers work without grant, as there are international prizes available. [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 14:46, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
:::::Oh okay...thanks. I will set up the local page then. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 15:10, 1 April 2025 (GMT)

== Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May ==

Dear DaSupremo,

Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities!

This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''.

Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''

Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out.

Thank you for your continued dedication and support!


For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team 11:51, 2 May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&amp;oldid=28651179 --&gt;

==Testing the tool==
Hey DaSupremo was just testing the tool here and thus had put it in my user space. Article is not actually translated

https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabies&amp;action=history

[[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 15:24, 7 May 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Doc James|Doc James]], yeah I realized that and that is the reason I am moving them to mainspace and translating them. Thanks  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:01, 7 May 2025 (GMT)
::Excellent, and we have the disease infobox / other infoboxes formating correctly now. See [[Glioblastoma]] [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 15:59, 8 May 2025 (GMT)
:::Great. Thank you for this. Now we can have infoboxes on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. Greatly appreciated [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:28, 8 May 2025 (GMT)

== Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD ==

Dear DaSupremo,

This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD.

Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible:

* Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''
* Add a brief summary of your local event under the &quot;Results&quot; column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration.

If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team.

Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work!


''Warm regards,''&lt;br/&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', 02:39, 15 May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&amp;oldid=28651179 --&gt;

== Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Dear DaSupremo

Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms.

To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you.

* '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here]
* '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025

It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future.

Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns!


Warm regards,&lt;br/&gt;
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' 08:51, 19 May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Participants&amp;oldid=28751574 --&gt;

== Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 – Global Top 10 Winner: Congratulations! ==

'''Dear DaSupremo,'''

Congratulations! You have been selected as one of the '''Top 10 Global Winners''' (ranks 4 to 10) of the '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' campaign. Your contributions and participation have greatly enriched the project, and we sincerely appreciate your efforts.

To send you your prize and the official campaign T-shirt, we kindly request the following details:

* Full name:  
* Wikimedia username:  
* Country of residency:  
* Email address:  
* Preferred T-shirt size (M, L, XL):  
* Preferred T-shirt color (Black, White, Navy):  

'''Please send the above information within 24 hours to:''' '''support@wikilovesramadan.org'''

Your prize will be delivered through the [https://www.tremendous.com/catalog/ Tremendous] platform.

Also, we kindly request you to fill the '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Participant Feedback Form]''' at your earliest convenience.

Once again, thank you for your amazing contribution.

'''Best regards,'''  
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'', [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 03:43, 27 May 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]], Thanks for the message. I have some reservations about the Winner of the campaign. I do not understand the language but it is clear when an article is created in a particular language. Most of their contributions (from what I sampled) where actually 'discussion pages' rather than translated articles. See [[:bn:আলাপ:মরক্কোতে_আশুরা|this]], [[:bn:আলাপ:গ্রেটার_টলেডো_ইসলামিক_সেন্টার|this]], [[:bn:আলাপ:মুসলিম_আমেরিকান_সোসাইটি|this]] and most could be found on the [[xtools:pages/bn.wikipedia.org/Hasan muntaseer/1|Xtool]]. Moreover, they were not even registered on the dashboard as we were told it was a requirement. On the dashboard, only [[wmfdashboard:courses/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_2025|241 articles]] where created in the Bangla Wikipedia. I might be wrong but their results need to be reviewed to ensure fairness and transparency. Thank you. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 08:03, 27 May 2025 (GMT)
::[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I believe that the same question you maybe asked to Dnshitobu earlier! Mostly tracking categories are used in the talk page of the articles for almost all Wikipedia, including Bangla and English Wikipedia. They use a template on the article talk page where a description also placed, instead of using on the main articles. Using dashboard were not a mandatory tool, because many wikis' developed thier own jury tools, like Bangla, Ukrainian, even English Wikipedia also used a different tool called [https://fountain.toolforge.org Fountain], it’s depend on local organizers which tool they are comfortable to use. Bangla Wikipedia was submitted 1806 articles, due to non-relevant issue they removed several articles. For you clarity, Bangla Wikipedia was looking for additional jury members to complete thier jury process in time, and I joined to help then, in the meantime I have re-reviewd several articles. So, I believe that the jury process were well strictured and trusted. I kindly request you to provide the details you have been asked at your earliest convenience. Additional inquiry, are you attending EduWiki Conference 2025? Or, someone who can receive your gift and certificate from the conference let me know in the same email. Thank you! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 10:51, 27 May 2025 (GMT)
:::Ok...thanks for the detailed explanation. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:03, 27 May 2025 (GMT)

== [[José Rafael Córdero Sánchez]] ==

Hi DaSupremo, I need your help about this article because is a crosswiki spam, for more details please check: [[:nl:Overleg Wikipedia:Checklijst langdurig structureel vandalisme/Josercs1|this report]] from Dutch Wikipedia. Thank you. [[User:Taichi|Taichi]] ([[User talk:Taichi|talk]]) 23:48, 16 October 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Taichi|Taichi]]. Thanks for reaching out and well noted. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 00:01, 17 October 2025 (GMT)

== [[Samata (fashion entrepreneur)]] ==

Hi DaSupremo, I noticed that you expanded this article in 2023 by translating content from English Wikipedia. The English Wikipedia article was deleted earlier this year as most of the sources were found to be spam or unreliable. Other language Wikipedias like French, Arabic, Swahili and Igbo have also deleted this article on similar grounds. It seems the original English article was written by a spammer for promotional purposes, therefore the Ghanaian Pidgin article (which was primarily translated from English) should also be deleted. Let me know your thoughts. [[User:Acoustical|Acoustical]] ([[User talk:Acoustical|talk]]) 19:16, 25 November 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Acoustical|Acoustical]]. Thanks for reaching out and well noted. Since it has been deleted from other language Wikipedias, I think it should be deleted too on the Ghanaian Pidgin WIkipedia. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:32, 25 November 2025 (GMT)

== Undeletion Request ==

hello @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]]

I noticed that you previously improved the article about Adebayo Temitayo (Realjjfrosh). I wanted to let you know that the page was later deleted.

If you have time, I would appreciate any guidance on whether the sources used (Punch, Vanguard, ThisDay, BusinessDay, Daily Trust) meet the project’s notability standards, or how the article could be reworked to comply fully with policy.

Thank you for your earlier improvements and for any advice you may be able to offer. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|&amp;#126;2026-74643-7]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|talk]]) 12:13, 3 February 2026 (GMT)

:It was deleted because of (Spam and it was a ([[metawiki:steward|steward]] action)) [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:19, 3 February 2026 (GMT)
::Ok thanks  [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|&amp;#126;2026-74643-7]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|talk]]) 12:39, 3 February 2026 (GMT)

== Thank you for being a medical contributors! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; color: #000; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2025 Cure Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2025 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2025_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We appreciate you and the vital work you do! 

Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2026]]''', there are no associated costs.

Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating].
|}

Look forwards to collaborating in the year ahead. Thanks again :-)  -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 07:42, 14 February 2026 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:User:DaSupremo]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2025&amp;oldid=30070084 --&gt;

== Thank you for being a medical translator! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; color: #000; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2025 Cure Translators Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2025 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&amp;user_group=all&amp;year=2025&amp;month=All joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public.

Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider formally joining the organization for 2026]]''', there are no associated costs.
|}

Look forwards to collaborating further in the year ahead. Thanks again :-)  -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 07:53, 14 February 2026 (GMT)
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(This message was sent to [[:User:DaSupremo]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers &amp; Jury ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,

Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!

To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.

=== Internet &amp; Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.

'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''

Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.

=== Important Participation Guidelines ===

* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.

=== Community Engagement ===

* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊

Thank you for your collaboration!

''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''

Feminism and Folklore International Team.

–[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:17, 16 February 2026 (GMT)
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== Translation request ==

Hello, DaSupremo.

Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia? 

Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|talk]]) 07:39, 15 March 2026 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]]. Noted [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 13:22, 15 March 2026 (GMT)
::Hello, DaSupremo.
::Thank you very much for the new article.
::Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|talk]]) 16:43, 9 April 2026 (GMT)
:::Welcome @[[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:47, 9 April 2026 (GMT)

== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:57, 11 April 2026 (GMT)
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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 April 2026 (GMT) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Ghanaian Pidgin ==

Hello. I'm looking for Ghanaian Pidgin translation of descriptions of a few items for Wikidata. Would you help? [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 19:45, 7 May 2026 (GMT)

:Sure [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 20:07, 7 May 2026 (GMT)
:: I'm looking for:
: &quot;studio album by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;compilation album by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;song by Käärijä den Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;single by Käärijä den Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;promotional single by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;music video by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;lyric video by Basshunter&quot;
:: [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 20:17, 7 May 2026 (GMT)
:::@[[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] Done [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:25, 8 May 2026 (GMT)
:::: So they are almost like English with the only difference of &quot;den&quot;? [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 18:00, 8 May 2026 (GMT)
:::::Ghanaian Pidgin is more of English with a bit of local Ghanaian languages [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 18:50, 8 May 2026 (GMT)
:::::: Good to know. All added. Thanks a lot. [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 21:30, 8 May 2026 (GMT)

== Request writing about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) ==

hi DaSupremo Would you like to write about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) for the GPE Wikipedia? It'll be appreciated if it 'll be done. [[User:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[User talk:Boss-well63|talk]]) 18:41, 29 May 2026 (GMT)

== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, 

This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.

Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.

Best regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:09, 3 June 2026 (GMT)
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== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:05, 18 June 2026 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.

As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.

As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.

'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!

Best regards,

Feminism and Folklore international Team.

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:31, 18 June 2026 (GMT)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 journey! ==

Dear Organizer,

On behalf of the Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team, I want to send a massive thank you for your leadership and hard work during the 2026 campaign. Organizing local events, coordinating juries, and tracking metrics takes a lot of effort, and your dedication has been vital to bridging the knowledge gap regarding Islamic heritage and traditions.

As we wrap up this year's campaign, we would love to hear how things went in your community. We have put together the Organizer Feedback Form to capture your successes, challenges, and metrics.

* '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfDsuYSv2S4RCQuwAO9MlykJwgPIy-l9ENTr7I_GxpfVuo2TA/viewform
* '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026

Thank you again for championing this campaign. We couldn't do this without you.


Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:12, 29 June 2026 (GMT)
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== Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! ==

Dear Participant,

Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. 

We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. 

* '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform

Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon!  Happy editing,


Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 June 2026 (GMT)
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== Congratulations! You are an International Winner for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==
Hello DaSupremo

On behalf of the '''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', I am absolutely thrilled to inform you that you have been selected as an International Winner for the 2026 Content Writing Competition! Your incredible dedication to writing and expanding articles has been recognized, and you have officially won the '''Consolation top 10 winner'''.

To claim your prize, we have just sent an important email to the address linked to your Wikimedia account from '''support@wikilovesramadan.org'''.

Action required: Please check your email inbox right away. If you don't see it, make sure to check your Spam, Promotions, or Social folders, as official emails sometimes get filtered there by mistake.

Please follow the instructions in that email to fill out your winner's form so we can process your reward.

Congratulations again on this amazing achievement, and thank you for helping us share Islamic history and culture with the world! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 16:31, 30 June 2026 (GMT)

== Nuking ==
Could you undo the nuking you just did on the editing I was doing the past few days? I put a lot of work into that, like with making sure the coding worked into Ghanaian Pidgin for &quot;Module:If preview/styles.css&quot; and so-on: like my entire weekend was spent just on this. And I saw you were helping correct any mistakes I had made with translating, which I appreciated, so I don't know why you've changed course. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39972-87|&amp;#126;2026-39972-87]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39972-87|talk]]) 22:43, 14 July 2026 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:~2026-39972-87|~2026-39972-87]]. Thanks for reaching out. I deleted your edits because they were not properly translated into the Ghanaian Pidgin and I initially cautioned you. You continued making wrong translations using AI. I am the only admin for this language and it is making my work tedious. Because of your bad translations I can not keep up with edits which could involve vandalism and spamming articles.  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:54, 14 July 2026 (GMT)
::Right, okay: I will slow down, keep things simpler/not tedious so they can be reviewed. Could you however un-nuke the code-related articles in the meantime: just those ones specifically? That took hours to do, like to make sure I had all the right code sections moved over not to cause errors. And I found a good number of code sections you created where you hadn’t actually transferred over the documentation that made those sections works. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39763-56|&amp;#126;2026-39763-56]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39763-56|talk]]) 23:21, 14 July 2026 (GMT)
:::Hello @[[User:~2026-39763-56|~2026-39763-56]], thanks for understanding and please keep the edits simple to aid in making any necessary corrections. I really appreciate the edits you made but I just could not keep up with the reviewing process hence the reason I deleted them. I am very sorry about that. I will also would like to ask you to create an account if you are comfortable to prevent valuable edits like yours being deleted since it is on a temporal account. Thanks  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 23:26, 14 July 2026 (GMT)
::::I can do that, yes, thank you. Can you though restore the code article creations like Infobox character? Looking through your logs, you should be able to tell which ones are code articles from the names. Or if you want I can list them. Since even with an account those would take a ''while'' to create again. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39870-28|&amp;#126;2026-39870-28]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39870-28|talk]]) 11:45, 15 July 2026 (GMT)
:::::Hello @[[User:~2026-39870-28|~2026-39870-28]], please can you share them with me. I tried searching for them but your username keeps changing because it is a temporal account. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:35, 15 July 2026 (GMT)
::::::Your [[Special:Log/DaSupremo|logs from the 14th of July list them all here]]: is that helpful? I also tried doing a more simple article [[Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy)|here]]: is this acceptable, or is it ''too'' simple )requiring more detail)? [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39923-93|&amp;#126;2026-39923-93]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39923-93|talk]]) 13:40, 16 July 2026 (GMT)
:::::::Hello @[[User:~2026-39923-93|~2026-39923-93]]. Thanks. It helps and the article looks ''too'' simple. You can improve on it but the mass edit won't be of help. Thanks for your understanding [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:34, 16 July 2026 (GMT)

== Gentle Reminder: Kindly submit your Organizer Feedback for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Organizer,

Hope you are doing well and keeping safe.

We are reaching out to express our heartfelt gratitude for your relentless efforts and dedication in organizing Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 in your local community. Organizing campaigns takes a lot of hard work, and your leadership has truly made a wonderful impact in bridging the knowledge gap regarding Islamic history and culture.

As we are wrapping up this year’s activities, we kindly remind you to share your local campaign report and experience with us. If you haven't done so already, please take a few minutes to fill out the Organizer Feedback Form.

* '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfDsuYSv2S4RCQuwAO9MlykJwgPIy-l9ENTr7I_GxpfVuo2TA/viewform
* '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026

Your feedback is incredibly valuable to us. It will not only help us prepare our global impact report but also guide us in securing better resources and funding for organizers like you in the upcoming years. (You will also find a small section inside the form to provide your local language translations for the 2027 campaign banners!).

Thank you so much for being a pillar of this campaign. Together, we can make the 2027 edition even more successful!


Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:47, 19 July 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Organizers&amp;oldid=30750499 --&gt;

== Lua module Yesno protection ==
Hello, DaSupremo. Could you please protect [[Module:Yesno]] so that only administrators can edit it?

Below is a list of Lua modules that indicate &quot;This module is subject to page protection,&quot; but are not currently protected:
# [[Module:Citation/CS1]]
# [[Module:Data]]
# [[Module:Error]]
# [[Module:Icon]]
# [[Module:Medals table]]
# [[Module:Portal bar]]
# [[Module:WikidataCheck]]

See the list of Lua [https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ProtectedPages?namespace=828&amp;type=edit&amp;level=0&amp;size-mode=min&amp;size= protected] modules.&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks in advance.&lt;br /&gt; [[User:Nimmzo|Nimmzo]] ([[User talk:Nimmzo|talk]]) 20:30, 15 September 2026 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Nimmzo|Nimmzo]]. Thanks for this information. They are protected now. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:18, 15 September 2026 (GMT)

== Let's start preparing for Feminism and Folklore 2027! ==
&lt;div style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa; color:#202122; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius:4px; padding:20px; margin:10px 0;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Feminism and Folklore organisers,

We are happy to invite you to start preparing for the '''Feminism and Folklore 2027''' edition!

The next Wikimedia Foundation [[:m:Grants/Rapid|Rapid Grant]] application cycle, Cycle 3, starts on '''1 November 2026'''. If you are planning to organise Feminism and Folklore in your country or region in 2027, we encourage you to start working on your project plans, Wikipedia workshops, community activities, local events, and budget ahead of the application period.

In particular, organisers are encouraged to consider activities that support participants in creating and improving Wikipedia articles and other Wikimedia projects related to feminism, women, gender and local cultural heritage. You may also include expenses related to local prizes and other forms of recognition for contributors, where appropriate.

Please review the [[:m:Grants/Rapid|Rapid Grant application process]] and prepare your application for the upcoming cycle.

'''Once you submit your application and it appears on Meta, please share the link to your Rapid Grant application with support{{@}}wikilovesfolklore.org and copy team{{@}}wikilovesfolklore.org.'''

This will allow the Feminism and Folklore team to endorse your application when the Wikimedia Foundation Grants Team reaches out to us for confirmation.

If you have any questions or concerns about the Rapid Grant application process, please contact support{{@}}wikilovesfolklore.org.

Thank you for your continued support and for all the work you do to document and celebrate the knowledge, stories, and contributions of women and gender-diverse communities around the world. We look forward to supporting your applications and working together towards another successful edition!

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International team'''

&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:54, 3 October 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&amp;oldid=31123349 --&gt;

Why did you delete Realjjfrosh article ? Do the article looks like spam to you ?, can’t you differentiate between a notable article to Spam article ? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-53569-90|~2026-53569-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-53569-90|talk]]) 15:40, 5 October 2026 (GMT)

:And I will make sure I spoil all de article I create because do you think it’s easy to write an article ? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-53569-90|~2026-53569-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-53569-90|talk]]) 15:41, 5 October 2026 (GMT)</text>
      <sha1>hduq8e1susuxas03x0567y0xa884pii</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>114210</id>
      <parentid>114207</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:43:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-53569-90</username>
        <id>8176</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Restore Realjjfrosh now */ new section</comment>
      <origin>114210</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55754" sha1="o3rd6fq81c085402x2eczmys6jvvh1z" xml:space="preserve">== Welcome to the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia! ==

Hi DaSupremo, and also ping @[[User:Yaw tuba|Yaw tuba]], @[[User:Gyanford|Gyanford]], @[[User:Feliciopedro2|Feliciopedro2]], @[[User:Sunkanmi12|Sunkanmi12]], @[[User:NanaKojo16|NanaKojo16]], @[[User:NanaYawBotar|NanaYawBotar]], @[[User:Afimaame|Afimaame]], @[[User:Elkay20|Elkay20]] and @[[User:Ibn Dagara|Ibn Dagara]].

Welcome to the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia! You and all your co-contributors have done a great job so far in getting here, and I would like to congratulate you on finally having the newest official Wikipedia edition! Well done to all of you!

For previous wikis, there have usually been some technical issues that take some time to fix, but for the first time in many years, I think all of the normal technical issues have actually already bene solved now, less than one day after the Wikipedia was created. Visual editor works like it should, the same with the DiscussionTools, Wikidata support has been enabled, and the statistics in [[Special:Statistics]] look correct.

But still, if you notice any issues, or if there are things you want to do but aren't able to for some reason, please feel free to reach out to me, and I can help figure out how to solve them.

Best of luck to all of you with your new Wikipedia, and happy editing! 🎉 [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) 01:07, 6 July 2023 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) thanks for that and we are also grateful for your continuous help and support. We would like to fix the use of bare URLS for references. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 13:48, 6 July 2023 (GMT)
:Thanks  [[User:NanaKojo16|NanaKojo16]] ([[User talk:NanaKojo16|talk]]) 08:38, 7 July 2023 (GMT)
==Modifications to the home page==
Hello dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]]
I've made a slight modification to the homepage, by adding the number of existing articles.
And I designed and programmed a new template for the introduction of the home page.
I hope you see it:[[User:Osps7/Test]]

With regards--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 18:26, 19 August 2023 (GMT)

:Wow...thanks for that. [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) It will help us track and remove vandalism on articles. Really grateful [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 21:38, 19 August 2023 (GMT)
==Important inquiry==
Dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I am trying to work on developing the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia by adding new tools and improving the work of the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia by adding software tools that contribute to increasing effectiveness and contribute to protecting the encyclopedia from vandalism.
I'm trying to work on an add-on (MediaWiki:Gadget-autocomplete.js)
But I need permissions, how can I request permissions?

With regards--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 11:42, 20 August 2023 (GMT)

:I think you can propose it on [[phab:|Phabricator]] and start working on it. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:36, 20 August 2023 (GMT)

== Suggestions ==

First off, congratulations on leading the creation of and becoming admin of this Wikipedia, which is still the newest AFAIK. Hope that this project continues to grow and thrive. Onto the suggestions: with regards to the references, I think if you used your admin permissions to import the CS1 citation templates from enwiki it would also take care of the dependent modules. Or maybe someone from the community should file a request on MetaWiki. Documentation templates would also be handy I also think it might be a good idea to add a system or template for handling linguistic issues: for instance, I've already seen a page copied from enwiki with no effort made to translate it (although I can't find the specific page right now). Thanks! [[User:MSG17|MSG17]] ([[User talk:MSG17|talk]]) 15:43, 24 August 2023 (GMT)

:Thanks for the good wishes. I would really need help cos I am not conversant with the templates. I will ask a couple of guys around. Thanks again [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:34, 24 August 2023 (GMT)
==suggestion==
Dear [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]],
What do you think of the idea of ​​adding a new section to the home page called “In the News” and updating it continuously?--[[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 12:00, 10 September 2023 (GMT)

:Sounds good. A very good idea [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:07, 10 September 2023 (GMT)

== Note ==

Dear @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I hope you are well.
Over the past few days, I have developed a bot that I will activate here soon. It will create categories and templates that will help us. [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]) 22:03, 3 November 2023 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:Osps7|Osps7]] ([[User talk:Osps7|talk]]), I am good and you? Noted and thanks for the continuous support. We really appreciate it. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:21, 3 November 2023 (GMT)

== Translation ==
Hi, could you please translate this to Ghanaian Pidgin?

Guosa is a constructed interlanguage originally created by Alex Igbineweka in 1965. It was designed to be a combination of the indigenous languages of Nigeria and to serve as a lingua franca to West Africa.

It has the following characteristics:
* It is an isolating language with subject–verb–object word order.
* There are no articles.
* There is no grammatical gender or noun class system.
* Most grammatical meaning is expressed through particles that precede the words they modify.
* Adjectives follow the noun.
* Guosa is generally prepositional.

Thank you. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 07:12, 16 November 2023 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]), thanks for reaching out. This is the Ghanaian Pidgin translation:
:Guosa be constructed interlanguage wey Alex Igbineweka originally create am for 1965 insyd. Dem design am make e be combination of de indigenous languages for Nigeria wey e go serve as lingua franca go West Africa.
:E get de characteristics wey dey follow:
:•E be language wey dey isolate plus subject–verb–object word order.
:•No articles dey.
:•No grammatical gender anaa noun class system dey.
:•Dem dey express chaw grammatical meaning thru particles wey dey precede de words dem modify.
:•Adjectives dey follow de noun.
:•Guosa be generally prepositional. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:03, 16 November 2023 (GMT)

==Importing citation templates==
Was looking at importing cite journal, cite book, and cite web. Best way to do this would be to use this tool and select &quot;Include all templates and transcluded pages&quot; https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Import

Would be happy to but only certain user groups have permission to use the tool. Best [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 12:30, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
:By the way hope to see you do more healthcare translations. Once we get the templates imported things will come through better. Best [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 12:44, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
::Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) for this information. It is valuable for us. I have checked it out and I realized it is a good tool. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:05, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
:::Are you able to make me a member of one of these groups &quot;Administrators or Importers&quot; so that I can help. Looking at &quot;Template:Cite book&quot; and not sure it worked properly. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 23:17, 26 October 2024 (GMT)
::::No please. But I think you can request for a temporal admin [[metawiki:Steward_requests/Permissions#Administrator_access|here]] to enable you carry that task.  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:05, 27 October 2024 (GMT)

== delete ==

Can you please delete [[Talk:Audrey Sitsofe Gadzekpo]] and [[Talk:Joseph Kwame Kumah]]? they are orphaned. Best regards, [[User:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[User talk:TenWhile6|talk]]) 17:01, 14 November 2024 (GMT)

:Done [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 18:59, 14 November 2024 (GMT)

== Thank you for being a medical translator! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2024 Cure Translators Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2024 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&amp;project=all&amp;year=2024&amp;start=Filter joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We look forwards to working together in 2025.
|}

Thanks again :-)  -- [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User:Doc_James &lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:54, 26 January 2025 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Translators_2024&amp;oldid=28173086 --&gt;
:I appreciate the award. Hope to do more this year [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 10:24, 26 January 2025 (GMT)

== Request for help ==

Hello @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]],

My name is [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|Uzoma]], I am the Movement Communications Specialist supporting the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization]] team. I am reaching out because you [[mediawikiwiki:Translation_suggestions:_Topic-based_&amp;_Community-defined_lists/Collaborators#User_names_and_campaigns|indicated interest]] in participating in the [[mediawikiwiki:Translation_suggestions:_Topic-based_&amp;_Community-defined_lists|Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists]] project.

We now have the [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=sw&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en Community-defined list feature] in the [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=sw&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=draft&amp;from=en Content translation tool]. We want to approach organisers of Wiki campaigns that involve translation happening now or soon to add the collection tags to their article list. So that people who use the Content translation tool can discover these campaigns and participate directly from the moment they access the tool using their mobile device. The campaign suggestions will be in the &quot;All Collection&quot; category of the Translation suggestion feature in the tool, as illustrated in the GIF below.

[[File:How_to_select_a_specific_collection_&amp;_all_collections_(1).gif|Screen record of how to select a specific collection and &quot;all collections&quot;]]

'''Our request'''

Please help us by providing a list of the campaigns happening in your community and the organisers we can approach to add the tag. This is important to us because we need to learn from its usage for campaigns.

I would appreciate your help connecting me to the campaigns you are preparing for in your community.

I look forward to your response, and please let me know if you need any clarification. Thank you so much!

Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 22:28, 11 February 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] thanks for reaching out. The Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia will be participating in this year's [[metawiki:Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_2025/Participants#Participating_Communities|Wiki Loves Ramadan]]. I will keep you posted when the community participates in subsequent editathons and campaigns. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:43, 11 February 2025 (GMT)
::Thank you so much, @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], for this information. I will keep in touch.
::Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 18:47, 13 February 2025 (GMT)
:::Ok @[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:14, 13 February 2025 (GMT)

== Follow-up on Incomplete Information for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Hi DaSupremo,

Thank you for signing up your community for For Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Please provide the following missing information on the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants|participants' page of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]].

* Local Project Page Link
* Local Organizer
* Jury Tools Link
* Jury Members

''For the Team'', [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 05:49, 1 April 2025 (GMT)

:Hello [[User:ZI Jony|'''ZI Jony''']] [[User talk:ZI Jony|&lt;sup&gt;''(Talk)''&lt;/sup&gt;]], thanks for the message. Please none of the information above were created because I am the only person contributing on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia participating in the contest. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo#top|talk]]) 11:00, 1 April 2025 (UTC) [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:01, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], thank you for your efforts. Unfortunately, above requirements are mandatory. I would like to request you to create an local Wikipedia project page (you would be able to copy content from [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Sample|here]], and then translate in your local language). Ask others to join with you as local organizer and jury members. [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 14:23, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
:::Thanks. Can I still participate as a participant because we did not apply for a grant to organise this event so we have no funds to award winners and its associated cost? [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:29, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
::::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], you still can continue as an local participant. Most of local organizers work without grant, as there are international prizes available. [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 14:46, 1 April 2025 (GMT)
:::::Oh okay...thanks. I will set up the local page then. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 15:10, 1 April 2025 (GMT)

== Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May ==

Dear DaSupremo,

Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities!

This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''.

Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''

Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out.

Thank you for your continued dedication and support!


For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team 11:51, 2 May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&amp;oldid=28651179 --&gt;

==Testing the tool==
Hey DaSupremo was just testing the tool here and thus had put it in my user space. Article is not actually translated

https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rabies&amp;action=history

[[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 15:24, 7 May 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Doc James|Doc James]], yeah I realized that and that is the reason I am moving them to mainspace and translating them. Thanks  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:01, 7 May 2025 (GMT)
::Excellent, and we have the disease infobox / other infoboxes formating correctly now. See [[Glioblastoma]] [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 15:59, 8 May 2025 (GMT)
:::Great. Thank you for this. Now we can have infoboxes on the Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia. Greatly appreciated [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:28, 8 May 2025 (GMT)

== Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD ==

Dear DaSupremo,

This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD.

Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible:

* Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''
* Add a brief summary of your local event under the &quot;Results&quot; column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration.

If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team.

Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work!


''Warm regards,''&lt;br/&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', 02:39, 15 May 2025 (GMT)
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== Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Dear DaSupremo

Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms.

To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you.

* '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here]
* '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025

It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future.

Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns!


Warm regards,&lt;br/&gt;
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' 08:51, 19 May 2025 (GMT)
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== Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 – Global Top 10 Winner: Congratulations! ==

'''Dear DaSupremo,'''

Congratulations! You have been selected as one of the '''Top 10 Global Winners''' (ranks 4 to 10) of the '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' campaign. Your contributions and participation have greatly enriched the project, and we sincerely appreciate your efforts.

To send you your prize and the official campaign T-shirt, we kindly request the following details:

* Full name:  
* Wikimedia username:  
* Country of residency:  
* Email address:  
* Preferred T-shirt size (M, L, XL):  
* Preferred T-shirt color (Black, White, Navy):  

'''Please send the above information within 24 hours to:''' '''support@wikilovesramadan.org'''

Your prize will be delivered through the [https://www.tremendous.com/catalog/ Tremendous] platform.

Also, we kindly request you to fill the '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Participant Feedback Form]''' at your earliest convenience.

Once again, thank you for your amazing contribution.

'''Best regards,'''  
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'', [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 03:43, 27 May 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]], Thanks for the message. I have some reservations about the Winner of the campaign. I do not understand the language but it is clear when an article is created in a particular language. Most of their contributions (from what I sampled) where actually 'discussion pages' rather than translated articles. See [[:bn:আলাপ:মরক্কোতে_আশুরা|this]], [[:bn:আলাপ:গ্রেটার_টলেডো_ইসলামিক_সেন্টার|this]], [[:bn:আলাপ:মুসলিম_আমেরিকান_সোসাইটি|this]] and most could be found on the [[xtools:pages/bn.wikipedia.org/Hasan muntaseer/1|Xtool]]. Moreover, they were not even registered on the dashboard as we were told it was a requirement. On the dashboard, only [[wmfdashboard:courses/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_2025|241 articles]] where created in the Bangla Wikipedia. I might be wrong but their results need to be reviewed to ensure fairness and transparency. Thank you. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 08:03, 27 May 2025 (GMT)
::[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]], I believe that the same question you maybe asked to Dnshitobu earlier! Mostly tracking categories are used in the talk page of the articles for almost all Wikipedia, including Bangla and English Wikipedia. They use a template on the article talk page where a description also placed, instead of using on the main articles. Using dashboard were not a mandatory tool, because many wikis' developed thier own jury tools, like Bangla, Ukrainian, even English Wikipedia also used a different tool called [https://fountain.toolforge.org Fountain], it’s depend on local organizers which tool they are comfortable to use. Bangla Wikipedia was submitted 1806 articles, due to non-relevant issue they removed several articles. For you clarity, Bangla Wikipedia was looking for additional jury members to complete thier jury process in time, and I joined to help then, in the meantime I have re-reviewd several articles. So, I believe that the jury process were well strictured and trusted. I kindly request you to provide the details you have been asked at your earliest convenience. Additional inquiry, are you attending EduWiki Conference 2025? Or, someone who can receive your gift and certificate from the conference let me know in the same email. Thank you! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 10:51, 27 May 2025 (GMT)
:::Ok...thanks for the detailed explanation. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 11:03, 27 May 2025 (GMT)

== [[José Rafael Córdero Sánchez]] ==

Hi DaSupremo, I need your help about this article because is a crosswiki spam, for more details please check: [[:nl:Overleg Wikipedia:Checklijst langdurig structureel vandalisme/Josercs1|this report]] from Dutch Wikipedia. Thank you. [[User:Taichi|Taichi]] ([[User talk:Taichi|talk]]) 23:48, 16 October 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Taichi|Taichi]]. Thanks for reaching out and well noted. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 00:01, 17 October 2025 (GMT)

== [[Samata (fashion entrepreneur)]] ==

Hi DaSupremo, I noticed that you expanded this article in 2023 by translating content from English Wikipedia. The English Wikipedia article was deleted earlier this year as most of the sources were found to be spam or unreliable. Other language Wikipedias like French, Arabic, Swahili and Igbo have also deleted this article on similar grounds. It seems the original English article was written by a spammer for promotional purposes, therefore the Ghanaian Pidgin article (which was primarily translated from English) should also be deleted. Let me know your thoughts. [[User:Acoustical|Acoustical]] ([[User talk:Acoustical|talk]]) 19:16, 25 November 2025 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Acoustical|Acoustical]]. Thanks for reaching out and well noted. Since it has been deleted from other language Wikipedias, I think it should be deleted too on the Ghanaian Pidgin WIkipedia. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:32, 25 November 2025 (GMT)

== Undeletion Request ==

hello @[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]]

I noticed that you previously improved the article about Adebayo Temitayo (Realjjfrosh). I wanted to let you know that the page was later deleted.

If you have time, I would appreciate any guidance on whether the sources used (Punch, Vanguard, ThisDay, BusinessDay, Daily Trust) meet the project’s notability standards, or how the article could be reworked to comply fully with policy.

Thank you for your earlier improvements and for any advice you may be able to offer. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|&amp;#126;2026-74643-7]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|talk]]) 12:13, 3 February 2026 (GMT)

:It was deleted because of (Spam and it was a ([[metawiki:steward|steward]] action)) [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 12:19, 3 February 2026 (GMT)
::Ok thanks  [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|&amp;#126;2026-74643-7]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-74643-7|talk]]) 12:39, 3 February 2026 (GMT)

== Thank you for being a medical contributors! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; color: #000; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2025 Cure Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2025 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2025_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We appreciate you and the vital work you do! 

Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2026]]''', there are no associated costs.

Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating].
|}

Look forwards to collaborating in the year ahead. Thanks again :-)  -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 07:42, 14 February 2026 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:User:DaSupremo]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Thank you for being a medical translator! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; color: #000; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; |'''The 2025 Cure Translators Award''' 
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |In 2025 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&amp;user_group=all&amp;year=2025&amp;month=All joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public.

Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider formally joining the organization for 2026]]''', there are no associated costs.
|}

Look forwards to collaborating further in the year ahead. Thanks again :-)  -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000f1&quot;&gt;'''Doc James'''&lt;/span&gt;]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 07:53, 14 February 2026 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:User:DaSupremo]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers &amp; Jury ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,

Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!

To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.

=== Internet &amp; Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.

'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''

Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.

=== Important Participation Guidelines ===

* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.

=== Community Engagement ===

* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊

Thank you for your collaboration!

''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''

Feminism and Folklore International Team.

–[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:17, 16 February 2026 (GMT)
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== Translation request ==

Hello, DaSupremo.

Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia? 

Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|talk]]) 07:39, 15 March 2026 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]]. Noted [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 13:22, 15 March 2026 (GMT)
::Hello, DaSupremo.
::Thank you very much for the new article.
::Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|talk]]) 16:43, 9 April 2026 (GMT)
:::Welcome @[[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:47, 9 April 2026 (GMT)

== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:57, 11 April 2026 (GMT)
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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 April 2026 (GMT) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Ghanaian Pidgin ==

Hello. I'm looking for Ghanaian Pidgin translation of descriptions of a few items for Wikidata. Would you help? [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 19:45, 7 May 2026 (GMT)

:Sure [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 20:07, 7 May 2026 (GMT)
:: I'm looking for:
: &quot;studio album by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;compilation album by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;song by Käärijä den Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;single by Käärijä den Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;promotional single by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;music video by Basshunter&quot;
: &quot;lyric video by Basshunter&quot;
:: [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 20:17, 7 May 2026 (GMT)
:::@[[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] Done [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:25, 8 May 2026 (GMT)
:::: So they are almost like English with the only difference of &quot;den&quot;? [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 18:00, 8 May 2026 (GMT)
:::::Ghanaian Pidgin is more of English with a bit of local Ghanaian languages [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 18:50, 8 May 2026 (GMT)
:::::: Good to know. All added. Thanks a lot. [[User:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[User talk:Eurohunter|talk]]) 21:30, 8 May 2026 (GMT)

== Request writing about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) ==

hi DaSupremo Would you like to write about Isabelle de Charriere (Q123386) for the GPE Wikipedia? It'll be appreciated if it 'll be done. [[User:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[User talk:Boss-well63|talk]]) 18:41, 29 May 2026 (GMT)

== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, 

This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.

Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.

Best regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:09, 3 June 2026 (GMT)
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== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:05, 18 June 2026 (GMT)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.

As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.

As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.

'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!

Best regards,

Feminism and Folklore international Team.

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:31, 18 June 2026 (GMT)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 journey! ==

Dear Organizer,

On behalf of the Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team, I want to send a massive thank you for your leadership and hard work during the 2026 campaign. Organizing local events, coordinating juries, and tracking metrics takes a lot of effort, and your dedication has been vital to bridging the knowledge gap regarding Islamic heritage and traditions.

As we wrap up this year's campaign, we would love to hear how things went in your community. We have put together the Organizer Feedback Form to capture your successes, challenges, and metrics.

* '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfDsuYSv2S4RCQuwAO9MlykJwgPIy-l9ENTr7I_GxpfVuo2TA/viewform
* '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026

Thank you again for championing this campaign. We couldn't do this without you.


Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:12, 29 June 2026 (GMT)
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== Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! ==

Dear Participant,

Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. 

We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. 

* '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform

Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon!  Happy editing,


Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 June 2026 (GMT)
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== Congratulations! You are an International Winner for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==
Hello DaSupremo

On behalf of the '''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', I am absolutely thrilled to inform you that you have been selected as an International Winner for the 2026 Content Writing Competition! Your incredible dedication to writing and expanding articles has been recognized, and you have officially won the '''Consolation top 10 winner'''.

To claim your prize, we have just sent an important email to the address linked to your Wikimedia account from '''support@wikilovesramadan.org'''.

Action required: Please check your email inbox right away. If you don't see it, make sure to check your Spam, Promotions, or Social folders, as official emails sometimes get filtered there by mistake.

Please follow the instructions in that email to fill out your winner's form so we can process your reward.

Congratulations again on this amazing achievement, and thank you for helping us share Islamic history and culture with the world! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ([[User talk:ZI Jony|talk]]) 16:31, 30 June 2026 (GMT)

== Nuking ==
Could you undo the nuking you just did on the editing I was doing the past few days? I put a lot of work into that, like with making sure the coding worked into Ghanaian Pidgin for &quot;Module:If preview/styles.css&quot; and so-on: like my entire weekend was spent just on this. And I saw you were helping correct any mistakes I had made with translating, which I appreciated, so I don't know why you've changed course. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39972-87|&amp;#126;2026-39972-87]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39972-87|talk]]) 22:43, 14 July 2026 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:~2026-39972-87|~2026-39972-87]]. Thanks for reaching out. I deleted your edits because they were not properly translated into the Ghanaian Pidgin and I initially cautioned you. You continued making wrong translations using AI. I am the only admin for this language and it is making my work tedious. Because of your bad translations I can not keep up with edits which could involve vandalism and spamming articles.  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:54, 14 July 2026 (GMT)
::Right, okay: I will slow down, keep things simpler/not tedious so they can be reviewed. Could you however un-nuke the code-related articles in the meantime: just those ones specifically? That took hours to do, like to make sure I had all the right code sections moved over not to cause errors. And I found a good number of code sections you created where you hadn’t actually transferred over the documentation that made those sections works. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39763-56|&amp;#126;2026-39763-56]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39763-56|talk]]) 23:21, 14 July 2026 (GMT)
:::Hello @[[User:~2026-39763-56|~2026-39763-56]], thanks for understanding and please keep the edits simple to aid in making any necessary corrections. I really appreciate the edits you made but I just could not keep up with the reviewing process hence the reason I deleted them. I am very sorry about that. I will also would like to ask you to create an account if you are comfortable to prevent valuable edits like yours being deleted since it is on a temporal account. Thanks  [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 23:26, 14 July 2026 (GMT)
::::I can do that, yes, thank you. Can you though restore the code article creations like Infobox character? Looking through your logs, you should be able to tell which ones are code articles from the names. Or if you want I can list them. Since even with an account those would take a ''while'' to create again. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39870-28|&amp;#126;2026-39870-28]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39870-28|talk]]) 11:45, 15 July 2026 (GMT)
:::::Hello @[[User:~2026-39870-28|~2026-39870-28]], please can you share them with me. I tried searching for them but your username keeps changing because it is a temporal account. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:35, 15 July 2026 (GMT)
::::::Your [[Special:Log/DaSupremo|logs from the 14th of July list them all here]]: is that helpful? I also tried doing a more simple article [[Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy)|here]]: is this acceptable, or is it ''too'' simple )requiring more detail)? [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-39923-93|&amp;#126;2026-39923-93]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-39923-93|talk]]) 13:40, 16 July 2026 (GMT)
:::::::Hello @[[User:~2026-39923-93|~2026-39923-93]]. Thanks. It helps and the article looks ''too'' simple. You can improve on it but the mass edit won't be of help. Thanks for your understanding [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:34, 16 July 2026 (GMT)

== Gentle Reminder: Kindly submit your Organizer Feedback for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Organizer,

Hope you are doing well and keeping safe.

We are reaching out to express our heartfelt gratitude for your relentless efforts and dedication in organizing Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 in your local community. Organizing campaigns takes a lot of hard work, and your leadership has truly made a wonderful impact in bridging the knowledge gap regarding Islamic history and culture.

As we are wrapping up this year’s activities, we kindly remind you to share your local campaign report and experience with us. If you haven't done so already, please take a few minutes to fill out the Organizer Feedback Form.

* '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfDsuYSv2S4RCQuwAO9MlykJwgPIy-l9ENTr7I_GxpfVuo2TA/viewform
* '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026

Your feedback is incredibly valuable to us. It will not only help us prepare our global impact report but also guide us in securing better resources and funding for organizers like you in the upcoming years. (You will also find a small section inside the form to provide your local language translations for the 2027 campaign banners!).

Thank you so much for being a pillar of this campaign. Together, we can make the 2027 edition even more successful!


Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:47, 19 July 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Organizers&amp;oldid=30750499 --&gt;

== Lua module Yesno protection ==
Hello, DaSupremo. Could you please protect [[Module:Yesno]] so that only administrators can edit it?

Below is a list of Lua modules that indicate &quot;This module is subject to page protection,&quot; but are not currently protected:
# [[Module:Citation/CS1]]
# [[Module:Data]]
# [[Module:Error]]
# [[Module:Icon]]
# [[Module:Medals table]]
# [[Module:Portal bar]]
# [[Module:WikidataCheck]]

See the list of Lua [https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ProtectedPages?namespace=828&amp;type=edit&amp;level=0&amp;size-mode=min&amp;size= protected] modules.&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks in advance.&lt;br /&gt; [[User:Nimmzo|Nimmzo]] ([[User talk:Nimmzo|talk]]) 20:30, 15 September 2026 (GMT)

:Hello @[[User:Nimmzo|Nimmzo]]. Thanks for this information. They are protected now. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 22:18, 15 September 2026 (GMT)

== Let's start preparing for Feminism and Folklore 2027! ==
&lt;div style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa; color:#202122; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius:4px; padding:20px; margin:10px 0;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Feminism and Folklore organisers,

We are happy to invite you to start preparing for the '''Feminism and Folklore 2027''' edition!

The next Wikimedia Foundation [[:m:Grants/Rapid|Rapid Grant]] application cycle, Cycle 3, starts on '''1 November 2026'''. If you are planning to organise Feminism and Folklore in your country or region in 2027, we encourage you to start working on your project plans, Wikipedia workshops, community activities, local events, and budget ahead of the application period.

In particular, organisers are encouraged to consider activities that support participants in creating and improving Wikipedia articles and other Wikimedia projects related to feminism, women, gender and local cultural heritage. You may also include expenses related to local prizes and other forms of recognition for contributors, where appropriate.

Please review the [[:m:Grants/Rapid|Rapid Grant application process]] and prepare your application for the upcoming cycle.

'''Once you submit your application and it appears on Meta, please share the link to your Rapid Grant application with support{{@}}wikilovesfolklore.org and copy team{{@}}wikilovesfolklore.org.'''

This will allow the Feminism and Folklore team to endorse your application when the Wikimedia Foundation Grants Team reaches out to us for confirmation.

If you have any questions or concerns about the Rapid Grant application process, please contact support{{@}}wikilovesfolklore.org.

Thank you for your continued support and for all the work you do to document and celebrate the knowledge, stories, and contributions of women and gender-diverse communities around the world. We look forward to supporting your applications and working together towards another successful edition!

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International team'''

&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:54, 3 October 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&amp;oldid=31123349 --&gt;

Why did you delete Realjjfrosh article ? Do the article looks like spam to you ?, can’t you differentiate between a notable article to Spam article ? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-53569-90|~2026-53569-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-53569-90|talk]]) 15:40, 5 October 2026 (GMT)

:And I will make sure I spoil all de article I create because do you think it’s easy to write an article ? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-53569-90|~2026-53569-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-53569-90|talk]]) 15:41, 5 October 2026 (GMT)

== Restore Realjjfrosh now  ==
Why did you delete Realjjfrosh article ? Do the article looks like spam to you ?, can’t you differentiate between a notable article to Spam article ? [[Special:Contributions/~2026-53569-90|~2026-53569-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-53569-90|talk]]) 15:43, 5 October 2026 (GMT)</text>
      <sha1>o3rd6fq81c085402x2eczmys6jvvh1z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Emancipation Proclamation</title>
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      <text bytes="114587" sha1="k577x5gpnb40yjo2xtg8rkkmilwt4bt" xml:space="preserve">who let the dogs out who, who, who, who?{{Databox}}De '''Emancipation Proclamation''', officially '''Proclamation 95''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;Proclamation 95—Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation] | The American Presidency Project&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]. ''presidency.ucsb.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211218125054/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united Archived] from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Harward|first1=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;pg=PA228|title=The Presidency in Times of Crisis and Disaster: Primary Documents in Context|date=2020|publisher=ABC-Clio|isbn=978-1-44-087088-0|location=Santa Barbara, California|page=228|access-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423211358/https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA228&amp;lpg=PA228&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=J-N4PHTztQ&amp;sig=ACfU3U0vp68TFMC6MVB_mh6pp3mmTaffGQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxzryaiqv3AhWylIkEHXpHC7cQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=Proclamation%2095%E2%80%94Regarding%20the%20Status%20of%20Slaves%20in%20States%20Engaged%20in%20Rebellion%20Against%20the%20United%20States&amp;f=false|archive-date=April 23, 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e ebe  presidential proclamation den '''executive order''' wey  United States Presido Abraham Lincoln  issue for January 1, 1863, den American Civil War times. Na de Proclamation get de effect of changing de legal status of more dan 3.5 million enslaved African Americans insyd de secessionist Confederate states from enslaved to free. As de slaves escape de control of dema enslavers, either by fleeing to Union lines anaa thru de advance of federal troops, na dem be permanently free. In addition, na de Proclamation allow for den slaves make dem &quot;be received into de armed service of de United States&quot;. Na de Emancipation Proclamation play a significant part insyd de end of slavery insyd de United States.

On September 22, 1862, na Lincoln issue de preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/transcript_preliminary_emancipation.html Text of Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Ein third paragraph dey begin:

{{blockquote|That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.}}

On January 1, 1863, na Lincoln issue de final Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html Text of Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Na e state:
{{blockquote|I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do ... order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion, against the United States, the following, to wit:}}

Na Lincoln then list de ten states&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[https://www.nps.gov/anjo/learn/historyculture/johnson-and-tn-emancipation.htm#:~:text=On%20January%201%2C%201863%2C%20Abraham,was%20serving%20as%20Military%20Governor. Eleven states had seceded, but Tennessee was under Union control.]&lt;/ref&gt; still insyd rebellion, wey dey exclude parts of states under Union control, wey he continue:

{{blockquote|I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free.&amp;nbsp;... [S]uch persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States.&amp;nbsp;... And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.}}Na de proclamation provide dat de executive branch, wey dey include de Army den Navy, &quot;go recognize den maintain de freedom of said persons&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Dirck|first=Brian R.|url=https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc|title=The Executive Branch of Federal Government: People, Process, and Politics|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1851097913|page=[https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc/page/102 102]|quote=The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order, itself a rather unusual thing in those days. Executive orders are simply presidential directives issued to agents of the executive department by its boss.|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even though na e exclude states wey no dey insyd rebellion, as well as parts of Louisiana den Virginia under Union control,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Davis|first=Kenneth C.|title=Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned|url=https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2003|isbn=978-0-06-008381-6|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0/page/228 227]–228|author-link=}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e still apply to more dan 3.5&amp;nbsp;million of de 4&amp;nbsp;million enslaved people insyd de country. Na dem immediately emancipate around 25,000 to 75,000 insyd those regions of de Confederacy wer na de US Army already dey in place. Na dem no fi enforce am insyd de areas still insyd rebellion,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; buh, as na de Union army take control of Confederate regions, na de Proclamation provide de legal framework for de liberation of more dan three den a half million enslaved people insyd those regions by de end of de war. Na de Emancipation Proclamation outrage white Southerners den dema sympathizers, wey na dem see am as de beginning of a race war. Na e energize abolitionists, wey e undermine those Europeans wey na dem want make dem intervene to help de Confederacy.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union, vol. 6: War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960) pp. 231–241, 273&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Proclamation lift de spirits of African Americans, both free den enslaved. Na e encourage chaw make dem escape from slavery den flee toward Union lines, wer na chaw join de Union Army.&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard Jones 1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Howard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVvZb5oeVtwC|title=Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1999|isbn=0-8032-2582-2|page=151}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Emancipation Proclamation cam turn a historic document secof e &quot;go redefine de Civil War, dem turn am [for de North] from a struggle [solely] make e preserve de Union to one [sanso] focused on ending slavery, den set a decisive course for how de nation go be reshaped after dat historic conflict.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 6, 2020|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121234009/https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|archive-date=January 21, 2021|access-date=January 24, 2021|website=History}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem never challenge de Emancipation Proclamation insyd court. Make dem ensure de abolition of slavery insyd all of de U.S., na Lincoln sanso insist dat Reconstruction plans for Southern states require dem make dem enact laws wey dey abolish slavery (wich na occur during de war insyd Tennessee, Arkansas, den Louisiana); na Lincoln encourage border states make dem adopt abolition (wich occur during de war insyd Maryland, Missouri, den West Virginia) wey na dem push for passage of de [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|13th Amendment]]. Na de Senate pass de 13th Amendment by de necessary two-thirds vote on April 8, 1864; na de House of Representatives do so on January 31, 1865; den de required three-fourths of de states ratify am on December 6, 1865. Na de amendment make slavery den involuntary servitude unconstitutional, &quot;except as a punishment for a crime&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment.html|access-date=June 27, 2013|publisher=The Library of Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Authority ==
[[File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|thumb|Abraham Lincoln]]
De United States Constitution wey dem write for 1787 no use the word 'slavery' but e get plenty provisions wey concern unfree persons. The Three-Fifths Compromise (for Article I, Section 2) talk say dem go share congressional representation, and so the number of each state votes for Electoral College go be 'based on the whole Number of free Persons' and 'three-fifths of all other Persons'&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Under the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article IV, Section 2), 'No person held to Service or Labour for one State' no go fit become free if dem run go another place. Article I, Section 9 dey allow Congress make laws wey go stop the 'Importation of Persons', but dem no go fit do am until 1808&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010——16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|p=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E be like for the Fifth Amendment wey talk say, 'No person shall... be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law'—dem see slaves as property&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Even though abolitionists dey use the Fifth Amendment fight slavery, na di same law help Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) fit treat slaves as property.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Slavery dey backed by law and white supremacy culture wey dey everywhere&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;. But between 1777 and 1804, every Northern state dey provide for quick or steady end of slavery. Southern states no do am, and di slave population for di South dey grow, reaching almost four million people as Civil War start, when most slave states wan separate from the US&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010-14-16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=14–16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln accept say Constitution before 1865 dey limit federal government power to stop slavery for peacetime and e commit matter to individual states&lt;ref name=&quot;Mackubin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Mackubin|first=Thomas Owens|date=March 25, 2004|title=The Liberator|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216125903/http://old.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|archive-date=February 16, 2012|work=National Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But during di Civil War, Lincoln drop di Emancipation Proclamation under him authority as 'Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy' as per Article II, section 2 of di US Constitution.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; So, for de Emancipation Proclamation, e talk say e get power to free people wey dem dey hold as slaves for de states wey dey fight back, as e go fit help to stop dat fight. For di first Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln point make we see two laws from 1862, like “An Act to Make an Additional Article of War” and di Confiscation Act of 1862, but for di final one, he no mention any law at all. Di reason wey him fit issue di first and final Proclamation na because him be President and Commander-in-Chief.&lt;ref&gt;Fabrikant, Robert, &quot;Emancipation and the Proclamation: Of Contrabands, Congress, and Lincoln&quot;. ''Howard Law Journal'', vol. 49, no. 2 (2006), p. 369.&lt;/ref&gt; So, Lincoln no get power over di four border states wey no dey fight—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware—so him no mention dem for di Proclamation. Di fifth border place, West Virginia, wey slavery still dey legal but dey try stop am, for January 1863, still be part of di “reorganized” Virginia wey dey under di Union, no be di Confederate Virginia wey dey Richmond.

== Coverage ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|thumb|Di areas wey Emancipation Proclamation cover dey red, di slave-holding areas wey no get cover dey blue.]]
Emancipation Proclamation dey work for ten states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but e no touch the almost 500,000 slaves for the border states (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware) or parts of Virginia and Louisiana wey don calm down. Dem slaves dey free later by state and federal decisions&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-01|title=150 years later, myths persist about the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/01/us/150-years-later-myths-persist-about-the-emancipation-proclamation/index.html|access-date=2022-07-22|website=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Areas wey e cover na Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties wey dey West Virginia, plus Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including Norfolk and Portsmouth cities). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Irwin |first1=Richard Bache |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010407240 |title=Promulgating the Emancipation Proclamation. |last2=Banks |first2=Nathaniel Prentiss |date=1863-01-29 |series=General orders; no. 12 |access-date=2023-07-26 |via=HathiTrust}} &lt;/ref&gt;

Tennessee don already mostly return to Union control, so dem no name am and e dey exempt. Virginia dey name, but dem talk say 48 counties wey dey form new West Virginia get special exemptions, plus seven counties and two cities wey dey Union-controlled Tidewater region for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Freedmen and Southern Society Project|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ|title=Freedom: a documentary history of emancipation 1861–1867 : selected from the holdings of the National Archives of the United States. The destruction of slavery|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1982|isbn=978-0-521-22979-1|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA69 69]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. New Orleans and 13 parishes for Louisiana wey dey mostly under federal control too dey exempt. This exemptions leave another 300,000 slaves wey never free&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=241–242}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Emancipation Proclamation don collect plenty wahala, especially from Richard Hofstadter wey talk say e get all the moral grandeur of a bill of lading and wey say e free all slaves... where e no fit reach.&lt;ref&gt;Hofstadter, Richard, &quot;Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth,&quot; in ''The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It'' (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1948). [[iarchive:americanpolitica00hofs|online]]. Vintage Books edition, March 1989, p. 169.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Similarly, Karl Marx said that the proclamation sounds like [https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1062&amp;context=cwfac &quot;ordinary summonses sent by one lawyer to another on the opposing side&quot;.] Quoted by Allen C. Guelzo. &quot;'Sublime in Its Magnitude': The Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in Holzer, Harold and Sara Vaughn Gabbard, eds., ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment''. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2007, pp. 65-78, quotation at p. 66.&lt;/ref&gt;  No be say I dey disagree with Hofstadter o, but William W. Freehling talk say when Lincoln use him power as Commander-in-Chief drop the proclamation, e no be like person wey dey collect bills but like warrior wey carry new weapon come show&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W., ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War''. Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 118.&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make plenty slaves for Confederate states free as Union armies dey waka enter South, and some slaves dey escape go Union side or slave owners dey run come off, leave slaves behind. E also mean say Union go end slavery and still protect the Union. Even though Emancipation Proclamation help free plenty slaves small by small, e no make slavery illegal. States like Maryland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=November 1, 1864|title=Archives of Maryland Historical List: Constitutional Convention, 1864|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220000817/http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|archive-date=February 20, 2012|access-date=November 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Missouri&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 11, 1865|title=Missouri abolishes slavery|url=http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132518/http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Tennessee&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and West Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey no dey follow the Emancipation Proclamation, don ban slavery before war finish. For 1863, President Lincoln propose plan wey go help rebuild Louisiana wey dem capture&lt;ref&gt;Stauffer (2008), ''Giants'', p. 279&lt;/ref&gt;. Only 10 percent of the voters go swear loyalty. Dem still gatz accept the Emancipation Proclamation and remove slavery from dem new constitution. By December 1864, Lincoln plan dey work no be only for Louisiana but also for Arkansas and Tennessee.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 1995 pp. 38–41&quot;&gt;Peterson (1995), ''Lincoln in American Memory'', pp. 38–41&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McCarthy 1901 p. 76&quot;&gt;McCarthy (1901), ''Lincoln's plan of Reconstruction'', p. 76&lt;/ref&gt;. For Kentucky, Union Army commanders use di offer of freedom from di proclamation to make slaves wey join Army fit free their whole family; because of dis and other reasons, slaves for di state reduce pass 70 percent during di war&lt;ref name=&quot;Harrison&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harrison |first=Lowell H. |year=1983 |title=Slavery in Kentucky: A Civil War Casualty |journal=The Kentucky Review |edition=Fall |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=38–40}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But for Delaware&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Slavery in Delaware|url=http://slavenorth.com/delaware.htm|website=slavenorth.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Kentucky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Lowell Hayes Harrison and James C. Klotter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdTIIEZ1k2QC&amp;q=kentucky+abolishes+slavery&amp;pg=PA174|title=A new history of Kentucky|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1997|isbn=0813126215|page=180}} In 1866, Kentucky refused to ratify the 13th Amendment. It did ratify it in 1976.&lt;/ref&gt;, slavery still dey legal until December 18, 1865, when di Thirteenth Amendment enter ground.

== Background ==

=== Military action prior to emancipation ===
Di Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 say make people return runaway slaves go their owners. For di war, for May 1861, Union general Benjamin Butler talk say three slaves wey run come meet Union soldiers be contraband of war, so e refuse to send dem back, e tell one man wey wan carry dem go back say, &quot;I no dey owe any constitution to foreign country wey Virginia dey claim say na dem.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT_20110411&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|date=April 1, 2011|title=How Slavery Really Ended in America|author=Adam Goodheart|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For May 30, after President Lincoln hold cabinet meeting, &quot;Simon Cameron, di secretary of war, send telegraph give Butler say him contraband policy 'na approved.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 99.&lt;/ref&gt;'&quot; Dis decision cause wahala because e fit mean say dem dey recognize Confederacy as separate, independent sovereign state for international law, somtin wey Lincoln no gree accept. Plus, as contraband, dem dey see these people as &quot;property&quot; when dem cross Union lines, so wetin go happen to dem no clear.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Living Contraband – Former Slaves in the Nation's Capital During the Civil War|url=https://home.nps.gov/cwdw/learn/historyculture/living-contraband-former-slaves-in-the-capital-during-and-after-the-civil-war.htm|access-date=June 29, 2013|work=Civil War Defenses of Washington|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Government sabi how to free people ===
&lt;imagemap&gt;
Image:Emancipation proclamation.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|''[[First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln]]'' by [[Francis Bicknell Carpenter]] (1864) {{Clickable|use cursor to identify.}}|alt=A dark-haired, bearded, middle-aged man holding documents is seated among seven other men.]]

poly 269 892 254 775 193 738 130 723 44 613 19 480 49 453 75 434 58 376 113 344 133 362 143 423 212 531 307 657 357 675 409 876 [[Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin Stanton]]
poly 169 282 172 244 244 201 244 148 265 117 292 125 305 166 304 204 321 235 355 296 374 348 338 395 341 469 [[Salmon P. Chase|Salmon Chase]]
poly 569 893 535 708 427 613 357 562 377 456 393 404 468 351 451 317 473 259 520 256 544 283 530 339 526 374 559 401 594 431 639 494 715 542 692 551 693 579 672 546 623 552 596 617 698 629 680 852 [[Abraham Lincoln]]
poly 692 514 740 441 788 407 772 350 800 303 831 297 861 329 867 381 868 409 913 430 913 471 847 532 816 533 709 533 [[Gideon Welles]]
poly 703 783 752 769 825 627 907 620 929 569 905 538 886 563 833 563 873 502 930 450 1043 407 1043 389 1036 382 1042 363 1058 335 1052 333 1052 324 1081 318 1124 338 1133 374 1116 412 1132 466 1145 509 1117 588 1087 632 1083 706 [[William H. Seward|William Seward]]
poly 905 418 941 328 987 295 995 284 982 244 990 206 1036 207 1046 247 1047 284 1066 312 1071 314 1049 327 1044 354 1033 383 1033 407 921 453 [[Caleb Blood Smith|Caleb Smith]]
poly 1081 308 1102 255 1095 220 1093 181 1109 161 1145 160 1169 191 1153 227 1153 246 1199 268 1230 310 1239 377 1237 443 1220 486 1125 451 1118 412 1136 378 1124 342 [[Montgomery Blair]]
poly 1224 479 1298 416 1304 379 1295 329 1325 310 1360 324 1370 359 1371 385 1371 397 1413 425 1422 497 1440 563 1348 555 1232 517 [[Edward Bates]]
poly 625 555 595 620 699 625 730 550 [[Emancipation Proclamation]]
poly 120 80 120 300 3 300 3 80 [[Simon Cameron|Portrait of Simon Cameron]]
poly 752 196 961 189 948 8 735 10 [[Andrew Jackson|Portrait of Andrew Jackson]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
For December 1861, Lincoln send im first annual message to Congress (dem dey call am State of the Union Address, but back then dem dey write am). Inside, e praise free labor system wey dey respect human rights pass property rights; e support law to fit tackle the matter of contraband slaves and slaves wey dey loyal states, maybe by buying dem freedom with federal money; e also support federal money for voluntary colonization.&lt;ref&gt;[https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-3-1861-first-annual-message December 3, 1861: First Annual Message: Transcript]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147 147–148]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For January 1862, Thaddeus Stevens, wey be Republican leader for House, call for total war against the rebellion to include freeing slaves, talk say if dem free the slaves, e go spoil the rebel economy. On March 13, 1862, Congress approve Act wey no go allow military or naval people for United States return fugitive slaves to their owners.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/artwar.htm &quot;Law Enacting an Additional Article of War&quot; (the official name of the statute).]&lt;/ref&gt;. Following one law wey Lincoln sign, dem abolish slavery for District of Columbia on April 16, 1862, and dem compensate the owners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mann|first=Lina|title=The Complexities of Slavery in the Nation's Capital|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-complexities-of-slavery-in-the-nations-capital|access-date=2020-09-20|website=White House Historical|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

For June 9, 1862, Congress pass bill wey stop slavery for all current and future United States territories (but not for the states), and on June 19, President Lincoln sign am into law. This act clear say the 1857 opinion of Supreme Court wey sey Congress no fit regulate slavery for U.S. territories no be correct. E also reject the idea of popular sovereignty wey Stephen A. Douglas talk for slavery wahala, while e continue the work wey Thomas Jefferson first propose for 1784 to limit slavery inside the existing states..&lt;ref&gt;Montgomery, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A24AAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA428 The Student's American History]'', p. 428 (Ginn &amp; Co. 1897).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Keifer, Joseph. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GBq0gjrfxRgC&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA109 Slavery and Four Years of War]'', p. 109 (Echo Library 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

For August 6, 1861, First Confiscation Act free di slaves wey dey work against di Government and lawful authority of di United States&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/conact1.htm First Confiscation Act]&lt;/ref&gt;. Then on July 17, 1862, Second Confiscation Act come free di slaves wey dey any place wey rebel forces dey and later United States forces go enter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Second Act no be like di First one, e clear say all di slaves wey dey under am go free for life, because section 10 talk say all di slaves wey belong to people wey go dey rebel against di government go free if dem run come inside di army lines; plus any slave wey dem catch or wey desert dem go dey free from di government control; and all di slaves of people wey dey for any place wey rebel forces dey go also be war captives, no go fit be slaves again&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But Lincoln still believe say, even though Congress no fit free di slaves for di rebel states, as commander in chief, e fit do am if e feel say na good military move.&lt;ref&gt;Donald, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fuTY3mxs9awC&amp;q=Second+Confiscation+Act Lincoln]'', p. 365 (Simon and Schuster, 1996)&lt;/ref&gt;. As of summer 1862, Lincoln don draft di early Emancipation Proclamation wey him go drop for September 22, 1862, wey go talk say for January 1, 1863, e go free di slaves for states wey still dey rebel.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== How people dey feel 'bout freedom matter ===
[[File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|thumb|Peter photo wey dem snap for Baton Rouge spring 1863; e dey fly everywhere by abolitionists to show wetin slavery fit do.]]
Abolitionists don dey push Lincoln make he free all slaves for long. For the summer wey be 1862, Republican editor Horace Greeley from New-York Tribune, wey get strong influence, write one big editorial wey call “The Prayer of Twenty Millions” wey dey shout for more action against the Confederacy and make dem free the slaves quick quick: “For this wide earth, Mr. President, no be one intelligent person wey dey support the Union cause wey no dey feel say if dem crush the rebellion today, e go wake again if dem leave slavery strong, and every hour wey dem dey respect slavery na hour wey dey add danger to the Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=second|pages=160–161}}&lt;/ref&gt;”

Lincoln reply for im letter to Horace Greeley on August 22, 1862: If some people go fit save the Union only if dem fit save slavery, I no dey agree with them. If some people no go fit save the Union unless dem destroy slavery, I still no dey agree. My main goal for this fight na to save the Union, no be to save or destroy slavery. If I fit save the Union without freeing any slave, I go do am, and if na by freeing all slaves I go save am, I go do am; and if na by freeing some and leaving others, I go still do that. Wetin I go do about slavery, and the colored people, na because I believe say e go help save the Union; and wetin I no do, I no do am because I no believe say e go help save the Union... I don talk my plan according to wetin I see as my duty; and I no mean say I go change my personal wish wey I don talk plenty times say I wish say all men everywhere fit free.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer talk say Lincoln letter be like: &quot;Greeley no sabi say Lincoln write am after e don draft di first Emancipation Proclamation wey e wan drop after di next Union military victory. So, dis letter, na true, be like say e wan position di coming announcement for saving di Union, no be to free slaves as humanitarian move. E be one of Lincoln most clever public relations move, even if e don create doubt about him sincerity as liberator.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Historian Richard Striner talk say &quot;for many years&quot; people dey misread Lincoln letter as &quot;Lincoln just wan save di Union&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; But according to Striner, for di whole of Lincoln career and how e dey talk about slavery, this be wrong. In fact, Lincoln dey try soft soft di strong Northern white supremacist wey no wan gree with him emancipation by linking am to di cause of di Union. Dis people go fight for di Union but no go want end slavery, so Lincoln find way for dem to do both at di same time.&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. So, e fit don choose di third option wey him mention to Greeley: &quot;free some and leave others&quot;; dat be, free slaves for di states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but leave di ones wey dey border states and Union-occupied areas.

But, as the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation talk make am clear, Lincoln talk say e go suggest to Congress make dem compensate states wey fit &quot;take, immediate or gradual end slavery&quot;. Plus, during the hundred days from September 22, 1862, when e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, to January 1, 1863, when e drop the Final Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln still dey show say him dey consider the first option wey e mention to Greeley — maintain the Union without freeing any slave — still possible. Historian William W. Freehling talk say, &quot;From mid-October to mid-November 1862, e send personal envoys go Louisiana, Tennessee, and Arkansas.&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W. (2001). ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War'', New York: Oxford University Press, p. 111.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, pp. 8-9.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;. Each of dem carry letter from Lincoln wey talk say if people for their state want &quot;avoid the wahala&quot; of the Final Emancipation Proclamation &quot;and get peace again like before&quot; (meaning, with slavery still dey), make dem gather &quot;the largest number wey possible&quot; to vote for &quot;elections for members to Congress of the United States ... wey friendly to their wahala&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;. Later, for him Annual Message to Congress on December 1, 1862, Lincoln propose amendment to U.S. Constitution say any state wey end slavery before January 1, 1900, go collect compensation from U.S. in form of interest-bearing U.S. bonds. If dem accept this amendment, for theory, e fit end the war without really ending slavery, because the amendment talk say, &quot;Any State wey don collect bonds ... and later bring back or allow slavery again, go pay back the United States the bonds wey dem collect, or the value of am, plus all interest wey dem pay on top&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, p. 530.]&lt;/ref&gt;

For him 2014 book wey dem call Lincoln's Gamble, journalist and historian Todd Brewster talk say, Lincoln wan make saving di Union be im only goal for di war, and dat one be key for im legal authority to free di slaves. Since Constitution dey protect slavery, di only way wey he fit free di slaves na as war tactic—no be di main mission&lt;ref name=&quot;Brewster&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Brewster|first=Todd|title=Lincoln's Gamble: The Tumultuous Six Months that Gave America the Emancipation Proclamation and Changed the Course of the Civil War|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew|publisher=Scribner|year=2014|isbn=978-1451693867|page=[https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew/page/59 59]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But e come get risk say, when di war finish, di reason wey he go use to free di slaves go finish too. For late 1862, Lincoln ask im Attorney General, Edward Bates, wetin e go fit do if slaves wey dem free under war proclamation go fit be taken back once di war end. Bates gats wade through di language of Dred Scott decision before e fit give answer, but e finally conclude say dem fit still remain free. Still, for full end of slavery, dem go need constitutional amendment. Dem dey give Lincoln different advice on whether to free di slaves, both for public and private. Thomas Nast be cartoon artist wey dey work during Civil War and late 1800s, dem dey call am &quot;Father of the American Cartoon&quot;. E draw plenty things, including one artwork wey show how people wey dey suffer for slavery move enter civilization when President Lincoln sign the Proclamation. Nast believ say everybody suppose get equal chance, even the enslaved Africans and free blacks. For Chicago on September 7, 1862, plenty people gather for rally wey demand make dem free all slaves sharp sharp. One group wey William W. Patton dey lead go meet the president for White House on September 13. Lincoln talk for peacetime say e no get power wey constitution gree make am free slaves. Even as war power, emancipation no be small risk wey fit cause wahala. Public opinion no too dey support am.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA18 18]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Copperhead Democrats no go gree, and border states no sure how dem go react. Delaware and Maryland dey high for free blacks percentage: 91.2% and 49.7% for 1860.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Kolchin|first=Peter|title=American Slavery: 1619–1877|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542|date=1994|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-1554-2|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542/page/82 82]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Drafting and issuance of the proclamation ==
[[File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Eastman_Johnson|Eastman Johnson]] (American, 1824–1906) – ''[[:en:A_Ride_for_Liberty_–_The_Fugitive_Slaves|A Ride for Liberty – The Fugitive Slaves]]'', {{Circa|1862}}]]
Lincoln first yan the proclamation with him cabinet for July 1862. E draft him first proclamation and read am to Secretary of State William Seward and Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles on July 13. Seward and Welles no fit even talk, but Seward talk say e dey fear say if dem no careful, wahala go fall everywhere for South, and foreign people fit come join. Welles no talk anything. On July 22, Lincoln show am to him whole cabinet as wetin e don decide to do and him ask dem how dem go fit word am&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|year=2002|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/almintr.html|access-date=June 28, 2013|work=Lincoln Papers|publisher=Library of Congress and Knox College}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton back am, but Seward advice say make Lincoln wait make Union fit win major battle before e go drop the proclamation, else e go look like say Union dey shout retreat. But Walter Stahr write say, 'Some sources talk say dem other people dey involved for the delay decision,' and e quote dem&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Doris Kearns |title=Team of Rivals |publisher=Blithedale Productions |year=2005 |location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

For September 1862, the Battle of Antietam give Lincoln the victory wey e need to drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. For the battle, Union lose plenty soldiers pass Confederates and General McClellan allow Robert E. Lee troops to run, but Union forces still push back Confederate invasion for Maryland, chop down more than quarter of Lee army. This one be turning point for the Civil War.&lt;ref&gt;Stahr, Walter, ''Stanton: Lincoln's War Secretary'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2017, p. 226.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|left|thumb|1864 reproduction of the Emancipation Proclamation from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division]]For September 22, 1862, five days after Antietam, as Lincoln dey chill for Soldier's Home, e call im cabinet come meet and drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Preliminary Emacipation Proclamation, 1862|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/preliminary_emancipation_proclamation.html#|website=www.archives.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, Lincoln tell dem say, &quot;I don make one serious promise before God, say if General Lee fit run come from Pennsylvania, I go finish am with the freedom declaration for slaves&lt;ref&gt;McPherson, James M. ''Battle Cry of Freedom'', (1988), p. 557.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Carpenter |first=Frank B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTsl3N7hDpAC&amp;q=six+months+at+the+white+house+carpenter |title=Six Months at the White House |publisher=Applewood Books |year=1866 |isbn=978-1-4290-1527-1 |page=90 |access-date=February 20, 2010}} as reported by Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon Portland Chase, September 22, 1862. Others present used the word ''resolution'' instead of ''vow to God''. Gideon Welles, ''Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy Under Lincoln and Johnson'' (Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1911), 1:143, reported that Lincoln made a covenant with God that if God would change the tide of the war, Lincoln would change his policy toward slavery. See also Nicolas Parrillo, &quot;Lincoln's Calvinist Transformation: Emancipation and War&quot;, ''Civil War History'' (September 1, 2000).&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; Lincoln show im first draft to Vice President Hannibal Hamlin,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=Bangor in Focus: Hannibal Hamlin|url=http://bangorinfo.com/Focus/focus_hannibal_hamlin.html|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=Bangorinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;, wey be serious abolitionist, but dem dey keep am for dark about presidential matter. So, Lincoln drop the final proclamation wey e promise for January 1, 1863. Even though Congress give am authority, Lincoln use im power as Commander-in-Chief of Army and Navy to drop the proclamation as war measure. So, e no be like law wey Congress enact, because Lincoln fit just cancel am if e like. One week after e drop the final Proclamation, Lincoln write to Major General John McClernand: &quot;After dem start fight, I dey try for almost one and half year to manage without touch the 'institution'; but when I finally decide to touch am, I give hundred days notice so all States and people fit turn back as good citizens. Dem choose to ignore am, and I make the proclamation based on wetin I see as military need. Once I don make am, e go stand.” Lincoln still talk say the states wey dey for the proclamation fit “adopt plans for apprenticeship for di colored people, wey go follow wetin dey approved for gradual emancipation; and... dem fit dey almost as okay as if this wahala no happen. E end by beg McClernand say make e no carry this letter go public..”.&lt;ref&gt;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln6/1:84.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext;q1=broken+eggs &quot;The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln]&quot; edited by Roy P. Basler, Volume 6, pp. 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|thumb|One printed paper dey call for men wey get color make dem join U.S. military after dem free slaves in 1863 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).]]
Initially, di Emancipation Proclamation free only small number of slaves, wey be di one wey dey behind Union line for area wey no dey exempted. Plenty slaves still dey behind Confederate line or for exempted Union area. Secretary of State William H. Seward talk say, &quot;We dey show our sympathy with slavery by freeing slaves where we no fit reach dem and keeping dem in bondage where we fit set dem free.&quot; If any slave state fit stop dem secession before January 1, 1863, dem fit keep slavery, at least for small time. Di Proclamation free di slaves only for di South area wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. But as di Union army dey move for di South, slaves dey run go behind dem line, and &quot;shortly after dem issue di Emancipation Proclamation, di Lincoln administration lift di ban on to entice slaves go Union line.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 367.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Dis whole matter help for di destruction of slavery. Di Emancipation Proclamation still allow freed slaves join di United States military. During di war, nearly 200,000 black men, most of dem be ex-slaves, join di Union Army&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Teaching With Documents: The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dem contribution be very important for winning di war. Di Confederacy no allow slaves join dem army as soldier until di last month before dem defeat&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=March 23, 1865|title=Confederate Law Authorizing the Enlistment of Black Soldiers, as Promulgated in a Military Order|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312213532/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|archive-date=March 12, 2012|access-date=April 13, 2012|work=CSA General Orders, No. 14|publisher=Department of History, University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Even though di counties of Virginia wey soon go form West Virginia no dey included for di Proclamation (Jefferson County be di only exception), one condition for di state to join di Union be say dem constitution go provide for gradual abolition of slavery (dem still adopt immediate emancipation for all slaves early 1865). Slaves for di border states of Maryland and Missouri still dey free by separate state action before di Civil War finish. For Maryland, new state constitution wey abolish slavery go take effect on November 1, 1864. Di Union wey dey control eastern Virginia counties plus Louisiana parishes, wey dem no allow under di Proclamation, dem come put state constitution wey make slavery no dey inside April 1864.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitutional Convention, Virginia (1864)|url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Virginia_Convention_of_1864|access-date=October 11, 2016|website=encyclopediavirginia.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/april-1864-civil-war.htm|title=American Civil War April 1864 – History Learning Site|newspaper=History Learning Site|access-date=October 11, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For early 1865, Tennessee come take amend dem constitution wey go stop slavery..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=December 8, 2009|title=Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|archive-date=October 11, 2007|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=TSLA: This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee|url=http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/timelines/timeline_1861-1865.htm|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=State.tn.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Implementation ==
[[File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|right|thumb|The moment the proclamation was signed, portrayed by [[:en:Lee_Lawrie|Lee Lawrie]] in [[:en:Lincoln,_Nebraska|Lincoln, Nebraska]]]]
Di Proclamation come out first in one early version and den final version. Di first one, wey dem issue for September 22, 1862, na early announcement wey show wetin di final one go talk later, wey take effect 100 days after for January 1, 1863, during di second year of di Civil War. Di early Emancipation Proclamation na Abraham Lincoln declaration say all di slaves go free forever for all di areas of di Confederacy wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. Di final Emancipation Proclamation name di ten states wey dey affected (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina). States like Maryland, Delaware, Missouri and Kentucky wey dey for di Union no dey included. Tennessee too no dey named, as Union military government don already set up for Nashville wey na di capital. Dem state specific exemptions for areas wey still dey under Union control on January 1, 1863, like 48 counties wey go soon turn West Virginia, seven other counties for Virginia wey include Berkeley and Hampshire wey go join West Virginia, New Orleans and 13 parishes wey dey around.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2015-10-06|title=Transcript of the Proclamation|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html|access-date=2020-09-20|website=National Archives|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Areas wey Union control for di Confederate states where di proclamation start run sharp sharp by local commanders include Winchester for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;Richard Duncan, Beleaguered Winchester: A Virginia Community at War (Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2007), pp. 139–40&lt;/ref&gt;, Corinth for Mississippi,&lt;ref&gt;Ira Berlin et al., eds., Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861–1867, Vol. 1: The Destruction of Slavery (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 260&lt;/ref&gt;, di Sea Islands along di coasts of di Carolinas and Georgia&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;, Key West for Florida&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Important From Key West&quot;, ''The New York Times'' February 4, 1863, p. 1&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal for South Carolina..&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Immediate impact ===
[[File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|left|thumb|Photo of two pikin wey dem fit don free – around 1870]]
[[File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|thumb|'Scene Wey Dey Happen for Road' from Philadelphia Inquirer reporter (maybe U.H. Painter[1]) wey dey follow Army of Potomac, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864]]
Dis one wey dem dey call &quot;Scene Along the Route&quot; from person wey dey report for Philadelphia Inquirer (maybe na U.H. Painter) wey dey with Potomac Army, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864. On New Year’s Eve for 1862, plenty African Americans – both wey dem don commot and wey still dey suffer – gather for USA to do Watch Night for &quot;Freedom's Eve&quot;, dey wait for midnight wey go bring change&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-19|title=The Historical Legacy of Juneteenth|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/historical-legacy-juneteenth|access-date=2022-06-13|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Some people dey talk say Emancipation Proclamation no free anybody&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=James M. Paradis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pd3HsBXCq94C&amp;pg=PA90|title=African Americans and the Gettysburg Campaign|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2012|isbn=9780810883369|page=90}}&lt;/ref&gt;; historian Lerone Bennett Jr. dey claim say na janja wey dem prepare no be to free anybody.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Kenneth L. Deutsch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-YAbM7YYCIC&amp;pg=PT35|title=Lincoln's American Dream: Clashing Political Perspectives|author2=Joseph Fornieri|publisher=Potomac Books|year=2005|isbn=9781597973908|page=35}}&lt;/ref&gt; But because of dis Proclamation, many slaves don use this war collect their freedom, as e start on the day e take effect; wey people for places like Hilton Head Island, South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;&quot;News from South Carolina: Negro Jubilee at Hilton Head&quot;, ''New York Herald'', January 7, 1863, p. 5&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal, South Carolina&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 22&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; dey celebrate on January 1 as dem hear say dem don get legal freedom. People dey guess the total wey dem free as the Emancipation Proclamation start; one report say 'contraband' for Union-occupied North Carolina na 10,000, and Sea Islands for South Carolina dey plenty too&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=qUTrAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Those+20,000+slaves+were+freed+immediately+by+the+Emancipation+Proclamation.&amp;pg=PA109 Epps, Henry, ''A Concise Chronicle History of African-American People Experience in America'', SCL, 2012, p. 109]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Zone wey Union dey control wey freedom start include eastern North Carolina, Mississippi Valley, northern Alabama, Shenandoah Valley for Virginia, plenty Arkansas, and Sea Islands for Georgia and South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;Harris, &quot;After the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, p. 45&lt;/ref&gt;. Even though some counties for Union-occupied Virginia no follow the Proclamation, lower Shenandoah Valley and Alexandria area dey included.&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP2&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt; Emancipation don start to take effect as Union soldiers dey enter Confederacy. Slaves dey run from their masters and Union soldiers dey help dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Allen C. Guelzo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PT107|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|year=2006|isbn=9781416547952|pages=107–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another side, Robert Gould Shaw write am to him mama on September 25, 1862, &quot;So the 'Proclamation of Emancipation' don finally show face, or better say, e for come first. I dey sure say una dey jolly for am. But me, I no fit see wetin e go do now. Anywhere our army don reach, no slaves dey anymore, and the Proclamation no go free dem where we no fit go.&quot; Ten days later, him write am again, &quot;No think say from wetin I talk before, I dey believe say Mr. Lincoln's 'Emancipation Proclamation' no correct ... but as war measure, I no see d matter wey e go reason now, ... as the slaves no fit free for any way, with Emancipation Act or without.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

Booker T. Washington, as small boy of 9 for Virginia, remember the day for early 1865:&lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

* As the big day dey come closer, plenty song dey burst for the slave quarters pass usual. E dey louder, more sweet, and e dey last well into night. Most of the plantation songs get some freedom vibe.... [S]ome man wey be stranger (a United States officer, I gbadun) make small speech and then read long paper—the Emancipation Proclamation, I think. After di reading, dem tell us say we don free, and fit waka when and where we want. My mama, wey dey by my side, lean down come kiss her pikin dem, while joy tears dey run for her cheeks. She explain wetin everything mean, say this na the day wey she don dey pray for long, but fear say she no go fit see am.[[File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|left|thumb|Winslow Homer 1876 – &quot;A Visit from the Old Mistress&quot; show tension between group of newly freed slaves and their former master – Smithsonian Museum of American Art.]]Runaway slaves wey don escape go Union lines before dey dey hold dem as 'contraband of war' under Confiscation Acts. The Sea Islands wey dey off Georgia coast don already fall to Union Navy for early war. The white people don run go mainland but the black ones dey sit down. Dem start early Reconstruction program for di former slaves, wey get schools and training. Naval officers come read di proclamation for dem, tell dem say dem don free.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman2&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;  Slaves dey part of di 'engine of war' for di Confederacy. Dem dey produce and prepare food; sew uniform; fix railway; work for farms and factories, shipping yards, and mines; build fortifications; and serve as hospital workers and common laborers. News of di Proclamation fly quick through mouth, spark hope for freedom, create confusion, and push plenty people to escape go Union lines..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Goodheart|first=Adam|title=1861: The Civil War Awakening|url=https://archive.org/details/1861civilwarawak0000good|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|year=2011|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; George Washington Albright, one teenage slave for Mississippi, remember say like many of him fellow slaves, him papa don escape join Union forces. According to Albright, plantation owners dey try keep di Proclamation news from slaves, but dem sabi am through grapevine. Di young slave come be 'runner' for one informal group dem dey call 4Ls ('Lincoln's Legal Loyal League'), wey dey carry news of di proclamation go secret slave meetings for plantations all over di region..&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins, Sally, and Stauffer, John. ''The State of Jones''. New York: Anchor Books, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7679-2946-2}}, p. 42.&lt;/ref&gt;  Confederate general Robert E. Lee see di Emancipation Proclamation as way for di Union to increase di number of soldiers dem fit put for di field, making am urgent for di Confederacy to increase dem own numbers too.
After dem sack Fredericksburg, Lee write say, &quot;Di way di enemy dey gather plenty troops and di brutal wahala wey dem don declare, e no go fit give us any choice but to win or suffer pass death. If we wan save di honor of our families from disgrace and our way of life from destruction, make we put all our effort, use all means wey dey available, to fill and keep our army strong, until God go bless us with our independence.&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://cwmemory.com/2011/11/18/robert-e-lee-on-robert-h-milroy-or-emancipation/ &quot;Robert E. Lee on Robert H. Milroy or Emancipation,&quot; ''civil war memory: The Online Home of Kevin M. Levin'', November 18, 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Shelby Foote|title=The Civil War: A Narrative: Fredericksburg to Meridian|publisher=Random House|year=1963|volume=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation be big turn for di war, as e make di North no just wan keep di Union, but also free di slaves.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 10, 2022|title=Emancipation Proclamation (1863)|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/emancipation-proclamation|access-date=13 February 2024|website=National Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Di Proclamation also gather support from abolitionists and Europeans, wey dey push enslaved people to escape go North. Dis one weaken di labor for di South and strong di North ranks..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Immediate Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|access-date=13 February 2024|website=Historical Society of Pennsylvania|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213010125/https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|archive-date=13 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Racism dey dey everywhere, both sides for the wahala, and plenty people for North just support the war to force South make dem stay for Union. The Republican politicians wey promise say the war be for Union restoration, no be about black rights or end slavery, dem opponents talk say na big lies, because of the Proclamation. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen yarn for crowd, &quot;Now my fellow Democrats, I go ask you if you go let dem push you enter wahala against your brothers for the Southern States because of the Negro. My answer be No!&quot; The Copperheads see the Proclamation as clear proof for their matter and the start of their political rise; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say the truth don clear even for &quot;those wey no get sense wey still dey think say the President be conservative and the war be for Union restoration under the Constitution&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Political impact ===
[[File:TRUMP.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TRUMP.JPG|thumb|Abe Lincoln Last Card; Or, Rouge-et-Noir (Red and Black), na cartoon wey John Tenniel draw make e appear for Punch after London Times talk say Lincoln don play him 'last card' when e drop the Proclamation for October 1862. Lincoln hair be sharp, e dey look like horns. Dem dey print dis cartoon well well for Copperhead press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=October 18, 1862|title=Abe Lincoln's Last Card|url=http://www.historygallery.com/prints/PunchLincoln/1862lastcard/1862lastcard.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Mitgang|first=Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQQXbIE--ggC&amp;q=London%20Times%20freeing%20the%20slaves%20Lincoln's%20%22desperate%20last-trump%20card%22&amp;pg=PA236-IA10|title=Abraham Lincoln, a Press Portrait: His Life and Times from the Original Newspaper Documents of the Union, the Confederacy, and Europe|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8232-2062-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]Di Proclamation dem denounce am sharp sharp, Copperhead Democrats wey no gree war and wan make dem bring back di union by allowing slavery. Horatio Seymour wey dey run for New York governor, him talk say di Emancipation Proclamation be call for slaves to dey commit wahala for all di white southerners, him yarn say na &quot;proposal for di butchery of women and children, for scenes of lust and rapine, and of arson and murder, wey go call for civilized Europe to intervene&quot;. Di Copperheads too see di Proclamation as mistake wey dey misuse presidential power. Editor Henry A. Reeves write for Greenport's Republican Watchman say &quot;For di name of freedom for Negroes, [di proclamation] dey put white men liberty for wahala; to test one utopian theory of equality wey Nature, History and Experience dey gree as monster, e dey scatter di Constitution and Civil Laws and set Military Usurpation on top&quot;. 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;Racism dey everywhere for both sides, and plenty people for di North support di war just to force di South to stay for di Union. Di promises of plenty Republican politicians wey talk say di war na to restore di Union and no be about black rights or ending slavery dem mark am as lies by dia opponents, wey use di Proclamation talk am. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen tell crowd, &quot;Now fellow Democrats I go ask you if you wan force yourself enter war against your Britheren of di Southern States for di Negro. I answer No!&quot; Di Copperheads sabi so di Proclamation be proof wey no fit argue for dia side and di start of political rise for dem members; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say di truth don show even to &quot;those stupid thickheaded persons wey dey think say di President na conservative man and di war na for di restoration of di Union under di Constitution.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1862 elections, Democrats chop 28 seats for House plus dem take governorship for New York. Lincoln padi, Orville Hickman Browning, tell am say the Proclamation and suspension of habeas corpus be like disaster for him party, e give Democrats plenty weapons. Lincoln no talk anything back. Copperhead William Jarvis from Connecticut talk say di election be di 'beginning of di end of Abolitionism wahala'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Historians like James M. McPherson and Allan Nevins dey talk say even though di results fit look bad, Lincoln fit still see am as good; his enemies do well only for di areas wey dem sabi best and 'for di national level, wetin dem gain for House na di smallest wey any minority party don get for off-year election wey don pass near a generation. Michigan, California, and Iowa all go Republican... Plus, di Republicans collect five seats for Senate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;' McPherson talk say, 'If di election be referendum on emancipation and how Lincoln dey handle di war, plenty Northern voters support these policies.'&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Confederate response ===
[[File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|thumb|&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)]]
&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)

Di first Confedrate response na anger. Dem see di Proclamation as confirmation of di rebellion and proof say Lincoln for don finish slavery even if di states no come back join di Union. Dis one make di fear of slaves revolting increase and scatter morale, especially di slave owners wey see am as threat to dia business. For one letter wey U.S. Army general Ulysses S. Grant write to President Lincoln for August 1863, e talk say di proclamation wey dey &quot;arm di negro&quot;, plus di &quot;emancipation of di negro, na di heaviest blow dem don give di Confederacy so far.&quot;  Di South dey craze plenty for am and dem dey vex well well&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Grant |first=Ulysses |date=August 23, 1863 |title=Letter to Abraham Lincoln |url=http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503212700/http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |access-date=May 3, 2014 |quote=I have given the subject of arming the Negro my hearty support. This, with the emancipation of the Negro, is the heaviest blow yet given the Confederacy. The South rave a greatdeel about it and profess to be very angry. |location=Cairo, Illinois}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For May 1863, small months after di Proclamation start, di Confederacy pass law wey dem dey demand 'full and ample retaliation' against di U.S. for di matter. Dem talk say black U.S. soldiers wey dem catch while dem dey fight di Confederacy go face court as slave rebels—dis one go fit land dem for serious wahala wey fit end for death. Less than one year after di law pass, di Confederates kill plenty black U.S. soldiers for Fort Pillow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tap|first=Bruce|title=The Fort Pillow Massacre: North, South, and the Status of African Americans in the Civil War Era|date=2013|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

President Jefferson Davis react to di Emancipation Proclamation with fire and for im speech to di Confederate Congress on January 12, im threaten say any U.S. military officer wey dem catch for Confederate ground go face state authority to charge dem for 'exciting servile insurrection', wey be serious matter..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=January 12, 1863: Jefferson Davis responds to the Emancipation Proclamation &amp;#124; the Daily Dose|url=http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113000330/http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|archive-date=January 13, 2023|access-date=January 13, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

General Robert E. Lee call di Proclamation 'savage and brutal policy wey dem don proclaim, wey no go give us any choice but success or disgrace wey fit worse pass death.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095239/https://leefamilyarchive.org/family-papers/letters/letters-1863/9-family-papers/1180-robert-e-lee-to-james-a-seddon-1863-january-10 Lee Family Digital Archive]&lt;/ref&gt;

But some Confederates welcome di Proclamation, cos dem believe say e go make pro-slavery feeling strong for di Confederacy and fit make more white men join di army. One Confederate cavalry sergeant from Kentucky talk say, 'Di Proclamation worth three hundred thousand soldiers to our Government at least... E show wetin dis war come for and di plans of di wicked people wey bring am&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/107 107] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;.' Even some Union soldiers gree with dis talk and dey fear di Proclamation no be on principle, but dem dey worry say e go make di Confederacy fight harder and hold onto slavery. One Union soldier from New York talk say after di Proclamation come out, I sabi well well how di southern people go fight for dem slavery matter, even if e mean say dem go face wahala wey fit finish dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As e be say the Proclamation land, price for slaves for the Confederacy dey rise after dem issue am, one Confederate guy from South Carolina talk for 1865 say, &quot;now be time make Uncle buy some negro women and pikin....&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== International impact ===
The way wey Lincoln wan am, the proclamation change wetin people for foreign land dey think, dem dey support the Union as dem get backing from countries wey no dey like slavery and those wey don already stop am (especially for developed places like UK and France). This change scatter the Confederacy hopes of getting any official recognition&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Robert E. May|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC|title=The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic rim|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-1-55753-061-5|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC&amp;pg=PA29 29–68]|chapter=History and Mythology: The Crisis over British Intervention in the Civil War}}&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make clear say to stop slavery be serious Union goal, e connect support for the South to support for slavery. People for Britain no go fit support slavery. As Henry Adams talk, &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation don do more for us than all our old victories and all our diplomacy.&quot; For Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi call Lincoln &quot;the heir of the aspirations of John Brown&quot;. On August 6, 1863, Garibaldi write to Lincoln say: &quot;Posterity go call you the great emancipator, better title than any crown fit be, and bigger than any earthly treasure&lt;ref&gt;Mack Smith, p. 72&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; 

Mayor Abel Haywood, wey represent workers from Manchester, England, write to Lincoln talk say, &quot;We dey honor you for all the correct steps wey you dey take to show say you believe in wetin your great founders talk: 'All men be free and equa&lt;ref&gt;Quoted in {{cite book|author=James Lander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QaTnoZ_uYlUC&amp;pg=PA221|title=Lincoln and Darwin: Shared Visions of Race, Science, and Religion|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780809329908|page=221}}&lt;/ref&gt;l.'&quot; The Emancipation Proclamation help cool tension with Europe about the North's war matter, plus the recent Southern attack wey fail for Antietam, come make e clear say no chance for Confederacy to get foreign military help for the war.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Kevin Phillips |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tsir90xfo4C&amp;pg=PA493 |title=The Cousins' Wars: Religion, Politics, Civil Warfare, And The Triumph Of Anglo-America |publisher=Basic Books |year=2000 |isbn=9780465013708 |page=493}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

But still, even with the Emancipation Proclamation, arms sales to the Confederacy through blockade running, from British companies and dealers, still dey happen, with the British government sabi am.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Edward Hawkins Sisson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BL2AwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=blockade+running+Britain+1863+Emancipation+Proclamation&amp;pg=PA1169|title=America the Great|date=June 22, 2014|publisher=Edward Sisson|page=1169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Confederacy fit hold the war for two more years mostly because British blockade runners dey supply dem weapons. As dem dey run, e cause 400,000 more soldiers and civilians for both sides to die..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/historians-reveal-secrets-of-uk-gunrunning-which-lengthened-the-american-civil-war-by-two-years-9557937.html|title=Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years|author=David Keys|date=24 June 2014|work=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Paul Hendren |date=April 1933 |title=The Confederate Blockade Runners |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1933/april/confederate-blockade-runners |publisher=United States Naval Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter G. Tsouras |date=March 11, 2011 |title=American Civil War viewpoints: It was British arms that sustained the Confederacy |url=https://www.military-history.org/blog/it-was-british-arms-that-sustained-the-confederacy-during-the-american-civil-war-peter-tsouras.htm |publisher=Military History Matters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NJGT&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |author=Beau Cleland |title=Between King Cotton and Queen Victoria: Confederate Informal Diplomacy and Privatized Violence in British America During the American Civil War |publisher=University of Calgary |url=https://prism.ucalgary.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/fce3cc3a-b506-4cf1-a42b-4f939db75ac5/content#page=14 |page=2 |quote=British resources were, in fact, essential to the rebellion’s survival. In the face of a blockade that after 1861 made direct imports nearly impossible, the overwhelming majority of the arms and supplies that the Confederacy received from abroad passed through British colonies en route from Europe, usually on British-flagged ships, consigned to British merchants, and paid for with cotton that followed the same path out of Southern ports. Without the advantage provided by British (and to a far lesser extent, Spanish) colonies, the Confederacy had no prayer of military victory. The colonies were unsinkable, unassailable refuges in an enemy-controlled sea.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gettysburg Address ==
Lincoln talk the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, wey e show small small about the Proclamation and how e wan end slavery as war goal with di phrase &quot;new birth of freedom&quot;. Di Proclamation really help Lincoln for gain support from di fast growing abolitionist people for di Republican Party and make sure say dem no go block am for 1864 renomination.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union: vol. 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863) ==
For December 1863, Lincoln drop di Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, wey talk how di rebel states fit repair dem relationship with di Union. Di main points be say di states go accept di Emancipation Proclamation and grant freedom to dem slaves, and accept di Confiscation Acts, plus di Act wey dey ban slavery for United States territories.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Richter|first=William L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fa2_G9yaX38C&amp;q=proclamation%2520of%2520amnesty%2520and%2520reconstruction&amp;pg=PA479|title=The A to Z of the Civil War and Reconstruction|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=9780810863361|pages=479–480|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|thumb|Dis Ambrotype be picture of African American woman wey hold flag, dem talk say she be washerwoman for Union soldiers wey dey stay outside Richmond, Virginia (Smithsonian 2005.0002.01)]]
As war dem dey finish, abolitionists dey fear say di Emancipation Proclamation go just be war tactics, wetin Lincoln wan make happen, and e no go fit hold once dem stop fight. Dem dey vex say dem wan secure freedom for all di slaves, no be only di ones wey Emancipation Proclamation go free. So, Lincoln put plenty for im 1864 presidential campaign for di constitutional amendment wey go ban slavery for di whole U.S. Lincoln campaign get boost from votes for Maryland and Missouri wey wan end slavery for dia states. Maryland new constitution wey ban slavery start work on November 1, 1864&lt;ref&gt;White, Jonathan W., &quot;Achieving Emancipation in Maryland,&quot; in ''The Civil War in Maryland Reconsidered'', edited by Charles W. Mitchell and Jean H. Baker, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2021, p. 249.&lt;/ref&gt;. Slavery for Missouri end on January 11, 1865, when dem gather for state convention approve di law wey go end slavery by 60-4 vote,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Missouri|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010471356|title=Journal of the Missouri state convention, held at the city of St. Louis January 6-April 10, 1865|date=1865|publisher=Missouri Democrat|location=St. Louis|pages=25–26|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and that same day Governor Thomas C. Fletcher drop im own 'Proclamation of Freedom.'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fletcher|first1=Thomas C.|url=https://archive.org/details/missourisjubilee00flet|title=Missouri's Jubilee|date=1865|publisher=W. A. Curry, Public Printer|location=Jefferson City, MO|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As Lincoln win re-election, im push di lame duck 38th Congress make dem pass di proposed amendment sharp-sharp instead of waiting for di new 39th Congress. For January 1865, Congress send di Thirteenth Amendment wey go ban slavery for all U.S. states and areas, except as punishment for crime, go di state legislatures for dem to ratify. Di amendment get enough states wey ratify am by December 6, 1865, and dem announce am 12 days later. Dem say around 40,000 slaves dey for Kentucky and 1,000 for Delaware wey dem free then.&lt;ref name=&quot;1860Census&quot;&gt;{{cite web|year=1860|title=Census, Son of the South|url=http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|publisher=sonofthesouth.net|access-date=2025-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821141608/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|archive-date=2008-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Critiques ==
More gist: Abraham Lincoln and slavery

Dem say Lincoln’s proclamation be one of di most radical freedom moves wey don happen for di modern world&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|last=Hahn|first=Steven|date=2011-01-13|title=Discovering Equality|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/81377/lincoln-slavery-fiery-trial-review|magazine=The New Republic|issn=0028-6583}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But as time dey go, America still dey do black people anyhow, so people begin dey doubt Lincoln and di Emancipation Proclamation. One person wey attack am be Lerone Bennett for him book Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream (2000), wey talk say Lincoln be white supremacist wey just issue di Proclamation instead of real changes wey di radical abolitionists dey fight for. But one review talk say &quot;Few Civil War scholars dey take Bennett and DiLorenzo serious, dem dey point out dia small political agenda and faulty research.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Dirck |first=Brian |date=September 2009 |title=''Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery'', and ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'', and ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/315139 |journal=Civil War History |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=382–385 |doi=10.1353/cwh.0.0090 |s2cid=143986160 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For him book Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Allen C. Guelzo observe say professional historians no too respect di document well, as e don collect small major scholarly studies. E talk say Lincoln be di U.S.'s &quot;last Enlightenment politician&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; and because of dat he get &quot;loyalty to 'reason, cold, calculating, unimpassioned reason'.... But di most important political virtue wey Enlightenment give Lincoln, and di Proclamation, na prudence&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Some other historians dey give Lincoln more props for wetin e do towards ending slavery and how e grow for political and moral status. Maybe more for happen if dem no kill am. As Eric Foner talk:&lt;ref&gt;Doris Kearns Goodwin, ''Team of Rivals'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln no be abolitionist or Radical Republican, Bennett dey remind us plenty times. E no like immediate abolition before war start, and he get some racist ideas wey people get for him time. But this guy dey believe say slavery no be correct, and during Civil War, e show say he fit grow for moral and political matter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Foner|first=Eric|date=April 9, 2000|title=''Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream'' by Lerone Bennett, Jr.|url=http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041027065400/http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|archive-date=2004-10-27|publisher=Los Angeles Times Book Review}} (book review)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Kal Ashraf talk say: 

Maybe if we no dey see am as Lincoln be lone fighter against collective freedom fighters, we go fit sabi say dem fit work together well. True talk: flawed and racist Lincoln still do something wey be heroic, no be say e do am alone, but e dey power by collective effort. To call am 'Great Emancipator' fit make we forget wetin him actions mean. How him be as person, no be anybody fit really sabi. So the version of Lincoln we dey hold, na the same version we dey create.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Kal |date=March 2013 |title='Editorial', American Studies in Britain |url=https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623212050/https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=2013-03-28 |series=(108: Spring 2013) |publisher=British Association for American Studies |issn=1465-9956 |p=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Legacy for civil rights era ==

=== Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ===
[[File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010]]
President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. talk plenty about Emancipation Proclamation during civil rights movement. E even get one address wey him do for New York City on September 12, 1962, wey him talk say the Proclamation dey beside the Declaration of Independence as one “imperishable” gift to civilization. E add say, 'All tyrants, past, present and future, no fit bury the truth wey dey inside these declarations....' Him dey lament say even though United States “they proudly talk the basic principles wey dey both documents,” e dey “sadly practice the opposite of these principles.” Him conclude say, “The only way we fit celebrate the Emancipation Proclamation be to make the freedom wey e declare real; to go back to di origin of our nation when we message of equality shine light for unfree world, and to reaffirm democracy by action wey bold and daring like the Emancipation Proclamation issuance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.|title=Dr. Martin Luther King on the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://home.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/mlk-ep.htm|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

” King's most popular talk wey concern Emancipation Proclamation na for speech wey him give from Lincoln Memorial steps at di 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (we dey call am di “I Have a Dream” speech). King start di speech with say “Five score years ago, one big American, inside whose shadow we dey stand, sign di Emancipation Proclamation. Dis important decree come like big beacon light of hope for plenty Negro slaves wey don dey suffer for injustice. E come like joyful daybreak to end di long night of dem captivity. But one hundred years later, we go face di tragic truth say di Negro still no dey free. One hundred years later, di life of di Negro still dey suffer from di chains of segregation and di manacles of discrimination.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.|date=August 28, 1963|title=I Have A Dream|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723170458/http://thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|archive-date=July 23, 2014|access-date=August 29, 2013|publisher=The King Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== De &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot; ===
Main article: Second Emancipation Proclamation

For di early 1960s, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and him guys call President John F. Kennedy make e sidestep di Southern segregationist wey dey cause wahala for di Congress. Dem wan make him issue executive order wey go end di segregation&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crmvet.org/info/emancip2.htm Draft of Second Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis paper wey dem get in mind na di &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot;. But Kennedy no follow through; e no issue di second Emancipation Proclamation and e dey avoid all di centennial celebration wey dey show say emancipation don happen. Historian David W. Blight talk say, even though di idea of executive order as second Emancipation Proclamation don almost vanish, di manifesto wey King and him boys create call for di executive order show say him sabi di American politics well and how moral leadership fit influence di American people through executive order. Although e no fit push for second Emancipation Proclamation from di White House, e still important say make dem try fight di structured forgetting of emancipation wey dey hidden for Civil War memory.&lt;ref&gt;Blight, David W. and Allison Scharfstein, &quot;King's Forgotten Manifesto&quot;. ''The New York Times'', May 16, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President John F. Kennedy ===
On June 11, 1963, President Kennedy talk for national television about civil rights. Kennedy wey some activists dey fit call timid remind di people say two black students don peacefully enter University of Alabama with help from di National Guard, even as Governor George Wallace dey oppose am. John Kennedy call am &quot;moral issue.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Invoking di centennial of di Emancipation Proclamation him talk, 

One hundred years now pass since President Lincoln free slaves, but their pikin dem, their grandsons, still no dey free. Dem still dey suffer from injustice. Dem still dey under social and economic wahala. And dis Na­tion, wey get all di dreams and big talk, go no fit dey fully free until all di people dey free. We dey shout freedom for everywhere, and we mean am, and we hold our freedom tight for home, but wetin we go tell di world, and more importantly, to ourselves say dis na land of di free except for Negroes; say we no get second-class citizens except Negroes; say we no get class or caste system, no ghettoes, no master race except with respect to Negroes? E don reach time for dis Nation to do wetin dem promise. Di wahala for Birmingham and everywhere don make di call for equality loud enough wey no city or State or law-making body fit ignore am. For di same speech, Kennedy talk say e go bring plenty civil rights bill come inside United States Congress, and e really do am one week later. Kennedy dey push for am make dem pass until dem kill am for November 22, 1963. Historian Peniel E. Joseph sabi say how Lyndon Johnson fit take dat bill, di Civil Rights Act of 1964, sign am into law for July 2, 1964, na because of di strong moral vibe wey dey for di June 11 speech, wey change di story of civil rights from one local matter to national gist wey dey promote racial equality and democratic fresh start.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President Lyndon B. Johnson ===
As civil rights movement dey hot for 1960s, Lyndon B. Johnson bring Emancipation Proclamation come front, say e be promise we never fully fulfill yet. As vice president, for Gettysburg on May 30, 1963 (Memorial Day), during 100 years anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation, Johnson connect am straight with civil rights wahala wey dey happen, him talk say &quot;One hundred years ago, dem free slave. One hundred years later, Negro still dey suffer because of him skin color.... For this time, na no be our races wey dey at stake—na our nation. Make all wey care for obodo step up, North and South, white and Negro, make dem show way through this hard time.... Until justice no dey see color, until education no dey check race, until opportunity no dey care about men skin color, emancipation go just dey be talk but no be reality. As long as we no fulfill the proclamation of emancipation, we go still dey fall short for freedom for all wey suppose be free.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 30, 1963|title=Remarks of Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson|url=http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329112921/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|archive-date=March 29, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As president, Johnson still bring the proclamation come again for speech wey e talk about Voting Rights Act for Congress on March 15, 1965. Na one week after violence don meet peaceful civil rights marchers during Selma to Montgomery march. Johnson talk say &quot;no be only Negroes, na all of us, wey need to better pass bigotry and injustice. And we go overcome. I be man wey roots dey deep for Southern soil, I sabi how race matter fit dey pain. I sabi how hard e fit be to change our society structure and attitude. But na century don pass—more than 100 years—since dem free Negro. And e no fully free tonight. E don pass 100 years since Abraham Lincoln—one big President from another party—sign Emancipation Proclamation. But emancipation na just talk, no be reality. E don pass century—more than 100 years—since dem promise equality, but the Negro still no get am. E don long since the day dem promise, and di promise still dey ground. Now na di time for justice don show, and I go tell you say I truly believe say no force fit stop am. E go shine for di eye of man and God say e gatz come, and when e show, dat day go bright each American life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Lyndon B. Johnson|date=March 15, 1965|title=We Shall Overcome|url=http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/johnson.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Insyd popular culture ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_1963_U.S._stamp.1.jpg|thumb|U.S. commemorative stamp, 1963&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Insyd de 1963 episode of ''The Andy Griffith Show'', &quot;Andy Discovers America&quot;, Andy dey biz Barney make he explain de Emancipation Proclamation to Opie wey dey struggle plus history at school.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Episode Guide|url=http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113044056/http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|archive-date=November 13, 2013|work=TV Land}}&lt;/ref&gt; Barney dey brag about ein history expertise, yet e be apparent he no fi answer Andy ein question. He finally cam turn frustrated wey he explain am say ebe a proclamation give certain people wey want emancipation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Barney Fife Explains The Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101174953/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58&amp;gl=US&amp;hl=en|archive-date=2013-01-01|work=Episode clip, The Andy Griffith Show|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, na de Emancipation Proclamation sanso be a main item of discussion insyd de movie ''Lincoln'' (2012) wey Steven Spielberg direct.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=A. O.|date=2012-11-08|title=A President Engaged in a Great Civil War|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-06-01|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation dey celebrate all over di world, even for stamp wey nations like Republic of Togo dey use&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://postalmuseum.si.edu/object/npm_2009.2004.1 .5fr Centenary of the Emancipation Proclamation]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;. Di United States mark am for August 16, 1963, di first day for di Century of Negro Progress Exhibition for Chicago, Illinois. Na Georg Olden design am, di first printing wey dem approve na 120 million stamps.&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue2&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Check dem too ==

* [[:en:District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act|District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act]]
* [[:en:1866_Georgia_State_Freedmen's_Conventions|1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions]]
* [[:en:Juneteenth|Juneteenth]] emancipation in Texas
* [[:en:Abolition_of_slavery_timeline|Abolition of slavery timeline]]
* [[:en:Act_Prohibiting_the_Return_of_Slaves|Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves]] – 1862 statute
* [[:en:Confiscation_Acts|Confiscation Acts]]
* [[:en:Contraband_(American_Civil_War)|Contraband (American Civil War)]]
* ''[[:en:Emancipation_Memorial|Emancipation Memorial]]'' – a sculpture in Washington, D.C., completed in 1876
* [[:en:Emancipation_reform_of_1861|Emancipation reform of 1861]] – Russia
* [[:en:Lieber_Code#Black_prisoners_of_war|Lieber Code]]
* [[:en:Reconstruction_Amendments|Reconstruction Amendments]] – amendments added to the Constitution after 1863
* [[:en:Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833|Slavery Abolition Act 1833]] – an act passed by the British parliament abolishing slavery in British colonies with compensation to the owners
* [[:en:Slave_Trade_Act|Slave Trade Acts]]
* [[:en:Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] – 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
* [[:en:Timeline_of_the_civil_rights_movement|Timeline of the civil rights movement]]
* [[:en:War_Governors'_Conference|War Governors' Conference]] – gave Lincoln the much needed political support to issue the Proclamation

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=Foner |first1=Eric |author-link= |title=The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/fierytrialabraha0000fone |date=2010 |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-06618-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|author-link=|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-9965-7}}
===Primary sources===
* C. Peter Ripley, Roy E. Finkenbine, Michael F. Hembree, Donald Yacovone, editors, ''Witness for Freedom: African American Voices on Race, Slavery, and Emancipation'' (1993) {{ISBN|0807820725}}

==Read further==
* Belz, Herman. ''Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era'' (1978) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110816095105/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 Archived] August 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
* Biddle, Daniel R., and Murray Dubin. &quot;'God Is Settling the Account': African American Reaction to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' (Jan. 2013) 137#1 57–78.
* Blackiston, Harry S. &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Plan.&quot; ''Journal of Negro History'' 7, no. 3 (1922): 257–277.
* Blair, William A. and Younger, Karen Fisher, eds. ''Lincoln's Proclamation: Emancipation Reconsidered'' (The University of North Carolina Press, 2009) {{ISBN|978-0-8078-3316-2}} [https://www.fedbar.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/bookreviews-MA2010-pdf-1.pdf Review]
* Carnahan, Burrus M. ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'' (The University Press of Kentucky, 2007) {{ISBN|978-0-8131-2463-6}}
* Crowther, Edward R. &quot;Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in ''Encyclopedia of the American Civil War.'' Heidler, David S. and Heidler, Jeanne T. (2000) {{ISBN|0-393-04758-X}}
* Chambers Jr., Henry L. &quot;Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation, and Executive Power.&quot; ''Maryland Law Review'' 73 (2013): 100+ [http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3599&amp;context=mlr online]

* Ewan, Christopher. &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation and British Public Opinion&quot; ''The Historian'', Vol. 67, 2005
* Franklin, John Hope. ''The Emancipation Proclamation'' (1963) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120726125512/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 Archived] July 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Guelzo, Allen C. [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0025.103/--how-abe-lincoln-lost-the-black-vote-lincoln-and-emancipation?rgn=main;view=fulltext &quot;How Abe Lincoln Lost the Black Vote: Lincoln and Emancipation in the African American Mind&quot;], ''Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association'' (2004) 25#1
* Harold Holzer, Edna Greene Medford, and Frank J. Williams. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: Three Views'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2006) {{ISBN|0-8071-3144-X}}
* Harold Holzer. ''Emancipating Lincoln: The Proclamation in Text, Context, and Memory'' (Harvard University Press, 2012) {{ISBN|978-0-674-06440-9}}
* Jones, Howard. ''Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War'' (1999) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120627151852/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 Archived] June 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Mitch Kachun, ''Festivals of Freedom: Memory and Meaning in African American Emancipation Celebrations, 1808–1915'' (2003)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311070211/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Archived] March 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

* Kennon, Donald R. and Paul Finkelman, eds. ''Lincoln, Congress, and Emancipation'' (Ohio University Press, 2016)
* Kolchin, Peter, &quot;Reexamining Southern Emancipation in Comparative Perspective,&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'', 81#1 (Feb. 2015), 7–40.
* Litwack, Leon F. ''Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery'' (1979), social history of the end of slavery in the Confederacy
* Mack Smith, Denis, ''Garibaldi'' (Great Lives Observed). (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1969)
* McPherson, James M. ''Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction'' (2001 [3rd ed.]), esp. pp.&amp;nbsp;316–321.
* Masur, Louis P. ''Lincoln's Hundred Days: The Emancipation Proclamation and the War for the Union'' (Harvard University Press, 2012)
* Nevins, Allan. ''Ordeal of the Union: vol 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960)
* Oakes, James. ''Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865'' (W. W. Norton &amp; Co., 2013) {{ISBN|978-0-393-06531-2}}

* Siddali, Silvana R. ''From Property to Person: Slavery and the Confiscation Acts, 1861–1862'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2005) {{ISBN|0807130427}}
* Stauffer, John. ''Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln'' (Twelve, 2008) {{ISBN|978-0-446-58009-0}}
* Syrett, John. ''Civil War Confiscation Acts: Failing to Reconstruct the South'' (2005)
* Trefousse, Hans L., et al., edited by Harold M. Hyman. ''Lincoln's Decision for Emancipation'' (J. B. Lippincott &amp; Co., 1975) {{ISBN|0-397-47336-2}}
* Tsesis, Alexander. ''We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law'' (2008)
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Vorenberg, Michael. ''Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120525054940/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Archived] May 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Vorenberg, Michael, ed. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: A Brief History with Documents'' (2010), primary and secondary sources
==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q391358|c=Category:Emancipation Proclamation|n=no|b=no|v=Analysis of the Emancipation Proclamation|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=The Emancipation Proclamation|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r A zoomable image of the Leland-Boker authorized edition of the Emancipation Proclamation held by the British Library] [https://web.archive.org/web/20111208030144/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r Archived] December 8. 2011. at the Wayback Machine
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101122161527/http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=290 Lesson plan on Emancipation Proclamation from EDSITEment NEH]
* [https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation Text and images of the Emancipation Proclamation from the National Archives]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210000843/http://abrahamlincoln200.org/for-kids/lincoln-coloring-book.aspx Online Lincoln Coloring Book for Teachers and Students]
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/EmanProc.html Emancipation Proclamation and related resources at the Library of Congress]
* [http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Emancipation Proclamation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080623225840/http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Archived] June 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
* First Edition [https://web.archive.org/web/20080807130329/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/october/emancipation-proclamation.htm Emancipation Proclamation] in 1862 ''Harper's Weekly''

* [http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War] [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Archived] October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
* [http://www.americanabolitionists.com/lincoln-chronology-on-slavery-and-emancipation.html American Abolitionists and Antislavery Activists], chronology of Abraham Lincoln and emancipation
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030114103859/http://www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/hus-emancproc.htm &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;]
* [http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/ep/ Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation at the New York State Library] – images and transcript of Lincoln's original manuscript of the preliminary proclamation
* [http://humorinamerica.wordpress.com/2013/02/21/in-the-archives-lincoln-diversion-1862/ The role of humor in presenting the Proclamation to Lincoln's Cabinet]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1865/06/16/news/emancipation-proclamation-interesting-sketch-its-history-artist-carpenter.html?scp=32&amp;sq=emancipation+proclamation&amp;st=p&amp;pagewanted=all 1865 ''NY Times'' article] – Sketch of its History by Lincoln's portrait artist
* [http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Webcast Discussion] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130704053926/https://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Archived] July 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine with Pulitzer Prize-winning author James McPherson and James Cornelius, Curator of the Lincoln Collection in the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum about the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation
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      <text bytes="114619" sha1="36ytgdig41a0xrn2ft24w194dnfr0ih" xml:space="preserve">who let the dogs out who, who, who, who? Ba da bop bap pa I'm loving it.{{Databox}}De '''Emancipation Proclamation''', officially '''Proclamation 95''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;Proclamation 95—Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation] | The American Presidency Project&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]. ''presidency.ucsb.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211218125054/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united Archived] from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Harward|first1=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;pg=PA228|title=The Presidency in Times of Crisis and Disaster: Primary Documents in Context|date=2020|publisher=ABC-Clio|isbn=978-1-44-087088-0|location=Santa Barbara, California|page=228|access-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423211358/https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA228&amp;lpg=PA228&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=J-N4PHTztQ&amp;sig=ACfU3U0vp68TFMC6MVB_mh6pp3mmTaffGQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxzryaiqv3AhWylIkEHXpHC7cQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=Proclamation%2095%E2%80%94Regarding%20the%20Status%20of%20Slaves%20in%20States%20Engaged%20in%20Rebellion%20Against%20the%20United%20States&amp;f=false|archive-date=April 23, 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e ebe  presidential proclamation den '''executive order''' wey  United States Presido Abraham Lincoln  issue for January 1, 1863, den American Civil War times. Na de Proclamation get de effect of changing de legal status of more dan 3.5 million enslaved African Americans insyd de secessionist Confederate states from enslaved to free. As de slaves escape de control of dema enslavers, either by fleeing to Union lines anaa thru de advance of federal troops, na dem be permanently free. In addition, na de Proclamation allow for den slaves make dem &quot;be received into de armed service of de United States&quot;. Na de Emancipation Proclamation play a significant part insyd de end of slavery insyd de United States.

On September 22, 1862, na Lincoln issue de preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/transcript_preliminary_emancipation.html Text of Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Ein third paragraph dey begin:

{{blockquote|That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.}}

On January 1, 1863, na Lincoln issue de final Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html Text of Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Na e state:
{{blockquote|I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do ... order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion, against the United States, the following, to wit:}}

Na Lincoln then list de ten states&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[https://www.nps.gov/anjo/learn/historyculture/johnson-and-tn-emancipation.htm#:~:text=On%20January%201%2C%201863%2C%20Abraham,was%20serving%20as%20Military%20Governor. Eleven states had seceded, but Tennessee was under Union control.]&lt;/ref&gt; still insyd rebellion, wey dey exclude parts of states under Union control, wey he continue:

{{blockquote|I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free.&amp;nbsp;... [S]uch persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States.&amp;nbsp;... And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.}}Na de proclamation provide dat de executive branch, wey dey include de Army den Navy, &quot;go recognize den maintain de freedom of said persons&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Dirck|first=Brian R.|url=https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc|title=The Executive Branch of Federal Government: People, Process, and Politics|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1851097913|page=[https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc/page/102 102]|quote=The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order, itself a rather unusual thing in those days. Executive orders are simply presidential directives issued to agents of the executive department by its boss.|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even though na e exclude states wey no dey insyd rebellion, as well as parts of Louisiana den Virginia under Union control,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Davis|first=Kenneth C.|title=Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned|url=https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2003|isbn=978-0-06-008381-6|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0/page/228 227]–228|author-link=}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e still apply to more dan 3.5&amp;nbsp;million of de 4&amp;nbsp;million enslaved people insyd de country. Na dem immediately emancipate around 25,000 to 75,000 insyd those regions of de Confederacy wer na de US Army already dey in place. Na dem no fi enforce am insyd de areas still insyd rebellion,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; buh, as na de Union army take control of Confederate regions, na de Proclamation provide de legal framework for de liberation of more dan three den a half million enslaved people insyd those regions by de end of de war. Na de Emancipation Proclamation outrage white Southerners den dema sympathizers, wey na dem see am as de beginning of a race war. Na e energize abolitionists, wey e undermine those Europeans wey na dem want make dem intervene to help de Confederacy.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union, vol. 6: War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960) pp. 231–241, 273&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Proclamation lift de spirits of African Americans, both free den enslaved. Na e encourage chaw make dem escape from slavery den flee toward Union lines, wer na chaw join de Union Army.&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard Jones 1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Howard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVvZb5oeVtwC|title=Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1999|isbn=0-8032-2582-2|page=151}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Emancipation Proclamation cam turn a historic document secof e &quot;go redefine de Civil War, dem turn am [for de North] from a struggle [solely] make e preserve de Union to one [sanso] focused on ending slavery, den set a decisive course for how de nation go be reshaped after dat historic conflict.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 6, 2020|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121234009/https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|archive-date=January 21, 2021|access-date=January 24, 2021|website=History}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem never challenge de Emancipation Proclamation insyd court. Make dem ensure de abolition of slavery insyd all of de U.S., na Lincoln sanso insist dat Reconstruction plans for Southern states require dem make dem enact laws wey dey abolish slavery (wich na occur during de war insyd Tennessee, Arkansas, den Louisiana); na Lincoln encourage border states make dem adopt abolition (wich occur during de war insyd Maryland, Missouri, den West Virginia) wey na dem push for passage of de [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|13th Amendment]]. Na de Senate pass de 13th Amendment by de necessary two-thirds vote on April 8, 1864; na de House of Representatives do so on January 31, 1865; den de required three-fourths of de states ratify am on December 6, 1865. Na de amendment make slavery den involuntary servitude unconstitutional, &quot;except as a punishment for a crime&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment.html|access-date=June 27, 2013|publisher=The Library of Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Authority ==
[[File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|thumb|Abraham Lincoln]]
De United States Constitution wey dem write for 1787 no use the word 'slavery' but e get plenty provisions wey concern unfree persons. The Three-Fifths Compromise (for Article I, Section 2) talk say dem go share congressional representation, and so the number of each state votes for Electoral College go be 'based on the whole Number of free Persons' and 'three-fifths of all other Persons'&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Under the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article IV, Section 2), 'No person held to Service or Labour for one State' no go fit become free if dem run go another place. Article I, Section 9 dey allow Congress make laws wey go stop the 'Importation of Persons', but dem no go fit do am until 1808&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010——16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|p=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E be like for the Fifth Amendment wey talk say, 'No person shall... be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law'—dem see slaves as property&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Even though abolitionists dey use the Fifth Amendment fight slavery, na di same law help Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) fit treat slaves as property.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Slavery dey backed by law and white supremacy culture wey dey everywhere&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;. But between 1777 and 1804, every Northern state dey provide for quick or steady end of slavery. Southern states no do am, and di slave population for di South dey grow, reaching almost four million people as Civil War start, when most slave states wan separate from the US&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010-14-16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=14–16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln accept say Constitution before 1865 dey limit federal government power to stop slavery for peacetime and e commit matter to individual states&lt;ref name=&quot;Mackubin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Mackubin|first=Thomas Owens|date=March 25, 2004|title=The Liberator|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216125903/http://old.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|archive-date=February 16, 2012|work=National Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But during di Civil War, Lincoln drop di Emancipation Proclamation under him authority as 'Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy' as per Article II, section 2 of di US Constitution.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; So, for de Emancipation Proclamation, e talk say e get power to free people wey dem dey hold as slaves for de states wey dey fight back, as e go fit help to stop dat fight. For di first Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln point make we see two laws from 1862, like “An Act to Make an Additional Article of War” and di Confiscation Act of 1862, but for di final one, he no mention any law at all. Di reason wey him fit issue di first and final Proclamation na because him be President and Commander-in-Chief.&lt;ref&gt;Fabrikant, Robert, &quot;Emancipation and the Proclamation: Of Contrabands, Congress, and Lincoln&quot;. ''Howard Law Journal'', vol. 49, no. 2 (2006), p. 369.&lt;/ref&gt; So, Lincoln no get power over di four border states wey no dey fight—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware—so him no mention dem for di Proclamation. Di fifth border place, West Virginia, wey slavery still dey legal but dey try stop am, for January 1863, still be part of di “reorganized” Virginia wey dey under di Union, no be di Confederate Virginia wey dey Richmond.

== Coverage ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|thumb|Di areas wey Emancipation Proclamation cover dey red, di slave-holding areas wey no get cover dey blue.]]
Emancipation Proclamation dey work for ten states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but e no touch the almost 500,000 slaves for the border states (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware) or parts of Virginia and Louisiana wey don calm down. Dem slaves dey free later by state and federal decisions&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-01|title=150 years later, myths persist about the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/01/us/150-years-later-myths-persist-about-the-emancipation-proclamation/index.html|access-date=2022-07-22|website=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Areas wey e cover na Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties wey dey West Virginia, plus Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including Norfolk and Portsmouth cities). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Irwin |first1=Richard Bache |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010407240 |title=Promulgating the Emancipation Proclamation. |last2=Banks |first2=Nathaniel Prentiss |date=1863-01-29 |series=General orders; no. 12 |access-date=2023-07-26 |via=HathiTrust}} &lt;/ref&gt;

Tennessee don already mostly return to Union control, so dem no name am and e dey exempt. Virginia dey name, but dem talk say 48 counties wey dey form new West Virginia get special exemptions, plus seven counties and two cities wey dey Union-controlled Tidewater region for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Freedmen and Southern Society Project|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ|title=Freedom: a documentary history of emancipation 1861–1867 : selected from the holdings of the National Archives of the United States. The destruction of slavery|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1982|isbn=978-0-521-22979-1|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA69 69]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. New Orleans and 13 parishes for Louisiana wey dey mostly under federal control too dey exempt. This exemptions leave another 300,000 slaves wey never free&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=241–242}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Emancipation Proclamation don collect plenty wahala, especially from Richard Hofstadter wey talk say e get all the moral grandeur of a bill of lading and wey say e free all slaves... where e no fit reach.&lt;ref&gt;Hofstadter, Richard, &quot;Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth,&quot; in ''The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It'' (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1948). [[iarchive:americanpolitica00hofs|online]]. Vintage Books edition, March 1989, p. 169.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Similarly, Karl Marx said that the proclamation sounds like [https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1062&amp;context=cwfac &quot;ordinary summonses sent by one lawyer to another on the opposing side&quot;.] Quoted by Allen C. Guelzo. &quot;'Sublime in Its Magnitude': The Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in Holzer, Harold and Sara Vaughn Gabbard, eds., ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment''. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2007, pp. 65-78, quotation at p. 66.&lt;/ref&gt;  No be say I dey disagree with Hofstadter o, but William W. Freehling talk say when Lincoln use him power as Commander-in-Chief drop the proclamation, e no be like person wey dey collect bills but like warrior wey carry new weapon come show&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W., ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War''. Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 118.&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make plenty slaves for Confederate states free as Union armies dey waka enter South, and some slaves dey escape go Union side or slave owners dey run come off, leave slaves behind. E also mean say Union go end slavery and still protect the Union. Even though Emancipation Proclamation help free plenty slaves small by small, e no make slavery illegal. States like Maryland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=November 1, 1864|title=Archives of Maryland Historical List: Constitutional Convention, 1864|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220000817/http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|archive-date=February 20, 2012|access-date=November 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Missouri&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 11, 1865|title=Missouri abolishes slavery|url=http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132518/http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Tennessee&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and West Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey no dey follow the Emancipation Proclamation, don ban slavery before war finish. For 1863, President Lincoln propose plan wey go help rebuild Louisiana wey dem capture&lt;ref&gt;Stauffer (2008), ''Giants'', p. 279&lt;/ref&gt;. Only 10 percent of the voters go swear loyalty. Dem still gatz accept the Emancipation Proclamation and remove slavery from dem new constitution. By December 1864, Lincoln plan dey work no be only for Louisiana but also for Arkansas and Tennessee.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 1995 pp. 38–41&quot;&gt;Peterson (1995), ''Lincoln in American Memory'', pp. 38–41&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McCarthy 1901 p. 76&quot;&gt;McCarthy (1901), ''Lincoln's plan of Reconstruction'', p. 76&lt;/ref&gt;. For Kentucky, Union Army commanders use di offer of freedom from di proclamation to make slaves wey join Army fit free their whole family; because of dis and other reasons, slaves for di state reduce pass 70 percent during di war&lt;ref name=&quot;Harrison&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harrison |first=Lowell H. |year=1983 |title=Slavery in Kentucky: A Civil War Casualty |journal=The Kentucky Review |edition=Fall |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=38–40}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But for Delaware&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Slavery in Delaware|url=http://slavenorth.com/delaware.htm|website=slavenorth.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Kentucky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Lowell Hayes Harrison and James C. Klotter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdTIIEZ1k2QC&amp;q=kentucky+abolishes+slavery&amp;pg=PA174|title=A new history of Kentucky|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1997|isbn=0813126215|page=180}} In 1866, Kentucky refused to ratify the 13th Amendment. It did ratify it in 1976.&lt;/ref&gt;, slavery still dey legal until December 18, 1865, when di Thirteenth Amendment enter ground.

== Background ==

=== Military action prior to emancipation ===
Di Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 say make people return runaway slaves go their owners. For di war, for May 1861, Union general Benjamin Butler talk say three slaves wey run come meet Union soldiers be contraband of war, so e refuse to send dem back, e tell one man wey wan carry dem go back say, &quot;I no dey owe any constitution to foreign country wey Virginia dey claim say na dem.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT_20110411&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|date=April 1, 2011|title=How Slavery Really Ended in America|author=Adam Goodheart|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For May 30, after President Lincoln hold cabinet meeting, &quot;Simon Cameron, di secretary of war, send telegraph give Butler say him contraband policy 'na approved.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 99.&lt;/ref&gt;'&quot; Dis decision cause wahala because e fit mean say dem dey recognize Confederacy as separate, independent sovereign state for international law, somtin wey Lincoln no gree accept. Plus, as contraband, dem dey see these people as &quot;property&quot; when dem cross Union lines, so wetin go happen to dem no clear.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Living Contraband – Former Slaves in the Nation's Capital During the Civil War|url=https://home.nps.gov/cwdw/learn/historyculture/living-contraband-former-slaves-in-the-capital-during-and-after-the-civil-war.htm|access-date=June 29, 2013|work=Civil War Defenses of Washington|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Government sabi how to free people ===
&lt;imagemap&gt;
Image:Emancipation proclamation.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|''[[First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln]]'' by [[Francis Bicknell Carpenter]] (1864) {{Clickable|use cursor to identify.}}|alt=A dark-haired, bearded, middle-aged man holding documents is seated among seven other men.]]

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poly 569 893 535 708 427 613 357 562 377 456 393 404 468 351 451 317 473 259 520 256 544 283 530 339 526 374 559 401 594 431 639 494 715 542 692 551 693 579 672 546 623 552 596 617 698 629 680 852 [[Abraham Lincoln]]
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&lt;/imagemap&gt;
For December 1861, Lincoln send im first annual message to Congress (dem dey call am State of the Union Address, but back then dem dey write am). Inside, e praise free labor system wey dey respect human rights pass property rights; e support law to fit tackle the matter of contraband slaves and slaves wey dey loyal states, maybe by buying dem freedom with federal money; e also support federal money for voluntary colonization.&lt;ref&gt;[https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-3-1861-first-annual-message December 3, 1861: First Annual Message: Transcript]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147 147–148]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For January 1862, Thaddeus Stevens, wey be Republican leader for House, call for total war against the rebellion to include freeing slaves, talk say if dem free the slaves, e go spoil the rebel economy. On March 13, 1862, Congress approve Act wey no go allow military or naval people for United States return fugitive slaves to their owners.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/artwar.htm &quot;Law Enacting an Additional Article of War&quot; (the official name of the statute).]&lt;/ref&gt;. Following one law wey Lincoln sign, dem abolish slavery for District of Columbia on April 16, 1862, and dem compensate the owners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mann|first=Lina|title=The Complexities of Slavery in the Nation's Capital|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-complexities-of-slavery-in-the-nations-capital|access-date=2020-09-20|website=White House Historical|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

For June 9, 1862, Congress pass bill wey stop slavery for all current and future United States territories (but not for the states), and on June 19, President Lincoln sign am into law. This act clear say the 1857 opinion of Supreme Court wey sey Congress no fit regulate slavery for U.S. territories no be correct. E also reject the idea of popular sovereignty wey Stephen A. Douglas talk for slavery wahala, while e continue the work wey Thomas Jefferson first propose for 1784 to limit slavery inside the existing states..&lt;ref&gt;Montgomery, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A24AAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA428 The Student's American History]'', p. 428 (Ginn &amp; Co. 1897).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Keifer, Joseph. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GBq0gjrfxRgC&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA109 Slavery and Four Years of War]'', p. 109 (Echo Library 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

For August 6, 1861, First Confiscation Act free di slaves wey dey work against di Government and lawful authority of di United States&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/conact1.htm First Confiscation Act]&lt;/ref&gt;. Then on July 17, 1862, Second Confiscation Act come free di slaves wey dey any place wey rebel forces dey and later United States forces go enter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Second Act no be like di First one, e clear say all di slaves wey dey under am go free for life, because section 10 talk say all di slaves wey belong to people wey go dey rebel against di government go free if dem run come inside di army lines; plus any slave wey dem catch or wey desert dem go dey free from di government control; and all di slaves of people wey dey for any place wey rebel forces dey go also be war captives, no go fit be slaves again&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But Lincoln still believe say, even though Congress no fit free di slaves for di rebel states, as commander in chief, e fit do am if e feel say na good military move.&lt;ref&gt;Donald, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fuTY3mxs9awC&amp;q=Second+Confiscation+Act Lincoln]'', p. 365 (Simon and Schuster, 1996)&lt;/ref&gt;. As of summer 1862, Lincoln don draft di early Emancipation Proclamation wey him go drop for September 22, 1862, wey go talk say for January 1, 1863, e go free di slaves for states wey still dey rebel.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== How people dey feel 'bout freedom matter ===
[[File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|thumb|Peter photo wey dem snap for Baton Rouge spring 1863; e dey fly everywhere by abolitionists to show wetin slavery fit do.]]
Abolitionists don dey push Lincoln make he free all slaves for long. For the summer wey be 1862, Republican editor Horace Greeley from New-York Tribune, wey get strong influence, write one big editorial wey call “The Prayer of Twenty Millions” wey dey shout for more action against the Confederacy and make dem free the slaves quick quick: “For this wide earth, Mr. President, no be one intelligent person wey dey support the Union cause wey no dey feel say if dem crush the rebellion today, e go wake again if dem leave slavery strong, and every hour wey dem dey respect slavery na hour wey dey add danger to the Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=second|pages=160–161}}&lt;/ref&gt;”

Lincoln reply for im letter to Horace Greeley on August 22, 1862: If some people go fit save the Union only if dem fit save slavery, I no dey agree with them. If some people no go fit save the Union unless dem destroy slavery, I still no dey agree. My main goal for this fight na to save the Union, no be to save or destroy slavery. If I fit save the Union without freeing any slave, I go do am, and if na by freeing all slaves I go save am, I go do am; and if na by freeing some and leaving others, I go still do that. Wetin I go do about slavery, and the colored people, na because I believe say e go help save the Union; and wetin I no do, I no do am because I no believe say e go help save the Union... I don talk my plan according to wetin I see as my duty; and I no mean say I go change my personal wish wey I don talk plenty times say I wish say all men everywhere fit free.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer talk say Lincoln letter be like: &quot;Greeley no sabi say Lincoln write am after e don draft di first Emancipation Proclamation wey e wan drop after di next Union military victory. So, dis letter, na true, be like say e wan position di coming announcement for saving di Union, no be to free slaves as humanitarian move. E be one of Lincoln most clever public relations move, even if e don create doubt about him sincerity as liberator.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Historian Richard Striner talk say &quot;for many years&quot; people dey misread Lincoln letter as &quot;Lincoln just wan save di Union&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; But according to Striner, for di whole of Lincoln career and how e dey talk about slavery, this be wrong. In fact, Lincoln dey try soft soft di strong Northern white supremacist wey no wan gree with him emancipation by linking am to di cause of di Union. Dis people go fight for di Union but no go want end slavery, so Lincoln find way for dem to do both at di same time.&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. So, e fit don choose di third option wey him mention to Greeley: &quot;free some and leave others&quot;; dat be, free slaves for di states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but leave di ones wey dey border states and Union-occupied areas.

But, as the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation talk make am clear, Lincoln talk say e go suggest to Congress make dem compensate states wey fit &quot;take, immediate or gradual end slavery&quot;. Plus, during the hundred days from September 22, 1862, when e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, to January 1, 1863, when e drop the Final Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln still dey show say him dey consider the first option wey e mention to Greeley — maintain the Union without freeing any slave — still possible. Historian William W. Freehling talk say, &quot;From mid-October to mid-November 1862, e send personal envoys go Louisiana, Tennessee, and Arkansas.&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W. (2001). ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War'', New York: Oxford University Press, p. 111.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, pp. 8-9.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;. Each of dem carry letter from Lincoln wey talk say if people for their state want &quot;avoid the wahala&quot; of the Final Emancipation Proclamation &quot;and get peace again like before&quot; (meaning, with slavery still dey), make dem gather &quot;the largest number wey possible&quot; to vote for &quot;elections for members to Congress of the United States ... wey friendly to their wahala&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;. Later, for him Annual Message to Congress on December 1, 1862, Lincoln propose amendment to U.S. Constitution say any state wey end slavery before January 1, 1900, go collect compensation from U.S. in form of interest-bearing U.S. bonds. If dem accept this amendment, for theory, e fit end the war without really ending slavery, because the amendment talk say, &quot;Any State wey don collect bonds ... and later bring back or allow slavery again, go pay back the United States the bonds wey dem collect, or the value of am, plus all interest wey dem pay on top&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, p. 530.]&lt;/ref&gt;

For him 2014 book wey dem call Lincoln's Gamble, journalist and historian Todd Brewster talk say, Lincoln wan make saving di Union be im only goal for di war, and dat one be key for im legal authority to free di slaves. Since Constitution dey protect slavery, di only way wey he fit free di slaves na as war tactic—no be di main mission&lt;ref name=&quot;Brewster&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Brewster|first=Todd|title=Lincoln's Gamble: The Tumultuous Six Months that Gave America the Emancipation Proclamation and Changed the Course of the Civil War|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew|publisher=Scribner|year=2014|isbn=978-1451693867|page=[https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew/page/59 59]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But e come get risk say, when di war finish, di reason wey he go use to free di slaves go finish too. For late 1862, Lincoln ask im Attorney General, Edward Bates, wetin e go fit do if slaves wey dem free under war proclamation go fit be taken back once di war end. Bates gats wade through di language of Dred Scott decision before e fit give answer, but e finally conclude say dem fit still remain free. Still, for full end of slavery, dem go need constitutional amendment. Dem dey give Lincoln different advice on whether to free di slaves, both for public and private. Thomas Nast be cartoon artist wey dey work during Civil War and late 1800s, dem dey call am &quot;Father of the American Cartoon&quot;. E draw plenty things, including one artwork wey show how people wey dey suffer for slavery move enter civilization when President Lincoln sign the Proclamation. Nast believ say everybody suppose get equal chance, even the enslaved Africans and free blacks. For Chicago on September 7, 1862, plenty people gather for rally wey demand make dem free all slaves sharp sharp. One group wey William W. Patton dey lead go meet the president for White House on September 13. Lincoln talk for peacetime say e no get power wey constitution gree make am free slaves. Even as war power, emancipation no be small risk wey fit cause wahala. Public opinion no too dey support am.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA18 18]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Copperhead Democrats no go gree, and border states no sure how dem go react. Delaware and Maryland dey high for free blacks percentage: 91.2% and 49.7% for 1860.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Kolchin|first=Peter|title=American Slavery: 1619–1877|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542|date=1994|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-1554-2|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542/page/82 82]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Drafting and issuance of the proclamation ==
[[File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Eastman_Johnson|Eastman Johnson]] (American, 1824–1906) – ''[[:en:A_Ride_for_Liberty_–_The_Fugitive_Slaves|A Ride for Liberty – The Fugitive Slaves]]'', {{Circa|1862}}]]
Lincoln first yan the proclamation with him cabinet for July 1862. E draft him first proclamation and read am to Secretary of State William Seward and Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles on July 13. Seward and Welles no fit even talk, but Seward talk say e dey fear say if dem no careful, wahala go fall everywhere for South, and foreign people fit come join. Welles no talk anything. On July 22, Lincoln show am to him whole cabinet as wetin e don decide to do and him ask dem how dem go fit word am&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|year=2002|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/almintr.html|access-date=June 28, 2013|work=Lincoln Papers|publisher=Library of Congress and Knox College}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton back am, but Seward advice say make Lincoln wait make Union fit win major battle before e go drop the proclamation, else e go look like say Union dey shout retreat. But Walter Stahr write say, 'Some sources talk say dem other people dey involved for the delay decision,' and e quote dem&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Doris Kearns |title=Team of Rivals |publisher=Blithedale Productions |year=2005 |location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

For September 1862, the Battle of Antietam give Lincoln the victory wey e need to drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. For the battle, Union lose plenty soldiers pass Confederates and General McClellan allow Robert E. Lee troops to run, but Union forces still push back Confederate invasion for Maryland, chop down more than quarter of Lee army. This one be turning point for the Civil War.&lt;ref&gt;Stahr, Walter, ''Stanton: Lincoln's War Secretary'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2017, p. 226.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|left|thumb|1864 reproduction of the Emancipation Proclamation from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division]]For September 22, 1862, five days after Antietam, as Lincoln dey chill for Soldier's Home, e call im cabinet come meet and drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Preliminary Emacipation Proclamation, 1862|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/preliminary_emancipation_proclamation.html#|website=www.archives.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, Lincoln tell dem say, &quot;I don make one serious promise before God, say if General Lee fit run come from Pennsylvania, I go finish am with the freedom declaration for slaves&lt;ref&gt;McPherson, James M. ''Battle Cry of Freedom'', (1988), p. 557.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Carpenter |first=Frank B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTsl3N7hDpAC&amp;q=six+months+at+the+white+house+carpenter |title=Six Months at the White House |publisher=Applewood Books |year=1866 |isbn=978-1-4290-1527-1 |page=90 |access-date=February 20, 2010}} as reported by Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon Portland Chase, September 22, 1862. Others present used the word ''resolution'' instead of ''vow to God''. Gideon Welles, ''Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy Under Lincoln and Johnson'' (Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1911), 1:143, reported that Lincoln made a covenant with God that if God would change the tide of the war, Lincoln would change his policy toward slavery. See also Nicolas Parrillo, &quot;Lincoln's Calvinist Transformation: Emancipation and War&quot;, ''Civil War History'' (September 1, 2000).&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; Lincoln show im first draft to Vice President Hannibal Hamlin,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=Bangor in Focus: Hannibal Hamlin|url=http://bangorinfo.com/Focus/focus_hannibal_hamlin.html|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=Bangorinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;, wey be serious abolitionist, but dem dey keep am for dark about presidential matter. So, Lincoln drop the final proclamation wey e promise for January 1, 1863. Even though Congress give am authority, Lincoln use im power as Commander-in-Chief of Army and Navy to drop the proclamation as war measure. So, e no be like law wey Congress enact, because Lincoln fit just cancel am if e like. One week after e drop the final Proclamation, Lincoln write to Major General John McClernand: &quot;After dem start fight, I dey try for almost one and half year to manage without touch the 'institution'; but when I finally decide to touch am, I give hundred days notice so all States and people fit turn back as good citizens. Dem choose to ignore am, and I make the proclamation based on wetin I see as military need. Once I don make am, e go stand.” Lincoln still talk say the states wey dey for the proclamation fit “adopt plans for apprenticeship for di colored people, wey go follow wetin dey approved for gradual emancipation; and... dem fit dey almost as okay as if this wahala no happen. E end by beg McClernand say make e no carry this letter go public..”.&lt;ref&gt;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln6/1:84.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext;q1=broken+eggs &quot;The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln]&quot; edited by Roy P. Basler, Volume 6, pp. 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|thumb|One printed paper dey call for men wey get color make dem join U.S. military after dem free slaves in 1863 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).]]
Initially, di Emancipation Proclamation free only small number of slaves, wey be di one wey dey behind Union line for area wey no dey exempted. Plenty slaves still dey behind Confederate line or for exempted Union area. Secretary of State William H. Seward talk say, &quot;We dey show our sympathy with slavery by freeing slaves where we no fit reach dem and keeping dem in bondage where we fit set dem free.&quot; If any slave state fit stop dem secession before January 1, 1863, dem fit keep slavery, at least for small time. Di Proclamation free di slaves only for di South area wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. But as di Union army dey move for di South, slaves dey run go behind dem line, and &quot;shortly after dem issue di Emancipation Proclamation, di Lincoln administration lift di ban on to entice slaves go Union line.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 367.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Dis whole matter help for di destruction of slavery. Di Emancipation Proclamation still allow freed slaves join di United States military. During di war, nearly 200,000 black men, most of dem be ex-slaves, join di Union Army&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Teaching With Documents: The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dem contribution be very important for winning di war. Di Confederacy no allow slaves join dem army as soldier until di last month before dem defeat&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=March 23, 1865|title=Confederate Law Authorizing the Enlistment of Black Soldiers, as Promulgated in a Military Order|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312213532/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|archive-date=March 12, 2012|access-date=April 13, 2012|work=CSA General Orders, No. 14|publisher=Department of History, University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Even though di counties of Virginia wey soon go form West Virginia no dey included for di Proclamation (Jefferson County be di only exception), one condition for di state to join di Union be say dem constitution go provide for gradual abolition of slavery (dem still adopt immediate emancipation for all slaves early 1865). Slaves for di border states of Maryland and Missouri still dey free by separate state action before di Civil War finish. For Maryland, new state constitution wey abolish slavery go take effect on November 1, 1864. Di Union wey dey control eastern Virginia counties plus Louisiana parishes, wey dem no allow under di Proclamation, dem come put state constitution wey make slavery no dey inside April 1864.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitutional Convention, Virginia (1864)|url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Virginia_Convention_of_1864|access-date=October 11, 2016|website=encyclopediavirginia.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/april-1864-civil-war.htm|title=American Civil War April 1864 – History Learning Site|newspaper=History Learning Site|access-date=October 11, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For early 1865, Tennessee come take amend dem constitution wey go stop slavery..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=December 8, 2009|title=Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|archive-date=October 11, 2007|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=TSLA: This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee|url=http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/timelines/timeline_1861-1865.htm|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=State.tn.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Implementation ==
[[File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|right|thumb|The moment the proclamation was signed, portrayed by [[:en:Lee_Lawrie|Lee Lawrie]] in [[:en:Lincoln,_Nebraska|Lincoln, Nebraska]]]]
Di Proclamation come out first in one early version and den final version. Di first one, wey dem issue for September 22, 1862, na early announcement wey show wetin di final one go talk later, wey take effect 100 days after for January 1, 1863, during di second year of di Civil War. Di early Emancipation Proclamation na Abraham Lincoln declaration say all di slaves go free forever for all di areas of di Confederacy wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. Di final Emancipation Proclamation name di ten states wey dey affected (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina). States like Maryland, Delaware, Missouri and Kentucky wey dey for di Union no dey included. Tennessee too no dey named, as Union military government don already set up for Nashville wey na di capital. Dem state specific exemptions for areas wey still dey under Union control on January 1, 1863, like 48 counties wey go soon turn West Virginia, seven other counties for Virginia wey include Berkeley and Hampshire wey go join West Virginia, New Orleans and 13 parishes wey dey around.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2015-10-06|title=Transcript of the Proclamation|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html|access-date=2020-09-20|website=National Archives|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Areas wey Union control for di Confederate states where di proclamation start run sharp sharp by local commanders include Winchester for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;Richard Duncan, Beleaguered Winchester: A Virginia Community at War (Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2007), pp. 139–40&lt;/ref&gt;, Corinth for Mississippi,&lt;ref&gt;Ira Berlin et al., eds., Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861–1867, Vol. 1: The Destruction of Slavery (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 260&lt;/ref&gt;, di Sea Islands along di coasts of di Carolinas and Georgia&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;, Key West for Florida&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Important From Key West&quot;, ''The New York Times'' February 4, 1863, p. 1&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal for South Carolina..&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Immediate impact ===
[[File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|left|thumb|Photo of two pikin wey dem fit don free – around 1870]]
[[File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|thumb|'Scene Wey Dey Happen for Road' from Philadelphia Inquirer reporter (maybe U.H. Painter[1]) wey dey follow Army of Potomac, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864]]
Dis one wey dem dey call &quot;Scene Along the Route&quot; from person wey dey report for Philadelphia Inquirer (maybe na U.H. Painter) wey dey with Potomac Army, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864. On New Year’s Eve for 1862, plenty African Americans – both wey dem don commot and wey still dey suffer – gather for USA to do Watch Night for &quot;Freedom's Eve&quot;, dey wait for midnight wey go bring change&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-19|title=The Historical Legacy of Juneteenth|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/historical-legacy-juneteenth|access-date=2022-06-13|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Some people dey talk say Emancipation Proclamation no free anybody&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=James M. Paradis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pd3HsBXCq94C&amp;pg=PA90|title=African Americans and the Gettysburg Campaign|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2012|isbn=9780810883369|page=90}}&lt;/ref&gt;; historian Lerone Bennett Jr. dey claim say na janja wey dem prepare no be to free anybody.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Kenneth L. Deutsch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-YAbM7YYCIC&amp;pg=PT35|title=Lincoln's American Dream: Clashing Political Perspectives|author2=Joseph Fornieri|publisher=Potomac Books|year=2005|isbn=9781597973908|page=35}}&lt;/ref&gt; But because of dis Proclamation, many slaves don use this war collect their freedom, as e start on the day e take effect; wey people for places like Hilton Head Island, South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;&quot;News from South Carolina: Negro Jubilee at Hilton Head&quot;, ''New York Herald'', January 7, 1863, p. 5&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal, South Carolina&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 22&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; dey celebrate on January 1 as dem hear say dem don get legal freedom. People dey guess the total wey dem free as the Emancipation Proclamation start; one report say 'contraband' for Union-occupied North Carolina na 10,000, and Sea Islands for South Carolina dey plenty too&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=qUTrAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Those+20,000+slaves+were+freed+immediately+by+the+Emancipation+Proclamation.&amp;pg=PA109 Epps, Henry, ''A Concise Chronicle History of African-American People Experience in America'', SCL, 2012, p. 109]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Zone wey Union dey control wey freedom start include eastern North Carolina, Mississippi Valley, northern Alabama, Shenandoah Valley for Virginia, plenty Arkansas, and Sea Islands for Georgia and South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;Harris, &quot;After the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, p. 45&lt;/ref&gt;. Even though some counties for Union-occupied Virginia no follow the Proclamation, lower Shenandoah Valley and Alexandria area dey included.&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP2&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt; Emancipation don start to take effect as Union soldiers dey enter Confederacy. Slaves dey run from their masters and Union soldiers dey help dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Allen C. Guelzo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PT107|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|year=2006|isbn=9781416547952|pages=107–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another side, Robert Gould Shaw write am to him mama on September 25, 1862, &quot;So the 'Proclamation of Emancipation' don finally show face, or better say, e for come first. I dey sure say una dey jolly for am. But me, I no fit see wetin e go do now. Anywhere our army don reach, no slaves dey anymore, and the Proclamation no go free dem where we no fit go.&quot; Ten days later, him write am again, &quot;No think say from wetin I talk before, I dey believe say Mr. Lincoln's 'Emancipation Proclamation' no correct ... but as war measure, I no see d matter wey e go reason now, ... as the slaves no fit free for any way, with Emancipation Act or without.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

Booker T. Washington, as small boy of 9 for Virginia, remember the day for early 1865:&lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

* As the big day dey come closer, plenty song dey burst for the slave quarters pass usual. E dey louder, more sweet, and e dey last well into night. Most of the plantation songs get some freedom vibe.... [S]ome man wey be stranger (a United States officer, I gbadun) make small speech and then read long paper—the Emancipation Proclamation, I think. After di reading, dem tell us say we don free, and fit waka when and where we want. My mama, wey dey by my side, lean down come kiss her pikin dem, while joy tears dey run for her cheeks. She explain wetin everything mean, say this na the day wey she don dey pray for long, but fear say she no go fit see am.[[File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|left|thumb|Winslow Homer 1876 – &quot;A Visit from the Old Mistress&quot; show tension between group of newly freed slaves and their former master – Smithsonian Museum of American Art.]]Runaway slaves wey don escape go Union lines before dey dey hold dem as 'contraband of war' under Confiscation Acts. The Sea Islands wey dey off Georgia coast don already fall to Union Navy for early war. The white people don run go mainland but the black ones dey sit down. Dem start early Reconstruction program for di former slaves, wey get schools and training. Naval officers come read di proclamation for dem, tell dem say dem don free.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman2&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;  Slaves dey part of di 'engine of war' for di Confederacy. Dem dey produce and prepare food; sew uniform; fix railway; work for farms and factories, shipping yards, and mines; build fortifications; and serve as hospital workers and common laborers. News of di Proclamation fly quick through mouth, spark hope for freedom, create confusion, and push plenty people to escape go Union lines..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Goodheart|first=Adam|title=1861: The Civil War Awakening|url=https://archive.org/details/1861civilwarawak0000good|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|year=2011|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; George Washington Albright, one teenage slave for Mississippi, remember say like many of him fellow slaves, him papa don escape join Union forces. According to Albright, plantation owners dey try keep di Proclamation news from slaves, but dem sabi am through grapevine. Di young slave come be 'runner' for one informal group dem dey call 4Ls ('Lincoln's Legal Loyal League'), wey dey carry news of di proclamation go secret slave meetings for plantations all over di region..&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins, Sally, and Stauffer, John. ''The State of Jones''. New York: Anchor Books, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7679-2946-2}}, p. 42.&lt;/ref&gt;  Confederate general Robert E. Lee see di Emancipation Proclamation as way for di Union to increase di number of soldiers dem fit put for di field, making am urgent for di Confederacy to increase dem own numbers too.
After dem sack Fredericksburg, Lee write say, &quot;Di way di enemy dey gather plenty troops and di brutal wahala wey dem don declare, e no go fit give us any choice but to win or suffer pass death. If we wan save di honor of our families from disgrace and our way of life from destruction, make we put all our effort, use all means wey dey available, to fill and keep our army strong, until God go bless us with our independence.&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://cwmemory.com/2011/11/18/robert-e-lee-on-robert-h-milroy-or-emancipation/ &quot;Robert E. Lee on Robert H. Milroy or Emancipation,&quot; ''civil war memory: The Online Home of Kevin M. Levin'', November 18, 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Shelby Foote|title=The Civil War: A Narrative: Fredericksburg to Meridian|publisher=Random House|year=1963|volume=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation be big turn for di war, as e make di North no just wan keep di Union, but also free di slaves.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 10, 2022|title=Emancipation Proclamation (1863)|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/emancipation-proclamation|access-date=13 February 2024|website=National Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Di Proclamation also gather support from abolitionists and Europeans, wey dey push enslaved people to escape go North. Dis one weaken di labor for di South and strong di North ranks..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Immediate Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|access-date=13 February 2024|website=Historical Society of Pennsylvania|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213010125/https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|archive-date=13 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Racism dey dey everywhere, both sides for the wahala, and plenty people for North just support the war to force South make dem stay for Union. The Republican politicians wey promise say the war be for Union restoration, no be about black rights or end slavery, dem opponents talk say na big lies, because of the Proclamation. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen yarn for crowd, &quot;Now my fellow Democrats, I go ask you if you go let dem push you enter wahala against your brothers for the Southern States because of the Negro. My answer be No!&quot; The Copperheads see the Proclamation as clear proof for their matter and the start of their political rise; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say the truth don clear even for &quot;those wey no get sense wey still dey think say the President be conservative and the war be for Union restoration under the Constitution&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Political impact ===
[[File:TRUMP.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TRUMP.JPG|thumb|Abe Lincoln Last Card; Or, Rouge-et-Noir (Red and Black), na cartoon wey John Tenniel draw make e appear for Punch after London Times talk say Lincoln don play him 'last card' when e drop the Proclamation for October 1862. Lincoln hair be sharp, e dey look like horns. Dem dey print dis cartoon well well for Copperhead press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=October 18, 1862|title=Abe Lincoln's Last Card|url=http://www.historygallery.com/prints/PunchLincoln/1862lastcard/1862lastcard.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Mitgang|first=Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQQXbIE--ggC&amp;q=London%20Times%20freeing%20the%20slaves%20Lincoln's%20%22desperate%20last-trump%20card%22&amp;pg=PA236-IA10|title=Abraham Lincoln, a Press Portrait: His Life and Times from the Original Newspaper Documents of the Union, the Confederacy, and Europe|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8232-2062-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]Di Proclamation dem denounce am sharp sharp, Copperhead Democrats wey no gree war and wan make dem bring back di union by allowing slavery. Horatio Seymour wey dey run for New York governor, him talk say di Emancipation Proclamation be call for slaves to dey commit wahala for all di white southerners, him yarn say na &quot;proposal for di butchery of women and children, for scenes of lust and rapine, and of arson and murder, wey go call for civilized Europe to intervene&quot;. Di Copperheads too see di Proclamation as mistake wey dey misuse presidential power. Editor Henry A. Reeves write for Greenport's Republican Watchman say &quot;For di name of freedom for Negroes, [di proclamation] dey put white men liberty for wahala; to test one utopian theory of equality wey Nature, History and Experience dey gree as monster, e dey scatter di Constitution and Civil Laws and set Military Usurpation on top&quot;. 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;Racism dey everywhere for both sides, and plenty people for di North support di war just to force di South to stay for di Union. Di promises of plenty Republican politicians wey talk say di war na to restore di Union and no be about black rights or ending slavery dem mark am as lies by dia opponents, wey use di Proclamation talk am. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen tell crowd, &quot;Now fellow Democrats I go ask you if you wan force yourself enter war against your Britheren of di Southern States for di Negro. I answer No!&quot; Di Copperheads sabi so di Proclamation be proof wey no fit argue for dia side and di start of political rise for dem members; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say di truth don show even to &quot;those stupid thickheaded persons wey dey think say di President na conservative man and di war na for di restoration of di Union under di Constitution.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1862 elections, Democrats chop 28 seats for House plus dem take governorship for New York. Lincoln padi, Orville Hickman Browning, tell am say the Proclamation and suspension of habeas corpus be like disaster for him party, e give Democrats plenty weapons. Lincoln no talk anything back. Copperhead William Jarvis from Connecticut talk say di election be di 'beginning of di end of Abolitionism wahala'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Historians like James M. McPherson and Allan Nevins dey talk say even though di results fit look bad, Lincoln fit still see am as good; his enemies do well only for di areas wey dem sabi best and 'for di national level, wetin dem gain for House na di smallest wey any minority party don get for off-year election wey don pass near a generation. Michigan, California, and Iowa all go Republican... Plus, di Republicans collect five seats for Senate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;' McPherson talk say, 'If di election be referendum on emancipation and how Lincoln dey handle di war, plenty Northern voters support these policies.'&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Confederate response ===
[[File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|thumb|&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)]]
&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)

Di first Confedrate response na anger. Dem see di Proclamation as confirmation of di rebellion and proof say Lincoln for don finish slavery even if di states no come back join di Union. Dis one make di fear of slaves revolting increase and scatter morale, especially di slave owners wey see am as threat to dia business. For one letter wey U.S. Army general Ulysses S. Grant write to President Lincoln for August 1863, e talk say di proclamation wey dey &quot;arm di negro&quot;, plus di &quot;emancipation of di negro, na di heaviest blow dem don give di Confederacy so far.&quot;  Di South dey craze plenty for am and dem dey vex well well&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Grant |first=Ulysses |date=August 23, 1863 |title=Letter to Abraham Lincoln |url=http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503212700/http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |access-date=May 3, 2014 |quote=I have given the subject of arming the Negro my hearty support. This, with the emancipation of the Negro, is the heaviest blow yet given the Confederacy. The South rave a greatdeel about it and profess to be very angry. |location=Cairo, Illinois}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For May 1863, small months after di Proclamation start, di Confederacy pass law wey dem dey demand 'full and ample retaliation' against di U.S. for di matter. Dem talk say black U.S. soldiers wey dem catch while dem dey fight di Confederacy go face court as slave rebels—dis one go fit land dem for serious wahala wey fit end for death. Less than one year after di law pass, di Confederates kill plenty black U.S. soldiers for Fort Pillow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tap|first=Bruce|title=The Fort Pillow Massacre: North, South, and the Status of African Americans in the Civil War Era|date=2013|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

President Jefferson Davis react to di Emancipation Proclamation with fire and for im speech to di Confederate Congress on January 12, im threaten say any U.S. military officer wey dem catch for Confederate ground go face state authority to charge dem for 'exciting servile insurrection', wey be serious matter..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=January 12, 1863: Jefferson Davis responds to the Emancipation Proclamation &amp;#124; the Daily Dose|url=http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113000330/http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|archive-date=January 13, 2023|access-date=January 13, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

General Robert E. Lee call di Proclamation 'savage and brutal policy wey dem don proclaim, wey no go give us any choice but success or disgrace wey fit worse pass death.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095239/https://leefamilyarchive.org/family-papers/letters/letters-1863/9-family-papers/1180-robert-e-lee-to-james-a-seddon-1863-january-10 Lee Family Digital Archive]&lt;/ref&gt;

But some Confederates welcome di Proclamation, cos dem believe say e go make pro-slavery feeling strong for di Confederacy and fit make more white men join di army. One Confederate cavalry sergeant from Kentucky talk say, 'Di Proclamation worth three hundred thousand soldiers to our Government at least... E show wetin dis war come for and di plans of di wicked people wey bring am&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/107 107] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;.' Even some Union soldiers gree with dis talk and dey fear di Proclamation no be on principle, but dem dey worry say e go make di Confederacy fight harder and hold onto slavery. One Union soldier from New York talk say after di Proclamation come out, I sabi well well how di southern people go fight for dem slavery matter, even if e mean say dem go face wahala wey fit finish dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As e be say the Proclamation land, price for slaves for the Confederacy dey rise after dem issue am, one Confederate guy from South Carolina talk for 1865 say, &quot;now be time make Uncle buy some negro women and pikin....&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== International impact ===
The way wey Lincoln wan am, the proclamation change wetin people for foreign land dey think, dem dey support the Union as dem get backing from countries wey no dey like slavery and those wey don already stop am (especially for developed places like UK and France). This change scatter the Confederacy hopes of getting any official recognition&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Robert E. May|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC|title=The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic rim|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-1-55753-061-5|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC&amp;pg=PA29 29–68]|chapter=History and Mythology: The Crisis over British Intervention in the Civil War}}&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make clear say to stop slavery be serious Union goal, e connect support for the South to support for slavery. People for Britain no go fit support slavery. As Henry Adams talk, &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation don do more for us than all our old victories and all our diplomacy.&quot; For Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi call Lincoln &quot;the heir of the aspirations of John Brown&quot;. On August 6, 1863, Garibaldi write to Lincoln say: &quot;Posterity go call you the great emancipator, better title than any crown fit be, and bigger than any earthly treasure&lt;ref&gt;Mack Smith, p. 72&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; 

Mayor Abel Haywood, wey represent workers from Manchester, England, write to Lincoln talk say, &quot;We dey honor you for all the correct steps wey you dey take to show say you believe in wetin your great founders talk: 'All men be free and equa&lt;ref&gt;Quoted in {{cite book|author=James Lander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QaTnoZ_uYlUC&amp;pg=PA221|title=Lincoln and Darwin: Shared Visions of Race, Science, and Religion|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780809329908|page=221}}&lt;/ref&gt;l.'&quot; The Emancipation Proclamation help cool tension with Europe about the North's war matter, plus the recent Southern attack wey fail for Antietam, come make e clear say no chance for Confederacy to get foreign military help for the war.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Kevin Phillips |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tsir90xfo4C&amp;pg=PA493 |title=The Cousins' Wars: Religion, Politics, Civil Warfare, And The Triumph Of Anglo-America |publisher=Basic Books |year=2000 |isbn=9780465013708 |page=493}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

But still, even with the Emancipation Proclamation, arms sales to the Confederacy through blockade running, from British companies and dealers, still dey happen, with the British government sabi am.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Edward Hawkins Sisson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BL2AwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=blockade+running+Britain+1863+Emancipation+Proclamation&amp;pg=PA1169|title=America the Great|date=June 22, 2014|publisher=Edward Sisson|page=1169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Confederacy fit hold the war for two more years mostly because British blockade runners dey supply dem weapons. As dem dey run, e cause 400,000 more soldiers and civilians for both sides to die..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/historians-reveal-secrets-of-uk-gunrunning-which-lengthened-the-american-civil-war-by-two-years-9557937.html|title=Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years|author=David Keys|date=24 June 2014|work=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Paul Hendren |date=April 1933 |title=The Confederate Blockade Runners |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1933/april/confederate-blockade-runners |publisher=United States Naval Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter G. Tsouras |date=March 11, 2011 |title=American Civil War viewpoints: It was British arms that sustained the Confederacy |url=https://www.military-history.org/blog/it-was-british-arms-that-sustained-the-confederacy-during-the-american-civil-war-peter-tsouras.htm |publisher=Military History Matters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NJGT&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |author=Beau Cleland |title=Between King Cotton and Queen Victoria: Confederate Informal Diplomacy and Privatized Violence in British America During the American Civil War |publisher=University of Calgary |url=https://prism.ucalgary.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/fce3cc3a-b506-4cf1-a42b-4f939db75ac5/content#page=14 |page=2 |quote=British resources were, in fact, essential to the rebellion’s survival. In the face of a blockade that after 1861 made direct imports nearly impossible, the overwhelming majority of the arms and supplies that the Confederacy received from abroad passed through British colonies en route from Europe, usually on British-flagged ships, consigned to British merchants, and paid for with cotton that followed the same path out of Southern ports. Without the advantage provided by British (and to a far lesser extent, Spanish) colonies, the Confederacy had no prayer of military victory. The colonies were unsinkable, unassailable refuges in an enemy-controlled sea.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gettysburg Address ==
Lincoln talk the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, wey e show small small about the Proclamation and how e wan end slavery as war goal with di phrase &quot;new birth of freedom&quot;. Di Proclamation really help Lincoln for gain support from di fast growing abolitionist people for di Republican Party and make sure say dem no go block am for 1864 renomination.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union: vol. 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863) ==
For December 1863, Lincoln drop di Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, wey talk how di rebel states fit repair dem relationship with di Union. Di main points be say di states go accept di Emancipation Proclamation and grant freedom to dem slaves, and accept di Confiscation Acts, plus di Act wey dey ban slavery for United States territories.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Richter|first=William L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fa2_G9yaX38C&amp;q=proclamation%2520of%2520amnesty%2520and%2520reconstruction&amp;pg=PA479|title=The A to Z of the Civil War and Reconstruction|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=9780810863361|pages=479–480|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|thumb|Dis Ambrotype be picture of African American woman wey hold flag, dem talk say she be washerwoman for Union soldiers wey dey stay outside Richmond, Virginia (Smithsonian 2005.0002.01)]]
As war dem dey finish, abolitionists dey fear say di Emancipation Proclamation go just be war tactics, wetin Lincoln wan make happen, and e no go fit hold once dem stop fight. Dem dey vex say dem wan secure freedom for all di slaves, no be only di ones wey Emancipation Proclamation go free. So, Lincoln put plenty for im 1864 presidential campaign for di constitutional amendment wey go ban slavery for di whole U.S. Lincoln campaign get boost from votes for Maryland and Missouri wey wan end slavery for dia states. Maryland new constitution wey ban slavery start work on November 1, 1864&lt;ref&gt;White, Jonathan W., &quot;Achieving Emancipation in Maryland,&quot; in ''The Civil War in Maryland Reconsidered'', edited by Charles W. Mitchell and Jean H. Baker, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2021, p. 249.&lt;/ref&gt;. Slavery for Missouri end on January 11, 1865, when dem gather for state convention approve di law wey go end slavery by 60-4 vote,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Missouri|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010471356|title=Journal of the Missouri state convention, held at the city of St. Louis January 6-April 10, 1865|date=1865|publisher=Missouri Democrat|location=St. Louis|pages=25–26|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and that same day Governor Thomas C. Fletcher drop im own 'Proclamation of Freedom.'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fletcher|first1=Thomas C.|url=https://archive.org/details/missourisjubilee00flet|title=Missouri's Jubilee|date=1865|publisher=W. A. Curry, Public Printer|location=Jefferson City, MO|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As Lincoln win re-election, im push di lame duck 38th Congress make dem pass di proposed amendment sharp-sharp instead of waiting for di new 39th Congress. For January 1865, Congress send di Thirteenth Amendment wey go ban slavery for all U.S. states and areas, except as punishment for crime, go di state legislatures for dem to ratify. Di amendment get enough states wey ratify am by December 6, 1865, and dem announce am 12 days later. Dem say around 40,000 slaves dey for Kentucky and 1,000 for Delaware wey dem free then.&lt;ref name=&quot;1860Census&quot;&gt;{{cite web|year=1860|title=Census, Son of the South|url=http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|publisher=sonofthesouth.net|access-date=2025-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821141608/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|archive-date=2008-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Critiques ==
More gist: Abraham Lincoln and slavery

Dem say Lincoln’s proclamation be one of di most radical freedom moves wey don happen for di modern world&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|last=Hahn|first=Steven|date=2011-01-13|title=Discovering Equality|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/81377/lincoln-slavery-fiery-trial-review|magazine=The New Republic|issn=0028-6583}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But as time dey go, America still dey do black people anyhow, so people begin dey doubt Lincoln and di Emancipation Proclamation. One person wey attack am be Lerone Bennett for him book Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream (2000), wey talk say Lincoln be white supremacist wey just issue di Proclamation instead of real changes wey di radical abolitionists dey fight for. But one review talk say &quot;Few Civil War scholars dey take Bennett and DiLorenzo serious, dem dey point out dia small political agenda and faulty research.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Dirck |first=Brian |date=September 2009 |title=''Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery'', and ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'', and ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/315139 |journal=Civil War History |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=382–385 |doi=10.1353/cwh.0.0090 |s2cid=143986160 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For him book Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Allen C. Guelzo observe say professional historians no too respect di document well, as e don collect small major scholarly studies. E talk say Lincoln be di U.S.'s &quot;last Enlightenment politician&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; and because of dat he get &quot;loyalty to 'reason, cold, calculating, unimpassioned reason'.... But di most important political virtue wey Enlightenment give Lincoln, and di Proclamation, na prudence&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Some other historians dey give Lincoln more props for wetin e do towards ending slavery and how e grow for political and moral status. Maybe more for happen if dem no kill am. As Eric Foner talk:&lt;ref&gt;Doris Kearns Goodwin, ''Team of Rivals'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln no be abolitionist or Radical Republican, Bennett dey remind us plenty times. E no like immediate abolition before war start, and he get some racist ideas wey people get for him time. But this guy dey believe say slavery no be correct, and during Civil War, e show say he fit grow for moral and political matter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Foner|first=Eric|date=April 9, 2000|title=''Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream'' by Lerone Bennett, Jr.|url=http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041027065400/http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|archive-date=2004-10-27|publisher=Los Angeles Times Book Review}} (book review)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Kal Ashraf talk say: 

Maybe if we no dey see am as Lincoln be lone fighter against collective freedom fighters, we go fit sabi say dem fit work together well. True talk: flawed and racist Lincoln still do something wey be heroic, no be say e do am alone, but e dey power by collective effort. To call am 'Great Emancipator' fit make we forget wetin him actions mean. How him be as person, no be anybody fit really sabi. So the version of Lincoln we dey hold, na the same version we dey create.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Kal |date=March 2013 |title='Editorial', American Studies in Britain |url=https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623212050/https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=2013-03-28 |series=(108: Spring 2013) |publisher=British Association for American Studies |issn=1465-9956 |p=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Legacy for civil rights era ==

=== Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ===
[[File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010]]
President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. talk plenty about Emancipation Proclamation during civil rights movement. E even get one address wey him do for New York City on September 12, 1962, wey him talk say the Proclamation dey beside the Declaration of Independence as one “imperishable” gift to civilization. E add say, 'All tyrants, past, present and future, no fit bury the truth wey dey inside these declarations....' Him dey lament say even though United States “they proudly talk the basic principles wey dey both documents,” e dey “sadly practice the opposite of these principles.” Him conclude say, “The only way we fit celebrate the Emancipation Proclamation be to make the freedom wey e declare real; to go back to di origin of our nation when we message of equality shine light for unfree world, and to reaffirm democracy by action wey bold and daring like the Emancipation Proclamation issuance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.|title=Dr. Martin Luther King on the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://home.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/mlk-ep.htm|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

” King's most popular talk wey concern Emancipation Proclamation na for speech wey him give from Lincoln Memorial steps at di 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (we dey call am di “I Have a Dream” speech). King start di speech with say “Five score years ago, one big American, inside whose shadow we dey stand, sign di Emancipation Proclamation. Dis important decree come like big beacon light of hope for plenty Negro slaves wey don dey suffer for injustice. E come like joyful daybreak to end di long night of dem captivity. But one hundred years later, we go face di tragic truth say di Negro still no dey free. One hundred years later, di life of di Negro still dey suffer from di chains of segregation and di manacles of discrimination.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.|date=August 28, 1963|title=I Have A Dream|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723170458/http://thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|archive-date=July 23, 2014|access-date=August 29, 2013|publisher=The King Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== De &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot; ===
Main article: Second Emancipation Proclamation

For di early 1960s, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and him guys call President John F. Kennedy make e sidestep di Southern segregationist wey dey cause wahala for di Congress. Dem wan make him issue executive order wey go end di segregation&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crmvet.org/info/emancip2.htm Draft of Second Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis paper wey dem get in mind na di &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot;. But Kennedy no follow through; e no issue di second Emancipation Proclamation and e dey avoid all di centennial celebration wey dey show say emancipation don happen. Historian David W. Blight talk say, even though di idea of executive order as second Emancipation Proclamation don almost vanish, di manifesto wey King and him boys create call for di executive order show say him sabi di American politics well and how moral leadership fit influence di American people through executive order. Although e no fit push for second Emancipation Proclamation from di White House, e still important say make dem try fight di structured forgetting of emancipation wey dey hidden for Civil War memory.&lt;ref&gt;Blight, David W. and Allison Scharfstein, &quot;King's Forgotten Manifesto&quot;. ''The New York Times'', May 16, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President John F. Kennedy ===
On June 11, 1963, President Kennedy talk for national television about civil rights. Kennedy wey some activists dey fit call timid remind di people say two black students don peacefully enter University of Alabama with help from di National Guard, even as Governor George Wallace dey oppose am. John Kennedy call am &quot;moral issue.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Invoking di centennial of di Emancipation Proclamation him talk, 

One hundred years now pass since President Lincoln free slaves, but their pikin dem, their grandsons, still no dey free. Dem still dey suffer from injustice. Dem still dey under social and economic wahala. And dis Na­tion, wey get all di dreams and big talk, go no fit dey fully free until all di people dey free. We dey shout freedom for everywhere, and we mean am, and we hold our freedom tight for home, but wetin we go tell di world, and more importantly, to ourselves say dis na land of di free except for Negroes; say we no get second-class citizens except Negroes; say we no get class or caste system, no ghettoes, no master race except with respect to Negroes? E don reach time for dis Nation to do wetin dem promise. Di wahala for Birmingham and everywhere don make di call for equality loud enough wey no city or State or law-making body fit ignore am. For di same speech, Kennedy talk say e go bring plenty civil rights bill come inside United States Congress, and e really do am one week later. Kennedy dey push for am make dem pass until dem kill am for November 22, 1963. Historian Peniel E. Joseph sabi say how Lyndon Johnson fit take dat bill, di Civil Rights Act of 1964, sign am into law for July 2, 1964, na because of di strong moral vibe wey dey for di June 11 speech, wey change di story of civil rights from one local matter to national gist wey dey promote racial equality and democratic fresh start.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President Lyndon B. Johnson ===
As civil rights movement dey hot for 1960s, Lyndon B. Johnson bring Emancipation Proclamation come front, say e be promise we never fully fulfill yet. As vice president, for Gettysburg on May 30, 1963 (Memorial Day), during 100 years anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation, Johnson connect am straight with civil rights wahala wey dey happen, him talk say &quot;One hundred years ago, dem free slave. One hundred years later, Negro still dey suffer because of him skin color.... For this time, na no be our races wey dey at stake—na our nation. Make all wey care for obodo step up, North and South, white and Negro, make dem show way through this hard time.... Until justice no dey see color, until education no dey check race, until opportunity no dey care about men skin color, emancipation go just dey be talk but no be reality. As long as we no fulfill the proclamation of emancipation, we go still dey fall short for freedom for all wey suppose be free.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 30, 1963|title=Remarks of Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson|url=http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329112921/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|archive-date=March 29, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As president, Johnson still bring the proclamation come again for speech wey e talk about Voting Rights Act for Congress on March 15, 1965. Na one week after violence don meet peaceful civil rights marchers during Selma to Montgomery march. Johnson talk say &quot;no be only Negroes, na all of us, wey need to better pass bigotry and injustice. And we go overcome. I be man wey roots dey deep for Southern soil, I sabi how race matter fit dey pain. I sabi how hard e fit be to change our society structure and attitude. But na century don pass—more than 100 years—since dem free Negro. And e no fully free tonight. E don pass 100 years since Abraham Lincoln—one big President from another party—sign Emancipation Proclamation. But emancipation na just talk, no be reality. E don pass century—more than 100 years—since dem promise equality, but the Negro still no get am. E don long since the day dem promise, and di promise still dey ground. Now na di time for justice don show, and I go tell you say I truly believe say no force fit stop am. E go shine for di eye of man and God say e gatz come, and when e show, dat day go bright each American life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Lyndon B. Johnson|date=March 15, 1965|title=We Shall Overcome|url=http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/johnson.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Insyd popular culture ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_1963_U.S._stamp.1.jpg|thumb|U.S. commemorative stamp, 1963&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Insyd de 1963 episode of ''The Andy Griffith Show'', &quot;Andy Discovers America&quot;, Andy dey biz Barney make he explain de Emancipation Proclamation to Opie wey dey struggle plus history at school.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Episode Guide|url=http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113044056/http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|archive-date=November 13, 2013|work=TV Land}}&lt;/ref&gt; Barney dey brag about ein history expertise, yet e be apparent he no fi answer Andy ein question. He finally cam turn frustrated wey he explain am say ebe a proclamation give certain people wey want emancipation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Barney Fife Explains The Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101174953/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58&amp;gl=US&amp;hl=en|archive-date=2013-01-01|work=Episode clip, The Andy Griffith Show|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, na de Emancipation Proclamation sanso be a main item of discussion insyd de movie ''Lincoln'' (2012) wey Steven Spielberg direct.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=A. O.|date=2012-11-08|title=A President Engaged in a Great Civil War|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-06-01|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation dey celebrate all over di world, even for stamp wey nations like Republic of Togo dey use&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://postalmuseum.si.edu/object/npm_2009.2004.1 .5fr Centenary of the Emancipation Proclamation]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;. Di United States mark am for August 16, 1963, di first day for di Century of Negro Progress Exhibition for Chicago, Illinois. Na Georg Olden design am, di first printing wey dem approve na 120 million stamps.&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue2&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Check dem too ==

* [[:en:District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act|District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act]]
* [[:en:1866_Georgia_State_Freedmen's_Conventions|1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions]]
* [[:en:Juneteenth|Juneteenth]] emancipation in Texas
* [[:en:Abolition_of_slavery_timeline|Abolition of slavery timeline]]
* [[:en:Act_Prohibiting_the_Return_of_Slaves|Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves]] – 1862 statute
* [[:en:Confiscation_Acts|Confiscation Acts]]
* [[:en:Contraband_(American_Civil_War)|Contraband (American Civil War)]]
* ''[[:en:Emancipation_Memorial|Emancipation Memorial]]'' – a sculpture in Washington, D.C., completed in 1876
* [[:en:Emancipation_reform_of_1861|Emancipation reform of 1861]] – Russia
* [[:en:Lieber_Code#Black_prisoners_of_war|Lieber Code]]
* [[:en:Reconstruction_Amendments|Reconstruction Amendments]] – amendments added to the Constitution after 1863
* [[:en:Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833|Slavery Abolition Act 1833]] – an act passed by the British parliament abolishing slavery in British colonies with compensation to the owners
* [[:en:Slave_Trade_Act|Slave Trade Acts]]
* [[:en:Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] – 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
* [[:en:Timeline_of_the_civil_rights_movement|Timeline of the civil rights movement]]
* [[:en:War_Governors'_Conference|War Governors' Conference]] – gave Lincoln the much needed political support to issue the Proclamation

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=Foner |first1=Eric |author-link= |title=The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/fierytrialabraha0000fone |date=2010 |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-06618-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|author-link=|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-9965-7}}
===Primary sources===
* C. Peter Ripley, Roy E. Finkenbine, Michael F. Hembree, Donald Yacovone, editors, ''Witness for Freedom: African American Voices on Race, Slavery, and Emancipation'' (1993) {{ISBN|0807820725}}

==Read further==
* Belz, Herman. ''Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era'' (1978) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110816095105/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 Archived] August 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
* Biddle, Daniel R., and Murray Dubin. &quot;'God Is Settling the Account': African American Reaction to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' (Jan. 2013) 137#1 57–78.
* Blackiston, Harry S. &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Plan.&quot; ''Journal of Negro History'' 7, no. 3 (1922): 257–277.
* Blair, William A. and Younger, Karen Fisher, eds. ''Lincoln's Proclamation: Emancipation Reconsidered'' (The University of North Carolina Press, 2009) {{ISBN|978-0-8078-3316-2}} [https://www.fedbar.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/bookreviews-MA2010-pdf-1.pdf Review]
* Carnahan, Burrus M. ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'' (The University Press of Kentucky, 2007) {{ISBN|978-0-8131-2463-6}}
* Crowther, Edward R. &quot;Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in ''Encyclopedia of the American Civil War.'' Heidler, David S. and Heidler, Jeanne T. (2000) {{ISBN|0-393-04758-X}}
* Chambers Jr., Henry L. &quot;Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation, and Executive Power.&quot; ''Maryland Law Review'' 73 (2013): 100+ [http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3599&amp;context=mlr online]

* Ewan, Christopher. &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation and British Public Opinion&quot; ''The Historian'', Vol. 67, 2005
* Franklin, John Hope. ''The Emancipation Proclamation'' (1963) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120726125512/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 Archived] July 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Guelzo, Allen C. [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0025.103/--how-abe-lincoln-lost-the-black-vote-lincoln-and-emancipation?rgn=main;view=fulltext &quot;How Abe Lincoln Lost the Black Vote: Lincoln and Emancipation in the African American Mind&quot;], ''Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association'' (2004) 25#1
* Harold Holzer, Edna Greene Medford, and Frank J. Williams. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: Three Views'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2006) {{ISBN|0-8071-3144-X}}
* Harold Holzer. ''Emancipating Lincoln: The Proclamation in Text, Context, and Memory'' (Harvard University Press, 2012) {{ISBN|978-0-674-06440-9}}
* Jones, Howard. ''Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War'' (1999) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120627151852/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 Archived] June 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Mitch Kachun, ''Festivals of Freedom: Memory and Meaning in African American Emancipation Celebrations, 1808–1915'' (2003)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311070211/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Archived] March 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

* Kennon, Donald R. and Paul Finkelman, eds. ''Lincoln, Congress, and Emancipation'' (Ohio University Press, 2016)
* Kolchin, Peter, &quot;Reexamining Southern Emancipation in Comparative Perspective,&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'', 81#1 (Feb. 2015), 7–40.
* Litwack, Leon F. ''Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery'' (1979), social history of the end of slavery in the Confederacy
* Mack Smith, Denis, ''Garibaldi'' (Great Lives Observed). (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1969)
* McPherson, James M. ''Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction'' (2001 [3rd ed.]), esp. pp.&amp;nbsp;316–321.
* Masur, Louis P. ''Lincoln's Hundred Days: The Emancipation Proclamation and the War for the Union'' (Harvard University Press, 2012)
* Nevins, Allan. ''Ordeal of the Union: vol 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960)
* Oakes, James. ''Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865'' (W. W. Norton &amp; Co., 2013) {{ISBN|978-0-393-06531-2}}

* Siddali, Silvana R. ''From Property to Person: Slavery and the Confiscation Acts, 1861–1862'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2005) {{ISBN|0807130427}}
* Stauffer, John. ''Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln'' (Twelve, 2008) {{ISBN|978-0-446-58009-0}}
* Syrett, John. ''Civil War Confiscation Acts: Failing to Reconstruct the South'' (2005)
* Trefousse, Hans L., et al., edited by Harold M. Hyman. ''Lincoln's Decision for Emancipation'' (J. B. Lippincott &amp; Co., 1975) {{ISBN|0-397-47336-2}}
* Tsesis, Alexander. ''We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law'' (2008)
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Vorenberg, Michael. ''Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120525054940/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Archived] May 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Vorenberg, Michael, ed. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: A Brief History with Documents'' (2010), primary and secondary sources
==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q391358|c=Category:Emancipation Proclamation|n=no|b=no|v=Analysis of the Emancipation Proclamation|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=The Emancipation Proclamation|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r A zoomable image of the Leland-Boker authorized edition of the Emancipation Proclamation held by the British Library] [https://web.archive.org/web/20111208030144/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r Archived] December 8. 2011. at the Wayback Machine
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101122161527/http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=290 Lesson plan on Emancipation Proclamation from EDSITEment NEH]
* [https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation Text and images of the Emancipation Proclamation from the National Archives]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210000843/http://abrahamlincoln200.org/for-kids/lincoln-coloring-book.aspx Online Lincoln Coloring Book for Teachers and Students]
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/EmanProc.html Emancipation Proclamation and related resources at the Library of Congress]
* [http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Emancipation Proclamation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080623225840/http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Archived] June 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
* First Edition [https://web.archive.org/web/20080807130329/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/october/emancipation-proclamation.htm Emancipation Proclamation] in 1862 ''Harper's Weekly''

* [http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War] [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Archived] October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
* [http://www.americanabolitionists.com/lincoln-chronology-on-slavery-and-emancipation.html American Abolitionists and Antislavery Activists], chronology of Abraham Lincoln and emancipation
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030114103859/http://www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/hus-emancproc.htm &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;]
* [http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/ep/ Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation at the New York State Library] – images and transcript of Lincoln's original manuscript of the preliminary proclamation
* [http://humorinamerica.wordpress.com/2013/02/21/in-the-archives-lincoln-diversion-1862/ The role of humor in presenting the Proclamation to Lincoln's Cabinet]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1865/06/16/news/emancipation-proclamation-interesting-sketch-its-history-artist-carpenter.html?scp=32&amp;sq=emancipation+proclamation&amp;st=p&amp;pagewanted=all 1865 ''NY Times'' article] – Sketch of its History by Lincoln's portrait artist
* [http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Webcast Discussion] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130704053926/https://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Archived] July 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine with Pulitzer Prize-winning author James McPherson and James Cornelius, Curator of the Lincoln Collection in the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum about the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation
{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:Works about American slavery]]
[[Category:1863 insyd American politics]]
[[Category:1862 documents]]
[[Category:United States presidential directives]]
[[Category:United States executive orders]]
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      <text bytes="114575" sha1="qcr8hps6fol1hsgln2dipebmbyddryj" xml:space="preserve">== Ze CHase proclamation ==
{{Databox}}De '''Emancipation Proclamation''', officially '''Proclamation 95''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;Proclamation 95—Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation] | The American Presidency Project&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]. ''presidency.ucsb.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211218125054/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united Archived] from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Harward|first1=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;pg=PA228|title=The Presidency in Times of Crisis and Disaster: Primary Documents in Context|date=2020|publisher=ABC-Clio|isbn=978-1-44-087088-0|location=Santa Barbara, California|page=228|access-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423211358/https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA228&amp;lpg=PA228&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=J-N4PHTztQ&amp;sig=ACfU3U0vp68TFMC6MVB_mh6pp3mmTaffGQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxzryaiqv3AhWylIkEHXpHC7cQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=Proclamation%2095%E2%80%94Regarding%20the%20Status%20of%20Slaves%20in%20States%20Engaged%20in%20Rebellion%20Against%20the%20United%20States&amp;f=false|archive-date=April 23, 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e ebe  presidential proclamation den '''executive order''' wey  United States Presido Abraham Lincoln  issue for January 1, 1863, den American Civil War times. Na de Proclamation get de effect of changing de legal status of more dan 3.5 million enslaved African Americans insyd de secessionist Confederate states from enslaved to free. As de slaves escape de control of dema enslavers, either by fleeing to Union lines anaa thru de advance of federal troops, na dem be permanently free. In addition, na de Proclamation allow for den slaves make dem &quot;be received into de armed service of de United States&quot;. Na de Emancipation Proclamation play a significant part insyd de end of slavery insyd de United States.

On September 22, 1862, na Lincoln issue de preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/transcript_preliminary_emancipation.html Text of Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Ein third paragraph dey begin:

{{blockquote|That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.}}

On January 1, 1863, na Lincoln issue de final Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html Text of Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Na e state:
{{blockquote|I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do ... order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion, against the United States, the following, to wit:}}

Na Lincoln then list de ten states&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[https://www.nps.gov/anjo/learn/historyculture/johnson-and-tn-emancipation.htm#:~:text=On%20January%201%2C%201863%2C%20Abraham,was%20serving%20as%20Military%20Governor. Eleven states had seceded, but Tennessee was under Union control.]&lt;/ref&gt; still insyd rebellion, wey dey exclude parts of states under Union control, wey he continue:

{{blockquote|I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free.&amp;nbsp;... [S]uch persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States.&amp;nbsp;... And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.}}Na de proclamation provide dat de executive branch, wey dey include de Army den Navy, &quot;go recognize den maintain de freedom of said persons&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Dirck|first=Brian R.|url=https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc|title=The Executive Branch of Federal Government: People, Process, and Politics|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1851097913|page=[https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc/page/102 102]|quote=The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order, itself a rather unusual thing in those days. Executive orders are simply presidential directives issued to agents of the executive department by its boss.|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even though na e exclude states wey no dey insyd rebellion, as well as parts of Louisiana den Virginia under Union control,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Davis|first=Kenneth C.|title=Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned|url=https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2003|isbn=978-0-06-008381-6|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0/page/228 227]–228|author-link=}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e still apply to more dan 3.5&amp;nbsp;million of de 4&amp;nbsp;million enslaved people insyd de country. Na dem immediately emancipate around 25,000 to 75,000 insyd those regions of de Confederacy wer na de US Army already dey in place. Na dem no fi enforce am insyd de areas still insyd rebellion,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; buh, as na de Union army take control of Confederate regions, na de Proclamation provide de legal framework for de liberation of more dan three den a half million enslaved people insyd those regions by de end of de war. Na de Emancipation Proclamation outrage white Southerners den dema sympathizers, wey na dem see am as de beginning of a race war. Na e energize abolitionists, wey e undermine those Europeans wey na dem want make dem intervene to help de Confederacy.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union, vol. 6: War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960) pp. 231–241, 273&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Proclamation lift de spirits of African Americans, both free den enslaved. Na e encourage chaw make dem escape from slavery den flee toward Union lines, wer na chaw join de Union Army.&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard Jones 1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Howard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVvZb5oeVtwC|title=Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1999|isbn=0-8032-2582-2|page=151}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Emancipation Proclamation cam turn a historic document secof e &quot;go redefine de Civil War, dem turn am [for de North] from a struggle [solely] make e preserve de Union to one [sanso] focused on ending slavery, den set a decisive course for how de nation go be reshaped after dat historic conflict.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 6, 2020|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121234009/https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|archive-date=January 21, 2021|access-date=January 24, 2021|website=History}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem never challenge de Emancipation Proclamation insyd court. Make dem ensure de abolition of slavery insyd all of de U.S., na Lincoln sanso insist dat Reconstruction plans for Southern states require dem make dem enact laws wey dey abolish slavery (wich na occur during de war insyd Tennessee, Arkansas, den Louisiana); na Lincoln encourage border states make dem adopt abolition (wich occur during de war insyd Maryland, Missouri, den West Virginia) wey na dem push for passage of de [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|13th Amendment]]. Na de Senate pass de 13th Amendment by de necessary two-thirds vote on April 8, 1864; na de House of Representatives do so on January 31, 1865; den de required three-fourths of de states ratify am on December 6, 1865. Na de amendment make slavery den involuntary servitude unconstitutional, &quot;except as a punishment for a crime&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment.html|access-date=June 27, 2013|publisher=The Library of Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Authority ==
[[File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|thumb|Abraham Lincoln]]
De United States Constitution wey dem write for 1787 no use the word 'slavery' but e get plenty provisions wey concern unfree persons. The Three-Fifths Compromise (for Article I, Section 2) talk say dem go share congressional representation, and so the number of each state votes for Electoral College go be 'based on the whole Number of free Persons' and 'three-fifths of all other Persons'&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Under the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article IV, Section 2), 'No person held to Service or Labour for one State' no go fit become free if dem run go another place. Article I, Section 9 dey allow Congress make laws wey go stop the 'Importation of Persons', but dem no go fit do am until 1808&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010——16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|p=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E be like for the Fifth Amendment wey talk say, 'No person shall... be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law'—dem see slaves as property&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Even though abolitionists dey use the Fifth Amendment fight slavery, na di same law help Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) fit treat slaves as property.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Slavery dey backed by law and white supremacy culture wey dey everywhere&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;. But between 1777 and 1804, every Northern state dey provide for quick or steady end of slavery. Southern states no do am, and di slave population for di South dey grow, reaching almost four million people as Civil War start, when most slave states wan separate from the US&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010-14-16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=14–16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln accept say Constitution before 1865 dey limit federal government power to stop slavery for peacetime and e commit matter to individual states&lt;ref name=&quot;Mackubin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Mackubin|first=Thomas Owens|date=March 25, 2004|title=The Liberator|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216125903/http://old.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|archive-date=February 16, 2012|work=National Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But during di Civil War, Lincoln drop di Emancipation Proclamation under him authority as 'Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy' as per Article II, section 2 of di US Constitution.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; So, for de Emancipation Proclamation, e talk say e get power to free people wey dem dey hold as slaves for de states wey dey fight back, as e go fit help to stop dat fight. For di first Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln point make we see two laws from 1862, like “An Act to Make an Additional Article of War” and di Confiscation Act of 1862, but for di final one, he no mention any law at all. Di reason wey him fit issue di first and final Proclamation na because him be President and Commander-in-Chief.&lt;ref&gt;Fabrikant, Robert, &quot;Emancipation and the Proclamation: Of Contrabands, Congress, and Lincoln&quot;. ''Howard Law Journal'', vol. 49, no. 2 (2006), p. 369.&lt;/ref&gt; So, Lincoln no get power over di four border states wey no dey fight—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware—so him no mention dem for di Proclamation. Di fifth border place, West Virginia, wey slavery still dey legal but dey try stop am, for January 1863, still be part of di “reorganized” Virginia wey dey under di Union, no be di Confederate Virginia wey dey Richmond.

== Coverage ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|thumb|Di areas wey Emancipation Proclamation cover dey red, di slave-holding areas wey no get cover dey blue.]]
Emancipation Proclamation dey work for ten states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but e no touch the almost 500,000 slaves for the border states (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware) or parts of Virginia and Louisiana wey don calm down. Dem slaves dey free later by state and federal decisions&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-01|title=150 years later, myths persist about the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/01/us/150-years-later-myths-persist-about-the-emancipation-proclamation/index.html|access-date=2022-07-22|website=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Areas wey e cover na Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties wey dey West Virginia, plus Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including Norfolk and Portsmouth cities). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Irwin |first1=Richard Bache |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010407240 |title=Promulgating the Emancipation Proclamation. |last2=Banks |first2=Nathaniel Prentiss |date=1863-01-29 |series=General orders; no. 12 |access-date=2023-07-26 |via=HathiTrust}} &lt;/ref&gt;

Tennessee don already mostly return to Union control, so dem no name am and e dey exempt. Virginia dey name, but dem talk say 48 counties wey dey form new West Virginia get special exemptions, plus seven counties and two cities wey dey Union-controlled Tidewater region for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Freedmen and Southern Society Project|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ|title=Freedom: a documentary history of emancipation 1861–1867 : selected from the holdings of the National Archives of the United States. The destruction of slavery|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1982|isbn=978-0-521-22979-1|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA69 69]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. New Orleans and 13 parishes for Louisiana wey dey mostly under federal control too dey exempt. This exemptions leave another 300,000 slaves wey never free&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=241–242}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Emancipation Proclamation don collect plenty wahala, especially from Richard Hofstadter wey talk say e get all the moral grandeur of a bill of lading and wey say e free all slaves... where e no fit reach.&lt;ref&gt;Hofstadter, Richard, &quot;Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth,&quot; in ''The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It'' (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1948). [[iarchive:americanpolitica00hofs|online]]. Vintage Books edition, March 1989, p. 169.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Similarly, Karl Marx said that the proclamation sounds like [https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1062&amp;context=cwfac &quot;ordinary summonses sent by one lawyer to another on the opposing side&quot;.] Quoted by Allen C. Guelzo. &quot;'Sublime in Its Magnitude': The Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in Holzer, Harold and Sara Vaughn Gabbard, eds., ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment''. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2007, pp. 65-78, quotation at p. 66.&lt;/ref&gt;  No be say I dey disagree with Hofstadter o, but William W. Freehling talk say when Lincoln use him power as Commander-in-Chief drop the proclamation, e no be like person wey dey collect bills but like warrior wey carry new weapon come show&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W., ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War''. Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 118.&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make plenty slaves for Confederate states free as Union armies dey waka enter South, and some slaves dey escape go Union side or slave owners dey run come off, leave slaves behind. E also mean say Union go end slavery and still protect the Union. Even though Emancipation Proclamation help free plenty slaves small by small, e no make slavery illegal. States like Maryland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=November 1, 1864|title=Archives of Maryland Historical List: Constitutional Convention, 1864|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220000817/http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|archive-date=February 20, 2012|access-date=November 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Missouri&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 11, 1865|title=Missouri abolishes slavery|url=http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132518/http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Tennessee&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and West Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey no dey follow the Emancipation Proclamation, don ban slavery before war finish. For 1863, President Lincoln propose plan wey go help rebuild Louisiana wey dem capture&lt;ref&gt;Stauffer (2008), ''Giants'', p. 279&lt;/ref&gt;. Only 10 percent of the voters go swear loyalty. Dem still gatz accept the Emancipation Proclamation and remove slavery from dem new constitution. By December 1864, Lincoln plan dey work no be only for Louisiana but also for Arkansas and Tennessee.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 1995 pp. 38–41&quot;&gt;Peterson (1995), ''Lincoln in American Memory'', pp. 38–41&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McCarthy 1901 p. 76&quot;&gt;McCarthy (1901), ''Lincoln's plan of Reconstruction'', p. 76&lt;/ref&gt;. For Kentucky, Union Army commanders use di offer of freedom from di proclamation to make slaves wey join Army fit free their whole family; because of dis and other reasons, slaves for di state reduce pass 70 percent during di war&lt;ref name=&quot;Harrison&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harrison |first=Lowell H. |year=1983 |title=Slavery in Kentucky: A Civil War Casualty |journal=The Kentucky Review |edition=Fall |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=38–40}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But for Delaware&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Slavery in Delaware|url=http://slavenorth.com/delaware.htm|website=slavenorth.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Kentucky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Lowell Hayes Harrison and James C. Klotter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdTIIEZ1k2QC&amp;q=kentucky+abolishes+slavery&amp;pg=PA174|title=A new history of Kentucky|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1997|isbn=0813126215|page=180}} In 1866, Kentucky refused to ratify the 13th Amendment. It did ratify it in 1976.&lt;/ref&gt;, slavery still dey legal until December 18, 1865, when di Thirteenth Amendment enter ground.

== Background ==

=== Military action prior to emancipation ===
Di Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 say make people return runaway slaves go their owners. For di war, for May 1861, Union general Benjamin Butler talk say three slaves wey run come meet Union soldiers be contraband of war, so e refuse to send dem back, e tell one man wey wan carry dem go back say, &quot;I no dey owe any constitution to foreign country wey Virginia dey claim say na dem.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT_20110411&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|date=April 1, 2011|title=How Slavery Really Ended in America|author=Adam Goodheart|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For May 30, after President Lincoln hold cabinet meeting, &quot;Simon Cameron, di secretary of war, send telegraph give Butler say him contraband policy 'na approved.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 99.&lt;/ref&gt;'&quot; Dis decision cause wahala because e fit mean say dem dey recognize Confederacy as separate, independent sovereign state for international law, somtin wey Lincoln no gree accept. Plus, as contraband, dem dey see these people as &quot;property&quot; when dem cross Union lines, so wetin go happen to dem no clear.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Living Contraband – Former Slaves in the Nation's Capital During the Civil War|url=https://home.nps.gov/cwdw/learn/historyculture/living-contraband-former-slaves-in-the-capital-during-and-after-the-civil-war.htm|access-date=June 29, 2013|work=Civil War Defenses of Washington|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Government sabi how to free people ===
&lt;imagemap&gt;
Image:Emancipation proclamation.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|''[[First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln]]'' by [[Francis Bicknell Carpenter]] (1864) {{Clickable|use cursor to identify.}}|alt=A dark-haired, bearded, middle-aged man holding documents is seated among seven other men.]]

poly 269 892 254 775 193 738 130 723 44 613 19 480 49 453 75 434 58 376 113 344 133 362 143 423 212 531 307 657 357 675 409 876 [[Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin Stanton]]
poly 169 282 172 244 244 201 244 148 265 117 292 125 305 166 304 204 321 235 355 296 374 348 338 395 341 469 [[Salmon P. Chase|Salmon Chase]]
poly 569 893 535 708 427 613 357 562 377 456 393 404 468 351 451 317 473 259 520 256 544 283 530 339 526 374 559 401 594 431 639 494 715 542 692 551 693 579 672 546 623 552 596 617 698 629 680 852 [[Abraham Lincoln]]
poly 692 514 740 441 788 407 772 350 800 303 831 297 861 329 867 381 868 409 913 430 913 471 847 532 816 533 709 533 [[Gideon Welles]]
poly 703 783 752 769 825 627 907 620 929 569 905 538 886 563 833 563 873 502 930 450 1043 407 1043 389 1036 382 1042 363 1058 335 1052 333 1052 324 1081 318 1124 338 1133 374 1116 412 1132 466 1145 509 1117 588 1087 632 1083 706 [[William H. Seward|William Seward]]
poly 905 418 941 328 987 295 995 284 982 244 990 206 1036 207 1046 247 1047 284 1066 312 1071 314 1049 327 1044 354 1033 383 1033 407 921 453 [[Caleb Blood Smith|Caleb Smith]]
poly 1081 308 1102 255 1095 220 1093 181 1109 161 1145 160 1169 191 1153 227 1153 246 1199 268 1230 310 1239 377 1237 443 1220 486 1125 451 1118 412 1136 378 1124 342 [[Montgomery Blair]]
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poly 625 555 595 620 699 625 730 550 [[Emancipation Proclamation]]
poly 120 80 120 300 3 300 3 80 [[Simon Cameron|Portrait of Simon Cameron]]
poly 752 196 961 189 948 8 735 10 [[Andrew Jackson|Portrait of Andrew Jackson]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
For December 1861, Lincoln send im first annual message to Congress (dem dey call am State of the Union Address, but back then dem dey write am). Inside, e praise free labor system wey dey respect human rights pass property rights; e support law to fit tackle the matter of contraband slaves and slaves wey dey loyal states, maybe by buying dem freedom with federal money; e also support federal money for voluntary colonization.&lt;ref&gt;[https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-3-1861-first-annual-message December 3, 1861: First Annual Message: Transcript]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147 147–148]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For January 1862, Thaddeus Stevens, wey be Republican leader for House, call for total war against the rebellion to include freeing slaves, talk say if dem free the slaves, e go spoil the rebel economy. On March 13, 1862, Congress approve Act wey no go allow military or naval people for United States return fugitive slaves to their owners.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/artwar.htm &quot;Law Enacting an Additional Article of War&quot; (the official name of the statute).]&lt;/ref&gt;. Following one law wey Lincoln sign, dem abolish slavery for District of Columbia on April 16, 1862, and dem compensate the owners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mann|first=Lina|title=The Complexities of Slavery in the Nation's Capital|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-complexities-of-slavery-in-the-nations-capital|access-date=2020-09-20|website=White House Historical|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

For June 9, 1862, Congress pass bill wey stop slavery for all current and future United States territories (but not for the states), and on June 19, President Lincoln sign am into law. This act clear say the 1857 opinion of Supreme Court wey sey Congress no fit regulate slavery for U.S. territories no be correct. E also reject the idea of popular sovereignty wey Stephen A. Douglas talk for slavery wahala, while e continue the work wey Thomas Jefferson first propose for 1784 to limit slavery inside the existing states..&lt;ref&gt;Montgomery, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A24AAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA428 The Student's American History]'', p. 428 (Ginn &amp; Co. 1897).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Keifer, Joseph. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GBq0gjrfxRgC&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA109 Slavery and Four Years of War]'', p. 109 (Echo Library 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

For August 6, 1861, First Confiscation Act free di slaves wey dey work against di Government and lawful authority of di United States&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/conact1.htm First Confiscation Act]&lt;/ref&gt;. Then on July 17, 1862, Second Confiscation Act come free di slaves wey dey any place wey rebel forces dey and later United States forces go enter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Second Act no be like di First one, e clear say all di slaves wey dey under am go free for life, because section 10 talk say all di slaves wey belong to people wey go dey rebel against di government go free if dem run come inside di army lines; plus any slave wey dem catch or wey desert dem go dey free from di government control; and all di slaves of people wey dey for any place wey rebel forces dey go also be war captives, no go fit be slaves again&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But Lincoln still believe say, even though Congress no fit free di slaves for di rebel states, as commander in chief, e fit do am if e feel say na good military move.&lt;ref&gt;Donald, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fuTY3mxs9awC&amp;q=Second+Confiscation+Act Lincoln]'', p. 365 (Simon and Schuster, 1996)&lt;/ref&gt;. As of summer 1862, Lincoln don draft di early Emancipation Proclamation wey him go drop for September 22, 1862, wey go talk say for January 1, 1863, e go free di slaves for states wey still dey rebel.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== How people dey feel 'bout freedom matter ===
[[File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|thumb|Peter photo wey dem snap for Baton Rouge spring 1863; e dey fly everywhere by abolitionists to show wetin slavery fit do.]]
Abolitionists don dey push Lincoln make he free all slaves for long. For the summer wey be 1862, Republican editor Horace Greeley from New-York Tribune, wey get strong influence, write one big editorial wey call “The Prayer of Twenty Millions” wey dey shout for more action against the Confederacy and make dem free the slaves quick quick: “For this wide earth, Mr. President, no be one intelligent person wey dey support the Union cause wey no dey feel say if dem crush the rebellion today, e go wake again if dem leave slavery strong, and every hour wey dem dey respect slavery na hour wey dey add danger to the Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=second|pages=160–161}}&lt;/ref&gt;”

Lincoln reply for im letter to Horace Greeley on August 22, 1862: If some people go fit save the Union only if dem fit save slavery, I no dey agree with them. If some people no go fit save the Union unless dem destroy slavery, I still no dey agree. My main goal for this fight na to save the Union, no be to save or destroy slavery. If I fit save the Union without freeing any slave, I go do am, and if na by freeing all slaves I go save am, I go do am; and if na by freeing some and leaving others, I go still do that. Wetin I go do about slavery, and the colored people, na because I believe say e go help save the Union; and wetin I no do, I no do am because I no believe say e go help save the Union... I don talk my plan according to wetin I see as my duty; and I no mean say I go change my personal wish wey I don talk plenty times say I wish say all men everywhere fit free.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer talk say Lincoln letter be like: &quot;Greeley no sabi say Lincoln write am after e don draft di first Emancipation Proclamation wey e wan drop after di next Union military victory. So, dis letter, na true, be like say e wan position di coming announcement for saving di Union, no be to free slaves as humanitarian move. E be one of Lincoln most clever public relations move, even if e don create doubt about him sincerity as liberator.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Historian Richard Striner talk say &quot;for many years&quot; people dey misread Lincoln letter as &quot;Lincoln just wan save di Union&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; But according to Striner, for di whole of Lincoln career and how e dey talk about slavery, this be wrong. In fact, Lincoln dey try soft soft di strong Northern white supremacist wey no wan gree with him emancipation by linking am to di cause of di Union. Dis people go fight for di Union but no go want end slavery, so Lincoln find way for dem to do both at di same time.&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. So, e fit don choose di third option wey him mention to Greeley: &quot;free some and leave others&quot;; dat be, free slaves for di states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but leave di ones wey dey border states and Union-occupied areas.

But, as the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation talk make am clear, Lincoln talk say e go suggest to Congress make dem compensate states wey fit &quot;take, immediate or gradual end slavery&quot;. Plus, during the hundred days from September 22, 1862, when e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, to January 1, 1863, when e drop the Final Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln still dey show say him dey consider the first option wey e mention to Greeley — maintain the Union without freeing any slave — still possible. Historian William W. Freehling talk say, &quot;From mid-October to mid-November 1862, e send personal envoys go Louisiana, Tennessee, and Arkansas.&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W. (2001). ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War'', New York: Oxford University Press, p. 111.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, pp. 8-9.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;. Each of dem carry letter from Lincoln wey talk say if people for their state want &quot;avoid the wahala&quot; of the Final Emancipation Proclamation &quot;and get peace again like before&quot; (meaning, with slavery still dey), make dem gather &quot;the largest number wey possible&quot; to vote for &quot;elections for members to Congress of the United States ... wey friendly to their wahala&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;. Later, for him Annual Message to Congress on December 1, 1862, Lincoln propose amendment to U.S. Constitution say any state wey end slavery before January 1, 1900, go collect compensation from U.S. in form of interest-bearing U.S. bonds. If dem accept this amendment, for theory, e fit end the war without really ending slavery, because the amendment talk say, &quot;Any State wey don collect bonds ... and later bring back or allow slavery again, go pay back the United States the bonds wey dem collect, or the value of am, plus all interest wey dem pay on top&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, p. 530.]&lt;/ref&gt;

For him 2014 book wey dem call Lincoln's Gamble, journalist and historian Todd Brewster talk say, Lincoln wan make saving di Union be im only goal for di war, and dat one be key for im legal authority to free di slaves. Since Constitution dey protect slavery, di only way wey he fit free di slaves na as war tactic—no be di main mission&lt;ref name=&quot;Brewster&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Brewster|first=Todd|title=Lincoln's Gamble: The Tumultuous Six Months that Gave America the Emancipation Proclamation and Changed the Course of the Civil War|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew|publisher=Scribner|year=2014|isbn=978-1451693867|page=[https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew/page/59 59]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But e come get risk say, when di war finish, di reason wey he go use to free di slaves go finish too. For late 1862, Lincoln ask im Attorney General, Edward Bates, wetin e go fit do if slaves wey dem free under war proclamation go fit be taken back once di war end. Bates gats wade through di language of Dred Scott decision before e fit give answer, but e finally conclude say dem fit still remain free. Still, for full end of slavery, dem go need constitutional amendment. Dem dey give Lincoln different advice on whether to free di slaves, both for public and private. Thomas Nast be cartoon artist wey dey work during Civil War and late 1800s, dem dey call am &quot;Father of the American Cartoon&quot;. E draw plenty things, including one artwork wey show how people wey dey suffer for slavery move enter civilization when President Lincoln sign the Proclamation. Nast believ say everybody suppose get equal chance, even the enslaved Africans and free blacks. For Chicago on September 7, 1862, plenty people gather for rally wey demand make dem free all slaves sharp sharp. One group wey William W. Patton dey lead go meet the president for White House on September 13. Lincoln talk for peacetime say e no get power wey constitution gree make am free slaves. Even as war power, emancipation no be small risk wey fit cause wahala. Public opinion no too dey support am.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA18 18]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Copperhead Democrats no go gree, and border states no sure how dem go react. Delaware and Maryland dey high for free blacks percentage: 91.2% and 49.7% for 1860.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Kolchin|first=Peter|title=American Slavery: 1619–1877|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542|date=1994|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-1554-2|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542/page/82 82]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Drafting and issuance of the proclamation ==
[[File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Eastman_Johnson|Eastman Johnson]] (American, 1824–1906) – ''[[:en:A_Ride_for_Liberty_–_The_Fugitive_Slaves|A Ride for Liberty – The Fugitive Slaves]]'', {{Circa|1862}}]]
Lincoln first yan the proclamation with him cabinet for July 1862. E draft him first proclamation and read am to Secretary of State William Seward and Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles on July 13. Seward and Welles no fit even talk, but Seward talk say e dey fear say if dem no careful, wahala go fall everywhere for South, and foreign people fit come join. Welles no talk anything. On July 22, Lincoln show am to him whole cabinet as wetin e don decide to do and him ask dem how dem go fit word am&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|year=2002|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/almintr.html|access-date=June 28, 2013|work=Lincoln Papers|publisher=Library of Congress and Knox College}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton back am, but Seward advice say make Lincoln wait make Union fit win major battle before e go drop the proclamation, else e go look like say Union dey shout retreat. But Walter Stahr write say, 'Some sources talk say dem other people dey involved for the delay decision,' and e quote dem&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Doris Kearns |title=Team of Rivals |publisher=Blithedale Productions |year=2005 |location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

For September 1862, the Battle of Antietam give Lincoln the victory wey e need to drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. For the battle, Union lose plenty soldiers pass Confederates and General McClellan allow Robert E. Lee troops to run, but Union forces still push back Confederate invasion for Maryland, chop down more than quarter of Lee army. This one be turning point for the Civil War.&lt;ref&gt;Stahr, Walter, ''Stanton: Lincoln's War Secretary'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2017, p. 226.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|left|thumb|1864 reproduction of the Emancipation Proclamation from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division]]For September 22, 1862, five days after Antietam, as Lincoln dey chill for Soldier's Home, e call im cabinet come meet and drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Preliminary Emacipation Proclamation, 1862|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/preliminary_emancipation_proclamation.html#|website=www.archives.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, Lincoln tell dem say, &quot;I don make one serious promise before God, say if General Lee fit run come from Pennsylvania, I go finish am with the freedom declaration for slaves&lt;ref&gt;McPherson, James M. ''Battle Cry of Freedom'', (1988), p. 557.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Carpenter |first=Frank B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTsl3N7hDpAC&amp;q=six+months+at+the+white+house+carpenter |title=Six Months at the White House |publisher=Applewood Books |year=1866 |isbn=978-1-4290-1527-1 |page=90 |access-date=February 20, 2010}} as reported by Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon Portland Chase, September 22, 1862. Others present used the word ''resolution'' instead of ''vow to God''. Gideon Welles, ''Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy Under Lincoln and Johnson'' (Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1911), 1:143, reported that Lincoln made a covenant with God that if God would change the tide of the war, Lincoln would change his policy toward slavery. See also Nicolas Parrillo, &quot;Lincoln's Calvinist Transformation: Emancipation and War&quot;, ''Civil War History'' (September 1, 2000).&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; Lincoln show im first draft to Vice President Hannibal Hamlin,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=Bangor in Focus: Hannibal Hamlin|url=http://bangorinfo.com/Focus/focus_hannibal_hamlin.html|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=Bangorinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;, wey be serious abolitionist, but dem dey keep am for dark about presidential matter. So, Lincoln drop the final proclamation wey e promise for January 1, 1863. Even though Congress give am authority, Lincoln use im power as Commander-in-Chief of Army and Navy to drop the proclamation as war measure. So, e no be like law wey Congress enact, because Lincoln fit just cancel am if e like. One week after e drop the final Proclamation, Lincoln write to Major General John McClernand: &quot;After dem start fight, I dey try for almost one and half year to manage without touch the 'institution'; but when I finally decide to touch am, I give hundred days notice so all States and people fit turn back as good citizens. Dem choose to ignore am, and I make the proclamation based on wetin I see as military need. Once I don make am, e go stand.” Lincoln still talk say the states wey dey for the proclamation fit “adopt plans for apprenticeship for di colored people, wey go follow wetin dey approved for gradual emancipation; and... dem fit dey almost as okay as if this wahala no happen. E end by beg McClernand say make e no carry this letter go public..”.&lt;ref&gt;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln6/1:84.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext;q1=broken+eggs &quot;The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln]&quot; edited by Roy P. Basler, Volume 6, pp. 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|thumb|One printed paper dey call for men wey get color make dem join U.S. military after dem free slaves in 1863 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).]]
Initially, di Emancipation Proclamation free only small number of slaves, wey be di one wey dey behind Union line for area wey no dey exempted. Plenty slaves still dey behind Confederate line or for exempted Union area. Secretary of State William H. Seward talk say, &quot;We dey show our sympathy with slavery by freeing slaves where we no fit reach dem and keeping dem in bondage where we fit set dem free.&quot; If any slave state fit stop dem secession before January 1, 1863, dem fit keep slavery, at least for small time. Di Proclamation free di slaves only for di South area wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. But as di Union army dey move for di South, slaves dey run go behind dem line, and &quot;shortly after dem issue di Emancipation Proclamation, di Lincoln administration lift di ban on to entice slaves go Union line.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 367.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Dis whole matter help for di destruction of slavery. Di Emancipation Proclamation still allow freed slaves join di United States military. During di war, nearly 200,000 black men, most of dem be ex-slaves, join di Union Army&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Teaching With Documents: The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dem contribution be very important for winning di war. Di Confederacy no allow slaves join dem army as soldier until di last month before dem defeat&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=March 23, 1865|title=Confederate Law Authorizing the Enlistment of Black Soldiers, as Promulgated in a Military Order|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312213532/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|archive-date=March 12, 2012|access-date=April 13, 2012|work=CSA General Orders, No. 14|publisher=Department of History, University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Even though di counties of Virginia wey soon go form West Virginia no dey included for di Proclamation (Jefferson County be di only exception), one condition for di state to join di Union be say dem constitution go provide for gradual abolition of slavery (dem still adopt immediate emancipation for all slaves early 1865). Slaves for di border states of Maryland and Missouri still dey free by separate state action before di Civil War finish. For Maryland, new state constitution wey abolish slavery go take effect on November 1, 1864. Di Union wey dey control eastern Virginia counties plus Louisiana parishes, wey dem no allow under di Proclamation, dem come put state constitution wey make slavery no dey inside April 1864.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitutional Convention, Virginia (1864)|url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Virginia_Convention_of_1864|access-date=October 11, 2016|website=encyclopediavirginia.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/april-1864-civil-war.htm|title=American Civil War April 1864 – History Learning Site|newspaper=History Learning Site|access-date=October 11, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For early 1865, Tennessee come take amend dem constitution wey go stop slavery..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=December 8, 2009|title=Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|archive-date=October 11, 2007|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=TSLA: This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee|url=http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/timelines/timeline_1861-1865.htm|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=State.tn.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Implementation ==
[[File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|right|thumb|The moment the proclamation was signed, portrayed by [[:en:Lee_Lawrie|Lee Lawrie]] in [[:en:Lincoln,_Nebraska|Lincoln, Nebraska]]]]
Di Proclamation come out first in one early version and den final version. Di first one, wey dem issue for September 22, 1862, na early announcement wey show wetin di final one go talk later, wey take effect 100 days after for January 1, 1863, during di second year of di Civil War. Di early Emancipation Proclamation na Abraham Lincoln declaration say all di slaves go free forever for all di areas of di Confederacy wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. Di final Emancipation Proclamation name di ten states wey dey affected (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina). States like Maryland, Delaware, Missouri and Kentucky wey dey for di Union no dey included. Tennessee too no dey named, as Union military government don already set up for Nashville wey na di capital. Dem state specific exemptions for areas wey still dey under Union control on January 1, 1863, like 48 counties wey go soon turn West Virginia, seven other counties for Virginia wey include Berkeley and Hampshire wey go join West Virginia, New Orleans and 13 parishes wey dey around.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2015-10-06|title=Transcript of the Proclamation|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html|access-date=2020-09-20|website=National Archives|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Areas wey Union control for di Confederate states where di proclamation start run sharp sharp by local commanders include Winchester for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;Richard Duncan, Beleaguered Winchester: A Virginia Community at War (Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2007), pp. 139–40&lt;/ref&gt;, Corinth for Mississippi,&lt;ref&gt;Ira Berlin et al., eds., Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861–1867, Vol. 1: The Destruction of Slavery (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 260&lt;/ref&gt;, di Sea Islands along di coasts of di Carolinas and Georgia&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;, Key West for Florida&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Important From Key West&quot;, ''The New York Times'' February 4, 1863, p. 1&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal for South Carolina..&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Immediate impact ===
[[File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|left|thumb|Photo of two pikin wey dem fit don free – around 1870]]
[[File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|thumb|'Scene Wey Dey Happen for Road' from Philadelphia Inquirer reporter (maybe U.H. Painter[1]) wey dey follow Army of Potomac, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864]]
Dis one wey dem dey call &quot;Scene Along the Route&quot; from person wey dey report for Philadelphia Inquirer (maybe na U.H. Painter) wey dey with Potomac Army, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864. On New Year’s Eve for 1862, plenty African Americans – both wey dem don commot and wey still dey suffer – gather for USA to do Watch Night for &quot;Freedom's Eve&quot;, dey wait for midnight wey go bring change&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-19|title=The Historical Legacy of Juneteenth|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/historical-legacy-juneteenth|access-date=2022-06-13|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Some people dey talk say Emancipation Proclamation no free anybody&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=James M. Paradis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pd3HsBXCq94C&amp;pg=PA90|title=African Americans and the Gettysburg Campaign|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2012|isbn=9780810883369|page=90}}&lt;/ref&gt;; historian Lerone Bennett Jr. dey claim say na janja wey dem prepare no be to free anybody.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Kenneth L. Deutsch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-YAbM7YYCIC&amp;pg=PT35|title=Lincoln's American Dream: Clashing Political Perspectives|author2=Joseph Fornieri|publisher=Potomac Books|year=2005|isbn=9781597973908|page=35}}&lt;/ref&gt; But because of dis Proclamation, many slaves don use this war collect their freedom, as e start on the day e take effect; wey people for places like Hilton Head Island, South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;&quot;News from South Carolina: Negro Jubilee at Hilton Head&quot;, ''New York Herald'', January 7, 1863, p. 5&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal, South Carolina&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 22&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; dey celebrate on January 1 as dem hear say dem don get legal freedom. People dey guess the total wey dem free as the Emancipation Proclamation start; one report say 'contraband' for Union-occupied North Carolina na 10,000, and Sea Islands for South Carolina dey plenty too&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=qUTrAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Those+20,000+slaves+were+freed+immediately+by+the+Emancipation+Proclamation.&amp;pg=PA109 Epps, Henry, ''A Concise Chronicle History of African-American People Experience in America'', SCL, 2012, p. 109]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Zone wey Union dey control wey freedom start include eastern North Carolina, Mississippi Valley, northern Alabama, Shenandoah Valley for Virginia, plenty Arkansas, and Sea Islands for Georgia and South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;Harris, &quot;After the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, p. 45&lt;/ref&gt;. Even though some counties for Union-occupied Virginia no follow the Proclamation, lower Shenandoah Valley and Alexandria area dey included.&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP2&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt; Emancipation don start to take effect as Union soldiers dey enter Confederacy. Slaves dey run from their masters and Union soldiers dey help dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Allen C. Guelzo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PT107|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|year=2006|isbn=9781416547952|pages=107–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another side, Robert Gould Shaw write am to him mama on September 25, 1862, &quot;So the 'Proclamation of Emancipation' don finally show face, or better say, e for come first. I dey sure say una dey jolly for am. But me, I no fit see wetin e go do now. Anywhere our army don reach, no slaves dey anymore, and the Proclamation no go free dem where we no fit go.&quot; Ten days later, him write am again, &quot;No think say from wetin I talk before, I dey believe say Mr. Lincoln's 'Emancipation Proclamation' no correct ... but as war measure, I no see d matter wey e go reason now, ... as the slaves no fit free for any way, with Emancipation Act or without.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

Booker T. Washington, as small boy of 9 for Virginia, remember the day for early 1865:&lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

* As the big day dey come closer, plenty song dey burst for the slave quarters pass usual. E dey louder, more sweet, and e dey last well into night. Most of the plantation songs get some freedom vibe.... [S]ome man wey be stranger (a United States officer, I gbadun) make small speech and then read long paper—the Emancipation Proclamation, I think. After di reading, dem tell us say we don free, and fit waka when and where we want. My mama, wey dey by my side, lean down come kiss her pikin dem, while joy tears dey run for her cheeks. She explain wetin everything mean, say this na the day wey she don dey pray for long, but fear say she no go fit see am.[[File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|left|thumb|Winslow Homer 1876 – &quot;A Visit from the Old Mistress&quot; show tension between group of newly freed slaves and their former master – Smithsonian Museum of American Art.]]Runaway slaves wey don escape go Union lines before dey dey hold dem as 'contraband of war' under Confiscation Acts. The Sea Islands wey dey off Georgia coast don already fall to Union Navy for early war. The white people don run go mainland but the black ones dey sit down. Dem start early Reconstruction program for di former slaves, wey get schools and training. Naval officers come read di proclamation for dem, tell dem say dem don free.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman2&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;  Slaves dey part of di 'engine of war' for di Confederacy. Dem dey produce and prepare food; sew uniform; fix railway; work for farms and factories, shipping yards, and mines; build fortifications; and serve as hospital workers and common laborers. News of di Proclamation fly quick through mouth, spark hope for freedom, create confusion, and push plenty people to escape go Union lines..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Goodheart|first=Adam|title=1861: The Civil War Awakening|url=https://archive.org/details/1861civilwarawak0000good|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|year=2011|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; George Washington Albright, one teenage slave for Mississippi, remember say like many of him fellow slaves, him papa don escape join Union forces. According to Albright, plantation owners dey try keep di Proclamation news from slaves, but dem sabi am through grapevine. Di young slave come be 'runner' for one informal group dem dey call 4Ls ('Lincoln's Legal Loyal League'), wey dey carry news of di proclamation go secret slave meetings for plantations all over di region..&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins, Sally, and Stauffer, John. ''The State of Jones''. New York: Anchor Books, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7679-2946-2}}, p. 42.&lt;/ref&gt;  Confederate general Robert E. Lee see di Emancipation Proclamation as way for di Union to increase di number of soldiers dem fit put for di field, making am urgent for di Confederacy to increase dem own numbers too.
After dem sack Fredericksburg, Lee write say, &quot;Di way di enemy dey gather plenty troops and di brutal wahala wey dem don declare, e no go fit give us any choice but to win or suffer pass death. If we wan save di honor of our families from disgrace and our way of life from destruction, make we put all our effort, use all means wey dey available, to fill and keep our army strong, until God go bless us with our independence.&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://cwmemory.com/2011/11/18/robert-e-lee-on-robert-h-milroy-or-emancipation/ &quot;Robert E. Lee on Robert H. Milroy or Emancipation,&quot; ''civil war memory: The Online Home of Kevin M. Levin'', November 18, 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Shelby Foote|title=The Civil War: A Narrative: Fredericksburg to Meridian|publisher=Random House|year=1963|volume=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation be big turn for di war, as e make di North no just wan keep di Union, but also free di slaves.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 10, 2022|title=Emancipation Proclamation (1863)|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/emancipation-proclamation|access-date=13 February 2024|website=National Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Di Proclamation also gather support from abolitionists and Europeans, wey dey push enslaved people to escape go North. Dis one weaken di labor for di South and strong di North ranks..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Immediate Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|access-date=13 February 2024|website=Historical Society of Pennsylvania|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213010125/https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|archive-date=13 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Racism dey dey everywhere, both sides for the wahala, and plenty people for North just support the war to force South make dem stay for Union. The Republican politicians wey promise say the war be for Union restoration, no be about black rights or end slavery, dem opponents talk say na big lies, because of the Proclamation. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen yarn for crowd, &quot;Now my fellow Democrats, I go ask you if you go let dem push you enter wahala against your brothers for the Southern States because of the Negro. My answer be No!&quot; The Copperheads see the Proclamation as clear proof for their matter and the start of their political rise; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say the truth don clear even for &quot;those wey no get sense wey still dey think say the President be conservative and the war be for Union restoration under the Constitution&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Political impact ===
[[File:TRUMP.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TRUMP.JPG|thumb|Abe Lincoln Last Card; Or, Rouge-et-Noir (Red and Black), na cartoon wey John Tenniel draw make e appear for Punch after London Times talk say Lincoln don play him 'last card' when e drop the Proclamation for October 1862. Lincoln hair be sharp, e dey look like horns. Dem dey print dis cartoon well well for Copperhead press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=October 18, 1862|title=Abe Lincoln's Last Card|url=http://www.historygallery.com/prints/PunchLincoln/1862lastcard/1862lastcard.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Mitgang|first=Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQQXbIE--ggC&amp;q=London%20Times%20freeing%20the%20slaves%20Lincoln's%20%22desperate%20last-trump%20card%22&amp;pg=PA236-IA10|title=Abraham Lincoln, a Press Portrait: His Life and Times from the Original Newspaper Documents of the Union, the Confederacy, and Europe|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8232-2062-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]Di Proclamation dem denounce am sharp sharp, Copperhead Democrats wey no gree war and wan make dem bring back di union by allowing slavery. Horatio Seymour wey dey run for New York governor, him talk say di Emancipation Proclamation be call for slaves to dey commit wahala for all di white southerners, him yarn say na &quot;proposal for di butchery of women and children, for scenes of lust and rapine, and of arson and murder, wey go call for civilized Europe to intervene&quot;. Di Copperheads too see di Proclamation as mistake wey dey misuse presidential power. Editor Henry A. Reeves write for Greenport's Republican Watchman say &quot;For di name of freedom for Negroes, [di proclamation] dey put white men liberty for wahala; to test one utopian theory of equality wey Nature, History and Experience dey gree as monster, e dey scatter di Constitution and Civil Laws and set Military Usurpation on top&quot;. 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;Racism dey everywhere for both sides, and plenty people for di North support di war just to force di South to stay for di Union. Di promises of plenty Republican politicians wey talk say di war na to restore di Union and no be about black rights or ending slavery dem mark am as lies by dia opponents, wey use di Proclamation talk am. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen tell crowd, &quot;Now fellow Democrats I go ask you if you wan force yourself enter war against your Britheren of di Southern States for di Negro. I answer No!&quot; Di Copperheads sabi so di Proclamation be proof wey no fit argue for dia side and di start of political rise for dem members; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say di truth don show even to &quot;those stupid thickheaded persons wey dey think say di President na conservative man and di war na for di restoration of di Union under di Constitution.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1862 elections, Democrats chop 28 seats for House plus dem take governorship for New York. Lincoln padi, Orville Hickman Browning, tell am say the Proclamation and suspension of habeas corpus be like disaster for him party, e give Democrats plenty weapons. Lincoln no talk anything back. Copperhead William Jarvis from Connecticut talk say di election be di 'beginning of di end of Abolitionism wahala'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Historians like James M. McPherson and Allan Nevins dey talk say even though di results fit look bad, Lincoln fit still see am as good; his enemies do well only for di areas wey dem sabi best and 'for di national level, wetin dem gain for House na di smallest wey any minority party don get for off-year election wey don pass near a generation. Michigan, California, and Iowa all go Republican... Plus, di Republicans collect five seats for Senate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;' McPherson talk say, 'If di election be referendum on emancipation and how Lincoln dey handle di war, plenty Northern voters support these policies.'&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Confederate response ===
[[File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|thumb|&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)]]
&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)

Di first Confedrate response na anger. Dem see di Proclamation as confirmation of di rebellion and proof say Lincoln for don finish slavery even if di states no come back join di Union. Dis one make di fear of slaves revolting increase and scatter morale, especially di slave owners wey see am as threat to dia business. For one letter wey U.S. Army general Ulysses S. Grant write to President Lincoln for August 1863, e talk say di proclamation wey dey &quot;arm di negro&quot;, plus di &quot;emancipation of di negro, na di heaviest blow dem don give di Confederacy so far.&quot;  Di South dey craze plenty for am and dem dey vex well well&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Grant |first=Ulysses |date=August 23, 1863 |title=Letter to Abraham Lincoln |url=http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503212700/http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |access-date=May 3, 2014 |quote=I have given the subject of arming the Negro my hearty support. This, with the emancipation of the Negro, is the heaviest blow yet given the Confederacy. The South rave a greatdeel about it and profess to be very angry. |location=Cairo, Illinois}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For May 1863, small months after di Proclamation start, di Confederacy pass law wey dem dey demand 'full and ample retaliation' against di U.S. for di matter. Dem talk say black U.S. soldiers wey dem catch while dem dey fight di Confederacy go face court as slave rebels—dis one go fit land dem for serious wahala wey fit end for death. Less than one year after di law pass, di Confederates kill plenty black U.S. soldiers for Fort Pillow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tap|first=Bruce|title=The Fort Pillow Massacre: North, South, and the Status of African Americans in the Civil War Era|date=2013|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

President Jefferson Davis react to di Emancipation Proclamation with fire and for im speech to di Confederate Congress on January 12, im threaten say any U.S. military officer wey dem catch for Confederate ground go face state authority to charge dem for 'exciting servile insurrection', wey be serious matter..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=January 12, 1863: Jefferson Davis responds to the Emancipation Proclamation &amp;#124; the Daily Dose|url=http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113000330/http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|archive-date=January 13, 2023|access-date=January 13, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

General Robert E. Lee call di Proclamation 'savage and brutal policy wey dem don proclaim, wey no go give us any choice but success or disgrace wey fit worse pass death.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095239/https://leefamilyarchive.org/family-papers/letters/letters-1863/9-family-papers/1180-robert-e-lee-to-james-a-seddon-1863-january-10 Lee Family Digital Archive]&lt;/ref&gt;

But some Confederates welcome di Proclamation, cos dem believe say e go make pro-slavery feeling strong for di Confederacy and fit make more white men join di army. One Confederate cavalry sergeant from Kentucky talk say, 'Di Proclamation worth three hundred thousand soldiers to our Government at least... E show wetin dis war come for and di plans of di wicked people wey bring am&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/107 107] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;.' Even some Union soldiers gree with dis talk and dey fear di Proclamation no be on principle, but dem dey worry say e go make di Confederacy fight harder and hold onto slavery. One Union soldier from New York talk say after di Proclamation come out, I sabi well well how di southern people go fight for dem slavery matter, even if e mean say dem go face wahala wey fit finish dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As e be say the Proclamation land, price for slaves for the Confederacy dey rise after dem issue am, one Confederate guy from South Carolina talk for 1865 say, &quot;now be time make Uncle buy some negro women and pikin....&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== International impact ===
The way wey Lincoln wan am, the proclamation change wetin people for foreign land dey think, dem dey support the Union as dem get backing from countries wey no dey like slavery and those wey don already stop am (especially for developed places like UK and France). This change scatter the Confederacy hopes of getting any official recognition&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Robert E. May|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC|title=The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic rim|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-1-55753-061-5|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC&amp;pg=PA29 29–68]|chapter=History and Mythology: The Crisis over British Intervention in the Civil War}}&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make clear say to stop slavery be serious Union goal, e connect support for the South to support for slavery. People for Britain no go fit support slavery. As Henry Adams talk, &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation don do more for us than all our old victories and all our diplomacy.&quot; For Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi call Lincoln &quot;the heir of the aspirations of John Brown&quot;. On August 6, 1863, Garibaldi write to Lincoln say: &quot;Posterity go call you the great emancipator, better title than any crown fit be, and bigger than any earthly treasure&lt;ref&gt;Mack Smith, p. 72&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; 

Mayor Abel Haywood, wey represent workers from Manchester, England, write to Lincoln talk say, &quot;We dey honor you for all the correct steps wey you dey take to show say you believe in wetin your great founders talk: 'All men be free and equa&lt;ref&gt;Quoted in {{cite book|author=James Lander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QaTnoZ_uYlUC&amp;pg=PA221|title=Lincoln and Darwin: Shared Visions of Race, Science, and Religion|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780809329908|page=221}}&lt;/ref&gt;l.'&quot; The Emancipation Proclamation help cool tension with Europe about the North's war matter, plus the recent Southern attack wey fail for Antietam, come make e clear say no chance for Confederacy to get foreign military help for the war.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Kevin Phillips |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tsir90xfo4C&amp;pg=PA493 |title=The Cousins' Wars: Religion, Politics, Civil Warfare, And The Triumph Of Anglo-America |publisher=Basic Books |year=2000 |isbn=9780465013708 |page=493}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

But still, even with the Emancipation Proclamation, arms sales to the Confederacy through blockade running, from British companies and dealers, still dey happen, with the British government sabi am.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Edward Hawkins Sisson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BL2AwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=blockade+running+Britain+1863+Emancipation+Proclamation&amp;pg=PA1169|title=America the Great|date=June 22, 2014|publisher=Edward Sisson|page=1169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Confederacy fit hold the war for two more years mostly because British blockade runners dey supply dem weapons. As dem dey run, e cause 400,000 more soldiers and civilians for both sides to die..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/historians-reveal-secrets-of-uk-gunrunning-which-lengthened-the-american-civil-war-by-two-years-9557937.html|title=Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years|author=David Keys|date=24 June 2014|work=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Paul Hendren |date=April 1933 |title=The Confederate Blockade Runners |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1933/april/confederate-blockade-runners |publisher=United States Naval Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter G. Tsouras |date=March 11, 2011 |title=American Civil War viewpoints: It was British arms that sustained the Confederacy |url=https://www.military-history.org/blog/it-was-british-arms-that-sustained-the-confederacy-during-the-american-civil-war-peter-tsouras.htm |publisher=Military History Matters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NJGT&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |author=Beau Cleland |title=Between King Cotton and Queen Victoria: Confederate Informal Diplomacy and Privatized Violence in British America During the American Civil War |publisher=University of Calgary |url=https://prism.ucalgary.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/fce3cc3a-b506-4cf1-a42b-4f939db75ac5/content#page=14 |page=2 |quote=British resources were, in fact, essential to the rebellion’s survival. In the face of a blockade that after 1861 made direct imports nearly impossible, the overwhelming majority of the arms and supplies that the Confederacy received from abroad passed through British colonies en route from Europe, usually on British-flagged ships, consigned to British merchants, and paid for with cotton that followed the same path out of Southern ports. Without the advantage provided by British (and to a far lesser extent, Spanish) colonies, the Confederacy had no prayer of military victory. The colonies were unsinkable, unassailable refuges in an enemy-controlled sea.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gettysburg Address ==
Lincoln talk the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, wey e show small small about the Proclamation and how e wan end slavery as war goal with di phrase &quot;new birth of freedom&quot;. Di Proclamation really help Lincoln for gain support from di fast growing abolitionist people for di Republican Party and make sure say dem no go block am for 1864 renomination.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union: vol. 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863) ==
For December 1863, Lincoln drop di Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, wey talk how di rebel states fit repair dem relationship with di Union. Di main points be say di states go accept di Emancipation Proclamation and grant freedom to dem slaves, and accept di Confiscation Acts, plus di Act wey dey ban slavery for United States territories.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Richter|first=William L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fa2_G9yaX38C&amp;q=proclamation%2520of%2520amnesty%2520and%2520reconstruction&amp;pg=PA479|title=The A to Z of the Civil War and Reconstruction|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=9780810863361|pages=479–480|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|thumb|Dis Ambrotype be picture of African American woman wey hold flag, dem talk say she be washerwoman for Union soldiers wey dey stay outside Richmond, Virginia (Smithsonian 2005.0002.01)]]
As war dem dey finish, abolitionists dey fear say di Emancipation Proclamation go just be war tactics, wetin Lincoln wan make happen, and e no go fit hold once dem stop fight. Dem dey vex say dem wan secure freedom for all di slaves, no be only di ones wey Emancipation Proclamation go free. So, Lincoln put plenty for im 1864 presidential campaign for di constitutional amendment wey go ban slavery for di whole U.S. Lincoln campaign get boost from votes for Maryland and Missouri wey wan end slavery for dia states. Maryland new constitution wey ban slavery start work on November 1, 1864&lt;ref&gt;White, Jonathan W., &quot;Achieving Emancipation in Maryland,&quot; in ''The Civil War in Maryland Reconsidered'', edited by Charles W. Mitchell and Jean H. Baker, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2021, p. 249.&lt;/ref&gt;. Slavery for Missouri end on January 11, 1865, when dem gather for state convention approve di law wey go end slavery by 60-4 vote,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Missouri|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010471356|title=Journal of the Missouri state convention, held at the city of St. Louis January 6-April 10, 1865|date=1865|publisher=Missouri Democrat|location=St. Louis|pages=25–26|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and that same day Governor Thomas C. Fletcher drop im own 'Proclamation of Freedom.'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fletcher|first1=Thomas C.|url=https://archive.org/details/missourisjubilee00flet|title=Missouri's Jubilee|date=1865|publisher=W. A. Curry, Public Printer|location=Jefferson City, MO|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As Lincoln win re-election, im push di lame duck 38th Congress make dem pass di proposed amendment sharp-sharp instead of waiting for di new 39th Congress. For January 1865, Congress send di Thirteenth Amendment wey go ban slavery for all U.S. states and areas, except as punishment for crime, go di state legislatures for dem to ratify. Di amendment get enough states wey ratify am by December 6, 1865, and dem announce am 12 days later. Dem say around 40,000 slaves dey for Kentucky and 1,000 for Delaware wey dem free then.&lt;ref name=&quot;1860Census&quot;&gt;{{cite web|year=1860|title=Census, Son of the South|url=http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|publisher=sonofthesouth.net|access-date=2025-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821141608/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|archive-date=2008-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Critiques ==
More gist: Abraham Lincoln and slavery

Dem say Lincoln’s proclamation be one of di most radical freedom moves wey don happen for di modern world&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|last=Hahn|first=Steven|date=2011-01-13|title=Discovering Equality|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/81377/lincoln-slavery-fiery-trial-review|magazine=The New Republic|issn=0028-6583}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But as time dey go, America still dey do black people anyhow, so people begin dey doubt Lincoln and di Emancipation Proclamation. One person wey attack am be Lerone Bennett for him book Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream (2000), wey talk say Lincoln be white supremacist wey just issue di Proclamation instead of real changes wey di radical abolitionists dey fight for. But one review talk say &quot;Few Civil War scholars dey take Bennett and DiLorenzo serious, dem dey point out dia small political agenda and faulty research.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Dirck |first=Brian |date=September 2009 |title=''Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery'', and ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'', and ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/315139 |journal=Civil War History |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=382–385 |doi=10.1353/cwh.0.0090 |s2cid=143986160 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For him book Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Allen C. Guelzo observe say professional historians no too respect di document well, as e don collect small major scholarly studies. E talk say Lincoln be di U.S.'s &quot;last Enlightenment politician&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; and because of dat he get &quot;loyalty to 'reason, cold, calculating, unimpassioned reason'.... But di most important political virtue wey Enlightenment give Lincoln, and di Proclamation, na prudence&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Some other historians dey give Lincoln more props for wetin e do towards ending slavery and how e grow for political and moral status. Maybe more for happen if dem no kill am. As Eric Foner talk:&lt;ref&gt;Doris Kearns Goodwin, ''Team of Rivals'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln no be abolitionist or Radical Republican, Bennett dey remind us plenty times. E no like immediate abolition before war start, and he get some racist ideas wey people get for him time. But this guy dey believe say slavery no be correct, and during Civil War, e show say he fit grow for moral and political matter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Foner|first=Eric|date=April 9, 2000|title=''Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream'' by Lerone Bennett, Jr.|url=http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041027065400/http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|archive-date=2004-10-27|publisher=Los Angeles Times Book Review}} (book review)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Kal Ashraf talk say: 

Maybe if we no dey see am as Lincoln be lone fighter against collective freedom fighters, we go fit sabi say dem fit work together well. True talk: flawed and racist Lincoln still do something wey be heroic, no be say e do am alone, but e dey power by collective effort. To call am 'Great Emancipator' fit make we forget wetin him actions mean. How him be as person, no be anybody fit really sabi. So the version of Lincoln we dey hold, na the same version we dey create.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Kal |date=March 2013 |title='Editorial', American Studies in Britain |url=https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623212050/https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=2013-03-28 |series=(108: Spring 2013) |publisher=British Association for American Studies |issn=1465-9956 |p=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Legacy for civil rights era ==

=== Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ===
[[File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010]]
President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. talk plenty about Emancipation Proclamation during civil rights movement. E even get one address wey him do for New York City on September 12, 1962, wey him talk say the Proclamation dey beside the Declaration of Independence as one “imperishable” gift to civilization. E add say, 'All tyrants, past, present and future, no fit bury the truth wey dey inside these declarations....' Him dey lament say even though United States “they proudly talk the basic principles wey dey both documents,” e dey “sadly practice the opposite of these principles.” Him conclude say, “The only way we fit celebrate the Emancipation Proclamation be to make the freedom wey e declare real; to go back to di origin of our nation when we message of equality shine light for unfree world, and to reaffirm democracy by action wey bold and daring like the Emancipation Proclamation issuance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.|title=Dr. Martin Luther King on the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://home.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/mlk-ep.htm|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

” King's most popular talk wey concern Emancipation Proclamation na for speech wey him give from Lincoln Memorial steps at di 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (we dey call am di “I Have a Dream” speech). King start di speech with say “Five score years ago, one big American, inside whose shadow we dey stand, sign di Emancipation Proclamation. Dis important decree come like big beacon light of hope for plenty Negro slaves wey don dey suffer for injustice. E come like joyful daybreak to end di long night of dem captivity. But one hundred years later, we go face di tragic truth say di Negro still no dey free. One hundred years later, di life of di Negro still dey suffer from di chains of segregation and di manacles of discrimination.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.|date=August 28, 1963|title=I Have A Dream|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723170458/http://thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|archive-date=July 23, 2014|access-date=August 29, 2013|publisher=The King Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== De &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot; ===
Main article: Second Emancipation Proclamation

For di early 1960s, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and him guys call President John F. Kennedy make e sidestep di Southern segregationist wey dey cause wahala for di Congress. Dem wan make him issue executive order wey go end di segregation&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crmvet.org/info/emancip2.htm Draft of Second Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis paper wey dem get in mind na di &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot;. But Kennedy no follow through; e no issue di second Emancipation Proclamation and e dey avoid all di centennial celebration wey dey show say emancipation don happen. Historian David W. Blight talk say, even though di idea of executive order as second Emancipation Proclamation don almost vanish, di manifesto wey King and him boys create call for di executive order show say him sabi di American politics well and how moral leadership fit influence di American people through executive order. Although e no fit push for second Emancipation Proclamation from di White House, e still important say make dem try fight di structured forgetting of emancipation wey dey hidden for Civil War memory.&lt;ref&gt;Blight, David W. and Allison Scharfstein, &quot;King's Forgotten Manifesto&quot;. ''The New York Times'', May 16, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President John F. Kennedy ===
On June 11, 1963, President Kennedy talk for national television about civil rights. Kennedy wey some activists dey fit call timid remind di people say two black students don peacefully enter University of Alabama with help from di National Guard, even as Governor George Wallace dey oppose am. John Kennedy call am &quot;moral issue.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Invoking di centennial of di Emancipation Proclamation him talk, 

One hundred years now pass since President Lincoln free slaves, but their pikin dem, their grandsons, still no dey free. Dem still dey suffer from injustice. Dem still dey under social and economic wahala. And dis Na­tion, wey get all di dreams and big talk, go no fit dey fully free until all di people dey free. We dey shout freedom for everywhere, and we mean am, and we hold our freedom tight for home, but wetin we go tell di world, and more importantly, to ourselves say dis na land of di free except for Negroes; say we no get second-class citizens except Negroes; say we no get class or caste system, no ghettoes, no master race except with respect to Negroes? E don reach time for dis Nation to do wetin dem promise. Di wahala for Birmingham and everywhere don make di call for equality loud enough wey no city or State or law-making body fit ignore am. For di same speech, Kennedy talk say e go bring plenty civil rights bill come inside United States Congress, and e really do am one week later. Kennedy dey push for am make dem pass until dem kill am for November 22, 1963. Historian Peniel E. Joseph sabi say how Lyndon Johnson fit take dat bill, di Civil Rights Act of 1964, sign am into law for July 2, 1964, na because of di strong moral vibe wey dey for di June 11 speech, wey change di story of civil rights from one local matter to national gist wey dey promote racial equality and democratic fresh start.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President Lyndon B. Johnson ===
As civil rights movement dey hot for 1960s, Lyndon B. Johnson bring Emancipation Proclamation come front, say e be promise we never fully fulfill yet. As vice president, for Gettysburg on May 30, 1963 (Memorial Day), during 100 years anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation, Johnson connect am straight with civil rights wahala wey dey happen, him talk say &quot;One hundred years ago, dem free slave. One hundred years later, Negro still dey suffer because of him skin color.... For this time, na no be our races wey dey at stake—na our nation. Make all wey care for obodo step up, North and South, white and Negro, make dem show way through this hard time.... Until justice no dey see color, until education no dey check race, until opportunity no dey care about men skin color, emancipation go just dey be talk but no be reality. As long as we no fulfill the proclamation of emancipation, we go still dey fall short for freedom for all wey suppose be free.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 30, 1963|title=Remarks of Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson|url=http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329112921/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|archive-date=March 29, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As president, Johnson still bring the proclamation come again for speech wey e talk about Voting Rights Act for Congress on March 15, 1965. Na one week after violence don meet peaceful civil rights marchers during Selma to Montgomery march. Johnson talk say &quot;no be only Negroes, na all of us, wey need to better pass bigotry and injustice. And we go overcome. I be man wey roots dey deep for Southern soil, I sabi how race matter fit dey pain. I sabi how hard e fit be to change our society structure and attitude. But na century don pass—more than 100 years—since dem free Negro. And e no fully free tonight. E don pass 100 years since Abraham Lincoln—one big President from another party—sign Emancipation Proclamation. But emancipation na just talk, no be reality. E don pass century—more than 100 years—since dem promise equality, but the Negro still no get am. E don long since the day dem promise, and di promise still dey ground. Now na di time for justice don show, and I go tell you say I truly believe say no force fit stop am. E go shine for di eye of man and God say e gatz come, and when e show, dat day go bright each American life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Lyndon B. Johnson|date=March 15, 1965|title=We Shall Overcome|url=http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/johnson.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Insyd popular culture ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_1963_U.S._stamp.1.jpg|thumb|U.S. commemorative stamp, 1963&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Insyd de 1963 episode of ''The Andy Griffith Show'', &quot;Andy Discovers America&quot;, Andy dey biz Barney make he explain de Emancipation Proclamation to Opie wey dey struggle plus history at school.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Episode Guide|url=http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113044056/http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|archive-date=November 13, 2013|work=TV Land}}&lt;/ref&gt; Barney dey brag about ein history expertise, yet e be apparent he no fi answer Andy ein question. He finally cam turn frustrated wey he explain am say ebe a proclamation give certain people wey want emancipation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Barney Fife Explains The Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101174953/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58&amp;gl=US&amp;hl=en|archive-date=2013-01-01|work=Episode clip, The Andy Griffith Show|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, na de Emancipation Proclamation sanso be a main item of discussion insyd de movie ''Lincoln'' (2012) wey Steven Spielberg direct.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=A. O.|date=2012-11-08|title=A President Engaged in a Great Civil War|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-06-01|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation dey celebrate all over di world, even for stamp wey nations like Republic of Togo dey use&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://postalmuseum.si.edu/object/npm_2009.2004.1 .5fr Centenary of the Emancipation Proclamation]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;. Di United States mark am for August 16, 1963, di first day for di Century of Negro Progress Exhibition for Chicago, Illinois. Na Georg Olden design am, di first printing wey dem approve na 120 million stamps.&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue2&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Check dem too ==

* [[:en:District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act|District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act]]
* [[:en:1866_Georgia_State_Freedmen's_Conventions|1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions]]
* [[:en:Juneteenth|Juneteenth]] emancipation in Texas
* [[:en:Abolition_of_slavery_timeline|Abolition of slavery timeline]]
* [[:en:Act_Prohibiting_the_Return_of_Slaves|Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves]] – 1862 statute
* [[:en:Confiscation_Acts|Confiscation Acts]]
* [[:en:Contraband_(American_Civil_War)|Contraband (American Civil War)]]
* ''[[:en:Emancipation_Memorial|Emancipation Memorial]]'' – a sculpture in Washington, D.C., completed in 1876
* [[:en:Emancipation_reform_of_1861|Emancipation reform of 1861]] – Russia
* [[:en:Lieber_Code#Black_prisoners_of_war|Lieber Code]]
* [[:en:Reconstruction_Amendments|Reconstruction Amendments]] – amendments added to the Constitution after 1863
* [[:en:Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833|Slavery Abolition Act 1833]] – an act passed by the British parliament abolishing slavery in British colonies with compensation to the owners
* [[:en:Slave_Trade_Act|Slave Trade Acts]]
* [[:en:Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] – 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
* [[:en:Timeline_of_the_civil_rights_movement|Timeline of the civil rights movement]]
* [[:en:War_Governors'_Conference|War Governors' Conference]] – gave Lincoln the much needed political support to issue the Proclamation

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=Foner |first1=Eric |author-link= |title=The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/fierytrialabraha0000fone |date=2010 |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-06618-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|author-link=|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-9965-7}}
===Primary sources===
* C. Peter Ripley, Roy E. Finkenbine, Michael F. Hembree, Donald Yacovone, editors, ''Witness for Freedom: African American Voices on Race, Slavery, and Emancipation'' (1993) {{ISBN|0807820725}}

==Read further==
* Belz, Herman. ''Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era'' (1978) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110816095105/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 Archived] August 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
* Biddle, Daniel R., and Murray Dubin. &quot;'God Is Settling the Account': African American Reaction to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' (Jan. 2013) 137#1 57–78.
* Blackiston, Harry S. &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Plan.&quot; ''Journal of Negro History'' 7, no. 3 (1922): 257–277.
* Blair, William A. and Younger, Karen Fisher, eds. ''Lincoln's Proclamation: Emancipation Reconsidered'' (The University of North Carolina Press, 2009) {{ISBN|978-0-8078-3316-2}} [https://www.fedbar.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/bookreviews-MA2010-pdf-1.pdf Review]
* Carnahan, Burrus M. ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'' (The University Press of Kentucky, 2007) {{ISBN|978-0-8131-2463-6}}
* Crowther, Edward R. &quot;Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in ''Encyclopedia of the American Civil War.'' Heidler, David S. and Heidler, Jeanne T. (2000) {{ISBN|0-393-04758-X}}
* Chambers Jr., Henry L. &quot;Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation, and Executive Power.&quot; ''Maryland Law Review'' 73 (2013): 100+ [http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3599&amp;context=mlr online]

* Ewan, Christopher. &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation and British Public Opinion&quot; ''The Historian'', Vol. 67, 2005
* Franklin, John Hope. ''The Emancipation Proclamation'' (1963) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120726125512/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 Archived] July 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Guelzo, Allen C. [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0025.103/--how-abe-lincoln-lost-the-black-vote-lincoln-and-emancipation?rgn=main;view=fulltext &quot;How Abe Lincoln Lost the Black Vote: Lincoln and Emancipation in the African American Mind&quot;], ''Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association'' (2004) 25#1
* Harold Holzer, Edna Greene Medford, and Frank J. Williams. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: Three Views'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2006) {{ISBN|0-8071-3144-X}}
* Harold Holzer. ''Emancipating Lincoln: The Proclamation in Text, Context, and Memory'' (Harvard University Press, 2012) {{ISBN|978-0-674-06440-9}}
* Jones, Howard. ''Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War'' (1999) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120627151852/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 Archived] June 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Mitch Kachun, ''Festivals of Freedom: Memory and Meaning in African American Emancipation Celebrations, 1808–1915'' (2003)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311070211/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Archived] March 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

* Kennon, Donald R. and Paul Finkelman, eds. ''Lincoln, Congress, and Emancipation'' (Ohio University Press, 2016)
* Kolchin, Peter, &quot;Reexamining Southern Emancipation in Comparative Perspective,&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'', 81#1 (Feb. 2015), 7–40.
* Litwack, Leon F. ''Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery'' (1979), social history of the end of slavery in the Confederacy
* Mack Smith, Denis, ''Garibaldi'' (Great Lives Observed). (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1969)
* McPherson, James M. ''Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction'' (2001 [3rd ed.]), esp. pp.&amp;nbsp;316–321.
* Masur, Louis P. ''Lincoln's Hundred Days: The Emancipation Proclamation and the War for the Union'' (Harvard University Press, 2012)
* Nevins, Allan. ''Ordeal of the Union: vol 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960)
* Oakes, James. ''Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865'' (W. W. Norton &amp; Co., 2013) {{ISBN|978-0-393-06531-2}}

* Siddali, Silvana R. ''From Property to Person: Slavery and the Confiscation Acts, 1861–1862'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2005) {{ISBN|0807130427}}
* Stauffer, John. ''Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln'' (Twelve, 2008) {{ISBN|978-0-446-58009-0}}
* Syrett, John. ''Civil War Confiscation Acts: Failing to Reconstruct the South'' (2005)
* Trefousse, Hans L., et al., edited by Harold M. Hyman. ''Lincoln's Decision for Emancipation'' (J. B. Lippincott &amp; Co., 1975) {{ISBN|0-397-47336-2}}
* Tsesis, Alexander. ''We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law'' (2008)
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Vorenberg, Michael. ''Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120525054940/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Archived] May 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Vorenberg, Michael, ed. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: A Brief History with Documents'' (2010), primary and secondary sources
==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q391358|c=Category:Emancipation Proclamation|n=no|b=no|v=Analysis of the Emancipation Proclamation|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=The Emancipation Proclamation|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r A zoomable image of the Leland-Boker authorized edition of the Emancipation Proclamation held by the British Library] [https://web.archive.org/web/20111208030144/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r Archived] December 8. 2011. at the Wayback Machine
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101122161527/http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=290 Lesson plan on Emancipation Proclamation from EDSITEment NEH]
* [https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation Text and images of the Emancipation Proclamation from the National Archives]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210000843/http://abrahamlincoln200.org/for-kids/lincoln-coloring-book.aspx Online Lincoln Coloring Book for Teachers and Students]
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/EmanProc.html Emancipation Proclamation and related resources at the Library of Congress]
* [http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Emancipation Proclamation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080623225840/http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Archived] June 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
* First Edition [https://web.archive.org/web/20080807130329/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/october/emancipation-proclamation.htm Emancipation Proclamation] in 1862 ''Harper's Weekly''

* [http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War] [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Archived] October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
* [http://www.americanabolitionists.com/lincoln-chronology-on-slavery-and-emancipation.html American Abolitionists and Antislavery Activists], chronology of Abraham Lincoln and emancipation
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030114103859/http://www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/hus-emancproc.htm &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;]
* [http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/ep/ Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation at the New York State Library] – images and transcript of Lincoln's original manuscript of the preliminary proclamation
* [http://humorinamerica.wordpress.com/2013/02/21/in-the-archives-lincoln-diversion-1862/ The role of humor in presenting the Proclamation to Lincoln's Cabinet]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1865/06/16/news/emancipation-proclamation-interesting-sketch-its-history-artist-carpenter.html?scp=32&amp;sq=emancipation+proclamation&amp;st=p&amp;pagewanted=all 1865 ''NY Times'' article] – Sketch of its History by Lincoln's portrait artist
* [http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Webcast Discussion] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130704053926/https://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Archived] July 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine with Pulitzer Prize-winning author James McPherson and James Cornelius, Curator of the Lincoln Collection in the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum about the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation
{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:Works about American slavery]]
[[Category:1863 insyd American politics]]
[[Category:1862 documents]]
[[Category:United States presidential directives]]
[[Category:United States executive orders]]
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      <text bytes="114601" sha1="h95j1lt379gh42np01hqkskcbmsy937" xml:space="preserve">== Ze CHase proclamation ==
{{Databox}}De '''Emancipation Proclamation''', officially '''Proclamation 95''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;Proclamation 95—Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation] | The American Presidency Project&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]. ''presidency.ucsb.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211218125054/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united Archived] from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Harward|first1=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;pg=PA228|title=The Presidency in Times of Crisis and Disaster: Primary Documents in Context|date=2020|publisher=ABC-Clio|isbn=978-1-44-087088-0|location=Santa Barbara, California|page=228|access-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423211358/https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA228&amp;lpg=PA228&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=J-N4PHTztQ&amp;sig=ACfU3U0vp68TFMC6MVB_mh6pp3mmTaffGQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxzryaiqv3AhWylIkEHXpHC7cQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=Proclamation%2095%E2%80%94Regarding%20the%20Status%20of%20Slaves%20in%20States%20Engaged%20in%20Rebellion%20Against%20the%20United%20States&amp;f=false|archive-date=April 23, 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e ebe  presidential proclamation den '''executive order''' wey  United States Presido Abraham Lincoln  issue for January 1, 1863, den American Civil War times. Na de Proclamation get de effect of changing de legal status of more dan 3.5 million enslaved African Americans insyd de secessionist Confederate states from enslaved to free. As de slaves escape de control of dema enslavers, either by fleeing to Union lines anaa thru de advance of federal troops, na dem be permanently free. In addition, na de Proclamation allow for den slaves make dem &quot;be received into de armed service of de United States&quot;. Na de Emancipation Proclamation play a significant part insyd de end of slavery insyd de United States.

On September 22, 1862, na Lincoln issue de preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/transcript_preliminary_emancipation.html Text of Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Ein third paragraph dey begin: we was freeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

{{blockquote|That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.}}

On January 1, 1863, na Lincoln issue de final Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html Text of Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Na e state:
{{blockquote|I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do ... order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion, against the United States, the following, to wit:}}

Na Lincoln then list de ten states&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[https://www.nps.gov/anjo/learn/historyculture/johnson-and-tn-emancipation.htm#:~:text=On%20January%201%2C%201863%2C%20Abraham,was%20serving%20as%20Military%20Governor. Eleven states had seceded, but Tennessee was under Union control.]&lt;/ref&gt; still insyd rebellion, wey dey exclude parts of states under Union control, wey he continue:

{{blockquote|I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free.&amp;nbsp;... [S]uch persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States.&amp;nbsp;... And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.}}Na de proclamation provide dat de executive branch, wey dey include de Army den Navy, &quot;go recognize den maintain de freedom of said persons&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Dirck|first=Brian R.|url=https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc|title=The Executive Branch of Federal Government: People, Process, and Politics|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1851097913|page=[https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc/page/102 102]|quote=The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order, itself a rather unusual thing in those days. Executive orders are simply presidential directives issued to agents of the executive department by its boss.|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even though na e exclude states wey no dey insyd rebellion, as well as parts of Louisiana den Virginia under Union control,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Davis|first=Kenneth C.|title=Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned|url=https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2003|isbn=978-0-06-008381-6|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0/page/228 227]–228|author-link=}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e still apply to more dan 3.5&amp;nbsp;million of de 4&amp;nbsp;million enslaved people insyd de country. Na dem immediately emancipate around 25,000 to 75,000 insyd those regions of de Confederacy wer na de US Army already dey in place. Na dem no fi enforce am insyd de areas still insyd rebellion,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; buh, as na de Union army take control of Confederate regions, na de Proclamation provide de legal framework for de liberation of more dan three den a half million enslaved people insyd those regions by de end of de war. Na de Emancipation Proclamation outrage white Southerners den dema sympathizers, wey na dem see am as de beginning of a race war. Na e energize abolitionists, wey e undermine those Europeans wey na dem want make dem intervene to help de Confederacy.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union, vol. 6: War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960) pp. 231–241, 273&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Proclamation lift de spirits of African Americans, both free den enslaved. Na e encourage chaw make dem escape from slavery den flee toward Union lines, wer na chaw join de Union Army.&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard Jones 1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Howard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVvZb5oeVtwC|title=Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1999|isbn=0-8032-2582-2|page=151}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Emancipation Proclamation cam turn a historic document secof e &quot;go redefine de Civil War, dem turn am [for de North] from a struggle [solely] make e preserve de Union to one [sanso] focused on ending slavery, den set a decisive course for how de nation go be reshaped after dat historic conflict.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 6, 2020|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121234009/https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|archive-date=January 21, 2021|access-date=January 24, 2021|website=History}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem never challenge de Emancipation Proclamation insyd court. Make dem ensure de abolition of slavery insyd all of de U.S., na Lincoln sanso insist dat Reconstruction plans for Southern states require dem make dem enact laws wey dey abolish slavery (wich na occur during de war insyd Tennessee, Arkansas, den Louisiana); na Lincoln encourage border states make dem adopt abolition (wich occur during de war insyd Maryland, Missouri, den West Virginia) wey na dem push for passage of de [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|13th Amendment]]. Na de Senate pass de 13th Amendment by de necessary two-thirds vote on April 8, 1864; na de House of Representatives do so on January 31, 1865; den de required three-fourths of de states ratify am on December 6, 1865. Na de amendment make slavery den involuntary servitude unconstitutional, &quot;except as a punishment for a crime&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment.html|access-date=June 27, 2013|publisher=The Library of Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Authority ==
[[File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|thumb|Abraham Lincoln]]
De United States Constitution wey dem write for 1787 no use the word 'slavery' but e get plenty provisions wey concern unfree persons. The Three-Fifths Compromise (for Article I, Section 2) talk say dem go share congressional representation, and so the number of each state votes for Electoral College go be 'based on the whole Number of free Persons' and 'three-fifths of all other Persons'&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Under the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article IV, Section 2), 'No person held to Service or Labour for one State' no go fit become free if dem run go another place. Article I, Section 9 dey allow Congress make laws wey go stop the 'Importation of Persons', but dem no go fit do am until 1808&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010——16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|p=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E be like for the Fifth Amendment wey talk say, 'No person shall... be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law'—dem see slaves as property&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Even though abolitionists dey use the Fifth Amendment fight slavery, na di same law help Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) fit treat slaves as property.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Slavery dey backed by law and white supremacy culture wey dey everywhere&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;. But between 1777 and 1804, every Northern state dey provide for quick or steady end of slavery. Southern states no do am, and di slave population for di South dey grow, reaching almost four million people as Civil War start, when most slave states wan separate from the US&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010-14-16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=14–16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln accept say Constitution before 1865 dey limit federal government power to stop slavery for peacetime and e commit matter to individual states&lt;ref name=&quot;Mackubin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Mackubin|first=Thomas Owens|date=March 25, 2004|title=The Liberator|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216125903/http://old.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|archive-date=February 16, 2012|work=National Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But during di Civil War, Lincoln drop di Emancipation Proclamation under him authority as 'Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy' as per Article II, section 2 of di US Constitution.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; So, for de Emancipation Proclamation, e talk say e get power to free people wey dem dey hold as slaves for de states wey dey fight back, as e go fit help to stop dat fight. For di first Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln point make we see two laws from 1862, like “An Act to Make an Additional Article of War” and di Confiscation Act of 1862, but for di final one, he no mention any law at all. Di reason wey him fit issue di first and final Proclamation na because him be President and Commander-in-Chief.&lt;ref&gt;Fabrikant, Robert, &quot;Emancipation and the Proclamation: Of Contrabands, Congress, and Lincoln&quot;. ''Howard Law Journal'', vol. 49, no. 2 (2006), p. 369.&lt;/ref&gt; So, Lincoln no get power over di four border states wey no dey fight—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware—so him no mention dem for di Proclamation. Di fifth border place, West Virginia, wey slavery still dey legal but dey try stop am, for January 1863, still be part of di “reorganized” Virginia wey dey under di Union, no be di Confederate Virginia wey dey Richmond.

== Coverage ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|thumb|Di areas wey Emancipation Proclamation cover dey red, di slave-holding areas wey no get cover dey blue.]]
Emancipation Proclamation dey work for ten states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but e no touch the almost 500,000 slaves for the border states (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware) or parts of Virginia and Louisiana wey don calm down. Dem slaves dey free later by state and federal decisions&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-01|title=150 years later, myths persist about the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/01/us/150-years-later-myths-persist-about-the-emancipation-proclamation/index.html|access-date=2022-07-22|website=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Areas wey e cover na Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties wey dey West Virginia, plus Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including Norfolk and Portsmouth cities). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Irwin |first1=Richard Bache |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010407240 |title=Promulgating the Emancipation Proclamation. |last2=Banks |first2=Nathaniel Prentiss |date=1863-01-29 |series=General orders; no. 12 |access-date=2023-07-26 |via=HathiTrust}} &lt;/ref&gt;

Tennessee don already mostly return to Union control, so dem no name am and e dey exempt. Virginia dey name, but dem talk say 48 counties wey dey form new West Virginia get special exemptions, plus seven counties and two cities wey dey Union-controlled Tidewater region for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Freedmen and Southern Society Project|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ|title=Freedom: a documentary history of emancipation 1861–1867 : selected from the holdings of the National Archives of the United States. The destruction of slavery|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1982|isbn=978-0-521-22979-1|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA69 69]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. New Orleans and 13 parishes for Louisiana wey dey mostly under federal control too dey exempt. This exemptions leave another 300,000 slaves wey never free&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=241–242}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Emancipation Proclamation don collect plenty wahala, especially from Richard Hofstadter wey talk say e get all the moral grandeur of a bill of lading and wey say e free all slaves... where e no fit reach.&lt;ref&gt;Hofstadter, Richard, &quot;Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth,&quot; in ''The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It'' (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1948). [[iarchive:americanpolitica00hofs|online]]. Vintage Books edition, March 1989, p. 169.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Similarly, Karl Marx said that the proclamation sounds like [https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1062&amp;context=cwfac &quot;ordinary summonses sent by one lawyer to another on the opposing side&quot;.] Quoted by Allen C. Guelzo. &quot;'Sublime in Its Magnitude': The Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in Holzer, Harold and Sara Vaughn Gabbard, eds., ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment''. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2007, pp. 65-78, quotation at p. 66.&lt;/ref&gt;  No be say I dey disagree with Hofstadter o, but William W. Freehling talk say when Lincoln use him power as Commander-in-Chief drop the proclamation, e no be like person wey dey collect bills but like warrior wey carry new weapon come show&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W., ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War''. Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 118.&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make plenty slaves for Confederate states free as Union armies dey waka enter South, and some slaves dey escape go Union side or slave owners dey run come off, leave slaves behind. E also mean say Union go end slavery and still protect the Union. Even though Emancipation Proclamation help free plenty slaves small by small, e no make slavery illegal. States like Maryland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=November 1, 1864|title=Archives of Maryland Historical List: Constitutional Convention, 1864|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220000817/http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|archive-date=February 20, 2012|access-date=November 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Missouri&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 11, 1865|title=Missouri abolishes slavery|url=http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132518/http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Tennessee&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and West Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey no dey follow the Emancipation Proclamation, don ban slavery before war finish. For 1863, President Lincoln propose plan wey go help rebuild Louisiana wey dem capture&lt;ref&gt;Stauffer (2008), ''Giants'', p. 279&lt;/ref&gt;. Only 10 percent of the voters go swear loyalty. Dem still gatz accept the Emancipation Proclamation and remove slavery from dem new constitution. By December 1864, Lincoln plan dey work no be only for Louisiana but also for Arkansas and Tennessee.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 1995 pp. 38–41&quot;&gt;Peterson (1995), ''Lincoln in American Memory'', pp. 38–41&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McCarthy 1901 p. 76&quot;&gt;McCarthy (1901), ''Lincoln's plan of Reconstruction'', p. 76&lt;/ref&gt;. For Kentucky, Union Army commanders use di offer of freedom from di proclamation to make slaves wey join Army fit free their whole family; because of dis and other reasons, slaves for di state reduce pass 70 percent during di war&lt;ref name=&quot;Harrison&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harrison |first=Lowell H. |year=1983 |title=Slavery in Kentucky: A Civil War Casualty |journal=The Kentucky Review |edition=Fall |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=38–40}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But for Delaware&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Slavery in Delaware|url=http://slavenorth.com/delaware.htm|website=slavenorth.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Kentucky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Lowell Hayes Harrison and James C. Klotter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdTIIEZ1k2QC&amp;q=kentucky+abolishes+slavery&amp;pg=PA174|title=A new history of Kentucky|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1997|isbn=0813126215|page=180}} In 1866, Kentucky refused to ratify the 13th Amendment. It did ratify it in 1976.&lt;/ref&gt;, slavery still dey legal until December 18, 1865, when di Thirteenth Amendment enter ground.

== Background ==

=== Military action prior to emancipation ===
Di Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 say make people return runaway slaves go their owners. For di war, for May 1861, Union general Benjamin Butler talk say three slaves wey run come meet Union soldiers be contraband of war, so e refuse to send dem back, e tell one man wey wan carry dem go back say, &quot;I no dey owe any constitution to foreign country wey Virginia dey claim say na dem.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT_20110411&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|date=April 1, 2011|title=How Slavery Really Ended in America|author=Adam Goodheart|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For May 30, after President Lincoln hold cabinet meeting, &quot;Simon Cameron, di secretary of war, send telegraph give Butler say him contraband policy 'na approved.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 99.&lt;/ref&gt;'&quot; Dis decision cause wahala because e fit mean say dem dey recognize Confederacy as separate, independent sovereign state for international law, somtin wey Lincoln no gree accept. Plus, as contraband, dem dey see these people as &quot;property&quot; when dem cross Union lines, so wetin go happen to dem no clear.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Living Contraband – Former Slaves in the Nation's Capital During the Civil War|url=https://home.nps.gov/cwdw/learn/historyculture/living-contraband-former-slaves-in-the-capital-during-and-after-the-civil-war.htm|access-date=June 29, 2013|work=Civil War Defenses of Washington|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Government sabi how to free people ===
&lt;imagemap&gt;
Image:Emancipation proclamation.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|''[[First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln]]'' by [[Francis Bicknell Carpenter]] (1864) {{Clickable|use cursor to identify.}}|alt=A dark-haired, bearded, middle-aged man holding documents is seated among seven other men.]]

poly 269 892 254 775 193 738 130 723 44 613 19 480 49 453 75 434 58 376 113 344 133 362 143 423 212 531 307 657 357 675 409 876 [[Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin Stanton]]
poly 169 282 172 244 244 201 244 148 265 117 292 125 305 166 304 204 321 235 355 296 374 348 338 395 341 469 [[Salmon P. Chase|Salmon Chase]]
poly 569 893 535 708 427 613 357 562 377 456 393 404 468 351 451 317 473 259 520 256 544 283 530 339 526 374 559 401 594 431 639 494 715 542 692 551 693 579 672 546 623 552 596 617 698 629 680 852 [[Abraham Lincoln]]
poly 692 514 740 441 788 407 772 350 800 303 831 297 861 329 867 381 868 409 913 430 913 471 847 532 816 533 709 533 [[Gideon Welles]]
poly 703 783 752 769 825 627 907 620 929 569 905 538 886 563 833 563 873 502 930 450 1043 407 1043 389 1036 382 1042 363 1058 335 1052 333 1052 324 1081 318 1124 338 1133 374 1116 412 1132 466 1145 509 1117 588 1087 632 1083 706 [[William H. Seward|William Seward]]
poly 905 418 941 328 987 295 995 284 982 244 990 206 1036 207 1046 247 1047 284 1066 312 1071 314 1049 327 1044 354 1033 383 1033 407 921 453 [[Caleb Blood Smith|Caleb Smith]]
poly 1081 308 1102 255 1095 220 1093 181 1109 161 1145 160 1169 191 1153 227 1153 246 1199 268 1230 310 1239 377 1237 443 1220 486 1125 451 1118 412 1136 378 1124 342 [[Montgomery Blair]]
poly 1224 479 1298 416 1304 379 1295 329 1325 310 1360 324 1370 359 1371 385 1371 397 1413 425 1422 497 1440 563 1348 555 1232 517 [[Edward Bates]]
poly 625 555 595 620 699 625 730 550 [[Emancipation Proclamation]]
poly 120 80 120 300 3 300 3 80 [[Simon Cameron|Portrait of Simon Cameron]]
poly 752 196 961 189 948 8 735 10 [[Andrew Jackson|Portrait of Andrew Jackson]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
For December 1861, Lincoln send im first annual message to Congress (dem dey call am State of the Union Address, but back then dem dey write am). Inside, e praise free labor system wey dey respect human rights pass property rights; e support law to fit tackle the matter of contraband slaves and slaves wey dey loyal states, maybe by buying dem freedom with federal money; e also support federal money for voluntary colonization.&lt;ref&gt;[https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-3-1861-first-annual-message December 3, 1861: First Annual Message: Transcript]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147 147–148]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For January 1862, Thaddeus Stevens, wey be Republican leader for House, call for total war against the rebellion to include freeing slaves, talk say if dem free the slaves, e go spoil the rebel economy. On March 13, 1862, Congress approve Act wey no go allow military or naval people for United States return fugitive slaves to their owners.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/artwar.htm &quot;Law Enacting an Additional Article of War&quot; (the official name of the statute).]&lt;/ref&gt;. Following one law wey Lincoln sign, dem abolish slavery for District of Columbia on April 16, 1862, and dem compensate the owners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mann|first=Lina|title=The Complexities of Slavery in the Nation's Capital|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-complexities-of-slavery-in-the-nations-capital|access-date=2020-09-20|website=White House Historical|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

For June 9, 1862, Congress pass bill wey stop slavery for all current and future United States territories (but not for the states), and on June 19, President Lincoln sign am into law. This act clear say the 1857 opinion of Supreme Court wey sey Congress no fit regulate slavery for U.S. territories no be correct. E also reject the idea of popular sovereignty wey Stephen A. Douglas talk for slavery wahala, while e continue the work wey Thomas Jefferson first propose for 1784 to limit slavery inside the existing states..&lt;ref&gt;Montgomery, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A24AAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA428 The Student's American History]'', p. 428 (Ginn &amp; Co. 1897).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Keifer, Joseph. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GBq0gjrfxRgC&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA109 Slavery and Four Years of War]'', p. 109 (Echo Library 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

For August 6, 1861, First Confiscation Act free di slaves wey dey work against di Government and lawful authority of di United States&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/conact1.htm First Confiscation Act]&lt;/ref&gt;. Then on July 17, 1862, Second Confiscation Act come free di slaves wey dey any place wey rebel forces dey and later United States forces go enter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Second Act no be like di First one, e clear say all di slaves wey dey under am go free for life, because section 10 talk say all di slaves wey belong to people wey go dey rebel against di government go free if dem run come inside di army lines; plus any slave wey dem catch or wey desert dem go dey free from di government control; and all di slaves of people wey dey for any place wey rebel forces dey go also be war captives, no go fit be slaves again&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But Lincoln still believe say, even though Congress no fit free di slaves for di rebel states, as commander in chief, e fit do am if e feel say na good military move.&lt;ref&gt;Donald, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fuTY3mxs9awC&amp;q=Second+Confiscation+Act Lincoln]'', p. 365 (Simon and Schuster, 1996)&lt;/ref&gt;. As of summer 1862, Lincoln don draft di early Emancipation Proclamation wey him go drop for September 22, 1862, wey go talk say for January 1, 1863, e go free di slaves for states wey still dey rebel.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== How people dey feel 'bout freedom matter ===
[[File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|thumb|Peter photo wey dem snap for Baton Rouge spring 1863; e dey fly everywhere by abolitionists to show wetin slavery fit do.]]
Abolitionists don dey push Lincoln make he free all slaves for long. For the summer wey be 1862, Republican editor Horace Greeley from New-York Tribune, wey get strong influence, write one big editorial wey call “The Prayer of Twenty Millions” wey dey shout for more action against the Confederacy and make dem free the slaves quick quick: “For this wide earth, Mr. President, no be one intelligent person wey dey support the Union cause wey no dey feel say if dem crush the rebellion today, e go wake again if dem leave slavery strong, and every hour wey dem dey respect slavery na hour wey dey add danger to the Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=second|pages=160–161}}&lt;/ref&gt;”

Lincoln reply for im letter to Horace Greeley on August 22, 1862: If some people go fit save the Union only if dem fit save slavery, I no dey agree with them. If some people no go fit save the Union unless dem destroy slavery, I still no dey agree. My main goal for this fight na to save the Union, no be to save or destroy slavery. If I fit save the Union without freeing any slave, I go do am, and if na by freeing all slaves I go save am, I go do am; and if na by freeing some and leaving others, I go still do that. Wetin I go do about slavery, and the colored people, na because I believe say e go help save the Union; and wetin I no do, I no do am because I no believe say e go help save the Union... I don talk my plan according to wetin I see as my duty; and I no mean say I go change my personal wish wey I don talk plenty times say I wish say all men everywhere fit free.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer talk say Lincoln letter be like: &quot;Greeley no sabi say Lincoln write am after e don draft di first Emancipation Proclamation wey e wan drop after di next Union military victory. So, dis letter, na true, be like say e wan position di coming announcement for saving di Union, no be to free slaves as humanitarian move. E be one of Lincoln most clever public relations move, even if e don create doubt about him sincerity as liberator.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Historian Richard Striner talk say &quot;for many years&quot; people dey misread Lincoln letter as &quot;Lincoln just wan save di Union&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; But according to Striner, for di whole of Lincoln career and how e dey talk about slavery, this be wrong. In fact, Lincoln dey try soft soft di strong Northern white supremacist wey no wan gree with him emancipation by linking am to di cause of di Union. Dis people go fight for di Union but no go want end slavery, so Lincoln find way for dem to do both at di same time.&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. So, e fit don choose di third option wey him mention to Greeley: &quot;free some and leave others&quot;; dat be, free slaves for di states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but leave di ones wey dey border states and Union-occupied areas.

But, as the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation talk make am clear, Lincoln talk say e go suggest to Congress make dem compensate states wey fit &quot;take, immediate or gradual end slavery&quot;. Plus, during the hundred days from September 22, 1862, when e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, to January 1, 1863, when e drop the Final Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln still dey show say him dey consider the first option wey e mention to Greeley — maintain the Union without freeing any slave — still possible. Historian William W. Freehling talk say, &quot;From mid-October to mid-November 1862, e send personal envoys go Louisiana, Tennessee, and Arkansas.&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W. (2001). ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War'', New York: Oxford University Press, p. 111.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, pp. 8-9.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;. Each of dem carry letter from Lincoln wey talk say if people for their state want &quot;avoid the wahala&quot; of the Final Emancipation Proclamation &quot;and get peace again like before&quot; (meaning, with slavery still dey), make dem gather &quot;the largest number wey possible&quot; to vote for &quot;elections for members to Congress of the United States ... wey friendly to their wahala&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;. Later, for him Annual Message to Congress on December 1, 1862, Lincoln propose amendment to U.S. Constitution say any state wey end slavery before January 1, 1900, go collect compensation from U.S. in form of interest-bearing U.S. bonds. If dem accept this amendment, for theory, e fit end the war without really ending slavery, because the amendment talk say, &quot;Any State wey don collect bonds ... and later bring back or allow slavery again, go pay back the United States the bonds wey dem collect, or the value of am, plus all interest wey dem pay on top&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, p. 530.]&lt;/ref&gt;

For him 2014 book wey dem call Lincoln's Gamble, journalist and historian Todd Brewster talk say, Lincoln wan make saving di Union be im only goal for di war, and dat one be key for im legal authority to free di slaves. Since Constitution dey protect slavery, di only way wey he fit free di slaves na as war tactic—no be di main mission&lt;ref name=&quot;Brewster&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Brewster|first=Todd|title=Lincoln's Gamble: The Tumultuous Six Months that Gave America the Emancipation Proclamation and Changed the Course of the Civil War|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew|publisher=Scribner|year=2014|isbn=978-1451693867|page=[https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew/page/59 59]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But e come get risk say, when di war finish, di reason wey he go use to free di slaves go finish too. For late 1862, Lincoln ask im Attorney General, Edward Bates, wetin e go fit do if slaves wey dem free under war proclamation go fit be taken back once di war end. Bates gats wade through di language of Dred Scott decision before e fit give answer, but e finally conclude say dem fit still remain free. Still, for full end of slavery, dem go need constitutional amendment. Dem dey give Lincoln different advice on whether to free di slaves, both for public and private. Thomas Nast be cartoon artist wey dey work during Civil War and late 1800s, dem dey call am &quot;Father of the American Cartoon&quot;. E draw plenty things, including one artwork wey show how people wey dey suffer for slavery move enter civilization when President Lincoln sign the Proclamation. Nast believ say everybody suppose get equal chance, even the enslaved Africans and free blacks. For Chicago on September 7, 1862, plenty people gather for rally wey demand make dem free all slaves sharp sharp. One group wey William W. Patton dey lead go meet the president for White House on September 13. Lincoln talk for peacetime say e no get power wey constitution gree make am free slaves. Even as war power, emancipation no be small risk wey fit cause wahala. Public opinion no too dey support am.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA18 18]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Copperhead Democrats no go gree, and border states no sure how dem go react. Delaware and Maryland dey high for free blacks percentage: 91.2% and 49.7% for 1860.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Kolchin|first=Peter|title=American Slavery: 1619–1877|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542|date=1994|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-1554-2|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542/page/82 82]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Drafting and issuance of the proclamation ==
[[File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Eastman_Johnson|Eastman Johnson]] (American, 1824–1906) – ''[[:en:A_Ride_for_Liberty_–_The_Fugitive_Slaves|A Ride for Liberty – The Fugitive Slaves]]'', {{Circa|1862}}]]
Lincoln first yan the proclamation with him cabinet for July 1862. E draft him first proclamation and read am to Secretary of State William Seward and Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles on July 13. Seward and Welles no fit even talk, but Seward talk say e dey fear say if dem no careful, wahala go fall everywhere for South, and foreign people fit come join. Welles no talk anything. On July 22, Lincoln show am to him whole cabinet as wetin e don decide to do and him ask dem how dem go fit word am&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|year=2002|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/almintr.html|access-date=June 28, 2013|work=Lincoln Papers|publisher=Library of Congress and Knox College}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton back am, but Seward advice say make Lincoln wait make Union fit win major battle before e go drop the proclamation, else e go look like say Union dey shout retreat. But Walter Stahr write say, 'Some sources talk say dem other people dey involved for the delay decision,' and e quote dem&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Doris Kearns |title=Team of Rivals |publisher=Blithedale Productions |year=2005 |location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

For September 1862, the Battle of Antietam give Lincoln the victory wey e need to drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. For the battle, Union lose plenty soldiers pass Confederates and General McClellan allow Robert E. Lee troops to run, but Union forces still push back Confederate invasion for Maryland, chop down more than quarter of Lee army. This one be turning point for the Civil War.&lt;ref&gt;Stahr, Walter, ''Stanton: Lincoln's War Secretary'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2017, p. 226.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|left|thumb|1864 reproduction of the Emancipation Proclamation from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division]]For September 22, 1862, five days after Antietam, as Lincoln dey chill for Soldier's Home, e call im cabinet come meet and drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Preliminary Emacipation Proclamation, 1862|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/preliminary_emancipation_proclamation.html#|website=www.archives.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, Lincoln tell dem say, &quot;I don make one serious promise before God, say if General Lee fit run come from Pennsylvania, I go finish am with the freedom declaration for slaves&lt;ref&gt;McPherson, James M. ''Battle Cry of Freedom'', (1988), p. 557.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Carpenter |first=Frank B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTsl3N7hDpAC&amp;q=six+months+at+the+white+house+carpenter |title=Six Months at the White House |publisher=Applewood Books |year=1866 |isbn=978-1-4290-1527-1 |page=90 |access-date=February 20, 2010}} as reported by Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon Portland Chase, September 22, 1862. Others present used the word ''resolution'' instead of ''vow to God''. Gideon Welles, ''Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy Under Lincoln and Johnson'' (Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1911), 1:143, reported that Lincoln made a covenant with God that if God would change the tide of the war, Lincoln would change his policy toward slavery. See also Nicolas Parrillo, &quot;Lincoln's Calvinist Transformation: Emancipation and War&quot;, ''Civil War History'' (September 1, 2000).&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; Lincoln show im first draft to Vice President Hannibal Hamlin,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=Bangor in Focus: Hannibal Hamlin|url=http://bangorinfo.com/Focus/focus_hannibal_hamlin.html|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=Bangorinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;, wey be serious abolitionist, but dem dey keep am for dark about presidential matter. So, Lincoln drop the final proclamation wey e promise for January 1, 1863. Even though Congress give am authority, Lincoln use im power as Commander-in-Chief of Army and Navy to drop the proclamation as war measure. So, e no be like law wey Congress enact, because Lincoln fit just cancel am if e like. One week after e drop the final Proclamation, Lincoln write to Major General John McClernand: &quot;After dem start fight, I dey try for almost one and half year to manage without touch the 'institution'; but when I finally decide to touch am, I give hundred days notice so all States and people fit turn back as good citizens. Dem choose to ignore am, and I make the proclamation based on wetin I see as military need. Once I don make am, e go stand.” Lincoln still talk say the states wey dey for the proclamation fit “adopt plans for apprenticeship for di colored people, wey go follow wetin dey approved for gradual emancipation; and... dem fit dey almost as okay as if this wahala no happen. E end by beg McClernand say make e no carry this letter go public..”.&lt;ref&gt;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln6/1:84.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext;q1=broken+eggs &quot;The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln]&quot; edited by Roy P. Basler, Volume 6, pp. 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|thumb|One printed paper dey call for men wey get color make dem join U.S. military after dem free slaves in 1863 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).]]
Initially, di Emancipation Proclamation free only small number of slaves, wey be di one wey dey behind Union line for area wey no dey exempted. Plenty slaves still dey behind Confederate line or for exempted Union area. Secretary of State William H. Seward talk say, &quot;We dey show our sympathy with slavery by freeing slaves where we no fit reach dem and keeping dem in bondage where we fit set dem free.&quot; If any slave state fit stop dem secession before January 1, 1863, dem fit keep slavery, at least for small time. Di Proclamation free di slaves only for di South area wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. But as di Union army dey move for di South, slaves dey run go behind dem line, and &quot;shortly after dem issue di Emancipation Proclamation, di Lincoln administration lift di ban on to entice slaves go Union line.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 367.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Dis whole matter help for di destruction of slavery. Di Emancipation Proclamation still allow freed slaves join di United States military. During di war, nearly 200,000 black men, most of dem be ex-slaves, join di Union Army&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Teaching With Documents: The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dem contribution be very important for winning di war. Di Confederacy no allow slaves join dem army as soldier until di last month before dem defeat&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=March 23, 1865|title=Confederate Law Authorizing the Enlistment of Black Soldiers, as Promulgated in a Military Order|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312213532/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|archive-date=March 12, 2012|access-date=April 13, 2012|work=CSA General Orders, No. 14|publisher=Department of History, University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Even though di counties of Virginia wey soon go form West Virginia no dey included for di Proclamation (Jefferson County be di only exception), one condition for di state to join di Union be say dem constitution go provide for gradual abolition of slavery (dem still adopt immediate emancipation for all slaves early 1865). Slaves for di border states of Maryland and Missouri still dey free by separate state action before di Civil War finish. For Maryland, new state constitution wey abolish slavery go take effect on November 1, 1864. Di Union wey dey control eastern Virginia counties plus Louisiana parishes, wey dem no allow under di Proclamation, dem come put state constitution wey make slavery no dey inside April 1864.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitutional Convention, Virginia (1864)|url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Virginia_Convention_of_1864|access-date=October 11, 2016|website=encyclopediavirginia.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/april-1864-civil-war.htm|title=American Civil War April 1864 – History Learning Site|newspaper=History Learning Site|access-date=October 11, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For early 1865, Tennessee come take amend dem constitution wey go stop slavery..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=December 8, 2009|title=Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|archive-date=October 11, 2007|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=TSLA: This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee|url=http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/timelines/timeline_1861-1865.htm|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=State.tn.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Implementation ==
[[File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|right|thumb|The moment the proclamation was signed, portrayed by [[:en:Lee_Lawrie|Lee Lawrie]] in [[:en:Lincoln,_Nebraska|Lincoln, Nebraska]]]]
Di Proclamation come out first in one early version and den final version. Di first one, wey dem issue for September 22, 1862, na early announcement wey show wetin di final one go talk later, wey take effect 100 days after for January 1, 1863, during di second year of di Civil War. Di early Emancipation Proclamation na Abraham Lincoln declaration say all di slaves go free forever for all di areas of di Confederacy wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. Di final Emancipation Proclamation name di ten states wey dey affected (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina). States like Maryland, Delaware, Missouri and Kentucky wey dey for di Union no dey included. Tennessee too no dey named, as Union military government don already set up for Nashville wey na di capital. Dem state specific exemptions for areas wey still dey under Union control on January 1, 1863, like 48 counties wey go soon turn West Virginia, seven other counties for Virginia wey include Berkeley and Hampshire wey go join West Virginia, New Orleans and 13 parishes wey dey around.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2015-10-06|title=Transcript of the Proclamation|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html|access-date=2020-09-20|website=National Archives|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Areas wey Union control for di Confederate states where di proclamation start run sharp sharp by local commanders include Winchester for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;Richard Duncan, Beleaguered Winchester: A Virginia Community at War (Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2007), pp. 139–40&lt;/ref&gt;, Corinth for Mississippi,&lt;ref&gt;Ira Berlin et al., eds., Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861–1867, Vol. 1: The Destruction of Slavery (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 260&lt;/ref&gt;, di Sea Islands along di coasts of di Carolinas and Georgia&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;, Key West for Florida&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Important From Key West&quot;, ''The New York Times'' February 4, 1863, p. 1&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal for South Carolina..&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Immediate impact ===
[[File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|left|thumb|Photo of two pikin wey dem fit don free – around 1870]]
[[File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|thumb|'Scene Wey Dey Happen for Road' from Philadelphia Inquirer reporter (maybe U.H. Painter[1]) wey dey follow Army of Potomac, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864]]
Dis one wey dem dey call &quot;Scene Along the Route&quot; from person wey dey report for Philadelphia Inquirer (maybe na U.H. Painter) wey dey with Potomac Army, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864. On New Year’s Eve for 1862, plenty African Americans – both wey dem don commot and wey still dey suffer – gather for USA to do Watch Night for &quot;Freedom's Eve&quot;, dey wait for midnight wey go bring change&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-19|title=The Historical Legacy of Juneteenth|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/historical-legacy-juneteenth|access-date=2022-06-13|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Some people dey talk say Emancipation Proclamation no free anybody&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=James M. Paradis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pd3HsBXCq94C&amp;pg=PA90|title=African Americans and the Gettysburg Campaign|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2012|isbn=9780810883369|page=90}}&lt;/ref&gt;; historian Lerone Bennett Jr. dey claim say na janja wey dem prepare no be to free anybody.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Kenneth L. Deutsch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-YAbM7YYCIC&amp;pg=PT35|title=Lincoln's American Dream: Clashing Political Perspectives|author2=Joseph Fornieri|publisher=Potomac Books|year=2005|isbn=9781597973908|page=35}}&lt;/ref&gt; But because of dis Proclamation, many slaves don use this war collect their freedom, as e start on the day e take effect; wey people for places like Hilton Head Island, South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;&quot;News from South Carolina: Negro Jubilee at Hilton Head&quot;, ''New York Herald'', January 7, 1863, p. 5&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal, South Carolina&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 22&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; dey celebrate on January 1 as dem hear say dem don get legal freedom. People dey guess the total wey dem free as the Emancipation Proclamation start; one report say 'contraband' for Union-occupied North Carolina na 10,000, and Sea Islands for South Carolina dey plenty too&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=qUTrAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Those+20,000+slaves+were+freed+immediately+by+the+Emancipation+Proclamation.&amp;pg=PA109 Epps, Henry, ''A Concise Chronicle History of African-American People Experience in America'', SCL, 2012, p. 109]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Zone wey Union dey control wey freedom start include eastern North Carolina, Mississippi Valley, northern Alabama, Shenandoah Valley for Virginia, plenty Arkansas, and Sea Islands for Georgia and South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;Harris, &quot;After the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, p. 45&lt;/ref&gt;. Even though some counties for Union-occupied Virginia no follow the Proclamation, lower Shenandoah Valley and Alexandria area dey included.&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP2&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt; Emancipation don start to take effect as Union soldiers dey enter Confederacy. Slaves dey run from their masters and Union soldiers dey help dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Allen C. Guelzo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PT107|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|year=2006|isbn=9781416547952|pages=107–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another side, Robert Gould Shaw write am to him mama on September 25, 1862, &quot;So the 'Proclamation of Emancipation' don finally show face, or better say, e for come first. I dey sure say una dey jolly for am. But me, I no fit see wetin e go do now. Anywhere our army don reach, no slaves dey anymore, and the Proclamation no go free dem where we no fit go.&quot; Ten days later, him write am again, &quot;No think say from wetin I talk before, I dey believe say Mr. Lincoln's 'Emancipation Proclamation' no correct ... but as war measure, I no see d matter wey e go reason now, ... as the slaves no fit free for any way, with Emancipation Act or without.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

Booker T. Washington, as small boy of 9 for Virginia, remember the day for early 1865:&lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

* As the big day dey come closer, plenty song dey burst for the slave quarters pass usual. E dey louder, more sweet, and e dey last well into night. Most of the plantation songs get some freedom vibe.... [S]ome man wey be stranger (a United States officer, I gbadun) make small speech and then read long paper—the Emancipation Proclamation, I think. After di reading, dem tell us say we don free, and fit waka when and where we want. My mama, wey dey by my side, lean down come kiss her pikin dem, while joy tears dey run for her cheeks. She explain wetin everything mean, say this na the day wey she don dey pray for long, but fear say she no go fit see am.[[File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|left|thumb|Winslow Homer 1876 – &quot;A Visit from the Old Mistress&quot; show tension between group of newly freed slaves and their former master – Smithsonian Museum of American Art.]]Runaway slaves wey don escape go Union lines before dey dey hold dem as 'contraband of war' under Confiscation Acts. The Sea Islands wey dey off Georgia coast don already fall to Union Navy for early war. The white people don run go mainland but the black ones dey sit down. Dem start early Reconstruction program for di former slaves, wey get schools and training. Naval officers come read di proclamation for dem, tell dem say dem don free.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman2&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;  Slaves dey part of di 'engine of war' for di Confederacy. Dem dey produce and prepare food; sew uniform; fix railway; work for farms and factories, shipping yards, and mines; build fortifications; and serve as hospital workers and common laborers. News of di Proclamation fly quick through mouth, spark hope for freedom, create confusion, and push plenty people to escape go Union lines..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Goodheart|first=Adam|title=1861: The Civil War Awakening|url=https://archive.org/details/1861civilwarawak0000good|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|year=2011|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; George Washington Albright, one teenage slave for Mississippi, remember say like many of him fellow slaves, him papa don escape join Union forces. According to Albright, plantation owners dey try keep di Proclamation news from slaves, but dem sabi am through grapevine. Di young slave come be 'runner' for one informal group dem dey call 4Ls ('Lincoln's Legal Loyal League'), wey dey carry news of di proclamation go secret slave meetings for plantations all over di region..&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins, Sally, and Stauffer, John. ''The State of Jones''. New York: Anchor Books, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7679-2946-2}}, p. 42.&lt;/ref&gt;  Confederate general Robert E. Lee see di Emancipation Proclamation as way for di Union to increase di number of soldiers dem fit put for di field, making am urgent for di Confederacy to increase dem own numbers too.
After dem sack Fredericksburg, Lee write say, &quot;Di way di enemy dey gather plenty troops and di brutal wahala wey dem don declare, e no go fit give us any choice but to win or suffer pass death. If we wan save di honor of our families from disgrace and our way of life from destruction, make we put all our effort, use all means wey dey available, to fill and keep our army strong, until God go bless us with our independence.&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://cwmemory.com/2011/11/18/robert-e-lee-on-robert-h-milroy-or-emancipation/ &quot;Robert E. Lee on Robert H. Milroy or Emancipation,&quot; ''civil war memory: The Online Home of Kevin M. Levin'', November 18, 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Shelby Foote|title=The Civil War: A Narrative: Fredericksburg to Meridian|publisher=Random House|year=1963|volume=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation be big turn for di war, as e make di North no just wan keep di Union, but also free di slaves.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 10, 2022|title=Emancipation Proclamation (1863)|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/emancipation-proclamation|access-date=13 February 2024|website=National Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Di Proclamation also gather support from abolitionists and Europeans, wey dey push enslaved people to escape go North. Dis one weaken di labor for di South and strong di North ranks..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Immediate Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|access-date=13 February 2024|website=Historical Society of Pennsylvania|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213010125/https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|archive-date=13 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Racism dey dey everywhere, both sides for the wahala, and plenty people for North just support the war to force South make dem stay for Union. The Republican politicians wey promise say the war be for Union restoration, no be about black rights or end slavery, dem opponents talk say na big lies, because of the Proclamation. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen yarn for crowd, &quot;Now my fellow Democrats, I go ask you if you go let dem push you enter wahala against your brothers for the Southern States because of the Negro. My answer be No!&quot; The Copperheads see the Proclamation as clear proof for their matter and the start of their political rise; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say the truth don clear even for &quot;those wey no get sense wey still dey think say the President be conservative and the war be for Union restoration under the Constitution&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Political impact ===
[[File:TRUMP.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TRUMP.JPG|thumb|Abe Lincoln Last Card; Or, Rouge-et-Noir (Red and Black), na cartoon wey John Tenniel draw make e appear for Punch after London Times talk say Lincoln don play him 'last card' when e drop the Proclamation for October 1862. Lincoln hair be sharp, e dey look like horns. Dem dey print dis cartoon well well for Copperhead press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=October 18, 1862|title=Abe Lincoln's Last Card|url=http://www.historygallery.com/prints/PunchLincoln/1862lastcard/1862lastcard.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Mitgang|first=Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQQXbIE--ggC&amp;q=London%20Times%20freeing%20the%20slaves%20Lincoln's%20%22desperate%20last-trump%20card%22&amp;pg=PA236-IA10|title=Abraham Lincoln, a Press Portrait: His Life and Times from the Original Newspaper Documents of the Union, the Confederacy, and Europe|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8232-2062-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]Di Proclamation dem denounce am sharp sharp, Copperhead Democrats wey no gree war and wan make dem bring back di union by allowing slavery. Horatio Seymour wey dey run for New York governor, him talk say di Emancipation Proclamation be call for slaves to dey commit wahala for all di white southerners, him yarn say na &quot;proposal for di butchery of women and children, for scenes of lust and rapine, and of arson and murder, wey go call for civilized Europe to intervene&quot;. Di Copperheads too see di Proclamation as mistake wey dey misuse presidential power. Editor Henry A. Reeves write for Greenport's Republican Watchman say &quot;For di name of freedom for Negroes, [di proclamation] dey put white men liberty for wahala; to test one utopian theory of equality wey Nature, History and Experience dey gree as monster, e dey scatter di Constitution and Civil Laws and set Military Usurpation on top&quot;. 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;Racism dey everywhere for both sides, and plenty people for di North support di war just to force di South to stay for di Union. Di promises of plenty Republican politicians wey talk say di war na to restore di Union and no be about black rights or ending slavery dem mark am as lies by dia opponents, wey use di Proclamation talk am. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen tell crowd, &quot;Now fellow Democrats I go ask you if you wan force yourself enter war against your Britheren of di Southern States for di Negro. I answer No!&quot; Di Copperheads sabi so di Proclamation be proof wey no fit argue for dia side and di start of political rise for dem members; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say di truth don show even to &quot;those stupid thickheaded persons wey dey think say di President na conservative man and di war na for di restoration of di Union under di Constitution.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1862 elections, Democrats chop 28 seats for House plus dem take governorship for New York. Lincoln padi, Orville Hickman Browning, tell am say the Proclamation and suspension of habeas corpus be like disaster for him party, e give Democrats plenty weapons. Lincoln no talk anything back. Copperhead William Jarvis from Connecticut talk say di election be di 'beginning of di end of Abolitionism wahala'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Historians like James M. McPherson and Allan Nevins dey talk say even though di results fit look bad, Lincoln fit still see am as good; his enemies do well only for di areas wey dem sabi best and 'for di national level, wetin dem gain for House na di smallest wey any minority party don get for off-year election wey don pass near a generation. Michigan, California, and Iowa all go Republican... Plus, di Republicans collect five seats for Senate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;' McPherson talk say, 'If di election be referendum on emancipation and how Lincoln dey handle di war, plenty Northern voters support these policies.'&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Confederate response ===
[[File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|thumb|&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)]]
&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)

Di first Confedrate response na anger. Dem see di Proclamation as confirmation of di rebellion and proof say Lincoln for don finish slavery even if di states no come back join di Union. Dis one make di fear of slaves revolting increase and scatter morale, especially di slave owners wey see am as threat to dia business. For one letter wey U.S. Army general Ulysses S. Grant write to President Lincoln for August 1863, e talk say di proclamation wey dey &quot;arm di negro&quot;, plus di &quot;emancipation of di negro, na di heaviest blow dem don give di Confederacy so far.&quot;  Di South dey craze plenty for am and dem dey vex well well&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Grant |first=Ulysses |date=August 23, 1863 |title=Letter to Abraham Lincoln |url=http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503212700/http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |access-date=May 3, 2014 |quote=I have given the subject of arming the Negro my hearty support. This, with the emancipation of the Negro, is the heaviest blow yet given the Confederacy. The South rave a greatdeel about it and profess to be very angry. |location=Cairo, Illinois}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For May 1863, small months after di Proclamation start, di Confederacy pass law wey dem dey demand 'full and ample retaliation' against di U.S. for di matter. Dem talk say black U.S. soldiers wey dem catch while dem dey fight di Confederacy go face court as slave rebels—dis one go fit land dem for serious wahala wey fit end for death. Less than one year after di law pass, di Confederates kill plenty black U.S. soldiers for Fort Pillow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tap|first=Bruce|title=The Fort Pillow Massacre: North, South, and the Status of African Americans in the Civil War Era|date=2013|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

President Jefferson Davis react to di Emancipation Proclamation with fire and for im speech to di Confederate Congress on January 12, im threaten say any U.S. military officer wey dem catch for Confederate ground go face state authority to charge dem for 'exciting servile insurrection', wey be serious matter..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=January 12, 1863: Jefferson Davis responds to the Emancipation Proclamation &amp;#124; the Daily Dose|url=http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113000330/http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|archive-date=January 13, 2023|access-date=January 13, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

General Robert E. Lee call di Proclamation 'savage and brutal policy wey dem don proclaim, wey no go give us any choice but success or disgrace wey fit worse pass death.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095239/https://leefamilyarchive.org/family-papers/letters/letters-1863/9-family-papers/1180-robert-e-lee-to-james-a-seddon-1863-january-10 Lee Family Digital Archive]&lt;/ref&gt;

But some Confederates welcome di Proclamation, cos dem believe say e go make pro-slavery feeling strong for di Confederacy and fit make more white men join di army. One Confederate cavalry sergeant from Kentucky talk say, 'Di Proclamation worth three hundred thousand soldiers to our Government at least... E show wetin dis war come for and di plans of di wicked people wey bring am&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/107 107] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;.' Even some Union soldiers gree with dis talk and dey fear di Proclamation no be on principle, but dem dey worry say e go make di Confederacy fight harder and hold onto slavery. One Union soldier from New York talk say after di Proclamation come out, I sabi well well how di southern people go fight for dem slavery matter, even if e mean say dem go face wahala wey fit finish dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As e be say the Proclamation land, price for slaves for the Confederacy dey rise after dem issue am, one Confederate guy from South Carolina talk for 1865 say, &quot;now be time make Uncle buy some negro women and pikin....&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== International impact ===
The way wey Lincoln wan am, the proclamation change wetin people for foreign land dey think, dem dey support the Union as dem get backing from countries wey no dey like slavery and those wey don already stop am (especially for developed places like UK and France). This change scatter the Confederacy hopes of getting any official recognition&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Robert E. May|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC|title=The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic rim|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-1-55753-061-5|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC&amp;pg=PA29 29–68]|chapter=History and Mythology: The Crisis over British Intervention in the Civil War}}&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make clear say to stop slavery be serious Union goal, e connect support for the South to support for slavery. People for Britain no go fit support slavery. As Henry Adams talk, &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation don do more for us than all our old victories and all our diplomacy.&quot; For Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi call Lincoln &quot;the heir of the aspirations of John Brown&quot;. On August 6, 1863, Garibaldi write to Lincoln say: &quot;Posterity go call you the great emancipator, better title than any crown fit be, and bigger than any earthly treasure&lt;ref&gt;Mack Smith, p. 72&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; 

Mayor Abel Haywood, wey represent workers from Manchester, England, write to Lincoln talk say, &quot;We dey honor you for all the correct steps wey you dey take to show say you believe in wetin your great founders talk: 'All men be free and equa&lt;ref&gt;Quoted in {{cite book|author=James Lander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QaTnoZ_uYlUC&amp;pg=PA221|title=Lincoln and Darwin: Shared Visions of Race, Science, and Religion|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780809329908|page=221}}&lt;/ref&gt;l.'&quot; The Emancipation Proclamation help cool tension with Europe about the North's war matter, plus the recent Southern attack wey fail for Antietam, come make e clear say no chance for Confederacy to get foreign military help for the war.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Kevin Phillips |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tsir90xfo4C&amp;pg=PA493 |title=The Cousins' Wars: Religion, Politics, Civil Warfare, And The Triumph Of Anglo-America |publisher=Basic Books |year=2000 |isbn=9780465013708 |page=493}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

But still, even with the Emancipation Proclamation, arms sales to the Confederacy through blockade running, from British companies and dealers, still dey happen, with the British government sabi am.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Edward Hawkins Sisson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BL2AwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=blockade+running+Britain+1863+Emancipation+Proclamation&amp;pg=PA1169|title=America the Great|date=June 22, 2014|publisher=Edward Sisson|page=1169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Confederacy fit hold the war for two more years mostly because British blockade runners dey supply dem weapons. As dem dey run, e cause 400,000 more soldiers and civilians for both sides to die..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/historians-reveal-secrets-of-uk-gunrunning-which-lengthened-the-american-civil-war-by-two-years-9557937.html|title=Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years|author=David Keys|date=24 June 2014|work=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Paul Hendren |date=April 1933 |title=The Confederate Blockade Runners |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1933/april/confederate-blockade-runners |publisher=United States Naval Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter G. Tsouras |date=March 11, 2011 |title=American Civil War viewpoints: It was British arms that sustained the Confederacy |url=https://www.military-history.org/blog/it-was-british-arms-that-sustained-the-confederacy-during-the-american-civil-war-peter-tsouras.htm |publisher=Military History Matters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NJGT&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |author=Beau Cleland |title=Between King Cotton and Queen Victoria: Confederate Informal Diplomacy and Privatized Violence in British America During the American Civil War |publisher=University of Calgary |url=https://prism.ucalgary.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/fce3cc3a-b506-4cf1-a42b-4f939db75ac5/content#page=14 |page=2 |quote=British resources were, in fact, essential to the rebellion’s survival. In the face of a blockade that after 1861 made direct imports nearly impossible, the overwhelming majority of the arms and supplies that the Confederacy received from abroad passed through British colonies en route from Europe, usually on British-flagged ships, consigned to British merchants, and paid for with cotton that followed the same path out of Southern ports. Without the advantage provided by British (and to a far lesser extent, Spanish) colonies, the Confederacy had no prayer of military victory. The colonies were unsinkable, unassailable refuges in an enemy-controlled sea.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gettysburg Address ==
Lincoln talk the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, wey e show small small about the Proclamation and how e wan end slavery as war goal with di phrase &quot;new birth of freedom&quot;. Di Proclamation really help Lincoln for gain support from di fast growing abolitionist people for di Republican Party and make sure say dem no go block am for 1864 renomination.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union: vol. 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863) ==
For December 1863, Lincoln drop di Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, wey talk how di rebel states fit repair dem relationship with di Union. Di main points be say di states go accept di Emancipation Proclamation and grant freedom to dem slaves, and accept di Confiscation Acts, plus di Act wey dey ban slavery for United States territories.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Richter|first=William L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fa2_G9yaX38C&amp;q=proclamation%2520of%2520amnesty%2520and%2520reconstruction&amp;pg=PA479|title=The A to Z of the Civil War and Reconstruction|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=9780810863361|pages=479–480|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|thumb|Dis Ambrotype be picture of African American woman wey hold flag, dem talk say she be washerwoman for Union soldiers wey dey stay outside Richmond, Virginia (Smithsonian 2005.0002.01)]]
As war dem dey finish, abolitionists dey fear say di Emancipation Proclamation go just be war tactics, wetin Lincoln wan make happen, and e no go fit hold once dem stop fight. Dem dey vex say dem wan secure freedom for all di slaves, no be only di ones wey Emancipation Proclamation go free. So, Lincoln put plenty for im 1864 presidential campaign for di constitutional amendment wey go ban slavery for di whole U.S. Lincoln campaign get boost from votes for Maryland and Missouri wey wan end slavery for dia states. Maryland new constitution wey ban slavery start work on November 1, 1864&lt;ref&gt;White, Jonathan W., &quot;Achieving Emancipation in Maryland,&quot; in ''The Civil War in Maryland Reconsidered'', edited by Charles W. Mitchell and Jean H. Baker, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2021, p. 249.&lt;/ref&gt;. Slavery for Missouri end on January 11, 1865, when dem gather for state convention approve di law wey go end slavery by 60-4 vote,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Missouri|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010471356|title=Journal of the Missouri state convention, held at the city of St. Louis January 6-April 10, 1865|date=1865|publisher=Missouri Democrat|location=St. Louis|pages=25–26|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and that same day Governor Thomas C. Fletcher drop im own 'Proclamation of Freedom.'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fletcher|first1=Thomas C.|url=https://archive.org/details/missourisjubilee00flet|title=Missouri's Jubilee|date=1865|publisher=W. A. Curry, Public Printer|location=Jefferson City, MO|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As Lincoln win re-election, im push di lame duck 38th Congress make dem pass di proposed amendment sharp-sharp instead of waiting for di new 39th Congress. For January 1865, Congress send di Thirteenth Amendment wey go ban slavery for all U.S. states and areas, except as punishment for crime, go di state legislatures for dem to ratify. Di amendment get enough states wey ratify am by December 6, 1865, and dem announce am 12 days later. Dem say around 40,000 slaves dey for Kentucky and 1,000 for Delaware wey dem free then.&lt;ref name=&quot;1860Census&quot;&gt;{{cite web|year=1860|title=Census, Son of the South|url=http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|publisher=sonofthesouth.net|access-date=2025-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821141608/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|archive-date=2008-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Critiques ==
More gist: Abraham Lincoln and slavery

Dem say Lincoln’s proclamation be one of di most radical freedom moves wey don happen for di modern world&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|last=Hahn|first=Steven|date=2011-01-13|title=Discovering Equality|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/81377/lincoln-slavery-fiery-trial-review|magazine=The New Republic|issn=0028-6583}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But as time dey go, America still dey do black people anyhow, so people begin dey doubt Lincoln and di Emancipation Proclamation. One person wey attack am be Lerone Bennett for him book Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream (2000), wey talk say Lincoln be white supremacist wey just issue di Proclamation instead of real changes wey di radical abolitionists dey fight for. But one review talk say &quot;Few Civil War scholars dey take Bennett and DiLorenzo serious, dem dey point out dia small political agenda and faulty research.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Dirck |first=Brian |date=September 2009 |title=''Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery'', and ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'', and ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/315139 |journal=Civil War History |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=382–385 |doi=10.1353/cwh.0.0090 |s2cid=143986160 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For him book Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Allen C. Guelzo observe say professional historians no too respect di document well, as e don collect small major scholarly studies. E talk say Lincoln be di U.S.'s &quot;last Enlightenment politician&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; and because of dat he get &quot;loyalty to 'reason, cold, calculating, unimpassioned reason'.... But di most important political virtue wey Enlightenment give Lincoln, and di Proclamation, na prudence&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Some other historians dey give Lincoln more props for wetin e do towards ending slavery and how e grow for political and moral status. Maybe more for happen if dem no kill am. As Eric Foner talk:&lt;ref&gt;Doris Kearns Goodwin, ''Team of Rivals'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln no be abolitionist or Radical Republican, Bennett dey remind us plenty times. E no like immediate abolition before war start, and he get some racist ideas wey people get for him time. But this guy dey believe say slavery no be correct, and during Civil War, e show say he fit grow for moral and political matter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Foner|first=Eric|date=April 9, 2000|title=''Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream'' by Lerone Bennett, Jr.|url=http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041027065400/http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|archive-date=2004-10-27|publisher=Los Angeles Times Book Review}} (book review)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Kal Ashraf talk say: 

Maybe if we no dey see am as Lincoln be lone fighter against collective freedom fighters, we go fit sabi say dem fit work together well. True talk: flawed and racist Lincoln still do something wey be heroic, no be say e do am alone, but e dey power by collective effort. To call am 'Great Emancipator' fit make we forget wetin him actions mean. How him be as person, no be anybody fit really sabi. So the version of Lincoln we dey hold, na the same version we dey create.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Kal |date=March 2013 |title='Editorial', American Studies in Britain |url=https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623212050/https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=2013-03-28 |series=(108: Spring 2013) |publisher=British Association for American Studies |issn=1465-9956 |p=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Legacy for civil rights era ==

=== Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ===
[[File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010]]
President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. talk plenty about Emancipation Proclamation during civil rights movement. E even get one address wey him do for New York City on September 12, 1962, wey him talk say the Proclamation dey beside the Declaration of Independence as one “imperishable” gift to civilization. E add say, 'All tyrants, past, present and future, no fit bury the truth wey dey inside these declarations....' Him dey lament say even though United States “they proudly talk the basic principles wey dey both documents,” e dey “sadly practice the opposite of these principles.” Him conclude say, “The only way we fit celebrate the Emancipation Proclamation be to make the freedom wey e declare real; to go back to di origin of our nation when we message of equality shine light for unfree world, and to reaffirm democracy by action wey bold and daring like the Emancipation Proclamation issuance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.|title=Dr. Martin Luther King on the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://home.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/mlk-ep.htm|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

” King's most popular talk wey concern Emancipation Proclamation na for speech wey him give from Lincoln Memorial steps at di 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (we dey call am di “I Have a Dream” speech). King start di speech with say “Five score years ago, one big American, inside whose shadow we dey stand, sign di Emancipation Proclamation. Dis important decree come like big beacon light of hope for plenty Negro slaves wey don dey suffer for injustice. E come like joyful daybreak to end di long night of dem captivity. But one hundred years later, we go face di tragic truth say di Negro still no dey free. One hundred years later, di life of di Negro still dey suffer from di chains of segregation and di manacles of discrimination.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.|date=August 28, 1963|title=I Have A Dream|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723170458/http://thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|archive-date=July 23, 2014|access-date=August 29, 2013|publisher=The King Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== De &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot; ===
Main article: Second Emancipation Proclamation

For di early 1960s, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and him guys call President John F. Kennedy make e sidestep di Southern segregationist wey dey cause wahala for di Congress. Dem wan make him issue executive order wey go end di segregation&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crmvet.org/info/emancip2.htm Draft of Second Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis paper wey dem get in mind na di &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot;. But Kennedy no follow through; e no issue di second Emancipation Proclamation and e dey avoid all di centennial celebration wey dey show say emancipation don happen. Historian David W. Blight talk say, even though di idea of executive order as second Emancipation Proclamation don almost vanish, di manifesto wey King and him boys create call for di executive order show say him sabi di American politics well and how moral leadership fit influence di American people through executive order. Although e no fit push for second Emancipation Proclamation from di White House, e still important say make dem try fight di structured forgetting of emancipation wey dey hidden for Civil War memory.&lt;ref&gt;Blight, David W. and Allison Scharfstein, &quot;King's Forgotten Manifesto&quot;. ''The New York Times'', May 16, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President John F. Kennedy ===
On June 11, 1963, President Kennedy talk for national television about civil rights. Kennedy wey some activists dey fit call timid remind di people say two black students don peacefully enter University of Alabama with help from di National Guard, even as Governor George Wallace dey oppose am. John Kennedy call am &quot;moral issue.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Invoking di centennial of di Emancipation Proclamation him talk, 

One hundred years now pass since President Lincoln free slaves, but their pikin dem, their grandsons, still no dey free. Dem still dey suffer from injustice. Dem still dey under social and economic wahala. And dis Na­tion, wey get all di dreams and big talk, go no fit dey fully free until all di people dey free. We dey shout freedom for everywhere, and we mean am, and we hold our freedom tight for home, but wetin we go tell di world, and more importantly, to ourselves say dis na land of di free except for Negroes; say we no get second-class citizens except Negroes; say we no get class or caste system, no ghettoes, no master race except with respect to Negroes? E don reach time for dis Nation to do wetin dem promise. Di wahala for Birmingham and everywhere don make di call for equality loud enough wey no city or State or law-making body fit ignore am. For di same speech, Kennedy talk say e go bring plenty civil rights bill come inside United States Congress, and e really do am one week later. Kennedy dey push for am make dem pass until dem kill am for November 22, 1963. Historian Peniel E. Joseph sabi say how Lyndon Johnson fit take dat bill, di Civil Rights Act of 1964, sign am into law for July 2, 1964, na because of di strong moral vibe wey dey for di June 11 speech, wey change di story of civil rights from one local matter to national gist wey dey promote racial equality and democratic fresh start.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President Lyndon B. Johnson ===
As civil rights movement dey hot for 1960s, Lyndon B. Johnson bring Emancipation Proclamation come front, say e be promise we never fully fulfill yet. As vice president, for Gettysburg on May 30, 1963 (Memorial Day), during 100 years anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation, Johnson connect am straight with civil rights wahala wey dey happen, him talk say &quot;One hundred years ago, dem free slave. One hundred years later, Negro still dey suffer because of him skin color.... For this time, na no be our races wey dey at stake—na our nation. Make all wey care for obodo step up, North and South, white and Negro, make dem show way through this hard time.... Until justice no dey see color, until education no dey check race, until opportunity no dey care about men skin color, emancipation go just dey be talk but no be reality. As long as we no fulfill the proclamation of emancipation, we go still dey fall short for freedom for all wey suppose be free.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 30, 1963|title=Remarks of Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson|url=http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329112921/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|archive-date=March 29, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As president, Johnson still bring the proclamation come again for speech wey e talk about Voting Rights Act for Congress on March 15, 1965. Na one week after violence don meet peaceful civil rights marchers during Selma to Montgomery march. Johnson talk say &quot;no be only Negroes, na all of us, wey need to better pass bigotry and injustice. And we go overcome. I be man wey roots dey deep for Southern soil, I sabi how race matter fit dey pain. I sabi how hard e fit be to change our society structure and attitude. But na century don pass—more than 100 years—since dem free Negro. And e no fully free tonight. E don pass 100 years since Abraham Lincoln—one big President from another party—sign Emancipation Proclamation. But emancipation na just talk, no be reality. E don pass century—more than 100 years—since dem promise equality, but the Negro still no get am. E don long since the day dem promise, and di promise still dey ground. Now na di time for justice don show, and I go tell you say I truly believe say no force fit stop am. E go shine for di eye of man and God say e gatz come, and when e show, dat day go bright each American life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Lyndon B. Johnson|date=March 15, 1965|title=We Shall Overcome|url=http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/johnson.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Insyd popular culture ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_1963_U.S._stamp.1.jpg|thumb|U.S. commemorative stamp, 1963&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Insyd de 1963 episode of ''The Andy Griffith Show'', &quot;Andy Discovers America&quot;, Andy dey biz Barney make he explain de Emancipation Proclamation to Opie wey dey struggle plus history at school.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Episode Guide|url=http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113044056/http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|archive-date=November 13, 2013|work=TV Land}}&lt;/ref&gt; Barney dey brag about ein history expertise, yet e be apparent he no fi answer Andy ein question. He finally cam turn frustrated wey he explain am say ebe a proclamation give certain people wey want emancipation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Barney Fife Explains The Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101174953/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58&amp;gl=US&amp;hl=en|archive-date=2013-01-01|work=Episode clip, The Andy Griffith Show|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, na de Emancipation Proclamation sanso be a main item of discussion insyd de movie ''Lincoln'' (2012) wey Steven Spielberg direct.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=A. O.|date=2012-11-08|title=A President Engaged in a Great Civil War|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-06-01|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation dey celebrate all over di world, even for stamp wey nations like Republic of Togo dey use&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://postalmuseum.si.edu/object/npm_2009.2004.1 .5fr Centenary of the Emancipation Proclamation]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;. Di United States mark am for August 16, 1963, di first day for di Century of Negro Progress Exhibition for Chicago, Illinois. Na Georg Olden design am, di first printing wey dem approve na 120 million stamps.&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue2&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Check dem too ==

* [[:en:District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act|District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act]]
* [[:en:1866_Georgia_State_Freedmen's_Conventions|1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions]]
* [[:en:Juneteenth|Juneteenth]] emancipation in Texas
* [[:en:Abolition_of_slavery_timeline|Abolition of slavery timeline]]
* [[:en:Act_Prohibiting_the_Return_of_Slaves|Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves]] – 1862 statute
* [[:en:Confiscation_Acts|Confiscation Acts]]
* [[:en:Contraband_(American_Civil_War)|Contraband (American Civil War)]]
* ''[[:en:Emancipation_Memorial|Emancipation Memorial]]'' – a sculpture in Washington, D.C., completed in 1876
* [[:en:Emancipation_reform_of_1861|Emancipation reform of 1861]] – Russia
* [[:en:Lieber_Code#Black_prisoners_of_war|Lieber Code]]
* [[:en:Reconstruction_Amendments|Reconstruction Amendments]] – amendments added to the Constitution after 1863
* [[:en:Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833|Slavery Abolition Act 1833]] – an act passed by the British parliament abolishing slavery in British colonies with compensation to the owners
* [[:en:Slave_Trade_Act|Slave Trade Acts]]
* [[:en:Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] – 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
* [[:en:Timeline_of_the_civil_rights_movement|Timeline of the civil rights movement]]
* [[:en:War_Governors'_Conference|War Governors' Conference]] – gave Lincoln the much needed political support to issue the Proclamation

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=Foner |first1=Eric |author-link= |title=The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/fierytrialabraha0000fone |date=2010 |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-06618-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|author-link=|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-9965-7}}
===Primary sources===
* C. Peter Ripley, Roy E. Finkenbine, Michael F. Hembree, Donald Yacovone, editors, ''Witness for Freedom: African American Voices on Race, Slavery, and Emancipation'' (1993) {{ISBN|0807820725}}

==Read further==
* Belz, Herman. ''Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era'' (1978) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110816095105/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 Archived] August 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
* Biddle, Daniel R., and Murray Dubin. &quot;'God Is Settling the Account': African American Reaction to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' (Jan. 2013) 137#1 57–78.
* Blackiston, Harry S. &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Plan.&quot; ''Journal of Negro History'' 7, no. 3 (1922): 257–277.
* Blair, William A. and Younger, Karen Fisher, eds. ''Lincoln's Proclamation: Emancipation Reconsidered'' (The University of North Carolina Press, 2009) {{ISBN|978-0-8078-3316-2}} [https://www.fedbar.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/bookreviews-MA2010-pdf-1.pdf Review]
* Carnahan, Burrus M. ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'' (The University Press of Kentucky, 2007) {{ISBN|978-0-8131-2463-6}}
* Crowther, Edward R. &quot;Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in ''Encyclopedia of the American Civil War.'' Heidler, David S. and Heidler, Jeanne T. (2000) {{ISBN|0-393-04758-X}}
* Chambers Jr., Henry L. &quot;Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation, and Executive Power.&quot; ''Maryland Law Review'' 73 (2013): 100+ [http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3599&amp;context=mlr online]

* Ewan, Christopher. &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation and British Public Opinion&quot; ''The Historian'', Vol. 67, 2005
* Franklin, John Hope. ''The Emancipation Proclamation'' (1963) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120726125512/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 Archived] July 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Guelzo, Allen C. [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0025.103/--how-abe-lincoln-lost-the-black-vote-lincoln-and-emancipation?rgn=main;view=fulltext &quot;How Abe Lincoln Lost the Black Vote: Lincoln and Emancipation in the African American Mind&quot;], ''Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association'' (2004) 25#1
* Harold Holzer, Edna Greene Medford, and Frank J. Williams. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: Three Views'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2006) {{ISBN|0-8071-3144-X}}
* Harold Holzer. ''Emancipating Lincoln: The Proclamation in Text, Context, and Memory'' (Harvard University Press, 2012) {{ISBN|978-0-674-06440-9}}
* Jones, Howard. ''Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War'' (1999) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120627151852/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 Archived] June 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Mitch Kachun, ''Festivals of Freedom: Memory and Meaning in African American Emancipation Celebrations, 1808–1915'' (2003)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311070211/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Archived] March 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

* Kennon, Donald R. and Paul Finkelman, eds. ''Lincoln, Congress, and Emancipation'' (Ohio University Press, 2016)
* Kolchin, Peter, &quot;Reexamining Southern Emancipation in Comparative Perspective,&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'', 81#1 (Feb. 2015), 7–40.
* Litwack, Leon F. ''Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery'' (1979), social history of the end of slavery in the Confederacy
* Mack Smith, Denis, ''Garibaldi'' (Great Lives Observed). (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1969)
* McPherson, James M. ''Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction'' (2001 [3rd ed.]), esp. pp.&amp;nbsp;316–321.
* Masur, Louis P. ''Lincoln's Hundred Days: The Emancipation Proclamation and the War for the Union'' (Harvard University Press, 2012)
* Nevins, Allan. ''Ordeal of the Union: vol 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960)
* Oakes, James. ''Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865'' (W. W. Norton &amp; Co., 2013) {{ISBN|978-0-393-06531-2}}

* Siddali, Silvana R. ''From Property to Person: Slavery and the Confiscation Acts, 1861–1862'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2005) {{ISBN|0807130427}}
* Stauffer, John. ''Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln'' (Twelve, 2008) {{ISBN|978-0-446-58009-0}}
* Syrett, John. ''Civil War Confiscation Acts: Failing to Reconstruct the South'' (2005)
* Trefousse, Hans L., et al., edited by Harold M. Hyman. ''Lincoln's Decision for Emancipation'' (J. B. Lippincott &amp; Co., 1975) {{ISBN|0-397-47336-2}}
* Tsesis, Alexander. ''We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law'' (2008)
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Vorenberg, Michael. ''Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120525054940/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Archived] May 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Vorenberg, Michael, ed. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: A Brief History with Documents'' (2010), primary and secondary sources
==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q391358|c=Category:Emancipation Proclamation|n=no|b=no|v=Analysis of the Emancipation Proclamation|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=The Emancipation Proclamation|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r A zoomable image of the Leland-Boker authorized edition of the Emancipation Proclamation held by the British Library] [https://web.archive.org/web/20111208030144/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r Archived] December 8. 2011. at the Wayback Machine
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101122161527/http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=290 Lesson plan on Emancipation Proclamation from EDSITEment NEH]
* [https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation Text and images of the Emancipation Proclamation from the National Archives]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210000843/http://abrahamlincoln200.org/for-kids/lincoln-coloring-book.aspx Online Lincoln Coloring Book for Teachers and Students]
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/EmanProc.html Emancipation Proclamation and related resources at the Library of Congress]
* [http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Emancipation Proclamation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080623225840/http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Archived] June 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
* First Edition [https://web.archive.org/web/20080807130329/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/october/emancipation-proclamation.htm Emancipation Proclamation] in 1862 ''Harper's Weekly''

* [http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War] [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Archived] October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
* [http://www.americanabolitionists.com/lincoln-chronology-on-slavery-and-emancipation.html American Abolitionists and Antislavery Activists], chronology of Abraham Lincoln and emancipation
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030114103859/http://www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/hus-emancproc.htm &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;]
* [http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/ep/ Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation at the New York State Library] – images and transcript of Lincoln's original manuscript of the preliminary proclamation
* [http://humorinamerica.wordpress.com/2013/02/21/in-the-archives-lincoln-diversion-1862/ The role of humor in presenting the Proclamation to Lincoln's Cabinet]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1865/06/16/news/emancipation-proclamation-interesting-sketch-its-history-artist-carpenter.html?scp=32&amp;sq=emancipation+proclamation&amp;st=p&amp;pagewanted=all 1865 ''NY Times'' article] – Sketch of its History by Lincoln's portrait artist
* [http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Webcast Discussion] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130704053926/https://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Archived] July 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine with Pulitzer Prize-winning author James McPherson and James Cornelius, Curator of the Lincoln Collection in the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum about the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation
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De '''Emancipation Proclamation''', officially '''Proclamation 95''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;Proclamation 95—Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation] | The American Presidency Project&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]. ''presidency.ucsb.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211218125054/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united Archived] from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Harward|first1=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;pg=PA228|title=The Presidency in Times of Crisis and Disaster: Primary Documents in Context|date=2020|publisher=ABC-Clio|isbn=978-1-44-087088-0|location=Santa Barbara, California|page=228|access-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423211358/https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA228&amp;lpg=PA228&amp;dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=J-N4PHTztQ&amp;sig=ACfU3U0vp68TFMC6MVB_mh6pp3mmTaffGQ&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxzryaiqv3AhWylIkEHXpHC7cQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=Proclamation%2095%E2%80%94Regarding%20the%20Status%20of%20Slaves%20in%20States%20Engaged%20in%20Rebellion%20Against%20the%20United%20States&amp;f=false|archive-date=April 23, 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e ebe  presidential proclamation den '''executive order''' wey  United States Presido Abraham Lincoln  issue for January 1, 1863, den American Civil War times. Na de Proclamation get de effect of changing de legal status of more dan 3.5 million enslaved African Americans insyd de secessionist Confederate states from enslaved to free. As de slaves escape de control of dema enslavers, either by fleeing to Union lines anaa thru de advance of federal troops, na dem be permanently free. In addition, na de Proclamation allow for den slaves make dem &quot;be received into de armed service of de United States&quot;. Na de Emancipation Proclamation play a significant part insyd de end of slavery insyd de United States.

On September 22, 1862, na Lincoln issue de preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/transcript_preliminary_emancipation.html Text of Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Ein third paragraph dey begin:

{{blockquote|That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.}}

On January 1, 1863, na Lincoln issue de final Emancipation Proclamation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html Text of Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt; Na e state:
{{blockquote|I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do ... order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion, against the United States, the following, to wit:}}

Na Lincoln then list de ten states&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[https://www.nps.gov/anjo/learn/historyculture/johnson-and-tn-emancipation.htm#:~:text=On%20January%201%2C%201863%2C%20Abraham,was%20serving%20as%20Military%20Governor. Eleven states had seceded, but Tennessee was under Union control.]&lt;/ref&gt; still insyd rebellion, wey dey exclude parts of states under Union control, wey he continue:

{{blockquote|I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free.&amp;nbsp;... [S]uch persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States.&amp;nbsp;... And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.}}Na de proclamation provide dat de executive branch, wey dey include de Army den Navy, &quot;go recognize den maintain de freedom of said persons&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Dirck|first=Brian R.|url=https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc|title=The Executive Branch of Federal Government: People, Process, and Politics|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1851097913|page=[https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc/page/102 102]|quote=The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order, itself a rather unusual thing in those days. Executive orders are simply presidential directives issued to agents of the executive department by its boss.|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even though na e exclude states wey no dey insyd rebellion, as well as parts of Louisiana den Virginia under Union control,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Davis|first=Kenneth C.|title=Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned|url=https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2003|isbn=978-0-06-008381-6|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0/page/228 227]–228|author-link=}}&lt;/ref&gt; na e still apply to more dan 3.5&amp;nbsp;million of de 4&amp;nbsp;million enslaved people insyd de country. Na dem immediately emancipate around 25,000 to 75,000 insyd those regions of de Confederacy wer na de US Army already dey in place. Na dem no fi enforce am insyd de areas still insyd rebellion,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; buh, as na de Union army take control of Confederate regions, na de Proclamation provide de legal framework for de liberation of more dan three den a half million enslaved people insyd those regions by de end of de war. Na de Emancipation Proclamation outrage white Southerners den dema sympathizers, wey na dem see am as de beginning of a race war. Na e energize abolitionists, wey e undermine those Europeans wey na dem want make dem intervene to help de Confederacy.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union, vol. 6: War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960) pp. 231–241, 273&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Proclamation lift de spirits of African Americans, both free den enslaved. Na e encourage chaw make dem escape from slavery den flee toward Union lines, wer na chaw join de Union Army.&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard Jones 1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Howard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVvZb5oeVtwC|title=Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1999|isbn=0-8032-2582-2|page=151}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na de Emancipation Proclamation cam turn a historic document secof e &quot;go redefine de Civil War, dem turn am [for de North] from a struggle [solely] make e preserve de Union to one [sanso] focused on ending slavery, den set a decisive course for how de nation go be reshaped after dat historic conflict.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 6, 2020|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121234009/https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation|archive-date=January 21, 2021|access-date=January 24, 2021|website=History}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na dem never challenge de Emancipation Proclamation insyd court. Make dem ensure de abolition of slavery insyd all of de U.S., na Lincoln sanso insist dat Reconstruction plans for Southern states require dem make dem enact laws wey dey abolish slavery (wich na occur during de war insyd Tennessee, Arkansas, den Louisiana); na Lincoln encourage border states make dem adopt abolition (wich occur during de war insyd Maryland, Missouri, den West Virginia) wey na dem push for passage of de [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|13th Amendment]]. Na de Senate pass de 13th Amendment by de necessary two-thirds vote on April 8, 1864; na de House of Representatives do so on January 31, 1865; den de required three-fourths of de states ratify am on December 6, 1865. Na de amendment make slavery den involuntary servitude unconstitutional, &quot;except as a punishment for a crime&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment.html|access-date=June 27, 2013|publisher=The Library of Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Authority ==
[[File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Abraham_Lincoln_-_overall.jpg|thumb|Abraham Lincoln]]
De United States Constitution wey dem write for 1787 no use the word 'slavery' but e get plenty provisions wey concern unfree persons. The Three-Fifths Compromise (for Article I, Section 2) talk say dem go share congressional representation, and so the number of each state votes for Electoral College go be 'based on the whole Number of free Persons' and 'three-fifths of all other Persons'&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Under the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article IV, Section 2), 'No person held to Service or Labour for one State' no go fit become free if dem run go another place. Article I, Section 9 dey allow Congress make laws wey go stop the 'Importation of Persons', but dem no go fit do am until 1808&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010——16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|p=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. E be like for the Fifth Amendment wey talk say, 'No person shall... be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law'—dem see slaves as property&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;. Even though abolitionists dey use the Fifth Amendment fight slavery, na di same law help Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) fit treat slaves as property.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Slavery dey backed by law and white supremacy culture wey dey everywhere&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;. But between 1777 and 1804, every Northern state dey provide for quick or steady end of slavery. Southern states no do am, and di slave population for di South dey grow, reaching almost four million people as Civil War start, when most slave states wan separate from the US&lt;ref name=&quot;Foner—2010-14-16&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=14–16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln accept say Constitution before 1865 dey limit federal government power to stop slavery for peacetime and e commit matter to individual states&lt;ref name=&quot;Mackubin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Mackubin|first=Thomas Owens|date=March 25, 2004|title=The Liberator|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216125903/http://old.nationalreview.com/books/owens200403251139.asp|archive-date=February 16, 2012|work=National Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But during di Civil War, Lincoln drop di Emancipation Proclamation under him authority as 'Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy' as per Article II, section 2 of di US Constitution.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; So, for de Emancipation Proclamation, e talk say e get power to free people wey dem dey hold as slaves for de states wey dey fight back, as e go fit help to stop dat fight. For di first Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln point make we see two laws from 1862, like “An Act to Make an Additional Article of War” and di Confiscation Act of 1862, but for di final one, he no mention any law at all. Di reason wey him fit issue di first and final Proclamation na because him be President and Commander-in-Chief.&lt;ref&gt;Fabrikant, Robert, &quot;Emancipation and the Proclamation: Of Contrabands, Congress, and Lincoln&quot;. ''Howard Law Journal'', vol. 49, no. 2 (2006), p. 369.&lt;/ref&gt; So, Lincoln no get power over di four border states wey no dey fight—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware—so him no mention dem for di Proclamation. Di fifth border place, West Virginia, wey slavery still dey legal but dey try stop am, for January 1863, still be part of di “reorganized” Virginia wey dey under di Union, no be di Confederate Virginia wey dey Richmond.

== Coverage ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation.PNG|thumb|Di areas wey Emancipation Proclamation cover dey red, di slave-holding areas wey no get cover dey blue.]]
Emancipation Proclamation dey work for ten states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but e no touch the almost 500,000 slaves for the border states (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware) or parts of Virginia and Louisiana wey don calm down. Dem slaves dey free later by state and federal decisions&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-01|title=150 years later, myths persist about the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/01/us/150-years-later-myths-persist-about-the-emancipation-proclamation/index.html|access-date=2022-07-22|website=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Areas wey e cover na Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties wey dey West Virginia, plus Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including Norfolk and Portsmouth cities). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Irwin |first1=Richard Bache |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010407240 |title=Promulgating the Emancipation Proclamation. |last2=Banks |first2=Nathaniel Prentiss |date=1863-01-29 |series=General orders; no. 12 |access-date=2023-07-26 |via=HathiTrust}} &lt;/ref&gt;

Tennessee don already mostly return to Union control, so dem no name am and e dey exempt. Virginia dey name, but dem talk say 48 counties wey dey form new West Virginia get special exemptions, plus seven counties and two cities wey dey Union-controlled Tidewater region for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Freedmen and Southern Society Project|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ|title=Freedom: a documentary history of emancipation 1861–1867 : selected from the holdings of the National Archives of the United States. The destruction of slavery|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1982|isbn=978-0-521-22979-1|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA69 69]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. New Orleans and 13 parishes for Louisiana wey dey mostly under federal control too dey exempt. This exemptions leave another 300,000 slaves wey never free&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Foner|2010|pp=241–242}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Emancipation Proclamation don collect plenty wahala, especially from Richard Hofstadter wey talk say e get all the moral grandeur of a bill of lading and wey say e free all slaves... where e no fit reach.&lt;ref&gt;Hofstadter, Richard, &quot;Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth,&quot; in ''The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It'' (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1948). [[iarchive:americanpolitica00hofs|online]]. Vintage Books edition, March 1989, p. 169.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Similarly, Karl Marx said that the proclamation sounds like [https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1062&amp;context=cwfac &quot;ordinary summonses sent by one lawyer to another on the opposing side&quot;.] Quoted by Allen C. Guelzo. &quot;'Sublime in Its Magnitude': The Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in Holzer, Harold and Sara Vaughn Gabbard, eds., ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment''. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2007, pp. 65-78, quotation at p. 66.&lt;/ref&gt;  No be say I dey disagree with Hofstadter o, but William W. Freehling talk say when Lincoln use him power as Commander-in-Chief drop the proclamation, e no be like person wey dey collect bills but like warrior wey carry new weapon come show&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W., ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War''. Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 118.&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make plenty slaves for Confederate states free as Union armies dey waka enter South, and some slaves dey escape go Union side or slave owners dey run come off, leave slaves behind. E also mean say Union go end slavery and still protect the Union. Even though Emancipation Proclamation help free plenty slaves small by small, e no make slavery illegal. States like Maryland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=November 1, 1864|title=Archives of Maryland Historical List: Constitutional Convention, 1864|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220000817/http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html|archive-date=February 20, 2012|access-date=November 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Missouri&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=January 11, 1865|title=Missouri abolishes slavery|url=http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132518/http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Tennessee&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and West Virginia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html|title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 14, 1865}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey no dey follow the Emancipation Proclamation, don ban slavery before war finish. For 1863, President Lincoln propose plan wey go help rebuild Louisiana wey dem capture&lt;ref&gt;Stauffer (2008), ''Giants'', p. 279&lt;/ref&gt;. Only 10 percent of the voters go swear loyalty. Dem still gatz accept the Emancipation Proclamation and remove slavery from dem new constitution. By December 1864, Lincoln plan dey work no be only for Louisiana but also for Arkansas and Tennessee.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 1995 pp. 38–41&quot;&gt;Peterson (1995), ''Lincoln in American Memory'', pp. 38–41&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McCarthy 1901 p. 76&quot;&gt;McCarthy (1901), ''Lincoln's plan of Reconstruction'', p. 76&lt;/ref&gt;. For Kentucky, Union Army commanders use di offer of freedom from di proclamation to make slaves wey join Army fit free their whole family; because of dis and other reasons, slaves for di state reduce pass 70 percent during di war&lt;ref name=&quot;Harrison&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Harrison |first=Lowell H. |year=1983 |title=Slavery in Kentucky: A Civil War Casualty |journal=The Kentucky Review |edition=Fall |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=38–40}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But for Delaware&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Slavery in Delaware|url=http://slavenorth.com/delaware.htm|website=slavenorth.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Kentucky&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Lowell Hayes Harrison and James C. Klotter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdTIIEZ1k2QC&amp;q=kentucky+abolishes+slavery&amp;pg=PA174|title=A new history of Kentucky|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1997|isbn=0813126215|page=180}} In 1866, Kentucky refused to ratify the 13th Amendment. It did ratify it in 1976.&lt;/ref&gt;, slavery still dey legal until December 18, 1865, when di Thirteenth Amendment enter ground.

== Background ==

=== Military action prior to emancipation ===
Di Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 say make people return runaway slaves go their owners. For di war, for May 1861, Union general Benjamin Butler talk say three slaves wey run come meet Union soldiers be contraband of war, so e refuse to send dem back, e tell one man wey wan carry dem go back say, &quot;I no dey owe any constitution to foreign country wey Virginia dey claim say na dem.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT_20110411&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/magazine/mag-03CivilWar-t.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|date=April 1, 2011|title=How Slavery Really Ended in America|author=Adam Goodheart|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For May 30, after President Lincoln hold cabinet meeting, &quot;Simon Cameron, di secretary of war, send telegraph give Butler say him contraband policy 'na approved.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 99.&lt;/ref&gt;'&quot; Dis decision cause wahala because e fit mean say dem dey recognize Confederacy as separate, independent sovereign state for international law, somtin wey Lincoln no gree accept. Plus, as contraband, dem dey see these people as &quot;property&quot; when dem cross Union lines, so wetin go happen to dem no clear.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Living Contraband – Former Slaves in the Nation's Capital During the Civil War|url=https://home.nps.gov/cwdw/learn/historyculture/living-contraband-former-slaves-in-the-capital-during-and-after-the-civil-war.htm|access-date=June 29, 2013|work=Civil War Defenses of Washington|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Government sabi how to free people ===
&lt;imagemap&gt;
Image:Emancipation proclamation.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|''[[First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln]]'' by [[Francis Bicknell Carpenter]] (1864) {{Clickable|use cursor to identify.}}|alt=A dark-haired, bearded, middle-aged man holding documents is seated among seven other men.]]

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poly 569 893 535 708 427 613 357 562 377 456 393 404 468 351 451 317 473 259 520 256 544 283 530 339 526 374 559 401 594 431 639 494 715 542 692 551 693 579 672 546 623 552 596 617 698 629 680 852 [[Abraham Lincoln]]
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&lt;/imagemap&gt;
For December 1861, Lincoln send im first annual message to Congress (dem dey call am State of the Union Address, but back then dem dey write am). Inside, e praise free labor system wey dey respect human rights pass property rights; e support law to fit tackle the matter of contraband slaves and slaves wey dey loyal states, maybe by buying dem freedom with federal money; e also support federal money for voluntary colonization.&lt;ref&gt;[https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-3-1861-first-annual-message December 3, 1861: First Annual Message: Transcript]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/147 147–148]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For January 1862, Thaddeus Stevens, wey be Republican leader for House, call for total war against the rebellion to include freeing slaves, talk say if dem free the slaves, e go spoil the rebel economy. On March 13, 1862, Congress approve Act wey no go allow military or naval people for United States return fugitive slaves to their owners.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/artwar.htm &quot;Law Enacting an Additional Article of War&quot; (the official name of the statute).]&lt;/ref&gt;. Following one law wey Lincoln sign, dem abolish slavery for District of Columbia on April 16, 1862, and dem compensate the owners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mann|first=Lina|title=The Complexities of Slavery in the Nation's Capital|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-complexities-of-slavery-in-the-nations-capital|access-date=2020-09-20|website=White House Historical|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

For June 9, 1862, Congress pass bill wey stop slavery for all current and future United States territories (but not for the states), and on June 19, President Lincoln sign am into law. This act clear say the 1857 opinion of Supreme Court wey sey Congress no fit regulate slavery for U.S. territories no be correct. E also reject the idea of popular sovereignty wey Stephen A. Douglas talk for slavery wahala, while e continue the work wey Thomas Jefferson first propose for 1784 to limit slavery inside the existing states..&lt;ref&gt;Montgomery, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A24AAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA428 The Student's American History]'', p. 428 (Ginn &amp; Co. 1897).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Keifer, Joseph. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GBq0gjrfxRgC&amp;dq=%22June+19%2C+1862%22+slavery+Lincoln&amp;pg=PA109 Slavery and Four Years of War]'', p. 109 (Echo Library 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

For August 6, 1861, First Confiscation Act free di slaves wey dey work against di Government and lawful authority of di United States&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/conact1.htm First Confiscation Act]&lt;/ref&gt;. Then on July 17, 1862, Second Confiscation Act come free di slaves wey dey any place wey rebel forces dey and later United States forces go enter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Second Act no be like di First one, e clear say all di slaves wey dey under am go free for life, because section 10 talk say all di slaves wey belong to people wey go dey rebel against di government go free if dem run come inside di army lines; plus any slave wey dem catch or wey desert dem go dey free from di government control; and all di slaves of people wey dey for any place wey rebel forces dey go also be war captives, no go fit be slaves again&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Second Confiscation Act, July 17, 1862|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806144911/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/conact2.htm|archive-date=August 6, 2008|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But Lincoln still believe say, even though Congress no fit free di slaves for di rebel states, as commander in chief, e fit do am if e feel say na good military move.&lt;ref&gt;Donald, David. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fuTY3mxs9awC&amp;q=Second+Confiscation+Act Lincoln]'', p. 365 (Simon and Schuster, 1996)&lt;/ref&gt;. As of summer 1862, Lincoln don draft di early Emancipation Proclamation wey him go drop for September 22, 1862, wey go talk say for January 1, 1863, e go free di slaves for states wey still dey rebel.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== How people dey feel 'bout freedom matter ===
[[File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gordon,_scourged_back,_NPG,_1863.jpg|thumb|Peter photo wey dem snap for Baton Rouge spring 1863; e dey fly everywhere by abolitionists to show wetin slavery fit do.]]
Abolitionists don dey push Lincoln make he free all slaves for long. For the summer wey be 1862, Republican editor Horace Greeley from New-York Tribune, wey get strong influence, write one big editorial wey call “The Prayer of Twenty Millions” wey dey shout for more action against the Confederacy and make dem free the slaves quick quick: “For this wide earth, Mr. President, no be one intelligent person wey dey support the Union cause wey no dey feel say if dem crush the rebellion today, e go wake again if dem leave slavery strong, and every hour wey dem dey respect slavery na hour wey dey add danger to the Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=second|pages=160–161}}&lt;/ref&gt;”

Lincoln reply for im letter to Horace Greeley on August 22, 1862: If some people go fit save the Union only if dem fit save slavery, I no dey agree with them. If some people no go fit save the Union unless dem destroy slavery, I still no dey agree. My main goal for this fight na to save the Union, no be to save or destroy slavery. If I fit save the Union without freeing any slave, I go do am, and if na by freeing all slaves I go save am, I go do am; and if na by freeing some and leaving others, I go still do that. Wetin I go do about slavery, and the colored people, na because I believe say e go help save the Union; and wetin I no do, I no do am because I no believe say e go help save the Union... I don talk my plan according to wetin I see as my duty; and I no mean say I go change my personal wish wey I don talk plenty times say I wish say all men everywhere fit free.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer talk say Lincoln letter be like: &quot;Greeley no sabi say Lincoln write am after e don draft di first Emancipation Proclamation wey e wan drop after di next Union military victory. So, dis letter, na true, be like say e wan position di coming announcement for saving di Union, no be to free slaves as humanitarian move. E be one of Lincoln most clever public relations move, even if e don create doubt about him sincerity as liberator.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dear2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holzer|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05ggngEACAAJ|title=Dear Mr. Lincoln: Letters to the President|date=2006|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-2686-0|edition=2nd|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Historian Richard Striner talk say &quot;for many years&quot; people dey misread Lincoln letter as &quot;Lincoln just wan save di Union&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; But according to Striner, for di whole of Lincoln career and how e dey talk about slavery, this be wrong. In fact, Lincoln dey try soft soft di strong Northern white supremacist wey no wan gree with him emancipation by linking am to di cause of di Union. Dis people go fight for di Union but no go want end slavery, so Lincoln find way for dem to do both at di same time.&lt;ref name=&quot;Striner2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Striner|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176|title=Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-518306-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fatherabrahamlin0000stri/page/176 176]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. So, e fit don choose di third option wey him mention to Greeley: &quot;free some and leave others&quot;; dat be, free slaves for di states wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863, but leave di ones wey dey border states and Union-occupied areas.

But, as the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation talk make am clear, Lincoln talk say e go suggest to Congress make dem compensate states wey fit &quot;take, immediate or gradual end slavery&quot;. Plus, during the hundred days from September 22, 1862, when e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, to January 1, 1863, when e drop the Final Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln still dey show say him dey consider the first option wey e mention to Greeley — maintain the Union without freeing any slave — still possible. Historian William W. Freehling talk say, &quot;From mid-October to mid-November 1862, e send personal envoys go Louisiana, Tennessee, and Arkansas.&lt;ref&gt;Freehling, William W. (2001). ''The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War'', New York: Oxford University Press, p. 111.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, pp. 8-9.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;. Each of dem carry letter from Lincoln wey talk say if people for their state want &quot;avoid the wahala&quot; of the Final Emancipation Proclamation &quot;and get peace again like before&quot; (meaning, with slavery still dey), make dem gather &quot;the largest number wey possible&quot; to vote for &quot;elections for members to Congress of the United States ... wey friendly to their wahala&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, pp. 462-463, 470, 500.]&lt;/ref&gt;. Later, for him Annual Message to Congress on December 1, 1862, Lincoln propose amendment to U.S. Constitution say any state wey end slavery before January 1, 1900, go collect compensation from U.S. in form of interest-bearing U.S. bonds. If dem accept this amendment, for theory, e fit end the war without really ending slavery, because the amendment talk say, &quot;Any State wey don collect bonds ... and later bring back or allow slavery again, go pay back the United States the bonds wey dem collect, or the value of am, plus all interest wey dem pay on top&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln5/1:1126.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext ''Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln'', Vol. 5, p. 530.]&lt;/ref&gt;

For him 2014 book wey dem call Lincoln's Gamble, journalist and historian Todd Brewster talk say, Lincoln wan make saving di Union be im only goal for di war, and dat one be key for im legal authority to free di slaves. Since Constitution dey protect slavery, di only way wey he fit free di slaves na as war tactic—no be di main mission&lt;ref name=&quot;Brewster&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Brewster|first=Todd|title=Lincoln's Gamble: The Tumultuous Six Months that Gave America the Emancipation Proclamation and Changed the Course of the Civil War|url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew|publisher=Scribner|year=2014|isbn=978-1451693867|page=[https://archive.org/details/lincolnsgambletu0000brew/page/59 59]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But e come get risk say, when di war finish, di reason wey he go use to free di slaves go finish too. For late 1862, Lincoln ask im Attorney General, Edward Bates, wetin e go fit do if slaves wey dem free under war proclamation go fit be taken back once di war end. Bates gats wade through di language of Dred Scott decision before e fit give answer, but e finally conclude say dem fit still remain free. Still, for full end of slavery, dem go need constitutional amendment. Dem dey give Lincoln different advice on whether to free di slaves, both for public and private. Thomas Nast be cartoon artist wey dey work during Civil War and late 1800s, dem dey call am &quot;Father of the American Cartoon&quot;. E draw plenty things, including one artwork wey show how people wey dey suffer for slavery move enter civilization when President Lincoln sign the Proclamation. Nast believ say everybody suppose get equal chance, even the enslaved Africans and free blacks. For Chicago on September 7, 1862, plenty people gather for rally wey demand make dem free all slaves sharp sharp. One group wey William W. Patton dey lead go meet the president for White House on September 13. Lincoln talk for peacetime say e no get power wey constitution gree make am free slaves. Even as war power, emancipation no be small risk wey fit cause wahala. Public opinion no too dey support am.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA18 18]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Copperhead Democrats no go gree, and border states no sure how dem go react. Delaware and Maryland dey high for free blacks percentage: 91.2% and 49.7% for 1860.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Kolchin|first=Peter|title=American Slavery: 1619–1877|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542|date=1994|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-1554-2|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780809015542/page/82 82]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Drafting and issuance of the proclamation ==
[[File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastman_Johnson_-_A_Ride_for_Liberty_--_The_Fugitive_Slaves_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Eastman_Johnson|Eastman Johnson]] (American, 1824–1906) – ''[[:en:A_Ride_for_Liberty_–_The_Fugitive_Slaves|A Ride for Liberty – The Fugitive Slaves]]'', {{Circa|1862}}]]
Lincoln first yan the proclamation with him cabinet for July 1862. E draft him first proclamation and read am to Secretary of State William Seward and Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles on July 13. Seward and Welles no fit even talk, but Seward talk say e dey fear say if dem no careful, wahala go fall everywhere for South, and foreign people fit come join. Welles no talk anything. On July 22, Lincoln show am to him whole cabinet as wetin e don decide to do and him ask dem how dem go fit word am&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|year=2002|title=Emancipation Proclamation|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/almintr.html|access-date=June 28, 2013|work=Lincoln Papers|publisher=Library of Congress and Knox College}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton back am, but Seward advice say make Lincoln wait make Union fit win major battle before e go drop the proclamation, else e go look like say Union dey shout retreat. But Walter Stahr write say, 'Some sources talk say dem other people dey involved for the delay decision,' and e quote dem&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Doris Kearns |title=Team of Rivals |publisher=Blithedale Productions |year=2005 |location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

For September 1862, the Battle of Antietam give Lincoln the victory wey e need to drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. For the battle, Union lose plenty soldiers pass Confederates and General McClellan allow Robert E. Lee troops to run, but Union forces still push back Confederate invasion for Maryland, chop down more than quarter of Lee army. This one be turning point for the Civil War.&lt;ref&gt;Stahr, Walter, ''Stanton: Lincoln's War Secretary'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2017, p. 226.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emancipation_Proclamation_-_LOC_04067_-_restoration1.jpg|left|thumb|1864 reproduction of the Emancipation Proclamation from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division]]For September 22, 1862, five days after Antietam, as Lincoln dey chill for Soldier's Home, e call im cabinet come meet and drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Preliminary Emacipation Proclamation, 1862|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/preliminary_emancipation_proclamation.html#|website=www.archives.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, Lincoln tell dem say, &quot;I don make one serious promise before God, say if General Lee fit run come from Pennsylvania, I go finish am with the freedom declaration for slaves&lt;ref&gt;McPherson, James M. ''Battle Cry of Freedom'', (1988), p. 557.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Carpenter |first=Frank B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTsl3N7hDpAC&amp;q=six+months+at+the+white+house+carpenter |title=Six Months at the White House |publisher=Applewood Books |year=1866 |isbn=978-1-4290-1527-1 |page=90 |access-date=February 20, 2010}} as reported by Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon Portland Chase, September 22, 1862. Others present used the word ''resolution'' instead of ''vow to God''. Gideon Welles, ''Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy Under Lincoln and Johnson'' (Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1911), 1:143, reported that Lincoln made a covenant with God that if God would change the tide of the war, Lincoln would change his policy toward slavery. See also Nicolas Parrillo, &quot;Lincoln's Calvinist Transformation: Emancipation and War&quot;, ''Civil War History'' (September 1, 2000).&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; Lincoln show im first draft to Vice President Hannibal Hamlin,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=Bangor in Focus: Hannibal Hamlin|url=http://bangorinfo.com/Focus/focus_hannibal_hamlin.html|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=Bangorinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;, wey be serious abolitionist, but dem dey keep am for dark about presidential matter. So, Lincoln drop the final proclamation wey e promise for January 1, 1863. Even though Congress give am authority, Lincoln use im power as Commander-in-Chief of Army and Navy to drop the proclamation as war measure. So, e no be like law wey Congress enact, because Lincoln fit just cancel am if e like. One week after e drop the final Proclamation, Lincoln write to Major General John McClernand: &quot;After dem start fight, I dey try for almost one and half year to manage without touch the 'institution'; but when I finally decide to touch am, I give hundred days notice so all States and people fit turn back as good citizens. Dem choose to ignore am, and I make the proclamation based on wetin I see as military need. Once I don make am, e go stand.” Lincoln still talk say the states wey dey for the proclamation fit “adopt plans for apprenticeship for di colored people, wey go follow wetin dey approved for gradual emancipation; and... dem fit dey almost as okay as if this wahala no happen. E end by beg McClernand say make e no carry this letter go public..”.&lt;ref&gt;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln6/1:84.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext;q1=broken+eggs &quot;The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln]&quot; edited by Roy P. Basler, Volume 6, pp. 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Henry, [https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61e83d709f319913599d9eff/t/65654294056d981e17a815ec/1701135003723/2023+%2354+LF+Fall+Bulletin++%E2%80%93+WEB.pdf &quot;Was Lincoln Disingenuous in His Greeley Letter?&quot;], ''The Lincoln Forum Bulletin'', Issue 54, Fall 2023, p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Men_of_Color_Civil_War_Recruitment_Broadside_1863.png|thumb|One printed paper dey call for men wey get color make dem join U.S. military after dem free slaves in 1863 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).]]
Initially, di Emancipation Proclamation free only small number of slaves, wey be di one wey dey behind Union line for area wey no dey exempted. Plenty slaves still dey behind Confederate line or for exempted Union area. Secretary of State William H. Seward talk say, &quot;We dey show our sympathy with slavery by freeing slaves where we no fit reach dem and keeping dem in bondage where we fit set dem free.&quot; If any slave state fit stop dem secession before January 1, 1863, dem fit keep slavery, at least for small time. Di Proclamation free di slaves only for di South area wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. But as di Union army dey move for di South, slaves dey run go behind dem line, and &quot;shortly after dem issue di Emancipation Proclamation, di Lincoln administration lift di ban on to entice slaves go Union line.&lt;ref&gt;Oakes, James, ''Freedom National'', p. 367.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; Dis whole matter help for di destruction of slavery. Di Emancipation Proclamation still allow freed slaves join di United States military. During di war, nearly 200,000 black men, most of dem be ex-slaves, join di Union Army&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Teaching With Documents: The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Dem contribution be very important for winning di war. Di Confederacy no allow slaves join dem army as soldier until di last month before dem defeat&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=March 23, 1865|title=Confederate Law Authorizing the Enlistment of Black Soldiers, as Promulgated in a Military Order|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312213532/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/csenlist.htm|archive-date=March 12, 2012|access-date=April 13, 2012|work=CSA General Orders, No. 14|publisher=Department of History, University of Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Even though di counties of Virginia wey soon go form West Virginia no dey included for di Proclamation (Jefferson County be di only exception), one condition for di state to join di Union be say dem constitution go provide for gradual abolition of slavery (dem still adopt immediate emancipation for all slaves early 1865). Slaves for di border states of Maryland and Missouri still dey free by separate state action before di Civil War finish. For Maryland, new state constitution wey abolish slavery go take effect on November 1, 1864. Di Union wey dey control eastern Virginia counties plus Louisiana parishes, wey dem no allow under di Proclamation, dem come put state constitution wey make slavery no dey inside April 1864.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitutional Convention, Virginia (1864)|url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Virginia_Convention_of_1864|access-date=October 11, 2016|website=encyclopediavirginia.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/april-1864-civil-war.htm|title=American Civil War April 1864 – History Learning Site|newspaper=History Learning Site|access-date=October 11, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For early 1865, Tennessee come take amend dem constitution wey go stop slavery..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=December 8, 2009|title=Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation|url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm|archive-date=October 11, 2007|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=History.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=n.d.|title=TSLA: This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee|url=http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/timelines/timeline_1861-1865.htm|access-date=May 29, 2011|publisher=State.tn.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Implementation ==
[[File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Am_Arch_Sculpt_4.jpg|right|thumb|The moment the proclamation was signed, portrayed by [[:en:Lee_Lawrie|Lee Lawrie]] in [[:en:Lincoln,_Nebraska|Lincoln, Nebraska]]]]
Di Proclamation come out first in one early version and den final version. Di first one, wey dem issue for September 22, 1862, na early announcement wey show wetin di final one go talk later, wey take effect 100 days after for January 1, 1863, during di second year of di Civil War. Di early Emancipation Proclamation na Abraham Lincoln declaration say all di slaves go free forever for all di areas of di Confederacy wey still dey rebel on January 1, 1863. Di final Emancipation Proclamation name di ten states wey dey affected (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina). States like Maryland, Delaware, Missouri and Kentucky wey dey for di Union no dey included. Tennessee too no dey named, as Union military government don already set up for Nashville wey na di capital. Dem state specific exemptions for areas wey still dey under Union control on January 1, 1863, like 48 counties wey go soon turn West Virginia, seven other counties for Virginia wey include Berkeley and Hampshire wey go join West Virginia, New Orleans and 13 parishes wey dey around.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2015-10-06|title=Transcript of the Proclamation|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcript.html|access-date=2020-09-20|website=National Archives|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Areas wey Union control for di Confederate states where di proclamation start run sharp sharp by local commanders include Winchester for Virginia&lt;ref&gt;Richard Duncan, Beleaguered Winchester: A Virginia Community at War (Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2007), pp. 139–40&lt;/ref&gt;, Corinth for Mississippi,&lt;ref&gt;Ira Berlin et al., eds., Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861–1867, Vol. 1: The Destruction of Slavery (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 260&lt;/ref&gt;, di Sea Islands along di coasts of di Carolinas and Georgia&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;, Key West for Florida&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Important From Key West&quot;, ''The New York Times'' February 4, 1863, p. 1&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal for South Carolina..&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Immediate impact ===
[[File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SlaveChildrenUnknown.jpg|left|thumb|Photo of two pikin wey dem fit don free – around 1870]]
[[File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scene_Along_the_Route.jpg|thumb|'Scene Wey Dey Happen for Road' from Philadelphia Inquirer reporter (maybe U.H. Painter[1]) wey dey follow Army of Potomac, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864]]
Dis one wey dem dey call &quot;Scene Along the Route&quot; from person wey dey report for Philadelphia Inquirer (maybe na U.H. Painter) wey dey with Potomac Army, The Indiana Progress, June 1, 1864. On New Year’s Eve for 1862, plenty African Americans – both wey dem don commot and wey still dey suffer – gather for USA to do Watch Night for &quot;Freedom's Eve&quot;, dey wait for midnight wey go bring change&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-19|title=The Historical Legacy of Juneteenth|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/historical-legacy-juneteenth|access-date=2022-06-13|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Some people dey talk say Emancipation Proclamation no free anybody&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=James M. Paradis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pd3HsBXCq94C&amp;pg=PA90|title=African Americans and the Gettysburg Campaign|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2012|isbn=9780810883369|page=90}}&lt;/ref&gt;; historian Lerone Bennett Jr. dey claim say na janja wey dem prepare no be to free anybody.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Kenneth L. Deutsch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-YAbM7YYCIC&amp;pg=PT35|title=Lincoln's American Dream: Clashing Political Perspectives|author2=Joseph Fornieri|publisher=Potomac Books|year=2005|isbn=9781597973908|page=35}}&lt;/ref&gt; But because of dis Proclamation, many slaves don use this war collect their freedom, as e start on the day e take effect; wey people for places like Hilton Head Island, South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;&quot;News from South Carolina: Negro Jubilee at Hilton Head&quot;, ''New York Herald'', January 7, 1863, p. 5&lt;/ref&gt;, and Port Royal, South Carolina&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times January 9, 1863, p. 22&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/09/news/interesting-port-royal-jubliee-among-negroes-first-president-s-emancipation.html?scp=35&amp;sq=&amp;st=p?pagewanted=1|title=Interesting from Port Royal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1863|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; dey celebrate on January 1 as dem hear say dem don get legal freedom. People dey guess the total wey dem free as the Emancipation Proclamation start; one report say 'contraband' for Union-occupied North Carolina na 10,000, and Sea Islands for South Carolina dey plenty too&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=qUTrAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Those+20,000+slaves+were+freed+immediately+by+the+Emancipation+Proclamation.&amp;pg=PA109 Epps, Henry, ''A Concise Chronicle History of African-American People Experience in America'', SCL, 2012, p. 109]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis Zone wey Union dey control wey freedom start include eastern North Carolina, Mississippi Valley, northern Alabama, Shenandoah Valley for Virginia, plenty Arkansas, and Sea Islands for Georgia and South Carolina&lt;ref&gt;Harris, &quot;After the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, p. 45&lt;/ref&gt;. Even though some counties for Union-occupied Virginia no follow the Proclamation, lower Shenandoah Valley and Alexandria area dey included.&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFBEP2&quot;&gt;Poulter, Keith, &quot;Slaves Immediately Freed by the Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''North &amp; South'', vol. 5, no. 1 (December 2001), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt; Emancipation don start to take effect as Union soldiers dey enter Confederacy. Slaves dey run from their masters and Union soldiers dey help dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Allen C. Guelzo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PT107|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|year=2006|isbn=9781416547952|pages=107–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another side, Robert Gould Shaw write am to him mama on September 25, 1862, &quot;So the 'Proclamation of Emancipation' don finally show face, or better say, e for come first. I dey sure say una dey jolly for am. But me, I no fit see wetin e go do now. Anywhere our army don reach, no slaves dey anymore, and the Proclamation no go free dem where we no fit go.&quot; Ten days later, him write am again, &quot;No think say from wetin I talk before, I dey believe say Mr. Lincoln's 'Emancipation Proclamation' no correct ... but as war measure, I no see d matter wey e go reason now, ... as the slaves no fit free for any way, with Emancipation Act or without.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

Booker T. Washington, as small boy of 9 for Virginia, remember the day for early 1865:&lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Gary W., [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674066083&amp;content=reviews ''The Union War''], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 142-143.&lt;/ref&gt;

* As the big day dey come closer, plenty song dey burst for the slave quarters pass usual. E dey louder, more sweet, and e dey last well into night. Most of the plantation songs get some freedom vibe.... [S]ome man wey be stranger (a United States officer, I gbadun) make small speech and then read long paper—the Emancipation Proclamation, I think. After di reading, dem tell us say we don free, and fit waka when and where we want. My mama, wey dey by my side, lean down come kiss her pikin dem, while joy tears dey run for her cheeks. She explain wetin everything mean, say this na the day wey she don dey pray for long, but fear say she no go fit see am.[[File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Visit_from_the_Old_Mistress.jpg|left|thumb|Winslow Homer 1876 – &quot;A Visit from the Old Mistress&quot; show tension between group of newly freed slaves and their former master – Smithsonian Museum of American Art.]]Runaway slaves wey don escape go Union lines before dey dey hold dem as 'contraband of war' under Confiscation Acts. The Sea Islands wey dey off Georgia coast don already fall to Union Navy for early war. The white people don run go mainland but the black ones dey sit down. Dem start early Reconstruction program for di former slaves, wey get schools and training. Naval officers come read di proclamation for dem, tell dem say dem don free.&lt;ref name=&quot;Klingaman2&quot;&gt;William Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861–1865 (NY: Viking Press, 2001), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;  Slaves dey part of di 'engine of war' for di Confederacy. Dem dey produce and prepare food; sew uniform; fix railway; work for farms and factories, shipping yards, and mines; build fortifications; and serve as hospital workers and common laborers. News of di Proclamation fly quick through mouth, spark hope for freedom, create confusion, and push plenty people to escape go Union lines..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Goodheart|first=Adam|title=1861: The Civil War Awakening|url=https://archive.org/details/1861civilwarawak0000good|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|year=2011|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; George Washington Albright, one teenage slave for Mississippi, remember say like many of him fellow slaves, him papa don escape join Union forces. According to Albright, plantation owners dey try keep di Proclamation news from slaves, but dem sabi am through grapevine. Di young slave come be 'runner' for one informal group dem dey call 4Ls ('Lincoln's Legal Loyal League'), wey dey carry news of di proclamation go secret slave meetings for plantations all over di region..&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins, Sally, and Stauffer, John. ''The State of Jones''. New York: Anchor Books, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7679-2946-2}}, p. 42.&lt;/ref&gt;  Confederate general Robert E. Lee see di Emancipation Proclamation as way for di Union to increase di number of soldiers dem fit put for di field, making am urgent for di Confederacy to increase dem own numbers too.
After dem sack Fredericksburg, Lee write say, &quot;Di way di enemy dey gather plenty troops and di brutal wahala wey dem don declare, e no go fit give us any choice but to win or suffer pass death. If we wan save di honor of our families from disgrace and our way of life from destruction, make we put all our effort, use all means wey dey available, to fill and keep our army strong, until God go bless us with our independence.&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://cwmemory.com/2011/11/18/robert-e-lee-on-robert-h-milroy-or-emancipation/ &quot;Robert E. Lee on Robert H. Milroy or Emancipation,&quot; ''civil war memory: The Online Home of Kevin M. Levin'', November 18, 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Shelby Foote|title=The Civil War: A Narrative: Fredericksburg to Meridian|publisher=Random House|year=1963|volume=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation be big turn for di war, as e make di North no just wan keep di Union, but also free di slaves.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 10, 2022|title=Emancipation Proclamation (1863)|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/emancipation-proclamation|access-date=13 February 2024|website=National Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Di Proclamation also gather support from abolitionists and Europeans, wey dey push enslaved people to escape go North. Dis one weaken di labor for di South and strong di North ranks..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Immediate Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|access-date=13 February 2024|website=Historical Society of Pennsylvania|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213010125/https://www.portal.hsp.org/unit-plan-items/unit-plan-34|archive-date=13 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Racism dey dey everywhere, both sides for the wahala, and plenty people for North just support the war to force South make dem stay for Union. The Republican politicians wey promise say the war be for Union restoration, no be about black rights or end slavery, dem opponents talk say na big lies, because of the Proclamation. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen yarn for crowd, &quot;Now my fellow Democrats, I go ask you if you go let dem push you enter wahala against your brothers for the Southern States because of the Negro. My answer be No!&quot; The Copperheads see the Proclamation as clear proof for their matter and the start of their political rise; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say the truth don clear even for &quot;those wey no get sense wey still dey think say the President be conservative and the war be for Union restoration under the Constitution&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Political impact ===
[[File:TRUMP.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TRUMP.JPG|thumb|Abe Lincoln Last Card; Or, Rouge-et-Noir (Red and Black), na cartoon wey John Tenniel draw make e appear for Punch after London Times talk say Lincoln don play him 'last card' when e drop the Proclamation for October 1862. Lincoln hair be sharp, e dey look like horns. Dem dey print dis cartoon well well for Copperhead press.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=October 18, 1862|title=Abe Lincoln's Last Card|url=http://www.historygallery.com/prints/PunchLincoln/1862lastcard/1862lastcard.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Mitgang|first=Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQQXbIE--ggC&amp;q=London%20Times%20freeing%20the%20slaves%20Lincoln's%20%22desperate%20last-trump%20card%22&amp;pg=PA236-IA10|title=Abraham Lincoln, a Press Portrait: His Life and Times from the Original Newspaper Documents of the Union, the Confederacy, and Europe|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8232-2062-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]Di Proclamation dem denounce am sharp sharp, Copperhead Democrats wey no gree war and wan make dem bring back di union by allowing slavery. Horatio Seymour wey dey run for New York governor, him talk say di Emancipation Proclamation be call for slaves to dey commit wahala for all di white southerners, him yarn say na &quot;proposal for di butchery of women and children, for scenes of lust and rapine, and of arson and murder, wey go call for civilized Europe to intervene&quot;. Di Copperheads too see di Proclamation as mistake wey dey misuse presidential power. Editor Henry A. Reeves write for Greenport's Republican Watchman say &quot;For di name of freedom for Negroes, [di proclamation] dey put white men liberty for wahala; to test one utopian theory of equality wey Nature, History and Experience dey gree as monster, e dey scatter di Constitution and Civil Laws and set Military Usurpation on top&quot;. 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;Racism dey everywhere for both sides, and plenty people for di North support di war just to force di South to stay for di Union. Di promises of plenty Republican politicians wey talk say di war na to restore di Union and no be about black rights or ending slavery dem mark am as lies by dia opponents, wey use di Proclamation talk am. For Columbiana, Ohio, Copperhead David Allen tell crowd, &quot;Now fellow Democrats I go ask you if you wan force yourself enter war against your Britheren of di Southern States for di Negro. I answer No!&quot; Di Copperheads sabi so di Proclamation be proof wey no fit argue for dia side and di start of political rise for dem members; for Connecticut, H. B. Whiting write say di truth don show even to &quot;those stupid thickheaded persons wey dey think say di President na conservative man and di war na for di restoration of di Union under di Constitution.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Weber2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=64|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

War Democrats wey no gree with Copperhead stance for their party, dey find themselves for wahala. Even though during the war, dem still dey keep the racist views of their party and no care for slave concerns, dem see the Proclamation as good military tool against South and dey worry say if dem go oppose am e fit shake the Union army morale. This matter go continue to disturb dem and fit cause split for their party as the war dey go on&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Lincoln dey push plenty people for the Union away just two days after e drop the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation by suspending habeas corpus. His opponents connect this two move to say he dey turn despot. Because of this and military no dey thrive for Union armies, plenty War Democrat voters wey don support Lincoln before turn against am and join Copperheads for the off-year elections wey happen for October and November.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=65|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1862 elections, Democrats chop 28 seats for House plus dem take governorship for New York. Lincoln padi, Orville Hickman Browning, tell am say the Proclamation and suspension of habeas corpus be like disaster for him party, e give Democrats plenty weapons. Lincoln no talk anything back. Copperhead William Jarvis from Connecticut talk say di election be di 'beginning of di end of Abolitionism wahala'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Historians like James M. McPherson and Allan Nevins dey talk say even though di results fit look bad, Lincoln fit still see am as good; his enemies do well only for di areas wey dem sabi best and 'for di national level, wetin dem gain for House na di smallest wey any minority party don get for off-year election wey don pass near a generation. Michigan, California, and Iowa all go Republican... Plus, di Republicans collect five seats for Senate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;' McPherson talk say, 'If di election be referendum on emancipation and how Lincoln dey handle di war, plenty Northern voters support these policies.'&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weber|first=Jennifer L.|url=https://archive.org/details/copperheads00jenn|title=Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-530668-2|location=New York City|page=69|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Confederate response ===
[[File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Negroes_Leaving_Home_-_April_9_1864_issue_Harper's_Weekly_-_uncropped,_Internet_Archive_copy.jpg|thumb|&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)]]
&quot;NEGROES DEY LEAVE DEM HOME: Di picture for page 237 show one side of di war wey di rebels no fit look with any joy. Di way di slaves dey run away from di wahala wey don dey disturb dem long time don dey happen since dem first strike blow for national honour, and e still dey happen, plenty poor people dey waka enter di Union side every week for all di places. Our sketch show di heart-breaking sight wey surround di homes of di negroes, and di energy wey dem use space make dem find freedom anytime dem get chance. Di Federal gun-boat dey far for sea, but di sharp eyes of di waiting bondmen don catch di flag wey she carry; dem sabi say under di flag na safe place for dem, so dem launch dia small boat, carry di old and sick ones with dia few important things, and as dem dey leave dem rough home, dem get small pain for heart, but hope and joy dey for dia mind for di freedom wey dey await dem, as dem pull away from di shore, wey go just dey remind dem of dark past. E get emotion plus history for di picture.&quot; (Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864)

Di first Confedrate response na anger. Dem see di Proclamation as confirmation of di rebellion and proof say Lincoln for don finish slavery even if di states no come back join di Union. Dis one make di fear of slaves revolting increase and scatter morale, especially di slave owners wey see am as threat to dia business. For one letter wey U.S. Army general Ulysses S. Grant write to President Lincoln for August 1863, e talk say di proclamation wey dey &quot;arm di negro&quot;, plus di &quot;emancipation of di negro, na di heaviest blow dem don give di Confederacy so far.&quot;  Di South dey craze plenty for am and dem dey vex well well&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Grant |first=Ulysses |date=August 23, 1863 |title=Letter to Abraham Lincoln |url=http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503212700/http://www.civil-war-tribute.com/us-grant-letter-to-lincoln-08231863.htm |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |access-date=May 3, 2014 |quote=I have given the subject of arming the Negro my hearty support. This, with the emancipation of the Negro, is the heaviest blow yet given the Confederacy. The South rave a greatdeel about it and profess to be very angry. |location=Cairo, Illinois}}&lt;/ref&gt;. For May 1863, small months after di Proclamation start, di Confederacy pass law wey dem dey demand 'full and ample retaliation' against di U.S. for di matter. Dem talk say black U.S. soldiers wey dem catch while dem dey fight di Confederacy go face court as slave rebels—dis one go fit land dem for serious wahala wey fit end for death. Less than one year after di law pass, di Confederates kill plenty black U.S. soldiers for Fort Pillow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tap|first=Bruce|title=The Fort Pillow Massacre: North, South, and the Status of African Americans in the Civil War Era|date=2013|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

President Jefferson Davis react to di Emancipation Proclamation with fire and for im speech to di Confederate Congress on January 12, im threaten say any U.S. military officer wey dem catch for Confederate ground go face state authority to charge dem for 'exciting servile insurrection', wey be serious matter..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=January 12, 1863: Jefferson Davis responds to the Emancipation Proclamation &amp;#124; the Daily Dose|url=http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113000330/http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=822|archive-date=January 13, 2023|access-date=January 13, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

General Robert E. Lee call di Proclamation 'savage and brutal policy wey dem don proclaim, wey no go give us any choice but success or disgrace wey fit worse pass death.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095239/https://leefamilyarchive.org/family-papers/letters/letters-1863/9-family-papers/1180-robert-e-lee-to-james-a-seddon-1863-january-10 Lee Family Digital Archive]&lt;/ref&gt;

But some Confederates welcome di Proclamation, cos dem believe say e go make pro-slavery feeling strong for di Confederacy and fit make more white men join di army. One Confederate cavalry sergeant from Kentucky talk say, 'Di Proclamation worth three hundred thousand soldiers to our Government at least... E show wetin dis war come for and di plans of di wicked people wey bring am&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/107 107] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;.' Even some Union soldiers gree with dis talk and dey fear di Proclamation no be on principle, but dem dey worry say e go make di Confederacy fight harder and hold onto slavery. One Union soldier from New York talk say after di Proclamation come out, I sabi well well how di southern people go fight for dem slavery matter, even if e mean say dem go face wahala wey fit finish dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As e be say the Proclamation land, price for slaves for the Confederacy dey rise after dem issue am, one Confederate guy from South Carolina talk for 1865 say, &quot;now be time make Uncle buy some negro women and pikin....&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McPherson |first=James M. |url=https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph |title=For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-509-023-3 |location=New York City |page=[https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/108 108] |oclc=34912692 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== International impact ===
The way wey Lincoln wan am, the proclamation change wetin people for foreign land dey think, dem dey support the Union as dem get backing from countries wey no dey like slavery and those wey don already stop am (especially for developed places like UK and France). This change scatter the Confederacy hopes of getting any official recognition&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Robert E. May|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC|title=The Union, the Confederacy, and the Atlantic rim|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-1-55753-061-5|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uIspT4gpgUAC&amp;pg=PA29 29–68]|chapter=History and Mythology: The Crisis over British Intervention in the Civil War}}&lt;/ref&gt;. The Emancipation Proclamation make clear say to stop slavery be serious Union goal, e connect support for the South to support for slavery. People for Britain no go fit support slavery. As Henry Adams talk, &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation don do more for us than all our old victories and all our diplomacy.&quot; For Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi call Lincoln &quot;the heir of the aspirations of John Brown&quot;. On August 6, 1863, Garibaldi write to Lincoln say: &quot;Posterity go call you the great emancipator, better title than any crown fit be, and bigger than any earthly treasure&lt;ref&gt;Mack Smith, p. 72&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot; 

Mayor Abel Haywood, wey represent workers from Manchester, England, write to Lincoln talk say, &quot;We dey honor you for all the correct steps wey you dey take to show say you believe in wetin your great founders talk: 'All men be free and equa&lt;ref&gt;Quoted in {{cite book|author=James Lander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QaTnoZ_uYlUC&amp;pg=PA221|title=Lincoln and Darwin: Shared Visions of Race, Science, and Religion|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780809329908|page=221}}&lt;/ref&gt;l.'&quot; The Emancipation Proclamation help cool tension with Europe about the North's war matter, plus the recent Southern attack wey fail for Antietam, come make e clear say no chance for Confederacy to get foreign military help for the war.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Kevin Phillips |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tsir90xfo4C&amp;pg=PA493 |title=The Cousins' Wars: Religion, Politics, Civil Warfare, And The Triumph Of Anglo-America |publisher=Basic Books |year=2000 |isbn=9780465013708 |page=493}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

But still, even with the Emancipation Proclamation, arms sales to the Confederacy through blockade running, from British companies and dealers, still dey happen, with the British government sabi am.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Edward Hawkins Sisson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BL2AwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=blockade+running+Britain+1863+Emancipation+Proclamation&amp;pg=PA1169|title=America the Great|date=June 22, 2014|publisher=Edward Sisson|page=1169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Confederacy fit hold the war for two more years mostly because British blockade runners dey supply dem weapons. As dem dey run, e cause 400,000 more soldiers and civilians for both sides to die..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/historians-reveal-secrets-of-uk-gunrunning-which-lengthened-the-american-civil-war-by-two-years-9557937.html|title=Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years|author=David Keys|date=24 June 2014|work=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Paul Hendren |date=April 1933 |title=The Confederate Blockade Runners |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1933/april/confederate-blockade-runners |publisher=United States Naval Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter G. Tsouras |date=March 11, 2011 |title=American Civil War viewpoints: It was British arms that sustained the Confederacy |url=https://www.military-history.org/blog/it-was-british-arms-that-sustained-the-confederacy-during-the-american-civil-war-peter-tsouras.htm |publisher=Military History Matters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NJGT&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |author=Beau Cleland |title=Between King Cotton and Queen Victoria: Confederate Informal Diplomacy and Privatized Violence in British America During the American Civil War |publisher=University of Calgary |url=https://prism.ucalgary.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/fce3cc3a-b506-4cf1-a42b-4f939db75ac5/content#page=14 |page=2 |quote=British resources were, in fact, essential to the rebellion’s survival. In the face of a blockade that after 1861 made direct imports nearly impossible, the overwhelming majority of the arms and supplies that the Confederacy received from abroad passed through British colonies en route from Europe, usually on British-flagged ships, consigned to British merchants, and paid for with cotton that followed the same path out of Southern ports. Without the advantage provided by British (and to a far lesser extent, Spanish) colonies, the Confederacy had no prayer of military victory. The colonies were unsinkable, unassailable refuges in an enemy-controlled sea.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gettysburg Address ==
Lincoln talk the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, wey e show small small about the Proclamation and how e wan end slavery as war goal with di phrase &quot;new birth of freedom&quot;. Di Proclamation really help Lincoln for gain support from di fast growing abolitionist people for di Republican Party and make sure say dem no go block am for 1864 renomination.&lt;ref&gt;Allan Nevins, ''Ordeal of the Union: vol. 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863) ==
For December 1863, Lincoln drop di Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, wey talk how di rebel states fit repair dem relationship with di Union. Di main points be say di states go accept di Emancipation Proclamation and grant freedom to dem slaves, and accept di Confiscation Acts, plus di Act wey dey ban slavery for United States territories.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Richter|first=William L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fa2_G9yaX38C&amp;q=proclamation%2520of%2520amnesty%2520and%2520reconstruction&amp;pg=PA479|title=The A to Z of the Civil War and Reconstruction|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|isbn=9780810863361|pages=479–480|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SMITHSONIAN_-_Ambrotype_of_African_American_Woman_with_Flag_-_believed_to_be_a_washerwoman_for_Union_troops_quartered_outside_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg|thumb|Dis Ambrotype be picture of African American woman wey hold flag, dem talk say she be washerwoman for Union soldiers wey dey stay outside Richmond, Virginia (Smithsonian 2005.0002.01)]]
As war dem dey finish, abolitionists dey fear say di Emancipation Proclamation go just be war tactics, wetin Lincoln wan make happen, and e no go fit hold once dem stop fight. Dem dey vex say dem wan secure freedom for all di slaves, no be only di ones wey Emancipation Proclamation go free. So, Lincoln put plenty for im 1864 presidential campaign for di constitutional amendment wey go ban slavery for di whole U.S. Lincoln campaign get boost from votes for Maryland and Missouri wey wan end slavery for dia states. Maryland new constitution wey ban slavery start work on November 1, 1864&lt;ref&gt;White, Jonathan W., &quot;Achieving Emancipation in Maryland,&quot; in ''The Civil War in Maryland Reconsidered'', edited by Charles W. Mitchell and Jean H. Baker, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2021, p. 249.&lt;/ref&gt;. Slavery for Missouri end on January 11, 1865, when dem gather for state convention approve di law wey go end slavery by 60-4 vote,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Missouri|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010471356|title=Journal of the Missouri state convention, held at the city of St. Louis January 6-April 10, 1865|date=1865|publisher=Missouri Democrat|location=St. Louis|pages=25–26|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;, and that same day Governor Thomas C. Fletcher drop im own 'Proclamation of Freedom.'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fletcher|first1=Thomas C.|url=https://archive.org/details/missourisjubilee00flet|title=Missouri's Jubilee|date=1865|publisher=W. A. Curry, Public Printer|location=Jefferson City, MO|access-date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As Lincoln win re-election, im push di lame duck 38th Congress make dem pass di proposed amendment sharp-sharp instead of waiting for di new 39th Congress. For January 1865, Congress send di Thirteenth Amendment wey go ban slavery for all U.S. states and areas, except as punishment for crime, go di state legislatures for dem to ratify. Di amendment get enough states wey ratify am by December 6, 1865, and dem announce am 12 days later. Dem say around 40,000 slaves dey for Kentucky and 1,000 for Delaware wey dem free then.&lt;ref name=&quot;1860Census&quot;&gt;{{cite web|year=1860|title=Census, Son of the South|url=http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|publisher=sonofthesouth.net|access-date=2025-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821141608/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/slave-maps/slave-census.htm|archive-date=2008-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Critiques ==
More gist: Abraham Lincoln and slavery

Dem say Lincoln’s proclamation be one of di most radical freedom moves wey don happen for di modern world&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|last=Hahn|first=Steven|date=2011-01-13|title=Discovering Equality|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/81377/lincoln-slavery-fiery-trial-review|magazine=The New Republic|issn=0028-6583}}&lt;/ref&gt;. But as time dey go, America still dey do black people anyhow, so people begin dey doubt Lincoln and di Emancipation Proclamation. One person wey attack am be Lerone Bennett for him book Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream (2000), wey talk say Lincoln be white supremacist wey just issue di Proclamation instead of real changes wey di radical abolitionists dey fight for. But one review talk say &quot;Few Civil War scholars dey take Bennett and DiLorenzo serious, dem dey point out dia small political agenda and faulty research.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Dirck |first=Brian |date=September 2009 |title=''Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery'', and ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'', and ''Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/315139 |journal=Civil War History |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=382–385 |doi=10.1353/cwh.0.0090 |s2cid=143986160 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; For him book Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Allen C. Guelzo observe say professional historians no too respect di document well, as e don collect small major scholarly studies. E talk say Lincoln be di U.S.'s &quot;last Enlightenment politician&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; and because of dat he get &quot;loyalty to 'reason, cold, calculating, unimpassioned reason'.... But di most important political virtue wey Enlightenment give Lincoln, and di Proclamation, na prudence&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Guelzo|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC&amp;pg=PA3 3]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Some other historians dey give Lincoln more props for wetin e do towards ending slavery and how e grow for political and moral status. Maybe more for happen if dem no kill am. As Eric Foner talk:&lt;ref&gt;Doris Kearns Goodwin, ''Team of Rivals'', New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln no be abolitionist or Radical Republican, Bennett dey remind us plenty times. E no like immediate abolition before war start, and he get some racist ideas wey people get for him time. But this guy dey believe say slavery no be correct, and during Civil War, e show say he fit grow for moral and political matter&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Foner|first=Eric|date=April 9, 2000|title=''Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream'' by Lerone Bennett, Jr.|url=http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041027065400/http://www.ericfoner.com/reviews/040900latimes.html|archive-date=2004-10-27|publisher=Los Angeles Times Book Review}} (book review)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Kal Ashraf talk say: 

Maybe if we no dey see am as Lincoln be lone fighter against collective freedom fighters, we go fit sabi say dem fit work together well. True talk: flawed and racist Lincoln still do something wey be heroic, no be say e do am alone, but e dey power by collective effort. To call am 'Great Emancipator' fit make we forget wetin him actions mean. How him be as person, no be anybody fit really sabi. So the version of Lincoln we dey hold, na the same version we dey create.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Kal |date=March 2013 |title='Editorial', American Studies in Britain |url=https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623212050/https://www.baas.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/asib108-kal%20ashraf.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=2013-03-28 |series=(108: Spring 2013) |publisher=British Association for American Studies |issn=1465-9956 |p=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Legacy for civil rights era ==

=== Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ===
[[File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_views_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_in_the_Oval_Office_2010-01-18.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010]]
President Barack Obama dey look Emancipation Proclamation for Oval Office wey dey hang for top Martin Luther King Jr. bust for 2010

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. talk plenty about Emancipation Proclamation during civil rights movement. E even get one address wey him do for New York City on September 12, 1962, wey him talk say the Proclamation dey beside the Declaration of Independence as one “imperishable” gift to civilization. E add say, 'All tyrants, past, present and future, no fit bury the truth wey dey inside these declarations....' Him dey lament say even though United States “they proudly talk the basic principles wey dey both documents,” e dey “sadly practice the opposite of these principles.” Him conclude say, “The only way we fit celebrate the Emancipation Proclamation be to make the freedom wey e declare real; to go back to di origin of our nation when we message of equality shine light for unfree world, and to reaffirm democracy by action wey bold and daring like the Emancipation Proclamation issuance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.|title=Dr. Martin Luther King on the Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://home.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/mlk-ep.htm|publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

” King's most popular talk wey concern Emancipation Proclamation na for speech wey him give from Lincoln Memorial steps at di 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (we dey call am di “I Have a Dream” speech). King start di speech with say “Five score years ago, one big American, inside whose shadow we dey stand, sign di Emancipation Proclamation. Dis important decree come like big beacon light of hope for plenty Negro slaves wey don dey suffer for injustice. E come like joyful daybreak to end di long night of dem captivity. But one hundred years later, we go face di tragic truth say di Negro still no dey free. One hundred years later, di life of di Negro still dey suffer from di chains of segregation and di manacles of discrimination.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.|date=August 28, 1963|title=I Have A Dream|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723170458/http://thekingcenter.org/archive/document/i-have-dream|archive-date=July 23, 2014|access-date=August 29, 2013|publisher=The King Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== De &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot; ===
Main article: Second Emancipation Proclamation

For di early 1960s, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and him guys call President John F. Kennedy make e sidestep di Southern segregationist wey dey cause wahala for di Congress. Dem wan make him issue executive order wey go end di segregation&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crmvet.org/info/emancip2.htm Draft of Second Emancipation Proclamation]&lt;/ref&gt;. Dis paper wey dem get in mind na di &quot;Second Emancipation Proclamation&quot;. But Kennedy no follow through; e no issue di second Emancipation Proclamation and e dey avoid all di centennial celebration wey dey show say emancipation don happen. Historian David W. Blight talk say, even though di idea of executive order as second Emancipation Proclamation don almost vanish, di manifesto wey King and him boys create call for di executive order show say him sabi di American politics well and how moral leadership fit influence di American people through executive order. Although e no fit push for second Emancipation Proclamation from di White House, e still important say make dem try fight di structured forgetting of emancipation wey dey hidden for Civil War memory.&lt;ref&gt;Blight, David W. and Allison Scharfstein, &quot;King's Forgotten Manifesto&quot;. ''The New York Times'', May 16, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President John F. Kennedy ===
On June 11, 1963, President Kennedy talk for national television about civil rights. Kennedy wey some activists dey fit call timid remind di people say two black students don peacefully enter University of Alabama with help from di National Guard, even as Governor George Wallace dey oppose am. John Kennedy call am &quot;moral issue.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Invoking di centennial of di Emancipation Proclamation him talk, 

One hundred years now pass since President Lincoln free slaves, but their pikin dem, their grandsons, still no dey free. Dem still dey suffer from injustice. Dem still dey under social and economic wahala. And dis Na­tion, wey get all di dreams and big talk, go no fit dey fully free until all di people dey free. We dey shout freedom for everywhere, and we mean am, and we hold our freedom tight for home, but wetin we go tell di world, and more importantly, to ourselves say dis na land of di free except for Negroes; say we no get second-class citizens except Negroes; say we no get class or caste system, no ghettoes, no master race except with respect to Negroes? E don reach time for dis Nation to do wetin dem promise. Di wahala for Birmingham and everywhere don make di call for equality loud enough wey no city or State or law-making body fit ignore am. For di same speech, Kennedy talk say e go bring plenty civil rights bill come inside United States Congress, and e really do am one week later. Kennedy dey push for am make dem pass until dem kill am for November 22, 1963. Historian Peniel E. Joseph sabi say how Lyndon Johnson fit take dat bill, di Civil Rights Act of 1964, sign am into law for July 2, 1964, na because of di strong moral vibe wey dey for di June 11 speech, wey change di story of civil rights from one local matter to national gist wey dey promote racial equality and democratic fresh start.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peniel&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kennedy's Finest Moment|author=Peniel E. Joseph|date=June 10, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== President Lyndon B. Johnson ===
As civil rights movement dey hot for 1960s, Lyndon B. Johnson bring Emancipation Proclamation come front, say e be promise we never fully fulfill yet. As vice president, for Gettysburg on May 30, 1963 (Memorial Day), during 100 years anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation, Johnson connect am straight with civil rights wahala wey dey happen, him talk say &quot;One hundred years ago, dem free slave. One hundred years later, Negro still dey suffer because of him skin color.... For this time, na no be our races wey dey at stake—na our nation. Make all wey care for obodo step up, North and South, white and Negro, make dem show way through this hard time.... Until justice no dey see color, until education no dey check race, until opportunity no dey care about men skin color, emancipation go just dey be talk but no be reality. As long as we no fulfill the proclamation of emancipation, we go still dey fall short for freedom for all wey suppose be free.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 30, 1963|title=Remarks of Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson|url=http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329112921/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/630530.asp|archive-date=March 29, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As president, Johnson still bring the proclamation come again for speech wey e talk about Voting Rights Act for Congress on March 15, 1965. Na one week after violence don meet peaceful civil rights marchers during Selma to Montgomery march. Johnson talk say &quot;no be only Negroes, na all of us, wey need to better pass bigotry and injustice. And we go overcome. I be man wey roots dey deep for Southern soil, I sabi how race matter fit dey pain. I sabi how hard e fit be to change our society structure and attitude. But na century don pass—more than 100 years—since dem free Negro. And e no fully free tonight. E don pass 100 years since Abraham Lincoln—one big President from another party—sign Emancipation Proclamation. But emancipation na just talk, no be reality. E don pass century—more than 100 years—since dem promise equality, but the Negro still no get am. E don long since the day dem promise, and di promise still dey ground. Now na di time for justice don show, and I go tell you say I truly believe say no force fit stop am. E go shine for di eye of man and God say e gatz come, and when e show, dat day go bright each American life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Lyndon B. Johnson|date=March 15, 1965|title=We Shall Overcome|url=http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/johnson.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Insyd popular culture ==
[[File:Emancipation_Proclamation_1963_U.S._stamp.1.jpg|thumb|U.S. commemorative stamp, 1963&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Insyd de 1963 episode of ''The Andy Griffith Show'', &quot;Andy Discovers America&quot;, Andy dey biz Barney make he explain de Emancipation Proclamation to Opie wey dey struggle plus history at school.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Episode Guide|url=http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113044056/http://www.tvland.com/shows/andy-griffith-show/episode-guide/season-3|archive-date=November 13, 2013|work=TV Land}}&lt;/ref&gt; Barney dey brag about ein history expertise, yet e be apparent he no fi answer Andy ein question. He finally cam turn frustrated wey he explain am say ebe a proclamation give certain people wey want emancipation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Barney Fife Explains The Emancipation Proclamation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101174953/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTBXUaM6t58&amp;gl=US&amp;hl=en|archive-date=2013-01-01|work=Episode clip, The Andy Griffith Show|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, na de Emancipation Proclamation sanso be a main item of discussion insyd de movie ''Lincoln'' (2012) wey Steven Spielberg direct.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=A. O.|date=2012-11-08|title=A President Engaged in a Great Civil War|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/movies/lincoln-by-steven-spielberg-stars-daniel-day-lewis.html|archive-date=2022-01-01|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-06-01|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Di Emancipation Proclamation dey celebrate all over di world, even for stamp wey nations like Republic of Togo dey use&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://postalmuseum.si.edu/object/npm_2009.2004.1 .5fr Centenary of the Emancipation Proclamation]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;. Di United States mark am for August 16, 1963, di first day for di Century of Negro Progress Exhibition for Chicago, Illinois. Na Georg Olden design am, di first printing wey dem approve na 120 million stamps.&lt;ref name=&quot;Emancipation Proclamation Issue2&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://arago.si.edu/record_202794_img_1.html Emancipation Proclamation Issue]&quot;, Arago: people, postage &amp; the post, Smithsonian National Postal Museum, viewed September 28, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Check dem too ==

* [[:en:District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act|District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act]]
* [[:en:1866_Georgia_State_Freedmen's_Conventions|1866 Georgia State Freedmen's Conventions]]
* [[:en:Juneteenth|Juneteenth]] emancipation in Texas
* [[:en:Abolition_of_slavery_timeline|Abolition of slavery timeline]]
* [[:en:Act_Prohibiting_the_Return_of_Slaves|Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves]] – 1862 statute
* [[:en:Confiscation_Acts|Confiscation Acts]]
* [[:en:Contraband_(American_Civil_War)|Contraband (American Civil War)]]
* ''[[:en:Emancipation_Memorial|Emancipation Memorial]]'' – a sculpture in Washington, D.C., completed in 1876
* [[:en:Emancipation_reform_of_1861|Emancipation reform of 1861]] – Russia
* [[:en:Lieber_Code#Black_prisoners_of_war|Lieber Code]]
* [[:en:Reconstruction_Amendments|Reconstruction Amendments]] – amendments added to the Constitution after 1863
* [[:en:Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833|Slavery Abolition Act 1833]] – an act passed by the British parliament abolishing slavery in British colonies with compensation to the owners
* [[:en:Slave_Trade_Act|Slave Trade Acts]]
* [[:en:Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] – 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
* [[:en:Timeline_of_the_civil_rights_movement|Timeline of the civil rights movement]]
* [[:en:War_Governors'_Conference|War Governors' Conference]] – gave Lincoln the much needed political support to issue the Proclamation

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=Foner |first1=Eric |author-link= |title=The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/fierytrialabraha0000fone |date=2010 |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-06618-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Guelzo|first=Allen C.|author-link=|title=Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOFHPTQYqzgC|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-9965-7}}
===Primary sources===
* C. Peter Ripley, Roy E. Finkenbine, Michael F. Hembree, Donald Yacovone, editors, ''Witness for Freedom: African American Voices on Race, Slavery, and Emancipation'' (1993) {{ISBN|0807820725}}

==Read further==
* Belz, Herman. ''Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era'' (1978) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110816095105/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=103250477 Archived] August 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
* Biddle, Daniel R., and Murray Dubin. &quot;'God Is Settling the Account': African American Reaction to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' (Jan. 2013) 137#1 57–78.
* Blackiston, Harry S. &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Plan.&quot; ''Journal of Negro History'' 7, no. 3 (1922): 257–277.
* Blair, William A. and Younger, Karen Fisher, eds. ''Lincoln's Proclamation: Emancipation Reconsidered'' (The University of North Carolina Press, 2009) {{ISBN|978-0-8078-3316-2}} [https://www.fedbar.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/bookreviews-MA2010-pdf-1.pdf Review]
* Carnahan, Burrus M. ''Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War'' (The University Press of Kentucky, 2007) {{ISBN|978-0-8131-2463-6}}
* Crowther, Edward R. &quot;Emancipation Proclamation&quot;, in ''Encyclopedia of the American Civil War.'' Heidler, David S. and Heidler, Jeanne T. (2000) {{ISBN|0-393-04758-X}}
* Chambers Jr., Henry L. &quot;Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation, and Executive Power.&quot; ''Maryland Law Review'' 73 (2013): 100+ [http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3599&amp;context=mlr online]

* Ewan, Christopher. &quot;The Emancipation Proclamation and British Public Opinion&quot; ''The Historian'', Vol. 67, 2005
* Franklin, John Hope. ''The Emancipation Proclamation'' (1963) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120726125512/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=10793158 Archived] July 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Guelzo, Allen C. [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0025.103/--how-abe-lincoln-lost-the-black-vote-lincoln-and-emancipation?rgn=main;view=fulltext &quot;How Abe Lincoln Lost the Black Vote: Lincoln and Emancipation in the African American Mind&quot;], ''Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association'' (2004) 25#1
* Harold Holzer, Edna Greene Medford, and Frank J. Williams. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: Three Views'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2006) {{ISBN|0-8071-3144-X}}
* Harold Holzer. ''Emancipating Lincoln: The Proclamation in Text, Context, and Memory'' (Harvard University Press, 2012) {{ISBN|978-0-674-06440-9}}
* Jones, Howard. ''Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War'' (1999) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 online] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120627151852/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=6928200 Archived] June 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Mitch Kachun, ''Festivals of Freedom: Memory and Meaning in African American Emancipation Celebrations, 1808–1915'' (2003)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311070211/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105216005 Archived] March 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

* Kennon, Donald R. and Paul Finkelman, eds. ''Lincoln, Congress, and Emancipation'' (Ohio University Press, 2016)
* Kolchin, Peter, &quot;Reexamining Southern Emancipation in Comparative Perspective,&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'', 81#1 (Feb. 2015), 7–40.
* Litwack, Leon F. ''Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery'' (1979), social history of the end of slavery in the Confederacy
* Mack Smith, Denis, ''Garibaldi'' (Great Lives Observed). (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1969)
* McPherson, James M. ''Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction'' (2001 [3rd ed.]), esp. pp.&amp;nbsp;316–321.
* Masur, Louis P. ''Lincoln's Hundred Days: The Emancipation Proclamation and the War for the Union'' (Harvard University Press, 2012)
* Nevins, Allan. ''Ordeal of the Union: vol 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863'' (1960)
* Oakes, James. ''Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865'' (W. W. Norton &amp; Co., 2013) {{ISBN|978-0-393-06531-2}}

* Siddali, Silvana R. ''From Property to Person: Slavery and the Confiscation Acts, 1861–1862'' (Louisiana State University Press, 2005) {{ISBN|0807130427}}
* Stauffer, John. ''Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln'' (Twelve, 2008) {{ISBN|978-0-446-58009-0}}
* Syrett, John. ''Civil War Confiscation Acts: Failing to Reconstruct the South'' (2005)
* Trefousse, Hans L., et al., edited by Harold M. Hyman. ''Lincoln's Decision for Emancipation'' (J. B. Lippincott &amp; Co., 1975) {{ISBN|0-397-47336-2}}
* Tsesis, Alexander. ''We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law'' (2008)
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Vorenberg, Michael. ''Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120525054940/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=105900244 Archived] May 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
* Vorenberg, Michael, ed. ''The Emancipation Proclamation: A Brief History with Documents'' (2010), primary and secondary sources
==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q391358|c=Category:Emancipation Proclamation|n=no|b=no|v=Analysis of the Emancipation Proclamation|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=The Emancipation Proclamation|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r A zoomable image of the Leland-Boker authorized edition of the Emancipation Proclamation held by the British Library] [https://web.archive.org/web/20111208030144/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=C.160.c.4.(1)_f001r Archived] December 8. 2011. at the Wayback Machine
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101122161527/http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=290 Lesson plan on Emancipation Proclamation from EDSITEment NEH]
* [https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation Text and images of the Emancipation Proclamation from the National Archives]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210000843/http://abrahamlincoln200.org/for-kids/lincoln-coloring-book.aspx Online Lincoln Coloring Book for Teachers and Students]
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/EmanProc.html Emancipation Proclamation and related resources at the Library of Congress]
* [http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Emancipation Proclamation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080623225840/http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=39&amp;subjectID=3 Archived] June 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
* First Edition [https://web.archive.org/web/20080807130329/http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/october/emancipation-proclamation.htm Emancipation Proclamation] in 1862 ''Harper's Weekly''

* [http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War] [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011224131/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm Archived] October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
* [http://www.americanabolitionists.com/lincoln-chronology-on-slavery-and-emancipation.html American Abolitionists and Antislavery Activists], chronology of Abraham Lincoln and emancipation
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030114103859/http://www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/hus-emancproc.htm &quot;Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation&quot;]
* [http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/ep/ Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation at the New York State Library] – images and transcript of Lincoln's original manuscript of the preliminary proclamation
* [http://humorinamerica.wordpress.com/2013/02/21/in-the-archives-lincoln-diversion-1862/ The role of humor in presenting the Proclamation to Lincoln's Cabinet]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1865/06/16/news/emancipation-proclamation-interesting-sketch-its-history-artist-carpenter.html?scp=32&amp;sq=emancipation+proclamation&amp;st=p&amp;pagewanted=all 1865 ''NY Times'' article] – Sketch of its History by Lincoln's portrait artist
* [http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Webcast Discussion] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130704053926/https://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/James-McPherson-2012.aspx Archived] July 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine with Pulitzer Prize-winning author James McPherson and James Cornelius, Curator of the Lincoln Collection in the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum about the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation
{{Authority control}}

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      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Jord42000|Jord42000]] ([[User talk:Jord42000|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]]</comment>
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'''Dexamethasone''' be a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication&lt;ref name=AHFS2015/&gt; dem use to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, [[asthma]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD), croup, [[cerebral edema|brain swelling]], eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of sam forms of cancer),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| vauthors = Wilkinson IB |date = 13 July 2017 |title= Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine | url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_d4h8 |page = [https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_d4h8/page/176 176] |publisher = OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-968990-3 }}&lt;/ref&gt; den along plus antibiotics insyd [[tuberculosis]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2015/&gt; Insyd adrenocortical insufficiency, e fi be used in combination plus a mineralocorticoid medication such as fludrocortisone.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015/&gt; Insyd preterm labor, e fi be used to improve outcomes insyd de baby.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015/&gt; Dem fi give am by mouth, as an injection into a muscle, as an injection into a vein, as a topical cream anaa ointment give de skin anaa as a topical ophthalmic solution to de eye.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015/&gt; De effects of dexamethasone frequently be seen within a day den dey last for about three days.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015&gt;{{cite web|title=Dexamethasone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831175940/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=31 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De long-term use of dexamethasone fi result in thrush, bone loss, cataracts, easy bruising, anaa muscle weakness.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015/&gt; E dey insyd pregnancy category C insyd de [[United States]], wey dey mean say e for be use per wen de benefits be predicted to be greater dan de risks.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drugs.com pregnancy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Dexamethasone Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=9 June 2016|quote=Dexamethasone is only recommended for use during pregnancy when there are no alternatives and benefit outweighs risk.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517153059/http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=17 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd [[Australia]], de oral use be category A, wey dey mean e be frequently used insyd pregnancy wey e no be found to cause problems to de baby.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|work=Australian Government|access-date=22 April 2014|date=3 March 2014|quote=Drugs which have been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the fetus having been observed.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem for no take am wen [[breastfeeding]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2015/&gt; Dexamethasone get anti-inflammatory den immunosuppressant effects.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015/&gt;

Dexamethasone first be synthesized insyd 1957 by Philip Showalter Hench wey na dem approve am for medical use insyd 1958.&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA Approval&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Drugs@FDA: Dexamethasone | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&amp;ApplNo=011664 | access-date=27 March 2022 | archive-date=30 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130231459/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&amp;ApplNo=011664 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RankovicHargreaves2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book | vauthors = Rankovic Z, Hargreaves R, Bingham M |title=Drug discovery and medicinal chemistry for psychiatric disorders|date=2012|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-84973-365-6|page=286|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4Mq3Lm1R7kC&amp;pg=PA286|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022353/https://books.google.ca/books?id=J4Mq3Lm1R7kC&amp;pg=PA286|archive-date=5 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Fis2006&gt;{{cite book |vauthors=Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |isbn=978-3-527-60749-5 |page=485 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA485 |access-date=17 June 2020 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110032815/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA485 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO22nd&quot;&gt;{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) | year = 2021 | hdl = 10665/345533 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02 | hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 2023, e be de 246th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Top 300 of 2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=17 August 2025 | archive-date=17 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817043812/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Dexamethasone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Dexamethasone | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is available as a generic medication.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=29 June 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals | access-date=29 June 2023 | archive-date=29 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629233651/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals }}&lt;/ref&gt; Insyd 2023, na de combination of dexamethasone plus neomycin den polymyxin B be de 260th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions;&lt;ref name=&quot;Top 300 of 2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Dexamethasone; Neomycin; Polymyxin B Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/DexamethasoneNeomycinPolymyxinB | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; den de combination of dexamethasone plus [[ciprofloxacin]] be de 283rd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 700,000 prescriptions;&lt;ref name=&quot;Top 300 of 2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Ciprofloxacin; Dexamethasone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/CiprofloxacinDexamethasone | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* {{cite web | title=Dexamethasone Ophthalmic | website=MedlinePlus | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682869.html }}
* {{cite web | title=Dexamethasone Injection | website=MedlinePlus | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a616022.html }}

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      <text bytes="3976" sha1="6ap5d1r60iqqku87acioq2kweiup27h" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''African Entertainment Awards USA''' ('''AEAUSA''') be annual awards ceremony wey dem dey hold for [[New Jersey]], [[United States]], wey Dominic Tamin found am for 2015. De ceremony dey recognize people of African den Caribbean origin for achievement inside music, film, television, sports, fashion, media, den digital content.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2021&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=African Entertainment Award USA now recognized as biggest entertainment award show – Organizers |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/african-entertainment-award-usa-now-recognized-as-biggest-entertainment-award-show-organizers/ |newspaper=The Guardian Nigeria |date=27 December 2021 |access-date=18 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Since dem establish am, de ceremony don nominate den recognize prominent African den Caribbean artists den public figures, wey include nominees den winners from Nigeria, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, den oda countries across de African diaspora.&lt;ref name=&quot;musicinafrica&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=African Entertainment Awards USA: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/african-entertainment-awards-usa-all-winners |website=Music In Africa |date=11 November 2024 |access-date=2 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== History ==
Dem found AEAUSA for 2015 by Dominic Tamin insyd New Jersey.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2021&quot;/&gt; Dem don dey hold de ceremony every year since dem establish am, plus award categories wey span music, film, television, sports, fashion, media, den digital content.&lt;ref name=&quot;musicinafrica&quot;/&gt;

Dem hold de 2020 edition as online event, wey dem stream am for YouTube, sake of restrictions wey [[COVID-19 pandemic]] impose.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard2020&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Actress, Nkechi Blessing, Seun Jimoh unveiled as hosts of African Entertainment Awards USA 2020 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/actress-nkechi-blessing-seun-jimoh-unveiled-as-hosts-of-african-entertainment-awards-usa-2020/ |newspaper=Vanguard |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=9 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2021, Colombian singer [[J Balvin]] receive de Afro-Latino Artist of the Year award. De decision attract public criticism, wey after dat de organising body rename de category to Best Latin Artist of the Year.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2021&quot;/&gt;

Dem hold de 2023 ceremony for 11 November insyd New Jersey. Nominees for dat edition include [[Burna Boy]], [[Wizkid]], [[Davido]], [[Tiwa Savage]], [[Yemi Alade]], [[Diamond Platnumz]], den [[Harmonize]].&lt;ref name=&quot;independent2023&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=AEAUSA Releases Nomination List For 2023 Edition |url=https://independent.ng/aeausa-releases-nomination-list-for-2023-edition/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]|date=19 September 2023 |access-date=12 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De 2024 ceremony include among ein recipients Davido, [[Ayra Starr]], [[Olamide]], [[Chris Brown]], den [[D'Banj]].&lt;ref name=&quot;musicinafrica&quot;/&gt;

For de 2025 edition, de voting period run from 17 October 2025 go 15 December 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguard2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Young Nigerian influencer Realjjfrosh bags int'l nomination |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/10/young-nigerian-influencer-realjjfrosh-bags-intl-nomination/amp/ |newspaper=Vanguard |date=18 October 2025 |access-date=25 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; For February 2026, Aaron St. Louis, wey dem know am as Voice, receive de Calypso/Soca Award for de 2025 edition.&lt;ref name=&quot;ttguardian&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Voice wins 2025 AEAUSA Calypso/Soca Award |url=https://www.guardian.co.tt/article/voice-wins-2025-aeausa-calypsosoca-award-6.2.2528346.b8d3b70f07 |newspaper=Trinidad and Tobago Guardian |date=28 February 2026 |access-date=6 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://aeausa.net}}

[[Category:Awards dem establish insyd 2015]]
[[Category:Organizations based insyd Newark, New Jersey]]
[[Category:African diaspora]]
[[Category:2015 establishments insyd de United States]]
[[Category:American awards]]</text>
      <sha1>6ap5d1r60iqqku87acioq2kweiup27h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>5FM</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30529</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114161</id>
      <parentid>114020</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T13:42:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Make sum corrections</comment>
      <origin>114161</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8636" sha1="e93qouikarenv7tl5tapl8mcdm1gs57" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''5FM''' be South African [[FM radio]] station wey form part of de [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]] (SABC), South Africa ein public broadcaster. 5FM dey follow Top 40 music format wey dem target youth market, plus news den sports coverage.

Originally dem name am '''Radio 5''', dem rebrand de station as &quot;5FM&quot; for 1992, den ein current logo be red &quot;5&quot; plus superscripted &quot;FM&quot; inside circle, plus de words &quot;The Power of&quot; wey dem write along de upper periphery of de circle.

Masixole Mdingane dey manage de station currently, as Business Unit Manager of de PCS Combo ([[Good Hope FM]] &amp; 5FM).

== Current On-Air Lineup ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''''Line Up Correct As Of 1 April 2025.'''''&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2025 |title=FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 5FM COMMENTS ON PRESENTER ARRESTS AS ITS ANNOUNCES IT’S 2025/26 LINE-UP |url=http://www.5fm.co.za/sabc/home/5fm/noticeboard/details?id=6482e8f3-f97e-4099-ac63-fd677217cc53&amp;title=FOR%2520IMMEDIATE%2520RELEASE%25205FM%2520COMMENTS%2520ON%2520PRESENTER%2520ARRESTS%2520AS%2520ITS%2520ANNOUNCES%2520IT%E2%80%99S%25202025/26%2520LINE-UP |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=5FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Weekdays
|-
|'''4&amp;nbsp;am - 6&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Early Mornings
|Tshepi ‘The Big Chief’ Moji
|-
|'''6&amp;nbsp;am - 9&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Breakfast
|[[Nick Hamman]] 
''with Thabo Baloyi (News), Xoli Zondo (Sport)'' 
''and Marli van Eeden (Traffic)''
|-
|'''9&amp;nbsp;am - 12&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|5 Mid Mornings
|Steph B
''with Yonaka Theledi (News)''
|-
|'''12&amp;nbsp;pm - 3&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|5 Lunch
|Lula Odiba
''with Nadia Romanos (News)''
|-
|'''3&amp;nbsp;pm - 6&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|5 Drive
|Zanele Potelwa &amp; Nick Archibald
''with Yanga Mjoli (News) and Jude van Wyk (Sport)''
|-
|'''6&amp;nbsp;pm - 7&amp;nbsp;pm'''
''(Mon - Thurs)''
|The Kyle Cassim Show on 5
|Kyle Cassim
|-
|'''6&amp;nbsp;pm - 10&amp;nbsp;pm'''
''(Friday)''
|The Roger Goode Show on 5
|Roger Goode
|-
|'''7&amp;nbsp;pm - 10&amp;nbsp;pm'''
''(Mon - Thurs)''    
|5 Nights
|Karabo Ntshweng
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;pm - 1&amp;nbsp;am'''
''(Mon - Thurs)''
|5 After Hours
|Leah Jazz
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;pm - 1&amp;nbsp;am'''
''(Friday)''
|In Das we Trust on 5
|Das Kapital
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Saturday
|-
|'''4&amp;nbsp;am - 7&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Weekend Early Mornings
|Tom Hele &amp; Mtha Agbiriogu
|-
|'''7&amp;nbsp;am - 10&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Weekend Breakfast
|Mike V
''with Palesa Lemeke (News) &amp; Aaron Masemola (Sport)'' 
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;am - 2&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|Top 40 on 5 
|Harrison Mkhize
|-
|'''2&amp;nbsp;pm - 5 pm'''
|Smash Afrika Weekends
|Smash Afrika
''with Karabo Hobo (News), Kaybee Modishane (Sport)''
|-
|'''5&amp;nbsp;pm - 7&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|The CINIMIN Show
|Kyle Cassim &amp; Austin Cassim 
|-
|'''7&amp;nbsp;pm-10&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|Piano Plug on 5
|DJ Tshepi
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;pm - 1&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Weekend Nights
|Boipelo Mooketsi
|-
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sunday
|-
|'''4am - 7am'''
|5 Weekend Early Mornings
|Tom Hele &amp; Mtha Agbiriogu
|-
|'''7am - 10am''' 
|5 Weekend Breakfast
|Mike V
''with Palesa Lemeke (News) &amp; Aaron Masemola (Sport)''
|-
|'''10am - 2pm'''
|5 Takeover 
|Jodell Tantij
|-
|'''2&amp;nbsp;pm - 5&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|Smash Afrika Weekends
|Smash Afrika
''with Karabo Hobo (News), Kaybee Modishane (Sport)''
|-
|'''5&amp;nbsp;pm - 7&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|The Sunday Sizzle
|Austin Cassim
|-
|'''7&amp;nbsp;pm - 10&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|5 Hip Hop Nights
|DJ Speedsta
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;pm - 1&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Weekend Nights
|Boipelo Mooketsi
|}

==Origin den history ==
Formerly dem know am as &quot;Radio 5&quot;, de station develop from commercial station, [[LM Radio]], wey na e dey broadcast to South African youth audience from Lourenço Marques (now [[Maputo]]) insyd neighbouring [[Mozambique]].&lt;ref name=&quot;LMHist&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.lmradio.org/History.htm | title=LM Radio History | access-date=25 March 2014 | archive-date=4 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150804204514/http://www.lmradio.org/History.htm | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wen LM Radio shut down by de incoming Frelimo government after Mozambique gain ein independence, de South African government instruct SABC make e take over de staff den de service.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} Dem rename de station Radio 5, den former LM Radio presenter Nick Megans present de first live show wey start for 05:00 on 13 October 1975&lt;ref name=&quot;SABC&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 | url=http://vcmstatic.sabc.co.za/VCMStaticProdStage/CORPORATE/SABC%20Corporate/Document/This_is_the_SABC_text.doc
 | title=Development of Broadcasting in SA
 | publisher=SABC
 | access-date=25 March 2014
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131225200701/http://vcmstatic.sabc.co.za/VCMStaticProdStage/CORPORATE/SABC%20Corporate/Document/This_is_the_SABC_text.doc
 | archive-date = 2013-12-25
}}&lt;/ref&gt; from SABC Broadcast House insyd Commissioner Street. Radio 5 broadcast insyd de [[medium wave]] band from transmitters for [[Springs, Gauteng|Welgedacht]], [[Roodepoort|Maraisburg]], [[Polokwane|Pietersburg]], [[Durban]], [[Bloemfontein]], [[Brackenfell]], [[Port Elizabeth]] den [[Grahamstown]]. Later dem move de broadcasting go de basement of de Broadcast Centre, Auckland Park insyd Johannesburg.

De name Radio 5 indicate say na e be de SABC ein fifth national radio channel for dat time, after [[Radio Sonder Grense|Radio Suid-Afrika]], [[SAfm (South Africa)|Radio South Africa]], [[Springbok Radio]] den Radio Bantu.

Initially de government-controlled SABC require Radio 5 make e be bilingual plus equal weighting of English den Afrikaans. Dem strictly control den censor music content. Radio 5 compete plus de independent Channel 702 (later dem rename am to Radio 702) wey dey broadcast from Bophuthatswana den Capital 604 from de Transkei. Radio 702 change ein music format to Top 40 format, for de advice of American consultant, Bob Hennaberry, den head hunt de former Radio LM presenter [[John Berks]] from Radio 5. Within a year 702 claim nearly a million listeners from de PWV area (now [[Gauteng]]) while de nationwide Radio 5 get less than 150,000.

Malcolm Russell, former Rhodesian TV den radio host, wey host de new Radio 5 Breakfast Show, dem appoint am Programme Director den he initiate mandate make e improve de station, plus de support of Riaan Eksteen wey become Director General of de SABC for 1984. English become de primary broadcast language den dem overhaul commercial scheduling make e be less intrusive. Dem re-engage presenters on annual freelance contract plus shows wey dem name for dem den design by dem.

Dem launch new evening shows make dem compete plus television, one of dem be Chris Prior - de &quot;Rock Professor&quot;. Dem introduce FM stereo nationally, den dem extend broadcasts to 24/7. Dem introduce The Chuckle and Chat, live phone-in show wey dem intersperse plus music, as de first talk show for South African music station, wey David Blood den Tony Sanderson present. E become de most popular programme plus listenership wey peak around 1 million nightly.

Russell make de presenters responsible for dema own success or failure plus de promise say, wen dema year ein contract expire, dem go free make dem renegotiate based on de audience wey de shows deliver. However, Russell remain on salary den he seek make dem negotiate de same performance-based contract for himself. Senior management reject de proposal den Russell resign make he start ein own company, de Broadcast Development Group, den later dem contract am make e assist Radio 702 plus ein repositioning den transition to 702 Talk Radio.

===Former Presenters===

* Mark Gillman
* Alex Jay
* Kevin Savage
* Brian Oxley
* Martin Bailey
* Rafe Lavine
* Tony Blewitt
* Tich Mataz
* Ian F (Also Hosted the 5fm Top 40 with Sasha Martinengo)
* Darren Scott (Drive time with John Walland, Ray White and Leigh-Ann Mol (née Van der Stadt))
* [[Mark Pilgrim (presenter)|Mark Pilgrim]] with Ray White (Weekend Breakfast Show)
* Rob Vega
* Tony Murrell
* Cleone Cassidy
* [[Ursula Chikane|Ursula Stapelfeldt]] (Host of the World Chart Show)
* Sami Sabiti (Host of the World Chart Show)
* Koula (Host of the World Chart Show)
* Nicole Fox
* Sasha Martinengo
* Zuraida Jardine
* [[Gareth Cliff]]
* Derek the Bandit
* Keith Lindsay
* Barney Simon&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/whats-on/giving-rock-a-hard-place-895519|title=Giving rock a hard place|date=28 November 2002|publisher=IOL}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Phil Wright
* Christina Knight (Knight School The Really Early Morning Show on Weekends)
* [[Thando Thabethe]]
* [[Ms Cosmo]]
* [[DJ Fresh (South African DJ)|DJ Fresh]]
* Minnie Ntuli

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
*[//www.5fm.co.za 5FM Website]

[[Category:Radio stations insyd Johannesburg]]
[[Category:Radio stations dem establish insyd 1975]]</text>
      <sha1>e93qouikarenv7tl5tapl8mcdm1gs57</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>114162</id>
      <parentid>114161</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T13:45:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>114162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8597" sha1="a8s5p50zgbkkw05itto037bqryfcfp9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''5FM''' be South African [[FM radio]] station wey form part of de [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]] (SABC), South Africa ein public broadcaster. 5FM dey follow Top 40 music format wey dem target youth market, plus news den sports coverage.

Originally dem name am '''Radio 5''', dem rebrand de station as &quot;5FM&quot; for 1992, den ein current logo be red &quot;5&quot; plus superscripted &quot;FM&quot; inside circle, plus de words &quot;The Power of&quot; wey dem write along de upper periphery of de circle.

Masixole Mdingane dey manage de station currently, as Business Unit Manager of de PCS Combo ([[Good Hope FM]] &amp; 5FM).

== Current On-Air Lineup ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''''Line Up Correct As Of 1 April 2025.'''''&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2025 |title=FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 5FM COMMENTS ON PRESENTER ARRESTS AS ITS ANNOUNCES IT’S 2025/26 LINE-UP |url=http://www.5fm.co.za/sabc/home/5fm/noticeboard/details?id=6482e8f3-f97e-4099-ac63-fd677217cc53&amp;title=FOR%2520IMMEDIATE%2520RELEASE%25205FM%2520COMMENTS%2520ON%2520PRESENTER%2520ARRESTS%2520AS%2520ITS%2520ANNOUNCES%2520IT%E2%80%99S%25202025/26%2520LINE-UP |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=5FM}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Weekdays
|-
|'''4&amp;nbsp;am - 6&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Early Mornings
|Tshepi ‘The Big Chief’ Moji
|-
|'''6&amp;nbsp;am - 9&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Breakfast
|[[Nick Hamman]] 
''with Thabo Baloyi (News), Xoli Zondo (Sport)'' 
''and Marli van Eeden (Traffic)''
|-
|'''9&amp;nbsp;am - 12&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|5 Mid Mornings
|Steph B
''with Yonaka Theledi (News)''
|-
|'''12&amp;nbsp;pm - 3&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|5 Lunch
|Lula Odiba
''with Nadia Romanos (News)''
|-
|'''3&amp;nbsp;pm - 6&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|5 Drive
|Zanele Potelwa &amp; Nick Archibald
''with Yanga Mjoli (News) and Jude van Wyk (Sport)''
|-
|'''6&amp;nbsp;pm - 7&amp;nbsp;pm'''
''(Mon - Thurs)''
|The Kyle Cassim Show on 5
|Kyle Cassim
|-
|'''6&amp;nbsp;pm - 10&amp;nbsp;pm'''
''(Friday)''
|The Roger Goode Show on 5
|Roger Goode
|-
|'''7&amp;nbsp;pm - 10&amp;nbsp;pm'''
''(Mon - Thurs)''    
|5 Nights
|Karabo Ntshweng
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;pm - 1&amp;nbsp;am'''
''(Mon - Thurs)''
|5 After Hours
|Leah Jazz
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;pm - 1&amp;nbsp;am'''
''(Friday)''
|In Das we Trust on 5
|Das Kapital
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Saturday
|-
|'''4&amp;nbsp;am - 7&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Weekend Early Mornings
|Tom Hele &amp; Mtha Agbiriogu
|-
|'''7&amp;nbsp;am - 10&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Weekend Breakfast
|Mike V
''with Palesa Lemeke (News) &amp; Aaron Masemola (Sport)'' 
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;am - 2&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|Top 40 on 5 
|Harrison Mkhize
|-
|'''2&amp;nbsp;pm - 5 pm'''
|Smash Afrika Weekends
|Smash Afrika
''with Karabo Hobo (News), Kaybee Modishane (Sport)''
|-
|'''5&amp;nbsp;pm - 7&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|The CINIMIN Show
|Kyle Cassim &amp; Austin Cassim 
|-
|'''7&amp;nbsp;pm-10&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|Piano Plug on 5
|DJ Tshepi
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;pm - 1&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Weekend Nights
|Boipelo Mooketsi
|-
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sunday
|-
|'''4am - 7am'''
|5 Weekend Early Mornings
|Tom Hele &amp; Mtha Agbiriogu
|-
|'''7am - 10am''' 
|5 Weekend Breakfast
|Mike V
''with Palesa Lemeke (News) &amp; Aaron Masemola (Sport)''
|-
|'''10am - 2pm'''
|5 Takeover 
|Jodell Tantij
|-
|'''2&amp;nbsp;pm - 5&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|Smash Afrika Weekends
|Smash Afrika
''with Karabo Hobo (News), Kaybee Modishane (Sport)''
|-
|'''5&amp;nbsp;pm - 7&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|The Sunday Sizzle
|Austin Cassim
|-
|'''7&amp;nbsp;pm - 10&amp;nbsp;pm'''
|5 Hip Hop Nights
|DJ Speedsta
|-
|'''10&amp;nbsp;pm - 1&amp;nbsp;am'''
|5 Weekend Nights
|Boipelo Mooketsi
|}

==Origin den history ==
Formerly dem know am as &quot;Radio 5&quot;, de station develop from commercial station, [[LM Radio]], wey na e dey broadcast to South African youth audience from Lourenço Marques (now [[Maputo]]) insyd neighbouring [[Mozambique]].&lt;ref name=&quot;LMHist&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.lmradio.org/History.htm | title=LM Radio History | access-date=25 March 2014 | archive-date=4 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150804204514/http://www.lmradio.org/History.htm | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wen LM Radio shut down by de incoming Frelimo government after Mozambique gain ein independence, de South African government instruct SABC make e take over de staff den de service. Dem rename de station Radio 5, den former LM Radio presenter Nick Megans present de first live show wey start for 05:00 on 13 October 1975&lt;ref name=&quot;SABC&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 | url=http://vcmstatic.sabc.co.za/VCMStaticProdStage/CORPORATE/SABC%20Corporate/Document/This_is_the_SABC_text.doc
 | title=Development of Broadcasting in SA
 | publisher=SABC
 | access-date=25 March 2014
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131225200701/http://vcmstatic.sabc.co.za/VCMStaticProdStage/CORPORATE/SABC%20Corporate/Document/This_is_the_SABC_text.doc
 | archive-date = 2013-12-25
}}&lt;/ref&gt; from SABC Broadcast House insyd Commissioner Street. Radio 5 broadcast insyd de [[medium wave]] band from transmitters for [[Springs, Gauteng|Welgedacht]], [[Roodepoort|Maraisburg]], [[Polokwane|Pietersburg]], [[Durban]], [[Bloemfontein]], [[Brackenfell]], [[Port Elizabeth]] den [[Grahamstown]]. Later dem move de broadcasting go de basement of de Broadcast Centre, Auckland Park insyd Johannesburg.

De name Radio 5 indicate say na e be de SABC ein fifth national radio channel for dat time, after [[Radio Sonder Grense|Radio Suid-Afrika]], [[SAfm (South Africa)|Radio South Africa]], [[Springbok Radio]] den Radio Bantu.

Initially de government-controlled SABC require Radio 5 make e be bilingual plus equal weighting of English den Afrikaans. Dem strictly control den censor music content. Radio 5 compete plus de independent Channel 702 (later dem rename am to Radio 702) wey dey broadcast from Bophuthatswana den Capital 604 from de Transkei. Radio 702 change ein music format to Top 40 format, for de advice of American consultant, Bob Hennaberry, den head hunt de former Radio LM presenter [[John Berks]] from Radio 5. Within a year 702 claim nearly a million listeners from de PWV area (now [[Gauteng]]) while de nationwide Radio 5 get less than 150,000.

Malcolm Russell, former Rhodesian TV den radio host, wey host de new Radio 5 Breakfast Show, dem appoint am Programme Director den he initiate mandate make e improve de station, plus de support of Riaan Eksteen wey become Director General of de SABC for 1984. English become de primary broadcast language den dem overhaul commercial scheduling make e be less intrusive. Dem re-engage presenters on annual freelance contract plus shows wey dem name for dem den design by dem.

Dem launch new evening shows make dem compete plus television, one of dem be Chris Prior - de &quot;Rock Professor&quot;. Dem introduce FM stereo nationally, den dem extend broadcasts to 24/7. Dem introduce The Chuckle and Chat, live phone-in show wey dem intersperse plus music, as de first talk show for South African music station, wey David Blood den Tony Sanderson present. E become de most popular programme plus listenership wey peak around 1 million nightly.

Russell make de presenters responsible for dema own success or failure plus de promise say, wen dema year ein contract expire, dem go free make dem renegotiate based on de audience wey de shows deliver. However, Russell remain on salary den he seek make dem negotiate de same performance-based contract for himself. Senior management reject de proposal den Russell resign make he start ein own company, de Broadcast Development Group, den later dem contract am make e assist Radio 702 plus ein repositioning den transition to 702 Talk Radio.

===Former Presenters===

* Mark Gillman
* Alex Jay
* Kevin Savage
* Brian Oxley
* Martin Bailey
* Rafe Lavine
* Tony Blewitt
* Tich Mataz
* Ian F (Also Hosted the 5fm Top 40 with Sasha Martinengo)
* Darren Scott (Drive time with John Walland, Ray White and Leigh-Ann Mol (née Van der Stadt))
* [[Mark Pilgrim (presenter)|Mark Pilgrim]] with Ray White (Weekend Breakfast Show)
* Rob Vega
* Tony Murrell
* Cleone Cassidy
* [[Ursula Chikane|Ursula Stapelfeldt]] (Host of the World Chart Show)
* Sami Sabiti (Host of the World Chart Show)
* Koula (Host of the World Chart Show)
* Nicole Fox
* Sasha Martinengo
* Zuraida Jardine
* [[Gareth Cliff]]
* Derek the Bandit
* Keith Lindsay
* Barney Simon&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/whats-on/giving-rock-a-hard-place-895519|title=Giving rock a hard place|date=28 November 2002|publisher=IOL}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Phil Wright
* Christina Knight (Knight School The Really Early Morning Show on Weekends)
* [[Thando Thabethe]]
* [[Ms Cosmo]]
* [[DJ Fresh (South African DJ)|DJ Fresh]]
* Minnie Ntuli

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
*[//www.5fm.co.za 5FM Website]

[[Category:Radio stations insyd Johannesburg]]
[[Category:Radio stations dem establish insyd 1975]]</text>
      <sha1>a8s5p50zgbkkw05itto037bqryfcfp9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>SABC</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30532</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114165</id>
      <parentid>114024</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T13:54:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Make sum corrections</comment>
      <origin>114165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70773" sha1="o65djywoown8qkd10aahgopca6sip0i" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''South African Broadcasting Corporation''' ('''SABC'''; {{langx|af|Suid-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie}}, '''SAUK''') be de [[public broadcaster]] for [[South Africa]], den e dey provide 19 radio stations ([[Amplitude modulation|AM]]/[[Frequency modulation|FM]]) as well as six television broadcasts den three OTT Services to de general public.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/portal/site/corporate/menuitem.f7f580ebd1506ee48891f2e75401aeb9|title=SABC Station List|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427045156/http://www.sabc.co.za/portal/site/corporate/menuitem.f7f580ebd1506ee48891f2e75401aeb9/|archive-date=27 April 2006|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; E be one of de largest of [[State-owned enterprises of South Africa|South Africa ein state-owned enterprises]] den de biggest state broadcaster for Africa.

Opposition politicians den civil society dey often criticise de SABC, dey accuse am say e be mouthpiece for whichever political party dey insyd majority power, so currently de ruling [[African National Congress]]; during de [[apartheid]] era dem accuse am say e play de same role for de [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=SABC political bias will backfire|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-04-16-sabc-political-bias-will-backfire|newspaper=[[Mail and Guardian]]|date=17 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Company history==
===Early years===
[[File:Corporate arms of the South African Broaadcasting Corporation (1958-1994).png|thumb|Corporate arms of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (1958–1994)|200px]]
Radio broadcasting for [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] start for 1923, under de auspices of [[South African Railways]], before dem license three radio services: de Association of Scientific and Technical Societies (AS&amp;TS) for [[Johannesburg]], de Cape Peninsular Publicity Association for [[Cape Town]] den de Durban Corporation, wey start broadcasting for 1924.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sJh4ziYPoksC&amp;dq=%22African+Broadcasting+Company%22+formed+in+1927%2C&amp;pg=PA114 ''Culture and Customs of South Africa''], Funso S. Afọlayan, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, pages 114–115&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem merge dese into de African Broadcasting Company for 1927, wey [[I.W. Schlesinger]], wealthy businessman own, but for 1 August 1936, dem sell dem to de SABC, wey dem establish dat year through Act of [[Parliament of South Africa|Parliament]].&lt;ref name=&quot;duplessis&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=dU2Yz3u9lMoC&amp;pg=PA89 ''Introduction to Public Relations and Advertising''], D F du Plessis,
Juta and Company Ltd, 2000 p. 89&lt;/ref&gt; De SABC take over de African Broadcasting Company ein staff den assets. E maintain state monopoly on radio until de launch for December 1979 of Capital Radio 604, den [[Radio 702]] for 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;louw&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=r8poAAAAIAAJ ''South African media policy: debates of the 1990s''], P. Eric Louw, Anthroppos, 1993, p. 99&lt;/ref&gt; Although de subscription-funded television service [[M-Net]] launch for 1986, de SABC get monopoly on free-to-air television until de launch of [[e.tv]] for 1998.

During [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] rule from 1948, e come under increasing accusations say e dey bias towards de ruling party. For one time most of ein senior management na members of de [[Broederbond]], de [[Afrikaner]] [[secret society]], den later from institutions like [[Stellenbosch University]].

De SABC na radio service until dem introduce television for 1976. Na three main SABC radio stations dey: de [[SAfm (South Africa)|English Service]] (later dem know am as Radio South Africa), de [[Radio Sonder Grense|Afrikaans Service]] (later dem know am as Radio Suid-Afrika den Afrikaans Stereo) den de commercial station, [[Springbok Radio]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=0lQOAQAAMAAJ ''Africa Institute Bulletin'', Volume 11], 1973, p. 155&lt;/ref&gt;

Programmes for de [[South African English|English]] den [[Afrikaans]] services mainly be news; plays like ''[[The Forsyte Saga]]'', ''Story of an African Farm'', den ''The Summons'', wey dem write den produce for [[South Africa]]; serious talk shows; BBC radio shows; children's programmes, like ''Sound Box''; den light music wey feature [[South Africa]]n orchestras, arrangers, musicians den singers. Accomplished musicians like pianist den composer [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] feature for all three stations regularly for shows like ''Piano Playtime''. Accordionist [[Nico Carstens]] be regular for de Afrikaans programmes.&lt;ref name=&quot;charlessegal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.charlessegal.com/discography.html|website=charlessegal.com|title=Charles Segal Music – Discography |access-date=18 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Recent history ===
[[File:SABC Sea Point.JPG|thumb|SABC offices for [[Sea Point, Cape Town]]]]
Dem release IBA report on de state of de broadcasting industry for South Africa for 29 August 1995. Dem give recommendations say de SABC lose one of ein three television channels, plus de network dem go use for private television, dey demand de creation of two or three private networks. Dem go restructure de broadcaster, den [[Sentech]] go separate. Oda recommendations include de sale of seven radio stations, while dem grant am eleven radio stations, nine of dem for individual Bantu languages, provisions of hour a day of regional programming windows for television den radio, for estimated cost of 262 million rand/year, reintroduction of third channel but for satellite television den de provision of &quot;education and information driven service&quot; to de subcontinental region.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Relaunching the SABC&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 7, October–November 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem set all de channels make dem rebrand dem by March 1996, in line plus restructuring wey begin for de 1993 CODESA talks. Preliminary changes na dem set make dem take place for 1993, but dem delay am after de elections for April 1994.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;More job losses, all channels rebranded&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 7, October–November 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

For November 1995, Africa Monitor report say de SABC dey in talks plus [[Channel 4]] make e deliver ein television channels by satellite, make e cover de entire population. Up until den, dem believe say quarter of de national population receive at least one of de three channels. By January 1996 fourth channel wey dey carry Channel 4 ein programmes na dem set make e begin, den e go convert to digital for July 1996, plus de aim make e create eight-channel pay-TV service.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC/Channel 4 satellite TV venture&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 8, January–February 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

For de end of 1995, de SABC lose ein contract plus Sky News. Footage for news bulletins wey de corporation ein television channels broadcast now BBC World dey supply.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sky loses news slot to BBC&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 8, January–February 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

For 4 February 1996, two years after de ANC come to power, de SABC reorganise ein three TV channels, so say e go be more representative of different language groups.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Leaper |first=Norm |title=Ahh … the Pitfalls of International Communication |journal=Communication World |volume=13 |issue= 6 |pages=58–60 |location=San Francisco, CA |publisher=International Association of Business Communicators |date=June–July 1996 |url=http://www.iabc.com/cw/ |oclc=107299423 |access-date=14 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; De repositioning of de networks give de SABC ein television service de chance make e be &quot;de new voice den de new vision of de [[rainbow nation]]&quot;. Under de new structure, dem compare SABC TV to &quot;[[tower of Babel]]&quot; regarding SABC 1 den SABC 2 ein programming structure, for de eleven official languages, while SABC 3 na all for English. Dem also heavily criticise de relaunch party by some, like [[Angela Van Schalkwyk]], wey mention say American face present de new television offer.&lt;ref name=&quot;123SABC&quot;&gt;&quot;1, 2, 3, SABC!&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 9, April–June 1996&lt;/ref&gt; Dis result in de downgrading of [[Afrikaans]] by reducing ein airtime from 50% to 15%, move wey alienate plenty Afrikaans speakers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Louw |first1=Eric |last2=Mersham |first2=Gary |title=Packing for Perth: The Growth of a Southern African Diaspora |journal=Asian and Pacific Migration Journal |volume=10 |issue= 2 |year=2001 |pages=303–33 |url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf|doi=10.1177/011719680101000204|s2cid=153693948 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027175821/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf |archive-date=27 October 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Starting July 1997, dem commercialise de corporation.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-06-20-sabcs-radical-changes/ SABC's radical changes]&lt;/ref&gt;

For late 1998, de SABC finally start make e broadcast ein channels for [[DStv]], per agreement plus [[Sentech]] make e convert ein channels to digital. De agreement encompass ein three national terrestrial networks, Bop TV den ein thirteen radio stations, plus de hopes of starting two pan-continental television networks, entertainment channel den news channel.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC bites the bullet and goes digital&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 19, November 1998-January 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

De launch of [[e.tv]] prompt de SABC make e restructure ein three television channels for late September 1998. De strategies na sake of e.tv ein promise say de service go be &quot;full-spectrum&quot; channel as opposed to de niche programming of both de SABC den M-Net. SABC 1 reposition einself as entertainment channel for South African youth den young adults, SABC 2 go carry content wey relate to educational den social issues from de rest of Africa to South African audiences, SABC 3 concentrate for mix of news, current affairs den entertainment.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC TV restructures to meet competition&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 19, November 1998-January 1999&lt;/ref&gt; Two satellite channels, wey dey available for DStv, open for 16 November 1998, SABC Africa den Best of Africa (later dem rename am Africa2Africa).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Finally... news channel for Africa&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 20, February–April 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

In line plus ein ambitions make e be &quot;de pulse of Africa ein creative spirit&quot; (SABC ein tagline for de turn of de millennium), de SABC open up to protocols den co-operation agreements plus partners like [[URTNA]], [[Film Resource Unit|FRU]] den de [[Television Trust for the Environment]], dey eye de rest of Africa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Entertainment on Best of Africa&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 20, February–April 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

For 8 August 2003, de SABC unveil ein current logo, wey coincide plus de Your SABC campaign, wey dem unveil for ein three television channels for 7:30pm dat day. At de same time, dem ditch de Topsport brand for SABC Sport.&lt;ref&gt;South Africa: SABC sets to work on hearts and minds. (2003, Aug 12). BBC Monitoring Media&lt;/ref&gt;

Since den dem don accuse de SABC say e dey favour de ruling [[African National Congress|ANC]] party, mostly for news. E still dey dominant for de broadcast media.

Criticism intensify around 2003–2005, wen dem accuse am of wide range of shortcomings wey include self-censorship, lack of objectivity den selective news coverage.

For 20 October 2020, SABC den de government dey in discussion make dem get TV den streaming providers for South Africa make dem collect TV licence on dema behalf.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/da-starts-petition-against-sabc-tv-licence-plan-for-netflix-dstv-20201214|title=DA starts petition against SABC TV licence plan for Netflix, DStv |first=Thinus|last=Ferreira|website=News24|date=14 December 2020|access-date=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 27 March 2021, SABC den eMedia Investments expand dema partnership wey allow [[OVHD|OpenView]] customers make dem receive 3 additional channels as well as dema 19 radio stations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabc.co.za/sabc/sabc-and-openview-sign-a-new-channel-carriage-agreement/|title=SABC AND OPENVIEW SIGN A NEW CHANNEL-CARRIAGE AGREEMENT – SABC – Official Website|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Leaders===
Director General of de SABC:

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; 
! align=center | Surname
! align=center | Name
! align=center | From
! align=center | To
|-
| Caprara
| René Silvio
| 1936
| 1948
|-
| Roos
| Gideon Daniel
| 1948
| 1959
|-
| [[Pieter Johannes Meyer|Meyer]]
| Pieter Johannes
| 1959
| 1980
|-
| De Villiers
| Steve
| 1980
| 1983
|-
| Eksteen
| Riaan
| 1983
| 1988
|-
|Harmse
| Wynand
| 1988
| 1994
|}
Chairman of de SABC Board:

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; 
! align=center | Surname
! align=center | Name
! align=center | From
! align=center | To
|-
| Matsepe-Casaburri 
| Ivy Florence 
|1994
| 1996
|-
| Zulu
| Paulus
| 1996
| 2000
|-
| Maphai
| Thabane Vincent 
| 2000
| 2003
|-
|  Funde 
| Sonwabo Eddie 
| 2003
| 2008
|-
|Mkhonza
| Khanyi 
|2008
| 2009
|-
|Charnley 
|Irene
|2009
|2009
|- 
| Ngubane 
| Baldwin Sipho 
| 2010
| 2013
|-
| Tshabalala 
| Zandile Ellen
| 2013
| 2014
|-
| Maguvhe 
| Mbulaheni Obert 
| 2014
| 2017
|-
|Makhathini
|Bongumusa Emmanuel 
| 2017
| 2022
|-
|Ramukumba
|Khathutshelo Mike
| 2023
| 
|}

==CEOs==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Chief executive officers of de SABC
!Term 
!Name
|-
|1994–1998
|[[Zwelakhe Sisulu|Sisulu, Z.]]
|-
|1998–2000
|Mbatha, H.
|-
|2000
|Khuzwayo, C.
|-
|2000-2005
|Matlare, P.
|-
|2002–2008
|Mpofu, D.
|-
|2008–2009
|Mampone, G.
|-
|2009–2011
|Mokoetle, S.
|-
|2011–2014
|Mokhobo, L.
|-
|2014–2015
|[[Hlaudi Motsoeneng|Motsoeneng, H.]]
|-
|2015
|Matlala, F.
|-
|2015–2016
|Matthews, J.
|-
|2017–2023
|Mxakwe, M.
|-
|2023–present
|Chabeli, N.
|}

==Radio==

===Establishment===
After dem establish am for 1936, de SABC establish services for wetin na de country ein [[official language]]s for dat time, English den [[Afrikaans]], plus dem establish de Afrikaans service for 1937.&lt;ref name=&quot;rsg&quot;&gt;[http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/21add5804ab13012b09bf050940ae043/RSGundefinedcelebratesundefined75undefinedyears-20122903 RSG celebrates 75 years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223153528/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/21add5804ab13012b09bf050940ae043/RSGundefinedcelebratesundefined75undefinedyears-20122903 |date=23 February 2016 }},
SABC, 29 March 2012,&lt;/ref&gt; Broadcasts for languages like [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Sesotho]] den [[Tswana language|Tswana]] follow for 1940.&lt;ref name=&quot;louw&quot; /&gt;

=== Springbok Radio ===
[[Springbok Radio]], de SABC ein first commercial radio service, start broadcasting for 1 May 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;tomaselli&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ti4WAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%221+May+1950%22 ''Broadcasting in South Africa''], Keyan G. Tomaselli
Currey, 1989, page 197&lt;/ref&gt; Bilingual for English den Afrikaans, e broadcast from de Johannesburg Centre for {{frac|113|1|2}} hours a week.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=Yh4oAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22springbok+radio%22+ ''Press, Film, Radio'', Volume 4], Unesco, 1950, page 435&lt;/ref&gt; De service prove say e popular plus advertisers to de extent say for de time of ein launch, dem book commercial time well in advance.&lt;ref name=&quot;duplessis&quot; /&gt;

De station feature wide variety of programming, like morning talk den news, game shows, soap operas like ''Basis Bravo'',&lt;ref name=&quot;tomaselli&quot; /&gt; children's programming, music request programmes, top-ten music, talent shows den oda musical entertainment. One popular Saturday noontime comedy show na ''Telefun Time'', wey ein hosts go phone various people den conjure up situation comedy, similar brand of humour to de films of [[Leon Schuster]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=89ZZAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Telefun+Time%22 ''Scrutiny 2'', Volumes 1–2], Department of English, University of South Africa, 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

By 1985, Springbok Radio na e dey operate for heavy loss.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=aopCAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Springbok+Radio%22+++31+December+1985 ''Debates of Parliament: Hansard''], Volume 8, Issues 19–21, 1988, page 12123&lt;/ref&gt; After e lose plenty listeners plus de handing over of ein shortwave frequencies to [[5FM|Radio 5]] den facing competition from television, e stop broadcasting for 31 December 1985.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/springbok Springbok Radio Revisited] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018023113/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/springbok |date=18 October 2017 }}, SABC&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC News Service ===
Dem establish de News Service for June 1950, wey replace de programmes of de [[BBC]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=MtdDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22springbok+radio%22+1950 ''Report of the Task Group on Broadcasting in South and Southern Africa''], Task Group on Broadcasting in South and Southern Africa, Christo Viljoen, Government Printer, 1991, page 2&lt;/ref&gt; Although dis na sake of say dem see de BBC broadcasts as dey give British viewpoint of current affairs, concern also dey say de SABC service go become overly pro-government, or &quot;Our Master's Voice&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ggENAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+News+Service%22 ''South African Struggle''], J. J. McCord, J. H. De Bussy, 1952, page 432&lt;/ref&gt; By 1968, e get over 100 full-time reporters for de main cities den local correspondents all over de country, plus overseas news wey [[Reuters]], [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]], [[Associated Press|AP]] den [[United Press International|UPI]] provide.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sTFBAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+News+Service%22 ''Area Handbook for the Republic of South Africa'', Volume 550, Issue 93], Irving Kaplan
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, page 450&lt;/ref&gt; Na News Film Unit dey wey, before television for 1976, produce films for news agencies den television organisations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | title=The Johannesburg Saga | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkJBAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=News+Film+Unit | publisher=John R. Shorten Pty Ltd | author= John R. Shorten | year=1970 | page=729}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC Symphony Orchestra ===
De SABC Symphony Orchestra get ein origins for ein three studio ensembles for Johannesburg, Durban den Cape Town den de Municipal Orchestra of de Johannesburg City Council. Wen de SABC centralise ein broadcasting for Johannesburg, de future of de three ensembles na e dey in doubt but at de same time, dem disband de Municipal Orchestra of de Johannesburg City Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3NZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=disbanded ''Official South African Municipal Yearbook''], S.A. Association of Municipal Employees, 1965–1966&lt;/ref&gt; De SABC manage make e form orchestra of 80 musicians from dese groupings for 1954, den while ein main base na for [[Johannesburg City Hall]], e go tour de country.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/broadcastingarou0000mcca &lt;!-- quote=&quot;SABC Symphony Orchestra&quot;. --&gt; ''Broadcasting Around the World''], William E. McCavitt
Tab Books, 1981, page 21&lt;/ref&gt; De orchestra go be led for plenty years by de SABC ein head of music, [[Anton Hartman]], but e get oda conductors as well, like Francesco Mander den Edgar Cree.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=kcBzAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+Symphony+Orchestra%22 ''South Africa: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa''], Department of Information, 1989, page 596&lt;/ref&gt; International composers like [[Igor Stravinsky]] also dey.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=QsgwAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Igor+Stravinsky%22++ ''South African Panorama'', Volume 32], South African Information Service, 1987, page 39&lt;/ref&gt; Dem also create de SABC Junior Orchestra wey begin for February 1966 under Walter Mony.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=49gwAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Walter+Mony%22 ''South African Digest''], Department of Information, 1978, page 17&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Regional radio ===
Dem start regional commercial FM music stations for de 1960s.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;&quot;
|-
! Station
! Launch date
! Replaced by
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Highveld
| 1964
| [[947 (radio station)|947]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Good Hope
| 1965
| Good Hope FM
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Port Natal
| 1967
| [[East Coast Radio (South Africa)|East Coast Radio]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Jacaranda
| 1986
| [[Jacaranda FM]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Oranje
| 1986
| [[OFM (South Africa)|OFM]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Algoa
| 1986
| [[Algoa FM]]
|}

=== Popular music ===
After de establishment of republic den withdrawal from de [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] for 1961, de Afrikaners ein goal na make dem promote dema culture den so, for first, de SABC ein choice of popular music reflect de [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] government ein initial conservatism, especially for de Afrikaans channel, plus musicians like [[Nico Carstens]]. However dem also ostracise Carstens by de SABC, as ein music na de [[Coloured]] den [[Cape Malay|Malay]] communities of Cape Town influence am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=2MU1vxkY16EC&amp;dq=Nico+Carstens+sabc&amp;pg=PA143 ''Sounding the Cape: Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa''], [[Denis-Constant Martin]], African Minds, 2013, page 143&lt;/ref&gt;

Eventually, musicians break through de barrier, wen de young, English-speaking Jewish musician den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] collaborate plus de older Afrikaans lyric-writer, [[Anton Dewaal]], make dem write songs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=kFfpAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Charles+Segal++Afrikaans+lyric-writer,+Anton+Dewaal,++. ''Catalog of Copyright Entries: Musical compositions''], U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957, page 582&lt;/ref&gt; Segal ein songs like &quot;Die Ou Kalahari&quot; become highly popular plus de Afrikaans-speaking public.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=8thDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Charles+Segal+ ''The Star: an extraordinary 20th century''], James Clarke
''[[The Star (South Africa)|The Star]]'', 1999, page 173&lt;/ref&gt; However, tight censorship dey over all broadcasts, especially of pop music, plus, for example, dem ban de music of [[the Beatles]] by de SABC between 1966 den March 1971.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=yz4IAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=south+africa+ban+1966+ ''John Ono Lennon: Volume 2 1967–1980''], Muff Andersson, Ravan Press, 1981, page 281&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1966 de SABC establish external service, wey dem know am as [[Radio RSA]], wey broadcast for English, Swahili, French, Portuguese, Dutch den German. For 1969 de SABC hold national contest make dem find theme music for de service. Popular [[South Africa]]n pianist den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] den co-writer, [[Dorothy Arenson]] win dis contest. Dema composition, &quot;Carousel&quot; remain de theme song for Radio RSA until 1992, wen [[Channel Africa]] replace am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=6cRzAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Channel+Africa+replaced+the+station+Radio+RSA+in+1992%22 ''South Africa Yearbook''], South African Communication Service, 1995, page 292&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1986, de SABC run competition make e promote South African music. Each of de 15 radio stations, wey artist represent, enter song make e compete for de Song for South Africa for de National Song Festival. Dem broadcast de finals live for television. De Radio Port Natal submission win de competition plus de Don Clarke song, ''Sanbonani'', wey P J Powers den Hotline perform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mojapelo|first=Max|title=Beyond Memory: Recording the History, Moments and Memories of South African Music|publisher=African Minds|year=2008|isbn=978-1-920299-28-6|pages=78–79}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC compile de [[album]] sales chart from de end of 1981 to 1995, den de [[Single (music)|singles]] sales chart from 1958 to 1989 wen dem stop make singles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kimberley |first=Christopher |year=1997 |title=South Africa Chart Book |chapter=introduction}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===1996 restructuring===
For 1996 de SABC carry out significant restructuring of ein services. De main English-language radio service become [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]]. De new service, after some initial faltering, soon develop respectable listenership den dem regard am as flagship for de new democracy. However, government interference for de state broadcaster for 2003 see further changes to SAfm wey reverse de growth den put am in rapid decline once more. Today e dey attract only 0.6% of de total population to ein broadcasts. Dem rename de main Afrikaans radio service [[Radio Sonder Grense]] (literally 'Radio Without Borders') for 1995 den e don enjoy greater success plus de transition.

By contrast, SABC Radio ein competitors, like [[Primedia]]-owned [[Radio 702]], [[Cape Talk]] den [[94.7 Highveld Stereo]] don grow steadily for audience den revenue, while oda stations like de black-owned den focused [[YFM]] den [[Kaya FM]] also attract black audiences.

=== Programming policy ===
As of 12 May 2016, de SABC don implement policy make e promote local content. 90% of all music wey dem play for de broadcaster ein 18 radio stations go come from local artists plus focus for kwaito, jazz, reggae den gospel genres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=78a944804cbb4c09b142f18d7727b2d8&amp;page_from=PRESS|title=SABC|website=www.sabc.co.za|access-date=12 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513131340/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=78a944804cbb4c09b142f18d7727b2d8&amp;page_from=PRESS|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Station list===
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; &quot;
|-
! Station
! Language
! Former name(s)
! Launch date
! Website
! Webcast
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]]
| English
| &quot;A&quot; Service; Radio South Africa
| 1936
| [http://www.safm.co.za/ www.safm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235930/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx |date=30 January 2010 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[5FM]]
| English
| Springbok Radio
| 1975
| [http://www.5fm.co.za/ www.5fm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235828/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx |date=30 January 2010 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Metro FM]]
| English
| Radio Metro
| 1986
| [http://www.metrofm.co.za/ www.metrofm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531000724/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx |date=31 May 2013 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Radio 2000]]
| English
| Radio South Africa
| 1986
| [http://www.radio2000.co.za/ www.radio2000.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134437/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-radio2000_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Good Hope FM]]
| English and Afrikaans
| Radio Good Hope
| 1965
| [http://www.goodhopefm.co.za/ www.goodhopefm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828150528/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx |date=28 August 2013 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Radio Sonder Grense|RSG]]
| [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]]
| &quot;B&quot; Service; Radio Suid-Afrika; Afrikaans Stereo
| 1937
| [http://www.rsg.co.za/ www.rsg.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612142737/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx |date=12 June 2012 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Ukhozi FM]]
| [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| Radio Zulu
| 1960
| [http://www.ukhozifm.co.za/ www.ukhozifm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105436/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx |date=20 July 2011 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Umhlobo Wenene FM]]
| [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| Radio Xhosa (&amp; Radio Transkei)
| 1960
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819045019/http://www.uwfm.co.za/ www.uwfm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134501/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-umhlobowenene_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Lesedi FM]]
| [[Sotho language|Southern Sotho]]
| Radio Sesotho
| 1960
| [http://www.lesedifm.co.za/ www.lesedifm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134338/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-lesedi_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Thobela FM]]
| [[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]
| Radio Lebowa
| 1960
| [http://www.thobelafm.co.za/ www.thobelafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134451/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-thobela_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Motsweding FM]]
| [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
| Radio Setswana (&amp; Radio Mmabatho)
| 1962
| [http://www.motswedingfm.co.za/ www.motswedingfm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105515/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/motsweding/motsweding_22.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Phalaphala FM]]
| [[Venda language|Venda]]
| Radio Venda (&amp; Radio Thohoyandou)
| 1965
| [http://www.phalaphalafm.co.za/ www.phalaphalafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134425/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-phalaphala_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Munghana Lonene FM]]
| [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]
| Radio XiTsonga
| 1965
| [http://www.munghanalonenefm.co.za/ www.munghanalonenefm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134408/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-munganalonene_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Ligwalagwala FM]]
| [[Swazi language|Swazi]]
| Radio Swazi
| 1982
| [http://www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za/ www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134346/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ligwalagwala_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[iKwekwezi FM]]
| [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]]
| Radio Ndebele
| 1983
| [http://www.ikwekwezifm.co.za/ www.ikwekwezifm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134330/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ikwekwezifm_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[tru fm]]
| English and Xhosa
| Radio Ciskei; CKI FM
| 1983
| [http://www.trufm.co.za/ www.trufm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134308/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-cki_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Lotus FM]]
| English and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] (for&lt;br /&gt;de [[Indians in South Africa|Indian]]&lt;br /&gt;community)
| Radio Lotus
| 1983
| [http://www.lotusfm.co.za/ www.lotusfm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617082852/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx |date=17 June 2012 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[X-K FM 107.9|X-K FM]]
| [[!Kung language|!Xu]] and [[Khwe language|Khwe]]
|
| 2000
|
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134526/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-x-k_int.asx]
|}

==Television==

===Early history (1975–1995)===
[[File:Oldsabclogo.jpg|frame|SABC logo, used from 1976 to 1996]]
For 1975, after years of controversy over de [[Television in South Africa#Slow introduction|introduction of television]], dem finally allow de SABC make e introduce colour TV service, wey begin experimental broadcasts for de main cities for 5 May 1975, before de service go nationwide for 6 January 1976. Initially, na [[television licence fee|licence fee]] fund de TV service entirely just like de UK, but e begin advertising for 1978. De SABC (both Television den Radio) still dey partly funded by de licence fee (currently [[Rand (currency)|R]]250 a year).

De service initially broadcast only for English den [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], plus emphasis for religious programming on Sundays.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sD4TCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=crossroads%20sabc&amp;pg=PA67 ''Black Television Travels: African American Media Around the Globe''], Timothy Havens, NYU Press, 2013, page 67&lt;/ref&gt; Local soap opera, ''The Villagers'', wey dem set for gold mine, dem receive am well while dem pan oda local productions like ''[[The Dingleys]]'' as amateurish.&lt;ref name=&quot;spectator&quot;&gt;[http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/9th-april-1977/7/boer-war-on-the-box Boer War on the box], Richard West, ''[[The Spectator]]'', 9 April 1977, page 7&lt;/ref&gt;

Majority of acquired programming for South African television come from de United States, although sake of dema opposition to [[apartheid]], some production companies stop make dem sell programmes to de country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Shows Allow Blacks, Whites to Share Cultural Experiences : South African Viewers Get a Mixed TV Message From U.S. Programs|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-25-mn-7271-story.html|access-date=14 August 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=25 May 1986|author=GLENN FRANKEL (from ''The Washington Post'')}}&lt;/ref&gt;
De British actors' union [[British Actors' Equity Association|Equity]] don already start boycott of programme sales to South Africa, wey dem no lift until 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ban-on-sale-of-tv-shows-to-south-africa-lifted-anti-apartheid-blockade-by-actors-union-dropped-1503272.html Ban on sale of TV shows to South Africa lifted: Anti-apartheid blockade by actors' union dropped following reform of broadcasting, but opposition to touring remains], ''[[The Independent]]'', 10 November 1993&lt;/ref&gt; However, dem show [[Thames Television]] police drama series ''[[The Sweeney]]'' den ''[[Van der Valk (1972 TV series)|Van der Valk]]'', briefly for SABC TV,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=gP0wAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=dubbing ''The S.A. film industry''], African Studies Institute of the University of the Witwatersrand, 1979, page 106&lt;/ref&gt; as well as de original version of ''[[Thunderbirds (TV series)|Thunderbirds]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;spectator&quot; /&gt;

Dem [[dubbing (filmmaking)|dub]] plenty imported programmes into Afrikaans den oda indigenous languages, but for 1985, so say e go accommodate English speakers, de SABC begin make e [[simulcast]] de original-language audio of series for [[FM broadcasting|FM radio]] service wey dem call [[Radio 2000]], wey allow viewers make dem watch dem for de original language; de first English-language series wey dem simulcast na ''[[Miami Vice]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-NRDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Miami+Vice ''The voice, the vision: a sixty year history of the South African Broadcasting Corporation''], Malcolm Theunissen, Victor Nikitin, Melanie Pillay, Advent Graphics, 1996, page 120&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC TV also produce lavish musical shows wey feature de most popular South African composers, solo musicians, bands den orchestras. For example, dem give de pianist den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]], half-hour special show: ''The Music of Charles Segal'', wey various local artists like Zane Adams, SABC Orchestra den odas perform selection of ein music. However, e also broadcast pop music series like ''Pop Shop'', wey consist of overseas den local music, den ''Double Track'', wey consist entirely of local acts.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=jSQEAAAAMBAJ&amp;dq=double+track+sabc&amp;pg=PT75 South Africa Radio Denies Local Artists Are Snubbed], ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 18 Dec 1982, page 55&lt;/ref&gt;

Plus limited budget, early programming wey dem target children tend make e be quite innovative, den programmes like de [[Afrikaans]]-language puppet shows ''[[Haas Das se Nuuskas|Haas Das se Nuus Kas]]'' den ''Oscar in Asblikfontein'' still dey fondly remembered by plenty.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thesouthafrican.com/the-top-10-south-african-childrens-tv-shows-from-days-gone-by/ The top 10 South African children's TV shows from days gone by], ''The South African'', 29 November 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1 January 1981, dem introduce two services, TV2 broadcasting for [[Zulu language|Zulu]] den [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] den TV3 broadcasting for [[Sotho language|Sotho]] den [[Tswana language|Tswana]], both targeted at black urban audience.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rJ-uCwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=TV2+broadcasting+in+Zulu+and+Xhosa+and+TV3+broadcasting+in+Sotho+and+Tswana%2C&amp;pg=PA222 ''The Press and Apartheid: Repression and Propaganda in South Africa''], William A. Hachten, C.Anthony Giffard
Springer, 1984, page 222&lt;/ref&gt; Dem divide de main channel, den dem call am TV1, evenly between English den [[Afrikaans]], as before. For 1986, dem introduce new service wey dem call TV4, wey dey carry [[sports]] den [[entertainment]] programming, den e take over de frequencies wey TV2 den TV3 use, wey den get make dem end broadcasting for 21:00.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=NcQZ1D366t8C&amp;q=%22TV4%22++&amp;pg=PA68 ''Communication and Democratic Reform in South Africa''], Robert B. Horwitz, Cambridge University Press, 2001, page 68&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1991, dem combine TV2, TV3 den TV4 into new service wey dem call CCV (Contemporary Community Values).&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RxB1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22contemporary+community+values%22+sabc ''South Africa: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa''], Department of Information, 1992, page 131&lt;/ref&gt; Dem introduce third channel wey dem know as TSS, or Topsport Surplus Sport, Topsport being de brand name for de SABC ein sport coverage, but NNTV (National Network TV), educational, non-commercial channel, replace am for 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-NRDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22february+11%22++ ''The voice, the vision: a sixty year history of the South African Broadcasting Corporation''], Malcolm Theunissen, Victor Nikitin, Melanie Pillay, Advent Graphics, 1996, page 127&lt;/ref&gt;

===Competition and restructuring===
For 1986, de launch of subscription-based service wey dem know as [[M-Net]] challenge de SABC ein monopoly for de television industry, wey consortium of newspaper publishers back am. Dem prohibit dis service from broadcasting ein own news programmes, wey still na de SABC ein preserve. Direct-to-home satellite television for South Africa begin wen M-Net ein parent company, [[Multichoice]], launch ein first-in-the-world digital satellite TV service, [[DStv]], for 1995. For de time, dem no broadcast SABC TV channels for dis network, but dem later reach agreements wey allow DStv make e carry de SABC channels as well. For 1998, de launch of de first free-to-air private TV channel, [[etv (South Africa)|e.tv]], further erode de SABC ein dominance of free-to-air terrestrial television.

For 1996, de SABC reorganise ein three TV channels plus de aim make e make dem more representative of de various cultural groups.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/25/world/the-voice-of-apartheid-goes-multicultural.html The Voice of Apartheid Goes Multicultural], Kimberly J. McLarin, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 25 July 1995&lt;/ref&gt; Dem call dese new channels [[SABC 1]], [[SABC 2]] den [[SABC 3]]. De SABC also absorb de [[Bop TV]] channel of de former [[Bophuthatswana]] [[bantustan]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/199811270013.html Africa: e.tv accuses SABC], ''[[Business Day (South Africa)|Business Day]]'', 27 November 1998&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1996 den 1998, de SABC get satellite television service wey dem call [[AstraSat]], wey operate two channels, AstraSport den AstraPlus. Technological problems den advertising losses lead to de scrapping of de service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=S. African sat crash|url=https://variety.com/1998/biz/news/s-african-sat-crash-1117467702/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=Variety |date=11 February 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116224402/https://variety.com/1998/biz/news/s-african-sat-crash-1117467702/ |archive-date=16 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC TV programmes for Afrikaans den oda languages now dem dey subtitle dem for English, but dem no dey usually subtitle programmes for English for oda languages, de perception being say all South Africans fi understand English.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=7nIpJOUcvX8C&amp;dq=sabc+tv+subtitles+afrikaans&amp;pg=PA132 ''Language Policy and Nation-Building in Post-Apartheid South Africa''], Jon Orman
Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2008, page 132&lt;/ref&gt; Previously, subtitling na dem confine am to productions like operas den operettas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=1hN1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=subtitles ''Information Digest''], The South Africa Foundation, 1989, page 80&lt;/ref&gt;
Dem no use am for TV1, for de assumption say most viewers understand both Afrikaans den English,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=furtAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22many+South+Africans+understand+both%22 Surfing through the languages], ''[[The Economist]]'', Volume 335, Issues 7917–7920, page 152&lt;/ref&gt; nor for CCV, despite presenters dey use two or more different languages during single programme.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSoIAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=modise ''African Film and Television Magazine, Volume 7''], Z Productions, 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

===New services===
For 2005, de SABC announce proposed creation of two complementary regional television channels, SABC4 den SABC5, make dem emphasise indigenous languages.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200506150754.html South Africa: ICASA Grants the Public Broadcaster Licences to Cater for Marginalized Languages], ''[[AllAfrica]]'', 15 June 2005&lt;/ref&gt; SABC4, wey base for Mafikeng, na dem go broadcast am for [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Sesotho language|Sesotho]], [[Pedi language|Pedi]], [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]], [[Venda language|Venda]], den Afrikaans, to de northern provinces of de country, while SABC5, wey base for Cape Town, na dem go broadcast am for [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]], den [[Swazi language|Swazi]], as well as Afrikaans, to de southern provinces. Unlike oda SABC TV services, SABC4 den SABC5 no na dem go make dem available via satellite.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/SABCs-ready-to-roll-20050314 SABC's ready to roll], ''[[News24 (website)|News24]]'', 14 March 2005&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from soundbites for news or current affairs programmes, no English-language programming na dem go show for either channel.&lt;ref&gt;[https://variety.com/2005/scene/markets-festivals/sabc-adds-channels-1117924696/ SABC adds channels], ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', 19 June 2005&lt;/ref&gt; However, de plans fall through den for 2015, de SABC state say e go launch two new channels, SABC News den SABC Encore.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/Hlaudi-SABC-will-now-start-DTT-with-5-TV-channels-20150520 Hlaudi: SABC will now start DTT with 5 TV channels], ''[[News24 (website)|News24]]'', 20 May 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2013, de SABC announce plans make e launch new news channel, SABC News, wey go be available for DStv, instead of make e wait for de introduction of [[digital terrestrial television]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/media/2013/07/26/sabcs-24-hour-news-channel-raises-many-questions SABC's 24-hour news channel raises many questions], ''[[Business Day (South Africa)|Business Day]]'', 26 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2015, SABC partner up plus online TV platform Tuluntulu make dem launch two more channels wey na SABC Education den SABC Children.

According to de SABC, de factors wey dem dey consider wen dem dey decide how much time language go get for television be: how many home language speakers dey for de coverage area of channel; de geographical spread of de language; de extent to which members of language community fi understand oda languages; de extent of marginalisation of language; de extent to which oda South Africans understand de language; den whether content wey dey use de language dey available.&lt;ref name=SABCFAQ1&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!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|title=About the SABC &gt; Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027152345/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!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|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC currently dey plan make e launch five channels, four of dem being language-targeted:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/sabc-wants-to-launch-5-new-tv-channels-20160425|title=SABC wants to launch 5 new TV channels|date=25 April 2016|access-date=25 September 2019|author=Thinus Ferreira|website=[[News24 (website)|Channel24]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Channel wey dey target [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Northern Sotho language|Pedi]] den [[Sotho language|Sotho]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Swazi language|Swazi]] den [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]] den [[Venda language|Venda]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] speakers
*SABC sports channel

SABC TV get audience of over 30&amp;nbsp;million.&lt;ref name=SABCAdBG&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/advertising%7ctitle=ADVERTISING%7cpublisher=sabc.co.za|title=ADVERTISING|accessdate=28 February 2023}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC1 reach 89% of de public, SABC2 reach 91% of de public, den SABC3 reach 77% of de public, according to de broadcaster.&lt;ref name=SABCFAQ1/&gt; De SABC get 18 radio stations, wey get more than 25&amp;nbsp;million weekly listeners.&lt;ref name=SABCAdBG/&gt;

For 2018, SABC scrap part of de plans from 2015 den downsize dema DTT plans from 18 TV channels to just 9 TV channels sake of financial woes. De SABC get SABC 1-3 den News wey dey fall under de 9 channels plus de rest being: 
*Sports channel
*Health channel
*History channel
*Parliamentary channel
*Education channel

All dese channels need funding make dem materialize den without am de channels remain dream. Dem go craft all dese channels through partnerships den group executive for de SABC mention say if dem able make dem get de sports channel running for SD den maybe dem go able make dem get ninth channel wey be history.&lt;ref&gt;[https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-sabc-downsizes-its-unfunded-digital.html?m=1: The SABC downsizes its unfunded digital TV dream for DTT from 18 to these 9 TV channels.], ''[[TV With Thinus]]'', 26 September 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

For 4 May 2020 amidst de coronavirus outbreak, de SABC launch ein educational channel wey dem call SABC Education through DTT den YouTube plus additional platforms wey go come soon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-sabc-launches-sabc-education-as-new.html?m=1|title=The SABC launches SABC Education as a new tv channel, will debut 4 May 2020 on YouTube and on DTT|date=30 April 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|author=Thinus Ferreira|website=[[TV with Thinus]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC Encore shut down from de end of May apparently MultiChoice den SABC agreement for de channel end back for 2018 wey give de channel 2-year open window. De SABC talk say dem dey explore oda de idea of continuing de channel through anoda platform.

For November 2020, SABC sign channel den radio distribution agreement plus [[Telkom (South Africa)|Telkom]] for dema new streaming service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/11/telkom-launches-its-telkomone-video.html?m=1 | title=TV with Thinus: Telkom launches its TelkomONE video streaming service including linear TV channels with free package and R7 per day subscription; plans more bouquets and says 'we're here for the long run' | date=9 November 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem also launch dema own catch-up den video on demand streaming service wey dem call SABC Plus for 17 November 2022, similar to [[BBC iPlayer]], after two years of announcements.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/sabc-launches-streaming-app-sabc-plus/ | title=SABC launches streaming app SABC Plus | date=17 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Reception outside South Africa==
[[File:South African Broadcast Corporation. Overseas Transcription Service - 33rpm record.jpg|thumb|1970s SABC record for overseas transcription services.]]

===Botswana, Lesotho and Eswatini===

SABC television via satellite also don dey widely available for neighbouring [[Lesotho]] den [[Eswatini]], as well as [[Botswana]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&amp;dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&amp;pg=PA22 ''Media Law in Botswana''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018083009/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&amp;pg=PA22&amp;lpg=PA22&amp;dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=p4BslKmA51&amp;sig=0WuFO9QpUYgVPrv71hZkOPpJWXE&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjt37bu1PjKAhWGAJoKHUNCBIwQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&amp;q=botswana%20gbc%20tv%201988&amp;f=true |date=18 October 2017 }}, Kluwer Law International, 2011, p. 22&lt;/ref&gt; During de AstraSat period, SABC 1 den SABC 3 get more audience dan [[Eswatini TV|Swazi TV]], as locals believe say de service dey bias den underdeveloped. Wen de shutdown of AstraSat signals begin for 11 September 2000 plus SABC 3, de audience lose ein access, wey reveal de limitations of de Swazi media structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=SABC Cut Reveals Swaziland's Media Gap|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200311110693.html |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=AllAfrica|date=18 September 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020705194846/https://allafrica.com/stories/200009180156.html |archive-date=5 July 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; After complaints from rights holders for Botswana, SABC encrypt ein TV channels, wey cut off viewers for those countries.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.itwebafrica.com/ict-and-governance/361-botswana/231218-sentechs-pirated-botswana-signal-finally-off-air Sentech's 'pirated' Botswana signal finally off-air], ''ITWeb Africa'', 1 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

===Namibia===
Until 1979, de SABC operate broadcasting services for [[Namibia]], wey na e dey under [[South-West Africa|South African rule]] for dat time, but for dat year, dem transfer dese to de [[Namibian Broadcasting Corporation#From SABC to SWABC|South West African Broadcasting Corporation]] (SWABC).&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=B-I-AQAAIAAJ ''The Laws of South West Africa''], J. Meibert, 1979&lt;/ref&gt; However, de SWABC retain technical personnel from de SABC, den dem prepare number of ein programmes for de SABC ein studios for [[Johannesburg]] before dem dispatch dem to Windhoek for transmission.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=BlhEAQAAIAAJ ''Sub-Saharan Africa Report, Issues 80–86''], Foreign Broadcast Information Service., 1985, p. 40&lt;/ref&gt;

De SABC also help de SWABC make e establish television service for 1981.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=SkVNAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22television+service%22 ''SWA/Namibia Today''], Section Liaison Services, Department of Governmental Affairs, 1988, page 98&lt;/ref&gt; Dis comprise mix of programming for English, Afrikaans den German, 90 per cent of which come from or via de SABC.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rl81AQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22afrikaans+programmes%22 ''Economic development strategies for independent Namibia''], Harbans Singh, Wilfred W. Asombang, United Nations Institute for Namibia, 1989, page 26&lt;/ref&gt; Dem show programmes locally week after South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;guide&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9I0jAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Walvis+Bay%22 ''International TV &amp; Video Guide''], Richard Paterson, Tantivy Press, 1986, pages 181–183&lt;/ref&gt; De SWABC receive SABC TV programming (wey e record, edit den rebroadcast) first by using [[microwave]] link, den later via [[Intelsat]] [[satellite television|satellite]] link.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3j7tAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=SABC+ ''Namibia Review'', Volume 11], Directorate of Production and Publicity, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 2002, page 16&lt;/ref&gt; De SWABC become de [[Namibian Broadcasting Corporation]] (NBC) after de country ein independence for 1990.

However, [[Walvis Bay]], [[enclave]] of South Africa for Namibia until 1994, receive de SABC ein TV1 for low-power repeater, wey dem broadcast live via Intelsat from 1986.&lt;ref name=&quot;guide&quot; /&gt;

===Mozambique===
Wen [[Televisão de Moçambique]] (for de time Televisão Experimental de Moçambique) na e dey ein infancy, den e operate for single transmitter for Maputo, dem report say, for 1987, officials of de said country ein ruling party [[FRELIMO]] na dem report say dem tune in to stronger SABC TV signals, wey dey come from Johannesburg. For de time, de lone TVE Moçambique transmitter get weak power.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Zucchino |first1=S. |title=The maiming of Mozambique; S. Africa dominates poverty-torn neighbor |work=[[The Ottawa Citizen]] |date=26 September 1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cable company [[TVCabo (Visabeira)]] offer SABC1, SABC3 den Bop TV for ein first few years of operation.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por= TV CABO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020609220511/http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por= |date=9 June 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem remove dese alongside e.tv sake of rights issues, for situation similar to wetin go happen for Botswana ten years later, den dem replace dem plus oda channels from de DStv bouquet, for August 2003,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031104023243/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/ |date=4 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt; wey cause uproar from subscribers.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094933/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/ |date=21 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094150/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/ |date=21 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==International services==

For 1998, de SABC begin make e broadcast two TV channels to de rest of Africa: SABC Africa, news service, den Africa 2 Africa, entertainment programming from South Africa den oda African countries, via [[DStv]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=XsTSXIhG2sgC&amp;dq=%22Africa+2+Africa%22+tv+channel&amp;pg=PA34 ''Media Studies: Institutions, theories, and issues''], Pieter J. Fourie, Juta and Company Ltd, 2001, page 54&lt;/ref&gt; For 2003, dem merge Africa 2 Africa plus SABC Africa make e create hybrid service, wey draw programming from both sources.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3aYdIxYf9NoC&amp;dq=In+2003%2C+%22Africa+2+Africa%22+was+merged+with+%22SABC+Africa%22&amp;pg=PA121 ''Transnational Television Worldwide: Towards a New Media Order''], Jean K. Chalaby
I.B.Tauris, 2005, page 121&lt;/ref&gt; SABC Africa close for August 2008 after dem no renew de SABC ein contract plus DStv.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mg.co.za/article/2008-07-14-sabc-africa-to-go-off-air-for-now SABC Africa to go off air for now], ''[[Mail and Guardian]]'', 14 July 2008&lt;/ref&gt; For 2007, de SABC launch 24-hour international news channel, SABC News International, but e close for 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mg.co.za/article/2010-02-05-sabc-international-goes-bust SABC International goes bust], ''[[Mail and Guardian]]'', 5 February 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

== Criticisms and controversies ==

=== Accusations of pro-ANC bias ===
Dem don accuse de SABC say e be government den [[African National Congress|ruling party]] mouthpiece, especially for de lead-up to de [[South African general election, 2014|2014 South African elections]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ed|first=Herbst|title=ANC tightens its grip on the SABC|url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/66/101739.html#topstory|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232903/http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/66/101739.html#topstory|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 December 2013|publisher=BizCommunity.com|access-date=23 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC phone tapping revelations|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadcasting/100474-sabc-phone-tapping-revelations.html|publisher=MyBroadband|access-date=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; especially after e refuse make e air de campaign adverts of various opposition parties,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DA cries 'political censorship' as SABC refuses to air second advert|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2014/04/30/da-cries-political-censorship-as-sabc-refuses-to-air-second-advert|publisher=Times Live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC bans EFF advert|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/04/22/sabc-bans-eff-advert---video|publisher=Sowetan Live|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033034/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/04/22/sabc-bans-eff-advert---video|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den again for 2015 wen e censor de video feeds of de 2015 State of the Nation address wey portray de ANC den President Jacob Zuma for negative light.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC censored SONA broadcast|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadcasting/118913-sabc-censored-sona-broadcast-enca-satellite-signal-jammed.html|website=mybroadband.co.za|publisher=mybroadband|access-date=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
For 2015, Minister of Communications, [[Faith Muthambi]] reinforce de notion say de SABC na state-owned company, den therefore, subject to control by de Department of Communications den de [[African National Congress|ruling party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The SABC is a state owned company: Communications Minister|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2015/03/17/the-sabc-is-a-state-owned-company-communications-minister|access-date=17 March 2015|agency=Sapa|publisher=Times LIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For August 2005, de SABC come under heavy fire from independent media den de public sake of say e fail make e broadcast footage wey deputy president [[Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka]] boo offstage by members of de [[ANC Youth League]], wey na dem dey show support for de newly axed ex-deputy president, [[Jacob Zuma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=248529&amp;area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__national/|title=Mail and Guardian article on Youth League Controversy|access-date=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rival broadcaster [[e.tv]] publicly accuse SABC of biased reporting sake of say e fail make e show de video footage of de humiliated deputy president. [[Snuki Zikalala]], Head of News den ex-ANC spokesperson retort say dema cameraman no dey for de meeting. Dem later establish say dis claim be false wen dem release e.tv footage wey show say SABC cameraman dey film de incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundayindependent.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=1042&amp;fArticleId=2872217|title=Sunday Independent|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De SABC ein government connections also come under scrutiny wen, for April 2005, Zimbabwean president [[Robert Mugabe]] dem interview live by Zikalala, wey be former ANC [[political commissar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.suntimes.co.za/2004/07/25/insight/in02.asp|title=Insight|website=suntimes.co.za|date=25 July 2004|access-date=1 October 2005|archive-date=16 February 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050216154216/http://www.suntimes.co.za/2004/07/25/insight/in02.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; De public deem de interview say e sidestep 'critical issues', den say e avoid difficult questions regarding Mugabe ein radical land-reform policies den human rights violations.

=== Accusations of censorship ===

For May 2006, dem accuse de SABC of [[self censorship|self-censorship]] wen e decide say e no go air documentary on South African president [[Thabo Mbeki]], den for early June 2006, de news organisation request say de producers (from Daylight Films) no speak about am. Independent media groups widely criticise dis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20060610091410712C874542|title=IOL News Report|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In response, de [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]] issue alert concerning de SABC ein apparent trend toward self-censorship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/74682/|title=IFEX Self-Censorship Warning|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For June 2006, de [[International Federation of Journalists]] denounce de cancelling of de Thabo Mbeki documentary, dey cite &quot;self-censorship&quot; den &quot;politically-influenced managers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=13&amp;art_id=vn20060619012849541C504021|title=IFOJ comment on Mbeki documentary|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Also for June 2006, [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]] host [[John Perlman]] disclose on air say de SABC don create blacklist of commentators.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/|title=Business Day|website=BusinessLIVE|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC CEO [[Dali Mpofu]] create commission of inquiry make e investigate de allegations say dem blacklist individuals for Zikalala ein behest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=3015&amp;art_id=vn20060624083017227C257392|title=IOL on blacklisting allegations|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=275243&amp;area=/insight/insight__national/|title=MG on blacklisting allegations|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215153/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=275243&amp;area=%2Finsight%2Finsight__national%2F|archive-date=27 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Perlman eventually resign from SAfm, den de broadcaster come under heavy criticism from free media advocates.

Shortly before de ANC ein 2012 elective conference for Mangaung, de board of de SABC hand control of news, television, radio den sport to COO [[Hlaudi Motsoeneng]]. Some for de SABC interpret de board ein decision as calculated attempt make e ensure say dem give ANC faction close to President Jacob Zuma positive coverage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-05-00-sabc-chief-takes-control|title=SABC chief takes control|date=5 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; During press conference wey de SABC hold for 6 December 2012, make e explain why e prevent three journalists from participating for discussion on how de media go cover de ANC ein elective conference for Manguang, Hlaudi Motsoeneng talk say whenever dem discuss de ANC for de SABC, ANC party representative must dey present.

For April 2014, SABC chairperson, Ellen Zandile Tshabalala, warn journalists say de [[National Intelligence Agency (South Africa)|NIA]] dey wiretap dema phones, den remind dem make dem be loyal to de ANC ruling party. Wen dem challenge am for de matter, Tshabalala insist say dem take ein comments out of context. De scandal erupt for de same time say de DA official opposition accuse de SABC of censorship&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC censoring our adverts: DA|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2014/04/11/sabc-censoring-our-adverts-da|publisher=TimesLive|access-date=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; wen dem stop make dem air television advert wey refer to de ongoing [[Nkandlagate]] scandal.

For February 2015, dem accuse de SABC of censoring video den audio feeds of de State of the Nation address for Parliament, after opposition party [[Economic Freedom Fighters|EFF]] forcefully eject armed plain-clothes policemen after e interrupt de President ein speech. Dem also censor footage of opposition party [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]] walking out in protest over de presence of de armed personnel. Dis na in addition to de presence of signal-jamming device wey prevent journalists den MP's from being able make dem use dema mobile devices make dem post news online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SONA: What the ANC did not let the nation see|url=http://themediaonline.co.za/2015/02/sona-what-the-anc-did-not-let-the-nation-see/|website=The Media Online|access-date=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem criticise de SABC for banning footage wey show protests den demonstrations for de run-up to de 2016 local elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Mahr |first1=Krista |date=13 July 2016 |title=South African public broadcaster accused of censorship |newspaper=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3646af1e-490c-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/3646af1e-490c-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; For July 2016, eight SABC journalists challenge de broadcaster ein decision make e censor news items, den dem dismiss dem from de organisation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sabc-8-have-all-been-fired-20160719|title=SABC 8 have all been fired|newspaper=News24|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-07-19-breaking-news-sabc-fires-two-more-journalists/|title=Two more of the #SABC8 journalists have been fired|author=News 24|newspaper=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequent hearing for de Labour Court find say de dismissals unlawful den order de reinstatement of four of de full-time SABC employees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36867985|title=South Africa sacked reporters win SABC censorship case|date=26 July 2016|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; During dis period dem subject de eight journalists, including [[Suna Venter]], to number of death threats den oda forms of intimidation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2016-09-18-death-threats-spook-sabc-staffers/|title=Death threats spook SABC staffers|last=HOFSTATTER|first=STEPHAN|date=18 September 2016|website=Timesonline.co.za|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629205558/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2016-09-18-death-threats-spook-sabc-staffers/|archive-date=29 June 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=1 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For October 2016,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.za/speeches/communications-committee-set-begin-inquiry-sabc-board-13-oct-2016-0000|title=Parliament on inquiry into SABC board &amp;#124; South African Government|website=www.gov.za|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; de South African parliament begin make e investigate corruption allegations against SABC den ein Group Executive of Corporate Affairs - Hlaudi Motsoeneng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/censorship-and-corruption-whats-going-south-africas-public-broadcaster-532421?rx=us|title=Five things you should know about South Africa's scandal-hit public broadcaster|date=16 December 2016|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; For 12 December, de Western Cape High Court rule say dem remove Motsoeneng from office effective immediately.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ewn.co.za/2016/12/12/hlaudi-removed-sabc|title=High Court rules Hlaudi Motsoeneng must be removed from position|last=Brandt|first=Kevin|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC Encore's launch party ===

For de channel ein launch event, de COO of SABC for de time use dat event make e rant about making pay-TV platforms like MultiChoice ein DStv pay for SABC 1-3 den how de SABC be 'blind person' dey run. He also take de stage make e call out those plus dema 'lack of knowledge' over de deal wey de public broadcaster get for de channel alongside SABC News.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2015/05/at-bizarre-sabc-encore-channel-launch.html?m=1|title = TV with Thinus: At bizarre SABC Encore channel launch event, SABC's Hlaudi Motsoeneng rants and raves, saying 'MultiChoice must pay'; SABC is 'coming for pay-TV'|date = 12 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.sabc.co.za }}
*[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20060610091410712C874542 IOL – SABC gags Mbeki 'unauthorised' documentary]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061109005832/http://www.mg.co.za/ContentImages/286709/SABCBLACKLISTREPORT.pdf Report of SABC Commission on Blacklisting]

[[Category:1936 establishments in South Africa]]
[[Category:Broadcasting in South Africa]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Censorship in South Africa]]
[[Category:Organisations associated with apartheid]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1975]]
[[Category:Multilingual broadcasters]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1936]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1936]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1936]]
[[Category:State media]]
[[Category:Blacklisting]]
[[Category:South African news websites]]
[[Category:Mass media in Johannesburg]]
[[Category:African Union of Broadcasting members|SABC]]
[[Category:Publicly funded English language broadcasters]]</text>
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      <id>114166</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
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      <comment>Make sum corrections</comment>
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      <text bytes="70830" sha1="8moc8ft9ezj4xglyldvto18keushocg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''South African Broadcasting Corporation''' ('''SABC'''; {{langx|af|Suid-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie}}, '''SAUK''') be de [[public broadcaster]] for [[South Africa]], den e dey provide 19 radio stations ([[Amplitude modulation|AM]]/[[Frequency modulation|FM]]) as well as six television broadcasts den three OTT Services to de general public.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/portal/site/corporate/menuitem.f7f580ebd1506ee48891f2e75401aeb9|title=SABC Station List|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427045156/http://www.sabc.co.za/portal/site/corporate/menuitem.f7f580ebd1506ee48891f2e75401aeb9/|archive-date=27 April 2006|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; E be one of de largest of [[State-owned enterprises of South Africa|South Africa ein state-owned enterprises]] den de biggest state broadcaster for Africa.

Opposition politicians den civil society dey often criticise de SABC, dey accuse am say e be mouthpiece for whichever political party dey insyd majority power, so currently de ruling [[African National Congress]]; during de [[apartheid]] era dem accuse am say e play de same role for de [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=SABC political bias will backfire|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-04-16-sabc-political-bias-will-backfire|newspaper=[[Mail and Guardian]]|date=17 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Company history==
===Early years===
[[File:Corporate arms of the South African Broaadcasting Corporation (1958-1994).png|thumb|Corporate arms of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (1958–1994)|200px]]
Radio broadcasting for [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] start for 1923, under de auspices of [[South African Railways]], before dem license three radio services: de Association of Scientific and Technical Societies (AS&amp;TS) for [[Johannesburg]], de Cape Peninsular Publicity Association for [[Cape Town]] den de Durban Corporation, wey start broadcasting for 1924.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sJh4ziYPoksC&amp;dq=%22African+Broadcasting+Company%22+formed+in+1927%2C&amp;pg=PA114 ''Culture and Customs of South Africa''], Funso S. Afọlayan, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, pages 114–115&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem merge dese into de African Broadcasting Company for 1927, wey [[I.W. Schlesinger]], wealthy businessman own, but for 1 August 1936, dem sell dem to de SABC, wey dem establish dat year through Act of [[Parliament of South Africa|Parliament]].&lt;ref name=&quot;duplessis&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=dU2Yz3u9lMoC&amp;pg=PA89 ''Introduction to Public Relations and Advertising''], D F du Plessis,
Juta and Company Ltd, 2000 p. 89&lt;/ref&gt; De SABC take over de African Broadcasting Company ein staff den assets. E maintain state monopoly on radio until de launch for December 1979 of Capital Radio 604, den [[Radio 702]] for 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;louw&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=r8poAAAAIAAJ ''South African media policy: debates of the 1990s''], P. Eric Louw, Anthroppos, 1993, p. 99&lt;/ref&gt; Although de subscription-funded television service [[M-Net]] launch for 1986, de SABC get monopoly on free-to-air television until de launch of [[e.tv]] for 1998.

During [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] rule from 1948, e come under increasing accusations say e dey bias towards de ruling party. For one time most of ein senior management na members of de [[Broederbond]], de [[Afrikaner]] [[secret society]], den later from institutions like [[Stellenbosch University]].

De SABC na radio service until dem introduce television for 1976. Na three main SABC radio stations dey: de [[SAfm (South Africa)|English Service]] (later dem know am as Radio South Africa), de [[Radio Sonder Grense|Afrikaans Service]] (later dem know am as Radio Suid-Afrika den Afrikaans Stereo) den de commercial station, [[Springbok Radio]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=0lQOAQAAMAAJ ''Africa Institute Bulletin'', Volume 11], 1973, p. 155&lt;/ref&gt;

Programmes for de [[South African English|English]] den [[Afrikaans]] services mainly be news; plays like ''[[The Forsyte Saga]]'', ''Story of an African Farm'', den ''The Summons'', wey dem write den produce for [[South Africa]]; serious talk shows; BBC radio shows; children's programmes, like ''Sound Box''; den light music wey feature [[South Africa]]n orchestras, arrangers, musicians den singers. Accomplished musicians like pianist den composer [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] feature for all three stations regularly for shows like ''Piano Playtime''. Accordionist [[Nico Carstens]] be regular for de Afrikaans programmes.&lt;ref name=&quot;charlessegal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.charlessegal.com/discography.html|website=charlessegal.com|title=Charles Segal Music – Discography |access-date=18 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Recent history ===
[[File:SABC Sea Point.JPG|thumb|SABC offices for [[Sea Point, Cape Town]]]]
Dem release IBA report on de state of de broadcasting industry for South Africa for 29 August 1995. Dem give recommendations say de SABC lose one of ein three television channels, plus de network dem go use for private television, dey demand de creation of two or three private networks. Dem go restructure de broadcaster, den [[Sentech]] go separate. Oda recommendations include de sale of seven radio stations, while dem grant am eleven radio stations, nine of dem for individual Bantu languages, provisions of hour a day of regional programming windows for television den radio, for estimated cost of 262 million rand/year, reintroduction of third channel but for satellite television den de provision of &quot;education and information driven service&quot; to de subcontinental region.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Relaunching the SABC&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 7, October–November 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem set all de channels make dem rebrand dem by March 1996, in line plus restructuring wey begin for de 1993 CODESA talks. Preliminary changes na dem set make dem take place for 1993, but dem delay am after de elections for April 1994.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;More job losses, all channels rebranded&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 7, October–November 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

For November 1995, Africa Monitor report say de SABC dey in talks plus [[Channel 4]] make e deliver ein television channels by satellite, make e cover de entire population. Up until den, dem believe say quarter of de national population receive at least one of de three channels. By January 1996 fourth channel wey dey carry Channel 4 ein programmes na dem set make e begin, den e go convert to digital for July 1996, plus de aim make e create eight-channel pay-TV service.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC/Channel 4 satellite TV venture&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 8, January–February 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

For de end of 1995, de SABC lose ein contract plus Sky News. Footage for news bulletins wey de corporation ein television channels broadcast now BBC World dey supply.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sky loses news slot to BBC&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 8, January–February 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

For 4 February 1996, two years after de ANC come to power, de SABC reorganise ein three TV channels, so say e go be more representative of different language groups.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Leaper |first=Norm |title=Ahh … the Pitfalls of International Communication |journal=Communication World |volume=13 |issue= 6 |pages=58–60 |location=San Francisco, CA |publisher=International Association of Business Communicators |date=June–July 1996 |url=http://www.iabc.com/cw/ |oclc=107299423 |access-date=14 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; De repositioning of de networks give de SABC ein television service de chance make e be &quot;de new voice den de new vision of de [[rainbow nation]]&quot;. Under de new structure, dem compare SABC TV to &quot;[[tower of Babel]]&quot; regarding SABC 1 den SABC 2 ein programming structure, for de eleven official languages, while SABC 3 na all for English. Dem also heavily criticise de relaunch party by some, like [[Angela Van Schalkwyk]], wey mention say American face present de new television offer.&lt;ref name=&quot;123SABC&quot;&gt;&quot;1, 2, 3, SABC!&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 9, April–June 1996&lt;/ref&gt; Dis result in de downgrading of [[Afrikaans]] by reducing ein airtime from 50% to 15%, move wey alienate plenty Afrikaans speakers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Louw |first1=Eric |last2=Mersham |first2=Gary |title=Packing for Perth: The Growth of a Southern African Diaspora |journal=Asian and Pacific Migration Journal |volume=10 |issue= 2 |year=2001 |pages=303–33 |url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf|doi=10.1177/011719680101000204|s2cid=153693948 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027175821/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf |archive-date=27 October 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Starting July 1997, dem commercialise de corporation.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-06-20-sabcs-radical-changes/ SABC's radical changes]&lt;/ref&gt;

For late 1998, de SABC finally start make e broadcast ein channels for [[DStv]], per agreement plus [[Sentech]] make e convert ein channels to digital. De agreement encompass ein three national terrestrial networks, Bop TV den ein thirteen radio stations, plus de hopes of starting two pan-continental television networks, entertainment channel den news channel.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC bites the bullet and goes digital&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 19, November 1998-January 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

De launch of [[e.tv]] prompt de SABC make e restructure ein three television channels for late September 1998. De strategies na sake of e.tv ein promise say de service go be &quot;full-spectrum&quot; channel as opposed to de niche programming of both de SABC den M-Net. SABC 1 reposition einself as entertainment channel for South African youth den young adults, SABC 2 go carry content wey relate to educational den social issues from de rest of Africa to South African audiences, SABC 3 concentrate for mix of news, current affairs den entertainment.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC TV restructures to meet competition&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 19, November 1998-January 1999&lt;/ref&gt; Two satellite channels, wey dey available for DStv, open for 16 November 1998, SABC Africa den Best of Africa (later dem rename am Africa2Africa).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Finally... news channel for Africa&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 20, February–April 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

In line plus ein ambitions make e be &quot;de pulse of Africa ein creative spirit&quot; (SABC ein tagline for de turn of de millennium), de SABC open up to protocols den co-operation agreements plus partners like [[URTNA]], [[Film Resource Unit|FRU]] den de [[Television Trust for the Environment]], dey eye de rest of Africa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Entertainment on Best of Africa&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 20, February–April 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

For 8 August 2003, de SABC unveil ein current logo, wey coincide plus de Your SABC campaign, wey dem unveil for ein three television channels for 7:30pm dat day. At de same time, dem ditch de Topsport brand for SABC Sport.&lt;ref&gt;South Africa: SABC sets to work on hearts and minds. (2003, Aug 12). BBC Monitoring Media&lt;/ref&gt;

Since den dem don accuse de SABC say e dey favour de ruling [[African National Congress|ANC]] party, mostly for news. E still dey dominant for de broadcast media.

Criticism intensify around 2003–2005, wen dem accuse am of wide range of shortcomings wey include self-censorship, lack of objectivity den selective news coverage.

For 20 October 2020, SABC den de government dey in discussion make dem get TV den streaming providers for South Africa make dem collect TV licence on dema behalf.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/da-starts-petition-against-sabc-tv-licence-plan-for-netflix-dstv-20201214|title=DA starts petition against SABC TV licence plan for Netflix, DStv |first=Thinus|last=Ferreira|website=News24|date=14 December 2020|access-date=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 27 March 2021, SABC den eMedia Investments expand dema partnership wey allow [[OVHD|OpenView]] customers make dem receive 3 additional channels as well as dema 19 radio stations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabc.co.za/sabc/sabc-and-openview-sign-a-new-channel-carriage-agreement/|title=SABC AND OPENVIEW SIGN A NEW CHANNEL-CARRIAGE AGREEMENT – SABC – Official Website|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Leaders===
Director General of de SABC:

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; 
! align=center | Surname
! align=center | Name
! align=center | From
! align=center | To
|-
| Caprara
| René Silvio
| 1936
| 1948
|-
| Roos
| Gideon Daniel
| 1948
| 1959
|-
| [[Pieter Johannes Meyer|Meyer]]
| Pieter Johannes
| 1959
| 1980
|-
| De Villiers
| Steve
| 1980
| 1983
|-
| Eksteen
| Riaan
| 1983
| 1988
|-
|Harmse
| Wynand
| 1988
| 1994
|}
Chairman of de SABC Board:

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; 
! align=center | Surname
! align=center | Name
! align=center | From
! align=center | To
|-
| Matsepe-Casaburri 
| Ivy Florence 
|1994
| 1996
|-
| Zulu
| Paulus
| 1996
| 2000
|-
| Maphai
| Thabane Vincent 
| 2000
| 2003
|-
|  Funde 
| Sonwabo Eddie 
| 2003
| 2008
|-
|Mkhonza
| Khanyi 
|2008
| 2009
|-
|Charnley 
|Irene
|2009
|2009
|- 
| Ngubane 
| Baldwin Sipho 
| 2010
| 2013
|-
| Tshabalala 
| Zandile Ellen
| 2013
| 2014
|-
| Maguvhe 
| Mbulaheni Obert 
| 2014
| 2017
|-
|Makhathini
|Bongumusa Emmanuel 
| 2017
| 2022
|-
|Ramukumba
|Khathutshelo Mike
| 2023
| 
|}

==CEOs==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Chief executive officers of de SABC
!Term 
!Name
|-
|1994–1998
|[[Zwelakhe Sisulu|Sisulu, Z.]]
|-
|1998–2000
|Mbatha, H.
|-
|2000
|Khuzwayo, C.
|-
|2000-2005
|Matlare, P.
|-
|2002–2008
|Mpofu, D.
|-
|2008–2009
|Mampone, G.
|-
|2009–2011
|Mokoetle, S.
|-
|2011–2014
|Mokhobo, L.
|-
|2014–2015
|[[Hlaudi Motsoeneng|Motsoeneng, H.]]
|-
|2015
|Matlala, F.
|-
|2015–2016
|Matthews, J.
|-
|2017–2023
|Mxakwe, M.
|-
|2023–present
|Chabeli, N.
|}

==Radio==

===Establishment===
After dem establish am for 1936, de SABC establish services for wetin na de country ein [[official language]]s for dat time, English den [[Afrikaans]], plus dem establish de Afrikaans service for 1937.&lt;ref name=&quot;rsg&quot;&gt;[http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/21add5804ab13012b09bf050940ae043/RSGundefinedcelebratesundefined75undefinedyears-20122903 RSG celebrates 75 years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223153528/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/21add5804ab13012b09bf050940ae043/RSGundefinedcelebratesundefined75undefinedyears-20122903 |date=23 February 2016 }},
SABC, 29 March 2012,&lt;/ref&gt; Broadcasts for languages like [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Sesotho]] den [[Tswana language|Tswana]] follow for 1940.&lt;ref name=&quot;louw&quot; /&gt;

=== Springbok Radio ===
[[Springbok Radio]], de SABC ein first commercial radio service, start broadcasting for 1 May 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;tomaselli&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ti4WAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%221+May+1950%22 ''Broadcasting in South Africa''], Keyan G. Tomaselli
Currey, 1989, page 197&lt;/ref&gt; Bilingual for English den Afrikaans, e broadcast from de Johannesburg Centre for {{frac|113|1|2}} hours a week.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=Yh4oAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22springbok+radio%22+ ''Press, Film, Radio'', Volume 4], Unesco, 1950, page 435&lt;/ref&gt; De service prove say e popular plus advertisers to de extent say for de time of ein launch, dem book commercial time well in advance.&lt;ref name=&quot;duplessis&quot; /&gt;

De station feature wide variety of programming, like morning talk den news, game shows, soap operas like ''Basis Bravo'',&lt;ref name=&quot;tomaselli&quot; /&gt; children's programming, music request programmes, top-ten music, talent shows den oda musical entertainment. One popular Saturday noontime comedy show na ''Telefun Time'', wey ein hosts go phone various people den conjure up situation comedy, similar brand of humour to de films of [[Leon Schuster]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=89ZZAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Telefun+Time%22 ''Scrutiny 2'', Volumes 1–2], Department of English, University of South Africa, 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

By 1985, Springbok Radio na e dey operate for heavy loss.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=aopCAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Springbok+Radio%22+++31+December+1985 ''Debates of Parliament: Hansard''], Volume 8, Issues 19–21, 1988, page 12123&lt;/ref&gt; After e lose plenty listeners plus de handing over of ein shortwave frequencies to [[5FM|Radio 5]] den facing competition from television, e stop broadcasting for 31 December 1985.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/springbok Springbok Radio Revisited] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018023113/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/springbok |date=18 October 2017 }}, SABC&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC News Service ===
Dem establish de News Service for June 1950, wey replace de programmes of de [[BBC]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=MtdDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22springbok+radio%22+1950 ''Report of the Task Group on Broadcasting in South and Southern Africa''], Task Group on Broadcasting in South and Southern Africa, Christo Viljoen, Government Printer, 1991, page 2&lt;/ref&gt; Although dis na sake of say dem see de BBC broadcasts as dey give British viewpoint of current affairs, concern also dey say de SABC service go become overly pro-government, or &quot;Our Master's Voice&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ggENAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+News+Service%22 ''South African Struggle''], J. J. McCord, J. H. De Bussy, 1952, page 432&lt;/ref&gt; By 1968, e get over 100 full-time reporters for de main cities den local correspondents all over de country, plus overseas news wey [[Reuters]], [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]], [[Associated Press|AP]] den [[United Press International|UPI]] provide.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sTFBAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+News+Service%22 ''Area Handbook for the Republic of South Africa'', Volume 550, Issue 93], Irving Kaplan
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, page 450&lt;/ref&gt; Na News Film Unit dey wey, before television for 1976, produce films for news agencies den television organisations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | title=The Johannesburg Saga | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkJBAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=News+Film+Unit | publisher=John R. Shorten Pty Ltd | author= John R. Shorten | year=1970 | page=729}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC Symphony Orchestra ===
De SABC Symphony Orchestra get ein origins for ein three studio ensembles for Johannesburg, Durban den Cape Town den de Municipal Orchestra of de Johannesburg City Council. Wen de SABC centralise ein broadcasting for Johannesburg, de future of de three ensembles na e dey in doubt but at de same time, dem disband de Municipal Orchestra of de Johannesburg City Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3NZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=disbanded ''Official South African Municipal Yearbook''], S.A. Association of Municipal Employees, 1965–1966&lt;/ref&gt; De SABC manage make e form orchestra of 80 musicians from dese groupings for 1954, den while ein main base na for [[Johannesburg City Hall]], e go tour de country.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/broadcastingarou0000mcca &lt;!-- quote=&quot;SABC Symphony Orchestra&quot;. --&gt; ''Broadcasting Around the World''], William E. McCavitt
Tab Books, 1981, page 21&lt;/ref&gt; De orchestra go be led for plenty years by de SABC ein head of music, [[Anton Hartman]], but e get oda conductors as well, like Francesco Mander den Edgar Cree.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=kcBzAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+Symphony+Orchestra%22 ''South Africa: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa''], Department of Information, 1989, page 596&lt;/ref&gt; International composers like [[Igor Stravinsky]] also dey.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=QsgwAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Igor+Stravinsky%22++ ''South African Panorama'', Volume 32], South African Information Service, 1987, page 39&lt;/ref&gt; Dem also create de SABC Junior Orchestra wey begin for February 1966 under Walter Mony.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=49gwAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Walter+Mony%22 ''South African Digest''], Department of Information, 1978, page 17&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Regional radio ===
Dem start regional commercial FM music stations for de 1960s.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;&quot;
|-
! Station
! Launch date
! Replaced by
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Highveld
| 1964
| [[947 (radio station)|947]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Good Hope
| 1965
| Good Hope FM
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Port Natal
| 1967
| [[East Coast Radio (South Africa)|East Coast Radio]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Jacaranda
| 1986
| [[Jacaranda FM]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Oranje
| 1986
| [[OFM (South Africa)|OFM]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Algoa
| 1986
| [[Algoa FM]]
|}

=== Popular music ===
After de establishment of republic den withdrawal from de [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] for 1961, de Afrikaners ein goal na make dem promote dema culture den so, for first, de SABC ein choice of popular music reflect de [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] government ein initial conservatism, especially for de Afrikaans channel, plus musicians like [[Nico Carstens]]. However dem also ostracise Carstens by de SABC, as ein music na de [[Coloured]] den [[Cape Malay|Malay]] communities of Cape Town influence am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=2MU1vxkY16EC&amp;dq=Nico+Carstens+sabc&amp;pg=PA143 ''Sounding the Cape: Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa''], [[Denis-Constant Martin]], African Minds, 2013, page 143&lt;/ref&gt;

Eventually, musicians break through de barrier, wen de young, English-speaking Jewish musician den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] collaborate plus de older Afrikaans lyric-writer, [[Anton Dewaal]], make dem write songs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=kFfpAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Charles+Segal++Afrikaans+lyric-writer,+Anton+Dewaal,++. ''Catalog of Copyright Entries: Musical compositions''], U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957, page 582&lt;/ref&gt; Segal ein songs like &quot;Die Ou Kalahari&quot; become highly popular plus de Afrikaans-speaking public.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=8thDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Charles+Segal+ ''The Star: an extraordinary 20th century''], James Clarke
''[[The Star (South Africa)|The Star]]'', 1999, page 173&lt;/ref&gt; However, tight censorship dey over all broadcasts, especially of pop music, plus, for example, dem ban de music of [[the Beatles]] by de SABC between 1966 den March 1971.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=yz4IAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=south+africa+ban+1966+ ''John Ono Lennon: Volume 2 1967–1980''], Muff Andersson, Ravan Press, 1981, page 281&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1966 de SABC establish external service, wey dem know am as [[Radio RSA]], wey broadcast for English, Swahili, French, Portuguese, Dutch den German. For 1969 de SABC hold national contest make dem find theme music for de service. Popular [[South Africa]]n pianist den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] den co-writer, [[Dorothy Arenson]] win dis contest. Dema composition, &quot;Carousel&quot; remain de theme song for Radio RSA until 1992, wen [[Channel Africa]] replace am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=6cRzAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Channel+Africa+replaced+the+station+Radio+RSA+in+1992%22 ''South Africa Yearbook''], South African Communication Service, 1995, page 292&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1986, de SABC run competition make e promote South African music. Each of de 15 radio stations, wey artist represent, enter song make e compete for de Song for South Africa for de National Song Festival. Dem broadcast de finals live for television. De Radio Port Natal submission win de competition plus de Don Clarke song, ''Sanbonani'', wey P J Powers den Hotline perform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mojapelo|first=Max|title=Beyond Memory: Recording the History, Moments and Memories of South African Music|publisher=African Minds|year=2008|isbn=978-1-920299-28-6|pages=78–79}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC compile de [[album]] sales chart from de end of 1981 to 1995, den de [[Single (music)|singles]] sales chart from 1958 to 1989 wen dem stop make singles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kimberley |first=Christopher |year=1997 |title=South Africa Chart Book |chapter=introduction}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===1996 restructuring===
For 1996 de SABC carry out significant restructuring of ein services. De main English-language radio service become [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]]. De new service, after some initial faltering, soon develop respectable listenership den dem regard am as flagship for de new democracy. However, government interference for de state broadcaster for 2003 see further changes to SAfm wey reverse de growth den put am in rapid decline once more. Today e dey attract only 0.6% of de total population to ein broadcasts. Dem rename de main Afrikaans radio service [[Radio Sonder Grense]] (literally 'Radio Without Borders') for 1995 den e don enjoy greater success plus de transition.

By contrast, SABC Radio ein competitors, like [[Primedia]]-owned [[Radio 702]], [[Cape Talk]] den [[94.7 Highveld Stereo]] don grow steadily for audience den revenue, while oda stations like de black-owned den focused [[YFM]] den [[Kaya FM]] also attract black audiences.

=== Programming policy ===
As of 12 May 2016, de SABC don implement policy make e promote local content. 90% of all music wey dem play for de broadcaster ein 18 radio stations go come from local artists plus focus for kwaito, jazz, reggae den gospel genres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=78a944804cbb4c09b142f18d7727b2d8&amp;page_from=PRESS|title=SABC|website=www.sabc.co.za|access-date=12 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513131340/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=78a944804cbb4c09b142f18d7727b2d8&amp;page_from=PRESS|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Station list===
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; &quot;
|-
! Station
! Language
! Former name(s)
! Launch date
! Website
! Webcast
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]]
| English
| &quot;A&quot; Service; Radio South Africa
| 1936
| [http://www.safm.co.za/ www.safm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235930/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx |date=30 January 2010 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[5FM]]
| English
| Springbok Radio
| 1975
| [http://www.5fm.co.za/ www.5fm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235828/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx |date=30 January 2010 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Metro FM]]
| English
| Radio Metro
| 1986
| [http://www.metrofm.co.za/ www.metrofm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531000724/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx |date=31 May 2013 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Radio 2000]]
| English
| Radio South Africa
| 1986
| [http://www.radio2000.co.za/ www.radio2000.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134437/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-radio2000_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Good Hope FM]]
| English and Afrikaans
| Radio Good Hope
| 1965
| [http://www.goodhopefm.co.za/ www.goodhopefm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828150528/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx |date=28 August 2013 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Radio Sonder Grense|RSG]]
| [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]]
| &quot;B&quot; Service; Radio Suid-Afrika; Afrikaans Stereo
| 1937
| [http://www.rsg.co.za/ www.rsg.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612142737/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx |date=12 June 2012 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Ukhozi FM]]
| [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| Radio Zulu
| 1960
| [http://www.ukhozifm.co.za/ www.ukhozifm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105436/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx |date=20 July 2011 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Umhlobo Wenene FM]]
| [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| Radio Xhosa (&amp; Radio Transkei)
| 1960
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819045019/http://www.uwfm.co.za/ www.uwfm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134501/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-umhlobowenene_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Lesedi FM]]
| [[Sotho language|Southern Sotho]]
| Radio Sesotho
| 1960
| [http://www.lesedifm.co.za/ www.lesedifm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134338/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-lesedi_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Thobela FM]]
| [[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]
| Radio Lebowa
| 1960
| [http://www.thobelafm.co.za/ www.thobelafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134451/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-thobela_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Motsweding FM]]
| [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
| Radio Setswana (&amp; Radio Mmabatho)
| 1962
| [http://www.motswedingfm.co.za/ www.motswedingfm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105515/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/motsweding/motsweding_22.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Phalaphala FM]]
| [[Venda language|Venda]]
| Radio Venda (&amp; Radio Thohoyandou)
| 1965
| [http://www.phalaphalafm.co.za/ www.phalaphalafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134425/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-phalaphala_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Munghana Lonene FM]]
| [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]
| Radio XiTsonga
| 1965
| [http://www.munghanalonenefm.co.za/ www.munghanalonenefm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134408/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-munganalonene_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Ligwalagwala FM]]
| [[Swazi language|Swazi]]
| Radio Swazi
| 1982
| [http://www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za/ www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134346/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ligwalagwala_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[iKwekwezi FM]]
| [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]]
| Radio Ndebele
| 1983
| [http://www.ikwekwezifm.co.za/ www.ikwekwezifm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134330/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ikwekwezifm_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[tru fm]]
| English and Xhosa
| Radio Ciskei; CKI FM
| 1983
| [http://www.trufm.co.za/ www.trufm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134308/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-cki_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Lotus FM]]
| English and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] (for&lt;br /&gt;de [[Indians in South Africa|Indian]]&lt;br /&gt;community)
| Radio Lotus
| 1983
| [http://www.lotusfm.co.za/ www.lotusfm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617082852/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx |date=17 June 2012 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[X-K FM 107.9|X-K FM]]
| [[!Kung language|!Xu]] and [[Khwe language|Khwe]]
|
| 2000
|
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134526/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-x-k_int.asx]
|}

==Television==

===Early history (1975–1995)===
[[File:Oldsabclogo.jpg|frame|SABC logo, used from 1976 to 1996]]
For 1975, after years of controversy over de [[Television in South Africa#Slow introduction|introduction of television]], dem finally allow de SABC make e introduce colour TV service, wey begin experimental broadcasts for de main cities for 5 May 1975, before de service go nationwide for 6 January 1976. Initially, na [[television licence fee|licence fee]] fund de TV service entirely just like de UK, but e begin advertising for 1978. De SABC (both Television den Radio) still dey partly funded by de licence fee (currently [[Rand (currency)|R]]250 a year).

De service initially broadcast only for English den [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], plus emphasis for religious programming on Sundays.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sD4TCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=crossroads%20sabc&amp;pg=PA67 ''Black Television Travels: African American Media Around the Globe''], Timothy Havens, NYU Press, 2013, page 67&lt;/ref&gt; Local soap opera, ''The Villagers'', wey dem set for gold mine, dem receive am well while dem pan oda local productions like ''[[The Dingleys]]'' as amateurish.&lt;ref name=&quot;spectator&quot;&gt;[http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/9th-april-1977/7/boer-war-on-the-box Boer War on the box], Richard West, ''[[The Spectator]]'', 9 April 1977, page 7&lt;/ref&gt;

Majority of acquired programming for South African television come from de United States, although sake of dema opposition to [[apartheid]], some production companies stop make dem sell programmes to de country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Shows Allow Blacks, Whites to Share Cultural Experiences : South African Viewers Get a Mixed TV Message From U.S. Programs|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-25-mn-7271-story.html|access-date=14 August 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=25 May 1986|author=GLENN FRANKEL (from ''The Washington Post'')}}&lt;/ref&gt;
De British actors' union [[British Actors' Equity Association|Equity]] don already start boycott of programme sales to South Africa, wey dem no lift until 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ban-on-sale-of-tv-shows-to-south-africa-lifted-anti-apartheid-blockade-by-actors-union-dropped-1503272.html Ban on sale of TV shows to South Africa lifted: Anti-apartheid blockade by actors' union dropped following reform of broadcasting, but opposition to touring remains], ''[[The Independent]]'', 10 November 1993&lt;/ref&gt; However, dem show [[Thames Television]] police drama series ''[[The Sweeney]]'' den ''[[Van der Valk (1972 TV series)|Van der Valk]]'', briefly for SABC TV,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=gP0wAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=dubbing ''The S.A. film industry''], African Studies Institute of the University of the Witwatersrand, 1979, page 106&lt;/ref&gt; as well as de original version of ''[[Thunderbirds (TV series)|Thunderbirds]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;spectator&quot; /&gt;

Dem [[dubbing (filmmaking)|dub]] plenty imported programmes into Afrikaans den oda indigenous languages, but for 1985, so say e go accommodate English speakers, de SABC begin make e [[simulcast]] de original-language audio of series for [[FM broadcasting|FM radio]] service wey dem call [[Radio 2000]], wey allow viewers make dem watch dem for de original language; de first English-language series wey dem simulcast na ''[[Miami Vice]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-NRDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Miami+Vice ''The voice, the vision: a sixty year history of the South African Broadcasting Corporation''], Malcolm Theunissen, Victor Nikitin, Melanie Pillay, Advent Graphics, 1996, page 120&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC TV also produce lavish musical shows wey feature de most popular South African composers, solo musicians, bands den orchestras. For example, dem give de pianist den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]], half-hour special show: ''The Music of Charles Segal'', wey various local artists like Zane Adams, SABC Orchestra den odas perform selection of ein music. However, e also broadcast pop music series like ''Pop Shop'', wey consist of overseas den local music, den ''Double Track'', wey consist entirely of local acts.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=jSQEAAAAMBAJ&amp;dq=double+track+sabc&amp;pg=PT75 South Africa Radio Denies Local Artists Are Snubbed], ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 18 Dec 1982, page 55&lt;/ref&gt;

Plus limited budget, early programming wey dem target children tend make e be quite innovative, den programmes like de [[Afrikaans]]-language puppet shows ''[[Haas Das se Nuuskas|Haas Das se Nuus Kas]]'' den ''Oscar in Asblikfontein'' still dey fondly remembered by plenty.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thesouthafrican.com/the-top-10-south-african-childrens-tv-shows-from-days-gone-by/ The top 10 South African children's TV shows from days gone by], ''The South African'', 29 November 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1 January 1981, dem introduce two services, TV2 broadcasting for [[Zulu language|Zulu]] den [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] den TV3 broadcasting for [[Sotho language|Sotho]] den [[Tswana language|Tswana]], both targeted at black urban audience.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rJ-uCwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=TV2+broadcasting+in+Zulu+and+Xhosa+and+TV3+broadcasting+in+Sotho+and+Tswana%2C&amp;pg=PA222 ''The Press and Apartheid: Repression and Propaganda in South Africa''], William A. Hachten, C.Anthony Giffard
Springer, 1984, page 222&lt;/ref&gt; Dem divide de main channel, den dem call am TV1, evenly between English den [[Afrikaans]], as before. For 1986, dem introduce new service wey dem call TV4, wey dey carry [[sports]] den [[entertainment]] programming, den e take over de frequencies wey TV2 den TV3 use, wey den get make dem end broadcasting for 21:00.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=NcQZ1D366t8C&amp;q=%22TV4%22++&amp;pg=PA68 ''Communication and Democratic Reform in South Africa''], Robert B. Horwitz, Cambridge University Press, 2001, page 68&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1991, dem combine TV2, TV3 den TV4 into new service wey dem call CCV (Contemporary Community Values).&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RxB1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22contemporary+community+values%22+sabc ''South Africa: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa''], Department of Information, 1992, page 131&lt;/ref&gt; Dem introduce third channel wey dem know as TSS, or Topsport Surplus Sport, Topsport being de brand name for de SABC ein sport coverage, but NNTV (National Network TV), educational, non-commercial channel, replace am for 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-NRDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22february+11%22++ ''The voice, the vision: a sixty year history of the South African Broadcasting Corporation''], Malcolm Theunissen, Victor Nikitin, Melanie Pillay, Advent Graphics, 1996, page 127&lt;/ref&gt;

===Competition and restructuring===
For 1986, de launch of subscription-based service wey dem know as [[M-Net]] challenge de SABC ein monopoly for de television industry, wey consortium of newspaper publishers back am. Dem prohibit dis service from broadcasting ein own news programmes, wey still na de SABC ein preserve. Direct-to-home satellite television for South Africa begin wen M-Net ein parent company, [[Multichoice]], launch ein first-in-the-world digital satellite TV service, [[DStv]], for 1995. For de time, dem no broadcast SABC TV channels for dis network, but dem later reach agreements wey allow DStv make e carry de SABC channels as well. For 1998, de launch of de first free-to-air private TV channel, [[etv (South Africa)|e.tv]], further erode de SABC ein dominance of free-to-air terrestrial television.

For 1996, de SABC reorganise ein three TV channels plus de aim make e make dem more representative of de various cultural groups.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/25/world/the-voice-of-apartheid-goes-multicultural.html The Voice of Apartheid Goes Multicultural], Kimberly J. McLarin, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 25 July 1995&lt;/ref&gt; Dem call dese new channels [[SABC 1]], [[SABC 2]] den [[SABC 3]]. De SABC also absorb de [[Bop TV]] channel of de former [[Bophuthatswana]] [[bantustan]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/199811270013.html Africa: e.tv accuses SABC], ''[[Business Day (South Africa)|Business Day]]'', 27 November 1998&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1996 den 1998, de SABC get satellite television service wey dem call [[AstraSat]], wey operate two channels, AstraSport den AstraPlus. Technological problems den advertising losses lead to de scrapping of de service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=S. African sat crash|url=https://variety.com/1998/biz/news/s-african-sat-crash-1117467702/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=Variety |date=11 February 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116224402/https://variety.com/1998/biz/news/s-african-sat-crash-1117467702/ |archive-date=16 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC TV programmes for Afrikaans den oda languages now dem dey subtitle dem for English, but dem no dey usually subtitle programmes for English for oda languages, de perception being say all South Africans fi understand English.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=7nIpJOUcvX8C&amp;dq=sabc+tv+subtitles+afrikaans&amp;pg=PA132 ''Language Policy and Nation-Building in Post-Apartheid South Africa''], Jon Orman
Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2008, page 132&lt;/ref&gt; Previously, subtitling na dem confine am to productions like operas den operettas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=1hN1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=subtitles ''Information Digest''], The South Africa Foundation, 1989, page 80&lt;/ref&gt;
Dem no use am for TV1, for de assumption say most viewers understand both Afrikaans den English,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=furtAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22many+South+Africans+understand+both%22 Surfing through the languages], ''[[The Economist]]'', Volume 335, Issues 7917–7920, page 152&lt;/ref&gt; nor for CCV, despite presenters dey use two or more different languages during single programme.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSoIAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=modise ''African Film and Television Magazine, Volume 7''], Z Productions, 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

===New services===
For 2005, de SABC announce proposed creation of two complementary regional television channels, SABC4 den SABC5, make dem emphasise indigenous languages.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200506150754.html South Africa: ICASA Grants the Public Broadcaster Licences to Cater for Marginalized Languages], ''[[AllAfrica]]'', 15 June 2005&lt;/ref&gt; SABC4, wey base for Mafikeng, na dem go broadcast am for [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Sesotho language|Sesotho]], [[Pedi language|Pedi]], [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]], [[Venda language|Venda]], den Afrikaans, to de northern provinces of de country, while SABC5, wey base for Cape Town, na dem go broadcast am for [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]], den [[Swazi language|Swazi]], as well as Afrikaans, to de southern provinces. Unlike oda SABC TV services, SABC4 den SABC5 no na dem go make dem available via satellite.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/SABCs-ready-to-roll-20050314 SABC's ready to roll], ''[[News24 (website)|News24]]'', 14 March 2005&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from soundbites for news or current affairs programmes, no English-language programming na dem go show for either channel.&lt;ref&gt;[https://variety.com/2005/scene/markets-festivals/sabc-adds-channels-1117924696/ SABC adds channels], ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', 19 June 2005&lt;/ref&gt; However, de plans fall through den for 2015, de SABC state say e go launch two new channels, SABC News den SABC Encore.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/Hlaudi-SABC-will-now-start-DTT-with-5-TV-channels-20150520 Hlaudi: SABC will now start DTT with 5 TV channels], ''[[News24 (website)|News24]]'', 20 May 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2013, de SABC announce plans make e launch new news channel, SABC News, wey go be available for DStv, instead of make e wait for de introduction of [[digital terrestrial television]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/media/2013/07/26/sabcs-24-hour-news-channel-raises-many-questions SABC's 24-hour news channel raises many questions], ''[[Business Day (South Africa)|Business Day]]'', 26 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2015, SABC partner up plus online TV platform Tuluntulu make dem launch two more channels wey na SABC Education den SABC Children.

According to de SABC, de factors wey dem dey consider wen dem dey decide how much time language go get for television be: how many home language speakers dey for de coverage area of channel; de geographical spread of de language; de extent to which members of language community fi understand oda languages; de extent of marginalisation of language; de extent to which oda South Africans understand de language; den whether content wey dey use de language dey available.&lt;ref name=SABCFAQ1&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!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|title=About the SABC &gt; Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027152345/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!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|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC currently dey plan make e launch five channels, four of dem being language-targeted:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/sabc-wants-to-launch-5-new-tv-channels-20160425|title=SABC wants to launch 5 new TV channels|date=25 April 2016|access-date=25 September 2019|author=Thinus Ferreira|website=[[News24 (website)|Channel24]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Channel wey dey target [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Northern Sotho language|Pedi]] den [[Sotho language|Sotho]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Swazi language|Swazi]] den [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]] den [[Venda language|Venda]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] speakers
*SABC sports channel

SABC TV get audience of over 30&amp;nbsp;million.&lt;ref name=SABCAdBG&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/advertising%7ctitle=ADVERTISING%7cpublisher=sabc.co.za|title=ADVERTISING|accessdate=28 February 2023}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC1 reach 89% of de public, SABC2 reach 91% of de public, den SABC3 reach 77% of de public, according to de broadcaster.&lt;ref name=SABCFAQ1/&gt; De SABC get 18 radio stations, wey get more than 25&amp;nbsp;million weekly listeners.&lt;ref name=SABCAdBG/&gt;

For 2018, SABC scrap part of de plans from 2015 den downsize dema DTT plans from 18 TV channels to just 9 TV channels sake of financial woes. De SABC get SABC 1-3 den News wey dey fall under de 9 channels plus de rest being: 
*Sports channel
*Health channel
*History channel
*Parliamentary channel
*Education channel

All dese channels need funding make dem materialize den without am de channels remain dream. Dem go craft all dese channels through partnerships den group executive for de SABC mention say if dem able make dem get de sports channel running for SD den maybe dem go able make dem get ninth channel wey be history.&lt;ref&gt;[https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-sabc-downsizes-its-unfunded-digital.html?m=1: The SABC downsizes its unfunded digital TV dream for DTT from 18 to these 9 TV channels.], ''[[TV With Thinus]]'', 26 September 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

For 4 May 2020 amidst de coronavirus outbreak, de SABC launch ein educational channel wey dem call SABC Education through DTT den YouTube plus additional platforms wey go come soon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-sabc-launches-sabc-education-as-new.html?m=1|title=The SABC launches SABC Education as a new tv channel, will debut 4 May 2020 on YouTube and on DTT|date=30 April 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|author=Thinus Ferreira|website=[[TV with Thinus]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC Encore shut down from de end of May apparently MultiChoice den SABC agreement for de channel end back for 2018 wey give de channel 2-year open window. De SABC talk say dem dey explore oda de idea of continuing de channel through anoda platform.

For November 2020, SABC sign channel den radio distribution agreement plus [[Telkom (South Africa)|Telkom]] for dema new streaming service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/11/telkom-launches-its-telkomone-video.html?m=1 | title=TV with Thinus: Telkom launches its TelkomONE video streaming service including linear TV channels with free package and R7 per day subscription; plans more bouquets and says 'we're here for the long run' | date=9 November 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem also launch dema own catch-up den video on demand streaming service wey dem call SABC Plus for 17 November 2022, similar to [[BBC iPlayer]], after two years of announcements.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/sabc-launches-streaming-app-sabc-plus/ | title=SABC launches streaming app SABC Plus | date=17 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Reception outside South Africa==
[[File:South African Broadcast Corporation. Overseas Transcription Service - 33rpm record.jpg|thumb|1970s SABC record for overseas transcription services.]]

===Botswana, Lesotho and Eswatini===

SABC television via satellite also don dey widely available for neighbouring [[Lesotho]] den [[Eswatini]], as well as [[Botswana]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&amp;dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&amp;pg=PA22 ''Media Law in Botswana''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018083009/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&amp;pg=PA22&amp;lpg=PA22&amp;dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=p4BslKmA51&amp;sig=0WuFO9QpUYgVPrv71hZkOPpJWXE&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjt37bu1PjKAhWGAJoKHUNCBIwQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&amp;q=botswana%20gbc%20tv%201988&amp;f=true |date=18 October 2017 }}, Kluwer Law International, 2011, p. 22&lt;/ref&gt; During de AstraSat period, SABC 1 den SABC 3 get more audience dan [[Eswatini TV|Swazi TV]], as locals believe say de service dey bias den underdeveloped. Wen de shutdown of AstraSat signals begin for 11 September 2000 plus SABC 3, de audience lose ein access, wey reveal de limitations of de Swazi media structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=SABC Cut Reveals Swaziland's Media Gap|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200311110693.html |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=AllAfrica|date=18 September 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020705194846/https://allafrica.com/stories/200009180156.html |archive-date=5 July 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; After complaints from rights holders for Botswana, SABC encrypt ein TV channels, wey cut off viewers for those countries.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.itwebafrica.com/ict-and-governance/361-botswana/231218-sentechs-pirated-botswana-signal-finally-off-air Sentech's 'pirated' Botswana signal finally off-air], ''ITWeb Africa'', 1 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

===Namibia===
Until 1979, de SABC operate broadcasting services for [[Namibia]], wey na e dey under [[South-West Africa|South African rule]] for dat time, but for dat year, dem transfer dese to de [[Namibian Broadcasting Corporation#From SABC to SWABC|South West African Broadcasting Corporation]] (SWABC).&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=B-I-AQAAIAAJ ''The Laws of South West Africa''], J. Meibert, 1979&lt;/ref&gt; However, de SWABC retain technical personnel from de SABC, den dem prepare number of ein programmes for de SABC ein studios for [[Johannesburg]] before dem dispatch dem to Windhoek for transmission.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=BlhEAQAAIAAJ ''Sub-Saharan Africa Report, Issues 80–86''], Foreign Broadcast Information Service., 1985, p. 40&lt;/ref&gt;

De SABC also help de SWABC make e establish television service for 1981.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=SkVNAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22television+service%22 ''SWA/Namibia Today''], Section Liaison Services, Department of Governmental Affairs, 1988, page 98&lt;/ref&gt; Dis comprise mix of programming for English, Afrikaans den German, 90 per cent of which come from or via de SABC.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rl81AQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22afrikaans+programmes%22 ''Economic development strategies for independent Namibia''], Harbans Singh, Wilfred W. Asombang, United Nations Institute for Namibia, 1989, page 26&lt;/ref&gt; Dem show programmes locally week after South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;guide&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9I0jAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Walvis+Bay%22 ''International TV &amp; Video Guide''], Richard Paterson, Tantivy Press, 1986, pages 181–183&lt;/ref&gt; De SWABC receive SABC TV programming (wey e record, edit den rebroadcast) first by using [[microwave]] link, den later via [[Intelsat]] [[satellite television|satellite]] link.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3j7tAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=SABC+ ''Namibia Review'', Volume 11], Directorate of Production and Publicity, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 2002, page 16&lt;/ref&gt; De SWABC become de [[Namibian Broadcasting Corporation]] (NBC) after de country ein independence for 1990.

However, [[Walvis Bay]], [[enclave]] of South Africa for Namibia until 1994, receive de SABC ein TV1 for low-power repeater, wey dem broadcast live via Intelsat from 1986.&lt;ref name=&quot;guide&quot; /&gt;

===Mozambique===
Wen [[Televisão de Moçambique]] (for de time Televisão Experimental de Moçambique) na e dey ein infancy, den e operate for single transmitter for Maputo, dem report say, for 1987, officials of de said country ein ruling party [[FRELIMO]] na dem report say dem tune in to stronger SABC TV signals, wey dey come from Johannesburg. For de time, de lone TVE Moçambique transmitter get weak power.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Zucchino |first1=S. |title=The maiming of Mozambique; S. Africa dominates poverty-torn neighbor |work=[[The Ottawa Citizen]] |date=26 September 1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cable company [[TVCabo (Visabeira)]] offer SABC1, SABC3 den Bop TV for ein first few years of operation.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por= TV CABO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020609220511/http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por= |date=9 June 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem remove dese alongside e.tv sake of rights issues, for situation similar to wetin go happen for Botswana ten years later, den dem replace dem plus oda channels from de DStv bouquet, for August 2003,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031104023243/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/ |date=4 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt; wey cause uproar from subscribers.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094933/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/ |date=21 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094150/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/ |date=21 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==International services==

For 1998, de SABC begin make e broadcast two TV channels to de rest of Africa: SABC Africa, news service, den Africa 2 Africa, entertainment programming from South Africa den oda African countries, via [[DStv]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=XsTSXIhG2sgC&amp;dq=%22Africa+2+Africa%22+tv+channel&amp;pg=PA34 ''Media Studies: Institutions, theories, and issues''], Pieter J. Fourie, Juta and Company Ltd, 2001, page 54&lt;/ref&gt; For 2003, dem merge Africa 2 Africa plus SABC Africa make e create hybrid service, wey draw programming from both sources.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3aYdIxYf9NoC&amp;dq=In+2003%2C+%22Africa+2+Africa%22+was+merged+with+%22SABC+Africa%22&amp;pg=PA121 ''Transnational Television Worldwide: Towards a New Media Order''], Jean K. Chalaby
I.B.Tauris, 2005, page 121&lt;/ref&gt; SABC Africa close for August 2008 after dem no renew de SABC ein contract plus DStv.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mg.co.za/article/2008-07-14-sabc-africa-to-go-off-air-for-now SABC Africa to go off air for now], ''[[Mail and Guardian]]'', 14 July 2008&lt;/ref&gt; For 2007, de SABC launch 24-hour international news channel, SABC News International, but e close for 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mg.co.za/article/2010-02-05-sabc-international-goes-bust SABC International goes bust], ''[[Mail and Guardian]]'', 5 February 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

== Criticisms and controversies ==

=== Accusations of pro-ANC bias ===
Dem don accuse de SABC say e be government den [[African National Congress|ruling party]] mouthpiece, especially for de lead-up to de [[South African general election, 2014|2014 South African elections]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ed|first=Herbst|title=ANC tightens its grip on the SABC|url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/66/101739.html#topstory|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232903/http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/66/101739.html#topstory|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 December 2013|publisher=BizCommunity.com|access-date=23 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC phone tapping revelations|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadcasting/100474-sabc-phone-tapping-revelations.html|publisher=MyBroadband|access-date=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; especially after e refuse make e air de campaign adverts of various opposition parties,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DA cries 'political censorship' as SABC refuses to air second advert|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2014/04/30/da-cries-political-censorship-as-sabc-refuses-to-air-second-advert|publisher=Times Live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC bans EFF advert|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/04/22/sabc-bans-eff-advert---video|publisher=Sowetan Live|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033034/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/04/22/sabc-bans-eff-advert---video|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den again for 2015 wen e censor de video feeds of de 2015 State of the Nation address wey portray de ANC den President Jacob Zuma for negative light.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC censored SONA broadcast|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadcasting/118913-sabc-censored-sona-broadcast-enca-satellite-signal-jammed.html|website=mybroadband.co.za|publisher=mybroadband|access-date=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
For 2015, Minister of Communications, [[Faith Muthambi]] reinforce de notion say de SABC na state-owned company, den therefore, subject to control by de Department of Communications den de [[African National Congress|ruling party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The SABC is a state owned company: Communications Minister|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2015/03/17/the-sabc-is-a-state-owned-company-communications-minister|access-date=17 March 2015|agency=Sapa|publisher=Times LIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For August 2005, de SABC come under heavy fire from independent media den de public sake of say e fail make e broadcast footage wey deputy president [[Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka]] boo offstage by members of de [[ANC Youth League]], wey na dem dey show support for de newly axed ex-deputy president, [[Jacob Zuma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=248529&amp;area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__national/|title=Mail and Guardian article on Youth League Controversy|access-date=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rival broadcaster [[e.tv]] publicly accuse SABC of biased reporting sake of say e fail make e show de video footage of de humiliated deputy president. [[Snuki Zikalala]], Head of News den ex-ANC spokesperson retort say dema cameraman no dey for de meeting. Dem later establish say dis claim be false wen dem release e.tv footage wey show say SABC cameraman dey film de incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundayindependent.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=1042&amp;fArticleId=2872217|title=Sunday Independent|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De SABC ein government connections also come under scrutiny wen, for April 2005, Zimbabwean president [[Robert Mugabe]] dem interview live by Zikalala, wey be former ANC [[political commissar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.suntimes.co.za/2004/07/25/insight/in02.asp|title=Insight|website=suntimes.co.za|date=25 July 2004|access-date=1 October 2005|archive-date=16 February 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050216154216/http://www.suntimes.co.za/2004/07/25/insight/in02.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; De public deem de interview say e sidestep 'critical issues', den say e avoid difficult questions regarding Mugabe ein radical land-reform policies den human rights violations.

=== Accusations of censorship ===

For May 2006, dem accuse de SABC of [[self censorship|self-censorship]] wen e decide say e no go air documentary on South African president [[Thabo Mbeki]], den for early June 2006, de news organisation request say de producers (from Daylight Films) no speak about am. Independent media groups widely criticise dis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20060610091410712C874542|title=IOL News Report|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In response, de [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]] issue alert concerning de SABC ein apparent trend toward self-censorship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/74682/|title=IFEX Self-Censorship Warning|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For June 2006, de [[International Federation of Journalists]] denounce de cancelling of de Thabo Mbeki documentary, dey cite &quot;self-censorship&quot; den &quot;politically-influenced managers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=13&amp;art_id=vn20060619012849541C504021|title=IFOJ comment on Mbeki documentary|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Also for June 2006, [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]] host [[John Perlman]] disclose on air say de SABC don create blacklist of commentators.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/|title=Business Day|website=BusinessLIVE|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC CEO [[Dali Mpofu]] create commission of inquiry make e investigate de allegations say dem blacklist individuals for Zikalala ein behest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=3015&amp;art_id=vn20060624083017227C257392|title=IOL on blacklisting allegations|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=275243&amp;area=/insight/insight__national/|title=MG on blacklisting allegations|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215153/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=275243&amp;area=%2Finsight%2Finsight__national%2F|archive-date=27 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Perlman eventually resign from SAfm, den de broadcaster come under heavy criticism from free media advocates.

Shortly before de ANC ein 2012 elective conference for Mangaung, de board of de SABC hand control of news, television, radio den sport to COO [[Hlaudi Motsoeneng]]. Some for de SABC interpret de board ein decision as calculated attempt make e ensure say dem give ANC faction close to President Jacob Zuma positive coverage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-05-00-sabc-chief-takes-control|title=SABC chief takes control|date=5 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; During press conference wey de SABC hold for 6 December 2012, make e explain why e prevent three journalists from participating for discussion on how de media go cover de ANC ein elective conference for Manguang, Hlaudi Motsoeneng talk say whenever dem discuss de ANC for de SABC, ANC party representative must dey present.

For April 2014, SABC chairperson, Ellen Zandile Tshabalala, warn journalists say de [[National Intelligence Agency (South Africa)|NIA]] dey wiretap dema phones, den remind dem make dem be loyal to de ANC ruling party. Wen dem challenge am for de matter, Tshabalala insist say dem take ein comments out of context. De scandal erupt for de same time say de DA official opposition accuse de SABC of censorship&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC censoring our adverts: DA|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2014/04/11/sabc-censoring-our-adverts-da|publisher=TimesLive|access-date=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; wen dem stop make dem air television advert wey refer to de ongoing [[Nkandlagate]] scandal.

For February 2015, dem accuse de SABC of censoring video den audio feeds of de State of the Nation address for Parliament, after opposition party [[Economic Freedom Fighters|EFF]] forcefully eject armed plain-clothes policemen after e interrupt de President ein speech. Dem also censor footage of opposition party [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]] walking out in protest over de presence of de armed personnel. Dis na in addition to de presence of signal-jamming device wey prevent journalists den MP's from being able make dem use dema mobile devices make dem post news online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SONA: What the ANC did not let the nation see|url=http://themediaonline.co.za/2015/02/sona-what-the-anc-did-not-let-the-nation-see/|website=The Media Online|access-date=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem criticise de SABC for banning footage wey show protests den demonstrations for de run-up to de 2016 local elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Mahr |first1=Krista |date=13 July 2016 |title=South African public broadcaster accused of censorship |newspaper=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3646af1e-490c-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/3646af1e-490c-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; For July 2016, eight SABC journalists challenge de broadcaster ein decision make e censor news items, den dem dismiss dem from de organisation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sabc-8-have-all-been-fired-20160719|title=SABC 8 have all been fired|newspaper=News24|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-07-19-breaking-news-sabc-fires-two-more-journalists/|title=Two more of the #SABC8 journalists have been fired|author=News 24|newspaper=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequent hearing for de Labour Court find say de dismissals unlawful den order de reinstatement of four of de full-time SABC employees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36867985|title=South Africa sacked reporters win SABC censorship case|date=26 July 2016|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; During dis period dem subject de eight journalists, including [[Suna Venter]], to number of death threats den oda forms of intimidation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2016-09-18-death-threats-spook-sabc-staffers/|title=Death threats spook SABC staffers|last=HOFSTATTER|first=STEPHAN|date=18 September 2016|website=Timesonline.co.za|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629205558/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2016-09-18-death-threats-spook-sabc-staffers/|archive-date=29 June 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=1 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For October 2016,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.za/speeches/communications-committee-set-begin-inquiry-sabc-board-13-oct-2016-0000|title=Parliament on inquiry into SABC board &amp;#124; South African Government|website=www.gov.za|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; de South African parliament begin make e investigate corruption allegations against SABC den ein Group Executive of Corporate Affairs - Hlaudi Motsoeneng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/censorship-and-corruption-whats-going-south-africas-public-broadcaster-532421?rx=us|title=Five things you should know about South Africa's scandal-hit public broadcaster|date=16 December 2016|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; For 12 December, de Western Cape High Court rule say dem remove Motsoeneng from office effective immediately.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ewn.co.za/2016/12/12/hlaudi-removed-sabc|title=High Court rules Hlaudi Motsoeneng must be removed from position|last=Brandt|first=Kevin|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC Encore's launch party ===

For de channel ein launch event, de COO of SABC for de time use dat event make e rant about making pay-TV platforms like MultiChoice ein DStv pay for SABC 1-3 den how de SABC be 'blind person' dey run. He also take de stage make e call out those plus dema 'lack of knowledge' over de deal wey de public broadcaster get for de channel alongside SABC News.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2015/05/at-bizarre-sabc-encore-channel-launch.html?m=1|title = TV with Thinus: At bizarre SABC Encore channel launch event, SABC's Hlaudi Motsoeneng rants and raves, saying 'MultiChoice must pay'; SABC is 'coming for pay-TV'|date = 12 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.sabc.co.za }}
*[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20060610091410712C874542 IOL – SABC gags Mbeki 'unauthorised' documentary]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061109005832/http://www.mg.co.za/ContentImages/286709/SABCBLACKLISTREPORT.pdf Report of SABC Commission on Blacklisting]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1936 establishments insyd South Africa]]
[[Category:Broadcasting insyd South Africa]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Censorship insyd South Africa]]
[[Category:Organisations dem associate plus apartheid]]
[[Category:Television channels den stations dem establish insyd 1975]]
[[Category:Multilingual broadcasters]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Organizations dem establish insyd 1936]]
[[Category:Mass media companies dem establish insyd 1936]]
[[Category:Radio stations dem establish insyd 1936]]
[[Category:State media]]
[[Category:Blacklisting]]
[[Category:South African news websites]]
[[Category:Mass media insyd Johannesburg]]
[[Category:African Union of Broadcasting members|SABC]]
[[Category:Publicly funded English language broadcasters]]</text>
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'''South African Broadcasting Corporation''' ('''SABC''', '''SAUK''') be de [[public broadcaster]] for [[South Africa]], den e dey provide 19 radio stations ([[Amplitude modulation|AM]]/[[Frequency modulation|FM]]) as well as six television broadcasts den three OTT Services to de general public.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/portal/site/corporate/menuitem.f7f580ebd1506ee48891f2e75401aeb9|title=SABC Station List|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427045156/http://www.sabc.co.za/portal/site/corporate/menuitem.f7f580ebd1506ee48891f2e75401aeb9/|archive-date=27 April 2006|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; E be one of de largest of [[State-owned enterprises of South Africa|South Africa ein state-owned enterprises]] den de biggest state broadcaster for Africa.

Opposition politicians den civil society dey often criticise de SABC, dey accuse am say e be mouthpiece for whichever political party dey insyd majority power, so currently de ruling [[African National Congress]]; during de [[apartheid]] era dem accuse am say e play de same role for de [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=SABC political bias will backfire|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-04-16-sabc-political-bias-will-backfire|newspaper=[[Mail and Guardian]]|date=17 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Company history==
===Early years===
[[File:Corporate arms of the South African Broaadcasting Corporation (1958-1994).png|thumb|Corporate arms of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (1958–1994)|200px]]
Radio broadcasting for [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] start for 1923, under de auspices of [[South African Railways]], before dem license three radio services: de Association of Scientific and Technical Societies (AS&amp;TS) for [[Johannesburg]], de Cape Peninsular Publicity Association for [[Cape Town]] den de Durban Corporation, wey start broadcasting for 1924.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sJh4ziYPoksC&amp;dq=%22African+Broadcasting+Company%22+formed+in+1927%2C&amp;pg=PA114 ''Culture and Customs of South Africa''], Funso S. Afọlayan, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, pages 114–115&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem merge dese into de African Broadcasting Company for 1927, wey [[I.W. Schlesinger]], wealthy businessman own, but for 1 August 1936, dem sell dem to de SABC, wey dem establish dat year through Act of [[Parliament of South Africa|Parliament]].&lt;ref name=&quot;duplessis&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=dU2Yz3u9lMoC&amp;pg=PA89 ''Introduction to Public Relations and Advertising''], D F du Plessis,
Juta and Company Ltd, 2000 p. 89&lt;/ref&gt; De SABC take over de African Broadcasting Company ein staff den assets. E maintain state monopoly on radio until de launch for December 1979 of Capital Radio 604, den [[Radio 702]] for 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;louw&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=r8poAAAAIAAJ ''South African media policy: debates of the 1990s''], P. Eric Louw, Anthroppos, 1993, p. 99&lt;/ref&gt; Although de subscription-funded television service [[M-Net]] launch for 1986, de SABC get monopoly on free-to-air television until de launch of [[e.tv]] for 1998.

During [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] rule from 1948, e come under increasing accusations say e dey bias towards de ruling party. For one time most of ein senior management na members of de [[Broederbond]], de [[Afrikaner]] [[secret society]], den later from institutions like [[Stellenbosch University]].

De SABC na radio service until dem introduce television for 1976. Na three main SABC radio stations dey: de [[SAfm (South Africa)|English Service]] (later dem know am as Radio South Africa), de [[Radio Sonder Grense|Afrikaans Service]] (later dem know am as Radio Suid-Afrika den Afrikaans Stereo) den de commercial station, [[Springbok Radio]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=0lQOAQAAMAAJ ''Africa Institute Bulletin'', Volume 11], 1973, p. 155&lt;/ref&gt;

Programmes for de [[South African English|English]] den [[Afrikaans]] services mainly be news; plays like ''[[The Forsyte Saga]]'', ''Story of an African Farm'', den ''The Summons'', wey dem write den produce for [[South Africa]]; serious talk shows; BBC radio shows; children's programmes, like ''Sound Box''; den light music wey feature [[South Africa]]n orchestras, arrangers, musicians den singers. Accomplished musicians like pianist den composer [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] feature for all three stations regularly for shows like ''Piano Playtime''. Accordionist [[Nico Carstens]] be regular for de Afrikaans programmes.&lt;ref name=&quot;charlessegal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.charlessegal.com/discography.html|website=charlessegal.com|title=Charles Segal Music – Discography |access-date=18 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Recent history ===
[[File:SABC Sea Point.JPG|thumb|SABC offices for [[Sea Point, Cape Town]]]]
Dem release IBA report on de state of de broadcasting industry for South Africa for 29 August 1995. Dem give recommendations say de SABC lose one of ein three television channels, plus de network dem go use for private television, dey demand de creation of two or three private networks. Dem go restructure de broadcaster, den [[Sentech]] go separate. Oda recommendations include de sale of seven radio stations, while dem grant am eleven radio stations, nine of dem for individual Bantu languages, provisions of hour a day of regional programming windows for television den radio, for estimated cost of 262 million rand/year, reintroduction of third channel but for satellite television den de provision of &quot;education and information driven service&quot; to de subcontinental region.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Relaunching the SABC&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 7, October–November 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem set all de channels make dem rebrand dem by March 1996, in line plus restructuring wey begin for de 1993 CODESA talks. Preliminary changes na dem set make dem take place for 1993, but dem delay am after de elections for April 1994.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;More job losses, all channels rebranded&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 7, October–November 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

For November 1995, Africa Monitor report say de SABC dey in talks plus [[Channel 4]] make e deliver ein television channels by satellite, make e cover de entire population. Up until den, dem believe say quarter of de national population receive at least one of de three channels. By January 1996 fourth channel wey dey carry Channel 4 ein programmes na dem set make e begin, den e go convert to digital for July 1996, plus de aim make e create eight-channel pay-TV service.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC/Channel 4 satellite TV venture&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 8, January–February 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

For de end of 1995, de SABC lose ein contract plus Sky News. Footage for news bulletins wey de corporation ein television channels broadcast now BBC World dey supply.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sky loses news slot to BBC&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 8, January–February 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

For 4 February 1996, two years after de ANC come to power, de SABC reorganise ein three TV channels, so say e go be more representative of different language groups.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Leaper |first=Norm |title=Ahh … the Pitfalls of International Communication |journal=Communication World |volume=13 |issue= 6 |pages=58–60 |location=San Francisco, CA |publisher=International Association of Business Communicators |date=June–July 1996 |url=http://www.iabc.com/cw/ |oclc=107299423 |access-date=14 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; De repositioning of de networks give de SABC ein television service de chance make e be &quot;de new voice den de new vision of de [[rainbow nation]]&quot;. Under de new structure, dem compare SABC TV to &quot;[[tower of Babel]]&quot; regarding SABC 1 den SABC 2 ein programming structure, for de eleven official languages, while SABC 3 na all for English. Dem also heavily criticise de relaunch party by some, like [[Angela Van Schalkwyk]], wey mention say American face present de new television offer.&lt;ref name=&quot;123SABC&quot;&gt;&quot;1, 2, 3, SABC!&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 9, April–June 1996&lt;/ref&gt; Dis result in de downgrading of [[Afrikaans]] by reducing ein airtime from 50% to 15%, move wey alienate plenty Afrikaans speakers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Louw |first1=Eric |last2=Mersham |first2=Gary |title=Packing for Perth: The Growth of a Southern African Diaspora |journal=Asian and Pacific Migration Journal |volume=10 |issue= 2 |year=2001 |pages=303–33 |url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf|doi=10.1177/011719680101000204|s2cid=153693948 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027175821/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf |archive-date=27 October 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Starting July 1997, dem commercialise de corporation.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-06-20-sabcs-radical-changes/ SABC's radical changes]&lt;/ref&gt;

For late 1998, de SABC finally start make e broadcast ein channels for [[DStv]], per agreement plus [[Sentech]] make e convert ein channels to digital. De agreement encompass ein three national terrestrial networks, Bop TV den ein thirteen radio stations, plus de hopes of starting two pan-continental television networks, entertainment channel den news channel.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC bites the bullet and goes digital&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 19, November 1998-January 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

De launch of [[e.tv]] prompt de SABC make e restructure ein three television channels for late September 1998. De strategies na sake of e.tv ein promise say de service go be &quot;full-spectrum&quot; channel as opposed to de niche programming of both de SABC den M-Net. SABC 1 reposition einself as entertainment channel for South African youth den young adults, SABC 2 go carry content wey relate to educational den social issues from de rest of Africa to South African audiences, SABC 3 concentrate for mix of news, current affairs den entertainment.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC TV restructures to meet competition&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 19, November 1998-January 1999&lt;/ref&gt; Two satellite channels, wey dey available for DStv, open for 16 November 1998, SABC Africa den Best of Africa (later dem rename am Africa2Africa).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Finally... news channel for Africa&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 20, February–April 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

In line plus ein ambitions make e be &quot;de pulse of Africa ein creative spirit&quot; (SABC ein tagline for de turn of de millennium), de SABC open up to protocols den co-operation agreements plus partners like [[URTNA]], [[Film Resource Unit|FRU]] den de [[Television Trust for the Environment]], dey eye de rest of Africa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Entertainment on Best of Africa&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 20, February–April 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

For 8 August 2003, de SABC unveil ein current logo, wey coincide plus de Your SABC campaign, wey dem unveil for ein three television channels for 7:30pm dat day. At de same time, dem ditch de Topsport brand for SABC Sport.&lt;ref&gt;South Africa: SABC sets to work on hearts and minds. (2003, Aug 12). BBC Monitoring Media&lt;/ref&gt;

Since den dem don accuse de SABC say e dey favour de ruling [[African National Congress|ANC]] party, mostly for news. E still dey dominant for de broadcast media.

Criticism intensify around 2003–2005, wen dem accuse am of wide range of shortcomings wey include self-censorship, lack of objectivity den selective news coverage.

For 20 October 2020, SABC den de government dey in discussion make dem get TV den streaming providers for South Africa make dem collect TV licence on dema behalf.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/da-starts-petition-against-sabc-tv-licence-plan-for-netflix-dstv-20201214|title=DA starts petition against SABC TV licence plan for Netflix, DStv |first=Thinus|last=Ferreira|website=News24|date=14 December 2020|access-date=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 27 March 2021, SABC den eMedia Investments expand dema partnership wey allow [[OVHD|OpenView]] customers make dem receive 3 additional channels as well as dema 19 radio stations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabc.co.za/sabc/sabc-and-openview-sign-a-new-channel-carriage-agreement/|title=SABC AND OPENVIEW SIGN A NEW CHANNEL-CARRIAGE AGREEMENT – SABC – Official Website|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Leaders===
Director General of de SABC:

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; 
! align=center | Surname
! align=center | Name
! align=center | From
! align=center | To
|-
| Caprara
| René Silvio
| 1936
| 1948
|-
| Roos
| Gideon Daniel
| 1948
| 1959
|-
| [[Pieter Johannes Meyer|Meyer]]
| Pieter Johannes
| 1959
| 1980
|-
| De Villiers
| Steve
| 1980
| 1983
|-
| Eksteen
| Riaan
| 1983
| 1988
|-
|Harmse
| Wynand
| 1988
| 1994
|}
Chairman of de SABC Board:

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; 
! align=center | Surname
! align=center | Name
! align=center | From
! align=center | To
|-
| Matsepe-Casaburri 
| Ivy Florence 
|1994
| 1996
|-
| Zulu
| Paulus
| 1996
| 2000
|-
| Maphai
| Thabane Vincent 
| 2000
| 2003
|-
|  Funde 
| Sonwabo Eddie 
| 2003
| 2008
|-
|Mkhonza
| Khanyi 
|2008
| 2009
|-
|Charnley 
|Irene
|2009
|2009
|- 
| Ngubane 
| Baldwin Sipho 
| 2010
| 2013
|-
| Tshabalala 
| Zandile Ellen
| 2013
| 2014
|-
| Maguvhe 
| Mbulaheni Obert 
| 2014
| 2017
|-
|Makhathini
|Bongumusa Emmanuel 
| 2017
| 2022
|-
|Ramukumba
|Khathutshelo Mike
| 2023
| 
|}

==CEOs==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Chief executive officers of de SABC
!Term 
!Name
|-
|1994–1998
|[[Zwelakhe Sisulu|Sisulu, Z.]]
|-
|1998–2000
|Mbatha, H.
|-
|2000
|Khuzwayo, C.
|-
|2000-2005
|Matlare, P.
|-
|2002–2008
|Mpofu, D.
|-
|2008–2009
|Mampone, G.
|-
|2009–2011
|Mokoetle, S.
|-
|2011–2014
|Mokhobo, L.
|-
|2014–2015
|[[Hlaudi Motsoeneng|Motsoeneng, H.]]
|-
|2015
|Matlala, F.
|-
|2015–2016
|Matthews, J.
|-
|2017–2023
|Mxakwe, M.
|-
|2023–present
|Chabeli, N.
|}

==Radio==

===Establishment===
After dem establish am for 1936, de SABC establish services for wetin na de country ein [[official language]]s for dat time, English den [[Afrikaans]], plus dem establish de Afrikaans service for 1937.&lt;ref name=&quot;rsg&quot;&gt;[http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/21add5804ab13012b09bf050940ae043/RSGundefinedcelebratesundefined75undefinedyears-20122903 RSG celebrates 75 years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223153528/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/21add5804ab13012b09bf050940ae043/RSGundefinedcelebratesundefined75undefinedyears-20122903 |date=23 February 2016 }},
SABC, 29 March 2012,&lt;/ref&gt; Broadcasts for languages like [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Sesotho]] den [[Tswana language|Tswana]] follow for 1940.&lt;ref name=&quot;louw&quot; /&gt;

=== Springbok Radio ===
[[Springbok Radio]], de SABC ein first commercial radio service, start broadcasting for 1 May 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;tomaselli&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ti4WAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%221+May+1950%22 ''Broadcasting in South Africa''], Keyan G. Tomaselli
Currey, 1989, page 197&lt;/ref&gt; Bilingual for English den Afrikaans, e broadcast from de Johannesburg Centre for {{frac|113|1|2}} hours a week.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=Yh4oAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22springbok+radio%22+ ''Press, Film, Radio'', Volume 4], Unesco, 1950, page 435&lt;/ref&gt; De service prove say e popular plus advertisers to de extent say for de time of ein launch, dem book commercial time well in advance.&lt;ref name=&quot;duplessis&quot; /&gt;

De station feature wide variety of programming, like morning talk den news, game shows, soap operas like ''Basis Bravo'',&lt;ref name=&quot;tomaselli&quot; /&gt; children's programming, music request programmes, top-ten music, talent shows den oda musical entertainment. One popular Saturday noontime comedy show na ''Telefun Time'', wey ein hosts go phone various people den conjure up situation comedy, similar brand of humour to de films of [[Leon Schuster]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=89ZZAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Telefun+Time%22 ''Scrutiny 2'', Volumes 1–2], Department of English, University of South Africa, 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

By 1985, Springbok Radio na e dey operate for heavy loss.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=aopCAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Springbok+Radio%22+++31+December+1985 ''Debates of Parliament: Hansard''], Volume 8, Issues 19–21, 1988, page 12123&lt;/ref&gt; After e lose plenty listeners plus de handing over of ein shortwave frequencies to [[5FM|Radio 5]] den facing competition from television, e stop broadcasting for 31 December 1985.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/springbok Springbok Radio Revisited] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018023113/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/springbok |date=18 October 2017 }}, SABC&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC News Service ===
Dem establish de News Service for June 1950, wey replace de programmes of de [[BBC]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=MtdDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22springbok+radio%22+1950 ''Report of the Task Group on Broadcasting in South and Southern Africa''], Task Group on Broadcasting in South and Southern Africa, Christo Viljoen, Government Printer, 1991, page 2&lt;/ref&gt; Although dis na sake of say dem see de BBC broadcasts as dey give British viewpoint of current affairs, concern also dey say de SABC service go become overly pro-government, or &quot;Our Master's Voice&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ggENAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+News+Service%22 ''South African Struggle''], J. J. McCord, J. H. De Bussy, 1952, page 432&lt;/ref&gt; By 1968, e get over 100 full-time reporters for de main cities den local correspondents all over de country, plus overseas news wey [[Reuters]], [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]], [[Associated Press|AP]] den [[United Press International|UPI]] provide.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sTFBAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+News+Service%22 ''Area Handbook for the Republic of South Africa'', Volume 550, Issue 93], Irving Kaplan
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, page 450&lt;/ref&gt; Na News Film Unit dey wey, before television for 1976, produce films for news agencies den television organisations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | title=The Johannesburg Saga | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkJBAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=News+Film+Unit | publisher=John R. Shorten Pty Ltd | author= John R. Shorten | year=1970 | page=729}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC Symphony Orchestra ===
De SABC Symphony Orchestra get ein origins for ein three studio ensembles for Johannesburg, Durban den Cape Town den de Municipal Orchestra of de Johannesburg City Council. Wen de SABC centralise ein broadcasting for Johannesburg, de future of de three ensembles na e dey in doubt but at de same time, dem disband de Municipal Orchestra of de Johannesburg City Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3NZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=disbanded ''Official South African Municipal Yearbook''], S.A. Association of Municipal Employees, 1965–1966&lt;/ref&gt; De SABC manage make e form orchestra of 80 musicians from dese groupings for 1954, den while ein main base na for [[Johannesburg City Hall]], e go tour de country.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/broadcastingarou0000mcca &lt;!-- quote=&quot;SABC Symphony Orchestra&quot;. --&gt; ''Broadcasting Around the World''], William E. McCavitt
Tab Books, 1981, page 21&lt;/ref&gt; De orchestra go be led for plenty years by de SABC ein head of music, [[Anton Hartman]], but e get oda conductors as well, like Francesco Mander den Edgar Cree.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=kcBzAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+Symphony+Orchestra%22 ''South Africa: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa''], Department of Information, 1989, page 596&lt;/ref&gt; International composers like [[Igor Stravinsky]] also dey.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=QsgwAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Igor+Stravinsky%22++ ''South African Panorama'', Volume 32], South African Information Service, 1987, page 39&lt;/ref&gt; Dem also create de SABC Junior Orchestra wey begin for February 1966 under Walter Mony.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=49gwAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Walter+Mony%22 ''South African Digest''], Department of Information, 1978, page 17&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Regional radio ===
Dem start regional commercial FM music stations for de 1960s.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;&quot;
|-
! Station
! Launch date
! Replaced by
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Highveld
| 1964
| [[947 (radio station)|947]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Good Hope
| 1965
| Good Hope FM
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Port Natal
| 1967
| [[East Coast Radio (South Africa)|East Coast Radio]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Jacaranda
| 1986
| [[Jacaranda FM]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Oranje
| 1986
| [[OFM (South Africa)|OFM]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Algoa
| 1986
| [[Algoa FM]]
|}

=== Popular music ===
After de establishment of republic den withdrawal from de [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] for 1961, de Afrikaners ein goal na make dem promote dema culture den so, for first, de SABC ein choice of popular music reflect de [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] government ein initial conservatism, especially for de Afrikaans channel, plus musicians like [[Nico Carstens]]. However dem also ostracise Carstens by de SABC, as ein music na de [[Coloured]] den [[Cape Malay|Malay]] communities of Cape Town influence am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=2MU1vxkY16EC&amp;dq=Nico+Carstens+sabc&amp;pg=PA143 ''Sounding the Cape: Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa''], [[Denis-Constant Martin]], African Minds, 2013, page 143&lt;/ref&gt;

Eventually, musicians break through de barrier, wen de young, English-speaking Jewish musician den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] collaborate plus de older Afrikaans lyric-writer, [[Anton Dewaal]], make dem write songs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=kFfpAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Charles+Segal++Afrikaans+lyric-writer,+Anton+Dewaal,++. ''Catalog of Copyright Entries: Musical compositions''], U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957, page 582&lt;/ref&gt; Segal ein songs like &quot;Die Ou Kalahari&quot; become highly popular plus de Afrikaans-speaking public.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=8thDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Charles+Segal+ ''The Star: an extraordinary 20th century''], James Clarke
''[[The Star (South Africa)|The Star]]'', 1999, page 173&lt;/ref&gt; However, tight censorship dey over all broadcasts, especially of pop music, plus, for example, dem ban de music of [[the Beatles]] by de SABC between 1966 den March 1971.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=yz4IAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=south+africa+ban+1966+ ''John Ono Lennon: Volume 2 1967–1980''], Muff Andersson, Ravan Press, 1981, page 281&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1966 de SABC establish external service, wey dem know am as [[Radio RSA]], wey broadcast for English, Swahili, French, Portuguese, Dutch den German. For 1969 de SABC hold national contest make dem find theme music for de service. Popular [[South Africa]]n pianist den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] den co-writer, [[Dorothy Arenson]] win dis contest. Dema composition, &quot;Carousel&quot; remain de theme song for Radio RSA until 1992, wen [[Channel Africa]] replace am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=6cRzAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Channel+Africa+replaced+the+station+Radio+RSA+in+1992%22 ''South Africa Yearbook''], South African Communication Service, 1995, page 292&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1986, de SABC run competition make e promote South African music. Each of de 15 radio stations, wey artist represent, enter song make e compete for de Song for South Africa for de National Song Festival. Dem broadcast de finals live for television. De Radio Port Natal submission win de competition plus de Don Clarke song, ''Sanbonani'', wey P J Powers den Hotline perform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mojapelo|first=Max|title=Beyond Memory: Recording the History, Moments and Memories of South African Music|publisher=African Minds|year=2008|isbn=978-1-920299-28-6|pages=78–79}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC compile de [[album]] sales chart from de end of 1981 to 1995, den de [[Single (music)|singles]] sales chart from 1958 to 1989 wen dem stop make singles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kimberley |first=Christopher |year=1997 |title=South Africa Chart Book |chapter=introduction}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===1996 restructuring===
For 1996 de SABC carry out significant restructuring of ein services. De main English-language radio service become [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]]. De new service, after some initial faltering, soon develop respectable listenership den dem regard am as flagship for de new democracy. However, government interference for de state broadcaster for 2003 see further changes to SAfm wey reverse de growth den put am in rapid decline once more. Today e dey attract only 0.6% of de total population to ein broadcasts. Dem rename de main Afrikaans radio service [[Radio Sonder Grense]] (literally 'Radio Without Borders') for 1995 den e don enjoy greater success plus de transition.

By contrast, SABC Radio ein competitors, like [[Primedia]]-owned [[Radio 702]], [[Cape Talk]] den [[94.7 Highveld Stereo]] don grow steadily for audience den revenue, while oda stations like de black-owned den focused [[YFM]] den [[Kaya FM]] also attract black audiences.

=== Programming policy ===
As of 12 May 2016, de SABC don implement policy make e promote local content. 90% of all music wey dem play for de broadcaster ein 18 radio stations go come from local artists plus focus for kwaito, jazz, reggae den gospel genres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=78a944804cbb4c09b142f18d7727b2d8&amp;page_from=PRESS|title=SABC|website=www.sabc.co.za|access-date=12 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513131340/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=78a944804cbb4c09b142f18d7727b2d8&amp;page_from=PRESS|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Station list===
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; &quot;
|-
! Station
! Language
! Former name(s)
! Launch date
! Website
! Webcast
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]]
| English
| &quot;A&quot; Service; Radio South Africa
| 1936
| [http://www.safm.co.za/ www.safm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235930/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx |date=30 January 2010 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[5FM]]
| English
| Springbok Radio
| 1975
| [http://www.5fm.co.za/ www.5fm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235828/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx |date=30 January 2010 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Metro FM]]
| English
| Radio Metro
| 1986
| [http://www.metrofm.co.za/ www.metrofm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531000724/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx |date=31 May 2013 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Radio 2000]]
| English
| Radio South Africa
| 1986
| [http://www.radio2000.co.za/ www.radio2000.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134437/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-radio2000_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Good Hope FM]]
| English and Afrikaans
| Radio Good Hope
| 1965
| [http://www.goodhopefm.co.za/ www.goodhopefm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828150528/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx |date=28 August 2013 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Radio Sonder Grense|RSG]]
| [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]]
| &quot;B&quot; Service; Radio Suid-Afrika; Afrikaans Stereo
| 1937
| [http://www.rsg.co.za/ www.rsg.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612142737/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx |date=12 June 2012 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Ukhozi FM]]
| [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| Radio Zulu
| 1960
| [http://www.ukhozifm.co.za/ www.ukhozifm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105436/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx |date=20 July 2011 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Umhlobo Wenene FM]]
| [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| Radio Xhosa (&amp; Radio Transkei)
| 1960
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819045019/http://www.uwfm.co.za/ www.uwfm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134501/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-umhlobowenene_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Lesedi FM]]
| [[Sotho language|Southern Sotho]]
| Radio Sesotho
| 1960
| [http://www.lesedifm.co.za/ www.lesedifm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134338/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-lesedi_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Thobela FM]]
| [[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]
| Radio Lebowa
| 1960
| [http://www.thobelafm.co.za/ www.thobelafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134451/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-thobela_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Motsweding FM]]
| [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
| Radio Setswana (&amp; Radio Mmabatho)
| 1962
| [http://www.motswedingfm.co.za/ www.motswedingfm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105515/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/motsweding/motsweding_22.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Phalaphala FM]]
| [[Venda language|Venda]]
| Radio Venda (&amp; Radio Thohoyandou)
| 1965
| [http://www.phalaphalafm.co.za/ www.phalaphalafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134425/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-phalaphala_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Munghana Lonene FM]]
| [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]
| Radio XiTsonga
| 1965
| [http://www.munghanalonenefm.co.za/ www.munghanalonenefm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134408/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-munganalonene_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Ligwalagwala FM]]
| [[Swazi language|Swazi]]
| Radio Swazi
| 1982
| [http://www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za/ www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134346/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ligwalagwala_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[iKwekwezi FM]]
| [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]]
| Radio Ndebele
| 1983
| [http://www.ikwekwezifm.co.za/ www.ikwekwezifm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134330/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ikwekwezifm_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[tru fm]]
| English and Xhosa
| Radio Ciskei; CKI FM
| 1983
| [http://www.trufm.co.za/ www.trufm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134308/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-cki_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Lotus FM]]
| English and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] (for&lt;br /&gt;de [[Indians in South Africa|Indian]]&lt;br /&gt;community)
| Radio Lotus
| 1983
| [http://www.lotusfm.co.za/ www.lotusfm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617082852/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx |date=17 June 2012 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[X-K FM 107.9|X-K FM]]
| [[!Kung language|!Xu]] and [[Khwe language|Khwe]]
|
| 2000
|
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134526/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-x-k_int.asx]
|}

==Television==

===Early history (1975–1995)===
[[File:Oldsabclogo.jpg|frame|SABC logo, used from 1976 to 1996]]
For 1975, after years of controversy over de [[Television in South Africa#Slow introduction|introduction of television]], dem finally allow de SABC make e introduce colour TV service, wey begin experimental broadcasts for de main cities for 5 May 1975, before de service go nationwide for 6 January 1976. Initially, na [[television licence fee|licence fee]] fund de TV service entirely just like de UK, but e begin advertising for 1978. De SABC (both Television den Radio) still dey partly funded by de licence fee (currently [[Rand (currency)|R]]250 a year).

De service initially broadcast only for English den [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], plus emphasis for religious programming on Sundays.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sD4TCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=crossroads%20sabc&amp;pg=PA67 ''Black Television Travels: African American Media Around the Globe''], Timothy Havens, NYU Press, 2013, page 67&lt;/ref&gt; Local soap opera, ''The Villagers'', wey dem set for gold mine, dem receive am well while dem pan oda local productions like ''[[The Dingleys]]'' as amateurish.&lt;ref name=&quot;spectator&quot;&gt;[http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/9th-april-1977/7/boer-war-on-the-box Boer War on the box], Richard West, ''[[The Spectator]]'', 9 April 1977, page 7&lt;/ref&gt;

Majority of acquired programming for South African television come from de United States, although sake of dema opposition to [[apartheid]], some production companies stop make dem sell programmes to de country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Shows Allow Blacks, Whites to Share Cultural Experiences : South African Viewers Get a Mixed TV Message From U.S. Programs|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-25-mn-7271-story.html|access-date=14 August 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=25 May 1986|author=GLENN FRANKEL (from ''The Washington Post'')}}&lt;/ref&gt;
De British actors' union [[British Actors' Equity Association|Equity]] don already start boycott of programme sales to South Africa, wey dem no lift until 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ban-on-sale-of-tv-shows-to-south-africa-lifted-anti-apartheid-blockade-by-actors-union-dropped-1503272.html Ban on sale of TV shows to South Africa lifted: Anti-apartheid blockade by actors' union dropped following reform of broadcasting, but opposition to touring remains], ''[[The Independent]]'', 10 November 1993&lt;/ref&gt; However, dem show [[Thames Television]] police drama series ''[[The Sweeney]]'' den ''[[Van der Valk (1972 TV series)|Van der Valk]]'', briefly for SABC TV,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=gP0wAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=dubbing ''The S.A. film industry''], African Studies Institute of the University of the Witwatersrand, 1979, page 106&lt;/ref&gt; as well as de original version of ''[[Thunderbirds (TV series)|Thunderbirds]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;spectator&quot; /&gt;

Dem [[dubbing (filmmaking)|dub]] plenty imported programmes into Afrikaans den oda indigenous languages, but for 1985, so say e go accommodate English speakers, de SABC begin make e [[simulcast]] de original-language audio of series for [[FM broadcasting|FM radio]] service wey dem call [[Radio 2000]], wey allow viewers make dem watch dem for de original language; de first English-language series wey dem simulcast na ''[[Miami Vice]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-NRDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Miami+Vice ''The voice, the vision: a sixty year history of the South African Broadcasting Corporation''], Malcolm Theunissen, Victor Nikitin, Melanie Pillay, Advent Graphics, 1996, page 120&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC TV also produce lavish musical shows wey feature de most popular South African composers, solo musicians, bands den orchestras. For example, dem give de pianist den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]], half-hour special show: ''The Music of Charles Segal'', wey various local artists like Zane Adams, SABC Orchestra den odas perform selection of ein music. However, e also broadcast pop music series like ''Pop Shop'', wey consist of overseas den local music, den ''Double Track'', wey consist entirely of local acts.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=jSQEAAAAMBAJ&amp;dq=double+track+sabc&amp;pg=PT75 South Africa Radio Denies Local Artists Are Snubbed], ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 18 Dec 1982, page 55&lt;/ref&gt;

Plus limited budget, early programming wey dem target children tend make e be quite innovative, den programmes like de [[Afrikaans]]-language puppet shows ''[[Haas Das se Nuuskas|Haas Das se Nuus Kas]]'' den ''Oscar in Asblikfontein'' still dey fondly remembered by plenty.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thesouthafrican.com/the-top-10-south-african-childrens-tv-shows-from-days-gone-by/ The top 10 South African children's TV shows from days gone by], ''The South African'', 29 November 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1 January 1981, dem introduce two services, TV2 broadcasting for [[Zulu language|Zulu]] den [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] den TV3 broadcasting for [[Sotho language|Sotho]] den [[Tswana language|Tswana]], both targeted at black urban audience.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rJ-uCwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=TV2+broadcasting+in+Zulu+and+Xhosa+and+TV3+broadcasting+in+Sotho+and+Tswana%2C&amp;pg=PA222 ''The Press and Apartheid: Repression and Propaganda in South Africa''], William A. Hachten, C.Anthony Giffard
Springer, 1984, page 222&lt;/ref&gt; Dem divide de main channel, den dem call am TV1, evenly between English den [[Afrikaans]], as before. For 1986, dem introduce new service wey dem call TV4, wey dey carry [[sports]] den [[entertainment]] programming, den e take over de frequencies wey TV2 den TV3 use, wey den get make dem end broadcasting for 21:00.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=NcQZ1D366t8C&amp;q=%22TV4%22++&amp;pg=PA68 ''Communication and Democratic Reform in South Africa''], Robert B. Horwitz, Cambridge University Press, 2001, page 68&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1991, dem combine TV2, TV3 den TV4 into new service wey dem call CCV (Contemporary Community Values).&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RxB1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22contemporary+community+values%22+sabc ''South Africa: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa''], Department of Information, 1992, page 131&lt;/ref&gt; Dem introduce third channel wey dem know as TSS, or Topsport Surplus Sport, Topsport being de brand name for de SABC ein sport coverage, but NNTV (National Network TV), educational, non-commercial channel, replace am for 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-NRDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22february+11%22++ ''The voice, the vision: a sixty year history of the South African Broadcasting Corporation''], Malcolm Theunissen, Victor Nikitin, Melanie Pillay, Advent Graphics, 1996, page 127&lt;/ref&gt;

===Competition and restructuring===
For 1986, de launch of subscription-based service wey dem know as [[M-Net]] challenge de SABC ein monopoly for de television industry, wey consortium of newspaper publishers back am. Dem prohibit dis service from broadcasting ein own news programmes, wey still na de SABC ein preserve. Direct-to-home satellite television for South Africa begin wen M-Net ein parent company, [[Multichoice]], launch ein first-in-the-world digital satellite TV service, [[DStv]], for 1995. For de time, dem no broadcast SABC TV channels for dis network, but dem later reach agreements wey allow DStv make e carry de SABC channels as well. For 1998, de launch of de first free-to-air private TV channel, [[etv (South Africa)|e.tv]], further erode de SABC ein dominance of free-to-air terrestrial television.

For 1996, de SABC reorganise ein three TV channels plus de aim make e make dem more representative of de various cultural groups.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/25/world/the-voice-of-apartheid-goes-multicultural.html The Voice of Apartheid Goes Multicultural], Kimberly J. McLarin, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 25 July 1995&lt;/ref&gt; Dem call dese new channels [[SABC 1]], [[SABC 2]] den [[SABC 3]]. De SABC also absorb de [[Bop TV]] channel of de former [[Bophuthatswana]] [[bantustan]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/199811270013.html Africa: e.tv accuses SABC], ''[[Business Day (South Africa)|Business Day]]'', 27 November 1998&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1996 den 1998, de SABC get satellite television service wey dem call [[AstraSat]], wey operate two channels, AstraSport den AstraPlus. Technological problems den advertising losses lead to de scrapping of de service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=S. African sat crash|url=https://variety.com/1998/biz/news/s-african-sat-crash-1117467702/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=Variety |date=11 February 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116224402/https://variety.com/1998/biz/news/s-african-sat-crash-1117467702/ |archive-date=16 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC TV programmes for Afrikaans den oda languages now dem dey subtitle dem for English, but dem no dey usually subtitle programmes for English for oda languages, de perception being say all South Africans fi understand English.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=7nIpJOUcvX8C&amp;dq=sabc+tv+subtitles+afrikaans&amp;pg=PA132 ''Language Policy and Nation-Building in Post-Apartheid South Africa''], Jon Orman
Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2008, page 132&lt;/ref&gt; Previously, subtitling na dem confine am to productions like operas den operettas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=1hN1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=subtitles ''Information Digest''], The South Africa Foundation, 1989, page 80&lt;/ref&gt;
Dem no use am for TV1, for de assumption say most viewers understand both Afrikaans den English,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=furtAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22many+South+Africans+understand+both%22 Surfing through the languages], ''[[The Economist]]'', Volume 335, Issues 7917–7920, page 152&lt;/ref&gt; nor for CCV, despite presenters dey use two or more different languages during single programme.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSoIAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=modise ''African Film and Television Magazine, Volume 7''], Z Productions, 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

===New services===
For 2005, de SABC announce proposed creation of two complementary regional television channels, SABC4 den SABC5, make dem emphasise indigenous languages.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200506150754.html South Africa: ICASA Grants the Public Broadcaster Licences to Cater for Marginalized Languages], ''[[AllAfrica]]'', 15 June 2005&lt;/ref&gt; SABC4, wey base for Mafikeng, na dem go broadcast am for [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Sesotho language|Sesotho]], [[Pedi language|Pedi]], [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]], [[Venda language|Venda]], den Afrikaans, to de northern provinces of de country, while SABC5, wey base for Cape Town, na dem go broadcast am for [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]], den [[Swazi language|Swazi]], as well as Afrikaans, to de southern provinces. Unlike oda SABC TV services, SABC4 den SABC5 no na dem go make dem available via satellite.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/SABCs-ready-to-roll-20050314 SABC's ready to roll], ''[[News24 (website)|News24]]'', 14 March 2005&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from soundbites for news or current affairs programmes, no English-language programming na dem go show for either channel.&lt;ref&gt;[https://variety.com/2005/scene/markets-festivals/sabc-adds-channels-1117924696/ SABC adds channels], ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', 19 June 2005&lt;/ref&gt; However, de plans fall through den for 2015, de SABC state say e go launch two new channels, SABC News den SABC Encore.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/Hlaudi-SABC-will-now-start-DTT-with-5-TV-channels-20150520 Hlaudi: SABC will now start DTT with 5 TV channels], ''[[News24 (website)|News24]]'', 20 May 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2013, de SABC announce plans make e launch new news channel, SABC News, wey go be available for DStv, instead of make e wait for de introduction of [[digital terrestrial television]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/media/2013/07/26/sabcs-24-hour-news-channel-raises-many-questions SABC's 24-hour news channel raises many questions], ''[[Business Day (South Africa)|Business Day]]'', 26 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2015, SABC partner up plus online TV platform Tuluntulu make dem launch two more channels wey na SABC Education den SABC Children.

According to de SABC, de factors wey dem dey consider wen dem dey decide how much time language go get for television be: how many home language speakers dey for de coverage area of channel; de geographical spread of de language; de extent to which members of language community fi understand oda languages; de extent of marginalisation of language; de extent to which oda South Africans understand de language; den whether content wey dey use de language dey available.&lt;ref name=SABCFAQ1&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!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|title=About the SABC &gt; Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027152345/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!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|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC currently dey plan make e launch five channels, four of dem being language-targeted:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/sabc-wants-to-launch-5-new-tv-channels-20160425|title=SABC wants to launch 5 new TV channels|date=25 April 2016|access-date=25 September 2019|author=Thinus Ferreira|website=[[News24 (website)|Channel24]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Channel wey dey target [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Northern Sotho language|Pedi]] den [[Sotho language|Sotho]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Swazi language|Swazi]] den [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]] den [[Venda language|Venda]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] speakers
*SABC sports channel

SABC TV get audience of over 30&amp;nbsp;million.&lt;ref name=SABCAdBG&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/advertising%7ctitle=ADVERTISING%7cpublisher=sabc.co.za|title=ADVERTISING|accessdate=28 February 2023}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC1 reach 89% of de public, SABC2 reach 91% of de public, den SABC3 reach 77% of de public, according to de broadcaster.&lt;ref name=SABCFAQ1/&gt; De SABC get 18 radio stations, wey get more than 25&amp;nbsp;million weekly listeners.&lt;ref name=SABCAdBG/&gt;

For 2018, SABC scrap part of de plans from 2015 den downsize dema DTT plans from 18 TV channels to just 9 TV channels sake of financial woes. De SABC get SABC 1-3 den News wey dey fall under de 9 channels plus de rest being: 
*Sports channel
*Health channel
*History channel
*Parliamentary channel
*Education channel

All dese channels need funding make dem materialize den without am de channels remain dream. Dem go craft all dese channels through partnerships den group executive for de SABC mention say if dem able make dem get de sports channel running for SD den maybe dem go able make dem get ninth channel wey be history.&lt;ref&gt;[https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-sabc-downsizes-its-unfunded-digital.html?m=1: The SABC downsizes its unfunded digital TV dream for DTT from 18 to these 9 TV channels.], ''[[TV With Thinus]]'', 26 September 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

For 4 May 2020 amidst de coronavirus outbreak, de SABC launch ein educational channel wey dem call SABC Education through DTT den YouTube plus additional platforms wey go come soon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-sabc-launches-sabc-education-as-new.html?m=1|title=The SABC launches SABC Education as a new tv channel, will debut 4 May 2020 on YouTube and on DTT|date=30 April 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|author=Thinus Ferreira|website=[[TV with Thinus]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC Encore shut down from de end of May apparently MultiChoice den SABC agreement for de channel end back for 2018 wey give de channel 2-year open window. De SABC talk say dem dey explore oda de idea of continuing de channel through anoda platform.

For November 2020, SABC sign channel den radio distribution agreement plus [[Telkom (South Africa)|Telkom]] for dema new streaming service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/11/telkom-launches-its-telkomone-video.html?m=1 | title=TV with Thinus: Telkom launches its TelkomONE video streaming service including linear TV channels with free package and R7 per day subscription; plans more bouquets and says 'we're here for the long run' | date=9 November 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem also launch dema own catch-up den video on demand streaming service wey dem call SABC Plus for 17 November 2022, similar to [[BBC iPlayer]], after two years of announcements.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/sabc-launches-streaming-app-sabc-plus/ | title=SABC launches streaming app SABC Plus | date=17 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Reception outside South Africa==
[[File:South African Broadcast Corporation. Overseas Transcription Service - 33rpm record.jpg|thumb|1970s SABC record for overseas transcription services.]]

===Botswana, Lesotho and Eswatini===

SABC television via satellite also don dey widely available for neighbouring [[Lesotho]] den [[Eswatini]], as well as [[Botswana]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&amp;dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&amp;pg=PA22 ''Media Law in Botswana''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018083009/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&amp;pg=PA22&amp;lpg=PA22&amp;dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=p4BslKmA51&amp;sig=0WuFO9QpUYgVPrv71hZkOPpJWXE&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjt37bu1PjKAhWGAJoKHUNCBIwQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&amp;q=botswana%20gbc%20tv%201988&amp;f=true |date=18 October 2017 }}, Kluwer Law International, 2011, p. 22&lt;/ref&gt; During de AstraSat period, SABC 1 den SABC 3 get more audience dan [[Eswatini TV|Swazi TV]], as locals believe say de service dey bias den underdeveloped. Wen de shutdown of AstraSat signals begin for 11 September 2000 plus SABC 3, de audience lose ein access, wey reveal de limitations of de Swazi media structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=SABC Cut Reveals Swaziland's Media Gap|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200311110693.html |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=AllAfrica|date=18 September 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020705194846/https://allafrica.com/stories/200009180156.html |archive-date=5 July 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; After complaints from rights holders for Botswana, SABC encrypt ein TV channels, wey cut off viewers for those countries.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.itwebafrica.com/ict-and-governance/361-botswana/231218-sentechs-pirated-botswana-signal-finally-off-air Sentech's 'pirated' Botswana signal finally off-air], ''ITWeb Africa'', 1 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

===Namibia===
Until 1979, de SABC operate broadcasting services for [[Namibia]], wey na e dey under [[South-West Africa|South African rule]] for dat time, but for dat year, dem transfer dese to de [[Namibian Broadcasting Corporation#From SABC to SWABC|South West African Broadcasting Corporation]] (SWABC).&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=B-I-AQAAIAAJ ''The Laws of South West Africa''], J. Meibert, 1979&lt;/ref&gt; However, de SWABC retain technical personnel from de SABC, den dem prepare number of ein programmes for de SABC ein studios for [[Johannesburg]] before dem dispatch dem to Windhoek for transmission.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=BlhEAQAAIAAJ ''Sub-Saharan Africa Report, Issues 80–86''], Foreign Broadcast Information Service., 1985, p. 40&lt;/ref&gt;

De SABC also help de SWABC make e establish television service for 1981.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=SkVNAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22television+service%22 ''SWA/Namibia Today''], Section Liaison Services, Department of Governmental Affairs, 1988, page 98&lt;/ref&gt; Dis comprise mix of programming for English, Afrikaans den German, 90 per cent of which come from or via de SABC.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rl81AQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22afrikaans+programmes%22 ''Economic development strategies for independent Namibia''], Harbans Singh, Wilfred W. Asombang, United Nations Institute for Namibia, 1989, page 26&lt;/ref&gt; Dem show programmes locally week after South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;guide&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9I0jAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Walvis+Bay%22 ''International TV &amp; Video Guide''], Richard Paterson, Tantivy Press, 1986, pages 181–183&lt;/ref&gt; De SWABC receive SABC TV programming (wey e record, edit den rebroadcast) first by using [[microwave]] link, den later via [[Intelsat]] [[satellite television|satellite]] link.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3j7tAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=SABC+ ''Namibia Review'', Volume 11], Directorate of Production and Publicity, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 2002, page 16&lt;/ref&gt; De SWABC become de [[Namibian Broadcasting Corporation]] (NBC) after de country ein independence for 1990.

However, [[Walvis Bay]], [[enclave]] of South Africa for Namibia until 1994, receive de SABC ein TV1 for low-power repeater, wey dem broadcast live via Intelsat from 1986.&lt;ref name=&quot;guide&quot; /&gt;

===Mozambique===
Wen [[Televisão de Moçambique]] (for de time Televisão Experimental de Moçambique) na e dey ein infancy, den e operate for single transmitter for Maputo, dem report say, for 1987, officials of de said country ein ruling party [[FRELIMO]] na dem report say dem tune in to stronger SABC TV signals, wey dey come from Johannesburg. For de time, de lone TVE Moçambique transmitter get weak power.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Zucchino |first1=S. |title=The maiming of Mozambique; S. Africa dominates poverty-torn neighbor |work=[[The Ottawa Citizen]] |date=26 September 1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cable company [[TVCabo (Visabeira)]] offer SABC1, SABC3 den Bop TV for ein first few years of operation.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por= TV CABO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020609220511/http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por= |date=9 June 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem remove dese alongside e.tv sake of rights issues, for situation similar to wetin go happen for Botswana ten years later, den dem replace dem plus oda channels from de DStv bouquet, for August 2003,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031104023243/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/ |date=4 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt; wey cause uproar from subscribers.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094933/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/ |date=21 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094150/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/ |date=21 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==International services==

For 1998, de SABC begin make e broadcast two TV channels to de rest of Africa: SABC Africa, news service, den Africa 2 Africa, entertainment programming from South Africa den oda African countries, via [[DStv]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=XsTSXIhG2sgC&amp;dq=%22Africa+2+Africa%22+tv+channel&amp;pg=PA34 ''Media Studies: Institutions, theories, and issues''], Pieter J. Fourie, Juta and Company Ltd, 2001, page 54&lt;/ref&gt; For 2003, dem merge Africa 2 Africa plus SABC Africa make e create hybrid service, wey draw programming from both sources.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3aYdIxYf9NoC&amp;dq=In+2003%2C+%22Africa+2+Africa%22+was+merged+with+%22SABC+Africa%22&amp;pg=PA121 ''Transnational Television Worldwide: Towards a New Media Order''], Jean K. Chalaby
I.B.Tauris, 2005, page 121&lt;/ref&gt; SABC Africa close for August 2008 after dem no renew de SABC ein contract plus DStv.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mg.co.za/article/2008-07-14-sabc-africa-to-go-off-air-for-now SABC Africa to go off air for now], ''[[Mail and Guardian]]'', 14 July 2008&lt;/ref&gt; For 2007, de SABC launch 24-hour international news channel, SABC News International, but e close for 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mg.co.za/article/2010-02-05-sabc-international-goes-bust SABC International goes bust], ''[[Mail and Guardian]]'', 5 February 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

== Criticisms and controversies ==

=== Accusations of pro-ANC bias ===
Dem don accuse de SABC say e be government den [[African National Congress|ruling party]] mouthpiece, especially for de lead-up to de [[South African general election, 2014|2014 South African elections]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ed|first=Herbst|title=ANC tightens its grip on the SABC|url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/66/101739.html#topstory|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232903/http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/66/101739.html#topstory|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 December 2013|publisher=BizCommunity.com|access-date=23 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC phone tapping revelations|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadcasting/100474-sabc-phone-tapping-revelations.html|publisher=MyBroadband|access-date=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; especially after e refuse make e air de campaign adverts of various opposition parties,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DA cries 'political censorship' as SABC refuses to air second advert|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2014/04/30/da-cries-political-censorship-as-sabc-refuses-to-air-second-advert|publisher=Times Live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC bans EFF advert|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/04/22/sabc-bans-eff-advert---video|publisher=Sowetan Live|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033034/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/04/22/sabc-bans-eff-advert---video|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den again for 2015 wen e censor de video feeds of de 2015 State of the Nation address wey portray de ANC den President Jacob Zuma for negative light.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC censored SONA broadcast|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadcasting/118913-sabc-censored-sona-broadcast-enca-satellite-signal-jammed.html|website=mybroadband.co.za|publisher=mybroadband|access-date=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
For 2015, Minister of Communications, [[Faith Muthambi]] reinforce de notion say de SABC na state-owned company, den therefore, subject to control by de Department of Communications den de [[African National Congress|ruling party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The SABC is a state owned company: Communications Minister|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2015/03/17/the-sabc-is-a-state-owned-company-communications-minister|access-date=17 March 2015|agency=Sapa|publisher=Times LIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For August 2005, de SABC come under heavy fire from independent media den de public sake of say e fail make e broadcast footage wey deputy president [[Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka]] boo offstage by members of de [[ANC Youth League]], wey na dem dey show support for de newly axed ex-deputy president, [[Jacob Zuma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=248529&amp;area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__national/|title=Mail and Guardian article on Youth League Controversy|access-date=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rival broadcaster [[e.tv]] publicly accuse SABC of biased reporting sake of say e fail make e show de video footage of de humiliated deputy president. [[Snuki Zikalala]], Head of News den ex-ANC spokesperson retort say dema cameraman no dey for de meeting. Dem later establish say dis claim be false wen dem release e.tv footage wey show say SABC cameraman dey film de incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundayindependent.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=1042&amp;fArticleId=2872217|title=Sunday Independent|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De SABC ein government connections also come under scrutiny wen, for April 2005, Zimbabwean president [[Robert Mugabe]] dem interview live by Zikalala, wey be former ANC [[political commissar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.suntimes.co.za/2004/07/25/insight/in02.asp|title=Insight|website=suntimes.co.za|date=25 July 2004|access-date=1 October 2005|archive-date=16 February 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050216154216/http://www.suntimes.co.za/2004/07/25/insight/in02.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; De public deem de interview say e sidestep 'critical issues', den say e avoid difficult questions regarding Mugabe ein radical land-reform policies den human rights violations.

=== Accusations of censorship ===

For May 2006, dem accuse de SABC of [[self censorship|self-censorship]] wen e decide say e no go air documentary on South African president [[Thabo Mbeki]], den for early June 2006, de news organisation request say de producers (from Daylight Films) no speak about am. Independent media groups widely criticise dis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20060610091410712C874542|title=IOL News Report|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In response, de [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]] issue alert concerning de SABC ein apparent trend toward self-censorship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/74682/|title=IFEX Self-Censorship Warning|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For June 2006, de [[International Federation of Journalists]] denounce de cancelling of de Thabo Mbeki documentary, dey cite &quot;self-censorship&quot; den &quot;politically-influenced managers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=13&amp;art_id=vn20060619012849541C504021|title=IFOJ comment on Mbeki documentary|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Also for June 2006, [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]] host [[John Perlman]] disclose on air say de SABC don create blacklist of commentators.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/|title=Business Day|website=BusinessLIVE|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC CEO [[Dali Mpofu]] create commission of inquiry make e investigate de allegations say dem blacklist individuals for Zikalala ein behest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=3015&amp;art_id=vn20060624083017227C257392|title=IOL on blacklisting allegations|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=275243&amp;area=/insight/insight__national/|title=MG on blacklisting allegations|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215153/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=275243&amp;area=%2Finsight%2Finsight__national%2F|archive-date=27 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Perlman eventually resign from SAfm, den de broadcaster come under heavy criticism from free media advocates.

Shortly before de ANC ein 2012 elective conference for Mangaung, de board of de SABC hand control of news, television, radio den sport to COO [[Hlaudi Motsoeneng]]. Some for de SABC interpret de board ein decision as calculated attempt make e ensure say dem give ANC faction close to President Jacob Zuma positive coverage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-05-00-sabc-chief-takes-control|title=SABC chief takes control|date=5 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; During press conference wey de SABC hold for 6 December 2012, make e explain why e prevent three journalists from participating for discussion on how de media go cover de ANC ein elective conference for Manguang, Hlaudi Motsoeneng talk say whenever dem discuss de ANC for de SABC, ANC party representative must dey present.

For April 2014, SABC chairperson, Ellen Zandile Tshabalala, warn journalists say de [[National Intelligence Agency (South Africa)|NIA]] dey wiretap dema phones, den remind dem make dem be loyal to de ANC ruling party. Wen dem challenge am for de matter, Tshabalala insist say dem take ein comments out of context. De scandal erupt for de same time say de DA official opposition accuse de SABC of censorship&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC censoring our adverts: DA|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2014/04/11/sabc-censoring-our-adverts-da|publisher=TimesLive|access-date=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; wen dem stop make dem air television advert wey refer to de ongoing [[Nkandlagate]] scandal.

For February 2015, dem accuse de SABC of censoring video den audio feeds of de State of the Nation address for Parliament, after opposition party [[Economic Freedom Fighters|EFF]] forcefully eject armed plain-clothes policemen after e interrupt de President ein speech. Dem also censor footage of opposition party [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]] walking out in protest over de presence of de armed personnel. Dis na in addition to de presence of signal-jamming device wey prevent journalists den MP's from being able make dem use dema mobile devices make dem post news online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SONA: What the ANC did not let the nation see|url=http://themediaonline.co.za/2015/02/sona-what-the-anc-did-not-let-the-nation-see/|website=The Media Online|access-date=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem criticise de SABC for banning footage wey show protests den demonstrations for de run-up to de 2016 local elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Mahr |first1=Krista |date=13 July 2016 |title=South African public broadcaster accused of censorship |newspaper=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3646af1e-490c-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/3646af1e-490c-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; For July 2016, eight SABC journalists challenge de broadcaster ein decision make e censor news items, den dem dismiss dem from de organisation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sabc-8-have-all-been-fired-20160719|title=SABC 8 have all been fired|newspaper=News24|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-07-19-breaking-news-sabc-fires-two-more-journalists/|title=Two more of the #SABC8 journalists have been fired|author=News 24|newspaper=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequent hearing for de Labour Court find say de dismissals unlawful den order de reinstatement of four of de full-time SABC employees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36867985|title=South Africa sacked reporters win SABC censorship case|date=26 July 2016|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; During dis period dem subject de eight journalists, including [[Suna Venter]], to number of death threats den oda forms of intimidation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2016-09-18-death-threats-spook-sabc-staffers/|title=Death threats spook SABC staffers|last=HOFSTATTER|first=STEPHAN|date=18 September 2016|website=Timesonline.co.za|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629205558/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2016-09-18-death-threats-spook-sabc-staffers/|archive-date=29 June 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=1 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For October 2016,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.za/speeches/communications-committee-set-begin-inquiry-sabc-board-13-oct-2016-0000|title=Parliament on inquiry into SABC board &amp;#124; South African Government|website=www.gov.za|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; de South African parliament begin make e investigate corruption allegations against SABC den ein Group Executive of Corporate Affairs - Hlaudi Motsoeneng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/censorship-and-corruption-whats-going-south-africas-public-broadcaster-532421?rx=us|title=Five things you should know about South Africa's scandal-hit public broadcaster|date=16 December 2016|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; For 12 December, de Western Cape High Court rule say dem remove Motsoeneng from office effective immediately.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ewn.co.za/2016/12/12/hlaudi-removed-sabc|title=High Court rules Hlaudi Motsoeneng must be removed from position|last=Brandt|first=Kevin|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC Encore's launch party ===

For de channel ein launch event, de COO of SABC for de time use dat event make e rant about making pay-TV platforms like MultiChoice ein DStv pay for SABC 1-3 den how de SABC be 'blind person' dey run. He also take de stage make e call out those plus dema 'lack of knowledge' over de deal wey de public broadcaster get for de channel alongside SABC News.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2015/05/at-bizarre-sabc-encore-channel-launch.html?m=1|title = TV with Thinus: At bizarre SABC Encore channel launch event, SABC's Hlaudi Motsoeneng rants and raves, saying 'MultiChoice must pay'; SABC is 'coming for pay-TV'|date = 12 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.sabc.co.za }}
*[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20060610091410712C874542 IOL – SABC gags Mbeki 'unauthorised' documentary]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061109005832/http://www.mg.co.za/ContentImages/286709/SABCBLACKLISTREPORT.pdf Report of SABC Commission on Blacklisting]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1936 establishments insyd South Africa]]
[[Category:Broadcasting insyd South Africa]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Censorship insyd South Africa]]
[[Category:Organisations dem associate plus apartheid]]
[[Category:Television channels den stations dem establish insyd 1975]]
[[Category:Multilingual broadcasters]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Organizations dem establish insyd 1936]]
[[Category:Mass media companies dem establish insyd 1936]]
[[Category:Radio stations dem establish insyd 1936]]
[[Category:State media]]
[[Category:Blacklisting]]
[[Category:South African news websites]]
[[Category:Mass media insyd Johannesburg]]
[[Category:African Union of Broadcasting members|SABC]]
[[Category:Publicly funded English language broadcasters]]</text>
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'''South African Broadcasting Corporation''' ('''SABC''', '''SAUK''') be de [[public broadcaster]] for [[South Africa]], den e dey provide 19 radio stations ([[Amplitude modulation|AM]]/[[Frequency modulation|FM]]) as well as six television broadcasts den three OTT Services to de general public.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/portal/site/corporate/menuitem.f7f580ebd1506ee48891f2e75401aeb9|title=SABC Station List|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427045156/http://www.sabc.co.za/portal/site/corporate/menuitem.f7f580ebd1506ee48891f2e75401aeb9/|archive-date=27 April 2006|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; E be one of de largest of [[State-owned enterprises of South Africa|South Africa ein state-owned enterprises]] den de biggest state broadcaster for Africa.

Opposition politicians den civil society dey often criticise de SABC, dey accuse am say e be mouthpiece for whichever political party dey insyd majority power, so currently de ruling [[African National Congress]]; during de [[apartheid]] era dem accuse am say e play de same role for de [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=SABC political bias will backfire|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-04-16-sabc-political-bias-will-backfire|newspaper=[[Mail and Guardian]]|date=17 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Company history==
===Early years===
[[File:Corporate arms of the South African Broaadcasting Corporation (1958-1994).png|thumb|Corporate arms of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (1958–1994)|200px]]
Radio broadcasting for [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] start for 1923, under de auspices of [[South African Railways]], before dem license three radio services: de Association of Scientific and Technical Societies (AS&amp;TS) for [[Johannesburg]], de Cape Peninsular Publicity Association for [[Cape Town]] den de Durban Corporation, wey start broadcasting for 1924.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sJh4ziYPoksC&amp;dq=%22African+Broadcasting+Company%22+formed+in+1927%2C&amp;pg=PA114 ''Culture and Customs of South Africa''], Funso S. Afọlayan, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, pages 114–115&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem merge dese into de African Broadcasting Company for 1927, wey [[I.W. Schlesinger]], wealthy businessman own, but for 1 August 1936, dem sell dem to de SABC, wey dem establish dat year through Act of [[Parliament of South Africa|Parliament]].&lt;ref name=&quot;duplessis&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=dU2Yz3u9lMoC&amp;pg=PA89 ''Introduction to Public Relations and Advertising''], D F du Plessis,
Juta and Company Ltd, 2000 p. 89&lt;/ref&gt; De SABC take over de African Broadcasting Company ein staff den assets. E maintain state monopoly on radio until de launch for December 1979 of Capital Radio 604, den [[Radio 702]] for 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;louw&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=r8poAAAAIAAJ ''South African media policy: debates of the 1990s''], P. Eric Louw, Anthroppos, 1993, p. 99&lt;/ref&gt; Although de subscription-funded television service [[M-Net]] launch for 1986, de SABC get monopoly on free-to-air television until de launch of [[e.tv]] for 1998.

During [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] rule from 1948, e come under increasing accusations say e dey bias towards de ruling party. For one time most of ein senior management na members of de [[Broederbond]], de [[Afrikaner]] [[secret society]], den later from institutions like [[Stellenbosch University]].

De SABC na radio service until dem introduce television for 1976. Na three main SABC radio stations dey: de [[SAfm (South Africa)|English Service]] (later dem know am as Radio South Africa), de [[Radio Sonder Grense|Afrikaans Service]] (later dem know am as Radio Suid-Afrika den Afrikaans Stereo) den de commercial station, [[Springbok Radio]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=0lQOAQAAMAAJ ''Africa Institute Bulletin'', Volume 11], 1973, p. 155&lt;/ref&gt;

Programmes for de [[South African English|English]] den [[Afrikaans]] services mainly be news; plays like ''[[The Forsyte Saga]]'', ''Story of an African Farm'', den ''The Summons'', wey dem write den produce for [[South Africa]]; serious talk shows; BBC radio shows; children's programmes, like ''Sound Box''; den light music wey feature [[South Africa]]n orchestras, arrangers, musicians den singers. Accomplished musicians like pianist den composer [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] feature for all three stations regularly for shows like ''Piano Playtime''. Accordionist [[Nico Carstens]] be regular for de Afrikaans programmes.&lt;ref name=&quot;charlessegal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.charlessegal.com/discography.html|website=charlessegal.com|title=Charles Segal Music – Discography |access-date=18 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Recent history ===
[[File:SABC Sea Point.JPG|thumb|SABC offices for [[Sea Point, Cape Town]]]]
Dem release IBA report on de state of de broadcasting industry for South Africa for 29 August 1995. Dem give recommendations say de SABC lose one of ein three television channels, plus de network dem go use for private television, dey demand de creation of two or three private networks. Dem go restructure de broadcaster, den [[Sentech]] go separate. Oda recommendations include de sale of seven radio stations, while dem grant am eleven radio stations, nine of dem for individual Bantu languages, provisions of hour a day of regional programming windows for television den radio, for estimated cost of 262 million rand/year, reintroduction of third channel but for satellite television den de provision of &quot;education and information driven service&quot; to de subcontinental region.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Relaunching the SABC&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 7, October–November 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem set all de channels make dem rebrand dem by March 1996, in line plus restructuring wey begin for de 1993 CODESA talks. Preliminary changes na dem set make dem take place for 1993, but dem delay am after de elections for April 1994.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;More job losses, all channels rebranded&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 7, October–November 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

For November 1995, Africa Monitor report say de SABC dey in talks plus [[Channel 4]] make e deliver ein television channels by satellite, make e cover de entire population. Up until den, dem believe say quarter of de national population receive at least one of de three channels. By January 1996 fourth channel wey dey carry Channel 4 ein programmes na dem set make e begin, den e go convert to digital for July 1996, plus de aim make e create eight-channel pay-TV service.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC/Channel 4 satellite TV venture&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 8, January–February 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

For de end of 1995, de SABC lose ein contract plus Sky News. Footage for news bulletins wey de corporation ein television channels broadcast now BBC World dey supply.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sky loses news slot to BBC&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 8, January–February 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

For 4 February 1996, two years after de ANC come to power, de SABC reorganise ein three TV channels, so say e go be more representative of different language groups.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Leaper |first=Norm |title=Ahh … the Pitfalls of International Communication |journal=Communication World |volume=13 |issue= 6 |pages=58–60 |location=San Francisco, CA |publisher=International Association of Business Communicators |date=June–July 1996 |url=http://www.iabc.com/cw/ |oclc=107299423 |access-date=14 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; De repositioning of de networks give de SABC ein television service de chance make e be &quot;de new voice den de new vision of de [[rainbow nation]]&quot;. Under de new structure, dem compare SABC TV to &quot;[[tower of Babel]]&quot; regarding SABC 1 den SABC 2 ein programming structure, for de eleven official languages, while SABC 3 na all for English. Dem also heavily criticise de relaunch party by some, like [[Angela Van Schalkwyk]], wey mention say American face present de new television offer.&lt;ref name=&quot;123SABC&quot;&gt;&quot;1, 2, 3, SABC!&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 9, April–June 1996&lt;/ref&gt; Dis result in de downgrading of [[Afrikaans]] by reducing ein airtime from 50% to 15%, move wey alienate plenty Afrikaans speakers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Louw |first1=Eric |last2=Mersham |first2=Gary |title=Packing for Perth: The Growth of a Southern African Diaspora |journal=Asian and Pacific Migration Journal |volume=10 |issue= 2 |year=2001 |pages=303–33 |url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf|doi=10.1177/011719680101000204|s2cid=153693948 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027175821/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf |archive-date=27 October 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Starting July 1997, dem commercialise de corporation.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/1997-06-20-sabcs-radical-changes/ SABC's radical changes]&lt;/ref&gt;

For late 1998, de SABC finally start make e broadcast ein channels for [[DStv]], per agreement plus [[Sentech]] make e convert ein channels to digital. De agreement encompass ein three national terrestrial networks, Bop TV den ein thirteen radio stations, plus de hopes of starting two pan-continental television networks, entertainment channel den news channel.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC bites the bullet and goes digital&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 19, November 1998-January 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

De launch of [[e.tv]] prompt de SABC make e restructure ein three television channels for late September 1998. De strategies na sake of e.tv ein promise say de service go be &quot;full-spectrum&quot; channel as opposed to de niche programming of both de SABC den M-Net. SABC 1 reposition einself as entertainment channel for South African youth den young adults, SABC 2 go carry content wey relate to educational den social issues from de rest of Africa to South African audiences, SABC 3 concentrate for mix of news, current affairs den entertainment.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;SABC TV restructures to meet competition&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 19, November 1998-January 1999&lt;/ref&gt; Two satellite channels, wey dey available for DStv, open for 16 November 1998, SABC Africa den Best of Africa (later dem rename am Africa2Africa).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Finally... news channel for Africa&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 20, February–April 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

In line plus ein ambitions make e be &quot;de pulse of Africa ein creative spirit&quot; (SABC ein tagline for de turn of de millennium), de SABC open up to protocols den co-operation agreements plus partners like [[URTNA]], [[Film Resource Unit|FRU]] den de [[Television Trust for the Environment]], dey eye de rest of Africa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Entertainment on Best of Africa&quot;, ''Africa Film &amp; TV Magazine'', nº. 20, February–April 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

For 8 August 2003, de SABC unveil ein current logo, wey coincide plus de Your SABC campaign, wey dem unveil for ein three television channels for 7:30pm dat day. At de same time, dem ditch de Topsport brand for SABC Sport.&lt;ref&gt;South Africa: SABC sets to work on hearts and minds. (2003, Aug 12). BBC Monitoring Media&lt;/ref&gt;

Since den dem don accuse de SABC say e dey favour de ruling [[African National Congress|ANC]] party, mostly for news. E still dey dominant for de broadcast media.

Criticism intensify around 2003–2005, wen dem accuse am of wide range of shortcomings wey include self-censorship, lack of objectivity den selective news coverage.

For 20 October 2020, SABC den de government dey in discussion make dem get TV den streaming providers for South Africa make dem collect TV licence on dema behalf.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/da-starts-petition-against-sabc-tv-licence-plan-for-netflix-dstv-20201214|title=DA starts petition against SABC TV licence plan for Netflix, DStv |first=Thinus|last=Ferreira|website=News24|date=14 December 2020|access-date=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For 27 March 2021, SABC den eMedia Investments expand dema partnership wey allow [[OVHD|OpenView]] customers make dem receive 3 additional channels as well as dema 19 radio stations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabc.co.za/sabc/sabc-and-openview-sign-a-new-channel-carriage-agreement/|title=SABC AND OPENVIEW SIGN A NEW CHANNEL-CARRIAGE AGREEMENT – SABC – Official Website|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Leaders===
Director General of de SABC:

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; 
! align=center | Surname
! align=center | Name
! align=center | From
! align=center | To
|-
| Caprara
| René Silvio
| 1936
| 1948
|-
| Roos
| Gideon Daniel
| 1948
| 1959
|-
| [[Pieter Johannes Meyer|Meyer]]
| Pieter Johannes
| 1959
| 1980
|-
| De Villiers
| Steve
| 1980
| 1983
|-
| Eksteen
| Riaan
| 1983
| 1988
|-
|Harmse
| Wynand
| 1988
| 1994
|}
Chairman of de SABC Board:

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; 
! align=center | Surname
! align=center | Name
! align=center | From
! align=center | To
|-
| Matsepe-Casaburri 
| Ivy Florence 
|1994
| 1996
|-
| Zulu
| Paulus
| 1996
| 2000
|-
| Maphai
| Thabane Vincent 
| 2000
| 2003
|-
|  Funde 
| Sonwabo Eddie 
| 2003
| 2008
|-
|Mkhonza
| Khanyi 
|2008
| 2009
|-
|Charnley 
|Irene
|2009
|2009
|- 
| Ngubane 
| Baldwin Sipho 
| 2010
| 2013
|-
| Tshabalala 
| Zandile Ellen
| 2013
| 2014
|-
| Maguvhe 
| Mbulaheni Obert 
| 2014
| 2017
|-
|Makhathini
|Bongumusa Emmanuel 
| 2017
| 2022
|-
|Ramukumba
|Khathutshelo Mike
| 2023
| 
|}

==CEOs==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Chief executive officers of de SABC
!Term 
!Name
|-
|1994–1998
|[[Zwelakhe Sisulu|Sisulu, Z.]]
|-
|1998–2000
|Mbatha, H.
|-
|2000
|Khuzwayo, C.
|-
|2000-2005
|Matlare, P.
|-
|2002–2008
|Mpofu, D.
|-
|2008–2009
|Mampone, G.
|-
|2009–2011
|Mokoetle, S.
|-
|2011–2014
|Mokhobo, L.
|-
|2014–2015
|[[Hlaudi Motsoeneng|Motsoeneng, H.]]
|-
|2015
|Matlala, F.
|-
|2015–2016
|Matthews, J.
|-
|2017–2023
|Mxakwe, M.
|-
|2023–present
|Chabeli, N.
|}

==Radio==

===Establishment===
After dem establish am for 1936, de SABC establish services for wetin na de country ein [[official language]]s for dat time, English den [[Afrikaans]], plus dem establish de Afrikaans service for 1937.&lt;ref name=&quot;rsg&quot;&gt;[http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/21add5804ab13012b09bf050940ae043/RSGundefinedcelebratesundefined75undefinedyears-20122903 RSG celebrates 75 years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223153528/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/21add5804ab13012b09bf050940ae043/RSGundefinedcelebratesundefined75undefinedyears-20122903 |date=23 February 2016 }},
SABC, 29 March 2012,&lt;/ref&gt; Broadcasts for languages like [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Sesotho]] den [[Tswana language|Tswana]] follow for 1940.&lt;ref name=&quot;louw&quot; /&gt;

=== Springbok Radio ===
[[Springbok Radio]], de SABC ein first commercial radio service, start broadcasting for 1 May 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;tomaselli&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ti4WAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%221+May+1950%22 ''Broadcasting in South Africa''], Keyan G. Tomaselli
Currey, 1989, page 197&lt;/ref&gt; Bilingual for English den Afrikaans, e broadcast from de Johannesburg Centre for {{frac|113|1|2}} hours a week.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=Yh4oAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22springbok+radio%22+ ''Press, Film, Radio'', Volume 4], Unesco, 1950, page 435&lt;/ref&gt; De service prove say e popular plus advertisers to de extent say for de time of ein launch, dem book commercial time well in advance.&lt;ref name=&quot;duplessis&quot; /&gt;

De station feature wide variety of programming, like morning talk den news, game shows, soap operas like ''Basis Bravo'',&lt;ref name=&quot;tomaselli&quot; /&gt; children's programming, music request programmes, top-ten music, talent shows den oda musical entertainment. One popular Saturday noontime comedy show na ''Telefun Time'', wey ein hosts go phone various people den conjure up situation comedy, similar brand of humour to de films of [[Leon Schuster]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=89ZZAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Telefun+Time%22 ''Scrutiny 2'', Volumes 1–2], Department of English, University of South Africa, 1996&lt;/ref&gt;

By 1985, Springbok Radio na e dey operate for heavy loss.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=aopCAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Springbok+Radio%22+++31+December+1985 ''Debates of Parliament: Hansard''], Volume 8, Issues 19–21, 1988, page 12123&lt;/ref&gt; After e lose plenty listeners plus de handing over of ein shortwave frequencies to [[5FM|Radio 5]] den facing competition from television, e stop broadcasting for 31 December 1985.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/springbok Springbok Radio Revisited] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018023113/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/springbok |date=18 October 2017 }}, SABC&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC News Service ===
Dem establish de News Service for June 1950, wey replace de programmes of de [[BBC]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=MtdDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22springbok+radio%22+1950 ''Report of the Task Group on Broadcasting in South and Southern Africa''], Task Group on Broadcasting in South and Southern Africa, Christo Viljoen, Government Printer, 1991, page 2&lt;/ref&gt; Although dis na sake of say dem see de BBC broadcasts as dey give British viewpoint of current affairs, concern also dey say de SABC service go become overly pro-government, or &quot;Our Master's Voice&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ggENAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+News+Service%22 ''South African Struggle''], J. J. McCord, J. H. De Bussy, 1952, page 432&lt;/ref&gt; By 1968, e get over 100 full-time reporters for de main cities den local correspondents all over de country, plus overseas news wey [[Reuters]], [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]], [[Associated Press|AP]] den [[United Press International|UPI]] provide.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sTFBAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+News+Service%22 ''Area Handbook for the Republic of South Africa'', Volume 550, Issue 93], Irving Kaplan
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, page 450&lt;/ref&gt; Na News Film Unit dey wey, before television for 1976, produce films for news agencies den television organisations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | title=The Johannesburg Saga | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkJBAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=News+Film+Unit | publisher=John R. Shorten Pty Ltd | author= John R. Shorten | year=1970 | page=729}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC Symphony Orchestra ===
De SABC Symphony Orchestra get ein origins for ein three studio ensembles for Johannesburg, Durban den Cape Town den de Municipal Orchestra of de Johannesburg City Council. Wen de SABC centralise ein broadcasting for Johannesburg, de future of de three ensembles na e dey in doubt but at de same time, dem disband de Municipal Orchestra of de Johannesburg City Council.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3NZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=disbanded ''Official South African Municipal Yearbook''], S.A. Association of Municipal Employees, 1965–1966&lt;/ref&gt; De SABC manage make e form orchestra of 80 musicians from dese groupings for 1954, den while ein main base na for [[Johannesburg City Hall]], e go tour de country.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/broadcastingarou0000mcca &lt;!-- quote=&quot;SABC Symphony Orchestra&quot;. --&gt; ''Broadcasting Around the World''], William E. McCavitt
Tab Books, 1981, page 21&lt;/ref&gt; De orchestra go be led for plenty years by de SABC ein head of music, [[Anton Hartman]], but e get oda conductors as well, like Francesco Mander den Edgar Cree.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=kcBzAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22SABC+Symphony+Orchestra%22 ''South Africa: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa''], Department of Information, 1989, page 596&lt;/ref&gt; International composers like [[Igor Stravinsky]] also dey.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=QsgwAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Igor+Stravinsky%22++ ''South African Panorama'', Volume 32], South African Information Service, 1987, page 39&lt;/ref&gt; Dem also create de SABC Junior Orchestra wey begin for February 1966 under Walter Mony.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=49gwAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Walter+Mony%22 ''South African Digest''], Department of Information, 1978, page 17&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Regional radio ===
Dem start regional commercial FM music stations for de 1960s.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;&quot;
|-
! Station
! Launch date
! Replaced by
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Highveld
| 1964
| [[947 (radio station)|947]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Good Hope
| 1965
| Good Hope FM
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Port Natal
| 1967
| [[East Coast Radio (South Africa)|East Coast Radio]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Jacaranda
| 1986
| [[Jacaranda FM]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Oranje
| 1986
| [[OFM (South Africa)|OFM]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| Radio Algoa
| 1986
| [[Algoa FM]]
|}

=== Popular music ===
After de establishment of republic den withdrawal from de [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] for 1961, de Afrikaners ein goal na make dem promote dema culture den so, for first, de SABC ein choice of popular music reflect de [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] government ein initial conservatism, especially for de Afrikaans channel, plus musicians like [[Nico Carstens]]. However dem also ostracise Carstens by de SABC, as ein music na de [[Coloured]] den [[Cape Malay|Malay]] communities of Cape Town influence am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=2MU1vxkY16EC&amp;dq=Nico+Carstens+sabc&amp;pg=PA143 ''Sounding the Cape: Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa''], [[Denis-Constant Martin]], African Minds, 2013, page 143&lt;/ref&gt;

Eventually, musicians break through de barrier, wen de young, English-speaking Jewish musician den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] collaborate plus de older Afrikaans lyric-writer, [[Anton Dewaal]], make dem write songs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=kFfpAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Charles+Segal++Afrikaans+lyric-writer,+Anton+Dewaal,++. ''Catalog of Copyright Entries: Musical compositions''], U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957, page 582&lt;/ref&gt; Segal ein songs like &quot;Die Ou Kalahari&quot; become highly popular plus de Afrikaans-speaking public.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=8thDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Charles+Segal+ ''The Star: an extraordinary 20th century''], James Clarke
''[[The Star (South Africa)|The Star]]'', 1999, page 173&lt;/ref&gt; However, tight censorship dey over all broadcasts, especially of pop music, plus, for example, dem ban de music of [[the Beatles]] by de SABC between 1966 den March 1971.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=yz4IAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=south+africa+ban+1966+ ''John Ono Lennon: Volume 2 1967–1980''], Muff Andersson, Ravan Press, 1981, page 281&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1966 de SABC establish external service, wey dem know am as [[Radio RSA]], wey broadcast for English, Swahili, French, Portuguese, Dutch den German. For 1969 de SABC hold national contest make dem find theme music for de service. Popular [[South Africa]]n pianist den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]] den co-writer, [[Dorothy Arenson]] win dis contest. Dema composition, &quot;Carousel&quot; remain de theme song for Radio RSA until 1992, wen [[Channel Africa]] replace am.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=6cRzAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Channel+Africa+replaced+the+station+Radio+RSA+in+1992%22 ''South Africa Yearbook''], South African Communication Service, 1995, page 292&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1986, de SABC run competition make e promote South African music. Each of de 15 radio stations, wey artist represent, enter song make e compete for de Song for South Africa for de National Song Festival. Dem broadcast de finals live for television. De Radio Port Natal submission win de competition plus de Don Clarke song, ''Sanbonani'', wey P J Powers den Hotline perform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mojapelo|first=Max|title=Beyond Memory: Recording the History, Moments and Memories of South African Music|publisher=African Minds|year=2008|isbn=978-1-920299-28-6|pages=78–79}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC compile de [[album]] sales chart from de end of 1981 to 1995, den de [[Single (music)|singles]] sales chart from 1958 to 1989 wen dem stop make singles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kimberley |first=Christopher |year=1997 |title=South Africa Chart Book |chapter=introduction}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===1996 restructuring===
For 1996 de SABC carry out significant restructuring of ein services. De main English-language radio service become [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]]. De new service, after some initial faltering, soon develop respectable listenership den dem regard am as flagship for de new democracy. However, government interference for de state broadcaster for 2003 see further changes to SAfm wey reverse de growth den put am in rapid decline once more. Today e dey attract only 0.6% of de total population to ein broadcasts. Dem rename de main Afrikaans radio service [[Radio Sonder Grense]] (literally 'Radio Without Borders') for 1995 den e don enjoy greater success plus de transition.

By contrast, SABC Radio ein competitors, like [[Primedia]]-owned [[Radio 702]], [[Cape Talk]] den [[94.7 Highveld Stereo]] don grow steadily for audience den revenue, while oda stations like de black-owned den focused [[YFM]] den [[Kaya FM]] also attract black audiences.

=== Programming policy ===
As of 12 May 2016, de SABC don implement policy make e promote local content. 90% of all music wey dem play for de broadcaster ein 18 radio stations go come from local artists plus focus for kwaito, jazz, reggae den gospel genres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=78a944804cbb4c09b142f18d7727b2d8&amp;page_from=PRESS|title=SABC|website=www.sabc.co.za|access-date=12 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513131340/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=78a944804cbb4c09b142f18d7727b2d8&amp;page_from=PRESS|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Station list===
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; &quot;
|-
! Station
! Language
! Former name(s)
! Launch date
! Website
! Webcast
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]]
| English
| &quot;A&quot; Service; Radio South Africa
| 1936
| [http://www.safm.co.za/ www.safm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235930/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/safm/safm_22.asx |date=30 January 2010 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[5FM]]
| English
| Springbok Radio
| 1975
| [http://www.5fm.co.za/ www.5fm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235828/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/5fm/5fm_22.asx |date=30 January 2010 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Metro FM]]
| English
| Radio Metro
| 1986
| [http://www.metrofm.co.za/ www.metrofm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531000724/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/metrofm/metrofm_22.asx |date=31 May 2013 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Radio 2000]]
| English
| Radio South Africa
| 1986
| [http://www.radio2000.co.za/ www.radio2000.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134437/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-radio2000_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Good Hope FM]]
| English and Afrikaans
| Radio Good Hope
| 1965
| [http://www.goodhopefm.co.za/ www.goodhopefm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828150528/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/goodhopefm/goodhopefm_22.asx |date=28 August 2013 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Radio Sonder Grense|RSG]]
| [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]]
| &quot;B&quot; Service; Radio Suid-Afrika; Afrikaans Stereo
| 1937
| [http://www.rsg.co.za/ www.rsg.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612142737/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/rsg/rsg_22.asx |date=12 June 2012 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Ukhozi FM]]
| [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| Radio Zulu
| 1960
| [http://www.ukhozifm.co.za/ www.ukhozifm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105436/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/ukhozifm/ukhozifm_22.asx |date=20 July 2011 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Umhlobo Wenene FM]]
| [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| Radio Xhosa (&amp; Radio Transkei)
| 1960
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819045019/http://www.uwfm.co.za/ www.uwfm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134501/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-umhlobowenene_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Lesedi FM]]
| [[Sotho language|Southern Sotho]]
| Radio Sesotho
| 1960
| [http://www.lesedifm.co.za/ www.lesedifm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134338/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-lesedi_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Thobela FM]]
| [[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]
| Radio Lebowa
| 1960
| [http://www.thobelafm.co.za/ www.thobelafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134451/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-thobela_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Motsweding FM]]
| [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
| Radio Setswana (&amp; Radio Mmabatho)
| 1962
| [http://www.motswedingfm.co.za/ www.motswedingfm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105515/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/motsweding/motsweding_22.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Phalaphala FM]]
| [[Venda language|Venda]]
| Radio Venda (&amp; Radio Thohoyandou)
| 1965
| [http://www.phalaphalafm.co.za/ www.phalaphalafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134425/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-phalaphala_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Munghana Lonene FM]]
| [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]
| Radio XiTsonga
| 1965
| [http://www.munghanalonenefm.co.za/ www.munghanalonenefm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134408/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-munganalonene_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Ligwalagwala FM]]
| [[Swazi language|Swazi]]
| Radio Swazi
| 1982
| [http://www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za/ www.ligwalagwalafm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134346/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ligwalagwala_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[iKwekwezi FM]]
| [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]]
| Radio Ndebele
| 1983
| [http://www.ikwekwezifm.co.za/ www.ikwekwezifm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134330/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-ikwekwezifm_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[tru fm]]
| English and Xhosa
| Radio Ciskei; CKI FM
| 1983
| [http://www.trufm.co.za/ www.trufm.co.za]
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134308/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-cki_int.asx]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[Lotus FM]]
| English and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] (for&lt;br /&gt;de [[Indians in South Africa|Indian]]&lt;br /&gt;community)
| Radio Lotus
| 1983
| [http://www.lotusfm.co.za/ www.lotusfm.co.za]
| [http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617082852/http://www.antfarm.co.za/clients/lotusfm/lotusfm_22.asx |date=17 June 2012 }}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot;
| [[X-K FM 107.9|X-K FM]]
| [[!Kung language|!Xu]] and [[Khwe language|Khwe]]
|
| 2000
|
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134526/http://antbiome-jhb01.antfarm.co.za/sabc/media/pbs-x-k_int.asx]
|}

==Television==

===Early history (1975–1995)===
[[File:Oldsabclogo.jpg|frame|SABC logo, used from 1976 to 1996]]
For 1975, after years of controversy over de [[Television in South Africa#Slow introduction|introduction of television]], dem finally allow de SABC make e introduce colour TV service, wey begin experimental broadcasts for de main cities for 5 May 1975, before de service go nationwide for 6 January 1976. Initially, na [[television licence fee|licence fee]] fund de TV service entirely just like de UK, but e begin advertising for 1978. De SABC (both Television den Radio) still dey partly funded by de licence fee (currently [[Rand (currency)|R]]250 a year).

De service initially broadcast only for English den [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], plus emphasis for religious programming on Sundays.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sD4TCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=crossroads%20sabc&amp;pg=PA67 ''Black Television Travels: African American Media Around the Globe''], Timothy Havens, NYU Press, 2013, page 67&lt;/ref&gt; Local soap opera, ''The Villagers'', wey dem set for gold mine, dem receive am well while dem pan oda local productions like ''[[The Dingleys]]'' as amateurish.&lt;ref name=&quot;spectator&quot;&gt;[http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/9th-april-1977/7/boer-war-on-the-box Boer War on the box], Richard West, ''[[The Spectator]]'', 9 April 1977, page 7&lt;/ref&gt;

Majority of acquired programming for South African television come from de United States, although sake of dema opposition to [[apartheid]], some production companies stop make dem sell programmes to de country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Shows Allow Blacks, Whites to Share Cultural Experiences : South African Viewers Get a Mixed TV Message From U.S. Programs|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-25-mn-7271-story.html|access-date=14 August 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=25 May 1986|author=GLENN FRANKEL (from ''The Washington Post'')}}&lt;/ref&gt;
De British actors' union [[British Actors' Equity Association|Equity]] don already start boycott of programme sales to South Africa, wey dem no lift until 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ban-on-sale-of-tv-shows-to-south-africa-lifted-anti-apartheid-blockade-by-actors-union-dropped-1503272.html Ban on sale of TV shows to South Africa lifted: Anti-apartheid blockade by actors' union dropped following reform of broadcasting, but opposition to touring remains], ''[[The Independent]]'', 10 November 1993&lt;/ref&gt; However, dem show [[Thames Television]] police drama series ''[[The Sweeney]]'' den ''[[Van der Valk (1972 TV series)|Van der Valk]]'', briefly for SABC TV,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=gP0wAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=dubbing ''The S.A. film industry''], African Studies Institute of the University of the Witwatersrand, 1979, page 106&lt;/ref&gt; as well as de original version of ''[[Thunderbirds (TV series)|Thunderbirds]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;spectator&quot; /&gt;

Dem [[dubbing (filmmaking)|dub]] plenty imported programmes into Afrikaans den oda indigenous languages, but for 1985, so say e go accommodate English speakers, de SABC begin make e [[simulcast]] de original-language audio of series for [[FM broadcasting|FM radio]] service wey dem call [[Radio 2000]], wey allow viewers make dem watch dem for de original language; de first English-language series wey dem simulcast na ''[[Miami Vice]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-NRDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Miami+Vice ''The voice, the vision: a sixty year history of the South African Broadcasting Corporation''], Malcolm Theunissen, Victor Nikitin, Melanie Pillay, Advent Graphics, 1996, page 120&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC TV also produce lavish musical shows wey feature de most popular South African composers, solo musicians, bands den orchestras. For example, dem give de pianist den composer, [[Charles Segal (pianist)|Charles Segal]], half-hour special show: ''The Music of Charles Segal'', wey various local artists like Zane Adams, SABC Orchestra den odas perform selection of ein music. However, e also broadcast pop music series like ''Pop Shop'', wey consist of overseas den local music, den ''Double Track'', wey consist entirely of local acts.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=jSQEAAAAMBAJ&amp;dq=double+track+sabc&amp;pg=PT75 South Africa Radio Denies Local Artists Are Snubbed], ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 18 Dec 1982, page 55&lt;/ref&gt;

Plus limited budget, early programming wey dem target children tend make e be quite innovative, den programmes like de [[Afrikaans]]-language puppet shows ''[[Haas Das se Nuuskas|Haas Das se Nuus Kas]]'' den ''Oscar in Asblikfontein'' still dey fondly remembered by plenty.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thesouthafrican.com/the-top-10-south-african-childrens-tv-shows-from-days-gone-by/ The top 10 South African children's TV shows from days gone by], ''The South African'', 29 November 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1 January 1981, dem introduce two services, TV2 broadcasting for [[Zulu language|Zulu]] den [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] den TV3 broadcasting for [[Sotho language|Sotho]] den [[Tswana language|Tswana]], both targeted at black urban audience.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rJ-uCwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=TV2+broadcasting+in+Zulu+and+Xhosa+and+TV3+broadcasting+in+Sotho+and+Tswana%2C&amp;pg=PA222 ''The Press and Apartheid: Repression and Propaganda in South Africa''], William A. Hachten, C.Anthony Giffard
Springer, 1984, page 222&lt;/ref&gt; Dem divide de main channel, den dem call am TV1, evenly between English den [[Afrikaans]], as before. For 1986, dem introduce new service wey dem call TV4, wey dey carry [[sports]] den [[entertainment]] programming, den e take over de frequencies wey TV2 den TV3 use, wey den get make dem end broadcasting for 21:00.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=NcQZ1D366t8C&amp;q=%22TV4%22++&amp;pg=PA68 ''Communication and Democratic Reform in South Africa''], Robert B. Horwitz, Cambridge University Press, 2001, page 68&lt;/ref&gt;

For 1991, dem combine TV2, TV3 den TV4 into new service wey dem call CCV (Contemporary Community Values).&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RxB1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22contemporary+community+values%22+sabc ''South Africa: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa''], Department of Information, 1992, page 131&lt;/ref&gt; Dem introduce third channel wey dem know as TSS, or Topsport Surplus Sport, Topsport being de brand name for de SABC ein sport coverage, but NNTV (National Network TV), educational, non-commercial channel, replace am for 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-NRDAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22february+11%22++ ''The voice, the vision: a sixty year history of the South African Broadcasting Corporation''], Malcolm Theunissen, Victor Nikitin, Melanie Pillay, Advent Graphics, 1996, page 127&lt;/ref&gt;

===Competition and restructuring===
For 1986, de launch of subscription-based service wey dem know as [[M-Net]] challenge de SABC ein monopoly for de television industry, wey consortium of newspaper publishers back am. Dem prohibit dis service from broadcasting ein own news programmes, wey still na de SABC ein preserve. Direct-to-home satellite television for South Africa begin wen M-Net ein parent company, [[Multichoice]], launch ein first-in-the-world digital satellite TV service, [[DStv]], for 1995. For de time, dem no broadcast SABC TV channels for dis network, but dem later reach agreements wey allow DStv make e carry de SABC channels as well. For 1998, de launch of de first free-to-air private TV channel, [[etv (South Africa)|e.tv]], further erode de SABC ein dominance of free-to-air terrestrial television.

For 1996, de SABC reorganise ein three TV channels plus de aim make e make dem more representative of de various cultural groups.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/25/world/the-voice-of-apartheid-goes-multicultural.html The Voice of Apartheid Goes Multicultural], Kimberly J. McLarin, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 25 July 1995&lt;/ref&gt; Dem call dese new channels [[SABC 1]], [[SABC 2]] den [[SABC 3]]. De SABC also absorb de [[Bop TV]] channel of de former [[Bophuthatswana]] [[bantustan]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/199811270013.html Africa: e.tv accuses SABC], ''[[Business Day (South Africa)|Business Day]]'', 27 November 1998&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1996 den 1998, de SABC get satellite television service wey dem call [[AstraSat]], wey operate two channels, AstraSport den AstraPlus. Technological problems den advertising losses lead to de scrapping of de service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=S. African sat crash|url=https://variety.com/1998/biz/news/s-african-sat-crash-1117467702/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=Variety |date=11 February 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116224402/https://variety.com/1998/biz/news/s-african-sat-crash-1117467702/ |archive-date=16 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC TV programmes for Afrikaans den oda languages now dem dey subtitle dem for English, but dem no dey usually subtitle programmes for English for oda languages, de perception being say all South Africans fi understand English.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=7nIpJOUcvX8C&amp;dq=sabc+tv+subtitles+afrikaans&amp;pg=PA132 ''Language Policy and Nation-Building in Post-Apartheid South Africa''], Jon Orman
Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2008, page 132&lt;/ref&gt; Previously, subtitling na dem confine am to productions like operas den operettas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=1hN1AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=subtitles ''Information Digest''], The South Africa Foundation, 1989, page 80&lt;/ref&gt;
Dem no use am for TV1, for de assumption say most viewers understand both Afrikaans den English,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=furtAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22many+South+Africans+understand+both%22 Surfing through the languages], ''[[The Economist]]'', Volume 335, Issues 7917–7920, page 152&lt;/ref&gt; nor for CCV, despite presenters dey use two or more different languages during single programme.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSoIAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=modise ''African Film and Television Magazine, Volume 7''], Z Productions, 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

===New services===
For 2005, de SABC announce proposed creation of two complementary regional television channels, SABC4 den SABC5, make dem emphasise indigenous languages.&lt;ref&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/200506150754.html South Africa: ICASA Grants the Public Broadcaster Licences to Cater for Marginalized Languages], ''[[AllAfrica]]'', 15 June 2005&lt;/ref&gt; SABC4, wey base for Mafikeng, na dem go broadcast am for [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Sesotho language|Sesotho]], [[Pedi language|Pedi]], [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]], [[Venda language|Venda]], den Afrikaans, to de northern provinces of de country, while SABC5, wey base for Cape Town, na dem go broadcast am for [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]], den [[Swazi language|Swazi]], as well as Afrikaans, to de southern provinces. Unlike oda SABC TV services, SABC4 den SABC5 no na dem go make dem available via satellite.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/SABCs-ready-to-roll-20050314 SABC's ready to roll], ''[[News24 (website)|News24]]'', 14 March 2005&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from soundbites for news or current affairs programmes, no English-language programming na dem go show for either channel.&lt;ref&gt;[https://variety.com/2005/scene/markets-festivals/sabc-adds-channels-1117924696/ SABC adds channels], ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', 19 June 2005&lt;/ref&gt; However, de plans fall through den for 2015, de SABC state say e go launch two new channels, SABC News den SABC Encore.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/Hlaudi-SABC-will-now-start-DTT-with-5-TV-channels-20150520 Hlaudi: SABC will now start DTT with 5 TV channels], ''[[News24 (website)|News24]]'', 20 May 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2013, de SABC announce plans make e launch new news channel, SABC News, wey go be available for DStv, instead of make e wait for de introduction of [[digital terrestrial television]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/media/2013/07/26/sabcs-24-hour-news-channel-raises-many-questions SABC's 24-hour news channel raises many questions], ''[[Business Day (South Africa)|Business Day]]'', 26 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

For 2015, SABC partner up plus online TV platform Tuluntulu make dem launch two more channels wey na SABC Education den SABC Children.

According to de SABC, de factors wey dem dey consider wen dem dey decide how much time language go get for television be: how many home language speakers dey for de coverage area of channel; de geographical spread of de language; de extent to which members of language community fi understand oda languages; de extent of marginalisation of language; de extent to which oda South Africans understand de language; den whether content wey dey use de language dey available.&lt;ref name=SABCFAQ1&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!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|title=About the SABC &gt; Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027152345/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCFAQ/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjZyd_DxcDU0N3JycXA08jw2CPMHNnL89AA6B8JC55Y0t_Q2J0G-AAjgYEdHvpR6Xn5CcBXRkOcjd-d4Dk8djk55Gfm6pfkBsaURkckA4Ab4dynA!!/dl3/d3/L0lDU0NTQ1FvS1VRb0tVUW9LVVFvS1VRIS9ZQVVJQUFJSUNJRUFNTU1LR09HT0tHQkpCSktCRk5GTktGRExETEtEQUEhIS80QzFiOElrZm9pVElCS1FVbVJDVXdwTWhFcFJTWkdKVGlBISEvN18yQ0JPSEQwNTFHUDg4MElJMTFRQjRTR08xMS9XQ01fQ09OVEVYVC8lMHNhYmMgcG9ydGFsIC0gdGVtcGxhdGVzJTBTQUJDUG9ydGFsVGVjaCUwZGVmYXVsdF9jb250ZW50JTBjb250ZW50X2ZhcV9kZWZhdWx0L25zXzdfMkNCT0hEMDUxR1A4ODBJSTExUUI0U0dPMTFfV0NNX1ByZXZpb3VzUGFnZVNpemUuNDM3OTM1ODA0ZjcwM2ZhNjkxNmJiZjgyOWQyY2JjYTcvMTAvbnNfN18yQ0JPSEQwNTFHUDg4MElJMTFRQjRTR08xMV9XQ01fUGFnZS40Mzc5MzU4MDRmNzAzZmE2OTE2YmJmODI5ZDJjYmNhNy8yL1dDTV9QSS8x/|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC currently dey plan make e launch five channels, four of dem being language-targeted:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/sabc-wants-to-launch-5-new-tv-channels-20160425|title=SABC wants to launch 5 new TV channels|date=25 April 2016|access-date=25 September 2019|author=Thinus Ferreira|website=[[News24 (website)|Channel24]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Channel wey dey target [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Northern Sotho language|Pedi]] den [[Sotho language|Sotho]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Zulu language|Zulu]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Swazi language|Swazi]] den [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]] den [[Venda language|Venda]] speakers
*Channel wey dey target [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] speakers
*SABC sports channel

SABC TV get audience of over 30&amp;nbsp;million.&lt;ref name=&quot;SABCAdBG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/advertising%7ctitle=ADVERTISING%7cpublisher=sabc.co.za|title=ADVERTISING|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC1 reach 89% of de public, SABC2 reach 91% of de public, den SABC3 reach 77% of de public, according to de broadcaster.&lt;ref name=SABCFAQ1/&gt; De SABC get 18 radio stations, wey get more than 25&amp;nbsp;million weekly listeners.&lt;ref name=SABCAdBG/&gt;

For 2018, SABC scrap part of de plans from 2015 den downsize dema DTT plans from 18 TV channels to just 9 TV channels sake of financial woes. De SABC get SABC 1-3 den News wey dey fall under de 9 channels plus de rest being: 
*Sports channel
*Health channel
*History channel
*Parliamentary channel
*Education channel

All dese channels need funding make dem materialize den without am de channels remain dream. Dem go craft all dese channels through partnerships den group executive for de SABC mention say if dem able make dem get de sports channel running for SD den maybe dem go able make dem get ninth channel wey be history.&lt;ref&gt;[https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-sabc-downsizes-its-unfunded-digital.html?m=1: The SABC downsizes its unfunded digital TV dream for DTT from 18 to these 9 TV channels.], ''[[TV With Thinus]]'', 26 September 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

For 4 May 2020 amidst de coronavirus outbreak, de SABC launch ein educational channel wey dem call SABC Education through DTT den YouTube plus additional platforms wey go come soon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-sabc-launches-sabc-education-as-new.html?m=1|title=The SABC launches SABC Education as a new tv channel, will debut 4 May 2020 on YouTube and on DTT|date=30 April 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|author=Thinus Ferreira|website=[[TV with Thinus]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SABC Encore shut down from de end of May apparently MultiChoice den SABC agreement for de channel end back for 2018 wey give de channel 2-year open window. De SABC talk say dem dey explore oda de idea of continuing de channel through anoda platform.

For November 2020, SABC sign channel den radio distribution agreement plus [[Telkom (South Africa)|Telkom]] for dema new streaming service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2020/11/telkom-launches-its-telkomone-video.html?m=1 | title=TV with Thinus: Telkom launches its TelkomONE video streaming service including linear TV channels with free package and R7 per day subscription; plans more bouquets and says 'we're here for the long run' | date=9 November 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem also launch dema own catch-up den video on demand streaming service wey dem call SABC Plus for 17 November 2022, similar to [[BBC iPlayer]], after two years of announcements.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/sabc-launches-streaming-app-sabc-plus/ | title=SABC launches streaming app SABC Plus | date=17 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Reception outside South Africa==
[[File:South African Broadcast Corporation. Overseas Transcription Service - 33rpm record.jpg|thumb|1970s SABC record for overseas transcription services.]]

===Botswana, Lesotho and Eswatini===

SABC television via satellite also don dey widely available for neighbouring [[Lesotho]] den [[Eswatini]], as well as [[Botswana]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&amp;dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&amp;pg=PA22 ''Media Law in Botswana''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018083009/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K3URmAtiO3QC&amp;pg=PA22&amp;lpg=PA22&amp;dq=botswana+gbc+tv+1988&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=p4BslKmA51&amp;sig=0WuFO9QpUYgVPrv71hZkOPpJWXE&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjt37bu1PjKAhWGAJoKHUNCBIwQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&amp;q=botswana%20gbc%20tv%201988&amp;f=true |date=18 October 2017 }}, Kluwer Law International, 2011, p. 22&lt;/ref&gt; During de AstraSat period, SABC 1 den SABC 3 get more audience dan [[Eswatini TV|Swazi TV]], as locals believe say de service dey bias den underdeveloped. Wen de shutdown of AstraSat signals begin for 11 September 2000 plus SABC 3, de audience lose ein access, wey reveal de limitations of de Swazi media structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=SABC Cut Reveals Swaziland's Media Gap|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200311110693.html |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=AllAfrica|date=18 September 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020705194846/https://allafrica.com/stories/200009180156.html |archive-date=5 July 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; After complaints from rights holders for Botswana, SABC encrypt ein TV channels, wey cut off viewers for those countries.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.itwebafrica.com/ict-and-governance/361-botswana/231218-sentechs-pirated-botswana-signal-finally-off-air Sentech's 'pirated' Botswana signal finally off-air], ''ITWeb Africa'', 1 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

===Namibia===
Until 1979, de SABC operate broadcasting services for [[Namibia]], wey na e dey under [[South-West Africa|South African rule]] for dat time, but for dat year, dem transfer dese to de [[Namibian Broadcasting Corporation#From SABC to SWABC|South West African Broadcasting Corporation]] (SWABC).&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=B-I-AQAAIAAJ ''The Laws of South West Africa''], J. Meibert, 1979&lt;/ref&gt; However, de SWABC retain technical personnel from de SABC, den dem prepare number of ein programmes for de SABC ein studios for [[Johannesburg]] before dem dispatch dem to Windhoek for transmission.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=BlhEAQAAIAAJ ''Sub-Saharan Africa Report, Issues 80–86''], Foreign Broadcast Information Service., 1985, p. 40&lt;/ref&gt;

De SABC also help de SWABC make e establish television service for 1981.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=SkVNAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22television+service%22 ''SWA/Namibia Today''], Section Liaison Services, Department of Governmental Affairs, 1988, page 98&lt;/ref&gt; Dis comprise mix of programming for English, Afrikaans den German, 90 per cent of which come from or via de SABC.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rl81AQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22afrikaans+programmes%22 ''Economic development strategies for independent Namibia''], Harbans Singh, Wilfred W. Asombang, United Nations Institute for Namibia, 1989, page 26&lt;/ref&gt; Dem show programmes locally week after South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;guide&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9I0jAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Walvis+Bay%22 ''International TV &amp; Video Guide''], Richard Paterson, Tantivy Press, 1986, pages 181–183&lt;/ref&gt; De SWABC receive SABC TV programming (wey e record, edit den rebroadcast) first by using [[microwave]] link, den later via [[Intelsat]] [[satellite television|satellite]] link.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3j7tAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=SABC+ ''Namibia Review'', Volume 11], Directorate of Production and Publicity, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 2002, page 16&lt;/ref&gt; De SWABC become de [[Namibian Broadcasting Corporation]] (NBC) after de country ein independence for 1990.

However, [[Walvis Bay]], [[enclave]] of South Africa for Namibia until 1994, receive de SABC ein TV1 for low-power repeater, wey dem broadcast live via Intelsat from 1986.&lt;ref name=&quot;guide&quot; /&gt;

===Mozambique===
Wen [[Televisão de Moçambique]] (for de time Televisão Experimental de Moçambique) na e dey ein infancy, den e operate for single transmitter for Maputo, dem report say, for 1987, officials of de said country ein ruling party [[FRELIMO]] na dem report say dem tune in to stronger SABC TV signals, wey dey come from Johannesburg. For de time, de lone TVE Moçambique transmitter get weak power.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Zucchino |first1=S. |title=The maiming of Mozambique; S. Africa dominates poverty-torn neighbor |work=[[The Ottawa Citizen]] |date=26 September 1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cable company [[TVCabo (Visabeira)]] offer SABC1, SABC3 den Bop TV for ein first few years of operation.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por= TV CABO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020609220511/http://www.tvcabo.co.mz/tvcabo/canais.asp?por= |date=9 June 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem remove dese alongside e.tv sake of rights issues, for situation similar to wetin go happen for Botswana ten years later, den dem replace dem plus oda channels from de DStv bouquet, for August 2003,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031104023243/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/338/ |date=4 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt; wey cause uproar from subscribers.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094933/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/343/ |date=21 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/ Perda dos canais 18 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031121094150/http://www.maputo.co.mz/forum/message/346/ |date=21 November 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==International services==

For 1998, de SABC begin make e broadcast two TV channels to de rest of Africa: SABC Africa, news service, den Africa 2 Africa, entertainment programming from South Africa den oda African countries, via [[DStv]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=XsTSXIhG2sgC&amp;dq=%22Africa+2+Africa%22+tv+channel&amp;pg=PA34 ''Media Studies: Institutions, theories, and issues''], Pieter J. Fourie, Juta and Company Ltd, 2001, page 54&lt;/ref&gt; For 2003, dem merge Africa 2 Africa plus SABC Africa make e create hybrid service, wey draw programming from both sources.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3aYdIxYf9NoC&amp;dq=In+2003%2C+%22Africa+2+Africa%22+was+merged+with+%22SABC+Africa%22&amp;pg=PA121 ''Transnational Television Worldwide: Towards a New Media Order''], Jean K. Chalaby
I.B.Tauris, 2005, page 121&lt;/ref&gt; SABC Africa close for August 2008 after dem no renew de SABC ein contract plus DStv.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mg.co.za/article/2008-07-14-sabc-africa-to-go-off-air-for-now SABC Africa to go off air for now], ''[[Mail and Guardian]]'', 14 July 2008&lt;/ref&gt; For 2007, de SABC launch 24-hour international news channel, SABC News International, but e close for 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mg.co.za/article/2010-02-05-sabc-international-goes-bust SABC International goes bust], ''[[Mail and Guardian]]'', 5 February 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

== Criticisms and controversies ==

=== Accusations of pro-ANC bias ===
Dem don accuse de SABC say e be government den [[African National Congress|ruling party]] mouthpiece, especially for de lead-up to de [[South African general election, 2014|2014 South African elections]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ed|first=Herbst|title=ANC tightens its grip on the SABC|url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/66/101739.html#topstory|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232903/http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/66/101739.html#topstory|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 December 2013|publisher=BizCommunity.com|access-date=23 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC phone tapping revelations|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadcasting/100474-sabc-phone-tapping-revelations.html|publisher=MyBroadband|access-date=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; especially after e refuse make e air de campaign adverts of various opposition parties,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DA cries 'political censorship' as SABC refuses to air second advert|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2014/04/30/da-cries-political-censorship-as-sabc-refuses-to-air-second-advert|publisher=Times Live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC bans EFF advert|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/04/22/sabc-bans-eff-advert---video|publisher=Sowetan Live|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033034/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/04/22/sabc-bans-eff-advert---video|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; den again for 2015 wen e censor de video feeds of de 2015 State of the Nation address wey portray de ANC den President Jacob Zuma for negative light.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC censored SONA broadcast|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadcasting/118913-sabc-censored-sona-broadcast-enca-satellite-signal-jammed.html|website=mybroadband.co.za|publisher=mybroadband|access-date=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
For 2015, Minister of Communications, [[Faith Muthambi]] reinforce de notion say de SABC na state-owned company, den therefore, subject to control by de Department of Communications den de [[African National Congress|ruling party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The SABC is a state owned company: Communications Minister|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2015/03/17/the-sabc-is-a-state-owned-company-communications-minister|access-date=17 March 2015|agency=Sapa|publisher=Times LIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For August 2005, de SABC come under heavy fire from independent media den de public sake of say e fail make e broadcast footage wey deputy president [[Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka]] boo offstage by members of de [[ANC Youth League]], wey na dem dey show support for de newly axed ex-deputy president, [[Jacob Zuma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=248529&amp;area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__national/|title=Mail and Guardian article on Youth League Controversy|access-date=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rival broadcaster [[e.tv]] publicly accuse SABC of biased reporting sake of say e fail make e show de video footage of de humiliated deputy president. [[Snuki Zikalala]], Head of News den ex-ANC spokesperson retort say dema cameraman no dey for de meeting. Dem later establish say dis claim be false wen dem release e.tv footage wey show say SABC cameraman dey film de incident.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundayindependent.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=1042&amp;fArticleId=2872217|title=Sunday Independent|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De SABC ein government connections also come under scrutiny wen, for April 2005, Zimbabwean president [[Robert Mugabe]] dem interview live by Zikalala, wey be former ANC [[political commissar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.suntimes.co.za/2004/07/25/insight/in02.asp|title=Insight|website=suntimes.co.za|date=25 July 2004|access-date=1 October 2005|archive-date=16 February 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050216154216/http://www.suntimes.co.za/2004/07/25/insight/in02.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; De public deem de interview say e sidestep 'critical issues', den say e avoid difficult questions regarding Mugabe ein radical land-reform policies den human rights violations.

=== Accusations of censorship ===

For May 2006, dem accuse de SABC of [[self censorship|self-censorship]] wen e decide say e no go air documentary on South African president [[Thabo Mbeki]], den for early June 2006, de news organisation request say de producers (from Daylight Films) no speak about am. Independent media groups widely criticise dis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20060610091410712C874542|title=IOL News Report|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In response, de [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]] issue alert concerning de SABC ein apparent trend toward self-censorship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/74682/|title=IFEX Self-Censorship Warning|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For June 2006, de [[International Federation of Journalists]] denounce de cancelling of de Thabo Mbeki documentary, dey cite &quot;self-censorship&quot; den &quot;politically-influenced managers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=13&amp;art_id=vn20060619012849541C504021|title=IFOJ comment on Mbeki documentary|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Also for June 2006, [[SAfm (South Africa)|SAfm]] host [[John Perlman]] disclose on air say de SABC don create blacklist of commentators.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/|title=Business Day|website=BusinessLIVE|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; SABC CEO [[Dali Mpofu]] create commission of inquiry make e investigate de allegations say dem blacklist individuals for Zikalala ein behest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=3015&amp;art_id=vn20060624083017227C257392|title=IOL on blacklisting allegations|accessdate=28 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=275243&amp;area=/insight/insight__national/|title=MG on blacklisting allegations|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215153/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=275243&amp;area=%2Finsight%2Finsight__national%2F|archive-date=27 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Perlman eventually resign from SAfm, den de broadcaster come under heavy criticism from free media advocates.

Shortly before de ANC ein 2012 elective conference for Mangaung, de board of de SABC hand control of news, television, radio den sport to COO [[Hlaudi Motsoeneng]]. Some for de SABC interpret de board ein decision as calculated attempt make e ensure say dem give ANC faction close to President Jacob Zuma positive coverage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-05-00-sabc-chief-takes-control|title=SABC chief takes control|date=5 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; During press conference wey de SABC hold for 6 December 2012, make e explain why e prevent three journalists from participating for discussion on how de media go cover de ANC ein elective conference for Manguang, Hlaudi Motsoeneng talk say whenever dem discuss de ANC for de SABC, ANC party representative must dey present.

For April 2014, SABC chairperson, Ellen Zandile Tshabalala, warn journalists say de [[National Intelligence Agency (South Africa)|NIA]] dey wiretap dema phones, den remind dem make dem be loyal to de ANC ruling party. Wen dem challenge am for de matter, Tshabalala insist say dem take ein comments out of context. De scandal erupt for de same time say de DA official opposition accuse de SABC of censorship&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SABC censoring our adverts: DA|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2014/04/11/sabc-censoring-our-adverts-da|publisher=TimesLive|access-date=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; wen dem stop make dem air television advert wey refer to de ongoing [[Nkandlagate]] scandal.

For February 2015, dem accuse de SABC of censoring video den audio feeds of de State of the Nation address for Parliament, after opposition party [[Economic Freedom Fighters|EFF]] forcefully eject armed plain-clothes policemen after e interrupt de President ein speech. Dem also censor footage of opposition party [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]] walking out in protest over de presence of de armed personnel. Dis na in addition to de presence of signal-jamming device wey prevent journalists den MP's from being able make dem use dema mobile devices make dem post news online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=SONA: What the ANC did not let the nation see|url=http://themediaonline.co.za/2015/02/sona-what-the-anc-did-not-let-the-nation-see/|website=The Media Online|access-date=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem criticise de SABC for banning footage wey show protests den demonstrations for de run-up to de 2016 local elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Mahr |first1=Krista |date=13 July 2016 |title=South African public broadcaster accused of censorship |newspaper=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3646af1e-490c-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/3646af1e-490c-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; For July 2016, eight SABC journalists challenge de broadcaster ein decision make e censor news items, den dem dismiss dem from de organisation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sabc-8-have-all-been-fired-20160719|title=SABC 8 have all been fired|newspaper=News24|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-07-19-breaking-news-sabc-fires-two-more-journalists/|title=Two more of the #SABC8 journalists have been fired|author=News 24|newspaper=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequent hearing for de Labour Court find say de dismissals unlawful den order de reinstatement of four of de full-time SABC employees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36867985|title=South Africa sacked reporters win SABC censorship case|date=26 July 2016|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; During dis period dem subject de eight journalists, including [[Suna Venter]], to number of death threats den oda forms of intimidation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2016-09-18-death-threats-spook-sabc-staffers/|title=Death threats spook SABC staffers|last=HOFSTATTER|first=STEPHAN|date=18 September 2016|website=Timesonline.co.za|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629205558/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2016-09-18-death-threats-spook-sabc-staffers/|archive-date=29 June 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=1 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For October 2016,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.za/speeches/communications-committee-set-begin-inquiry-sabc-board-13-oct-2016-0000|title=Parliament on inquiry into SABC board &amp;#124; South African Government|website=www.gov.za|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; de South African parliament begin make e investigate corruption allegations against SABC den ein Group Executive of Corporate Affairs - Hlaudi Motsoeneng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/censorship-and-corruption-whats-going-south-africas-public-broadcaster-532421?rx=us|title=Five things you should know about South Africa's scandal-hit public broadcaster|date=16 December 2016|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; For 12 December, de Western Cape High Court rule say dem remove Motsoeneng from office effective immediately.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ewn.co.za/2016/12/12/hlaudi-removed-sabc|title=High Court rules Hlaudi Motsoeneng must be removed from position|last=Brandt|first=Kevin|access-date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== SABC Encore's launch party ===

For de channel ein launch event, de COO of SABC for de time use dat event make e rant about making pay-TV platforms like MultiChoice ein DStv pay for SABC 1-3 den how de SABC be 'blind person' dey run. He also take de stage make e call out those plus dema 'lack of knowledge' over de deal wey de public broadcaster get for de channel alongside SABC News.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2015/05/at-bizarre-sabc-encore-channel-launch.html?m=1|title = TV with Thinus: At bizarre SABC Encore channel launch event, SABC's Hlaudi Motsoeneng rants and raves, saying 'MultiChoice must pay'; SABC is 'coming for pay-TV'|date = 12 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.sabc.co.za }}
*[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20060610091410712C874542 IOL – SABC gags Mbeki 'unauthorised' documentary]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061109005832/http://www.mg.co.za/ContentImages/286709/SABCBLACKLISTREPORT.pdf Report of SABC Commission on Blacklisting]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1936 establishments insyd South Africa]]
[[Category:Broadcasting insyd South Africa]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Censorship insyd South Africa]]
[[Category:Organisations dem associate plus apartheid]]
[[Category:Television channels den stations dem establish insyd 1975]]
[[Category:Multilingual broadcasters]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Organizations dem establish insyd 1936]]
[[Category:Mass media companies dem establish insyd 1936]]
[[Category:Radio stations dem establish insyd 1936]]
[[Category:State media]]
[[Category:Blacklisting]]
[[Category:South African news websites]]
[[Category:Mass media insyd Johannesburg]]
[[Category:African Union of Broadcasting members|SABC]]
[[Category:Publicly funded English language broadcasters]]</text>
      <sha1>smdwjcbrrx041kopyoivs0xjh1dkaro</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>TikTok</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114189</id>
      <parentid>114027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T14:56:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Make sum corrections</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8138" sha1="kr84gdni262ty1rlz7ooj6xwbciw338" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''TikTok''' be online video sharing [[Social networking service|social networking]] service. E dey allow people make dem create short videos wey fi range from 3 seconds go 10 minutes. TikTok videos fi be about any topic. TikTok dey popular all around de world.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theindustryobserver.thebrag.com/tik-tok-most-popular-app/|title=TikTok is fast becoming the most popular app in the world|date=4 November 2018|website=The Industry Observer|language=en-AU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005154620/https://theindustryobserver.thebrag.com/tik-tok-most-popular-app/|archive-date=5 October 2019|access-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem first release am under de name Douyin for China.&lt;ref name=&quot;citizenlab/tiktok-douyin&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Lin|first1=Pellaeon|date=22 March 2021|title=TikTok vs Douyin: A Security and Privacy Analysis|url=https://citizenlab.ca/2021/03/tiktok-vs-douyin-security-privacy-analysis/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716205539/https://citizenlab.ca/2021/03/tiktok-vs-douyin-security-privacy-analysis/|archive-date=16 July 2023|access-date=5 January 2023|website=[[Citizen Lab]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem release am internationally for 2017. For 2018 TikTok buy Musical.ly.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Lin|first1=Liza|last2=Winkler|first2=Rolfe|date=9 November 2017|title=Social-Media App Musical.ly Is Acquired for as Much as $1 Billion|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lip-syncing-app-musical-ly-is-acquired-for-as-much-as-1-billion-1510278123|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401173155/https://www.wsj.com/articles/lip-syncing-app-musical-ly-is-acquired-for-as-much-as-1-billion-1510278123|archive-date=1 April 2018|access-date=7 May 2018|website=The Wall Street Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BusinessInsider&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Social video app Musical.ly acquired for up to $1 billion|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/social-video-app-musically-acquired-for-up-to-1-billion-2017-11?r=US&amp;IR=T|url-status=live|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175724/http://uk.businessinsider.com/social-video-app-musically-acquired-for-up-to-1-billion-2017-11?r=US&amp;IR=T|archive-date=5 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

According to TikTok users must be at least 13 years old make dem get account. If TikTok see say account dey under 13, TikTok go [[ban]] de account. Any users for TikTok also fi report accounts wey dem believe say dey under de age requirement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Youth Safety and Well-Being|language=en|url=https://www.tiktok.com/community-guidelines/en/youth-safety|access-date=2025-05-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Features ==
For videos wey users record wey dem no want make dem post for de platform yet, dose videos fi stay for de drafts. Dese drafts dey stay for de app until user delete dem or also wen dem uninstall de app from de mobile device, all de drafts go delete. Leaving de video for de drafts dey give you de ability make you edit am later. Some edits wey you fi make be editing [[privacy]] details, thumbnails, den captions. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-12|title=TikTok drafts: How to save, edit, and delete drafts on TikTok|url=https://www.dexerto.com/tiktok/tiktok-drafts-how-to-save-edit-and-delete-1675375/|access-date=2025-05-14|website=Dexerto|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For TikTok users also fi go LIVE wey dey allow users make dem create content den interact plus followers. Only those wey be 18 den older fi go LIVE for TikTok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accounts and Features|language=en|url=https://www.tiktok.com/community-guidelines/en/accounts-features|access-date=2025-05-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== BookTok ===
People for TikTok dey make videos about books. Dem dey call dese videos &quot;BookTok.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=These readers say BookTok changed the way they read: 'Friends at your fingertips'|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/books/what-is-booktok-meaning-rcna70362|access-date=2026-04-25|website=TODAY.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; De people dey talk about books wey dem like.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; BookTok get more dan 77 million book videos for April of 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-04-25|title=Heated Rivalry, The Housemaid and Fourth Wing: TikTok launches BookTok bestseller list|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxmy5gnd0o|access-date=2026-04-25|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Plenty people around de world dey watch BookTok make dem pick wetin dem go read.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For April 2026, TikTok start 'BookTok Top 20' list.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ten writers write all de books for de first list.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; For example, Chloe Walsh write six of de top twenty books.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

==History==
[[ByteDance]] create TikTok. Dem release am for September 2016 den e be de most downloaded app for de [[United States]] for October 2018. As of 2022, TikTok get over 3 billion downloads, den over 1 billion active users each month.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ruby|first=Daniel|date=19 August 2022|title=TikTok User Statistics (2022): How many TikTok Users Are There?|url=https://www.demandsage.com/tiktok-user-statistics/|access-date=16 October 2022|website=demandsage|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Bans==
For 29 June 2020, India decide make e ban 59 apps including TikTok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://appindianews.com/india-bans-59-chinese-apps-tiktok-shareit-uc-browser-helo-likee/|title=India bans 59 Chinese apps - TikTok, ShareIt, UC Browser, Helo, Likee|date=29 June 2020|website=App India News|language=en-US|access-date=29 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Month later for 31 July 2020, US President [[Donald Trump]] announce possible ban of de app.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Trump's threatened TikTok ban could motivate young users to vote, some say|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-s-threatened-tiktok-ban-could-motivate-young-users-vote-n1235587|author=Kalhan Rosenblatt|publisher=NBC News|date=1 August 2020|access-date=2 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Den, for 18 September 2020, de Trump administration announce say dem go remove de app from U.S. app stores for 12 November 2020, unless [[ByteDance]] fi assure de Trump administration say de app no dey pose threat to U.S. security.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Swanson|first1=Ana|last2=McCabe|first2=David|last3=Nicas|first3=Jack|date=18 September 2020|title=Trump Administration to Ban TikTok and WeChat From U.S. App Stores|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/18/business/trump-tik-tok-wechat-ban.html|access-date=22 September 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For April 2024, President Biden sign law wey fi result in de banning of TikTok for de United States unless ein Chinese parent company, ByteDance, sell de app to non-Chinese entity by January 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=24 September 2024|title=TikTok ban in US, how many countries have banned TikTok - 2024 Data [Comprehensive Guide] - IMO Media Hub|url=https://imomediahub.com/tiktok-ban-in-us-other-countries#TikTokBanUS|access-date=27 September 2024|language=en-US|archive-date=14 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114004605/https://imomediahub.com/tiktok-ban-in-us-other-countries#TikTokBanUS|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; For de night of 18 January 2025, dem ban TikTok temporarily for de United States before dem restore am for de morning.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Allyn|first=Bobby|date=18 January 2025|title=TikTok is offline in the U.S. after Supreme Court upholds ban|language=en|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/01/18/nx-s1-5266146/tiktok-offline-supreme-court-ban|access-date=19 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=IV|first=Antonio Pequeño|title=TikTok Ban Live Updates: TikTok Back Online For Many Users—As Trump Promises To Delay US Ban|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2025/01/19/tiktok-ban-live-updates-tiktok-restoring-service-after-trump-promises-hell-delay-ban/|access-date=19 January 2025|website=Forbes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
*{{Official website}}

[[Category:Chinese social networking websites]]
[[Category:Video sharing websites]]
[[Category:TikTok| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>114191</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:02:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Improve article</comment>
      <origin>114191</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8999" sha1="eecglc5l527p6n4xqpf41q6clfnvo5f" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''TikTok''' be online video sharing [[Social networking service|social networking]] service. E dey allow people make dem create short videos wey fi range from 3 seconds go 10 minutes. TikTok videos fi be about any topic. TikTok dey popular all around de world.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theindustryobserver.thebrag.com/tik-tok-most-popular-app/|title=TikTok is fast becoming the most popular app in the world|date=4 November 2018|website=The Industry Observer|language=en-AU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005154620/https://theindustryobserver.thebrag.com/tik-tok-most-popular-app/|archive-date=5 October 2019|access-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem first release am under de name Douyin for China.&lt;ref name=&quot;citizenlab/tiktok-douyin&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Lin|first1=Pellaeon|date=22 March 2021|title=TikTok vs Douyin: A Security and Privacy Analysis|url=https://citizenlab.ca/2021/03/tiktok-vs-douyin-security-privacy-analysis/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716205539/https://citizenlab.ca/2021/03/tiktok-vs-douyin-security-privacy-analysis/|archive-date=16 July 2023|access-date=5 January 2023|website=[[Citizen Lab]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dem release am internationally for 2017. For 2018 TikTok buy Musical.ly.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Lin|first1=Liza|last2=Winkler|first2=Rolfe|date=9 November 2017|title=Social-Media App Musical.ly Is Acquired for as Much as $1 Billion|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lip-syncing-app-musical-ly-is-acquired-for-as-much-as-1-billion-1510278123|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401173155/https://www.wsj.com/articles/lip-syncing-app-musical-ly-is-acquired-for-as-much-as-1-billion-1510278123|archive-date=1 April 2018|access-date=7 May 2018|website=The Wall Street Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BusinessInsider&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Social video app Musical.ly acquired for up to $1 billion|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/social-video-app-musically-acquired-for-up-to-1-billion-2017-11?r=US&amp;IR=T|url-status=live|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175724/http://uk.businessinsider.com/social-video-app-musically-acquired-for-up-to-1-billion-2017-11?r=US&amp;IR=T|archive-date=5 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

According to TikTok users must be at least 13 years old make dem get account. If TikTok see say account dey under 13, TikTok go [[ban]] de account. Any users for TikTok also fi report accounts wey dem believe say dey under de age requirement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Youth Safety and Well-Being|language=en|url=https://www.tiktok.com/community-guidelines/en/youth-safety|access-date=2025-05-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Features ==
For videos wey users record wey dem no want make dem post for de platform yet, dose videos fi stay for de drafts. Dese drafts dey stay for de app until user delete dem or also wen dem uninstall de app from de mobile device, all de drafts go delete. Leaving de video for de drafts dey give you de ability make you edit am later. Some edits wey you fi make be editing [[privacy]] details, thumbnails, den captions. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-12|title=TikTok drafts: How to save, edit, and delete drafts on TikTok|url=https://www.dexerto.com/tiktok/tiktok-drafts-how-to-save-edit-and-delete-1675375/|access-date=2025-05-14|website=Dexerto|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For TikTok users also fi go LIVE wey dey allow users make dem create content den interact plus followers. Only those wey be 18 den older fi go LIVE for TikTok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Accounts and Features|language=en|url=https://www.tiktok.com/community-guidelines/en/accounts-features|access-date=2025-05-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== BookTok ===
People for TikTok dey make videos about books. Dem dey call dese videos &quot;BookTok.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-13|title=These readers say BookTok changed the way they read: 'Friends at your fingertips'|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/books/what-is-booktok-meaning-rcna70362|access-date=2026-04-25|website=TODAY.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; De people dey talk about books wey dem like.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; BookTok get more dan 77 million book videos for April of 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-04-25|title=Heated Rivalry, The Housemaid and Fourth Wing: TikTok launches BookTok bestseller list|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxmy5gnd0o|access-date=2026-04-25|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Plenty people around de world dey watch BookTok make dem pick wetin dem go read.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; For April 2026, TikTok start 'BookTok Top 20' list.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ten writers write all de books for de first list.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; For example, Chloe Walsh write six of de top twenty books.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

==History==
[[ByteDance]] create TikTok. Dem release am for September 2016 den e be de most downloaded app for de [[United States]] for October 2018. As of 2022, TikTok get over 3 billion downloads, den over 1 billion active users each month.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ruby|first=Daniel|date=19 August 2022|title=TikTok User Statistics (2022): How many TikTok Users Are There?|url=https://www.demandsage.com/tiktok-user-statistics/|access-date=16 October 2022|website=demandsage|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Bans==
For 29 June 2020, India decide make e ban 59 apps including TikTok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://appindianews.com/india-bans-59-chinese-apps-tiktok-shareit-uc-browser-helo-likee/|title=India bans 59 Chinese apps - TikTok, ShareIt, UC Browser, Helo, Likee|date=29 June 2020|website=App India News|language=en-US|access-date=29 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Month later for 31 July 2020, US President [[Donald Trump]] announce possible ban of de app.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Trump's threatened TikTok ban could motivate young users to vote, some say|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-s-threatened-tiktok-ban-could-motivate-young-users-vote-n1235587|author=Kalhan Rosenblatt|publisher=NBC News|date=1 August 2020|access-date=2 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Den, for 18 September 2020, de Trump administration announce say dem go remove de app from U.S. app stores for 12 November 2020, unless [[ByteDance]] fi assure de Trump administration say de app no dey pose threat to U.S. security.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Swanson|first1=Ana|last2=McCabe|first2=David|last3=Nicas|first3=Jack|date=18 September 2020|title=Trump Administration to Ban TikTok and WeChat From U.S. App Stores|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/18/business/trump-tik-tok-wechat-ban.html|access-date=22 September 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

For April 2024, President Biden sign law wey fi result in de banning of TikTok for de United States unless ein Chinese parent company, ByteDance, sell de app to non-Chinese entity by January 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=24 September 2024|title=TikTok ban in US, how many countries have banned TikTok - 2024 Data [Comprehensive Guide] - IMO Media Hub|url=https://imomediahub.com/tiktok-ban-in-us-other-countries#TikTokBanUS|access-date=27 September 2024|language=en-US|archive-date=14 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114004605/https://imomediahub.com/tiktok-ban-in-us-other-countries#TikTokBanUS|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; For de night of 18 January 2025, dem ban TikTok temporarily for de United States before dem restore am for de morning.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Allyn|first=Bobby|date=18 January 2025|title=TikTok is offline in the U.S. after Supreme Court upholds ban|language=en|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/01/18/nx-s1-5266146/tiktok-offline-supreme-court-ban|access-date=19 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=IV|first=Antonio Pequeño|title=TikTok Ban Live Updates: TikTok Back Online For Many Users—As Trump Promises To Delay US Ban|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2025/01/19/tiktok-ban-live-updates-tiktok-restoring-service-after-trump-promises-hell-delay-ban/|access-date=19 January 2025|website=Forbes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Sister project auto}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|en}}
* [https://www.douyin.com/ Douyin] {{in lang|zh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:TikTok| ]]
[[Category:2010s fads den trends]]
[[Category:2016 establishments insyd China]]
[[Category:2016 software]]
[[Category:2020s fads den trends]]
[[Category:American corporate subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Android (operating system) software]]
[[Category:Articles wey dey contain video clips]]
[[Category:ByteDance]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Chinese companies dem establish insyd 2016]]
[[Category:Chinese social networking websites]]
[[Category:Delisted applications]]
[[Category:Freeware]]
[[Category:Internet properties dem establish insyd 2016]]
[[Category:HarmonyOS software]]
[[Category:IOS software]]
[[Category:Mobile applications]]
[[Category:Social media companies]]
[[Category:Social networking services]]
[[Category:Vertical video]]
[[Category:Video hosting]]
[[Category:Video software]]
[[Category:Youth culture]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abu Trica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30536</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114217</id>
      <parentid>114031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:59:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Make sum corrections</comment>
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      <text bytes="7987" sha1="j0o27t3xo1ok0koyra765nxwtwfsywp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Frederick Kumi''' wey people know am as '''Abu Trica''', be [[Ghanaians|Ghanaian]] businessman wey [[United States Department of Justice]] declare say dem dey find am in connection plus [[Allegation|alleged]] international fraud den [[money laundering]] activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Ghanaian National Charged with Running Romance Scams That Took Over $8 Million From Elderly Victims |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndoh/pr/ghanaian-national-charged-running-romance-scams-took-over-8-million-elderly-victims |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.justice.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abu Trica: A Portrait of Wealth, Fame and Controversy in Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1456701/abu-trica-a-portrait-of-wealth-fame-and-controve.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-12 |title=Ghana's Abu Trica charged with scamming elderly Americans |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g99kp897do |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; He don be subject of legal proceedings for [[Ghana]] den [[extradition]] request from de United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CSA {{!}}{{!}} News |url=https://www.csa.gov.gh/cybersecurityauthority-has-cracked-down-on-abu-trica-and-others.php |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.csa.gov.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life ==
Abu Trica komot [[Agona Swedru|Swedru]] for de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gbc20252&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 December 2025 |title=Ghanaian National 'Abu Trica' indicted in US over alleged $8m romance scam |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/general/ghanaian-entrepreneur-abu-trica-indicted-in-us-over-alleged-8m-romance-scam/2025/ |work=GBC Ghana Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-12-11 |title=FBI indicts 'Abu Trica' in multi-million dollar elderly romance scam |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/fbi-indicts-abu-trica-in-multi-million-dollar-elderly-romance-scam.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-04-21 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alleged fraud activities ==
According to [[prosecutor]]s, dem allege say Abu Trica be part of international criminal network wey dey involve for [[Romance scam|romance fraud]] schemes wey dey target victims, especially elderly individuals for de [[United States]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pulse2026&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=21 April 2026 |title=Abu Trica to be released on GH¢30m bail after 4 months in police custody |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/story/abu-trica-to-be-released-on-ghcent30m-bail-after-4-months-in-police-custody-2026042113405605598 |work=Pulse Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De alleged scheme reportedly involve de use of [[artificial intelligence]] tools make dem create fake identities den establish [[romantic relationship]]s plus victims via [[social media]] den online dating platforms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Admin1 |date=2025-12-12 |title=Abu Trica charged in $8 million romance scam targeting elderly Americans |url=https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/abu-trica-charged-in-8-million-romance-scam-targeting-elderly-americans/ |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-04-21 |newspaper=[[Ghanaian Times]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Den dem persuade victims make dem send money under [[False pretenses|false pretence]]s, including [[Medical emergency|medical emergencies]], travel costs, den [[investment]] opportunities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-21 |title=High Court grants GH₵30m bail to Abu Trica amid ongoing extradition battle - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/high-court-grants-gh%e2%82%b530m-bail-to-abu-trica-amid-ongoing-extradition-battle/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Detective|Investigators]] allege say Abu Trica play role for facilitating de transfer of funds from victims for de United States go [[Aiding and abetting|accomplices]] for Ghana den oda jurisdictions.&lt;ref name=&quot;pulse2026&quot; /&gt; Dem arrest am for 11 December 2025 for Ghana during joint operation wey involve Ghanaian authorities den de United States [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;myjoy2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=23 December 2025 |title=Abu Trica appears in court over $8m romance scam ahead of U.S. extradition |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/abu-trica-appears-in-court-over-8m-romance-scam-ahead-of-u-s-extradition/ |work=MyJoyOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gbc20252&quot;/&gt;

After dem arrest am, dem arraign am before de Gbese District Court for Accra as part of extradition proceedings wey U.S. authorities start.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026&quot;/&gt;

== Legal proceedings ==

=== Arrest den detention ===
Ghanaian authorities arrest Abu Trica for 11 December 2025 after extradition request from de United States, wey dem formally charge am in connection plus de alleged fraud network.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why Abu trica was rearrested after discharged by Gbese District court |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1466508/why-abu-trica-was-rearrested-after-discharged-by.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently district court for Ghana [[Pre-trial detention|remand]] am into custody while legal proceedings dey go on.&lt;ref name=&quot;asaaseradio2026&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2026 |title=Abu Trica case: Partner released from custody, lawyers threaten legal action |url=https://asaaseradio.com/abu-trica-case-partner-released-from-custody-lawyers-threaten-legal-action/ |work=Asaase Radio}}&lt;/ref&gt; After court proceedings for 2026, de [[High court|High Court]] for Accra grant Abu Trica [[bail]]. Later de [[Narcotics Control Board (Ghana)|Narcotics Control Commission (NACOC)]] re-arrest am in connection plus ongoing investigations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abu Trica re-arrested after state withdrew charges |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1466429/abu-trica-re-arrested-after-state-withdrew-charges.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Charges ===
Abu Trica dey face [[Criminal charge|charges]] wey include [[conspiracy]] to commit [[Mail and wire fraud|wire fraud]] den conspiracy to commit [[money laundering]].&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026&quot;/&gt;

=== Bail ===
For April 2026, de High Court for Accra grant Abu Trica bail for de sum of GH¢30 million plus two [[Surety|sureties]] wey dem go justify. Dem grant de bail after approximately four months for custody, after dem arrest am for December 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abu Trica Extradition Case: Socialite Granted GH¢30M Bail in High Court Ruling {{!}} News Feed |url=https://www.modernghana.com/videonews/cititv/1/638870/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.modernghana.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Extradition ===
For 9 July 2026, dem extradite Kumi go de United States make he face trial on charges of conspiracy to commit wire fraud den money laundering, offences wey carry maximum sentence of 20 years' imprisonment if dem convict am.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-07-09 |title=Abu Trica extradited to US |url=https://www.citinewsroom.com/2026/07/abu-trica-extradited-to-us/ |access-date=2026-07-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026ext&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Ghanaian influencer extradited to US over $8m scam targeting elderly Americans |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz75zp9752do |publisher=BBC News |date=9 July 2026 |first=Thomas |last=Naadi |access-date=9 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; He deny de allegations.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026ext&quot;/&gt;

According to BBC News, Kumi ein lawyer argue say de extradition proceed before de court deliver ein decision den raise constitutional concerns. For de time of publication, de Ghanaian government no publicly comment on de matter.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026ext&quot;/&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trica, Abu}}
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:People dem charge plus fraud]]
[[Category:United States criminal due process case law]]
[[Category:Fugitives wey de United States want]]
[[Category:People wey komot Central Region (Ghana)]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>114218</id>
      <parentid>114217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T16:02:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Ghanaian businesspeople]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="8024" sha1="ck4xmu5jywzbat071jo1cnyscc997o5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Frederick Kumi''' wey people know am as '''Abu Trica''', be [[Ghanaians|Ghanaian]] businessman wey [[United States Department of Justice]] declare say dem dey find am in connection plus [[Allegation|alleged]] international fraud den [[money laundering]] activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Ghanaian National Charged with Running Romance Scams That Took Over $8 Million From Elderly Victims |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndoh/pr/ghanaian-national-charged-running-romance-scams-took-over-8-million-elderly-victims |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.justice.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abu Trica: A Portrait of Wealth, Fame and Controversy in Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1456701/abu-trica-a-portrait-of-wealth-fame-and-controve.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-12 |title=Ghana's Abu Trica charged with scamming elderly Americans |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g99kp897do |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; He don be subject of legal proceedings for [[Ghana]] den [[extradition]] request from de United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CSA {{!}}{{!}} News |url=https://www.csa.gov.gh/cybersecurityauthority-has-cracked-down-on-abu-trica-and-others.php |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.csa.gov.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life ==
Abu Trica komot [[Agona Swedru|Swedru]] for de [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gbc20252&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 December 2025 |title=Ghanaian National 'Abu Trica' indicted in US over alleged $8m romance scam |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/general/ghanaian-entrepreneur-abu-trica-indicted-in-us-over-alleged-8m-romance-scam/2025/ |work=GBC Ghana Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-12-11 |title=FBI indicts 'Abu Trica' in multi-million dollar elderly romance scam |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/fbi-indicts-abu-trica-in-multi-million-dollar-elderly-romance-scam.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-04-21 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alleged fraud activities ==
According to [[prosecutor]]s, dem allege say Abu Trica be part of international criminal network wey dey involve for [[Romance scam|romance fraud]] schemes wey dey target victims, especially elderly individuals for de [[United States]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pulse2026&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=21 April 2026 |title=Abu Trica to be released on GH¢30m bail after 4 months in police custody |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/story/abu-trica-to-be-released-on-ghcent30m-bail-after-4-months-in-police-custody-2026042113405605598 |work=Pulse Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De alleged scheme reportedly involve de use of [[artificial intelligence]] tools make dem create fake identities den establish [[romantic relationship]]s plus victims via [[social media]] den online dating platforms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Admin1 |date=2025-12-12 |title=Abu Trica charged in $8 million romance scam targeting elderly Americans |url=https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/abu-trica-charged-in-8-million-romance-scam-targeting-elderly-americans/ |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-04-21 |newspaper=[[Ghanaian Times]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Den dem persuade victims make dem send money under [[False pretenses|false pretence]]s, including [[Medical emergency|medical emergencies]], travel costs, den [[investment]] opportunities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-21 |title=High Court grants GH₵30m bail to Abu Trica amid ongoing extradition battle - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/high-court-grants-gh%e2%82%b530m-bail-to-abu-trica-amid-ongoing-extradition-battle/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Detective|Investigators]] allege say Abu Trica play role for facilitating de transfer of funds from victims for de United States go [[Aiding and abetting|accomplices]] for Ghana den oda jurisdictions.&lt;ref name=&quot;pulse2026&quot; /&gt; Dem arrest am for 11 December 2025 for Ghana during joint operation wey involve Ghanaian authorities den de United States [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;myjoy2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=23 December 2025 |title=Abu Trica appears in court over $8m romance scam ahead of U.S. extradition |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/abu-trica-appears-in-court-over-8m-romance-scam-ahead-of-u-s-extradition/ |work=MyJoyOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gbc20252&quot;/&gt;

After dem arrest am, dem arraign am before de Gbese District Court for Accra as part of extradition proceedings wey U.S. authorities start.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026&quot;/&gt;

== Legal proceedings ==

=== Arrest den detention ===
Ghanaian authorities arrest Abu Trica for 11 December 2025 after extradition request from de United States, wey dem formally charge am in connection plus de alleged fraud network.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why Abu trica was rearrested after discharged by Gbese District court |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1466508/why-abu-trica-was-rearrested-after-discharged-by.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently district court for Ghana [[Pre-trial detention|remand]] am into custody while legal proceedings dey go on.&lt;ref name=&quot;asaaseradio2026&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2026 |title=Abu Trica case: Partner released from custody, lawyers threaten legal action |url=https://asaaseradio.com/abu-trica-case-partner-released-from-custody-lawyers-threaten-legal-action/ |work=Asaase Radio}}&lt;/ref&gt; After court proceedings for 2026, de [[High court|High Court]] for Accra grant Abu Trica [[bail]]. Later de [[Narcotics Control Board (Ghana)|Narcotics Control Commission (NACOC)]] re-arrest am in connection plus ongoing investigations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abu Trica re-arrested after state withdrew charges |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1466429/abu-trica-re-arrested-after-state-withdrew-charges.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Charges ===
Abu Trica dey face [[Criminal charge|charges]] wey include [[conspiracy]] to commit [[Mail and wire fraud|wire fraud]] den conspiracy to commit [[money laundering]].&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026&quot;/&gt;

=== Bail ===
For April 2026, de High Court for Accra grant Abu Trica bail for de sum of GH¢30 million plus two [[Surety|sureties]] wey dem go justify. Dem grant de bail after approximately four months for custody, after dem arrest am for December 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abu Trica Extradition Case: Socialite Granted GH¢30M Bail in High Court Ruling {{!}} News Feed |url=https://www.modernghana.com/videonews/cititv/1/638870/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.modernghana.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Extradition ===
For 9 July 2026, dem extradite Kumi go de United States make he face trial on charges of conspiracy to commit wire fraud den money laundering, offences wey carry maximum sentence of 20 years' imprisonment if dem convict am.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-07-09 |title=Abu Trica extradited to US |url=https://www.citinewsroom.com/2026/07/abu-trica-extradited-to-us/ |access-date=2026-07-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026ext&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Ghanaian influencer extradited to US over $8m scam targeting elderly Americans |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz75zp9752do |publisher=BBC News |date=9 July 2026 |first=Thomas |last=Naadi |access-date=9 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; He deny de allegations.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026ext&quot;/&gt;

According to BBC News, Kumi ein lawyer argue say de extradition proceed before de court deliver ein decision den raise constitutional concerns. For de time of publication, de Ghanaian government no publicly comment on de matter.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2026ext&quot;/&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trica, Abu}}
[[Category:Ghanaians]]
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:People dem charge plus fraud]]
[[Category:United States criminal due process case law]]
[[Category:Fugitives wey de United States want]]
[[Category:People wey komot Central Region (Ghana)]]
[[Category:Ghanaian businesspeople]]</text>
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    <title>Ebo Noah</title>
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'''Ebo Noah''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghanaian Noah postpones his ark project after global floods fail to happen on Christmas day|url=https://tanzaniatimes.net/ghanaian-noah-postpones-his-ark-project-after-global-floods-fail-to-happen-on-christmas-day/|website=The Tanzania Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; wey dem also dey call Ebo Jesus, or just Noah, be Ghanaian man wey dey claim say he be prophet den Social media personality wey people all over de world hear about am for 2025 sake of wetin he talk say go happen — say heavy flood go cover de whole world.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=World Ending On December 25? Viral Ghanaian ‘Prophet’ Ebo Noah Builds Modern Noah’s Ark For Biblical Christmas Flood|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/world/world-ending-on-december-25-viral-ghanaian-prophet-ebo-noah-builds-modern-noahs-ark-for-doomsday-article-153344658|website=Times Now World}}&lt;/ref&gt; People know am sake of say he build big wooden boats den talk say God show am vision, wey make plenty people for internet dey follow am den make people for ein area dey argue about am.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=who is prophet ebo Noah and why are so many following him|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/who-is-prophet-ebo-noah-and-why-are-so-many-following-him-10438965/|website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=World Ending On December 25? Ghanaian Man Builds Arks Ahead Of Christmas Flood Prophecy|url=https://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/world-ending-on-december-25-ghanaian-man-builds-arks-ahead-of-christmas-flood-prophecy/|website=Arab Times Kuwait}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ebo Noah makes surprise appearance at Sarkodie’s Rapperholic concert|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/82572/ebo-noah-makes-surprise-appearance-at-sarkodies.html|website=Modern Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ein background==
Ebo Noah be Ghanaian man wey ein age dey early 30s. He first make plenty people hear about am for middle of 2025 after he post videos for [[Social media]] platforms like [[Instagram]], [[TikTok]], den [[YouTube]]. For de videos, he talk say God show am say heavy flood go start for 25 December 2025 (Christmas Day) den e go last for plenty years, wey go cover de whole Earth — na wetin he call biblical-style deluge.

Ebo talk say God tell am make he build plenty wooden &quot;arks&quot; — just like de biblical Noah ein Ark&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Noah’s ark is ready|url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/world-news/article/noahs-ark-is-ready-23608670|website=mid day}}&lt;/ref&gt; — make e save de faithful people den de animals wey dem need from de disaster wey dey come. He dey show people how dem dey build de boats for places for Ghana, den he dey work plus local fishermen den followers make dem build dem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Biblical covenant broken? Ghanaian man builds modern-day Noah's ark, warns of 2025 Christmas flood|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/biblical-covenant-broken-ghanaian-man-builds-modern-day-noahs-ark-warns-of-2025-christmas-flood/articleshow/125820156.cms|website=Times Entertainment}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ein prophecy about doomsday den how people take react==
According to wetin he talk, rain go start for December 25, 2025, den e go continue for three go four years, wey go make flood cover everywhere for de world. He beg people make dem prepare, gada food den oda things, den come join am for de places wey dem dey build de arks. Dem talk say thousands of followers travel go places like Elmina den oda areas for Ghana sake of say dem want enter de arks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghanaian prophet retracts claim after failed Christmas apocalypse prediction, followers question donations|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2584467/ghanaian-prophet-retracts-claim-after-failed-christmas-apocalypse-prediction|website=The Express Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghana's 'Noah' offers space on his ark, later says end of world is postponed|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/ghanas-noah-offers-space-on-his-ark-later-says-end-of-world-is-postponed-3843210|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/ghanas-noah-offers-space-on-his-ark-later-says-end-of-world-is-postponed-3843210|website=Deccan Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ein prophecy make people react for different ways: some followers believe am den prepare well well, but plenty people wey watch de matter dey doubt am or dey laugh am. De story go viral for news outlets den social media platforms all over de world, den people argue about whether wetin he talk be true den de way e fi affect people mind den society.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Biblical covenant broken? Ghanaian man builds modern-day Noah's ark, warns of 2025 Christmas flood|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/biblical-covenant-broken-ghanaian-man-builds-modern-day-noahs-ark-warns-of-2025-christmas-flood/articleshow/125820156.cms|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dem postpone de prophecy den people vex==
Wen de flood wey he talk no happen for December 25, 2025, Ebo come talk say dem &quot;postpone&quot; de event after prayer den new instruction from God. He talk say God give humanity more time den say dem need more arks. He beg followers make dem no fear, den he continue make he dey talk say he dey act on new visions.
Sake of de prophecy fail, plenty people criticize am. Reports come out dey talk say Ebo use money wey followers donate — money wey dem talk say na for de ark project — make he buy luxury Mercedes-Benz wey dem value around $100,000. Dis one make people start dey ask questions den argue about ein money den wetin he dey plan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghana prophet who said the world is ending on 25 December 2025 through floods buys a Mercedes Benz using funds which were donated by church members to build an ark|url=https://theobserverzim.co.zw/2025/12/26/ghana-prophet-who-said-the-world-is-ending-on-25-december-2025-through-floods-buys-a-mercedes-benz-using-funds-which-were-donated-by-church-members-to-build-an-ark/|website=The Observer Zim|access-date=2025-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dem talk say some people wey lose hope react badly, den at least one follower burn ark sake of anger say de prophecy no happen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Marah Ramalan 'Kiamat' Meleset, Pengikut 'Nabi Nuh' asal Ghana Bakar Bahtera|url=https://malang.disway.id/malang-melintang/read/10890/marah-ramalan-kiamat-meleset-pengikut-nabi-nuh-asal-ghana-bakar-bahtera|website=Disway Malang|access-date=2025-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==How public den media take see am==
Media coverage about Ebo Enoch range from plain reporting about ein claims den wetin he dey do go critical talk wey dey call de prophecy fear-mongering or hoax. Dem don use ein story for discussions about misinformation, doomsday predictions, den de way viral religious content dey affect social media.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Viral Video Claims A 'Noah's Ark Of Doom' Is Being Built In Ghana Ahead Of A 3-Year Flood — Real Or AI Hoax?|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/who-noah-ghana-viral-ark-doom-video-predicting-3-year-flood-sparks-ai-hoax-debate-1748784|website=International Business Times Uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Human]]
[[Category:Ghanaians]]</text>
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    <title>Guanfacine</title>
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'''Guanfacine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Tenex''' (immediate-release) den '''Intuniv''' (extended-release) among odas, be an oral alpha-2a agonist medication dem use to treat [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD) den high blood pressure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DailyMed - INTUNIV- guanfacine tablet, extended release INTUNIV- guanfacine kit |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b972af81-3a37-40be-9fe1-3ddf59852528 |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guanfacine Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115071707/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-date=15 January 2018 |access-date=18 March 2019 |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]

&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==</text>
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'''Guanfacine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Tenex''' (immediate-release) den '''Intuniv''' (extended-release) among odas, be an oral alpha-2a agonist medication dem use to treat [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD) den high blood pressure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DailyMed - INTUNIV- guanfacine tablet, extended release INTUNIV- guanfacine kit |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b972af81-3a37-40be-9fe1-3ddf59852528 |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guanfacine Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115071707/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-date=15 January 2018 |access-date=18 March 2019 |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Common side effects dey include sleepiness, [[constipation]], den [[dry mouth]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; Oda side effects fi include [[low blood pressure]] den urinary problems.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 76 |date=2018 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |isbn=978-0-85711-338-2 |edition=76 |pages=349–350}}&lt;/ref&gt; E dey appear to work by activating [[alpha-2A adrenergic receptor|α&lt;sub&gt;2A&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenergic receptor]]s insyd de [[brain]], thereby decreasing [[sympathetic nervous system]] activity.&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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'''Guanfacine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Tenex''' (immediate-release) den '''Intuniv''' (extended-release) among odas, be an oral alpha-2a agonist medication dem use to treat [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD) den high blood pressure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DailyMed - INTUNIV- guanfacine tablet, extended release INTUNIV- guanfacine kit |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b972af81-3a37-40be-9fe1-3ddf59852528 |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guanfacine Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115071707/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-date=15 January 2018 |access-date=18 March 2019 |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Common side effects dey include sleepiness, [[constipation]], den [[dry mouth]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; Oda side effects fi include [[low blood pressure]] den urinary problems.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 76 |date=2018 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |isbn=978-0-85711-338-2 |edition=76 |pages=349–350}}&lt;/ref&gt; E dey appear to work by activating [[alpha-2A adrenergic receptor|α&lt;sub&gt;2A&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenergic receptor]]s insyd de [[brain]], thereby decreasing [[sympathetic nervous system]] activity.&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt;

Guanfacine first be described insyd 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;Turner19742&quot;&gt;Turner, A. S. (1974). BS 100-141 in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Seventh World Congr. of Cardiol., Abstr, 336.&lt;/ref&gt; wey na dem approve am for medical use insyd de United States insyd 1986.&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; E be available as a [[generic medication]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; Insyd 2023, na e be de 263rd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=17 August 2025 | archive-date=17 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817043812/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Guanfacine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Guanfacine | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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'''Guanfacine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Tenex''' (immediate-release) den '''Intuniv''' (extended-release) among odas, be an oral alpha-2a agonist medication dem use to treat [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD) den high blood pressure.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=DailyMed - INTUNIV- guanfacine tablet, extended release INTUNIV- guanfacine kit |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b972af81-3a37-40be-9fe1-3ddf59852528 |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guanfacine Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115071707/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-date=15 January 2018 |access-date=18 March 2019 |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Common side effects dey include sleepiness, [[constipation]], den [[dry mouth]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; Oda side effects fi include [[low blood pressure]] den urinary problems.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 76 |date=2018 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |isbn=978-0-85711-338-2 |edition=76 |pages=349–350}}&lt;/ref&gt; E dey appear to work by activating [[alpha-2A adrenergic receptor|α&lt;sub&gt;2A&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenergic receptor]]s insyd de [[brain]], thereby decreasing [[sympathetic nervous system]] activity.&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt;

Guanfacine first be described insyd 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;Turner19742&quot;&gt;Turner, A. S. (1974). BS 100-141 in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Seventh World Congr. of Cardiol., Abstr, 336.&lt;/ref&gt; wey na dem approve am for medical use insyd de United States insyd 1986.&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; E be available as a [[generic medication]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; Insyd 2023, na e be de 263rd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=17 August 2025 | archive-date=17 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817043812/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Guanfacine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Guanfacine | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Guanfacine be approved insyd de US for monotherapy treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; as well as e be used for [[Augmentation (pharmacology)|augmentation]] of [[Stimulant|stimulant medications]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Guanfacine sanso be used [[Off-label use|off-label]] to treat [[Tic disorder|tic disorders]], [[Anxiety disorder|anxiety disorders]], den [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD).&lt;ref name=&quot;b1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Kaplan &amp; Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry |vauthors=Boland RJ, Verduin ML, Sadock BJ |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-9751-6748-6 |veditors=Ruiz P |edition=5th |location=Philadelphia |pages=1811–1812 |oclc=1264172789}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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'''Guanfacine''', dem sell under de brand name '''Tenex''' (immediate-release) den '''Intuniv''' (extended-release) among odas, be an oral alpha-2a agonist medication dem use to treat [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD) den high blood pressure.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=DailyMed - INTUNIV- guanfacine tablet, extended release INTUNIV- guanfacine kit |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b972af81-3a37-40be-9fe1-3ddf59852528 |access-date=2026-10-05 |website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guanfacine Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115071707/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guanfacine.html |archive-date=15 January 2018 |access-date=18 March 2019 |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Common side effects dey include sleepiness, [[constipation]], den [[dry mouth]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; Oda side effects fi include [[low blood pressure]] den urinary problems.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=British national formulary: BNF 76 |date=2018 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |isbn=978-0-85711-338-2 |edition=76 |pages=349–350}}&lt;/ref&gt; E dey appear to work by activating [[alpha-2A adrenergic receptor|α&lt;sub&gt;2A&lt;/sub&gt;-adrenergic receptor]]s insyd de [[brain]], thereby decreasing [[sympathetic nervous system]] activity.&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt;

Guanfacine first be described insyd 1974&lt;ref name=&quot;Turner19742&quot;&gt;Turner, A. S. (1974). BS 100-141 in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Seventh World Congr. of Cardiol., Abstr, 336.&lt;/ref&gt; wey na dem approve am for medical use insyd de United States insyd 1986.&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; E be available as a [[generic medication]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2019/&gt; Insyd 2023, na e be de 263rd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=17 August 2025 | archive-date=17 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250817043812/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Guanfacine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Guanfacine | access-date = 17 August 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Guanfacine be approved insyd de US for monotherapy treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; as well as e be used for [[Augmentation (pharmacology)|augmentation]] of [[Stimulant|stimulant medications]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Guanfacine sanso be used [[Off-label use|off-label]] to treat [[Tic disorder|tic disorders]], [[Anxiety disorder|anxiety disorders]], den [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD).&lt;ref name=&quot;b1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Kaplan &amp; Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry |vauthors=Boland RJ, Verduin ML, Sadock BJ |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-9751-6748-6 |veditors=Ruiz P |edition=5th |location=Philadelphia |pages=1811–1812 |oclc=1264172789}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
[[Category:5-HT2B agonists]]
[[Category:Acylguanidines]]
[[Category:Alpha2-adrenergic agonists]]
[[Category:Antihypertensive agents]]
[[Category:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management]]
[[Category:Chloroarenes]]
[[Category:Drugs wey Takeda Pharmaceutical Company develop]]
[[Category:Experimental anxiolytics]]
[[Category:TAAR1 agonists]]
[[Category:Dichlorophenyl compounds]]
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh template</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
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    <revision>
      <id>114184</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T14:33:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114184</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:1936 establishments insyd South Africa</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30618</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114185</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T14:33:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114185</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Broadcasting insyd South Africa</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30619</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114186</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T14:33:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114186</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Jord42000</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>30620</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114188</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T14:42:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia */ new section</comment>
      <origin>114188</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="314" sha1="h5pvyf8c8hkh5vmw26nlx1k0x6tf8yn" xml:space="preserve">== Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia ==
Hello @[[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]]. Kindly note that this is Ghanaian Pidgin which is different from English. I realized you edited [[Dexamethasone]] and made 'corrections' so take note. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:42, 5 October 2026 (GMT)</text>
      <sha1>h5pvyf8c8hkh5vmw26nlx1k0x6tf8yn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>114229</id>
      <parentid>114188</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T16:53:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jord42000</username>
        <id>8136</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>114229</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="688" sha1="3c54n7ibha8dm374r7xidkueyx6v8s2" xml:space="preserve">== Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia ==
Hello @[[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]]. Kindly note that this is Ghanaian Pidgin which is different from English. I realized you edited [[Dexamethasone]] and made 'corrections' so take note. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:42, 5 October 2026 (GMT)

:@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] oh gosh, apologies. It was the first thing that came up when I googled a medication my child is on, I presumed the first article that came up would be English as usual so we're a little taken aback when I saw what I thought was gibberish. My apologies,. [[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]] ([[User talk:Jord42000|talk]]) 16:53, 5 October 2026 (GMT)</text>
      <sha1>3c54n7ibha8dm374r7xidkueyx6v8s2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>114233</id>
      <parentid>114229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T16:56:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>114233</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="856" sha1="734u14zgqrk2ysphj16v018sn5csjj6" xml:space="preserve">== Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia ==
Hello @[[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]]. Kindly note that this is Ghanaian Pidgin which is different from English. I realized you edited [[Dexamethasone]] and made 'corrections' so take note. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:42, 5 October 2026 (GMT)

:@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] oh gosh, apologies. It was the first thing that came up when I googled a medication my child is on, I presumed the first article that came up would be English as usual so we're a little taken aback when I saw what I thought was gibberish. My apologies,. [[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]] ([[User talk:Jord42000|talk]]) 16:53, 5 October 2026 (GMT)
::It's fine and thanks for understanding. We usually get these 'thoughts' alot. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:56, 5 October 2026 (GMT)</text>
      <sha1>734u14zgqrk2ysphj16v018sn5csjj6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>114236</id>
      <parentid>114233</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T17:02:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jord42000</username>
        <id>8136</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>114236</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1079" sha1="jrkds4fnpxrg7hhuxuzygl5p9ebe0lf" xml:space="preserve">== Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia ==
Hello @[[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]]. Kindly note that this is Ghanaian Pidgin which is different from English. I realized you edited [[Dexamethasone]] and made 'corrections' so take note. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:42, 5 October 2026 (GMT)

:@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] oh gosh, apologies. It was the first thing that came up when I googled a medication my child is on, I presumed the first article that came up would be English as usual so we're a little taken aback when I saw what I thought was gibberish. My apologies,. [[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]] ([[User talk:Jord42000|talk]]) 16:53, 5 October 2026 (GMT)
::It's fine and thanks for understanding. We usually get these 'thoughts' alot. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:56, 5 October 2026 (GMT)
:::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] just googled and listened to Ghanaian Pidgin, never heard anything like it before. Fantastic. Thanks! [[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]] ([[User talk:Jord42000|talk]]) 17:02, 5 October 2026 (GMT)</text>
      <sha1>jrkds4fnpxrg7hhuxuzygl5p9ebe0lf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>114238</id>
      <parentid>114236</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T17:13:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>114238</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1202" sha1="4ei0vav1d264vllrryzgpwufblqyr74" xml:space="preserve">== Ghanaian Pidgin Wikipedia ==
Hello @[[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]]. Kindly note that this is Ghanaian Pidgin which is different from English. I realized you edited [[Dexamethasone]] and made 'corrections' so take note. Thanks [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 14:42, 5 October 2026 (GMT)

:@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] oh gosh, apologies. It was the first thing that came up when I googled a medication my child is on, I presumed the first article that came up would be English as usual so we're a little taken aback when I saw what I thought was gibberish. My apologies,. [[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]] ([[User talk:Jord42000|talk]]) 16:53, 5 October 2026 (GMT)
::It's fine and thanks for understanding. We usually get these 'thoughts' alot. [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 16:56, 5 October 2026 (GMT)
:::@[[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] just googled and listened to Ghanaian Pidgin, never heard anything like it before. Fantastic. Thanks! [[User:Jord42000|Jord42000]] ([[User talk:Jord42000|talk]]) 17:02, 5 October 2026 (GMT)
::::Welcome and glad to be of help [[User:DaSupremo|DaSupremo]] ([[User talk:DaSupremo|talk]]) 17:13, 5 October 2026 (GMT)</text>
      <sha1>4ei0vav1d264vllrryzgpwufblqyr74</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Sister project auto</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>30621</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114190</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:01:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh template</comment>
      <origin>114190</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="147" sha1="fz1p8u3juxhzbynf4ytkdp5u06erytg" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Sister project links|auto=1}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:Sister project links/doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fz1p8u3juxhzbynf4ytkdp5u06erytg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Articles with English-language sources (en)</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30622</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114192</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:06:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114192</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30623</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114193</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:06:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114193</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:TikTok</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30624</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114194</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:07:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114194</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:2010s fads den trends</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30625</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114195</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:08:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114195</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:2016 establishments insyd China</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30626</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114196</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:09:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114196</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:2016 software</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30627</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114197</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:09:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114197</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:American corporate subsidiaries</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30628</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114198</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:21:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114198</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Android (operating system) software</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30629</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114199</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:24:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114199</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:ByteDance</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30630</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114200</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:25:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114200</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Chinese companies dem establish insyd 2016</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30631</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114201</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:31:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114201</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Chinese social networking websites</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30632</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114202</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:32:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114202</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Delisted applications</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30633</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114203</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:34:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114203</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Freeware</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30634</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114204</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:35:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114204</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:HarmonyOS software</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30635</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114205</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:36:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114205</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:IOS software</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30636</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114208</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:42:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114208</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Mobile applications</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30637</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114209</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:43:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114209</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Social media companies</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30638</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114211</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:44:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114211</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Social networking services</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30639</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114212</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:44:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114212</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Vertical video</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>30640</id>
    <revision>
      <id>114213</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T15:45:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaSupremo</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fresh category</comment>
      <origin>114213</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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    <title>Type 1 diabetes</title>
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[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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'''Type 1 diabetes''' ('''T1D'''), anaa '''type 1 diabetes mellitus''', be an [[autoimmune disease]] wey dey occur wen de body ein [[immune system]] destroys [[beta cell]]s insyd de [[pancreas]] wey produce de hormone [[insulin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 2016 |title=Diabetes Fact sheet N°312 |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826174444/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |archive-date=26 August 2013 |access-date=29 May 2017 |work=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insulin be used by de body to store den convert [[blood sugar]] into energy.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; T1D dey result in [[hyperglycemia|high blood sugar]] levels insyd de body prior to treatment secof de lack of insulin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 2014 |title=Causes of Diabetes |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes?dkrd=hiscr0005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810063435/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=31 July 2016 |website=NIDDK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Common symptoms dey include [[polyuria|frequent urination]] (polyuria), [[polydipsia|increased thirst]] (polydipsia), [[polyphagia|increased hunger]] (polyphagia), weight loss, den oda changes.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Torpy JM, Lynm C, Glass RM |title=JAMA patient page. Type 1 diabetes |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=12 |page=1472 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17895465 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.12.1472}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additional symptoms fi include [[blurry vision]], [[fatigue|tiredness]], den slow wound healing (owing to impaired blood flow).&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type&gt;{{cite web |title=Types of Diabetes |date=February 2014 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes?dkrd=hiscr0001 |access-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816162556/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; While sam cases take longer, symptoms usually dey appear within weeks to a few months.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=NIDDK Central Repository - Diabetes Prevention Trial of Type 1 Diabetes (DPT-1) |url=https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604213427/https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-date=4 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]

&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==</text>
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'''Type 1 diabetes''' ('''T1D'''), anaa '''type 1 diabetes mellitus''', be an [[autoimmune disease]] wey dey occur wen de body ein [[immune system]] destroys [[beta cell]]s insyd de [[pancreas]] wey produce de hormone [[insulin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 2016 |title=Diabetes Fact sheet N°312 |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826174444/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |archive-date=26 August 2013 |access-date=29 May 2017 |work=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insulin be used by de body to store den convert [[blood sugar]] into energy.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; T1D dey result in [[hyperglycemia|high blood sugar]] levels insyd de body prior to treatment secof de lack of insulin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 2014 |title=Causes of Diabetes |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes?dkrd=hiscr0005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810063435/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=31 July 2016 |website=NIDDK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Common symptoms dey include [[polyuria|frequent urination]] (polyuria), [[polydipsia|increased thirst]] (polydipsia), [[polyphagia|increased hunger]] (polyphagia), weight loss, den oda changes.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Torpy JM, Lynm C, Glass RM |title=JAMA patient page. Type 1 diabetes |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=12 |page=1472 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17895465 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.12.1472}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additional symptoms fi include [[blurry vision]], [[fatigue|tiredness]], den slow wound healing (owing to impaired blood flow).&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type&gt;{{cite web |title=Types of Diabetes |date=February 2014 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes?dkrd=hiscr0001 |access-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816162556/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; While sam cases take longer, symptoms usually dey appear within weeks to a few months.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=NIDDK Central Repository - Diabetes Prevention Trial of Type 1 Diabetes (DPT-1) |url=https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604213427/https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-date=4 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cause of type 1 diabetes no be completely understood,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; buh e be believed to involve an autoimmune attack wey a combination of genetic den environmental factors cause.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=2008 |author14=Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium |title=HLA DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes and type 1 diabetes risk: Analysis of the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium families |journal=Diabetes |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1084–1092 |vauthors=Erlich H, Valdes AM, Noble J, Carlson JA, Varney M, Concannon P, Mychaleckyj JC, Todd JA, Bonella P, Fear AL, Lavant E, Louey A, Moonsamy P |pmid=18252895 |doi=10.2337/db07-1331 |pmc=4103420}}&lt;/ref&gt; De underlying mechanism dey involve an [[autoimmune]] destruction of de insulin-producing beta cells insyd de pancreas.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; [[Diabetes]] be diagnosed by testing de level of sugar anaa [[glycated hemoglobin]] (HbA1C) insyd de blood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Chiang JL, Kirkman MS, Laffel LM, Peters AL |date=July 2014 |title=Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=2034–2054 |doi=10.2337/dc14-1140 |pmc=5865481 |pmid=24935775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2015Diag&gt;{{cite web |title=Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes |date=May 2015 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185123/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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'''Type 1 diabetes''' ('''T1D'''), anaa '''type 1 diabetes mellitus''', be an [[autoimmune disease]] wey dey occur wen de body ein [[immune system]] destroys [[beta cell]]s insyd de [[pancreas]] wey produce de hormone [[insulin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 2016 |title=Diabetes Fact sheet N°312 |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826174444/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |archive-date=26 August 2013 |access-date=29 May 2017 |work=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insulin be used by de body to store den convert [[blood sugar]] into energy.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; T1D dey result in [[hyperglycemia|high blood sugar]] levels insyd de body prior to treatment secof de lack of insulin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 2014 |title=Causes of Diabetes |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes?dkrd=hiscr0005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810063435/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=31 July 2016 |website=NIDDK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Common symptoms dey include [[polyuria|frequent urination]] (polyuria), [[polydipsia|increased thirst]] (polydipsia), [[polyphagia|increased hunger]] (polyphagia), weight loss, den oda changes.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Torpy JM, Lynm C, Glass RM |title=JAMA patient page. Type 1 diabetes |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=12 |page=1472 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17895465 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.12.1472}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additional symptoms fi include [[blurry vision]], [[fatigue|tiredness]], den slow wound healing (owing to impaired blood flow).&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type&gt;{{cite web |title=Types of Diabetes |date=February 2014 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes?dkrd=hiscr0001 |access-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816162556/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; While sam cases take longer, symptoms usually dey appear within weeks to a few months.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=NIDDK Central Repository - Diabetes Prevention Trial of Type 1 Diabetes (DPT-1) |url=https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604213427/https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-date=4 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cause of type 1 diabetes no be completely understood,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; buh e be believed to involve an autoimmune attack wey a combination of genetic den environmental factors cause.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=2008 |author14=Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium |title=HLA DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes and type 1 diabetes risk: Analysis of the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium families |journal=Diabetes |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1084–1092 |vauthors=Erlich H, Valdes AM, Noble J, Carlson JA, Varney M, Concannon P, Mychaleckyj JC, Todd JA, Bonella P, Fear AL, Lavant E, Louey A, Moonsamy P |pmid=18252895 |doi=10.2337/db07-1331 |pmc=4103420}}&lt;/ref&gt; De underlying mechanism dey involve an [[autoimmune]] destruction of de insulin-producing beta cells insyd de pancreas.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; [[Diabetes]] be diagnosed by testing de level of sugar anaa [[glycated hemoglobin]] (HbA1C) insyd de blood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Chiang JL, Kirkman MS, Laffel LM, Peters AL |date=July 2014 |title=Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=2034–2054 |doi=10.2337/dc14-1140 |pmc=5865481 |pmid=24935775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2015Diag&gt;{{cite web |title=Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes |date=May 2015 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185123/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Type 1 diabetes fi be distinguished from [[type 2 diabetes|type 2]] by testing for de presence of [[autoantibody|autoantibodies]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt; den/anaa declining levels/absence of [[C-peptide]]. C-peptide be a product cleaved from proinsulin insyd de production of insulin. Insyd type 1 diabetes ein levels be low anaa absent. Insyd type 2 diabetes de blood levels be high, as insulin production be high secof insulin resistance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding C-Peptide in Type 1 Diabetes |url=https://www.rainier-research.com/blog/understanding-c-peptide-in-type-1-diabetes |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Rainier Clinical Research Center |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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'''Type 1 diabetes''' ('''T1D'''), anaa '''type 1 diabetes mellitus''', be an [[autoimmune disease]] wey dey occur wen de body ein [[immune system]] destroys [[beta cell]]s insyd de [[pancreas]] wey produce de hormone [[insulin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 2016 |title=Diabetes Fact sheet N°312 |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826174444/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |archive-date=26 August 2013 |access-date=29 May 2017 |work=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insulin be used by de body to store den convert [[blood sugar]] into energy.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; T1D dey result in [[hyperglycemia|high blood sugar]] levels insyd de body prior to treatment secof de lack of insulin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 2014 |title=Causes of Diabetes |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes?dkrd=hiscr0005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810063435/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=31 July 2016 |website=NIDDK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Common symptoms dey include [[polyuria|frequent urination]] (polyuria), [[polydipsia|increased thirst]] (polydipsia), [[polyphagia|increased hunger]] (polyphagia), weight loss, den oda changes.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Torpy JM, Lynm C, Glass RM |title=JAMA patient page. Type 1 diabetes |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=12 |page=1472 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17895465 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.12.1472}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additional symptoms fi include [[blurry vision]], [[fatigue|tiredness]], den slow wound healing (owing to impaired blood flow).&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type&gt;{{cite web |title=Types of Diabetes |date=February 2014 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes?dkrd=hiscr0001 |access-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816162556/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; While sam cases take longer, symptoms usually dey appear within weeks to a few months.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=NIDDK Central Repository - Diabetes Prevention Trial of Type 1 Diabetes (DPT-1) |url=https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604213427/https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-date=4 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cause of type 1 diabetes no be completely understood,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; buh e be believed to involve an autoimmune attack wey a combination of genetic den environmental factors cause.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=2008 |author14=Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium |title=HLA DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes and type 1 diabetes risk: Analysis of the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium families |journal=Diabetes |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1084–1092 |vauthors=Erlich H, Valdes AM, Noble J, Carlson JA, Varney M, Concannon P, Mychaleckyj JC, Todd JA, Bonella P, Fear AL, Lavant E, Louey A, Moonsamy P |pmid=18252895 |doi=10.2337/db07-1331 |pmc=4103420}}&lt;/ref&gt; De underlying mechanism dey involve an [[autoimmune]] destruction of de insulin-producing beta cells insyd de pancreas.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; [[Diabetes]] be diagnosed by testing de level of sugar anaa [[glycated hemoglobin]] (HbA1C) insyd de blood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Chiang JL, Kirkman MS, Laffel LM, Peters AL |date=July 2014 |title=Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=2034–2054 |doi=10.2337/dc14-1140 |pmc=5865481 |pmid=24935775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2015Diag&gt;{{cite web |title=Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes |date=May 2015 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185123/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Type 1 diabetes fi be distinguished from [[type 2 diabetes|type 2]] by testing for de presence of [[autoantibody|autoantibodies]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt; den/anaa declining levels/absence of [[C-peptide]]. C-peptide be a product cleaved from proinsulin insyd de production of insulin. Insyd type 1 diabetes ein levels be low anaa absent. Insyd type 2 diabetes de blood levels be high, as insulin production be high secof insulin resistance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding C-Peptide in Type 1 Diabetes |url=https://www.rainier-research.com/blog/understanding-c-peptide-in-type-1-diabetes |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Rainier Clinical Research Center |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Der currently no be known way to prevent type 1 diabetes.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; Treatment plus [[Insulin (medication)|insulin]] be required for survival.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt; [[Insulin therapy]] fi be injection under de skin multiple times a day, anaa fi be delivered continuously as a basal amount plus boluses for high blood sugar anaa before meals using an [[insulin pump]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alternative Devices for Taking Insulin |date=July 2016 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816170132/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; A [[diabetic diet]], exercise, den lifestyle modifications be considered cornerstones of management.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; If dem lef am untreated, type 1 diabetes dey result in death. Type 1 diabetes fi cause chaw complications if blood sugar control no be very well controlled.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; Complications of relatively rapid onset dey include [[diabetic ketoacidosis]] den [[nonketotic hyperosmolar coma]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt; Long-term complications dey include [[cardiovascular disease|heart disease]], stroke, [[chronic renal failure|kidney failure]] (Diabetic Nephropathy), [[diabetic foot ulcer|foot ulcers]], den [[diabetic retinopathy|damage to de eyes (diabetic retinopathy)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; As insulin dey lower blood sugar levels, complications fi arise from [[hypoglycemia|low blood sugar]] if dem take more insulin dan necessary.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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'''Type 1 diabetes''' ('''T1D'''), anaa '''type 1 diabetes mellitus''', be an [[autoimmune disease]] wey dey occur wen de body ein [[immune system]] destroys [[beta cell]]s insyd de [[pancreas]] wey produce de hormone [[insulin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 2016 |title=Diabetes Fact sheet N°312 |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826174444/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |archive-date=26 August 2013 |access-date=29 May 2017 |work=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insulin be used by de body to store den convert [[blood sugar]] into energy.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; T1D dey result in [[hyperglycemia|high blood sugar]] levels insyd de body prior to treatment secof de lack of insulin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 2014 |title=Causes of Diabetes |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes?dkrd=hiscr0005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810063435/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=31 July 2016 |website=NIDDK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Common symptoms dey include [[polyuria|frequent urination]] (polyuria), [[polydipsia|increased thirst]] (polydipsia), [[polyphagia|increased hunger]] (polyphagia), weight loss, den oda changes.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Torpy JM, Lynm C, Glass RM |title=JAMA patient page. Type 1 diabetes |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=12 |page=1472 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17895465 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.12.1472}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additional symptoms fi include [[blurry vision]], [[fatigue|tiredness]], den slow wound healing (owing to impaired blood flow).&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type&gt;{{cite web |title=Types of Diabetes |date=February 2014 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes?dkrd=hiscr0001 |access-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816162556/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; While sam cases take longer, symptoms usually dey appear within weeks to a few months.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=NIDDK Central Repository - Diabetes Prevention Trial of Type 1 Diabetes (DPT-1) |url=https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604213427/https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-date=4 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cause of type 1 diabetes no be completely understood,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; buh e be believed to involve an autoimmune attack wey a combination of genetic den environmental factors cause.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=2008 |author14=Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium |title=HLA DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes and type 1 diabetes risk: Analysis of the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium families |journal=Diabetes |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1084–1092 |vauthors=Erlich H, Valdes AM, Noble J, Carlson JA, Varney M, Concannon P, Mychaleckyj JC, Todd JA, Bonella P, Fear AL, Lavant E, Louey A, Moonsamy P |pmid=18252895 |doi=10.2337/db07-1331 |pmc=4103420}}&lt;/ref&gt; De underlying mechanism dey involve an [[autoimmune]] destruction of de insulin-producing beta cells insyd de pancreas.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; [[Diabetes]] be diagnosed by testing de level of sugar anaa [[glycated hemoglobin]] (HbA1C) insyd de blood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Chiang JL, Kirkman MS, Laffel LM, Peters AL |date=July 2014 |title=Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=2034–2054 |doi=10.2337/dc14-1140 |pmc=5865481 |pmid=24935775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2015Diag&gt;{{cite web |title=Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes |date=May 2015 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185123/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Type 1 diabetes fi be distinguished from [[type 2 diabetes|type 2]] by testing for de presence of [[autoantibody|autoantibodies]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt; den/anaa declining levels/absence of [[C-peptide]]. C-peptide be a product cleaved from proinsulin insyd de production of insulin. Insyd type 1 diabetes ein levels be low anaa absent. Insyd type 2 diabetes de blood levels be high, as insulin production be high secof insulin resistance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding C-Peptide in Type 1 Diabetes |url=https://www.rainier-research.com/blog/understanding-c-peptide-in-type-1-diabetes |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Rainier Clinical Research Center |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Der currently no be known way to prevent type 1 diabetes.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; Treatment plus [[Insulin (medication)|insulin]] be required for survival.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt; [[Insulin therapy]] fi be injection under de skin multiple times a day, anaa fi be delivered continuously as a basal amount plus boluses for high blood sugar anaa before meals using an [[insulin pump]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alternative Devices for Taking Insulin |date=July 2016 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816170132/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; A [[diabetic diet]], exercise, den lifestyle modifications be considered cornerstones of management.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; If dem lef am untreated, type 1 diabetes dey result in death. Type 1 diabetes fi cause chaw complications if blood sugar control no be very well controlled.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; Complications of relatively rapid onset dey include [[diabetic ketoacidosis]] den [[nonketotic hyperosmolar coma]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt; Long-term complications dey include [[cardiovascular disease|heart disease]], stroke, [[chronic renal failure|kidney failure]] (Diabetic Nephropathy), [[diabetic foot ulcer|foot ulcers]], den [[diabetic retinopathy|damage to de eyes (diabetic retinopathy)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; As insulin dey lower blood sugar levels, complications fi arise from [[hypoglycemia|low blood sugar]] if dem take more insulin dan necessary.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt;

Type&amp;nbsp;1 diabetes dey make up an estimated 5–10% of all diabetes cases.&lt;ref name=Lancet06&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Daneman D |title=Type 1 diabetes |journal=Lancet |volume=367 |issue=9513 |pages=847–858 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16530579 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68341-4 |s2cid=21485081}}&lt;/ref&gt; De number of people affected globally be unknown, although e be estimated say about 80,000 kiddies develop de disease each year.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt; Within de United States de number of people affected be estimated to be one to three million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fast Facts Data and Statistics about Diabetes |publisher=American Diabetes Association |url=http://professional.diabetes.org/ResourcesForProfessionals.aspx?cid=91777 |access-date=25 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216001425/http://professional.diabetes.org/ResourcesForProfessionals.aspx?cid=91777 |archive-date=16 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rates of disease dey vary widely, plus approximately one new case per 100,000 per year insyd East Asia den Latin America den around 30 new cases per 100,000 per year insyd [[Scandinavia]] den [[Kuwait]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Global report on diabetes |date=2016 |publisher=World Health Organization |isbn=978-92-4-156525-7 |pages=26–27 |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1 |access-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007002653/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1 |archive-date=7 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |vauthors=Skyler J |title=Atlas of diabetes |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4614-1028-7 |pages=67–68 |edition=4th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5n-RhyGrrpcC&amp;pg=PA68 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908155611/https://books.google.com/books?id=5n-RhyGrrpcC&amp;pg=PA68 |archive-date=8 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; E typically dey begin insyd kiddies den young adults buh fi begin at any age.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Fang |first1=Michael |last2=Wang |first2=Dan |last3=Echouffo-Tcheugui |first3=Justin B |last4=Selvin |first4=Elizabeth |date=2023 |title=Age at Diagnosis in U.S. Adults With Type 1 Diabetes |journal=Ann Intern Med |volume=176 |issue=11 |pages=1567–1568 |doi=10.7326/M23-1707 |pmc=10841362 |pmid=37748184}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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'''Type 1 diabetes''' ('''T1D'''), anaa '''type 1 diabetes mellitus''', be an [[autoimmune disease]] wey dey occur wen de body ein [[immune system]] destroys [[beta cell]]s insyd de [[pancreas]] wey produce de hormone [[insulin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 2016 |title=Diabetes Fact sheet N°312 |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826174444/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ |archive-date=26 August 2013 |access-date=29 May 2017 |work=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insulin be used by de body to store den convert [[blood sugar]] into energy.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; T1D dey result in [[hyperglycemia|high blood sugar]] levels insyd de body prior to treatment secof de lack of insulin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=August 2014 |title=Causes of Diabetes |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes?dkrd=hiscr0005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810063435/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=31 July 2016 |website=NIDDK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Common symptoms dey include [[polyuria|frequent urination]] (polyuria), [[polydipsia|increased thirst]] (polydipsia), [[polyphagia|increased hunger]] (polyphagia), weight loss, den oda changes.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Torpy JM, Lynm C, Glass RM |title=JAMA patient page. Type 1 diabetes |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=12 |page=1472 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17895465 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.12.1472}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additional symptoms fi include [[blurry vision]], [[fatigue|tiredness]], den slow wound healing (owing to impaired blood flow).&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type&gt;{{cite web |title=Types of Diabetes |date=February 2014 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes?dkrd=hiscr0001 |access-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816162556/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; While sam cases take longer, symptoms usually dey appear within weeks to a few months.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=NIDDK Central Repository - Diabetes Prevention Trial of Type 1 Diabetes (DPT-1) |url=https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604213427/https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/dpt-1/#:~:text=The%20Diabetes%20Prevention%20Trial%E2%80%94Type,relatives%20of%20patients%20with%20diabetes |archive-date=4 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cause of type 1 diabetes no be completely understood,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; buh e be believed to involve an autoimmune attack wey a combination of genetic den environmental factors cause.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=2008 |author14=Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium |title=HLA DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes and type 1 diabetes risk: Analysis of the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium families |journal=Diabetes |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1084–1092 |vauthors=Erlich H, Valdes AM, Noble J, Carlson JA, Varney M, Concannon P, Mychaleckyj JC, Todd JA, Bonella P, Fear AL, Lavant E, Louey A, Moonsamy P |pmid=18252895 |doi=10.2337/db07-1331 |pmc=4103420}}&lt;/ref&gt; De underlying mechanism dey involve an [[autoimmune]] destruction of de insulin-producing beta cells insyd de pancreas.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; [[Diabetes]] be diagnosed by testing de level of sugar anaa [[glycated hemoglobin]] (HbA1C) insyd de blood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Chiang JL, Kirkman MS, Laffel LM, Peters AL |date=July 2014 |title=Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=2034–2054 |doi=10.2337/dc14-1140 |pmc=5865481 |pmid=24935775}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2015Diag&gt;{{cite web |title=Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes |date=May 2015 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185123/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Type 1 diabetes fi be distinguished from [[type 2 diabetes|type 2]] by testing for de presence of [[autoantibody|autoantibodies]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt; den/anaa declining levels/absence of [[C-peptide]]. C-peptide be a product cleaved from proinsulin insyd de production of insulin. Insyd type 1 diabetes ein levels be low anaa absent. Insyd type 2 diabetes de blood levels be high, as insulin production be high secof insulin resistance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding C-Peptide in Type 1 Diabetes |url=https://www.rainier-research.com/blog/understanding-c-peptide-in-type-1-diabetes |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Rainier Clinical Research Center |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Der currently no be known way to prevent type 1 diabetes.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; Treatment plus [[Insulin (medication)|insulin]] be required for survival.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt; [[Insulin therapy]] fi be injection under de skin multiple times a day, anaa fi be delivered continuously as a basal amount plus boluses for high blood sugar anaa before meals using an [[insulin pump]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alternative Devices for Taking Insulin |date=July 2016 |website=NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin |access-date=31 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816170132/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin |archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; A [[diabetic diet]], exercise, den lifestyle modifications be considered cornerstones of management.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt; If dem lef am untreated, type 1 diabetes dey result in death. Type 1 diabetes fi cause chaw complications if blood sugar control no be very well controlled.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; Complications of relatively rapid onset dey include [[diabetic ketoacidosis]] den [[nonketotic hyperosmolar coma]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt; Long-term complications dey include [[cardiovascular disease|heart disease]], stroke, [[chronic renal failure|kidney failure]] (Diabetic Nephropathy), [[diabetic foot ulcer|foot ulcers]], den [[diabetic retinopathy|damage to de eyes (diabetic retinopathy)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO20162&quot; /&gt; As insulin dey lower blood sugar levels, complications fi arise from [[hypoglycemia|low blood sugar]] if dem take more insulin dan necessary.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt;

Type&amp;nbsp;1 diabetes dey make up an estimated 5–10% of all diabetes cases.&lt;ref name=Lancet06&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Daneman D |title=Type 1 diabetes |journal=Lancet |volume=367 |issue=9513 |pages=847–858 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16530579 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68341-4 |s2cid=21485081}}&lt;/ref&gt; De number of people affected globally be unknown, although e be estimated say about 80,000 kiddies develop de disease each year.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt; Within de United States de number of people affected be estimated to be one to three million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change20142&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fast Facts Data and Statistics about Diabetes |publisher=American Diabetes Association |url=http://professional.diabetes.org/ResourcesForProfessionals.aspx?cid=91777 |access-date=25 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216001425/http://professional.diabetes.org/ResourcesForProfessionals.aspx?cid=91777 |archive-date=16 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rates of disease dey vary widely, plus approximately one new case per 100,000 per year insyd East Asia den Latin America den around 30 new cases per 100,000 per year insyd [[Scandinavia]] den [[Kuwait]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Global report on diabetes |date=2016 |publisher=World Health Organization |isbn=978-92-4-156525-7 |pages=26–27 |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1 |access-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007002653/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1 |archive-date=7 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |vauthors=Skyler J |title=Atlas of diabetes |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4614-1028-7 |pages=67–68 |edition=4th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5n-RhyGrrpcC&amp;pg=PA68 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908155611/https://books.google.com/books?id=5n-RhyGrrpcC&amp;pg=PA68 |archive-date=8 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; E typically dey begin insyd kiddies den young adults buh fi begin at any age.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Fang |first1=Michael |last2=Wang |first2=Dan |last3=Echouffo-Tcheugui |first3=Justin B |last4=Selvin |first4=Elizabeth |date=2023 |title=Age at Diagnosis in U.S. Adults With Type 1 Diabetes |journal=Ann Intern Med |volume=176 |issue=11 |pages=1567–1568 |doi=10.7326/M23-1707 |pmc=10841362 |pmid=37748184}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q124407|c=Category:Diabetes mellitus type 1 
|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/diabetes-in-america-2nd-edition Diabetes in America, 2nd Edition] (textbook) (PDFs) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425052512/http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/america/contents.htm |date=25 April 2011}} – National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
* [https://diabetesatlas.org/ IDF Diabetes Atlas]
* [http://www.diabetes.org/type-1-diabetes.jsp Type&amp;nbsp;1 Diabetes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030082136/https://www.diabetes.org/type-1-diabetes.jsp |date=30 October 2009}} at the [[American Diabetes Association]]
* [https://diabetesjournals.org/care/issue/42/Supplement_1 ADA's Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2019]
{{Hypersensitivity disease by cause}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diabetes Mellitus Type 1}}
[[Category:Type 1 diabetes| ]]
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'''Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome''' ('''WKS'''), dem colloquially refer to as '''wet brain syndrome''', be de combined presence of [[Wernicke encephalopathy]] (WE) den [[Korsakoff syndrome]]. Secof de close relationship between dese two disorders, people plus either usually be diagnosed plus WKS as a single syndrome. E mainly dey cause vision changes, [[ataxia]] den impaired memory.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medline771&quot;&gt;{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|000771|Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]
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'''Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome''' ('''WKS'''), dem colloquially refer to as '''wet brain syndrome''', be de combined presence of [[Wernicke encephalopathy]] (WE) den [[Korsakoff syndrome]]. Secof de close relationship between dese two disorders, people plus either usually be diagnosed plus WKS as a single syndrome. E mainly dey cause vision changes, [[ataxia]] den impaired memory.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medline771&quot;&gt;{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|000771|Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cause of de disorder be [[thiamine deficiency|thiamine (vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) deficiency]]. Dis fi occur secof [[eating disorder]]s, [[malnutrition]], den [[alcohol abuse]]. Dese disorders fi manifest togeda anaa separately. WKS usually be secondary to prolonged alcohol abuse.
== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==
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'''Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome''' ('''WKS'''), dem colloquially refer to as '''wet brain syndrome''', be de combined presence of [[Wernicke encephalopathy]] (WE) den [[Korsakoff syndrome]]. Secof de close relationship between dese two disorders, people plus either usually be diagnosed plus WKS as a single syndrome. E mainly dey cause vision changes, [[ataxia]] den impaired memory.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medline771&quot;&gt;{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|000771|Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cause of de disorder be [[thiamine deficiency|thiamine (vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) deficiency]]. Dis fi occur secof [[eating disorder]]s, [[malnutrition]], den [[alcohol abuse]]. Dese disorders fi manifest togeda anaa separately. WKS usually be secondary to prolonged alcohol abuse.

Wernicke encephalopathy den WKS be most commonly seen insyd people plus an [[alcohol use disorder]]. Failure insyd diagnosis of WE den thus treatment of de disease dey lead to death insyd approximately 20% of cases, while 75% be left plus permanent [[brain damage]] associated plus WKS.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomson-2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Thomson |first1=Allan D. |last2=Marshall |first2=E. Jane |year=2006 |title=The natural history and pathophysiology of Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Korsakoff's Psychosis |journal=Alcohol and Alcoholism |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=151–8 |doi=10.1093/alcalc/agh249 |pmid=16384871}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those affected, 25% dey require long-term institutionalization in order to receive effective care.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomson-2006&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dam-20202&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Dam |first1=Mirjam Johanna |last2=Meijel |first2=Berno |last3=Postma |first3=Albert |last4=Oudman |first4=Erik |date=January 15, 2020 |title=Health problems and care needs in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome: A systematic review |journal=Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing |language=en |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=460–481 |doi=10.1111/jpm.12587 |issn=1351-0126 |pmid=31876326 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
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'''Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome''' ('''WKS'''), dem colloquially refer to as '''wet brain syndrome''', be de combined presence of [[Wernicke encephalopathy]] (WE) den [[Korsakoff syndrome]]. Secof de close relationship between dese two disorders, people plus either usually be diagnosed plus WKS as a single syndrome. E mainly dey cause vision changes, [[ataxia]] den impaired memory.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medline771&quot;&gt;{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|000771|Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cause of de disorder be [[thiamine deficiency|thiamine (vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) deficiency]]. Dis fi occur secof [[eating disorder]]s, [[malnutrition]], den [[alcohol abuse]]. Dese disorders fi manifest togeda anaa separately. WKS usually be secondary to prolonged alcohol abuse.

Wernicke encephalopathy den WKS be most commonly seen insyd people plus an [[alcohol use disorder]]. Failure insyd diagnosis of WE den thus treatment of de disease dey lead to death insyd approximately 20% of cases, while 75% be left plus permanent [[brain damage]] associated plus WKS.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomson-2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Thomson |first1=Allan D. |last2=Marshall |first2=E. Jane |year=2006 |title=The natural history and pathophysiology of Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Korsakoff's Psychosis |journal=Alcohol and Alcoholism |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=151–8 |doi=10.1093/alcalc/agh249 |pmid=16384871}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those affected, 25% dey require long-term institutionalization in order to receive effective care.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomson-2006&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dam-20202&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Dam |first1=Mirjam Johanna |last2=Meijel |first2=Berno |last3=Postma |first3=Albert |last4=Oudman |first4=Erik |date=January 15, 2020 |title=Health problems and care needs in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome: A systematic review |journal=Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing |language=en |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=460–481 |doi=10.1111/jpm.12587 |issn=1351-0126 |pmid=31876326 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome}}
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'''Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome''' ('''WKS'''), dem colloquially refer to as '''wet brain syndrome''', be de combined presence of [[Wernicke encephalopathy]] (WE) den [[Korsakoff syndrome]]. Secof de close relationship between dese two disorders, people plus either usually be diagnosed plus WKS as a single syndrome. E mainly dey cause vision changes, [[ataxia]] den impaired memory.&lt;ref name=&quot;Medline771&quot;&gt;{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|000771|Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De cause of de disorder be [[thiamine deficiency|thiamine (vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) deficiency]]. Dis fi occur secof [[eating disorder]]s, [[malnutrition]], den [[alcohol abuse]]. Dese disorders fi manifest togeda anaa separately. WKS usually be secondary to prolonged alcohol abuse.

Wernicke encephalopathy den WKS be most commonly seen insyd people plus an [[alcohol use disorder]]. Failure insyd diagnosis of WE den thus treatment of de disease dey lead to death insyd approximately 20% of cases, while 75% be left plus permanent [[brain damage]] associated plus WKS.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomson-2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Thomson |first1=Allan D. |last2=Marshall |first2=E. Jane |year=2006 |title=The natural history and pathophysiology of Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Korsakoff's Psychosis |journal=Alcohol and Alcoholism |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=151–8 |doi=10.1093/alcalc/agh249 |pmid=16384871}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those affected, 25% dey require long-term institutionalization in order to receive effective care.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomson-2006&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dam-20202&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Dam |first1=Mirjam Johanna |last2=Meijel |first2=Berno |last3=Postma |first3=Albert |last4=Oudman |first4=Erik |date=January 15, 2020 |title=Health problems and care needs in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome: A systematic review |journal=Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing |language=en |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=460–481 |doi=10.1111/jpm.12587 |issn=1351-0126 |pmid=31876326 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome}}
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