Wikipedia gvwiki https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-ghuillag MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Meanyn Er lheh Resooney Ymmydeyr Resooney ymmydeyr Wikipedia Resooney Wikipedia Coadan Resooney coadan MediaWiki Resooney MediaWiki Clowan Resooney clowan Cooney Resooney cooney Ronney Resooney ronney TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 979 380266 379167 2026-05-27T01:50:27Z MacTire02 219 ++ 380266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Reeriaght Unnaneysit |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil |jalloo_caslys = Europe-UK_(orthographic_projection).svg |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[God Save the King]]"{{Efn|She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjin-chliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark.}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg]]}} |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]]{{Efn|Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah.}} |preeu-valley = [[Lunnin]] |latd=51 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=07 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monark y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 244,820 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 94,526 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 79oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |pobble_ooley = 60,975,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |access-date=2008-08-31 |archive-date=2005-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028130741/http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 22h |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = 2001 |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 246 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 637 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 48oo |blein_possanyn_kynneeagh = 2001 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |LTS_ennymagh = $2.772 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 5oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2007 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $45,845 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 9oo |blein_ALD = 2005 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.946 |rhenk_ALD = 16oo |ronney_ALD = <font color="#009900">ard</font> |Gini = 34<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rang-oardraghey Gini]</ref> |blein_Gini = 2005 |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |quaiyl = [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit as Nerin Hwoaie|Ard-whaiyl]] |quaiyl_syrjey = [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] |quaiyl_s'inshley = [[Quaiyl s'inshley yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Quaiyl Hostyn]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |fo-noteyn = }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle]]: ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'') ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | accessdaymonth=25 Mean Fouyir|accessyear = 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |accessdaymonth=13 Mean Souree|accessyear=2007|quote=Countries within a country|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|accessdaymonth = 29 Boaldyn|accessyear = 2006|publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005|accessdate = 2008-11-14|archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archivedate=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jeeveanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght]] as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| accessdaymonth = 26 Mean Souree| accessyear = 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| accessdate = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[thallooyn har mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | accessdaymonth=26 Mean Souree|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archivedate=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihill. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny ben hoshee er dagh ream co-unnaneysagh. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va yabanagada [[Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome|publisher=www.parliament.uk|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdaymonth=27 Luanistyn |accessyear=2008 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretin]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707|publisher=www.parliament.uk |accessdaymonth=19 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh çheet [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar liorish çheet [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|isbn=1855343800|last=Ross|first=David|date=2002|quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes [[James I of England]] in the [[Union of the Crowns]], and leaves Edinburgh for London|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=1902930169|last=Hearn|first=Jonathan|date=2002|quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Seyr Steat Nerin|Heyr Steat Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=14 November 2008 |archive-date=14 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah ny Bretyn Mooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natsee.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], kied ghreasane creeley eddyr-ashoonagh y theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|acessyear=2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree, 2002|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=4 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|accessdaymonth=15 Toshiaght Arree|accessyear=2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Sauin 2005|accessdaymonth=15 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|accessdaymonth=20 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilometeryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilometeryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilometeryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilometeryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |accessedaymonth=16 Jerrey Souree |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |accessedaymonth=26 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdaymonth=22 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-16 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=11 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 August 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|accessdaymonth = 25 Luanistyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=28 Luanistyn|accessyear= 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilometer kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth = 20 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |author=Alan Travis, home affairs editor |accessdaymonth=15 Jerey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Sauin 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072321/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081021051705/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour%27s+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth = 22 November|accessyear=2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222353/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants> {{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630185133/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Sauin, 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120530050454/www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|dater=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=[[2005-02-28]] |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=''Times Higher Education''|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064525/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|author = Rod Eddington |year = 2006|month = Nollick|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/|publisher = UK Treasury|archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilometeryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilometeryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilometeryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilometeryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{G8}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] n4n6yi1lvosv617y4latev31u5gme1g 380267 380266 2026-05-27T01:50:46Z MacTire02 219 Protected "[[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]": Excessive vandalism ([Reagh=Lhig da ymmydeyryn hene-hickyrit ny lomarcan] (indefinite) [Scugh=Lhig da ymmydeyryn hene-hickyrit ny lomarcan] (indefinite)) 380266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Reeriaght Unnaneysit |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil |jalloo_caslys = Europe-UK_(orthographic_projection).svg |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[God Save the King]]"{{Efn|She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjin-chliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark.}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg]]}} |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]]{{Efn|Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah.}} |preeu-valley = [[Lunnin]] |latd=51 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=07 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monark y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 244,820 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 94,526 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 79oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |pobble_ooley = 60,975,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |access-date=2008-08-31 |archive-date=2005-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028130741/http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 22h |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = 2001 |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 246 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 637 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 48oo |blein_possanyn_kynneeagh = 2001 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |LTS_ennymagh = $2.772 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 5oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2007 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $45,845 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 9oo |blein_ALD = 2005 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.946 |rhenk_ALD = 16oo |ronney_ALD = <font color="#009900">ard</font> |Gini = 34<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rang-oardraghey Gini]</ref> |blein_Gini = 2005 |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |quaiyl = [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit as Nerin Hwoaie|Ard-whaiyl]] |quaiyl_syrjey = [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] |quaiyl_s'inshley = [[Quaiyl s'inshley yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Quaiyl Hostyn]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |fo-noteyn = }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle]]: ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'') ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | accessdaymonth=25 Mean Fouyir|accessyear = 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |accessdaymonth=13 Mean Souree|accessyear=2007|quote=Countries within a country|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|accessdaymonth = 29 Boaldyn|accessyear = 2006|publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005|accessdate = 2008-11-14|archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archivedate=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jeeveanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght]] as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| accessdaymonth = 26 Mean Souree| accessyear = 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| accessdate = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[thallooyn har mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | accessdaymonth=26 Mean Souree|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archivedate=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihill. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny ben hoshee er dagh ream co-unnaneysagh. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va yabanagada [[Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome|publisher=www.parliament.uk|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdaymonth=27 Luanistyn |accessyear=2008 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretin]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707|publisher=www.parliament.uk |accessdaymonth=19 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh çheet [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar liorish çheet [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|isbn=1855343800|last=Ross|first=David|date=2002|quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes [[James I of England]] in the [[Union of the Crowns]], and leaves Edinburgh for London|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=1902930169|last=Hearn|first=Jonathan|date=2002|quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Seyr Steat Nerin|Heyr Steat Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=14 November 2008 |archive-date=14 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah ny Bretyn Mooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natsee.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], kied ghreasane creeley eddyr-ashoonagh y theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|acessyear=2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree, 2002|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=4 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|accessdaymonth=15 Toshiaght Arree|accessyear=2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Sauin 2005|accessdaymonth=15 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|accessdaymonth=20 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilometeryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilometeryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilometeryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilometeryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |accessedaymonth=16 Jerrey Souree |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |accessedaymonth=26 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdaymonth=22 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-16 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=11 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 August 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|accessdaymonth = 25 Luanistyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=28 Luanistyn|accessyear= 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilometer kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth = 20 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |author=Alan Travis, home affairs editor |accessdaymonth=15 Jerey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Sauin 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072321/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081021051705/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour%27s+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth = 22 November|accessyear=2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222353/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants> {{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630185133/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Sauin, 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120530050454/www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|dater=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=[[2005-02-28]] |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=''Times Higher Education''|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064525/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|author = Rod Eddington |year = 2006|month = Nollick|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/|publisher = UK Treasury|archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilometeryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilometeryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilometeryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilometeryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{G8}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] n4n6yi1lvosv617y4latev31u5gme1g 380268 380267 2026-05-27T01:51:10Z MacTire02 219 MacTire02 moved page [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] to [[Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] over redirect: aght 380266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Reeriaght Unnaneysit |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil |jalloo_caslys = Europe-UK_(orthographic_projection).svg |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[God Save the King]]"{{Efn|She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjin-chliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark.}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg]]}} |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]]{{Efn|Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah.}} |preeu-valley = [[Lunnin]] |latd=51 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=07 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monark y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 244,820 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 94,526 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 79oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |pobble_ooley = 60,975,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |access-date=2008-08-31 |archive-date=2005-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028130741/http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 22h |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = 2001 |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 246 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 637 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 48oo |blein_possanyn_kynneeagh = 2001 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |LTS_ennymagh = $2.772 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 5oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2007 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $45,845 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 9oo |blein_ALD = 2005 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.946 |rhenk_ALD = 16oo |ronney_ALD = <font color="#009900">ard</font> |Gini = 34<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rang-oardraghey Gini]</ref> |blein_Gini = 2005 |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |quaiyl = [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit as Nerin Hwoaie|Ard-whaiyl]] |quaiyl_syrjey = [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] |quaiyl_s'inshley = [[Quaiyl s'inshley yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Quaiyl Hostyn]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |fo-noteyn = }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle]]: ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'') ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | accessdaymonth=25 Mean Fouyir|accessyear = 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |accessdaymonth=13 Mean Souree|accessyear=2007|quote=Countries within a country|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|accessdaymonth = 29 Boaldyn|accessyear = 2006|publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005|accessdate = 2008-11-14|archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archivedate=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jeeveanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght]] as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| accessdaymonth = 26 Mean Souree| accessyear = 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| accessdate = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[thallooyn har mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | accessdaymonth=26 Mean Souree|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archivedate=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihill. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny ben hoshee er dagh ream co-unnaneysagh. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va yabanagada [[Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome|publisher=www.parliament.uk|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdaymonth=27 Luanistyn |accessyear=2008 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretin]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707|publisher=www.parliament.uk |accessdaymonth=19 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh çheet [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar liorish çheet [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|isbn=1855343800|last=Ross|first=David|date=2002|quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes [[James I of England]] in the [[Union of the Crowns]], and leaves Edinburgh for London|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=1902930169|last=Hearn|first=Jonathan|date=2002|quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Seyr Steat Nerin|Heyr Steat Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=14 November 2008 |archive-date=14 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah ny Bretyn Mooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natsee.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], kied ghreasane creeley eddyr-ashoonagh y theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|acessyear=2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree, 2002|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=4 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|accessdaymonth=15 Toshiaght Arree|accessyear=2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Sauin 2005|accessdaymonth=15 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|accessdaymonth=20 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilometeryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilometeryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilometeryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilometeryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |accessedaymonth=16 Jerrey Souree |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |accessedaymonth=26 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdaymonth=22 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-16 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=11 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 August 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|accessdaymonth = 25 Luanistyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=28 Luanistyn|accessyear= 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilometer kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth = 20 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |author=Alan Travis, home affairs editor |accessdaymonth=15 Jerey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Sauin 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072321/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081021051705/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour%27s+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth = 22 November|accessyear=2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222353/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants> {{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630185133/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Sauin, 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120530050454/www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|dater=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=[[2005-02-28]] |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=''Times Higher Education''|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064525/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|author = Rod Eddington |year = 2006|month = Nollick|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/|publisher = UK Treasury|archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilometeryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilometeryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilometeryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilometeryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{G8}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] n4n6yi1lvosv617y4latev31u5gme1g 380270 380268 2026-05-27T01:51:41Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 380270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Reeriaght Unnaneysit |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil |jalloo_caslys = Europe-UK_(orthographic_projection).svg |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[God Save the King]]"{{Efn|She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjin-chliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark.}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg]]}} |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]]{{Efn|Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah.}} |preeu-valley = [[Lunnin]] |latd=51 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=07 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monark y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 244,820 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 94,526 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 79oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |pobble_ooley = 60,975,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |access-date=2008-08-31 |archive-date=2005-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028130741/http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 22h |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = 2001 |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 246 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 637 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 48oo |blein_possanyn_kynneeagh = 2001 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |LTS_ennymagh = $2.772 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 5oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2007 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $45,845 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 9oo |blein_ALD = 2005 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.946 |rhenk_ALD = 16oo |ronney_ALD = <font color="#009900">ard</font> |Gini = 34<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rang-oardraghey Gini]</ref> |blein_Gini = 2005 |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |quaiyl = [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit as Nerin Hwoaie|Ard-whaiyl]] |quaiyl_syrjey = [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] |quaiyl_s'inshley = [[Quaiyl s'inshley yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Quaiyl Hostyn]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |fo-noteyn = }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle]]: ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'') ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | accessdaymonth=25 Mean Fouyir|accessyear = 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |accessdaymonth=13 Mean Souree|accessyear=2007|quote=Countries within a country|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|accessdaymonth = 29 Boaldyn|accessyear = 2006|publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005|accessdate = 2008-11-14|archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archivedate=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jeeveanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght]] as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| accessdaymonth = 26 Mean Souree| accessyear = 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| accessdate = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[thallooyn har mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | accessdaymonth=26 Mean Souree|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archivedate=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihill. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny ben hoshee er dagh ream co-unnaneysagh. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va yabanagada [[Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome|publisher=www.parliament.uk|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdaymonth=27 Luanistyn |accessyear=2008 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretin]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707|publisher=www.parliament.uk |accessdaymonth=19 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh çheet [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar liorish çheet [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|isbn=1855343800|last=Ross|first=David|date=2002|quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes [[James I of England]] in the [[Union of the Crowns]], and leaves Edinburgh for London|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=1902930169|last=Hearn|first=Jonathan|date=2002|quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Seyr Steat Nerin|Heyr Steat Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=14 November 2008 |archive-date=14 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah ny Bretyn Mooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natsee.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], kied ghreasane creeley eddyr-ashoonagh y theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|acessyear=2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree, 2002|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=4 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|accessdaymonth=15 Toshiaght Arree|accessyear=2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Sauin 2005|accessdaymonth=15 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|accessdaymonth=20 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilometeryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilometeryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilometeryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilometeryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |accessedaymonth=16 Jerrey Souree |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |accessedaymonth=26 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdaymonth=22 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-16 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=11 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 August 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|accessdaymonth = 25 Luanistyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=28 Luanistyn|accessyear= 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilometer kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth = 20 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |author=Alan Travis, home affairs editor |accessdaymonth=15 Jerey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Sauin 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072321/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081021051705/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour%27s+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth = 22 November|accessyear=2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222353/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants> {{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630185133/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Sauin, 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120530050454/www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|dater=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=[[2005-02-28]] |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=''Times Higher Education''|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064525/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|author = Rod Eddington |year = 2006|month = Nollick|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/|publisher = UK Treasury|archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilometeryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilometeryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilometeryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilometeryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{G8}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] 7jvu75r4ky8bg03dzggkpflhlcy2kr5 380271 380270 2026-05-27T01:52:05Z MacTire02 219 catsort 380271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Reeriaght Unnaneysit |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil |jalloo_caslys = Europe-UK_(orthographic_projection).svg |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[God Save the King]]"{{Efn|She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjin-chliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark.}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg]]}} |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]]{{Efn|Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah.}} |preeu-valley = [[Lunnin]] |latd=51 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=07 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monark y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 244,820 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 94,526 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 79oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |pobble_ooley = 60,975,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |access-date=2008-08-31 |archive-date=2005-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028130741/http://www.nationalstatistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |blein_ooley_pobble = 2007 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 22h |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = 2001 |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 246 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 637 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 48oo |blein_possanyn_kynneeagh = 2001 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |LTS_ennymagh = $2.772 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 5oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2007 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $45,845 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 9oo |blein_ALD = 2005 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.946 |rhenk_ALD = 16oo |ronney_ALD = <font color="#009900">ard</font> |Gini = 34<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rang-oardraghey Gini]</ref> |blein_Gini = 2005 |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |quaiyl = [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit as Nerin Hwoaie|Ard-whaiyl]] |quaiyl_syrjey = [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] |quaiyl_s'inshley = [[Quaiyl s'inshley yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Quaiyl Hostyn]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] (£) |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |fo-noteyn = }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle]]: ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'') ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | accessdaymonth=25 Mean Fouyir|accessyear = 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |accessdaymonth=13 Mean Souree|accessyear=2007|quote=Countries within a country|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|accessdaymonth = 29 Boaldyn|accessyear = 2006|publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005|accessdate = 2008-11-14|archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archivedate=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jeeveanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght]] as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| accessdaymonth = 26 Mean Souree| accessyear = 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| accessdate = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[thallooyn har mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | accessdaymonth=26 Mean Souree|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archivedate=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihill. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny ben hoshee er dagh ream co-unnaneysagh. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va yabanagada [[Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome|publisher=www.parliament.uk|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdaymonth=27 Luanistyn |accessyear=2008 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretin]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707|publisher=www.parliament.uk |accessdaymonth=19 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh çheet [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar liorish çheet [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|isbn=1855343800|last=Ross|first=David|date=2002|quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes [[James I of England]] in the [[Union of the Crowns]], and leaves Edinburgh for London|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=1902930169|last=Hearn|first=Jonathan|date=2002|quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Seyr Steat Nerin|Heyr Steat Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |accessdaymonth=15 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=14 November 2008 |archive-date=14 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah ny Bretyn Mooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natsee.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], kied ghreasane creeley eddyr-ashoonagh y theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|acessyear=2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree, 2002|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=4 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|accessdaymonth=15 Toshiaght Arree|accessyear=2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Sauin 2005|accessdaymonth=15 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|accessdaymonth=20 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilometeryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilometeryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilometeryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilometeryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |accessedaymonth=16 Jerrey Souree |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |accessedaymonth=26 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdaymonth=22 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-16 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=11 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 August 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|accessdaymonth = 25 Luanistyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=28 Luanistyn|accessyear= 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilometer kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth = 20 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |author=Alan Travis, home affairs editor |accessdaymonth=15 Jerey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Sauin 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072321/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081021051705/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour%27s+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth = 22 November|accessyear=2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222353/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants> {{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630185133/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Sauin, 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120530050454/www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|dater=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=[[2005-02-28]] |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=''Times Higher Education''|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064525/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|author = Rod Eddington |year = 2006|month = Nollick|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/|publisher = UK Treasury|archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilometeryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilometeryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilometeryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilometeryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{G8}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] hf9v00iwx999ywszkp9x5pu4h5z9rhg 0 2452 380247 364037 2026-05-27T00:04:23Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 380247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Pobblaght Hurkagh y Cheeprey Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti {{small|([[Turkish]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Cheeprey Hwoaie |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg |jalloo_caslys = Northern_Cyprus_(orthographic_projection).svg |jarroo-raa = |arrane_ashoonagh = ''[[İstiklâl Marşı]]''<br />''"Arrane y Teyrsnys"''¹ |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Turkish]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = |possanyn_kynneeagh = |preeu-valley = [[Lefkoşa]] |latd=35 |latm=08 |latNS=N |longd=33 |longm=28 |longEW=E |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Hiar |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Pobblaght lieh-eaghtyraneagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane Phobblaght Hurkagh y Cheeprey Hwoaie|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Ersin Tatar]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter Phobblaght Hurkagh y Cheeprey Hwoaie|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Ünal Üstel]] |dateEUentreilys = |eaghtyr_km2 = 3,355 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 1,295 |eaghtyr_rhenk = |ushtey_sy_cheead = 2.7 |pobble_ooley = |blein_ooley_pobble = |rhenk_ooley_pobble = |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 78 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 203 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 89oo |quaiyl = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2007 |LTS_CCK = $4.54 billioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 90oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $7,135 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 93oo |LTS_ennymagh = |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |Gini = |blein_Gini = |ronney_Gini = |rhenk_Gini = |blein_ALD = |ALD = |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Seyrsnys |note_kiondeeaght = veih'n [[Yn Cheeprey|Cheeprey]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = Fogrit magh |date1_bunnit = 15 Sauin 1983 |taghyrt2_bunnit = Er enney |date2_bunnit = Ec [[Yn Turkee|y Turkee]] ynrican |argid = [[lira yn Turkee]] |coad_argid = TRY |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa ynnydagh yn Oarpey Hiar|EET]] |ashchur_utc = +2 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa souree yn Oarpey Hiar|EEST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +3 |cctld = [[.nc.tr]], ny [[.tr]] |coad_çhellvane = 90-392 }} She çheer gyn enney er ellan ny [[Yn Cheeprey|Ceeprey]] ee '''yn Cheeprey Hwoaie''' ([[Turkish]]: ''Kuzey Kıbrıs'') ny '''Pobblaght Hurkagh y Cheeprey Hwoaie''' (Turkish: ''Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'', ''KKTC''). ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080420153946/http://www.cm.gov.nc.tr/ Çhionnal Pobblaghtagh (Parlamaid) Phobblaght Hurkagh y Cheeprey Hwoaie] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120404210705/http://www.kktcb.org/ Yn Eaghtyraneys, Pobblaght Hurkagh y Cheeprey Hwoaie] {{Yn Oarpey}} {{Yn Aishey}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|35|15|N|33|45|E|type:country|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cheeprey Hwoaie}} [[Ronney:Yn Cheeprey Hwoaie| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Cheeprey Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1983|*]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Aishey 'sy vlein 1983]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Oarpey 'sy vlein 1983]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn arganeyssit 'syn Aishey]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn arganeyssit 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Ard hiar y Veanvooir]] [[Ronney:Scarreydys 'sy Cheeprey]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1983]] [[Ronney:Arganeyssyn thallooinagh y Ghreag]] [[Ronney:Arganeyssyn thallooinagh y Turkee]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as lieh-enney oc]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey Heear]] [[Ronney:Olteynyn-baght Reagheydys Eddyrashoonagh y Chultoor Turkagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-baght Reagheydys y Cho-obbraghey Islamagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-baght Reagheydys ny Steatyn Turkagh]] [[Ronney:Cummaltyssyn caggee Turkagh]] 2x1sl7z6ykbw9rryyn9sawtt854wthu 0 3591 380246 373406 2026-05-27T00:01:21Z ~2026-31556-66 23377 380246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle Albinagh]])}}<br />Tuaisceart Éireann {{small|([[Yernish]])}}<br />Norlin Airlann {{small|([[Baarle Ultagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Nerin |jalloo_brattagh = |jalloo_cleinney = |jalloo_caslys = Northern_Ireland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |arrane_ashoonagh = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{Hlist| [[Baarle Albinagh]]| [[Yernish]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ainsworth |first=Paul |date=6 Nollick 2022 |title='Historic milestone' passed as Irish language legislation becomes law |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |access-date=7 Nollick 2022 |website=The Irish News |language=en |archive-date=12 Nollick 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212015026/https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Parliament3168">{{Cite web |url=https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |title=Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 publications – Parliamentary Bills – UK Parliament |access-date=28 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-date=29 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529205121/https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |url-status=live }}</ref>}} |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle Ultagh]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Myn-çhengaghyn as<br/>çhengaghyn ardjynagh |preeu-valley = [[Beeal Feirshtey]] |latd=54 |latm=35.456 |latNS=N |longd=5 |longm=50.4 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = Çhionnal jee-veanit [[Co-heshaghtaghys|co-heshaghtagh]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Michelle O'Neill]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Emma Little-Pengelly]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Screeudeyr Steat ry hoi Nerin Hwoaie|Screeudeyr Steat]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Hilary Benn]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 13,843 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 5,345 |pobble_ooley = 1,759,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 122 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 315 |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh = £63.3 billoon |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £32,944<ref name="ONS GDP">{{Cite web |title=Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions |date=24 Averil 2024 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2024 |website=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = 0.907<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Bunneeaght |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]] |date1_bunnit = 3 Boaldyn 1921 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattys Bunraght Nerin Hwoaie 1973|Slattys Bunraght 1973]] |date2_bunnit = 18 Jerrey Souree 1973 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1974]] |date3_bunnit = 17 Jerrey Souree 1974 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1998]] |date4_bunnit = 19 Sauin 1998 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = GMT |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = BST |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |note_coad_çhellvane = {{efn|Ta 28 çheet jeeragh lurg +44 tra ta'n peiagh geamagh er linnaghyn thallooin. She 028 yn coad çheusthie jeh'n RU as 048 çheusthie jeh Pobblaght Nerin raad t'eh coontit myr eam thie.}} }} Ta '''Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle Albinagh]]: ''Northern Ireland'', [[Yernish]]: ''Tuaisceart Éireann'', [[Baarle Ultagh]]: ''Norlin Airlann'') ny çheer 'sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp The Countries of the UK] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008. Ta'n [[Northern Ireland Act 1998]] soilshey Nerin Hwoaie magh myr "cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit". Ta'n enmys "[[çheer cho-ayrnagh]]" currit er Nerin Hwoaie ny keayrtyn liorish [[Unnaneyseyr (Nerin)|Unnaneyseyryn]] as moiryn Goaldagh.&nbsp;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/en2003/2003en33.htm] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050318104438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/bbcandyou/accountable/charterrev4.shtml].</ref> as t'ee ny lhie ayns shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]]. Ta joarey eck lesh [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 'sy neear as 'sy jiass. Rere staydraa coontey-pobble yn RU 'sy vlein 2001, va 1,685,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer, as ad jannoo seose eddyr kiarroo as treeoo jeh sleih-earroo yn ellan as 3% jeh sleih-earroo yn RU. Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh [[Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie|shey]] ass ny nuy coondaeghyn tradishoonagh ayns [[Queiggey Ulley]]. V'ee crooit myr [[Aarheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|aarheynn er lheh jeh'n RU]] er 3 Boaldyn 1921 fo [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]], agh ta'n bunneydys bunraghtoil ny lhie ayns [[Slattys Unnaneys 1800]] eddyr y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin. Va [[Reiltys Nerin Hwoaie|reiltys]] [[Reiltys jeeveanit|jeeveanit]] as [[Parlamaid Nerin Hwoaie|parlamaid]] eck er feie 50 bleeaney. Va ny h-undinyssyn shen castit ayns 1972 as astyrit ayns 1973. Ny yei eiyrtyssyn as aa-eiyrtyssyn hene-reiltys y chur er bun reesht va [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]] noa-emshyragh bunnit. == Çheer-oaylleeaght == === Coondaeghyn === {{ardart|Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie}} Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh shey [[Coondaeghyn Nerin|coondaeghyn]] shendeeagh: [[Coontae Aontrym]], [[Coontae Ard Maghey]], [[Coontae yn Doon]], [[Coontae 'er Managh]], [[Coontae Ghoirrey]], as [[Coontae Heer Eoin]]. [[Coadan:SilentValley.jpg|thumb|left|[[Doour Ghleann an Chiúnais]], [[Coontae yn Doon]].]] Cha nel ny coondaeghyn shen ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh nish, ansherbee; ayns nyn ynnydyn, ta Nerin Hwoaie rheynnit magh ayns shey [[Slystyn Nerin Hwoaie|slystyn]] as feed, as rheaymyssaghtyn çheer-oaylleeagh anchasley oc, eer ec ny coondaeghyn as enmyn ny slystyn çheet magh assdaue. Ta [[Coonseil Slystagh 'er Managh]] goll eiyrt er joaraghyn y choontae tradishoonagh son y chooid. Er y laue elley, ta [[Coonseil Slystagh Chooil Rhennee]] çheet magh ass ennym y valley Cooill Rhennee ayns Coontae Ghoirrey. [[Coadan:Lower lough erne.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Logh Éirne Heese, [[Coontae 'er Managh]]]] Ga nagh vel ny coondaeghyn ymmydit ry hoi cooishyn reiltyssagh, t'ad tannaghtyn myr cur sheese ennoil soiaghey buill. T'ad ymmydit dy h-oikoil da sleih as ad shirrey [[kied troailt Yernagh]], as y çheer ruggyree ry-laccal ayn. Ta ennym y choontae ry-akin ayns [[Yernish]] as [[Baarle]] er duillag fysseree yn chied troailt, ayns cosoylaght rish y valley ny ard-valley ruggyree ayns kied troailt y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta [[Commyn Roortaghys Gaeil]] goaill ymmyd jeh ny coondaeghyn tradishoonagh myr preeu-aght reagheydys as ta fwirranyn reihdagh as dagh [[coontae yn CRG]] glackit. Ta ny joaraghyn coontae foast ry-akin er caslyssyn çheerey yn Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland as ayns ny h-atlassyn Phillips Street Atlases. Lesh tuittym ymmyd oikoil, dy mennick ta mestid ayn mychione baljyn as ard-valjyn ta nyn lhie faggys da joaraghyn coontae, lheid as [[Beeal Feirshtey]] as [[Lis ny Garvagh]], quoi ta rheynnit eddyr coondaeghyn y Doon as Aontrym (ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n daa valley ny lhie ayns Coontae Aontrym, ansherbee). [[Coadan:City Hall Belfast Queen Victoria.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Halley Ard-valjey Veeal Feirshtey]] ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Nerin Hwoaie| ]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Nerin Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Reill thie ayns Nerin]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 2 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1921]] [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1921| ]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh hene-reiltagh 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn harrish mooir co-ayrnagh]] {{Coord|54.61|N|6.62|W|type:country_region:GB-NIR|display=title}} 76tg5dh5a3sodfzvvuy1utycsrtvbsl 380248 380246 2026-05-27T00:06:43Z ~2026-31556-66 23377 380248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]])}}<br />Tuaisceart Éireann {{small|([[Yernish]])}}<br />Norlin Airlann {{small|([[Baarle Ultagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Nerin |jalloo_brattagh = |jalloo_cleinney = |jalloo_caslys = Northern_Ireland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |arrane_ashoonagh = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{Hlist| [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]]| [[Yernish]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ainsworth |first=Paul |date=6 Nollick 2022 |title='Historic milestone' passed as Irish language legislation becomes law |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |access-date=7 Nollick 2022 |website=The Irish News |language=en |archive-date=12 Nollick 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212015026/https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Parliament3168">{{Cite web |url=https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |title=Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 publications – Parliamentary Bills – UK Parliament |access-date=28 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-date=29 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529205121/https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |url-status=live }}</ref>}} |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle Ultagh]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Myn-çhengaghyn as<br/>çhengaghyn ardjynagh |preeu-valley = [[Beeal Feirshtey]] |latd=54 |latm=35.456 |latNS=N |longd=5 |longm=50.4 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = Çhionnal jee-veanit [[Co-heshaghtaghys|co-heshaghtagh]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Michelle O'Neill]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Emma Little-Pengelly]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Screeudeyr Steat ry hoi Nerin Hwoaie|Screeudeyr Steat]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Hilary Benn]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 13,843 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 5,345 |pobble_ooley = 1,759,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 122 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 315 |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh = £63.3 billoon |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £32,944<ref name="ONS GDP">{{Cite web |title=Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions |date=24 Averil 2024 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2024 |website=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = 0.907<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Bunneeaght |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]] |date1_bunnit = 3 Boaldyn 1921 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattys Bunraght Nerin Hwoaie 1973|Slattys Bunraght 1973]] |date2_bunnit = 18 Jerrey Souree 1973 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1974]] |date3_bunnit = 17 Jerrey Souree 1974 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1998]] |date4_bunnit = 19 Sauin 1998 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = GMT |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = BST |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |note_coad_çhellvane = {{efn|Ta 28 çheet jeeragh lurg +44 tra ta'n peiagh geamagh er linnaghyn thallooin. She 028 yn coad çheusthie jeh'n RU as 048 çheusthie jeh Pobblaght Nerin raad t'eh coontit myr eam thie.}} }} Ta '''Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]]: ''Northern Ireland'', [[Yernish]]: ''Tuaisceart Éireann'', [[Baarle Ultagh]]: ''Norlin Airlann'') ny çheer 'sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp The Countries of the UK] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008. Ta'n [[Northern Ireland Act 1998]] soilshey Nerin Hwoaie magh myr "cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit". Ta'n enmys "[[çheer cho-ayrnagh]]" currit er Nerin Hwoaie ny keayrtyn liorish [[Unnaneyseyr (Nerin)|Unnaneyseyryn]] as moiryn Goaldagh.&nbsp;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/en2003/2003en33.htm] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050318104438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/bbcandyou/accountable/charterrev4.shtml].</ref> as t'ee ny lhie ayns shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]]. Ta joarey eck lesh [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 'sy neear as 'sy jiass. Rere staydraa coontey-pobble yn RU 'sy vlein 2001, va 1,685,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer, as ad jannoo seose eddyr kiarroo as treeoo jeh sleih-earroo yn ellan as 3% jeh sleih-earroo yn RU. Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh [[Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie|shey]] ass ny nuy coondaeghyn tradishoonagh ayns [[Queiggey Ulley]]. V'ee crooit myr [[Aarheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|aarheynn er lheh jeh'n RU]] er 3 Boaldyn 1921 fo [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]], agh ta'n bunneydys bunraghtoil ny lhie ayns [[Slattys Unnaneys 1800]] eddyr y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin. Va [[Reiltys Nerin Hwoaie|reiltys]] [[Reiltys jeeveanit|jeeveanit]] as [[Parlamaid Nerin Hwoaie|parlamaid]] eck er feie 50 bleeaney. Va ny h-undinyssyn shen castit ayns 1972 as astyrit ayns 1973. Ny yei eiyrtyssyn as aa-eiyrtyssyn hene-reiltys y chur er bun reesht va [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]] noa-emshyragh bunnit. == Çheer-oaylleeaght == === Coondaeghyn === {{ardart|Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie}} Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh shey [[Coondaeghyn Nerin|coondaeghyn]] shendeeagh: [[Coontae Aontrym]], [[Coontae Ard Maghey]], [[Coontae yn Doon]], [[Coontae 'er Managh]], [[Coontae Ghoirrey]], as [[Coontae Heer Eoin]]. [[Coadan:SilentValley.jpg|thumb|left|[[Doour Ghleann an Chiúnais]], [[Coontae yn Doon]].]] Cha nel ny coondaeghyn shen ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh nish, ansherbee; ayns nyn ynnydyn, ta Nerin Hwoaie rheynnit magh ayns shey [[Slystyn Nerin Hwoaie|slystyn]] as feed, as rheaymyssaghtyn çheer-oaylleeagh anchasley oc, eer ec ny coondaeghyn as enmyn ny slystyn çheet magh assdaue. Ta [[Coonseil Slystagh 'er Managh]] goll eiyrt er joaraghyn y choontae tradishoonagh son y chooid. Er y laue elley, ta [[Coonseil Slystagh Chooil Rhennee]] çheet magh ass ennym y valley Cooill Rhennee ayns Coontae Ghoirrey. [[Coadan:Lower lough erne.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Logh Éirne Heese, [[Coontae 'er Managh]]]] Ga nagh vel ny coondaeghyn ymmydit ry hoi cooishyn reiltyssagh, t'ad tannaghtyn myr cur sheese ennoil soiaghey buill. T'ad ymmydit dy h-oikoil da sleih as ad shirrey [[kied troailt Yernagh]], as y çheer ruggyree ry-laccal ayn. Ta ennym y choontae ry-akin ayns [[Yernish]] as [[Baarle]] er duillag fysseree yn chied troailt, ayns cosoylaght rish y valley ny ard-valley ruggyree ayns kied troailt y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta [[Commyn Roortaghys Gaeil]] goaill ymmyd jeh ny coondaeghyn tradishoonagh myr preeu-aght reagheydys as ta fwirranyn reihdagh as dagh [[coontae yn CRG]] glackit. Ta ny joaraghyn coontae foast ry-akin er caslyssyn çheerey yn Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland as ayns ny h-atlassyn Phillips Street Atlases. Lesh tuittym ymmyd oikoil, dy mennick ta mestid ayn mychione baljyn as ard-valjyn ta nyn lhie faggys da joaraghyn coontae, lheid as [[Beeal Feirshtey]] as [[Lis ny Garvagh]], quoi ta rheynnit eddyr coondaeghyn y Doon as Aontrym (ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n daa valley ny lhie ayns Coontae Aontrym, ansherbee). [[Coadan:City Hall Belfast Queen Victoria.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Halley Ard-valjey Veeal Feirshtey]] ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Nerin Hwoaie| ]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Nerin Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Reill thie ayns Nerin]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 2 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1921]] [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1921| ]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh hene-reiltagh 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn harrish mooir co-ayrnagh]] {{Coord|54.61|N|6.62|W|type:country_region:GB-NIR|display=title}} mrpliu7qkv65kcsysfg45qoldilgr64 380249 380248 2026-05-27T00:08:34Z ~2026-31556-66 23377 380249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]])}}<br />Tuaisceart Éireann {{small|([[Yernish]])}}<br />Norlin Airlann {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Nerin |jalloo_brattagh = |jalloo_cleinney = |jalloo_caslys = Northern_Ireland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |arrane_ashoonagh = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{Hlist| [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]]| [[Yernish]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ainsworth |first=Paul |date=6 Nollick 2022 |title='Historic milestone' passed as Irish language legislation becomes law |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |access-date=7 Nollick 2022 |website=The Irish News |language=en |archive-date=12 Nollick 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212015026/https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Parliament3168">{{Cite web |url=https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |title=Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 publications – Parliamentary Bills – UK Parliament |access-date=28 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-date=29 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529205121/https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |url-status=live }}</ref>}} |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Myn-çhengaghyn as<br/>çhengaghyn ardjynagh |preeu-valley = [[Beeal Feirshtey]] |latd=54 |latm=35.456 |latNS=N |longd=5 |longm=50.4 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = Çhionnal jee-veanit [[Co-heshaghtaghys|co-heshaghtagh]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Michelle O'Neill]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Emma Little-Pengelly]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Screeudeyr Steat ry hoi Nerin Hwoaie|Screeudeyr Steat]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Hilary Benn]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 13,843 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 5,345 |pobble_ooley = 1,759,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 122 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 315 |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh = £63.3 billoon |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £32,944<ref name="ONS GDP">{{Cite web |title=Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions |date=24 Averil 2024 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2024 |website=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = 0.907<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Bunneeaght |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]] |date1_bunnit = 3 Boaldyn 1921 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattys Bunraght Nerin Hwoaie 1973|Slattys Bunraght 1973]] |date2_bunnit = 18 Jerrey Souree 1973 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1974]] |date3_bunnit = 17 Jerrey Souree 1974 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1998]] |date4_bunnit = 19 Sauin 1998 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = GMT |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = BST |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |note_coad_çhellvane = {{efn|Ta 28 çheet jeeragh lurg +44 tra ta'n peiagh geamagh er linnaghyn thallooin. She 028 yn coad çheusthie jeh'n RU as 048 çheusthie jeh Pobblaght Nerin raad t'eh coontit myr eam thie.}} }} Ta '''Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]]: ''Northern Ireland'', [[Yernish]]: ''Tuaisceart Éireann'', [[Baarle]]: ''Norlin Airlann'') ny çheer 'sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp The Countries of the UK] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008. Ta'n [[Northern Ireland Act 1998]] soilshey Nerin Hwoaie magh myr "cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit". Ta'n enmys "[[çheer cho-ayrnagh]]" currit er Nerin Hwoaie ny keayrtyn liorish [[Unnaneyseyr (Nerin)|Unnaneyseyryn]] as moiryn Goaldagh.&nbsp;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/en2003/2003en33.htm] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050318104438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/bbcandyou/accountable/charterrev4.shtml].</ref> as t'ee ny lhie ayns shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]]. Ta joarey eck lesh [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 'sy neear as 'sy jiass. Rere staydraa coontey-pobble yn RU 'sy vlein 2001, va 1,685,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer, as ad jannoo seose eddyr kiarroo as treeoo jeh sleih-earroo yn ellan as 3% jeh sleih-earroo yn RU. Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh [[Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie|shey]] ass ny nuy coondaeghyn tradishoonagh ayns [[Queiggey Ulley]]. V'ee crooit myr [[Aarheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|aarheynn er lheh jeh'n RU]] er 3 Boaldyn 1921 fo [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]], agh ta'n bunneydys bunraghtoil ny lhie ayns [[Slattys Unnaneys 1800]] eddyr y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin. Va [[Reiltys Nerin Hwoaie|reiltys]] [[Reiltys jeeveanit|jeeveanit]] as [[Parlamaid Nerin Hwoaie|parlamaid]] eck er feie 50 bleeaney. Va ny h-undinyssyn shen castit ayns 1972 as astyrit ayns 1973. Ny yei eiyrtyssyn as aa-eiyrtyssyn hene-reiltys y chur er bun reesht va [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]] noa-emshyragh bunnit. == Çheer-oaylleeaght == === Coondaeghyn === {{ardart|Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie}} Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh shey [[Coondaeghyn Nerin|coondaeghyn]] shendeeagh: [[Coontae Aontrym]], [[Coontae Ard Maghey]], [[Coontae yn Doon]], [[Coontae 'er Managh]], [[Coontae Ghoirrey]], as [[Coontae Heer Eoin]]. [[Coadan:SilentValley.jpg|thumb|left|[[Doour Ghleann an Chiúnais]], [[Coontae yn Doon]].]] Cha nel ny coondaeghyn shen ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh nish, ansherbee; ayns nyn ynnydyn, ta Nerin Hwoaie rheynnit magh ayns shey [[Slystyn Nerin Hwoaie|slystyn]] as feed, as rheaymyssaghtyn çheer-oaylleeagh anchasley oc, eer ec ny coondaeghyn as enmyn ny slystyn çheet magh assdaue. Ta [[Coonseil Slystagh 'er Managh]] goll eiyrt er joaraghyn y choontae tradishoonagh son y chooid. Er y laue elley, ta [[Coonseil Slystagh Chooil Rhennee]] çheet magh ass ennym y valley Cooill Rhennee ayns Coontae Ghoirrey. [[Coadan:Lower lough erne.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Logh Éirne Heese, [[Coontae 'er Managh]]]] Ga nagh vel ny coondaeghyn ymmydit ry hoi cooishyn reiltyssagh, t'ad tannaghtyn myr cur sheese ennoil soiaghey buill. T'ad ymmydit dy h-oikoil da sleih as ad shirrey [[kied troailt Yernagh]], as y çheer ruggyree ry-laccal ayn. Ta ennym y choontae ry-akin ayns [[Yernish]] as [[Baarle]] er duillag fysseree yn chied troailt, ayns cosoylaght rish y valley ny ard-valley ruggyree ayns kied troailt y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta [[Commyn Roortaghys Gaeil]] goaill ymmyd jeh ny coondaeghyn tradishoonagh myr preeu-aght reagheydys as ta fwirranyn reihdagh as dagh [[coontae yn CRG]] glackit. Ta ny joaraghyn coontae foast ry-akin er caslyssyn çheerey yn Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland as ayns ny h-atlassyn Phillips Street Atlases. Lesh tuittym ymmyd oikoil, dy mennick ta mestid ayn mychione baljyn as ard-valjyn ta nyn lhie faggys da joaraghyn coontae, lheid as [[Beeal Feirshtey]] as [[Lis ny Garvagh]], quoi ta rheynnit eddyr coondaeghyn y Doon as Aontrym (ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n daa valley ny lhie ayns Coontae Aontrym, ansherbee). [[Coadan:City Hall Belfast Queen Victoria.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Halley Ard-valjey Veeal Feirshtey]] ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Nerin Hwoaie| ]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Nerin Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Reill thie ayns Nerin]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 2 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1921]] [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1921| ]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh hene-reiltagh 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn harrish mooir co-ayrnagh]] {{Coord|54.61|N|6.62|W|type:country_region:GB-NIR|display=title}} m53agkd6qas290de70dpcehqb7kmk00 380250 380249 2026-05-27T00:10:50Z ~2026-31556-66 23377 380250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle Albinagh]])}}<br />Tuaisceart Éireann {{small|([[Yernish]])}}<br />Norlin Airlann {{small|([[Baarle]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Nerin |jalloo_brattagh = |jalloo_cleinney = |jalloo_caslys = Northern_Ireland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |arrane_ashoonagh = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{Hlist| [[Baarle Albinagh]]| [[Yernish]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ainsworth |first=Paul |date=6 Nollick 2022 |title='Historic milestone' passed as Irish language legislation becomes law |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |access-date=7 Nollick 2022 |website=The Irish News |language=en |archive-date=12 Nollick 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212015026/https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Parliament3168">{{Cite web |url=https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |title=Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 publications – Parliamentary Bills – UK Parliament |access-date=28 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-date=29 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529205121/https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |url-status=live }}</ref>}} |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Myn-çhengaghyn as<br/>çhengaghyn ardjynagh |preeu-valley = [[Beeal Feirshtey]] |latd=54 |latm=35.456 |latNS=N |longd=5 |longm=50.4 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = Çhionnal jee-veanit [[Co-heshaghtaghys|co-heshaghtagh]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Michelle O'Neill]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Emma Little-Pengelly]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Screeudeyr Steat ry hoi Nerin Hwoaie|Screeudeyr Steat]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Hilary Benn]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 13,843 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 5,345 |pobble_ooley = 1,759,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 122 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 315 |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh = £63.3 billoon |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £32,944<ref name="ONS GDP">{{Cite web |title=Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions |date=24 Averil 2024 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2024 |website=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = 0.907<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Bunneeaght |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]] |date1_bunnit = 3 Boaldyn 1921 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattys Bunraght Nerin Hwoaie 1973|Slattys Bunraght 1973]] |date2_bunnit = 18 Jerrey Souree 1973 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1974]] |date3_bunnit = 17 Jerrey Souree 1974 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1998]] |date4_bunnit = 19 Sauin 1998 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = GMT |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = BST |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |note_coad_çhellvane = {{efn|Ta 28 çheet jeeragh lurg +44 tra ta'n peiagh geamagh er linnaghyn thallooin. She 028 yn coad çheusthie jeh'n RU as 048 çheusthie jeh Pobblaght Nerin raad t'eh coontit myr eam thie.}} }} Ta '''Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle Albinagh]]: ''Northern Ireland'', [[Yernish]]: ''Tuaisceart Éireann'', [[Baarle]]: ''Norlin Airlann'') ny çheer 'sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp The Countries of the UK] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008. Ta'n [[Northern Ireland Act 1998]] soilshey Nerin Hwoaie magh myr "cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit". Ta'n enmys "[[çheer cho-ayrnagh]]" currit er Nerin Hwoaie ny keayrtyn liorish [[Unnaneyseyr (Nerin)|Unnaneyseyryn]] as moiryn Goaldagh.&nbsp;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/en2003/2003en33.htm] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050318104438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/bbcandyou/accountable/charterrev4.shtml].</ref> as t'ee ny lhie ayns shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]]. Ta joarey eck lesh [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 'sy neear as 'sy jiass. Rere staydraa coontey-pobble yn RU 'sy vlein 2001, va 1,685,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer, as ad jannoo seose eddyr kiarroo as treeoo jeh sleih-earroo yn ellan as 3% jeh sleih-earroo yn RU. Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh [[Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie|shey]] ass ny nuy coondaeghyn tradishoonagh ayns [[Queiggey Ulley]]. V'ee crooit myr [[Aarheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|aarheynn er lheh jeh'n RU]] er 3 Boaldyn 1921 fo [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]], agh ta'n bunneydys bunraghtoil ny lhie ayns [[Slattys Unnaneys 1800]] eddyr y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin. Va [[Reiltys Nerin Hwoaie|reiltys]] [[Reiltys jeeveanit|jeeveanit]] as [[Parlamaid Nerin Hwoaie|parlamaid]] eck er feie 50 bleeaney. Va ny h-undinyssyn shen castit ayns 1972 as astyrit ayns 1973. Ny yei eiyrtyssyn as aa-eiyrtyssyn hene-reiltys y chur er bun reesht va [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]] noa-emshyragh bunnit. == Çheer-oaylleeaght == === Coondaeghyn === {{ardart|Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie}} Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh shey [[Coondaeghyn Nerin|coondaeghyn]] shendeeagh: [[Coontae Aontrym]], [[Coontae Ard Maghey]], [[Coontae yn Doon]], [[Coontae 'er Managh]], [[Coontae Ghoirrey]], as [[Coontae Heer Eoin]]. [[Coadan:SilentValley.jpg|thumb|left|[[Doour Ghleann an Chiúnais]], [[Coontae yn Doon]].]] Cha nel ny coondaeghyn shen ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh nish, ansherbee; ayns nyn ynnydyn, ta Nerin Hwoaie rheynnit magh ayns shey [[Slystyn Nerin Hwoaie|slystyn]] as feed, as rheaymyssaghtyn çheer-oaylleeagh anchasley oc, eer ec ny coondaeghyn as enmyn ny slystyn çheet magh assdaue. Ta [[Coonseil Slystagh 'er Managh]] goll eiyrt er joaraghyn y choontae tradishoonagh son y chooid. Er y laue elley, ta [[Coonseil Slystagh Chooil Rhennee]] çheet magh ass ennym y valley Cooill Rhennee ayns Coontae Ghoirrey. [[Coadan:Lower lough erne.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Logh Éirne Heese, [[Coontae 'er Managh]]]] Ga nagh vel ny coondaeghyn ymmydit ry hoi cooishyn reiltyssagh, t'ad tannaghtyn myr cur sheese ennoil soiaghey buill. T'ad ymmydit dy h-oikoil da sleih as ad shirrey [[kied troailt Yernagh]], as y çheer ruggyree ry-laccal ayn. Ta ennym y choontae ry-akin ayns [[Yernish]] as [[Baarle]] er duillag fysseree yn chied troailt, ayns cosoylaght rish y valley ny ard-valley ruggyree ayns kied troailt y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta [[Commyn Roortaghys Gaeil]] goaill ymmyd jeh ny coondaeghyn tradishoonagh myr preeu-aght reagheydys as ta fwirranyn reihdagh as dagh [[coontae yn CRG]] glackit. Ta ny joaraghyn coontae foast ry-akin er caslyssyn çheerey yn Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland as ayns ny h-atlassyn Phillips Street Atlases. Lesh tuittym ymmyd oikoil, dy mennick ta mestid ayn mychione baljyn as ard-valjyn ta nyn lhie faggys da joaraghyn coontae, lheid as [[Beeal Feirshtey]] as [[Lis ny Garvagh]], quoi ta rheynnit eddyr coondaeghyn y Doon as Aontrym (ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n daa valley ny lhie ayns Coontae Aontrym, ansherbee). [[Coadan:City Hall Belfast Queen Victoria.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Halley Ard-valjey Veeal Feirshtey]] ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Nerin Hwoaie| ]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Nerin Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Reill thie ayns Nerin]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 2 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1921]] [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1921| ]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh hene-reiltagh 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn harrish mooir co-ayrnagh]] {{Coord|54.61|N|6.62|W|type:country_region:GB-NIR|display=title}} fygozfl3okmgojp9dfk7q4nyufavneg 380251 380250 2026-05-27T00:13:23Z ~2026-31556-66 23377 380251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br />Tuaisceart Éireann {{small|([[Yernish]])}}<br />Norlin Airlann {{small|([[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Nerin |jalloo_brattagh = |jalloo_cleinney = |jalloo_caslys = Northern_Ireland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |arrane_ashoonagh = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{Hlist| [[Baarle]]| [[Yernish]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ainsworth |first=Paul |date=6 Nollick 2022 |title='Historic milestone' passed as Irish language legislation becomes law |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |access-date=7 Nollick 2022 |website=The Irish News |language=en |archive-date=12 Nollick 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212015026/https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Parliament3168">{{Cite web |url=https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |title=Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 publications – Parliamentary Bills – UK Parliament |access-date=28 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-date=29 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529205121/https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |url-status=live }}</ref>}} |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Myn-çhengaghyn as<br/>çhengaghyn ardjynagh |preeu-valley = [[Beeal Feirshtey]] |latd=54 |latm=35.456 |latNS=N |longd=5 |longm=50.4 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = Çhionnal jee-veanit [[Co-heshaghtaghys|co-heshaghtagh]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Michelle O'Neill]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Emma Little-Pengelly]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Screeudeyr Steat ry hoi Nerin Hwoaie|Screeudeyr Steat]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Hilary Benn]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 13,843 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 5,345 |pobble_ooley = 1,759,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 122 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 315 |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh = £63.3 billoon |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £32,944<ref name="ONS GDP">{{Cite web |title=Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions |date=24 Averil 2024 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2024 |website=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = 0.907<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Bunneeaght |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]] |date1_bunnit = 3 Boaldyn 1921 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattys Bunraght Nerin Hwoaie 1973|Slattys Bunraght 1973]] |date2_bunnit = 18 Jerrey Souree 1973 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1974]] |date3_bunnit = 17 Jerrey Souree 1974 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1998]] |date4_bunnit = 19 Sauin 1998 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = GMT |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = BST |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |note_coad_çhellvane = {{efn|Ta 28 çheet jeeragh lurg +44 tra ta'n peiagh geamagh er linnaghyn thallooin. She 028 yn coad çheusthie jeh'n RU as 048 çheusthie jeh Pobblaght Nerin raad t'eh coontit myr eam thie.}} }} Ta '''Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle]]: ''Northern Ireland'', [[Yernish]]: ''Tuaisceart Éireann'', [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]]: ''Norlin Airlann'') ny çheer 'sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp The Countries of the UK] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008. Ta'n [[Northern Ireland Act 1998]] soilshey Nerin Hwoaie magh myr "cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit". Ta'n enmys "[[çheer cho-ayrnagh]]" currit er Nerin Hwoaie ny keayrtyn liorish [[Unnaneyseyr (Nerin)|Unnaneyseyryn]] as moiryn Goaldagh.&nbsp;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/en2003/2003en33.htm] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050318104438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/bbcandyou/accountable/charterrev4.shtml].</ref> as t'ee ny lhie ayns shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]]. Ta joarey eck lesh [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 'sy neear as 'sy jiass. Rere staydraa coontey-pobble yn RU 'sy vlein 2001, va 1,685,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer, as ad jannoo seose eddyr kiarroo as treeoo jeh sleih-earroo yn ellan as 3% jeh sleih-earroo yn RU. Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh [[Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie|shey]] ass ny nuy coondaeghyn tradishoonagh ayns [[Queiggey Ulley]]. V'ee crooit myr [[Aarheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|aarheynn er lheh jeh'n RU]] er 3 Boaldyn 1921 fo [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]], agh ta'n bunneydys bunraghtoil ny lhie ayns [[Slattys Unnaneys 1800]] eddyr y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin. Va [[Reiltys Nerin Hwoaie|reiltys]] [[Reiltys jeeveanit|jeeveanit]] as [[Parlamaid Nerin Hwoaie|parlamaid]] eck er feie 50 bleeaney. Va ny h-undinyssyn shen castit ayns 1972 as astyrit ayns 1973. Ny yei eiyrtyssyn as aa-eiyrtyssyn hene-reiltys y chur er bun reesht va [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]] noa-emshyragh bunnit. == Çheer-oaylleeaght == === Coondaeghyn === {{ardart|Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie}} Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh shey [[Coondaeghyn Nerin|coondaeghyn]] shendeeagh: [[Coontae Aontrym]], [[Coontae Ard Maghey]], [[Coontae yn Doon]], [[Coontae 'er Managh]], [[Coontae Ghoirrey]], as [[Coontae Heer Eoin]]. [[Coadan:SilentValley.jpg|thumb|left|[[Doour Ghleann an Chiúnais]], [[Coontae yn Doon]].]] Cha nel ny coondaeghyn shen ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh nish, ansherbee; ayns nyn ynnydyn, ta Nerin Hwoaie rheynnit magh ayns shey [[Slystyn Nerin Hwoaie|slystyn]] as feed, as rheaymyssaghtyn çheer-oaylleeagh anchasley oc, eer ec ny coondaeghyn as enmyn ny slystyn çheet magh assdaue. Ta [[Coonseil Slystagh 'er Managh]] goll eiyrt er joaraghyn y choontae tradishoonagh son y chooid. Er y laue elley, ta [[Coonseil Slystagh Chooil Rhennee]] çheet magh ass ennym y valley Cooill Rhennee ayns Coontae Ghoirrey. [[Coadan:Lower lough erne.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Logh Éirne Heese, [[Coontae 'er Managh]]]] Ga nagh vel ny coondaeghyn ymmydit ry hoi cooishyn reiltyssagh, t'ad tannaghtyn myr cur sheese ennoil soiaghey buill. T'ad ymmydit dy h-oikoil da sleih as ad shirrey [[kied troailt Yernagh]], as y çheer ruggyree ry-laccal ayn. Ta ennym y choontae ry-akin ayns [[Yernish]] as [[Baarle]] er duillag fysseree yn chied troailt, ayns cosoylaght rish y valley ny ard-valley ruggyree ayns kied troailt y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta [[Commyn Roortaghys Gaeil]] goaill ymmyd jeh ny coondaeghyn tradishoonagh myr preeu-aght reagheydys as ta fwirranyn reihdagh as dagh [[coontae yn CRG]] glackit. Ta ny joaraghyn coontae foast ry-akin er caslyssyn çheerey yn Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland as ayns ny h-atlassyn Phillips Street Atlases. Lesh tuittym ymmyd oikoil, dy mennick ta mestid ayn mychione baljyn as ard-valjyn ta nyn lhie faggys da joaraghyn coontae, lheid as [[Beeal Feirshtey]] as [[Lis ny Garvagh]], quoi ta rheynnit eddyr coondaeghyn y Doon as Aontrym (ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n daa valley ny lhie ayns Coontae Aontrym, ansherbee). [[Coadan:City Hall Belfast Queen Victoria.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Halley Ard-valjey Veeal Feirshtey]] ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Nerin Hwoaie| ]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Nerin Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Reill thie ayns Nerin]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 2 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1921]] [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1921| ]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh hene-reiltagh 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn harrish mooir co-ayrnagh]] {{Coord|54.61|N|6.62|W|type:country_region:GB-NIR|display=title}} olg1yv2w9ok3nztq8bmjc5d8ix7ipgn 380265 380251 2026-05-27T01:49:13Z MacTire02 219 Protected "[[Nerin Hwoaie]]": Excessive vandalism ([Reagh=Lhig da ymmydeyryn hene-hickyrit ny lomarcan] (indefinite) [Scugh=Lhig da ymmydeyryn hene-hickyrit ny lomarcan] (indefinite)) 380251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Nerin Hwoaie |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Northern Ireland {{small|([[Baarle]])}}<br />Tuaisceart Éireann {{small|([[Yernish]])}}<br />Norlin Airlann {{small|([[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = Nerin |jalloo_brattagh = |jalloo_cleinney = |jalloo_caslys = Northern_Ireland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |arrane_ashoonagh = |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{Hlist| [[Baarle]]| [[Yernish]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ainsworth |first=Paul |date=6 Nollick 2022 |title='Historic milestone' passed as Irish language legislation becomes law |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |access-date=7 Nollick 2022 |website=The Irish News |language=en |archive-date=12 Nollick 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212015026/https://www.irishnews.com/news/2022/12/06/news/_historic_milestone_passed_as_irish_language_legislation_becomes_law-2932333/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Parliament3168">{{Cite web |url=https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |title=Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 publications – Parliamentary Bills – UK Parliament |access-date=28 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-date=29 Boaldyn 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529205121/https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3168/publications |url-status=live }}</ref>}} |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = Myn-çhengaghyn as<br/>çhengaghyn ardjynagh |preeu-valley = [[Beeal Feirshtey]] |latd=54 |latm=35.456 |latNS=N |longd=5 |longm=50.4 |longEW=W |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Heear |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = Çhionnal jee-veanit [[Co-heshaghtaghys|co-heshaghtagh]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Michelle O'Neill]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh Nerin Hwoaie|Y Lhiass Chied Hirveishagh]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Emma Little-Pengelly]] |enmys4_fer-toshee = [[Screeudeyr Steat ry hoi Nerin Hwoaie|Screeudeyr Steat]] |ennym4_fer-toshee = [[Hilary Benn]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 13,843 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 5,345 |pobble_ooley = 1,759,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 122 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 315 |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh = £63.3 billoon |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £32,944<ref name="ONS GDP">{{Cite web |title=Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions |date=24 Averil 2024 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2024 |website=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = 0.907<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = |ronney_ALD = |sorçh_kiondeeaght = Bunneeaght |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]] |date1_bunnit = 3 Boaldyn 1921 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattys Bunraght Nerin Hwoaie 1973|Slattys Bunraght 1973]] |date2_bunnit = 18 Jerrey Souree 1973 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1974]] |date3_bunnit = 17 Jerrey Souree 1974 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattys Nerin Hwoaie 1998]] |date4_bunnit = 19 Sauin 1998 |argid = [[punt Sostynagh]] |coad_argid = GBP |traa_ynnydagh = GMT |ashchur_utc = +0 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = BST |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1 |cctld = [[.uk]] |coad_çhellvane = 44 |note_coad_çhellvane = {{efn|Ta 28 çheet jeeragh lurg +44 tra ta'n peiagh geamagh er linnaghyn thallooin. She 028 yn coad çheusthie jeh'n RU as 048 çheusthie jeh Pobblaght Nerin raad t'eh coontit myr eam thie.}} }} Ta '''Nerin Hwoaie''' ([[Baarle]]: ''Northern Ireland'', [[Yernish]]: ''Tuaisceart Éireann'', [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh]]: ''Norlin Airlann'') ny çheer 'sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp The Countries of the UK] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008. Ta'n [[Northern Ireland Act 1998]] soilshey Nerin Hwoaie magh myr "cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit". Ta'n enmys "[[çheer cho-ayrnagh]]" currit er Nerin Hwoaie ny keayrtyn liorish [[Unnaneyseyr (Nerin)|Unnaneyseyryn]] as moiryn Goaldagh.&nbsp;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/en2003/2003en33.htm] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050318104438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/bbcandyou/accountable/charterrev4.shtml].</ref> as t'ee ny lhie ayns shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]]. Ta joarey eck lesh [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 'sy neear as 'sy jiass. Rere staydraa coontey-pobble yn RU 'sy vlein 2001, va 1,685,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer, as ad jannoo seose eddyr kiarroo as treeoo jeh sleih-earroo yn ellan as 3% jeh sleih-earroo yn RU. Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh [[Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie|shey]] ass ny nuy coondaeghyn tradishoonagh ayns [[Queiggey Ulley]]. V'ee crooit myr [[Aarheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|aarheynn er lheh jeh'n RU]] er 3 Boaldyn 1921 fo [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920]], agh ta'n bunneydys bunraghtoil ny lhie ayns [[Slattys Unnaneys 1800]] eddyr y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin. Va [[Reiltys Nerin Hwoaie|reiltys]] [[Reiltys jeeveanit|jeeveanit]] as [[Parlamaid Nerin Hwoaie|parlamaid]] eck er feie 50 bleeaney. Va ny h-undinyssyn shen castit ayns 1972 as astyrit ayns 1973. Ny yei eiyrtyssyn as aa-eiyrtyssyn hene-reiltys y chur er bun reesht va [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]] noa-emshyragh bunnit. == Çheer-oaylleeaght == === Coondaeghyn === {{ardart|Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie}} Ta Nerin Hwoaie jeant seose jeh shey [[Coondaeghyn Nerin|coondaeghyn]] shendeeagh: [[Coontae Aontrym]], [[Coontae Ard Maghey]], [[Coontae yn Doon]], [[Coontae 'er Managh]], [[Coontae Ghoirrey]], as [[Coontae Heer Eoin]]. [[Coadan:SilentValley.jpg|thumb|left|[[Doour Ghleann an Chiúnais]], [[Coontae yn Doon]].]] Cha nel ny coondaeghyn shen ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh nish, ansherbee; ayns nyn ynnydyn, ta Nerin Hwoaie rheynnit magh ayns shey [[Slystyn Nerin Hwoaie|slystyn]] as feed, as rheaymyssaghtyn çheer-oaylleeagh anchasley oc, eer ec ny coondaeghyn as enmyn ny slystyn çheet magh assdaue. Ta [[Coonseil Slystagh 'er Managh]] goll eiyrt er joaraghyn y choontae tradishoonagh son y chooid. Er y laue elley, ta [[Coonseil Slystagh Chooil Rhennee]] çheet magh ass ennym y valley Cooill Rhennee ayns Coontae Ghoirrey. [[Coadan:Lower lough erne.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Logh Éirne Heese, [[Coontae 'er Managh]]]] Ga nagh vel ny coondaeghyn ymmydit ry hoi cooishyn reiltyssagh, t'ad tannaghtyn myr cur sheese ennoil soiaghey buill. T'ad ymmydit dy h-oikoil da sleih as ad shirrey [[kied troailt Yernagh]], as y çheer ruggyree ry-laccal ayn. Ta ennym y choontae ry-akin ayns [[Yernish]] as [[Baarle]] er duillag fysseree yn chied troailt, ayns cosoylaght rish y valley ny ard-valley ruggyree ayns kied troailt y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta [[Commyn Roortaghys Gaeil]] goaill ymmyd jeh ny coondaeghyn tradishoonagh myr preeu-aght reagheydys as ta fwirranyn reihdagh as dagh [[coontae yn CRG]] glackit. Ta ny joaraghyn coontae foast ry-akin er caslyssyn çheerey yn Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland as ayns ny h-atlassyn Phillips Street Atlases. Lesh tuittym ymmyd oikoil, dy mennick ta mestid ayn mychione baljyn as ard-valjyn ta nyn lhie faggys da joaraghyn coontae, lheid as [[Beeal Feirshtey]] as [[Lis ny Garvagh]], quoi ta rheynnit eddyr coondaeghyn y Doon as Aontrym (ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n daa valley ny lhie ayns Coontae Aontrym, ansherbee). [[Coadan:City Hall Belfast Queen Victoria.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Halley Ard-valjey Veeal Feirshtey]] ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Nerin Hwoaie| ]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Nerin Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Reill thie ayns Nerin]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 2 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1921]] [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie 'sy vlein 1921| ]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh hene-reiltagh 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Thallooyn harrish mooir co-ayrnagh]] {{Coord|54.61|N|6.62|W|type:country_region:GB-NIR|display=title}} olg1yv2w9ok3nztq8bmjc5d8ix7ipgn 0 29384 380245 379813 2026-05-26T22:58:55Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 380245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ennym iddaalagh}} [[Coadan:Arabella Fermor.jpg|thumb|upright=1.08|[[Arabella Fermor]], prent voish y 19oo eash jeant ass cochaslys jee lesh y [[Peter Lely|Reejerey Peter Lely]]]] She [[skeeal-ghaan]] [[far-eniaghtagh]] eh '''''The Rape of the Lock''''', er ny screeu lesh [[Alexander Pope]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/9800/9800-h/9800-h.htm |title=Gutenberg text online |accessdate=20 Jerrey Geuree 2022 |archivedate=2 Sauin 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102043202/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/9800/9800-h/9800-h.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> She fer jeh ny sampleyryn smoo symnit jeh'n [[craidaght|ard-chraidaght]] t'ayn. V'eh soilshit magh da'n chied cheayrt dy neuennymagh ayns ''Miscellaneous Poems and Translations'' (Boaldyn 1712) liorish Lintot ayns daa [[rheynn daan liauyr|rheynn]] (334 linnaghyn). Haink y lhieggan lhiassit "Written by Mr. Pope" magh ny yei ayns Mee Vayrnt 1714 myr lhieggan queig rheynnyn (794 linnaghyn) goll rish shey grainnaghyn. Ren Pope boggys dy ren eh creck ny smoo na tree thousane dy choipyn 'sy chied chiare laaghyn.<ref>Sherburn, G., Eed. ''Correspondence of Alexander Pope'', Oxford University Press, 1956, I, 201.</ref> Haink y lhieggan jerrinagh jeh'n daan magh ayns 1717 goll rish oraid Clarissa bentyn rish gien mie. Va'n daan çhyndaait as chur eh dy mooar rish ennoilid yn ar-enightagh 'syn Oarpey. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3695-w0010.shtml ''The Rape of the Lock''] ec yn [http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/ Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190920211702/https://cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides2/Pope.html ''The Rape of the Lock'': Stiurag Studeyrys marish Slane Teks as Noteyn Soilshee Cruinn] {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rape of the Lock, The}} [[Ronney:Skeeal-ghaanyn]] [[Ronney:Arrishyn lettyragh]] [[Ronney:Daaneyn veih'n vlein 1712]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn lesh Alexander Pope]] [[Ronney:Noaskeealyn roman à clef]] [[Ronney:Daanyn far-eniaghtagh 'sy Vaarle]] sy3piyy0mi5y1o4p381z4tdz21yw0os 0 30070 380237 325104 2026-05-26T12:43:05Z ~2026-31488-05 23373 /* */ 380237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys sheshaght |caslys-çheerey = European_Economic_Community_(orthographic_projection).svg |coadan-sheean_anthym = Anthem of Europe (US Navy instrumental short version).ogg |sorçh = [[Unnaneys tarmaynagh]] |kione-cherroo = {{Ubl|[[Lucsemburg (caayr)|Lucsemburg]]|[[Strasbourg]]|[[Yn Vrussyl|Y Vrussyl]]}} |çhengey = {{Ubl|[[Baarle]]|[[Danvargish]]|[[Frangish]]|[[Germaanish]]|[[Greagish]]|[[Iddaalish]]|[[Ollanish]]|[[Portiugish]]|[[Spaainish]]}} |olteynys = {{Ubl|[[Yn Çheer Injil|Y Çheer Injil]]|[[Yn Danvarg|Y Danvarg]]|[[Yn Ghermaan|Y Ghermaan]]|[[Yn Ghreag|Y Ghreag]]|[[Yn Iddaal]]|[[Lucsemburg]]|[[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]]|[[Yn Phortiugal|Y Phortiugal]]|[[Yn Rank|Y Rank]]|[[Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]|[[Yn Spaainey|Y Spaainey]]|[[Yn Velg|Y Velg]]}} |date_bunneeaght = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1958 ([[Conaant y Raue]]) |date_jee-vunneeaght = {{Ubl|1 Sauin 1993 (goit fo currym [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]])|1 Nollick 2009 (scryssit dy formoil)}} }} She [[reagheydys ardjynagh]] va'n '''Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh''' ('''BTO''' ny '''EEC''', voish ''European Economic Community'' y Vaarle). V'eh crooit liorish [[Conaant y Raue]] ayns 1957, dy chur [[çhooraght harmaynagh]] mastey ny h-olteynyn er oaie. Ny s'anmey, v'eh aaenmyssit myr y '''Boodeeys Oarpagh''' ('''BO''' ny '''EC''') lurg v'eh co-hymit stiagh 'sy chied cholloo jeh'n [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]] (UO) noa-chrooit ayns 1993. 'Sy ghlare chadjin, va'm ''Boodeeys Oarpagh'' ymmydit dy meechruinn ayns keeall lheeadagh ''[[ny Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh]]'', dyn bwooise da val yn enmyssey jerrinagh coodaghey dagh fer jeh ny tree co-unnidyn 'sy chied cholloo.<ref name="singular">{{unordered list|{{cite web |title=Y Boodeeys Oarpagh |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-364013.html |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |quote=The term also commonly refers to the 'European Communities', which comprise&nbsp;... ("Ta'n enmys çheet dy mennick er 'ny Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh', ta jeant ass&nbsp;...")|accessdate=30 Jerrey Geuree 2009}}|{{cite web |title=Introduction to EU Publications |publisher=Ollooscoill Exeter |work=Guide to European Union Publications at the EDC |url=http://library.exeter.ac.uk/guides/libraries/edcguide.html |quote=The European Community originally consisted of three separate Communities founded by treaty&nbsp;... ("Va'n Boodeeys Oarpagh jeant hoshiaght ass tree Boodeeyssyn er lheh va bunnit rere conaant&nbsp;...")|accessdate=30 Jerrey Geuree 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070924171113/http://www.library.exeter.ac.uk/guides/libraries/edcguide.html |archivedate=24 Mean Fouyir 2007 |url-status=dead}}|{{cite web |title=Glossary of The European Union and European Communities |author=Derek Urwin, Ollooscoill Aberdon |url=http://www.uta.fi/FAST/GC/eurgloss.html |quote=European Community (EC). The often used singular of the European Communities. ("Y Boodeeys Oarpagh (EC). Y lhieggan unnaneagh ta ymmydit dy mennick da ny Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh") |accessdate=30 Jerrey Geuree 2009}}}}</ref> Ayns 2009, haink jerrey oikoil rish yn EC as va e undinyssyn sooit stiagh 'syn UO dy jeeragh. Ren eh shoh undinys eiyrtyssagh formoil y Voodeeys jeh'n Unnaneys. Hoshiaght, va'n Boodeeys shirrey çhooraght harmaynagh y chur er oaie, goaill stiagh [[margey singyl]] as [[unnaneys custym]], mastey ny [[Yn Shey Sthie|shey bun-olteynyn]]: [[Yn Çheer Injil|y Çheer Injil]], [[Yn Ghermaan Heear|y Ghermaan Heear]], [[yn Iddaal]], [[Lucsemburg]], [[Yn Rank|y Rank]], as [[Yn Velg|y Velg]]. Hooar eh co-phossan d'[[Undinyssyn yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|undinyssyn]] chammah's [[yn Boodeeys Oarpagh da Geayl as Staillin]] (ECSC) as [[Euratom|yn Boodeeys Oarpagh da Bree Çheshveanagh]] (EURATOM) myr nane jeh [[ny Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh]] fo'n [[Yn Conaant Covestey|Chonaant Covestey]] ayns 1965 (Conaant y Vrussyl). Ayns 1993 va margey singyl feddynit, va enmyssit [[margey singyl yn Oarpey|y margey sthie]], lhig da seyr-ghleashaght cooid, bun-argid, shirveishyn, as deiney çheusthie jeh'n EEC. Ayns 1994 strughtoor y vargey sthie formoilit trooid conaant yn EEA. Ren y conaant shen sheeyney yn margey sthie dy ghoaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh olteynyn y [[Co-heshaght Dellal Seyr Oarpagh|Cho-heshaght Dellal Seyr Oarpagh]], jannoo [[yn Ard Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]], ta coodaghey 15 çheeraghyn. Lurg cur ayns bree [[Conaant Maastricht|Chonaant Maastricht]] ayns 1993, va'n EEC aaenmyssit myr '''yn Boodeeys Oarpagh''' dy hoilshaghey magh dy row eh coodaghey ny smoo na polasee tarmaynagh. Haghyr shoh tra va ny tree Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh, goaill stiagh yn EC, co-yeant dy yannoo yn chied cholloo jeh [[tree collooyn yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|ny tree collooyn jeh'n Unnaneys Oarpagh]] va bunnit liorish y chonaant chammah. Hannee yn EC ayn 'sy chummey shen derrey laa e scryssee rere [[Conaant Lisbon]] ayns 2009, chur undinyssyn yn EC stiagh ayns crauelagh lheeadagh yn UO as chur sheese dy vees yn UO "çheet stiagh ayns ynnyd, m as geiyrt er, yn Boodeeys".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-%20list?module=declarations-by-treaty&numSte=050&codeNature=0| title=Communication contained in a Note verbale from the Council of the European Union and the Commission of the European Communities, dated 27 November 2009, registered at the Secretariat General on 30 November 2009 |accessdate = 10 Nollick 2023 |language=Baarle | work=Coonseil yn Oarpey}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn maghs== {{Commons category|European Economic Community|Yn Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh}} * [https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parliament-and-europe/overview/britain-and-eec-to-single-european-act/ EEC er ynnyd-eggey Pharlamaid yn RU] * [http://europa.eu/index_en.htm ynnyd-eggey yn Unnaneys Oarpagh] * [http://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/ Docamadyn] y Voodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh ec [http://www.eui.eu/Research/HistoricalArchivesOfEU/Index.aspx Tashtlann Henndeeagh yn UO] ayns Firenze * [http://www.cvce.eu/obj/treaty_establishing_the_european_economic_community_rome_25_march_1957-en-cca6ba28-0bf3-4ce6-8a76-6b0b3252696e.html Y conaant chur yn Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh er bun] er ynnyd-eggey CVCE * [http://www.cvce.eu/recherche/unit-content/-/unit/3cb9e142-6ac4-4184-8794-fc3cf619cf33 Shennaghhys Chonaantyn y Raue] er ynnyd-eggey CVCE * [https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/history_en Shennaghys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh}} [[Ronney:Yn Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh| ]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn bunnit ayns 1958]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn jee-vunnit ayns 1993]] [[Ronney:Aa-reagheydyssyn eddyr-ashoonagh]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1958]] [[Ronney:Jee-vunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1993]] 39b36yrvyzjelm4ukm7rag0sasy0y10 380242 380237 2026-05-26T12:56:21Z MacTire02 219 lettyraghey 380242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys sheshaght |caslys-çheerey = European_Economic_Community_(orthographic_projection).svg |coadan-sheean_anthym = Anthem of Europe (US Navy instrumental short version).ogg |sorçh = [[Unnaneys tarmaynagh]] |kione-cherroo = {{Ubl|[[Lucsemburg (caayr)|Lucsemburg]]|[[Strasbourg]]|[[Yn Vrussyl|Y Vrussyl]]}} |çhengey = {{Ubl|[[Baarle]]|[[Danvargish]]|[[Frangish]]|[[Germaanish]]|[[Greagish]]|[[Iddaalish]]|[[Ollanish]]|[[Portiugish]]|[[Spaainish]]}} |olteynys = {{Ubl|[[Yn Çheer Injil|Y Çheer Injil]]|[[Yn Danvarg|Y Danvarg]]|[[Yn Ghermaan|Y Ghermaan]]|[[Yn Ghreag|Y Ghreag]]|[[Yn Iddaal]]|[[Lucsemburg]]|[[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]]|[[Yn Phortiugal|Y Phortiugal]]|[[Yn Rank|Y Rank]]|[[Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]|[[Yn Spaainey|Y Spaainey]]|[[Yn Velg|Y Velg]]}} |date_bunneeaght = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1958 ([[Conaant y Raue]]) |date_jee-vunneeaght = {{Ubl|1 Sauin 1993 (goit fo currym [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]])|1 Nollick 2009 (scryssit dy formoil)}} }} She [[reagheydys ardjynagh]] va'n '''Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh''' ('''BTO''' ny '''EEC''', voish ''European Economic Community'' y Vaarle). V'eh crooit liorish [[Conaant y Raue]] ayns 1957, dy chur [[çhooraght harmaynagh]] mastey ny h-olteynyn er oaie. Ny s'anmey, v'eh aaenmyssit myr y '''Boodeeys Oarpagh''' ('''BO''' ny '''EC''') lurg v'eh co-hymit stiagh 'sy chied cholloo jeh'n [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]] (UO) noa-chrooit ayns 1993. 'Sy ghlare chadjin, va'm ''Boodeeys Oarpagh'' ymmydit dy meechruinn ayns keeall lheeadagh ''[[ny Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh]]'', dyn bwooise da val yn enmyssey jerrinagh coodaghey dagh fer jeh ny tree co-unnidyn 'sy chied cholloo.<ref name="singular">{{unordered list|{{cite web |title=Y Boodeeys Oarpagh |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-364013.html |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |quote=The term also commonly refers to the 'European Communities', which comprise&nbsp;... ("Ta'n enmys çheet dy mennick er 'ny Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh', ta jeant ass&nbsp;...")|accessdate=30 Jerrey Geuree 2009}}|{{cite web |title=Introduction to EU Publications |publisher=Ollooscoill Exeter |work=Guide to European Union Publications at the EDC |url=http://library.exeter.ac.uk/guides/libraries/edcguide.html |quote=The European Community originally consisted of three separate Communities founded by treaty&nbsp;... ("Va'n Boodeeys Oarpagh jeant hoshiaght ass tree Boodeeyssyn er lheh va bunnit rere conaant&nbsp;...")|accessdate=30 Jerrey Geuree 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070924171113/http://www.library.exeter.ac.uk/guides/libraries/edcguide.html |archivedate=24 Mean Fouyir 2007 |url-status=dead}}|{{cite web |title=Glossary of The European Union and European Communities |author=Derek Urwin, Ollooscoill Aberdon |url=http://www.uta.fi/FAST/GC/eurgloss.html |quote=European Community (EC). The often used singular of the European Communities. ("Y Boodeeys Oarpagh (EC). Y lhieggan unnaneagh ta ymmydit dy mennick da ny Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh") |accessdate=30 Jerrey Geuree 2009}}}}</ref> Ayns 2009, haink jerrey oikoil rish yn EC as va e undinyssyn sooit stiagh 'syn UO dy jeeragh. Ren eh shoh undinys eiyrtyssagh formoil y Voodeeys jeh'n Unnaneys. Hoshiaght, va'n Boodeeys shirrey çhooraght harmaynagh y chur er oaie, goaill stiagh [[margey singyl]] as [[unnaneys custym]], mastey ny [[Yn Shey Sthie|shey bun-olteynyn]]: [[Yn Çheer Injil|y Çheer Injil]], [[Yn Ghermaan Heear|y Ghermaan Heear]], [[yn Iddaal]], [[Lucsemburg]], [[Yn Rank|y Rank]], as [[Yn Velg|y Velg]]. Hooar eh co-phossan d'[[Undinyssyn yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|undinyssyn]] chammah's [[yn Boodeeys Oarpagh da Geayl as Staillin]] (ECSC) as [[Euratom|yn Boodeeys Oarpagh da Bree Çheshveanagh]] (EURATOM) myr nane jeh [[ny Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh]] fo'n [[Yn Conaant Covestey|Chonaant Covestey]] ayns 1965 (Conaant y Vrussyl). Ayns 1993 va margey singyl feddynit, va enmyssit [[margey singyl yn Oarpey|y margey sthie]], lhig da seyr-ghleashaght cooid, bun-argid, shirveishyn, as deiney çheusthie jeh'n EEC. Ayns 1994 strughtoor y vargey sthie formoilit trooid conaant yn EEA. Ren y conaant shen sheeyney yn margey sthie dy ghoaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh olteynyn y [[Co-heshaght Dellal Seyr Oarpagh|Cho-heshaght Dellal Seyr Oarpagh]], jannoo [[yn Ard Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]], ta coodaghey 15 çheeraghyn. Lurg cur ayns bree [[Conaant Maastricht|Chonaant Maastricht]] ayns 1993, va'n EEC aaenmyssit myr '''yn Boodeeys Oarpagh''' dy hoilshaghey magh dy row eh coodaghey ny smoo na polasee tarmaynagh. Haghyr shoh tra va ny tree Boodeeyssyn Oarpagh, goaill stiagh yn EC, co-yeant dy yannoo yn chied cholloo jeh [[tree collooyn yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|ny tree collooyn jeh'n Unnaneys Oarpagh]] va bunnit liorish y chonaant chammah. Hannee yn EC ayn 'sy chummey shen derrey laa e scryssee rere [[Conaant Lisbon]] ayns 2009, chur undinyssyn yn EC stiagh ayns crauelagh lheeadagh yn UO as chur sheese dy vees yn UO "çheet stiagh ayns ynnyd, as geiyrt er, yn Boodeeys".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-%20list?module=declarations-by-treaty&numSte=050&codeNature=0| title=Communication contained in a Note verbale from the Council of the European Union and the Commission of the European Communities, dated 27 November 2009, registered at the Secretariat General on 30 November 2009 |accessdate = 10 Nollick 2023 |language=Baarle | work=Coonseil yn Oarpey}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn maghs== {{Commons category|European Economic Community|Yn Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh}} * [https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parliament-and-europe/overview/britain-and-eec-to-single-european-act/ EEC er ynnyd-eggey Pharlamaid yn RU] * [http://europa.eu/index_en.htm ynnyd-eggey yn Unnaneys Oarpagh] * [http://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/ Docamadyn] y Voodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh ec [http://www.eui.eu/Research/HistoricalArchivesOfEU/Index.aspx Tashtlann Henndeeagh yn UO] ayns Firenze * [http://www.cvce.eu/obj/treaty_establishing_the_european_economic_community_rome_25_march_1957-en-cca6ba28-0bf3-4ce6-8a76-6b0b3252696e.html Y conaant chur yn Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh er bun] er ynnyd-eggey CVCE * [http://www.cvce.eu/recherche/unit-content/-/unit/3cb9e142-6ac4-4184-8794-fc3cf619cf33 Shennaghhys Chonaantyn y Raue] er ynnyd-eggey CVCE * [https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/history_en Shennaghys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh}} [[Ronney:Yn Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh| ]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn bunnit ayns 1958]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn jee-vunnit ayns 1993]] [[Ronney:Aa-reagheydyssyn eddyr-ashoonagh]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1958]] [[Ronney:Jee-vunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1993]] ex16yr5rr0smg5rkmxw0rykawbr5wj9 14 35753 380239 343157 2026-05-26T12:53:53Z MacTire02 219 ++ 380239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{category series navigation}} {{Commons category|Music in the 21st century|Kiaull 'sy 21d eash}} [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn 'sy 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Kiaull rere eash|21]] [[Ronney:21d eash]] cabd4t20br1dr8d6kliwweltn5r7ctu 828 36546 380243 380218 2026-05-26T13:14:24Z MacTire02 219 ++ 380243 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local horizontal = require('Module:List').horizontal local rtarget = require('Module:Resolve category redirect').rtarget --[[==========================================================================]] --[[ Globals ]] --[[==========================================================================]] local currtitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local nexistingcats = 0 local errors = '' local testcasecolon = '' local testcases = string.match(currtitle.subpageText, '^testcases') if testcases then testcasecolon = ':' end local navborder = true local followRs = true local skipgaps = false local skipgaps_limit = 50 local term_limit = 10 local hgap_limit = 6 local ygap_limit = 5 local listall = false local tlistall = {} local tlistallbwd = {} local tlistallfwd = {} local ttrackingcats = { --when reindexing, Ctrl+H 'trackcat(13,' & 'ttrackingcats[16]' '', -- [1] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation using cat parameter]] '', -- [2] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation using testcase parameter]] '', -- [3] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation using unknown parameter]] '', -- [4] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range not using en dash]] '', -- [5] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range abbreviated (MOS)]] '', -- [6] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (base change)]] '', -- [7] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (var change)]] '', -- [8] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (end)]] '', -- [9] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (MOS)]] '', --[10] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (other)]] '', --[11] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range gaps]] '', --[12] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range irregular]] '', --[13] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length]] '', --[14] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range ends (present)]] '', --[15] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range ends (blank, MOS)]] '', --[16] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation isolated]] '', --[17] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation default season gap size]] '', --[18] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation decade redirected]] '', --[19] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year redirected (base change)]] '', --[20] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year redirected (var change)]] '', --[21] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year redirected (other)]] '', --[22] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation roman numeral redirected]] '', --[23] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation nordinal redirected]] '', --[24] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation wordinal redirected]] '', --[25] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation TV season redirected]] '', --[26] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation using skip-gaps parameter]] '', --[27] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year and range]] '', --[28] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year and decade]] '', --[29] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation decade and century]] '', --[30] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation in mainspace]] '', --[31] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation redirection error]] } local avoidself = (not string.match(currtitle.text, 'Category series navigation with') and not string.match(currtitle.text, 'Category series navigation.*/doc') and not string.match(currtitle.text, 'Category series navigation.*/sandbox') and currtitle.text ~= 'Category series navigation' and currtitle.nsText:gsub('_', ' ') ~= 'User talk' and -- [[phab:T369784]] currtitle.nsText:gsub('_', ' ') ~= 'Template talk' and (currtitle.nsText ~= 'Template' or testcases)) --avoid nested transclusion errors (i.e. {{Infilmdecade}}) --[[==========================================================================]] --[[ Utility & category functions ]] --[[==========================================================================]] --Determine if a category exists (in a function for easier localization). local function catexists( title ) return mw.title.new( title, 'Category' ).exists end --Error message handling. function p.errorclass( msg ) return mw.text.tag( 'span', {class='error mw-ext-cite-error'}, '<b>Error!</b> '..string.gsub(msg, '&#', '&amp;#') ) end --Failure handling. function p.failedcat( errors, sortkey ) if avoidself then return (errors or '')..'&#42;&#42;&#42;Category series navigation failed to generate navbox***'.. '[['..testcasecolon..'Category:Category series navigation failed to generate navbox|'..(sortkey or 'O')..']]\n' end return '' end --Tracking cat handling. -- key: 15 (when reindexing ttrackingcats{}, Ctrl+H 'trackcat(13,' & 'ttrackingcats[16]') -- cat: 'Category series navigation isolated'; '' to remove --Used by main, all nav_*(), & several utility functions. local function trackcat( key, cat ) if avoidself and key and cat then if cat ~= '' then ttrackingcats[key] = '[['..testcasecolon..'Category:'..cat..']]' else ttrackingcats[key] = '' end end return end --Check for unknown parameters. --Used by main only. local function checkforunknownparams( tbl ) local knownparams = { --parameter whitelist ['min'] = 'min', ['max'] = 'max', ['cat'] = 'cat', ['show'] = 'show', ['testcase'] = 'testcase', ['testcasegap'] = 'testcasegap', ['skip-gaps'] = 'skip-gaps', ['list-all-links'] = 'list-all-links', ['follow-redirects'] = 'follow-redirects', } for k, _ in pairs (tbl) do if knownparams[k] == nil then trackcat(3, 'Category series navigation using unknown parameter') break end end end --Check for nav_*() navigational isolation (not necessarily an error). --Used by all nav_*(). local function isolatedcat() if nexistingcats == 0 then trackcat(16, 'Category series navigation isolated') end end --Similar to {{LinkCatIfExists2}}: make a piped link to a category, if it exists; --if it doesn't exist, just display the greyed link title without linking. --Follows {{Category redirect}}s. --Returns { -- ['cat'] = cat, -- ['catexists'] = true, -- ['rtarget'] = <#R target>, -- ['navelement'] = <#R target navelement>, -- ['displaytext'] = displaytext, -- } -- if #R followed; --returns { -- ['cat'] = cat, -- ['catexists'] = <true|false>, -- ['rtarget'] = nil, -- ['navelement'] = <cat navelement>, -- ['displaytext'] = displaytext, -- } -- otherwise. --Used by all nav_*(). local function catlinkfollowr( frame, cat, displaytext, displayend, listoverride ) cat = mw.text.trim(cat or '') displaytext = mw.text.trim(displaytext or '') displayend = displayend or false --bool flag to override displaytext IIF the cat/target is terminal (e.g. "2021–present" or "2021–") local disp = cat if displaytext ~= '' then --use 'displaytext' parameter if present disp = mw.ustring.gsub(displaytext, '%s+%(.+$', ''); --strip any trailing disambiguator end local link, nilorR local exists = catexists(cat) if exists then nexistingcats = nexistingcats + 1 if followRs then local R = rtarget(cat, frame) --find & follow #R if R ~= cat then --#R followed nilorR = R end if displayend then local y, hyph, ending = mw.ustring.match(R, '^.-(%d+)([–-])(.*)$') if ending == 'present' then disp = y..hyph..ending elseif ending == '' then disp = y..hyph..'<span style="visibility:hidden">'..y..'</span>' --hidden y to match spacing end end link = '[[:Category:'..R..'|'..disp..']]' else link = '[[:Category:'..cat..'|'..disp..']]' end else link = '<span class="categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive">'..disp..'</span>' end if listall and listoverride == nil then if nilorR then --#R followed table.insert( tlistall, '[[:Category:'..cat..']] → '..'[[:Category:'..nilorR..']] ('..link..')' ) else --no #R table.insert( tlistall, '[[:Category:'..cat..']] ('..link..')' ) end end return { ['cat'] = cat, ['catexists'] = exists, ['rtarget'] = nilorR, ['navelement'] = link, ['displaytext'] = disp, } end --Returns a numbered list of all {{Category redirect}}s followed by catlinkfollowr() -> rtarget(). --For a nav_hyphen() cat, also returns a formatted list of all cats searched for & found, & all loop indices. --Used by all nav_*(). local function listalllinks() local nl = '\n# ' local out = '' if currtitle.nsText == 'Category' then errors = p.errorclass('The <b><code>|list-all-links=yes</code></b> parameter/utility '.. 'should not be saved in category space, only previewed.') out = p.failedcat(errors, 'Z') end local bwd, fwd = '', '' if tlistallbwd[1] then bwd = '\n\nbackward search:'..nl..table.concat(tlistallbwd, nl) end if tlistallfwd[1] then fwd = '\n\nforward search:'..nl..table.concat(tlistallfwd, nl) end if tlistall[1] then return out..nl..table.concat(tlistall, nl)..bwd..fwd else return out..nl..'No links found!?'..bwd..fwd end end --Returns the difference b/w 2 ints separated by endash|hyphen, nil if error. --Used by nav_hyphen() only. local function find_duration( cat ) local from, to = mw.ustring.match(cat, '(%d+)[–-](%d+)') if from and to then if to == '00' then return nil end --doesn't follow MOS:DATERANGE if (#from == 4) and (#to == 2) then --1900-01 to = string.match(from, '(%d%d)%d%d')..to --1900-1901 elseif (#from == 2) and (#to == 4) then -- 01-1902 from = string.match(to, '(%d%d)%d%d')..from --1901-1902 end return (tonumber(to) - tonumber(from)) end return 0 end --Returns the ending of a terminal cat, and sets the appropriate tracking cat, else nil. --Used by nav_hyphen() only. local function find_terminaltxt( cat ) local terminaltxt = nil if mw.ustring.match(cat, '%d+[–-]present$') then terminaltxt = 'present' trackcat(14, 'Category series navigation range ends (present)') elseif mw.ustring.match(cat, '%d+[–-]$') then terminaltxt = '' trackcat(15, 'Category series navigation range ends (blank, MOS)') end return terminaltxt end --Returns an unsigned string of the 1-4 digit decade ending in "0", else nil. --Used by nav_decade() only. local function sterilizedec( decade ) if decade == nil or decade == '' then return nil end local dec = string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d?%d?%d?0)$') or string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d?%d?%d?0)%D') if dec then return dec else --fix 2-4 digit decade local decade_fixed234 = string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d%d?%d?)%d$') or string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d%d?%d?)%d%D') if decade_fixed234 then return decade_fixed234..'0' end --fix 1-digit decade local decade_fixed1 = string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d)$') or string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d)%D') if decade_fixed1 then return '0' end --unfixable return nil end end --Check for nav_hyphen default gap size + isolatedcat() (not necessarily an error). --Used by nav_hyphen() only. local function defaultgapcat( bool ) if bool and nexistingcats == 0 then --using "nexistingcats > 0" isn't as useful, since the default gap size obviously worked trackcat(17, 'Category series navigation default season gap size') end end --12 -> 12h, etc. --Used by nav_nordinal() & nav_wordinal(). function p.addord( i ) if tonumber(i) then local s = tostring(i) local n = tonumber(i) local ones = n % 10 if ones == 1 then return s .. 'd' elseif ones == 2 then return s .. 'h' else return s .. 'oo' end end return i end --Returns the properly formatted central nav element. --Expects an integer i, and a catlinkfollowr() table. --Used by nav_decade() & nav_ordinal() only. local function navcenter( i, catlink ) if i == 0 then --center nav element if navborder == true then return '<b>'..catlink.displaytext..'</b>' else return '<b>'..catlink.navelement..'</b>' end else return catlink.navelement end end --Wrap one or two navs in a <div> with ARIA attributes; add TemplateStyles --before it. This also aligns the navs in case some floating element (like a --portal box) breaks their alignment. --Used by main only. local function wrap( nav1, nav2 ) local templatestyles = require("Module:TemplateStyles")( "Module:Category series navigation/styles.css" ) local prepare = function (nav) if nav then nav = '\n'..nav else nav = '' end return nav end return templatestyles.. '<div class="categorySeriesNavigation" role="navigation" aria-label="Range">'.. prepare(nav1)..prepare(nav2).. '\n</div>' end --[[==========================================================================]] --[[ Formerly separated templates/modules ]] --[[==========================================================================]] --[[==========================={{ nav_hyphen }}=============================]] local function nav_hyphen( frame, start, hyph, finish, firstpart, lastpart, minseas, maxseas, testgap ) --Expects a PAGENAME of the form "Some sequential 2015–16 example cat", where -- start = 2015 -- hyph = – -- finish = 16 (sequential years can be abbreviated, but others should be full year, e.g. "2001–2005") -- firstpart = Some sequential -- lastpart = example cat -- minseas = 1800 ('min' starting season shown; optional; defaults to -9999) -- maxseas = 2000 ('max' starting season shown; optional; defaults to 9999; 2000 will show 2000-01) -- testgap = 0 (testcasegap parameter for easier testing; optional) --sterilize start if string.match(start or '', '^%d%d?%d?%d?$') == nil then --1-4 digits, AD only local start_fixed = mw.ustring.match(start or '', '^%s*(%d%d?%d?%d?)%D') if start_fixed then start = start_fixed else errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_hyphen can\'t recognize the number "'..(start or '')..'" '.. 'in the first part of the "season" that was passed to it. '.. 'For e.g. "2015–16", "2015" is expected via "|2015|–|16|".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'H') end end local nstart = tonumber(start) --en dash check if hyph ~= '–' then trackcat(4, 'Category series navigation range not using en dash') --nav still processable, but track end --sterilize finish & check for weird parents local tgaps = {} --table of gap sizes found b/w terms { [<gap size found>] = 1 } for -3 <= j <= 3 local tgapsj4 = {} --table of gap sizes found b/w terms { [<gap size found>] = 1 } for j = { -4, 4 } local ttlens = {} --table of term lengths found w/i terms { [<term length found>] = 1 } local tirregs = {} --table of ir/regular-term-length cats' "from"s & "to"s found local regularparent = true if (finish == -1) or --"Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–present" (finish == 0) --"Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–" then regularparent = false if maxseas == nil or maxseas == '' then maxseas = start --hide subsequent ranges end if finish == -1 then trackcat(14, 'Category series navigation range ends (present)') else trackcat(15, 'Category series navigation range ends (blank, MOS)') end elseif (start == finish) and (ttrackingcats[16] ~= '') --nav_year found isolated; check for surrounding hyphenated terms (e.g. UK MPs 1974) then trackcat(16, '') --reset for another check later trackcat(13, 'Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length') ttlens[0] = 1 --calc ttlens for std cases below regularparent = 'isolated' end if (string.match(finish or '', '^%d+$') == nil) and (string.match(finish or '', '^%-%d+$') == nil) then local finish_fixed = mw.ustring.match(finish or '', '^%s*(%d%d?%d?%d?)%D') if finish_fixed then finish = finish_fixed else errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_hyphen can\'t recognize "'..(finish or '')..'" '.. 'in the second part of the "season" that was passed to it. '.. 'For e.g. "2015–16", "16" is expected via "|2015|–|16|".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'I') end else if string.len(finish) >= 5 then errors = p.errorclass('The second part of the season passed to function nav_hyphen should only be four or fewer digits, not "'..(finish or '')..'". '.. 'See [[MOS:DATERANGE]] for details.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'J') end end local nfinish = tonumber(finish) --save sterilized parent range for easier lookup later tirregs['from0'] = nstart tirregs['to0'] = nfinish --sterilize min/max local nminseas_default = -9999 local nmaxseas_default = 9999 local nminseas = tonumber(minseas) or nminseas_default --same behavior as nav_year local nmaxseas = tonumber(maxseas) or nmaxseas_default --same behavior as nav_year if nminseas > nstart then nminseas = nstart end if nmaxseas < nstart then nmaxseas = nstart end local lspace = ' ' --assume a leading space (most common) local tspace = ' ' --assume a trailing space (most common) if string.match(firstpart, '%($') then lspace = '' end --DNE for "Madrid city councillors (2007–2011)"-type cats if string.match(lastpart, '^%)') then tspace = '' end --DNE for "Madrid city councillors (2007–2011)"-type cats --calculate term length/intRAseason size & finishing year local t = 1 while t <= term_limit and regularparent == true do local nish = nstart + t --use switchADBC to flip this sign to work for years BC, if/when the time comes if (nish == nfinish) or (string.match(nish, '%d?%d$') == finish) then ttlens[t] = 1 break end if t == term_limit then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_hyphen can\'t determine a reasonable term length for "'..start..hyph..finish..'".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'K') end t = t + 1 end --apply MOS:DATERANGE to parent local lenstart = string.len(start) local lenfinish = string.len(finish) if lenstart == 4 and regularparent == true then --"2001–..." if t == 1 then --"2001–02" & "2001–2002" both allowed if lenfinish ~= 2 and lenfinish ~= 4 then errors = p.errorclass('The second part of the season passed to function nav_hyphen should be two or four digits, not "'..finish..'".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'L') end else --"2001–2005" is required for t > 1; track "2001–05"; anything else = error if lenfinish == 2 then trackcat(5, 'Category series navigation range abbreviated (MOS)') elseif lenfinish ~= 4 then errors = p.errorclass('The second part of the season passed to function nav_hyphen should be four digits, not "'..finish..'".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'M') end end if finish == '00' then --full year required regardless of term length trackcat(5, 'Category series navigation range abbreviated (MOS)') end end --calculate intERseason gap size local hgap_default = 0 --assume & start at the most common case: 2001–02 -> 2002–03, etc. local hgap_limit_reg = hgap_limit --less expensive per-increment (inc x 4) local hgap_limit_irreg = hgap_limit --more expensive per-increment (inc x 23 = inc x (k_bwd + k_fwd) = inc x (12 + 11)) local hgap_success = false local hgap = hgap_default while hgap <= hgap_limit_reg and regularparent == true do --verify local prevseason2 = firstpart..lspace..(nstart-t-hgap)..hyph..string.match(nstart-hgap, '%d?%d$') ..tspace..lastpart local nextseason2 = firstpart..lspace..(nstart+t+hgap)..hyph..string.match(nstart+2*t+hgap, '%d?%d$')..tspace..lastpart local prevseason4 = firstpart..lspace..(nstart-t-hgap)..hyph..(nstart-hgap) ..tspace..lastpart local nextseason4 = firstpart..lspace..(nstart+t+hgap)..hyph..(nstart+2*t+hgap)..tspace..lastpart if t == 1 then --test abbreviated range first, then full range, to be frugal with expensive functions if catexists(prevseason2) or --use 'or', in case we're at the edge of the cat structure, catexists(nextseason2) or --or we hit a "–00"/"–2000" situation on one side catexists(prevseason4) or catexists(nextseason4) then hgap_success = true break end elseif t > 1 then --test full range first, then abbreviated range, to be frugal with expensive functions if catexists(prevseason4) or --use 'or', in case we're at the edge of the cat structure, catexists(nextseason4) or --or we hit a "–00"/"–2000" situation on one side catexists(prevseason2) or catexists(nextseason2) then hgap_success = true break end end hgap = hgap + 1 end if hgap_success == false then hgap = tonumber(testgap) or hgap_default --tracked via defaultgapcat() end --preliminary scan to determine ir/regular spacing of nearby cats; --to limit expensive function calls, MOS:DATERANGE-violating cats are ignored; --an irregular-term-length series should follow "YYYY..hyph..YYYY" throughout local jlimit = 4 --4-a-side if all YYYY-YY, 3-a-side if all YYYY-YYYY, with some threshold in between if hgap <= hgap_limit_reg then --also to isolate temp vars --find # of nav-visible ir/regular-term-length cats local bwanchor = nstart --backward anchor/common year local fwanchor = bwanchor + t --forward anchor/common year if regularparent == 'isolated' then fwanchor = bwanchor end local spangreen = '[<span style="color:green">j, g, k = ' --used for/when debugging via list-all-links=yes local spanblue = '<span style="color:blue">' local spanred = ' (<span style="color:red">' local span = '</span>' local lastg = nil --to check for run-on searches local lastk = nil --to check for run-on searches local endfound = false --switch used to stop searching forward local iirregs = 0 --index of tirregs[] for j < 0, since search starts from parent local j = -jlimit --index of tirregs[] for j > 0 & pseudo navh position while j <= jlimit do if j < 0 then --search backward from parent local gbreak = false --switch used to break out of g-loop local g = 0 --gap size while g <= hgap_limit_irreg do local k = 0 --term length: 0 = "0-length", 1+ = normal while k <= term_limit do local from = bwanchor - k - g local to = bwanchor - g local full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..from..hyph..to..tspace..lastpart ) if k == 0 then if regularparent ~= 'isolated' then --+restrict to g == 0 if repeating year problems arise to = '0-length' full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..from..tspace..lastpart ) if catlinkfollowr( frame, full ).rtarget ~= nil then --#R followed table.insert( tlistallbwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full..spanred..'#R ignored'..span..')' ) full, to = '', '' --don't use/follow 0-length cat #Rs from nav_hyphen(); otherwise gets messy end end end if (k >= 1) or --the normal case; only continue k = 0 if 0-length found (to == '0-length') --ghetto "continue" (thx Lua) to avoid expensive searches for "UK MPs 1974-1974", etc. then table.insert( tlistallbwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full ) if (k == 1) and -- (g == 0 or g == 1) and --commented to match j>0 case ("1995–96 in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia basketball") (catexists(full) == false) then --allow bare-bones MOS:DATERANGE alternation, in case we're on a 0|1-gap, 1-year term series local to2 = string.match(to, '%d%d$') if to2 and to2 ~= '00' then --and not at a century transition (i.e. 1999–2000) to = to2 full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..from..hyph..to..tspace..lastpart ) table.insert( tlistallbwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full ) end end if catexists(full) then if to == '0-length' then trackcat(13, 'Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length') end tlistallbwd[#tlistallbwd] = spanblue..tlistallbwd[#tlistallbwd]..span..' (found)' ttlens[ find_duration(full) ] = 1 if j == -1 then tgapsj4[g] = 1 -- -1 since bwd search starts from parent @ -4 and ends at -1 else tgaps[g] = 1 end iirregs = iirregs + 1 tirregs['from-'..iirregs] = from tirregs['to-'..iirregs] = to bwanchor = from --ratchet down if to ~= '0-length' then gbreak = true break else g = 0 --soft-reset g, to keep stepping thru k j = j + 1 --save, but keep searching thru k if j > 0 then --(restore "> 3" if acts up) lest we keep searching bwd & finding 0-length cats ("MEPs for the Republic of Ireland 1973" & down) j = -1 --allow a normal, full search fwd after break gbreak = true break end end elseif (j >= 0) and (lastg and lastk) and ((lastg >= hgap_limit_irreg) or (lastk >= term_limit)) then --bwd search exhausted and/or done (runaway bwd search on "2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship season") j = -1 --allow a normal, full search fwd after break gbreak = true break end end --ghetto "continue" k = k + 1 lastk = k end --while k <= term_limit do if gbreak == true then break end g = g + 1 lastg = g end --while g <= hgap_limit_irreg do end --if j < 0 if j > 0 and endfound == false then --search forward from parent local gbreak = false --switch used to break out of g-loop local g = 0 --gap size while g <= hgap_limit_irreg do local k = -2 --term length: -2 = "0-length", -1 = "2020–present", 0 = "2020–", 1+ = normal while k <= term_limit do local from = fwanchor + g local to4 = fwanchor + k + g --override carefully local to2 = nil --last 2 digits of to4, IIF exists if k == -1 then to4 = 'present' --see if end-cat exists (present) elseif k == 0 then to4 = '' end --see if end-cat exists (blank) local full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..from..hyph..to4..tspace..lastpart ) if k == -2 then if regularparent ~= 'isolated' then --+restrict to g == 0 if repeating year problems arise to4 = '0-length' --see if 0-length cat exists full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..from..tspace..lastpart ) if catlinkfollowr( frame, full ).rtarget ~= nil then --#R followed table.insert( tlistallfwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full..spanred..'#R ignored'..span..')' ) full, to4 = '', '' --don't use/follow 0-length cat #Rs from nav_hyphen(); otherwise gets messy end end end if (k >= -1) or --only continue k = -2 if 0-length found (to4 == '0-length') --ghetto "continue" (thx Lua) to avoid expensive searches for "UK MPs 1974-1974", etc. then table.insert( tlistallfwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full ) if (k == 1) and -- (g == 0 or g == 1) and --commented to let "2002–03 in Scottish women's football" find "2008–09 in Scottish women's football" (catexists(full) == false) then --allow bare-bones MOS:DATERANGE alternation, in case we're on a 0|1-gap, 1-year term series to2 = string.match(to4, '%d%d$') if to2 and to2 ~= '00' then --and not at a century transition (i.e. 1999–2000) full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..from..hyph..to2..tspace..lastpart ) table.insert( tlistallfwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full ) end end if catexists(full) then if to4 == '0-length' then if rtarget(full, frame) == full then --only use 0-length cats that don't #R trackcat(13, 'Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length') end end tirregs['from'..j] = from tirregs['to'..j] = (to2 or to4) if (k == -1) or (k == 0) then endfound = true --tentative else --k == { -2, > 0 } tlistallfwd[#tlistallfwd] = spanblue..tlistallfwd[#tlistallfwd]..span..' (found)' ttlens[ find_duration(full) ] = 1 if j == 4 then tgapsj4[g] = 1 else tgaps[g] = 1 end endfound = false if to4 ~= '0-length' then --k > 0 fwanchor = to4 --ratchet up gbreak = true break --only break on k > 0 b/c old end-cat #Rs still exist like "Members of the Scottish Parliament 2011–" else --k == -2 j = j + 1 --save, but keep searching k's, in case "1974" → "1974-1979" if j > jlimit then --lest we keep searching & finding 0-length cats ("2018 CONCACAF Champions League" & up) gbreak = true break elseif g == hgap_limit_irreg then --keep searching, since not a runaway, just far away ("American soccer clubs 1958–59 season") hgap_limit_irreg = hgap_limit_irreg + 1 end end end end end --ghetto "continue" k = k + 1 lastk = k end --while k <= term_limit do if gbreak == true then break end g = g + 1 lastg = g end --while g <= hgap_limit_irreg do end --if j > 0 and endfound == false then if (lastg and lastk) and (lastg > hgap_limit_irreg) and (lastk > term_limit) then --search exhausted if j < 0 then j = 0 --bwd search exhausted; continue fwd elseif j > 0 then break end --fwd search exhausted end j = j + 1 end --while j <= jlimit end --if hgap <= hgap_limit_reg --determine # of displayed navh elements based on "YYYY-YY" vs. "YYYY-YYYY" counts local Ythreshold = 3.3 --((YYYY-YY x 7) + (YYYY-YYYY x 2))/18 = 3.222; ((YYYY-YY x 6) + (YYYY-YYYY x 3))/18 = 3.333 local Ycount = 0 --"Y" count local ycount = 0 --tirregs counter; # of contiguous #s for k, v in pairs (tirregs) do local dummy, dunce = mw.ustring.gsub(tostring(v), '%d', '') --why can't gsub just return a table?? Ycount = Ycount + dunce ycount = ycount + 1 end local ycount_limit = ((jlimit * 2) + 1) * 2 --i.e. ((4 * 2) + 1) * 2 = 18 if ycount < ycount_limit then --fill in the blanks with Ycount_parent, since hidden/dne cats aren't in tirregs local dummy_finish = finish if not regularparent then dummy_finish = start end local dummy, dunce_from = mw.ustring.gsub(start, '%d', '') local dummy, dunce_to = mw.ustring.gsub(dummy_finish, '%d', '') local Ycount_parent_avg = (dunce_from + dunce_to)/2 --"YYYY-YYYY" = 4; "YYYY-YY" = 3 Ycount = Ycount + (Ycount_parent_avg * (ycount_limit - ycount)) ycount = ycount_limit end local iwidth = 3 --default to 3-a-side, 7 total local Y_per_y = Ycount / ycount --normalized range: [3-4] if Y_per_y < Ythreshold then iwidth = 4 --extend to 4-a-side, 9 total end --begin navhyphen local navh = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local terminalcat = false --switch used to hide future cats local terminaltxt = nil local i = -iwidth --nav position while i <= iwidth do local from = nstart + i*(t+hgap) --the logical, but not necessarily correct, 'from' if tirregs['from'..i] then --prefer the irregular term table from = tonumber(tirregs['from'..i]) else --fallback to lazy/naive 'from' if i > 0 and tirregs['from'..(i-1)] and tirregs['from'..(i-1)] >= from then --end of the line: avoid dups/past, and create reasonable grey'd ranges local greyto = tonumber(tirregs['to' .. (i-1)]) or -9999 local greyfrom = tonumber(tirregs['from'..(i-1)]) or -9999 local grey = greyto --prefer 'to' if greyfrom > greyto then grey = greyfrom end --'from' fallback, in case "1995–96", "1995-present", etc. if grey > -9999 then if grey ~= greyto then from = grey + t + hgap --account for missing/incomplete 'to' else from = grey + hgap end tirregs['from'..i] = from --remember tirregs['to' .. i] = from + t end elseif i < 0 then local greyfrom local ii = 0 while ii < 3 do ii = ii + 1 greyfrom = tonumber(tirregs['from'..(i+ii)]) if greyfrom then break end end from = (greyfrom or nstart) - ii*(t+hgap) tirregs['from'..i] = from --remember tirregs['to' .. i] = from + t end end local from2 = string.match(from, '%d?%d$') local to = tostring(from+t) --the logical, naive range, but if tirregs['to'..i] then --prefer irregular term table to = tirregs['to'..i] elseif regularparent == false and tirregs and i > 0 then to = tirregs['to-1'] --special treatment for parent terminal cats, since they have no natural 'to' end local to2 = string.match(to, '%d?%d$') local tofinal = (to2 or '') --assume t=1 and abbreviated 'to' (the most common case) if t > 1 or --per MOS:DATERANGE (e.g. 1999-2004) (from2 - (to2 or from2)) > 0 --century transition exception (e.g. 1999–2000) then tofinal = (to or '') --default to the MOS-correct format, in case no fallbacks found end if to == '0-length' then tofinal = to end --check existance of 4-digit, MOS-correct range, with abbreviation fallback if tofinal ~= '0-length' then if t > 1 and string.len(from) == 4 then --e.g. 1999-2004 --determine which link exists (full or abbr) local full = firstpart..lspace..from..hyph..tofinal..tspace..lastpart if not catexists(full) then local abbr = firstpart..lspace..from..hyph..to2..tspace..lastpart if catexists(abbr) then tofinal = (to2 or '') --rv to MOS-incorrect format; if full AND abbr DNE, then tofinal is still in its MOS-correct format end end elseif t == 1 then --full-year consecutive ranges are also allowed local abbr = firstpart..lspace..from..hyph..tofinal..tspace..lastpart --assume tofinal is in abbr format if not catexists(abbr) and tofinal ~= to then local full = firstpart..lspace..from..hyph..to..tspace..lastpart if catexists(full) then tofinal = (to or '') --if abbr AND full DNE, then tofinal is still in its abbr format (unless it's a century transition) end end end end --populate navh if i ~= 0 then --left/right navh local orig = firstpart..lspace..from..hyph..tofinal..tspace..lastpart local disp = from..hyph..tofinal if tofinal == '0-length' then orig = firstpart..lspace..from..tspace..lastpart disp = from end local catlink = catlinkfollowr(frame, orig, disp, true) --force terminal cat display if terminalcat == false then terminaltxt = find_terminaltxt( disp ) --also sets tracking cats terminalcat = (terminaltxt ~= nil) end if catlink.rtarget and avoidself then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed, figure out why --determine new term length & gap size ttlens[ find_duration( catlink.rtarget ) ] = 1 if i > -iwidth then local lastto = tirregs['to'..(i-1)] if lastto == nil then local lastfrom = nstart + (i-1)*(t+hgap) lastto = lastfrom+t --use last logical 'from' to calc lastto end if lastto then local gapcat = lastto..'-'..from --dummy cat to calc with local gap = find_duration(gapcat) or -1 --in case of nil, if iwidth == 4 then tgapsj4[ gap ] = 1 --tgapsj4[-1] are ignored later else tgaps[ gap ] = 1 --tgaps[-1] are ignored later end end end --display/tracking handling local base_regex = '%d+[–-]%d+' local origbase = mw.ustring.gsub(orig, base_regex, '') local rtarbase, rtarbase_success = mw.ustring.gsub(catlink.rtarget, base_regex, '') if rtarbase_success == 0 then local base_regex_lax = '%d%d%d%d' --in case rtarget is a year cat rtarbase, rtarbase_success = mw.ustring.gsub(catlink.rtarget, base_regex_lax, '') end local terminal_regex = '%d+[–-]'..(terminaltxt or '')..'$' --more manual ORs bc Lua regex sux if mw.ustring.match(orig, terminal_regex) then origbase = mw.ustring.gsub(orig, terminal_regex, '') end if mw.ustring.match(catlink.rtarget, terminal_regex) then --finagle/overload terminalcat type to set nmaxseas on 1st occurence only if terminalcat == false then terminalcat = 1 end local dummy = find_terminaltxt( catlink.rtarget ) --also sets tracking cats rtarbase = mw.ustring.gsub(catlink.rtarget, terminal_regex, '') end origbase = mw.text.trim(origbase) rtarbase = mw.text.trim(rtarbase) if origbase ~= rtarbase then trackcat(6, 'Category series navigation range redirected (base change)') elseif terminalcat == 1 then trackcat(8, 'Category series navigation range redirected (end)') else --origbase == rtarbase local all4s_regex = '%d%d%d%d[–-]%d%d%d%d' local orig_all4s = mw.ustring.match(orig, all4s_regex) local rtar_all4s = mw.ustring.match(catlink.rtarget, all4s_regex) if orig_all4s and rtar_all4s then trackcat(10, 'Category series navigation range redirected (other)') else local year_regex1 = '%d%d%d%d$' local year_regex2 = '%d%d%d%d[%s%)]' local year_rtar = mw.ustring.match(catlink.rtarget, year_regex1) or mw.ustring.match(catlink.rtarget, year_regex2) if orig_all4s and year_rtar then trackcat(7, 'Category series navigation range redirected (var change)') else trackcat(9, 'Category series navigation range redirected (MOS)') end end end end if terminalcat then --true or 1 if type(terminalcat) ~= 'boolean' then nmaxseas = from end --only want to do this once terminalcat = true --done finagling/overloading end if (from >= 0) and (nminseas <= from) and (from <= nmaxseas) then table.insert(navlist, catlink.navelement) if terminalcat then nmaxseas = nminseas_default end --prevent display of future ranges else local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..disp..'</span>' table.insert(navlist, hidden) if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end end else --center navh if finish == -1 then finish = 'present' elseif finish == 0 then finish = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..start..'</span>' end local disp = start..hyph..finish if regularparent == 'isolated' then disp = start end table.insert(navlist, '<b>'..disp..'</b>') end i = i + 1 end -- add the list navh = navh..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' --tracking cats & finalize if avoidself then local igaps = 0 --# of diff gap sizes > 0 found local itlens = 0 --# of diff term lengths found for s = 1, hgap_limit_reg do --must loop; #tgaps, #ttlens unreliable igaps = igaps + (tgaps[s] or 0) end if iwidth == 4 then --only count gaps if they were displayed ("Karnataka MLAs 1957–1962") for s = 1, hgap_limit_reg do igaps = igaps + (tgapsj4[s] or 0) end end for s = 0, term_limit do itlens = itlens + (ttlens[s] or 0) end if igaps > 0 then trackcat(11, 'Category series navigation range gaps') end if itlens > 1 and ttrackingcats[13] == '' then --avoid duplication in "Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length" trackcat(12, 'Category series navigation range irregular') end end isolatedcat() defaultgapcat(not hgap_success) if listall then return listalllinks() else return navh..'</div>' end end --[[=========================={{ nav_tvseason }}============================]] local function nav_tvseason( frame, firstpart, tv, lastpart, maximumtv ) --Expects a PAGENAME of the form "Futurama season 1 episodes", where -- firstpart = Futurama season -- tv = 1 -- lastpart = episodes -- maximumtv = 7 ('max' tv season parameter; optional; defaults to 9999) tv = tonumber(tv) if tv == nil then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_tvseason can\'t recognize the TV season number sent to its 3rd parameter.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'T') end --"(season 1) episodes" -> "season 1 episodes" following March 2024 RfC: --[[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (television)#Follow-up RfC on TV season article titles]] -- [[Special:Permalink/1216885280#Follow-up RfC on TV season article titles]] local tspace = ' ' --"season 1 episodes" local parenth_check = string.match(lastpart, '^%)') if parenth_check then tspace = '' end --accommodate old style "(season 1) episodes" just in case local maxtv_default = 9999 local maxtv = tonumber(maximumtv) or maxtv_default --allow +/- qualifier if maxtv < tv then maxtv = tv end --input error; maxtv should be >= parent --begin navtvseason local navt = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local prepad = '' local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do local t = tv + i if i ~= 0 then --left/right navt local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..' '..t..tspace..lastpart, t ) if t >= 1 and t <= maxtv then --hardcode mintv if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(25, 'Category series navigation TV season redirected') end if catlink.catexists or (maxtv ~= maxtv_default and t <= maxtv) then table.insert(navlist, prepad..catlink.navelement) --display normally prepad = '' else local postpad = '<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..t..'</span>' navlist[#navlist] = (navlist[#navlist] or '')..postpad if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..postpad..')' end end elseif t < 1 then prepad = prepad..'<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..'0'..'</span>' if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = (tlistall[#tlistall] or '')..' (x)' end else --t > maxtv local postpad = '<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..t..'</span>' navlist[#navlist] = (navlist[#navlist] or '')..postpad if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..postpad..')' end end else --center navt table.insert(navlist, prepad..'<b>'..tv..'</b>') prepad = '' end i = i + 1 end -- add the list navt = navt..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navt..'</div>' end end --[[==========================={{ nav_decade }}=============================]] local function nav_decade( frame, firstpart, decade, lastpart, mindecade, maxdecade ) --Expects a PAGENAME of the form "Some sequential 2000 example cat", where -- firstpart = Some sequential -- decade = 2000 -- lastpart = example cat -- mindecade = 1800 ('min' decade parameter; optional; defaults to -9999) -- maxdecade = 2020 ('max' decade parameter; optional; defaults to 9999) --sterilize dec local dec = sterilizedec(decade) if dec == nil then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_decade was sent "'..(decade or '')..'" as its 2nd parameter, '.. 'but expects a 1 to 4-digit year ending in "0".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'D') end local ndec = tonumber(dec) --sterilize mindecade & determine AD/BC local mindefault = '-9999' local mindec = sterilizedec(mindecade) --returns a tostring(unsigned int), or nil if mindec then if string.match(mindecade, '-%d') or string.match(mindecade, 'BC') then mindec = '-'..mindec --better +/-0 behavior with strings (0-initialized int == "-0" string...) end elseif mindec == nil and mindecade and mindecade ~= '' then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_decade was sent "'..(mindecade or '')..'" as its 4th parameter, '.. 'but expects a 1 to 4-digit year ending in "0", the earliest decade to be shown.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'E') else --mindec == nil mindec = mindefault --tonumber() later, after error checks end --sterilize maxdecade & determine AD/BC local maxdefault = '9999' local maxdec = sterilizedec(maxdecade) --returns a tostring(unsigned int), or nil + error if maxdec then if string.match(maxdecade, '-%d') or string.match(maxdecade, 'BC') then --better +/-0 behavior with strings (0-initialized int == "-0" string...), maxdec = '-'..maxdec --but a "-0" string -> tonumber() -> tostring() = "-0", end --and a "0" string -> tonumber() -> tostring() = "0" elseif maxdec == nil and maxdecade and maxdecade ~= '' then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_decade was sent "'..(maxdecade or '')..'" as its 5th parameter, '.. 'but expects a 1 to 4-digit year ending in "0", the highest decade to be shown.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'F') else --maxdec == nil maxdec = maxdefault end local tspace = ' ' --assume trailing space for "1950s in X"-type cats if string.match(lastpart, '^-') then tspace = '' end --DNE for "1970s-related"-type cats --AD/BC switches & varR local parentBC = string.match(lastpart, '^RC') --following the "0s BC" convention for all years BC local BCe = parentBC and 'RC' or 'BC' --use RC for Manx categories, BC otherwise lastpart = mw.ustring.gsub(lastpart, '^RC%s*', '') --handle BC separately; AD never used --TODO?: handle BCE, but only if it exists in the wild local dec0to40AD = (ndec >= 0 and ndec <= 40 and not parentBC) --special behavior in this range local switchADBC = 1 -- 1=AD parent if parentBC then switchADBC = -1 end -- -1=BC parent; possibly adjusted later local BCdisp = '' local D = -math.huge --secondary switch & iterator for AD/BC transition --check non-default min/max more carefully if mindec ~= mindefault then if tonumber(mindec) > ndec*switchADBC then mindec = tostring(ndec*switchADBC) --input error; mindec should be <= parent end end if maxdec ~= maxdefault then if tonumber(maxdec) < ndec*switchADBC then maxdec = tostring(ndec*switchADBC) --input error; maxdec should be >= parent end end local nmindec = tonumber(mindec) --similar behavior to nav_year & nav_nordinal local nmaxdec = tonumber(maxdec) --similar behavior to nav_nordinal --begin navdecade local bnb = '' --border/no border if navborder == false then --for Category series navigation year and decade bnb = 'categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent' end local navd = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range '..bnb..'">\n' local navlist = {} local i = -50 --nav position x 10 while i <= 50 do local d = ndec + i*switchADBC local BC = '' BCdisp = '' if dec0to40AD then if D < -10 then d = math.abs(d + 10) --b/c 2 "0s" decades exist: "0s BC" & "0s" (AD) BC = 'RC ' if d == 0 then D = -10 --track 1st d = 0 use (BC) end elseif D >= -10 then D = D + 10 --now iterate from 0s AD d = D --2nd d = 0 use end elseif parentBC then if switchADBC == -1 then --parentBC looking at the BC side (the common case) BC = 'RC ' if d == 0 then --prepare to switch to the AD side on the next iteration switchADBC = 1 --1st d = 0 use (BC) D = -10 --prep end elseif switchADBC == 1 then --switched to the AD side D = D + 10 --now iterate from 0s AD d = D --2nd d = 0 use (on first use) end end if BC ~= '' and ndec <= 50 then BCdisp = ' '..BCe --show BC/RC for all BC decades whenever a "0yn" is displayed on the nav end --determine target cat local disp = d..'yn'..BCdisp local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..' '..d..'yn'..tspace..BC..lastpart, disp ) if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(18, 'Category series navigation decade redirected') end --populate left/right navd local shown = navcenter(i, catlink) local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..disp..'</span>' local dsign = d --use d for display & dsign for logic if BC ~= '' then dsign = -dsign end if (nmindec <= dsign) and (dsign <= nmaxdec) then if dsign == 0 and (nmindec == 0 or nmaxdec == 0) then --distinguish b/w -0 (BC) & 0 (AD) --"zoom in" on +/- 0 and turn dsign/min/max temporarily into +/- 1 for easier processing local zsign, zmin, zmax = 1, nmindec, nmaxdec if BC ~= '' then zsign = -1 end if mindec == '-0' then zmin = -1 elseif mindec == '0' then zmin = 1 end if maxdec == '-0' then zmax = -1 elseif maxdec == '0' then zmax = 1 end if (zmin <= zsign) and (zsign <= zmax) then table.insert(navlist, shown) hidden = nil else table.insert(navlist, hidden) end else table.insert(navlist, shown)--the common case hidden = nil end else table.insert(navlist, hidden) end if listall and hidden then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end i = i + 10 end -- add the list navd = navd..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navd..'</div>' end end --[[============================{{ nav_year }}==============================]] local function nav_year( frame, firstpart, year, lastpart, minimumyear, maximumyear ) --Expects a PAGENAME of the form "Some sequential 1760 example cat", where -- firstpart = Some sequential -- year = 1760 -- lastpart = example cat -- minimumyear = 1758 ('min' year parameter; optional) -- maximumyear = 1800 ('max' year parameter; optional) local minyear_default = -9999 local maxyear_default = 9999 year = tonumber(year) or tonumber(mw.ustring.match(year or '', '^%s*(%d*)')) local minyear = tonumber(string.match(minimumyear or '', '-?%d+')) or minyear_default --allow +/- qualifier local maxyear = tonumber(string.match(maximumyear or '', '-?%d+')) or maxyear_default --allow +/- qualifier if string.match(minimumyear or '', 'BC') then minyear = -math.abs(minyear) end --allow BC qualifier (AD otherwise assumed) if string.match(maximumyear or '', 'BC') then maxyear = -math.abs(maxyear) end --allow BC qualifier (AD otherwise assumed) if year == nil then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_year can\'t recognize the year sent to its 3rd parameter.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'Y') end --AD/BC switches & vars local yearBCElastparts = { --needed for parent = AD 1-5, when the BC/E format is unknown --"BCE" removed to match both AD & BCE cats; easier & faster than multiple string.match()s ['example_Hebrew people_example'] = 'BCE', --example entry format; add to & adjust as needed } local parentAD = string.match(firstpart, 'BNJ$') --following the "AD 1" convention from AD 1 to AD 10 local parentBC = string.match(lastpart, '^RC?') --following the "1 BC" convention for all years BC firstpart = mw.ustring.gsub(firstpart, '%s*BNJ$', '') --handle AD/BC separately for easier & faster accounting lastpart = mw.ustring.gsub(lastpart, '^RC?%s*', '') local BCe = parentBC or yearBCElastparts[lastpart] or 'RC' --"BC" default local year1to10 = (year >= 1 and year <= 10) local year1to10ADBC = year1to10 and (parentBC or parentAD) --special behavior 1-10 for low-# non-year series local year1to15AD = (year >= 1 and year <= 15 and not parentBC) --special behavior 1-15 for AD/BC display local switchADBC = 1 -- 1=AD parent if parentBC then switchADBC = -1 end -- -1=BC parent; possibly adjusted later local Y = 0 --secondary iterator for AD-on-a-BC-parent if minyear > year*switchADBC then minyear = year*switchADBC end --input error; minyear should be <= parent if maxyear < year*switchADBC then maxyear = year*switchADBC end --input error; maxyear should be >= parent local lspace = ' ' --leading space before year, after firstpart if string.match(firstpart, '[%-VW]$') then lspace = '' --e.g. "Straight-8 engines" end local tspace = ' ' --trailing space after year, before lastpart if string.match(lastpart, '^-') then tspace = '' --e.g. "2018-related timelines" end --determine interyear gap size to condense special category types, if possible local ygapdefault = 1 --assume/start at the most common case: 2001, 2002, etc. local ygap = ygapdefault if string.match(lastpart, 'presidential') then local ygap1, ygap2 = ygapdefault, ygapdefault --need to determine previous & next year gaps indepedently local ygap1_success, ygap2_success = false, false local prevseason = nil while ygap1 <= ygap_limit do --Czech Republic, Poland, Sri Lanka, etc. have 5-year terms prevseason = firstpart..lspace..(year-ygap1)..tspace..lastpart if catexists(prevseason) then ygap1_success = true break end ygap1 = ygap1 + 1 end local nextseason = nil while ygap2 <= ygap_limit do --Czech Republic, Poland, Sri Lanka, etc. have 5-year terms nextseason = firstpart..lspace..(year+ygap2)..tspace..lastpart if catexists(nextseason) then ygap2_success = true break end ygap2 = ygap2 + 1 end if ygap1_success and ygap2_success then if ygap1 == ygap2 then ygap = ygap1 end elseif ygap1_success then ygap = ygap1 elseif ygap2_success then ygap = ygap2 end end --skip non-existing years, if requested local ynogaps = {} --populate with existing years in the range, at most, [year - (skipgaps_limit * 5), year + (skipgaps_limit * 5)] if skipgaps then if minyear == minyear_default then minyear = 0 --automatically set minyear to 0, as AD/BC not supported anyway end if (year > 70) or --add support for AD/BC (<= AD 10) if/when needed (minyear >= 0 and --must be a non-year series like "AC with 0 elements" not parentAD and not parentBC) then local yskipped = {} --track skipped y's to avoid double-checking local cat, found, Yeary --populate nav element queue outwards positively from the parent local Year = year --to save/ratchet progression local i = 1 while i <= 5 do local y = 1 while y <= skipgaps_limit do found = false Yeary = Year + y if yskipped[Yeary] == nil then yskipped[Yeary] = Yeary cat = firstpart..lspace..Yeary..tspace..lastpart found = catexists(cat) if found then break end end y = y + 1 end if found then Year = Yeary else Year = Year + 1 end ynogaps[i] = Year i = i + 1 end ynogaps[0] = year --the parent --populate nav element queue outwards negatively from the parent Year = year --reset ratchet i = -1 while i >= -5 do local y = -1 while y >= -skipgaps_limit do found = false Yeary = Year + y if yskipped[Yeary] == nil then yskipped[Yeary] = Yeary cat = firstpart..lspace..Yeary..tspace..lastpart found = catexists(cat) if found then break end end y = y - 1 end if found then Year = Yeary else Year = Year - 1 end ynogaps[i] = Year i = i - 1 end else skipgaps = false --TODO: AD/BC support, then lift BC restrictions @ [[Template:Establishment category BC]] & [[Template:Year category header/core]] end end --begin navyears local navy = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local y local j = 0 --decrementor for special cases "2021 World Rugby Sevens Series" -> "2021–2022" local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do if skipgaps then y = ynogaps[i] else y = year + i*ygap*switchADBC - j end local BCdisp = '' if i ~= 0 then --left/right navy local AD = '' local BC = '' if year1to15AD and not (year1to10 and not year1to10ADBC) --don't AD/BC 1-10's if parents don't contain AD/BC then if year >= 11 then --parent = AD 11-15 if y <= 10 then --prepend AD on y = 1-10 cats only, per existing cats AD = 'AD ' end elseif year >= 1 then --parent = AD 1-10 if y <= 0 then BC = BCe..' ' y = math.abs(y - 1) --skip y = 0 (DNE) elseif y >= 1 and y <= 10 then --prepend AD on y = 1-10 cats only, per existing cats AD = 'AD ' end end elseif parentBC then if switchADBC == -1 then --displayed y is in the BC regime if y >= 1 then --the common case BC = BCe..' ' elseif y == 0 then --switch from BC to AD regime switchADBC = 1 end end if switchADBC == 1 then --displayed y is now in the AD regime Y = Y + 1 --skip y = 0 (DNE) y = Y --easiest solution: start another iterator for these AD y's displayed on a BC year parent AD = 'AD ' end end if BC ~= '' and year <= 5 then --only show 'BC' for parent years <= 5: saves room, easier to read, BCdisp = ' '..BCe --and 6 is the first/last nav year that doesn't need a disambiguator; end --the center/parent year will always show BC, so no need to show it another 10x --populate left/right navy local ysign = y --use y for display & ysign for logic local disp = y..BCdisp if BC ~= '' then ysign = -ysign end local firsttry = firstpart..lspace..AD..y..tspace..BC..lastpart if (minyear <= ysign) and (ysign <= maxyear) then local catlinkAD = catlinkfollowr( frame, firsttry, disp ) --try AD local catlink = catlinkAD --tentative winner if AD ~= '' then --for "ACArt with 5 suppressed elements"-type cats local catlinkNoAD = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..y..tspace..BC..lastpart, disp ) --try !AD if catlinkNoAD.catexists == true then catlink = catlinkNoAD --usurp elseif listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' (tried; not displayed)¹' end end if (AD..BC == '') and (catlink.catexists == false) and (y >= 1000) then --!ADBC & DNE; 4-digit only, to be frugal --try basic hyphenated cats: 1-year, endash, MOS-correct only, no #Rs local yHyph_4 = y..'–'..(y+1) --try 2010–2011 type cats local catlinkHyph_4 = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..yHyph_4..tspace..BC..lastpart, yHyph_4 ) if catlinkHyph_4.catexists and catlinkHyph_4.rtarget == nil then --exists & no #Rs catlink = catlinkHyph_4 --usurp trackcat(27, 'Category series navigation year and range') else if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' (tried; not displayed)²' end local yHyph_2 = y..'–'..string.match(y+1, '%d%d$') --try 2010–11 type cats if i == 1 then local yHyph_2_special = (y-1)..'–'..string.match(y, '%d%d$') --try special case 2021 -> 2021–22 local catlinkHyph_2_special = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..yHyph_2_special..tspace..BC..lastpart, yHyph_2_special ) if catlinkHyph_2_special.catexists and catlinkHyph_2_special.rtarget == nil then --exists & no #Rs catlink = catlinkHyph_2_special --usurp trackcat(27, 'Category series navigation year and range') j = 1 elseif listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' (tried; not displayed)³' end end if not (i == 1 and j == 1) then local catlinkHyph_2 = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..yHyph_2..tspace..BC..lastpart, yHyph_2 ) if catlinkHyph_2.catexists and catlinkHyph_2.rtarget == nil then --exists & no #Rs catlink = catlinkHyph_2 --usurp trackcat(27, 'Category series navigation year and range') elseif listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' (tried; not displayed)⁴' end end end end if catlink.rtarget then --#R followed; determine why local r = catlink.rtarget local c = catlink.cat local year_regex = '%d%d%d%d[–-]?%d?%d?%d?%d?' --prioritize year/range stripping, e.g. for "2006 Super 14 season" local hyph_regex = '%d%d%d%d[–-]%d+' --stricter local num_regex = '%d+' --strip any number otherwise local final_regex = nil --best choice goes here if mw.ustring.match(r, year_regex) and mw.ustring.match(c, year_regex) then final_regex = year_regex elseif mw.ustring.match(r, num_regex) and mw.ustring.match(c, num_regex) then final_regex = num_regex end if final_regex then local r_base = mw.ustring.gsub(r, final_regex, '') local c_base = mw.ustring.gsub(c, final_regex, '') if r_base ~= c_base then trackcat(19, 'Category series navigation year redirected (base change)') --acceptable #R target elseif mw.ustring.match(r, hyph_regex) then trackcat(20, 'Category series navigation year redirected (var change)') --e.g. "2008 in Scottish women's football" to "2008–09" else trackcat(21, 'Category series navigation year redirected (other)') --exceptions go here end else trackcat(20, 'Category series navigation year redirected (var change)') --e.g. "V2 engines" to "V-twin engines" end end table.insert(navlist, catlink.navelement) else --OOB vs min/max local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..disp..'</span>' table.insert(navlist, hidden) if listall then local dummy = catlinkfollowr( frame, firsttry, disp ) tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end end else --center navy if parentBC then BCdisp = ' '..BCe end table.insert(navlist, '<b>'..year..BCdisp..'</b>') end i = i + 1 end --add the list navy = navy..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navy..'</div>' end end --[[==========================={{ nav_roman }}==============================]] local function nav_roman( frame, firstpart, roman, lastpart, minimumrom, maximumrom ) local toarabic = require('Module:ConvertNumeric').roman_to_numeral local toroman = require('Module:Roman').main --sterilize/convert rom/num local num = tonumber(toarabic(roman)) local rom = toroman({ [1] = num }) if num == nil or rom == nil then --out of range or some other error errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_roman can\'t recognize one or more of "'..(num or 'nil')..'" & "'.. (rom or 'nil')..'" in category "'..firstpart..' '..roman..' '..lastpart..'".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'R') end --sterilize min/max local minrom = tonumber(minimumrom or '') or tonumber(toarabic(minimumrom or '')) local maxrom = tonumber(maximumrom or '') or tonumber(toarabic(maximumrom or '')) if minrom < 1 then minrom = 1 end --toarabic() returns -1 on error if maxrom < 1 then maxrom = 9999 end --toarabic() returns -1 on error if minrom > num then minrom = num end if maxrom < num then maxrom = num end --begin navroman local navr = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do local n = num + i if n >= 1 then local r = toroman({ [1] = n }) if i ~= 0 then --left/right navr local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..' '..r..' '..lastpart, r ) if minrom <= n and n <= maxrom then if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(22, 'Category series navigation roman numeral redirected') end table.insert(navlist, catlink.navelement) else local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..r..'</span>' table.insert(navlist, hidden) if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end end else --center navr table.insert(navlist, '<b>'..r..'</b>') end else table.insert(navlist, '<span style="visibility:hidden">I</span>') end i = i + 1 end -- add the list navr = navr..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navr..'</div>' end end --[[=========================={{ nav_nordinal }}============================]] local function nav_nordinal( frame, firstpart, ord, lastpart, minimumord, maximumord ) local nord = tonumber(ord) local minord = tonumber(string.match(minimumord or '', '(-?%d+)[snrt]?[tdh]?')) or -9999 --allow full ord & +/- qualifier local maxord = tonumber(string.match(maximumord or '', '(-?%d+)[snrt]?[tdh]?')) or 9999 --allow full ord & +/- qualifier if string.match(minimumord or '', 'BC') or string.match(minimumord or '', 'RC') then minord = -math.abs(minord) end if string.match(maximumord or '', 'BC') or string.match(maximumord or '', 'RC') then maxord = -math.abs(maxord) end local temporal = string.match(lastpart, 'century') or string.match(lastpart, 'millennium') or string.match(lastpart, 'milley bleeaney') or string.match(lastpart, 'villey bleeaney') or string.match(lastpart, '^eash') local isManxMillenium = string.match(lastpart, 'milley bleeaney') or string.match(lastpart, 'villey bleeaney') local isManxCentury = string.match(lastpart, '^eash') local tspace = ' ' --assume a trailing space after ordinal if string.match(lastpart, '^-') then tspace = '' end --DNE for "19th-century"-type cats --AD/BC switches & vars local ordBCElastparts = { --needed for parent = AD 1-5, when the BC/E format is unknown --lists the lastpart of valid BCE cats --"BCE" removed to match both AD & BCE cats; easier & faster than multiple string.match()s ['-century Hebrew people'] = 'BCE', --WP:CFD/Log/2016 June 21#Category:11th-century BC Hebrew people ['-century Jews'] = 'BCE', --co-nominated ['-century Judaism'] = 'BCE', --co-nominated ['-century rabbis'] = 'BCE', --co-nominated ['-century High Priests of Israel'] = 'BCE', } local parentBC = mw.ustring.match(lastpart, '%s(BCE?)') or mw.ustring.match(lastpart, '%s(RC)') local lastpartNoBC = mw.ustring.gsub(lastpart, '%sBCE?', '') lastpartNoBC = mw.ustring.gsub(lastpartNoBC, '%sRC', '') local BCe = parentBC or ordBCElastparts[lastpartNoBC] or ((isManxMillenium or isManxCentury) and 'RC') or 'BC' local switchADBC = 1 -- 1=AD parent if parentBC then switchADBC = -1 end -- -1=BC parent; possibly adjusted later local O = 0 --secondary iterator for AD-on-a-BC-parent if not temporal and not parentBC and minord < 1 then minord = 1 end if not temporal and parentBC and maxord < 1 then maxord = -1 end if minord > nord*switchADBC then minord = nord*switchADBC end --input error; minord should be <= parent if maxord < nord*switchADBC then maxord = nord*switchADBC end --input error; maxord should be >= parent --begin navnordinal local bnb = '' --border/no border if navborder == false then --for Category series navigation decade and century bnb = 'categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent' end local navo = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range '..bnb..'">\n' local navlist = {} local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do local o = nord + i*switchADBC local BC = '' local BCdisp = '' if parentBC then if switchADBC == -1 then --parentBC looking at the BC side if o >= 1 then --the common case BC = ' '..BCe elseif o == 0 then --switch to the AD side BC = '' switchADBC = 1 end end if switchADBC == 1 then --displayed o is now in the AD regime O = O + 1 --skip o = 0 (DNE) o = O --easiest solution: start another iterator for these AD o's displayed on a BC year parent end elseif o <= 0 then --parentAD looking at BC side BC = ' '..BCe o = math.abs(o - 1) --skip o = 0 (DNE) end if BC ~= '' and nord <= 5 then --only show 'BC' for parent ords <= 5: saves room, easier to read, BCdisp = ' '..BCe --and 6 is the first/last nav ord that doesn't need a disambiguator; end --the center/parent ord will always show BC, so no need to show it another 10x --populate left/right navo local oth = (isManxMillenium or isManxCentury) and p.addord(o) or tostring(o) local osign = o if BC ~= '' and temporal then osign = -osign end local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..oth..'</span>' if temporal then --e.g. "3rd-century BC" local lastpart = lastpartNoBC --lest we recursively add multiple "BC"s if isManxMillenium then -- 1d and 2h trigger soft mutation: villey bleeaney -- 3oo and above use the base form: milley bleeaney local ones = o % 10 if ones == 1 or ones == 2 then lastpart = 'villey bleeaney' else lastpart = 'milley bleeaney' end if BC ~= '' then lastpart = lastpart .. BC end elseif BC ~= '' then lastpart = string.gsub(lastpart, temporal, temporal..BC) --replace BC if needed end local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..' '..oth..tspace..lastpart, oth..BCdisp ) if (minord <= osign) and (osign <= maxord) then if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(23, 'Category series navigation nordinal redirected') end table.insert(navlist, navcenter(i, catlink)) else table.insert(navlist, hidden) if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end end elseif minord <= osign and osign <= maxord then local catTarget = firstpart..' '..oth..tspace..lastpartNoBC if BC ~= '' then catTarget = firstpart..' '..oth..tspace..lastpartNoBC..BC end local dispText = oth..BCdisp local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, catTarget, dispText ) if catlink.rtarget then trackcat(23, 'Category series navigation nordinal redirected') end table.insert(navlist, navcenter(i, catlink)) else --out-of-range: hide table.insert(navlist, hidden) if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end end i = i + 1 end navo = navo..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navo..'</div>' end end --[[========================={{ nav_wordinal }}=============================]] local function nav_wordinal( frame, firstpart, word, lastpart, minimumword, maximumword, ordinal, frame ) --Module:ConvertNumeric.spell_number2() args: -- ordinal == true : 'second' is output instead of 'two' -- ordinal == false: 'two' is output instead of 'second' local ord2eng = require('Module:ConvertNumeric').spell_number2 local eng2ord = require('Module:ConvertNumeric').english_to_ordinal local th = 'th' if not ordinal then th = '' eng2ord = require('Module:ConvertNumeric').english_to_numeral end local capitalize = nil ~= string.match(word, '^%u') --determine capitalization local nord = eng2ord(string.lower(word)) --operate on/with lowercase, and restore any capitalization later local lspace = ' ' --assume a leading space (most common) local tspace = ' ' --assume a trailing space (most common) if string.match(firstpart, '[%-%(]$') then lspace = '' end --DNE for "Straight-eight engines"-type cats if string.match(lastpart, '^[%-%)]' ) then tspace = '' end --DNE for "Nine-cylinder engines"-type cats --sterilize min/max local maxword_default = 99 local maxword = maxword_default local minword = 1 if minimumword then local num = tonumber(minimumword) if num and 0 < num and num < maxword then minword = num else local ord = eng2ord(minimumword) if 0 < ord and ord < maxword then minword = ord end end end if maximumword then local num = tonumber(maximumword) if num and 0 < num and num < maxword then maxword = num else local ord = eng2ord(maximumword) if 0 < ord and ord < maxword then maxword = ord end end end if minword > nord then minword = nord end if maxword < nord then maxword = nord end --determine max existing cat local listoverride = true local n_max = nord local m = 1 while m <= 5 do local n = nord + m local nth = p.addord(n) if not ordinal then nth = n end local w = ord2eng{ num = n, ordinal = ordinal, capitalize = capitalize } local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..w..tspace..lastpart, nth, nil, listoverride ) if catlink.catexists then n_max = n end m = m + 1 end --begin navwordinal local navw = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local prepad = '' local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do local n = nord + i if n >= 1 then local nth = p.addord(n) if not ordinal then nth = n end if i ~= 0 then --left/right navw local w = ord2eng{ num = n, ordinal = ordinal, capitalize = capitalize } local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..w..tspace..lastpart, nth ) if minword <= n and n <= maxword then if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(24, 'Category series navigation wordinal redirected') end if n <= n_max or maxword ~= maxword_default then table.insert(navlist, prepad..catlink.navelement) --display normally prepad = '' else local postpad = '<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..nth..'</span>' navlist[#navlist] = (navlist[#navlist] or '')..postpad if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..postpad..')' end end else local postpad = '<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..nth..'</span>' navlist[#navlist] = (navlist[#navlist] or '')..postpad if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..postpad..')' end end else --center navw table.insert(navlist, prepad..'<b>'..nth..'</b>') prepad = '' end else --n < 1 prepad = prepad..'<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..'0'..th..'</span>' if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = (tlistall[#tlistall] or '')..' (x)' end end i = i + 1 end -- Add the list navw = navw..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navw..'</div>' end end --[[==========================={{ find_var }}===============================]] local function find_var( pn ) --Extracts the variable text (e.g. 2015, 2015–16, 2000s, 3rd, III, etc.) from a string, --and returns { ['vtype'] = <'year'|'season'|etc.>, <v> = <2015|2015–16|etc.> } local pagename = currtitle.text if pn and pn ~= '' then pagename = pn end local cpagename = 'Ronney:'..pagename --limited-Lua-regex workaround local d_season = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, ':(%d+yn).+%(%d+[–-]%d+%)') --i.e. "1760yn in the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)" local y_season = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, ':(%d+) .+%(%d+[–-]%d+%)') --i.e. "1763 establishments in the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)" local e_season = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '%s(%d+[–-])$') or --irreg; ending unknown, e.g. "Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–" mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '%s(%d+[–-]jiu)$') --e.g. "UK MPs 2019–present" local season = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s%(](%d+[–-]%d+)[%)%s]') or --split in 2 b/c you can't frontier '$'/eos? mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+[–-]%d+)$') local tvseason = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, 'season (%d+)') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, 'series (%d+)') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, 'meetup (%d+)') -- Require at least the two-character core of an ordinal suffix (st, nd, rd, th) -- so that bare numbers and yn-suffixed decades do not match as nordinals. local nordinal = string.match(pagename, '%d+[snrt][tdh]') or string.match(pagename, '%d+oo%f[%A]') or string.match(pagename, '%d+[dh]%f[%A]') local decade = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+yn)[%s-]') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+yn)$') local year = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d%d%d%d)%s') or --prioritize 4-digit years mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d%d%d%d)$') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+)%s') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+)$') or --expand/combine exceptions below as needed mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+)-related') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+)-cylinder') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%-VW](%d+)%s') --e.g. "Straight-8 engines" local roman = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '%s([IVXLCDM]+)%s') local found = d_season or y_season or e_season or season or tvseason or nordinal or decade or year or roman if found then if string.match(found, '%d%d%d%d%d') == nil then --return in order of decreasing complexity/chance for duplication if nordinal and season --i.e. "18th-century establishments in the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)" then return { ['vtype'] = 'nordinal', ['v'] = nordinal } end if d_season then return { ['vtype'] = 'decade', ['v'] = d_season } end if y_season then return { ['vtype'] = 'year', ['v'] = y_season } end if e_season then return { ['vtype'] = 'ending', ['v'] = e_season } end if season then return { ['vtype'] = 'season', ['v'] = season } end if tvseason then return { ['vtype'] = 'tvseason', ['v'] = tvseason } end if decade then return { ['vtype'] = 'decade', ['v'] = decade } end if nordinal then return { ['vtype'] = 'nordinal', ['v'] = nordinal } end if year then return { ['vtype'] = 'year', ['v'] = year } end if roman then return { ['vtype'] = 'roman', ['v'] = roman } end end else --try wordinals ('zeroth' to 'ninety-ninth' only) local eng2ord = require('Module:ConvertNumeric').english_to_ordinal local split = mw.text.split(pagename, ' ') for i=1, #split do if eng2ord(split[i]) > -1 then return { ['vtype'] = 'wordinal', ['v'] = split[i] } end end --try English numerics ('one'/'single' to 'ninety-nine' only) local eng2num = require('Module:ConvertNumeric').english_to_numeral local split = mw.text.split(pagename, '[%s%-]') --e.g. "Nine-cylinder engines" for i=1, #split do if eng2num(split[i]) > -1 then return { ['vtype'] = 'enumeric', ['v'] = split[i] } end end end errors = p.errorclass('Function find_var can\'t find the variable text in category "'..pagename..'".') return { ['vtype'] = 'error', ['v'] = p.failedcat(errors, 'V') } end --[[==========================================================================]] --[[ Main ]] --[[==========================================================================]] function p.csn( frame ) --arg checks & handling local args = frame:getParent().args checkforunknownparams(args) --for template args checkforunknownparams(frame.args) --for #invoke'd args local cat = args['cat'] --'testcase' alias for catspace local list = args['list-all-links'] --debugging utility to output all links & followed #Rs local follow = args['follow-redirects'] --default 'yes' local testcase = args['testcase'] local testcasegap = args['testcasegap'] local minimum = args['min'] local maximum = args['max'] local skip_gaps = args['skip-gaps'] local show = args['show'] if show and show ~= '' then if show == 'skip-gaps' then return skipgaps_limit elseif show == 'term-limit' then return term_limit elseif show == 'hgap-limit' then return hgap_limit elseif show == 'ygap-limit' then return ygap_limit end end --apply args local pagename = testcase or cat or currtitle.text local testcaseindent = '' if testcasecolon == ':' then testcaseindent = '\n::' end if follow and follow == 'no' then followRs = false end if list and list == 'yes' then listall = true end if skip_gaps and skip_gaps == 'yes' then skipgaps = true trackcat(26, 'Category series navigation using skip-gaps parameter') end --ns checks if currtitle.nsText == 'Category' then if cat and cat ~= '' then trackcat(1, 'Category series navigation using cat parameter') end if testcase and testcase ~= '' then trackcat(2, 'Category series navigation using testcase parameter') end elseif currtitle.nsText == '' then trackcat(30, 'Category series navigation in mainspace') end --find the variable parts of pagename local findvar = find_var(pagename) if findvar.vtype == 'error' then --basic format error checking in find_var() return findvar.v..table.concat(ttrackingcats) end local start = string.match(findvar.v, '^%d+') --the rest is static local findvar_escaped = string.gsub( findvar.v, '%-', '%%%-') local firstpart, lastpart = string.match(pagename, '^(.-)'..findvar_escaped..'(.*)$') if findvar.vtype == 'tvseason' then --double check for cases like "30 Rock (season 3) episodes" firstpart, lastpart = string.match(pagename, '^(.-season )'..findvar_escaped..'(.*)$') if firstpart == nil then firstpart, lastpart = string.match(pagename, '^(.-series )'..findvar_escaped..'(.*)$') end if firstpart == nil then firstpart, lastpart = string.match(pagename, '^(.-meetup )'..findvar_escaped..'(.*)$') end end firstpart = mw.text.trim(firstpart or '') lastpart = mw.text.trim(lastpart or '') --call the appropriate nav function, in order of decreasing popularity if findvar.vtype == 'year' then --e.g. "500", "2001"; nav_year..nav_decade; ~75% of cats local nav1 = nav_year( frame, firstpart, start, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) local dec = math.floor(findvar.v/10) local decadecat = nil local firstpart_dec = firstpart if firstpart_dec ~= '' then firstpart_dec = firstpart_dec..' the' elseif firstpart_dec == 'AD' and dec <= 1 then firstpart_dec = '' if dec == 0 then dec = '' end end local decade = dec..'0yn ' decadecat = mw.text.trim( firstpart_dec..' '..decade..lastpart ) local exists = catexists(decadecat) if exists then navborder = false trackcat(28, 'Category series navigation year and decade') local nav2 = nav_decade( frame, firstpart_dec, decade, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) return wrap( nav1, nav2 ) elseif ttrackingcats[16] ~= '' then --nav_year isolated; check nav_hyphen (e.g. UK MPs 1974, Moldovan MPs 2009, etc.) local hyphen = '–' local finish = start local nav2 = nav_hyphen( frame, start, hyphen, finish, firstpart, lastpart, minimum, maximum, testcasegap )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) if ttrackingcats[16] ~= '' then return wrap( nav1 ) --still isolated; rv to nav_year else return wrap( nav2 ) end else --regular nav_year return wrap( nav1 ) end elseif findvar.vtype == 'decade' then --e.g. "0yn", "2010yn"; nav_decade..nav_nordinal; ~12% of cats local nav1 = nav_decade( frame, firstpart, start, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) local decade = tonumber(string.match(findvar.v, '^(%d+)yn')) local century = math.floor( ((decade-1)/100) + 1 ) --from {{CENTURY}} if century == 0 then century = 1 end --no 0th century if string.match(decade, '00$') then century = century + 1 --'2000' is in the 20th, but the rest of the 2000s is in the 21st end local clastpart = ' century '..lastpart local centurycat = mw.text.trim( firstpart..' '..p.addord(century)..clastpart ) local exists = catexists(centurycat) if not exists then --check for hyphenated century clastpart = '-century '..lastpart centurycat = mw.text.trim( firstpart..' '..p.addord(century)..clastpart ) exists = catexists(centurycat) end if exists then navborder = false trackcat(29, 'Category series navigation decade and century') local nav2 = nav_nordinal( frame, firstpart, century, clastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) return wrap( nav1, nav2 ) else return wrap( nav1 ) end elseif findvar.vtype == 'nordinal' then --e.g. "1st", "99th"; ~7.5% of cats return wrap( nav_nordinal( frame, firstpart, start, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'season' then --e.g. "1–4", "1999–2000", "2001–02", "2001–2002", "2005–2010", etc.; ~5.25% local hyphen, finish = mw.ustring.match(findvar.v, '%d([–-])(%d+)') --ascii 150 & 45 (ndash & keyboard hyphen); mw req'd return wrap( nav_hyphen( frame, start, hyphen, finish, firstpart, lastpart, minimum, maximum, testcasegap )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'tvseason' then --e.g. "1", "15" but preceded with "season" or "series"; <1% of cats return wrap( nav_tvseason( frame, firstpart, start, lastpart, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) --"minimum" defaults to 1 elseif findvar.vtype == 'wordinal' then --e.g. "first", "ninety-ninth"; <<1% of cats local ordinal = true return wrap( nav_wordinal( frame, firstpart, findvar.v, lastpart, minimum, maximum, ordinal, frame )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'enumeric' then --e.g. "one", "ninety-nine"; <<1% of cats local ordinal = false return wrap( nav_wordinal( frame, firstpart, findvar.v, lastpart, minimum, maximum, ordinal, frame )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'roman' then --e.g. "I", "XXVIII"; <<1% of cats return wrap( nav_roman( frame, firstpart, findvar.v, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'ending' then --e.g. "2021–" (irregular; ending unknown); <<<1% of cats local hyphen, finish = mw.ustring.match(findvar.v, '%d([–-])present$'), -1 --ascii 150 & 45 (ndash & keyboard hyphen); mw req'd if hyphen == nil then hyphen, finish = mw.ustring.match(findvar.v, '%d([–-])$'), 0 --0/-1 are hardcoded switches for nav_hyphen() end return wrap( nav_hyphen( frame, start, hyphen, finish, firstpart, lastpart, minimum, maximum, testcasegap )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) else --malformed errors = p.errorclass('Failed to determine the appropriate nav function from malformed season "'..findvar.v..'". ') return p.failedcat(errors, 'N')..table.concat(ttrackingcats) end end return p 84rer4hvem0hcs62tqkwwp9kosgumzi 10 47610 380252 374948 2026-05-27T01:24:00Z MacTire02 219 catsort 380252 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{center|{{Category explanation|obbraghyn soilshit, crooit, ny gientit ayns ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}}}}} {{stiureyobbraghynjeihaght}} {{automatic category TOC}} {{commonscat|{{Title decade}}s works|Obbraghyn veih ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}}} [[Ronney:{{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n {{#expr: floor({{Title decade}}/100) + 1}}{{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{Title decade}}/100) + 1}} | 21 = d | 22 = h | #default = oo }} eash{{Decade|{{Title decade}}}}]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere jeihaght| {{Title decade}}]] [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn ayns ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}]]<!-- --></includeonly> 4n207v6v425fw35iupvy7sw1tpi359z 380253 380252 2026-05-27T01:24:57Z MacTire02 219 ++ 380253 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{center|{{Category explanation|obbraghyn soilshit, crooit, ny gientit ayns ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}}}}} {{stiureyobbraghynjeihaght}} {{automatic category TOC}} {{commonscat|{{Title decade}}s works|Obbraghyn veih ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}}} [[Ronney:{{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n {{#expr: floor({{Title decade}}/100) + 1}}{{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{Title decade}}/100) + 1}} | 21 = d | 22 = h | #default = oo }} eash|{{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere jeihaght| {{Title decade}}]] [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn ayns ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}]]<!-- --></includeonly> th8w4b9nqs2rcp6grwidshyoclbq70s 14 50472 380281 380229 2026-05-27T02:23:13Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 380281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons cat|Songs|Arraneyn}} {{Cat main|Arrane}} {{catseealso|Albymyn|Singylyn}} [[Ronney:Cummaghyn kiaullee coraagh]] [[Ronney:Lettyraght veill]] [[Ronney:Cummaghyn kiaullee rere croo kiaullee]] [[Ronney:Kiaull recortyssit]] 7xbkteiauq8v9cpefq3fze65wov0xr4 14 50477 380238 2026-05-26T12:52:55Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtKiaull|eash=21d}} j9t8mpcuptot2opp5xcanh3xttebejp 14 50478 380240 2026-05-26T12:54:44Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Music in the 20th century|Kiaull 'sy 20oo eash}} [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n 20oo eash]] [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn 'sy 20oo eash]] [[Ronney:Kiaull rere eash|20]] [[Ronney:21oo eash]] l0whgj8nj71a6bf62twaujz5bfj0nad 380241 380240 2026-05-26T12:54:54Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 380241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Music in the 20th century|Kiaull 'sy 20oo eash}} [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n 20oo eash]] [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn 'sy 20oo eash]] [[Ronney:Kiaull rere eash|20]] [[Ronney:20oo eash]] 8z4fmh0s7ibbo4248rrqsz8k0oh4qpl 380244 380241 2026-05-26T13:15:10Z MacTire02 219 ++ 380244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Music in the 20th century|Kiaull 'sy 20oo eash}} {{category series navigation}} [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n 20oo eash]] [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn 'sy 20oo eash]] [[Ronney:Kiaull rere eash|20]] [[Ronney:20oo eash]] 648rwd4avpmisw9pnef6bbxjuta2a00 14 50479 380254 2026-05-27T01:27:23Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|21st-century works|Obbraghyn veih'n 21d eash}} {{navseasoncats}} [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn 'sy 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere eash|21]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n 3oo milley bleeaney|21]] 0297telz04rgw6nh71xw4mnp29l37g3 14 50480 380255 2026-05-27T01:29:00Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|3rd-millennium works|Obbraghyn veih'n 3oo milley bleeaney}} {{Navseasoncats}} [[Ronney:3oo milley bleeaney]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere milley bleeaney|3]] [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn 'sy 3oo milley bleeaney]] p3jwt6igu7m46y4sd3q2pwufhr4p40m 14 50481 380256 2026-05-27T01:33:44Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|17th-century works|Obbraghyn veih'n 17oo eash}} {{navseasoncats}} [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn 'sy 17oo eash]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n 2h villey bleeaney|17]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere eash|17]] fjuex93ypkfzsve525hy8bj5gn0u3ow 14 50482 380257 2026-05-27T01:34:31Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|18th-century works|Obbraghyn veih'n 18oo eash}} {{navseasoncats}} [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn 'sy 18oo eash]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n 2h villey bleeaney|18]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere eash|18]] 68mvcyw4z69iql6j8wxow34thzq7yni 14 50483 380258 2026-05-27T01:35:59Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kione ronney ny h-ellynyn ayns ny YYY0yn|eash=20oo}} d8wkvg62g7kk12tj2m8lg7l6je4djt2 14 50484 380259 2026-05-27T01:38:46Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{category series navigation}} [[Ronney:Albymyn rere eash|20]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih'n 20oo eash]] [[Ronney:Kiaull 'sy 20oo eash]] n5ff87ztab41jbizemuhiftz2w9mngj 14 50485 380260 2026-05-27T01:40:41Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380260 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Troaryn rere eash ghreesaght]] [[Ronney:Albymyn rere date| 1]] p5sf849zdbz2qfm72irfnnfjospdtjf 380261 380260 2026-05-27T01:40:51Z MacTire02 219 catsort 380261 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Troaryn rere eash ghreesaght]] [[Ronney:Albymyn rere date| Eash]] cb4ku9z9v7aljkmfetgb2j5feoquytw 14 50486 380262 2026-05-27T01:42:18Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cc|Compositions by year|Cummaghyn kiaullee rere blein}} {{moir-ronney}} [[Ronney:Cummaghyn kiaullee rere date| Blein]] [[Ronney:Kiaull rere blein| Cummaghyn kiaullee]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere sorçh as blein]] {{Category TOC custom|start=1600}} 0wov2vosrj4o9epvsjd1xvsha7a42lo 14 50487 380263 2026-05-27T01:43:41Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moir-ronney}} [[Ronney:Cummaghyn kiaullee| Date]] [[Ronney:Kiaull rere date]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere date|Kiaullee]] n60bxj9tvwec3ub2ybijin8o82vw1uc 14 50488 380264 2026-05-27T01:46:08Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cat main|Cummey kiaullee}} {{Commons cat|Musical compositions|Cummaghyn kiaullee}} [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere mean|Kiaullee]] [[Ronney:Cummey kiaullee| Cummey]] nqb6zlwores4znshqzb7lmjugvgaq9h 0 50489 380269 2026-05-27T01:51:12Z MacTire02 219 MacTire02 moved page [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] to [[Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] over redirect: aght 380269 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] bnkv64s3macyicdgmm2gwi0qt6kdchy 14 50490 380272 2026-05-27T01:54:55Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Sound recording technology|Çhaghnoaylleeaght recortyssey sheean}} [[Ronney:Saaseyn recortyssee|Sheean]] [[Ronney:Recortyssey-sheean|Chaghnoaylleeaght]] [[Ronney:Çhaghnoaylleeaght-sheean|Recortyssey]] pztoq5nmkg3hrhho0ph4e7to34v7mfe 380273 380272 2026-05-27T01:55:26Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 380273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Sound recording technology|Çhaghnoaylleeaght recortyssey sheean}} [[Ronney:Saaseyn recortyssee|Sheean]] [[Ronney:Recortyssey sheean|Chaghnoaylleeaght]] [[Ronney:Çhaghnoaylleeaght-sheean|Recortyssey]] ee4jqd6rcdxt1g8osfdaaovmy5p020g 14 50491 380274 2026-05-27T02:05:57Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380274 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Kiaull choraagh]] [[Ronney:Cummaghyn kiaullee|Coraagh]] qboarsxx88577cjndyab1jg9ufqk0qf 14 50492 380275 2026-05-27T02:10:00Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons cat|Vocal music|Kiaull choraagh}} {{Cat main}} [[Ronney:Arraneys]] [[Ronney:Cummaghyn kiaullee rere greie]] [[Ronney:Goo deiney]] [[Ronney:Shaanraghyn kiaull]] [[Ronney:Çhaghteraght veill]] meabn17qfhzmzizy8u55001l37kh0kn 14 50493 380276 2026-05-27T02:11:18Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cat main|Arraneys}} {{Commons cat|Singing|Arraneys}} [[Ronney:Cloie kiaull]] [[Ronney:Ny h-ellynyn cloie]] [[Ronney:Jannooyn deiney]] 6922zqlg0td5thml51el5ggd10418g0 14 50494 380277 2026-05-27T02:14:15Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Compositions by instrumentation|Cummaghyn kiaullee rere greie}} [[Ronney:Cummaghyn kiaullee| Greie]] [[Ronney:Greieyn kiaullee|+Cummaghyn]] [[Ronney:Reaghys (kiaull)]] [[Ronney:Ronnaghyn rere greie]] 6b05yd4mjxo4vonyh0oe3qot2t26ssa 14 50495 380278 2026-05-27T02:16:13Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moir-ronney}} {{Commons category|Categories by instrument|Ronnaghyn rere greie}} [[Ronney:Ronnaghyn rere parameadar|Greie]] [[Ronney:Greieyn kiaullee| Ronnaghyn]] i1dw8fcjt1kjaq861gqwezf9tkqbqyo 14 50496 380279 2026-05-27T02:17:50Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cat main}} {{Commons cat|Arrangement (music)|Reaghys (kiaull)}} [[Ronney:Cummey kiaullee]] [[Ronney:Noteyraght chiaullee]] [[Ronney:Çhaghnyssyn kiaullee]] o43ets0nnv9j1wqzvqiqddscslyyjj7 14 50497 380280 2026-05-27T02:18:59Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cat main}} {{Commons cat|Musical notation|Noteyraght chiaullee}} [[Ronney:Kiaull-oaylleeaght]] [[Ronney:Noteyraght|Chiaullee]] [[Ronney:Cummey kiaullee]] {{CatAutoTOC}} as8p22fr76q27d8ifrahjsyxitqepex 14 50498 380282 2026-05-27T02:24:33Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{category see also if exists|Cummaghyn kiaullee rere greie}} [[Ronney:Cummaghyn kiaullee| Croo kiaullee]] [[Ronney:Croo kiaullee|+Cummaghyn]] r1c671s1w0nrr15l7z0gzpelfx05vw6 14 50499 380283 2026-05-27T02:26:58Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cat main}} {{Commons cat|Musical form|Croo kiaullee}} [[Ronney:Sheiltynys y chiaull]] [[Ronney:Strughtoor|Kiaullee]] [[Ronney:Meeryn kiaullee]] efvgx6l5xfutke1jrcbz8a5shjbd7uz 14 50500 380284 2026-05-27T02:28:09Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Oltscarrey kiaullee]] tdvgp35uhe2thj1h5c9b6mu7dfiyq25 14 50501 380285 2026-05-27T02:29:03Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Musical analysis|Oltscarrey kiaullee}} {{Cat main}} [[Ronney:Oltscarrey|Kiaullee]] [[Ronney:Kiaull]] lekm7c3fglu273ayhlom2fjoqitns7x 14 50502 380286 2026-05-27T02:31:13Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moir-ronney}} {{Commonscat|Singles by year|Singylyn rere blein}} [[Ronney:Singylyn rere date| Blein]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn rere sorçh as blein]] [[Ronney:Kiaull rere blein| Singylyn]] {{Category TOC custom|start=1940}} kyefj3fada8lbg0dg6szatlkvlbd98j 14 50503 380287 2026-05-27T02:32:05Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moir-ronney}} [[Ronney:Singylyn| Date]] [[Ronney:Kiaull rere date]] 9r6epguv01i7t2ycr1l4z45xb7pqeyg 14 50504 380288 2026-05-27T02:36:49Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 10 50505 380289 2026-05-27T02:37:14Z MacTire02 219 clowan noa 380289 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{category series navigation}} {{commonscat|{{Title decade}}s books|Lioaryn veih ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}}} [[Ronney:Lioaryn veih'n {{#expr: floor({{Title decade}}/100) + 1}}{{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{Title decade}}/100) + 1}} | 21 = d | 22 = h | #default = oo }} eash|{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}}]] [[Ronney:Obbraghyn veih ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}]] [[Ronney:Lioaryn rere jeihaght| {{Title decade}}]] [[Ronney:Lettyraght ayns ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}]] [[Ronney:Ny meanyn mooarey ayns ny {{DECADE|{{Title decade}}}}]]</includeonly> 6tb4up6uq27k8y53jeqtexwj106m8yl 14 50506 380290 2026-05-27T02:38:41Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50507 380291 2026-05-27T02:39:26Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50508 380292 2026-05-27T02:40:06Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50509 380293 2026-05-27T02:40:39Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50510 380294 2026-05-27T02:41:13Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50511 380295 2026-05-27T02:41:57Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50512 380296 2026-05-27T02:42:44Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50513 380297 2026-05-27T02:43:26Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50514 380298 2026-05-27T02:44:08Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50515 380299 2026-05-27T02:44:39Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50516 380300 2026-05-27T02:45:58Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50517 380301 2026-05-27T02:46:36Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50518 380302 2026-05-27T02:47:09Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50519 380303 2026-05-27T02:47:43Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4 14 50520 380304 2026-05-27T03:07:10Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 380304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{JeihaghtLioar}} 8uo5l9owndcam8hjlsyeybhlltlhtt4