Wikipedia gvwiki https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-ghuillag MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Meanyn Er lheh Resooney Ymmydeyr Resooney ymmydeyr Wikipedia Resooney Wikipedia Coadan Resooney coadan MediaWiki Resooney MediaWiki Clowan Resooney clowan Cooney Resooney cooney Ronney Resooney ronney TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4914 386659 361092 2026-07-25T20:07:24Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 386659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys boayl | ennym_gienneydagh = Massachusetts | ennym = Massachusetts | ennym_oikoil_gienneydagh = | ennym_oikoil = | ennym_elley = | ennym_dooghyssagh = | sorçh_balley = [[Steat ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Steat]] | jarroo-raa = {{Ubl|{{lang|la|''[[Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem]]''}}|Ta shin shirrey shee fo seyrsnys liorish y chliwe}} | jalloo_armys = Seal of Massachusetts.svg | mooadys_armys = 95px | jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Massachusetts.svg | mooadys_brattagh = 130px | far-ennym = {{Ubl|{{lang|en|''The Bay State''}}|Steat y Vaie}} | jalloo_caslys-çheerey = Massachusetts in United States (zoom).svg | mooadys_caslys-çheerey = 250px | ard_coordnaidyn = US | taishbyney_coordnaidyn = inline, title | sorçh_aarheynn = [[Rolley çheeraghyn y theihill|Çheer]] | ennym_aarheynn = {{brattagh|the United States|Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit}} | çhengey_oikoil = [[Baarle]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schwarz |first1=Hunter |title=States where English is the official language |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2014/08/12/states-where-english-is-the-official-language/ |access-date=29 Nollick 2014 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=12 Luanistyn 2014}}</ref> | çhengaghyn = {{Ubl|Baarle 75.00% |[[Spaainish]] 9.55% |[[Portiugish]] 3.43% |[[Sheenish]] 2.05%<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/state-profiles/state/language/MA |title=Massachusetts Language & Education |publisher=[[American FactFinder]] |access-date=14 Mayrnt 2024 |archive-date=2025-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321010813/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/state-profiles/state/language/MA |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | sorçh_soieag = Preeu-valley | soieag = [[Boston]] | sorçh_soieag1= Balley smoo | soieag1 = [[Boston]] | sorçh_reiltys = [[Ard-whaiyl Massachusetts]] | colught_reirey = | enmys_fer-toshee = [[Kiannoort Massachusetts|Kiannoort]] | ennym_fer-toshee = [[Maura Healey]] ([[Yn Partee Deynlagh (ny Steatyn Unnaneysit)|D]]) | enmys_fer-toshee1= [[Lhiass-chiannoort Massachusetts|Lhiass-chiannoort]] | ennym_fer-toshee1= [[Kim Driscoll]] (D) | enmys_fer-toshee2= [[Rolley shannadeyryn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit veih Massachusetts|Shannadeyryn]] | ennym_fer-toshee2= {{Ubl|[[Elizabeth Warren]] (D)|[[Ed Markey]] (D)}} | enmys_fer-toshee3= [[Rolley ynnydee ny Steatyn Unnaneysit veih Massachusetts|Ynnydee]] | ennym_fer-toshee3= {{Ubl|9 Deynlaghteyryn|([[Çhaghteraghtyn cohionnalagh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit veih Massachusetts|rolley]])}} | slane_earroo_yn_phobble = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} | earroo_yn_phobble_er = | fo-noteyn_earroo_yn_phobble = | glooaght_y_phobble_km2 = 353.24 | slane_eaghtyr_km2 = 27,363 | latd = 42.3 |latNS = N | longd = 72.0 |longEW = W | coad_iso = US-MS | ynnyd-eggey = {{URL|www.mass.gov}} | fo-noteyn = }} She steat lesh [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] eh '''Massachusetts'''. She [[Boston]] y preeu-valley as y balley smoo 'sy steat. ==Galleree== <gallery> Image:View of the Hopper - Mt. Greylock.JPG|<center>Slieau Greylock</center> Image:Nobska Lighthouse - Cape Cod, MA.jpg|<center>Thie Sollysh Nobska</center> Image:USA 09562 Boston Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|<center>Boston</center> </gallery> ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Steatyn Unnaneysit America}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Massachusetts| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit 'sy vlein 1788]] [[Ronney:Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit Faggyssagh]] [[Ronney:Steatyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Hostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit Hiar Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1788]] [[Ronney:Steatyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit er y Choose Hiar]] orgmi89m5v4lw5umreyjywl2io0r27w 0 6607 386662 371376 2026-07-25T23:56:07Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 386662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |ennym = Seán Mac Diarmada |jalloo = Seán Mac Diarmada.png |boayl_ruggyr = [[Coillte Clochair]], [[Coontae Lheeahtrim]], Nerin |boayl_baaish = [[Pryssoon Cill Mhaighneann]], [[Divlyn]], Nerin |date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1916|5|12|1883|1|27}} |ammys = {{Ubl|[[Braarys Pobblaghtagh Nerin]]|[[Arryltee Nerin]]}} }} Va '''Seán Mac Diarmada''' (ruggit myr '''John MacDermott'''; 27 Jerrey Geuree 1883 – 12 Boaldyn 1916) fer jeh ny fir toshee ayns [[Irree Magh y Chaisht]] ayns [[Nerin]] 'sy vlein 1916. == Aegid == Va '''Mac Diarmada''' ruggit ayns [[Coillte Clochair]], [[Coontae Lheeahtrim]].<ref>MacAtasney, Gerard (2004). ''Seán MacDiarmada: the mind of a revolution''. Manorhamilton, Co. Leitrim: Drumlin. p. 6. ISBN <bdi>978-1-873437-31-5</bdi>.</ref> Ren y Gortey Mooar as y boghtinys jeeyl mooar 'sy voayl shoh. Va sym ec y lught-thie echey 'sy phobblaghtys as va e ayr ayns [[Braarys Pobblaghtagh Nerin]]. V'eh ynsit ec ny Braaryn Creestee ayns Coontae Lheeahtrim.<ref name=":0">''16 Lives: Sean MacDiarmada'', Brian Feeney (2014)</ref> == Irree-magh y Chaisht == Ayns 1908, hie eh gys [[Divlyn]] as hie eh stiagh ayns [[Arryltee Nerin]]. V'eh ny oltey er [[Commeeys y Yernish]] as [[Sinn Féin]] as screeu eh da'n phabyr-naight ''Irish Freedom''. Hooar Mac Diarmada [[anlheiltys lhiannooagh]] ayns 1911 as va feme echey er maidjey shooyl y chooid elley jeh'n vea echey. Cha dod Mac Diarmada goaill ayrn 'syn Irree-magh kyndagh rish yn anlheiltys echey. Tra va'n Irree-magh currit fo haart, cha row eh abyl dy scapail as v'eh feddynit magh ayns çhionnal mooar dy phryssoonee dy jeeragh ny yei. V'eh currit gy baase er 12 Boaldyn 1916 er son e phaart 'syn Irree-magh.<ref name=":0" /> == Imraaghyn == {{Reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commons category}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20230205132858/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/reels/nai000075502/ Seaghán Mac Diarmada], [[Sleih-earroo Nerin, 1911]] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Diarmada, Sean Mac}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1883]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1916]] [[Ronney:Commee currit gy baase ayns Irree-magh y Chaisht]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn firryn Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn Yernagh noi'n Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghteyryn Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Irreyderyn magh Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Olteynyn Vraarys Pobblaghtagh Nerin]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Coontae Lheeahtrim]] [[Ronney:Fo-screeudeyryn Fogrey-magh Phobblaght Nerin]] h7v1ittwejwlvbl594goitjj662mcfi 0 10942 386653 356596 2026-07-25T14:39:50Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | boayl_ruggyr = [[Châlons-sur-Marne]], [[Reeriaght y Rank]] | boayl_baaish = [[Massy, Essonne|Massy]], Reeriaght y Rank | date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1841|6|1|1749|11|17}} }} Va '''Nicolas Appert''' (17 Sauin 1749 &ndash; 1 Mean Souree 1841) ny ynlaghteyr [[Yn Rank|Frangagh]] ass [[Châlons-en-Champagne]]. Ta enney er er son ynlaghey freayltys jeen noi aer bee. Va'n ennym "ayr stainnaghey" currit er. == Jeeagh er neesht == * [[Bee]] * [[Stainnaghey]] ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120306195837/http://hyperhistory.net/apwh/bios/b2appert.htm Ayr y Stainnaghey] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904053635/http://www.appert-aina.com/ Appert-aina.com] *[https://nicolasappert.nl/ Sheshaght Studeyrys Nicolas Appert] {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Appert, Nicolas}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1749]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1841]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Freayltys bee]] [[Ronney:Ard-choagyraghyn Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Châlons-en-Champagne]] {{bun}} acgvj0rh8goixxdezr0b9ms7rmaj1j5 0 11292 386640 384211 2026-07-25T14:33:04Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 386640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ymmydynelley|yn najooree Albinagh-Americaanagh|fir elley as yn ennym cheddin oc|John Muir (reddaghey)}} {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Muir portrait 1872.jpg | fo-heidyl = John Muir 'sy vlein 1872 | boayl_ruggyr = [[Dùn Barra]], [[Lodainn Hiar]], Nalbin | boayl_baaish = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], SUA | ennit = Cur er bun y [[Sierra Club]] }} Va '''John Muir''' (21 Averil 1838 &ndash; 24 Mee ny Nollick 1914) ny najooree, screeudeyr, as greinneyder son freayltys eaynee ny [[Steatyn Unnaneysit America|Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. Screeu eh lettyryn, artyn as lioaryn er e chontoyrtyssyn 'syn 'aasagh, ayns [[Sierra Nevada (SUA)|Sierra Nevada]] er lheh, as adsyn er nyn lhiah ec millioonyn dy 'leih. Va laue echey ayns bun y [[Sierra Club]], as eshyn mastey sheshaghtyn freayltys smoo scanshoil ny Steatyn Unnaneysit jiu. Va cummaght mooar ec ny screeu eh er y [[gleashaght 'reayltys|ghleashaght 'reayltys]] jeianagh. ==Aegid== Va John Muir ruggit ayns [[Dùn Barra]], [[Lodainn Hiar]], [[Nalbin]]. She Daniel Muir as Ann Gilrye va'n ayr as y voir echey. Va shiaght paitçhyn elley oc: Margaret, Sarah, David, Daniel, Ann as Mary (lannoonyn), as Joanna (ruggit ayns America). Screeu eh 'sy hene-veashnys echey er ny keirdyn v'echey ayns eash y ghuilley, goaill stiagh caggey (aayannoo caggee vooar ass shennaghys ny h-Albey, ny caggey er y voayl cloie) as shirrey idd ean.<ref name = "Muirboyhood">{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Muir | kied = John | ennym = The Story of My Boyhood and Youth | soilsheyder = Houghton Mifflin Co. | date = 1916 | duillag = 25, 37 |kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=FDsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA25 }}</ref> [[Coadan:JohnMuirFountianLakeFarm.jpg|thumb|left|Entreilys da [[Fountain Lake Farm]] faggys da [[Portage, Wisconsin]]]] Ayns 1849, darree lught-thie Vuir da ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, as hug ad bun er [[gowaltys]] faggys da [[Portage, Wisconsin]]. She [[Fountain Lake Farm]] v'ayn, as eshyn ny [[National Historic Landmark|Boayl Shennaghyssagh Ashoonagh]] nish.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2095&ResourceType=Site | ennym = Fountain Lake Farm (Wisconsin Farm Home of John Muir) | obbyr = National Historic Landmarks Program | datefeddyn = 2009-01-04 }}</ref> Dooyrt [[Stephen Fox (screeudeyr)|Stephen Fox]] nagh row credjue ny claightey [[yn Agglish Albinagh]] jeeragh dy liooar er lesh ayr Vuir, as shen y fa darree ad as hie ad stiagh ayns cohionnal y [[Gleashaght Aachroo|Ghleashaght Aachroo]] Champbellagh. Rere y choontys echey, lesh 11 vlein d'eash, foddee Muir aaloayrt y lane [[Conaant Noa]] as y chooid smoo jeh'n [[Shenn Chonaant|Çhenn Chonaant]] "er çhengey as ec pian foalley".<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Fox | kied = Stephen R. | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 1985 | duillag = 30 | isbn = 9780299106348 | ennym = The American conservation movement : John Muir and his legacy }}</ref> Agh rish eash ghooinney, cha row cair-chredjue cur er ve fud y cheilley. Ayns screeuyn da e charrey veen Emily Pelton, er 23 Mee Vayrnt 1865, screeu eh, "Cha ren mee eab erbee dy ‘aagail magh credjue ny cliaghtaghyn ard-veenid; hie ad ersooyl er nyn goontey hene... gyn faagail nyn yei ennaghtyn yuail erbee." Ayns screeuyn elley, dooyrt eh er Crooder rere'n eie cadjin: "nhee cho laue-jeant as babban cloie erbee ayns thie-cloie lheng".<ref>{{enmyslioar | screeudeyr = Wolfe, Linnie Marsh | ennym = Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = Alfred A. Knopf | blein = 1945 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Ny yei shen, she dooinney crauee dy liooar v'ayn, as screeu eh: "Ta shin ooilley stroo jeh un 'arrane: Annym. Ta cagh ny vess yn un ghraih. Cha nel Jaa çheet rish, as stroo magh, jeh scaanyn keyley as mysh çhibbraghyn towlit ayns shoh as ayns shen ayns reih vuill, agh t'Eh thooilley ayns strooghyn mooar gyn scarrey, gyn traie, gyn cagliagh harrish credjueyn as cummaghyn as dagh sorçh dy chultoor as sleih as baagh, lhienney as farranaghey y clane."<ref>Screeuyn da [[w:Catharine Merrill|Miss Catharine Merrill]], jeh New Sentinel Hotel, Yosemite Valley (9 Mean Sourey 1872); Ayns ''Life and Letters of John Muir'', Badè'</ref> Ec 22 vlein d'eash, hie Muir stiagh ayns [[Ollooscoill Wisconsin-Madison]] er yn argid b’lesh hene. Dynsee eh e chied lessoon lus-oayllee fo billey locust doo ard faggys da North Hall. Hayrn studeyr elley blaa jeh'n villey, as ren eh ymmyd jeh son dy hoilshaghey magh dy row y locust ard mastey kynney pishyragh, as mooinjer y pishyr trudlagh. Daeed blein jeih ny s'anmey, screeu Muir er y laa ayns eh hene-veashnys: "Hug y lessoon braew shoh eunys orrym as hug eh orrym roie da ny keylljyn as lheeannee lesh ard-jeeanid."<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Muir | kied = John | ennym = The Story of My Boyhood and Youth | soilsheyder = Houghton Mifflin Co. | date = 1916|page = 225 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=FDsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA225}}</ref> Ren Muir briwnys quaagh mastey ny brastylyn, as cha daink eh rieau ass kied cheim ny studeyryn er y choontey shen. Ta ny recortyssyn cur stayd "fer neuchinjagh" er, agh ga nagh ghow eh keim erbee, dynsee eh creg-oaylleeaght as lus-oaylleeaght dy liooar dy chur baght er rouail e vea s'anmey.<ref name = "Miller36">{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Miller | kied = Rod | ennym = John Muir: Magnificent Tramp | soilsheyder = Macmillan | date = 2005|page = 36 | isbn = 9780765310712 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=TmUudRnNmOIC&pg=PA36}}</ref> Ayns 1864, daag eh yn ollooscoill as hie eh dys [[yn Chanadey]], raad cheau eh arrey, sourey as fouyr lesh wandrail ayns ny keylljyn as curree er çheu [[Logh Huron]] as çhaglym lossreeyn. Lesh yn argid echey goan dy liooar as geurey çheet er, hie eh da Ontario, as dobbyr eh marish e vraar Daniel ayns mwyllin saauederagh, derrey sourey 1865. Ta [[Roderick Nash]] er ngra dy row Muir jannoo troailtys ‘syn Chanadey myr troailtys ‘syn ‘aasagh son dy haghney sidooraght, agh rere screeuyn Linnie Marsh Wolfe, ren Muir briwnys, mannagh ragh eh er reih ‘sy [[yllagh gys shirveish caggee|gherrym caggee]] (as cha jagh), beagh eh wandrail rish tammylt ayns faasee yn Chanadey.<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Nash | kied = Roderick | ennym = The Rights of Nature | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 1989 | duillag = 38–39 | isbn = 9780299118440 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=f9tJZz6jDUIC&pg=PA38 }}</ref><ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Marsh Wolfe | kied = Linnie | ennym = Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 2003 | page = 90 | isbn = 9780299186340 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=oSh7MPGvBbsC&pg=PA90 }}</ref> Dobbyr eh ‘sy wyllin derrey Mee Vayrnt 1866, as eisht hie eh erash da ny Steatyn Unnaneysit dy obbraghey myr [[jeshaghteyr]] ayns [[Indianapolis]]. Ayns Mee Vayrnt 1867, darree drogh-haghyrt bollagh e vea. Ren slieeuan geyre thiolley e hooill yesh, as v’eh doal dy shallidagh. As eshyn smooinaghtyn dy row eh doal dy beayn, as soo y tooill sheeley dys e laue, dooyrt eh ny s’anmey: “Beign er varroo raad hass mee, dy arryltagh.” Lurg da kiare shiaghteeyn ayns shamyr dorraghey, slanee y tooill son y chooid smoo, as hie eh er cosheeaght veg. Ec çheet erash, v’eh soit er lhiantyn rish e yeearree e hene, as ronsaghey as studeyrys er lossreeyn y yannoo.<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Marsh Wolfe | kied = Linnie | ennym = Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 2003 | duillag = 97–105 | isbn = 9780299186340 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=oSh7MPGvBbsC&pg=PA97 }}</ref> Ayns Mee Houney 1867, hooill Muir mysh 1000 meeilley roish [[Indiana]] dys [[Florida]] (screeu eh coontys jeh ‘sy lioar ''A Thousand-Mile Walk to the Gulf''). Cha row coorse erbee reiht echey, agh dy gholl “rish y raad s’fadanee, s’duillagee as sloo er ny ghaaghey dod mee feddyn.”. Rish roshtyn Florida, v’eh fosyn lhuingys er baatey y ghoaill dys America Yiass, as wandrail ny smoo ayns shen. Agh huitt eh fo malaarey er [[Slyst yn Eearvooiar]], as myr shen daag eh ny shalee v’echey bentyn rish America Jiass. Ayns ynnyd jeh shen, hiauill eh dys [[York Noa]] as ghow eh lhuingys dys California.<ref name = "Miller36">{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Miller | kied = Rod | ennym = John Muir: Magnificent Tramp | soilsheyder = Macmillan | date = 2005 | duillag = 40–41 | isbn = 9780765310712 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=TmUudRnNmOIC&pg=PA40 }}</ref> ==California== Lurg da roshtyn ayns [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] ayns Mee Vayrnt 1868, daag Muir er y chooyl dys boayl nagh row eh agh lhaih myechione: Yosemite. Lesh y chied shilley er [[Glion Yosemite]], hug ee druiaght er, as screeu eh: “Cha nel çhiamble erbee jeant lesh laueyn cosoylaghey rish Yosemite... Smoo jeh ooilley sur-hiamblyn Najoor.”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.pbs.org/nationalparks/people/historical/muir/ |access-date=2009-10-12 |archive-date=2009-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007031433/http://www.pbs.org/nationalparks/people/historical/muir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lurg keayrt hoght laghyn, haink eh erash dys cruink veggey y Sierra Nevada as dobbyr eh myr fer assaig, bochilley as brisheyder cabbil. Ayns Mee ny Boaldys 1869, hug ransheyr enmyssit Pat Delaney obbyr souree da Muir, freayll arrey er kirree as bochilley Ghelaney. Ghow eh rish dy jeean, as cheau eh y tourey myrane lesh ny kirree ayns slyst Yosemite. Ghrapp eh [[Cathedral Peak (California)|Cathedral Peak]] as [[Mount Dana]], as hooill eh shenn raad ny [[Sleih dooghyssagh America|h-Injinee]] sheese [[Bloody Canyon]] dys [[Mono Lake]]. Va'n traa soccar echey currit da oaylleeaght, [[creg-oaylleeaght]] er lheh, as haink eh dy ve shickyr dy nee awinyn rioee v'er nyannoo y ghlion as yn ard mygeayrt eck. Va'n eie shen shassoo noi yn eie cadjin v'ayn, liorish [[Josiah Whitney]] (kione y [[California Geological Survey]]), as shen gra dy nee craa-hallooin ard-vooar v'er groo y ghlion. Lesh skeaylley eieyn Vuir, ren Whitney eab anghoo er y chur lesh gra dy nee ancheirdagh as meehustagh v'ayn. Agh er lesh ard-chreg-oayllee y laa, [[Louis Agassiz]], va eieyn Vuir feeu, as dooyrt eh dy nee "y chied dooinney ta mee er ngeddyn as toiggalys dy liooar echey er obbyr awin rioee." <ref name="glacial-action">{{enmyslioar | ennym = John Muir : his life and letters and other writings | duillag = 322 | cabdil = Trees and Travel | aaraa = ...The reply to this letter was written by Mrs. Agassiz, in which she told me that, when Agassiz read my letter, he said excitedly "Here is the first man I have ever found who has any adequate conception of glacial action."... (Screeuyn da Robert Underwood Johnson; Martinez, 3 Mee Vayrnt, 1895) | çhengey = Baarle | screeudeyr = Terry Gifford (re.) | isbn = 9780898864632 | soilsheyder = The Mountaineers Books }}</ref> Ayns 1871, hoor Muir awin rioee bio fo [[Merced Peak]], as hug shen cooney da ny eieyn v'eh cur roish. 'sy vlein cheddin, haink feniagh Vuir, [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], dys Yosemite as haink eh lesh shilley er Muir. Va shenn olloo Vuir ec Ollooscoill Wisconsin, [[Ezra Carr]], as y ven echey dy ghreinnaghey ny h-eieyn echey y chur magh. Haink ad lhieu Muir dys quaiyl fir ennymoil, goaill stiagh [[Louis Agassiz]], [[John Tyndall]], [[John Torrey]], [[Clinton Hart Merriam]], as [[Joseph LeConte]]. [[Coadan:John Muir NHS.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[John Muir National Historic Site|Thie ny Muiryn]] ayns [[Martinez, California]].]] Haghyr [[Craa-hallooin Lone Pine 1872|craa-hallooin mooar]] faggys da [[Lone Pine, California]] ayns [[Glion Owens]] ayns Mee Vayrnt, 1872, as v'eh ry-ennaghtyn ayns Glion Yosemite. Ghooisht eh Muir leah 'sy voghrey as roie eh magh y bwaane echey, "boggey as aggle er", as eh fockley magh "craa-hallooin oasle!" Fir elley 'sy ghlion, as adsyn credjal eieyn Whitney foast, va aggle orroo dy beagh y craa-hallooin cowraghey duinaghey craghoil y ghlion. Cha row lheid yn aggle er Muir, as ren eh towshan ass laue jeh carnaneyn creoilagh noa jeant ec skyrraghyn thallooin liorish y chraa-hallooin.<ref name="earthquake">{{enmyslioar | ennym = Our National Parks | screeudeyr = John Muir | blein = 1901 | soilsheyder = Houghton, Mifflin & Co. | boayl = Cambridge (SUA) | duillag = 262 | kiangley = http://www.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/writings/the_earthquake.html | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Chammah's yn obbyr creg-oaylleeagh, ren Muir studeyrys er lossreeyn yn ard Yosemite. Ayns 1873 as 1874, ren eh obbyr 'sy vagher er boayn sheear y Sierra, bentyn rish scaalhean as eggoaylleeaght keylljyn [[Sequoia Vooar]]. Ayns 1880, phoos Muir as Louisa Wanda Strentzel. Va ransh mooar lesh yn ayr as moir eck, ayns [[Martinez, California]], as rish y jeig bleeantyn ny yei, hug eh eh hene da reirey y ransh. V'eh speeideilagh dy liooar. Rish y traa shoh, rug ny h-inneenyn oc, Wanda as Helen. Ec e vaase, daag eh ny yei cooid seihlt SU$250,000. Ta'n thie as rheynn jeh'n ransh y [[John Muir National Historic Site|Boayl Shennaghyssagh Ashoonagh John Muir]] jiu.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/jomu/home.html | ennym = John Muir National Historic Site | datefeddyn = 2009-10-10 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> ==Troailtys 'sy heear-hwoaie == Rish shiaght bleeantyn reirey y ransh, haink drogh-laynt er. Lesh brod e ven, hie eh erash da ny cruink dy aagheddyn e hene. Ghrapp eh [[Mount Rainier]] as screeu eh ''Ascent of Mount Rainier'' myechione. Hie eh marish possan dys [[Wrangel Island]] er y [[USS Corwin (1876)|USS Corwin]], as daggyr ad yn ellan son ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ayns 1881.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/the_cruise_of_the_corwin/introduction.html | ennym = The Cruise of the Corwin | screeudeyr = John Muir | soilsheyder = Houghton Mifflin Company | boayl = Boston and New York | blein = 1917 | datefeddyn = 2008-09-05}}</ref> Screeu eh er y chooish 'sy lioar ''The Cruise of the Corwin''. ==Obbraghyn freayltys == Hug Muir laue mooar ayns freayltys. V'eh fakin Yosemite as y Sierra as roie-thallooyn nagh lhisagh goll er sooilley.<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | screeudeyr = John Muir | ennym = Features of the Proposed Yosemite National Park | kiangley = http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/features_of_the_proposed_yosemite_national_park/ | earishlioar = The Century Magazine | earroo = 5 | mee = Mean Fouyir | blein = 1890 | datefeddyn = 2007-04-08 | ym-lioar = XL }}</ref> Er lesh dy nee sthock, kirree er lheh, va baggyrt smoo da'n ard, as hug eh "kellee-rennee chrubbagh" orroo. Ayns Mean Souree 1889, champ co-reagheyder yn earishlioar ''[[Century (earishlioar)|Century]]'', [[Robert Underwood Johnson]], marish Muir ayns [[Tuolumne Meadows]] as honnick eh feanish bunneydagh jeh'n jeeyl va shioltane dy chirree er nyaoo da'n vanjagh. Choard eh dy hoilshaghey magh art erbee screeuys Muir er dooney magh sthock jeh'n Sierra. Choard eh myrgeddin dy yannoo ymmyd jeh'n chummaght echey son dy chur stiagh billey ayns [[Congress]] son dy yannoo pairk ashoonagh jeh Yosemite, rere cummey [[Yellowstone National Park]]. Er 30 Mean Fouyir 1890, slattyssee Congress ny SU slattys, rere treealtys Vuir ayns daa art ayns ''Century'' son y chooid smoo: ''The Treasure of the Yosemite'' as ''Features of the Proposed National Park'', er nyn soilshaghey magh ayns 1890. Agh b'treih lesh clashtyn dy daag y slattys Glion Yosemite fo stiurey y steat. ==Sierra Club== {{ardart|Sierra Club}} Leah ayns 1892, haink yn Olloo Henry Senger, ny [[fockle-oaylleeaght|'ockle-oayllee]] ec [[Ollooscoill Chalifornia, Berkeley]] da quaiyl Vuir as eh fo possan alphagh y chroo son sleih slieauagh. Hug magh Senger as Warren Olney cuirraghyn "ry-hoi croo 'Sierra Club'. Bee John Muir yn eaghtyrane." Er 28 Mee ny Boaldyn, 1892, chumm ad çhaglym bunnee y [[Sierra Club]] son dy screeu banglaneyn cochorpaghey. Shiaghtin ny yei shen, denmys ad Muir myr eaghtyrane, Olney myr fo-eaghtyrane, as boayrd ny stiureyderyn ghow stiagh [[David Starr Jordan]], as eshyn eaghtyrane [[Ollooscoill Stanford]]. Hannee Muir ny eaghtyrane derrey hooar eh baase, 22 vlein ny s'anmey.<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Fox | kied = Stephen R. | ennym = The American Conservation Movement: John Muir and His Legacy | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 1985 | duillag = 107–108 | isbn = 9780299106348 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=kV1_k5vSuOMC&pg=PA107 }}</ref><ref name = "Colby">{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://www.owensvalleyhistory.com/stories1/story_of_sierra_club.pdf | ennym = The Story of the Sierra Club | sjerree = Colby | kied = William | date = December, 1967|work = Sierra Club Bulletin | soilsheyder = Sierra Club|accessdate = 2009-02-26 }}</ref> Ghow y Sierra Club toshiaght çhelleeragh dy hassoo noi shaleeyn [[Yosemite National Park]] y liehaghey, as chumm ad çhaglymyn ynsee as oayllee. Ec fer jeu, ayns fouyr 1895, resoon ad er cur er bun 'buill cheylley er lheh'; harragh y lheid y ve [[Keylljyn Ashoonagh (SUA)|Keylljyn Ashoonagh]] ny s'anmey. Va laue mooar ec y Tierra Club 'sy troddan rahoil Pairk Ashoonagh Yosemite dy astreeaghey ass stiurey y steat dys stiurey conastagh, ayns 1906. Ghow ad orroo hene y chaggey [[Glion Hetch Hetchy]] y hauail, ga dy row shiartanse dy olteyryn scanshoil ayns San Francisco noi shen. Fy yerrey, ren ad teiy as chowree eh dy row mooar-chooid y phossan son shassoo noi [[Doour Hetch Hetchy]]. <ref name = "Colby"/> ==Tashtey noi freayltys == Ayns Jerrey Souree 1896, haink Muir dy cho-obbraghey marish [[Gifford Pinchot]], ny 'er scanshoil 'sy ghleashaght 'reayltys. She kied ard-chione [[United States Forest Service|Shirveish Keylley ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] v'ayn, as eh ny loayrtagh son ymmyd yn-ymmyrkey chooid najooragh son vondeish ny sleih. Fy-yerrey, va meechoardailys eddyr y ghaa, as shen taishbyney daa varel er ymmyd chooid najooragh ny çheerey. Va Pinchot fakin freayltys myr saase cooid najooragh yn ashoon y reirey son ymmyd traghtee yn-ymmyrkey foddey. Myr keylljeyder keirdee, er lesh: "she eirinys eh obbyr keylley", gyn stroie yn-veaghey foddey ny keylljyn.<ref name = "Meyer">{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree = Meyer | kied = John M. | date = Winter, 1997 | ennym = Gifford Pinchot, John Muir, and the Boundaries of Politics in American Thought | earishlioar = Polity | soilsheyder = Palgrave MacMillan | ym-lioar = 30|earroo = 2 | duillag = 267–284 | kiangley = http://www.jstor.org/stable/3235219 | datefeddyn = 2008-12-14 |doi = 10.2307/3235219 }}</ref> Er lesh Muir, va feeu najoor ny troyn anmey as tarcheimneeoil. Ayns art er ny Pairkyn Ashoonagh, hug eh orroo "buill son fea, breeaghys, as padjeryn." V'eh cliaghtey greinnaghey ard-valjee dy 'akin najoor son beaghey ny h-anmey. Va'n daa 'er shassoo noi doo-heyrey chooid najooragh, goaill stiagh [[lane-lhieggey]] keylljyn. Va eer Muir goaill rish dy row feme ain er aamaid as ny keylljyn er-e-hon, agh va barel feer ny smoo lhome-ymmydoil ec Pinochet er reirey faasee..<ref name = "Meyer"/> Vrish y caarjys eddyr oc anmagh 'sy tourey 1897, liorish Pinchot cur magh art ayns pabyr-naight [[Seattle]] son fassaghey kirree ayns thalloo freaylt keylley. Hass Muir eddin ry eddin rish Pinchot as daggyr eh soilsheydys jeh. Lesh Pinchot g'aa-raa y barel, dinsh Muir da: "Cha mel nee son bentyn rhyt reesht." Daase y meechoardailys shoh as rheynn eh y ghleashaght 'reayltys ayns daa phossan: freaylleyderyn, fo Muir, as possan Phinochet ghow toshiaght "tashteyderyn" y chur orroo hene. Resoon ad ayns earishlioaryn, myr sampleyr, ''Outlook'', ''Harper's Weekly'', ''Atlantic Monthly'', ''World's Work'', as ''Century''. Va'n daa varel ry-akin reesht lesh briwnys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit er cur doour er [[Glion Hetch Hetchy]] ny dyn. Va Pinchot son dooar urree y chur: "ymmyd s'ardjey oddagh oo jannoo j'ee". Er y laue elley, dooyrt Muir: "Doour er Hetch Hetchy y chur! Cho mie doee ushtey y yannoo jeh kialteenyn as ard-çhiambleyn ny sleih, son nagh row çhiamble s'nooey er ny chasherickey rieau ec creeghyn deiney.""<ref name = "Meyer"/> [[Coadan:Muir and Roosevelt restored.jpg|thumb|Roosevelt as Muir]] Ayns 1903, hie yn Eaghtyrane [[Theodore Roosevelt]] marish Muir er turrys dys Yosemite. Loayrt Muir da'n eaghtyrane er meestiurey steat y ghlion, as doo-seyrey rank jeh cooid y ghlion. Eer roish daue roshtyn y phairk, v'eh er shickyraghey Roosevelt dy beagh yn aght share y phairk y choadey ish y chur fo stiurey conastagh. Erreish da goll stiagh 'sy phairk as fakin aalid y ghlion, hirr eh er Muir eshyn y hoilshaghey da y "feer" Yosemite. Hie ad ersooyl, nyn lomarcan agh son coagragh as fer ymmyrkee, as champ ad 'sy çheer feie. Loayr ad anmagh 'syn oie, as ren ad cadley mooie fo'n speyr. Huitt sniaghtey oor orroo 'sy voghrey. Ayns 1905, hug [[Congress]] [[Mariposa Grove]] as Glion Yosemite fo stiurey conastagh.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Encylopaedia Britannica | kiangley = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/543339/Sierra-Club#ref=ref849675 | cabdil = Sierra Club | datefeddyn = 2009-10-12 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Hooar ben Vuir, Louise, baase er 6 Mee Luanistyn 1905. ==Hetch Hetchy== Daase mian doour y chur er yn [[Awin Tuolumne]], son dy yannoo tasht ushtey son [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]]. Va Muir slane noi y doour, as er lesh dy row Hetch Hetchy ny s'aaley na eer Glion Yosemite. Chagg Muir as y Sierra Club noi rish feed blein, goaill stiagh screeu dys Roosevelt hene. Fy-yerrey, hug eiyrtyssagh Roosevelt, [[Woodrow Wilson]] kied da'n slattys er 19 Mee ny Nollick, 1913. She juail mooar da Muir v'ayn, as y caggey sjerree mooar echey. ==Baase== Hooar John Muir baase jeh niumoan ec thie-lheeys California ([[California Hospital Medical Center]] jiu) er 24 Mee ny Nollick, 1914.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Obituary: John Muir | kiangley = http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/lsc&CISOPTR=3432&DMSCALE=50.00000&DMWIDTH=600&DMHEIGHT=600&DMX=0&DMY=840&DMMODE=viewer&DMTEXT=&REC=16&DMTHUMB=1&DMROTATE=0 }}</ref><ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Obituary: John Muir | kiangley = http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0421.html | screeudeyr = On this Day | datefeddyn = 2007-04-23 }}</ref> ==Eiyrtys as aundyryn== Ta enmyn ny buill fo er son Muir: *Muir Knoll, Ollooscoill Wisconsin–Madison; *[[Mount Muir]]; *[[Awin Rioee Muir]], Alaska; *Tree Raadyn John Muir (ayns [[John Muir Trail|California]], [[John Muir Trail (Tennessee)|Tennessee]], as Wisconsin); *[[John Muir Wilderness|Faasagh John Muir]]; *[[Muir Woods National Monument]] faggys da [[San Francisco]]; *[[John Muir High School]]; *John Muir Middle School (Los Angeles, California and Wausau, Wisconsin); *John Muir Elementary School (Madison, Wisconsin); *[[John Muir Elementary School]] (Parma, Ohio); *[[John Muir College]] (colleish yn [[Ollooscoill Chalifornia, San Diego]]); *[[John Muir Country Park]], ayns Dùn Barra * [[John Muir Way]] ayns Lodainn Hiar; *[[John Muir Health|John Muir Medical Center]] ayns Concord as Walnut Creek, California; *y [[roltageagh]] (128523) John Muir; *Muir's Peak ec Mount Shasta, California (ny keayrtyn, "Black Butte"); *Mount Muir (yrjey 4688') ayns Angeles National Forest, California, faggys da Pasadena<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Peak List of the Lower Peaks Section of the Angeles Chapter of the Sierra Club | kiangley = http://angeles.sierraclub.org/lpc | screeudeyr = Sierra Club }}</ref> *[[Camp Muir]] ayns Mount Rainier National Park; *School of Life Sciences ec [[Ollooscoill Heriot-Watt]] ayns [[Doon Edin]], [[Nalbin]]; *John Muir Park (Green Bay, Wisconsin). Ta caslys jeh John Muir ry-akin er [[kerroo-dollar steat]] Chalifornia 2005. Ta aaraa echey er y [[Indianapolis Prize]] Lilly Medal son frealtys. Er 6 Mee ny Nollick 2006, ren [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] gynshellooaghey John Muir stiagh 'sy [[California Hall of Fame]] ec [[The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts]]. {{-}} ==Jeeagh er reesht== * [[Boayl ruggyree Yohn Muir]] * [[Rolley buill ayns Lodainn Hiar]] * [[John Muir Trust]] * [[John Muir Way]] ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} === Ard-vinn=== *[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=John%20Muir%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts Obbraghyn Yohn Muir] ec [[Internet Archive]]. Lhiegganyn caslys bunneydagh ayns leayrtys-choipyn. *Caslyssyn-soilshey, earishlioaryn, as caslyssyn jeh ny John Muir Papers ec the [http://library.pacific.edu/ha/digital/index.asp Çhaglymyn Bun-earrooagh Ollooscoill ny Sheealtagh]. === Binn elley === * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Austin | kied = Richard C. | ennym = Baptized into wilderness: A Christian perspective on John Muir | soilsheyder = [[Creekside Press]]| blein = 1991}} *{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Cronon | kied = William, ed. | blein = 1997 | ennym = John Muir: Nature Writings: The Story of My Boyhood and Youth; My kied Summer in the Sierra; The Mountains of California; Stickeen; Essays | soilsheyder = [[Library of America]] | isbn = 978-1-88301124-6}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Ehrlich | kied = Gretel | blein = 2000 | ennym = John Muir: Nature's Visionary | soilsheyder = [[National Geographic]] | isbn = 0-7922-7954-9}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Fox | kied = Stephen | blein = 1981 | ennym = The American Conservation Movement: John Muir And His Legacy | soilsheyder = Little, Brown and Company | isbn = 0-316-29110-2}} * {{enmysearishlioar | screeudeyr = Meyer, John M. | blein = 1997 | mee = | ennym = Gifford Pinchot, John Muir, and the Boundaries of Politics in American Thought | earishlioar = [[Polity (disambiguation)|Polity]] | ym-lioar = 30 | earroo = 2 | duillag = 267–284 | id = ISSN 0032-3497| doi = 10.2307/3235219}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Miller | kied = Char | blein = 2001 | ennym = Gifford Pinchot and the Making of Modern Environmentalism | soilsheyder = Island Press | isbn = 1-55963-822-2}} * {{enmysearishlioar | screeudeyr = O'Casey, Terrence | date = 24 September 2006 | ennym = John Muir: God's Preacher of Creation | earishlioar = Christian Standard | unused_data = |http://www.christianstandard.com/articledisplay.asp?id=414}} * {{enmysearishlioar | screeudeyr = Smith, Michael B. | blein = 1998 | mee = Mean Souree | ennym = The Value of a Tree: Public Debates of John Muir and Gifford Pinchot | earishlioar = The Historian | ym-lioar = 60 | earroo = 4 | duillag = 757–778 | id = ISSN 0018-2370}} | doi = 10.1111/j.1540-6563.1998.tb01414.x}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Turner | kied = Fredrick | blein = 1985 | ennym = Rediscovering America, John Muir in His Time and Ours | soilsheyder = [[Viking Press]] | isbn = 0-87156-704-0}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Williams | kied = Dennis | blein = 2002 | ennym = God's Wilds: John Muir's Vision of Nature | soilsheyder = Texas A&M University Press | isbn = 1-58544-143-0}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Wolfe | kied = Linnie Marsh | blein = 1945 | ennym = Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = [[University of Wisconsin Press]] | isbn = 0-299-18634-2}} ( [[Pulitzer Prize]] son beashnys, 1946) * {{enmysearishlioar| url = http://www.historycooperative.org/earishlioars/eh/10.1/worster.html| ennym = John Muir and the Modern Passion for hey Nature| kied = Donald| sjerree = Worster | earishlioar = Environmental History| ym-lioar = 10(1)| duillag = 8–19| mee = Jerrey Geuree | blein = 2005}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Worster | kied = Donald | blein = 2008 | ennym = A Passion for Nature: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0195166828}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Wuerthner | kied = George | blein = 1994 | ennym = Yosemite: A Visitor's Companion | soilsheyder = Stackpole Books | duillag = 25–37 | isbn = 0-8117-2598-7}} === Lioaryn elley=== * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Sachs | kied = Aaron | blein = 2006 | ennym = The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism | soilsheyder = Viking Press | isbn = 0-670-03775-3}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commonscat|John Muir}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Screeudeyr Wikisource}} *[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A(texts)%20-contributor%3Agutenberg%20AND%20(subject%3A%22Muir%2C%20John%2C%201838-1914%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Muir%2C%20John%2C%201838-1914%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22John%20Muir%22%20OR%20ennym%3A%22John%20Muir%22%20OR%20description%3A%22John%20Muir%22) Lioaryn er ny liorish John Muir] ec [[Internet Archive]] *{{Screeudeyr Gutenberg|id = John_Muir | ennym = John Muir}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210421202109/http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/ John Muir Writings]. Slane lioaryn eddyrlhieen *[https://web.archive.org/web/20201114002430/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=1224 Screeuyn 1861-1914] eddyrlhieen ec [https://web.archive.org/web/20051028075712/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/wisconsin-name/ Wisconsin Historical Society] *[http://library.pacific.edu/ha/muir/index.asp John Muir Papers]. Fys er Pabyryn John Muir as stoo bentyn rish ec [[Ollooscoill ny Sheealtagh (Steatyn Unnaneysit)|Ollooscoill ny Sheealtagh]]. *[http://www.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/ John Muir] ec y Tierra Club *[http://www.johnmuir.org/ John Muir Global Network] *[http://www.nps.gov/jomu/ John Muir National Historic Site] jeh [[National Park Service]] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929071334/http://www.djma.org.uk/djma/ Friends of John Muir's Birthplace (John Muir Association Ghùn Barra, dy row)], Nalbin *[http://www.jmbt.org.uk/ John Muir Birthplace Trust] Nalbin *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130403181437/http://www.jmt.org/news.asp?s=2&cat=Award&nid=JMT-N10641 John Muir Trust] Nalbin *[http://digital.statelib.lib.in.us/db/markers_display.asp?id=9 John Muir In Indianapolis Historical Marker] *[http://www.johnmuir.org/canada/ Canadian Friends of John Muir (CFJM) website] *[http://www.johnmuirproject.org/ John Muir Project] Protecting Federal Public Forest Lands {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muir, John}} [[Ronney:John Muir| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1838]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1914]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn lus-oaylleeaght Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Lus-oaylleeyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Freilleyderyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn traaght firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ronseyderyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Creg-oaylleeyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Drappeyderyn sleityn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Najooree Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn najoor Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn neu-farskeealaght firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn çhymmyltaghtoil Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Shalee Hetch Hetchy]] [[Ronney:Troagyraghyn]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Sierra Nevada (ny Steatyn Unnaneysit)]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Martinez, California]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Dùn Barra]] [[Ronney:Pairk Ashoonaght Yosemite]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn lus-oaylleeaght Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Lus-oaylleeyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Freilleyderyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh Albinagh dys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn traaght firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Ronseyderyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Creg-oaylleeyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Drappeyderyn sleityn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Najooree Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn najoor Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Eaghtyraneyn Sierra Club]] il4uau4x401vpryq9qklyviaf4vijmy 386658 386640 2026-07-25T18:00:10Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 386658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ymmydynelley|yn najooree Albinagh-Americaanagh|fir elley as yn ennym cheddin oc|John Muir (reddaghey)}} {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Muir portrait 1872.jpg | fo-heidyl = John Muir 'sy vlein 1872 | boayl_ruggyr = [[Dùn Barra]], [[Lodainn Hiar]], Nalbin | boayl_baaish = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], SUA | ennit = Cur er bun y [[Sierra Club]] }} Va '''John Muir''' (21 Averil 1838 &ndash; 24 Mee ny Nollick 1914) ny najooree, screeudeyr, as greinneyder son freayltys eaynee ny [[Steatyn Unnaneysit America|Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. Screeu eh lettyryn, artyn as lioaryn er e chontoyrtyssyn 'syn 'aasagh, ayns [[Sierra Nevada (SUA)|Sierra Nevada]] er lheh, as adsyn er nyn lhiah ec millioonyn dy 'leih. Va laue echey ayns bun y [[Sierra Club]], as eshyn mastey sheshaghtyn freayltys smoo scanshoil ny Steatyn Unnaneysit jiu. Va cummaght mooar ec ny screeu eh er y [[gleashaght 'reayltys|ghleashaght 'reayltys]] jeianagh. ==Aegid== Va John Muir ruggit ayns [[Dùn Barra]], [[Lodainn Hiar]], [[Nalbin]]. She Daniel Muir as Ann Gilrye va'n ayr as y voir echey. Va shiaght paitçhyn elley oc: Margaret, Sarah, David, Daniel, Ann as Mary (lannoonyn), as Joanna (ruggit ayns America). Screeu eh 'sy hene-veashnys echey er ny keirdyn v'echey ayns eash y ghuilley, goaill stiagh caggey (aayannoo caggee vooar ass shennaghys ny h-Albey, ny caggey er y voayl cloie) as shirrey idd ean.<ref name = "Muirboyhood">{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Muir | kied = John | ennym = The Story of My Boyhood and Youth | soilsheyder = Houghton Mifflin Co. | date = 1916 | duillag = 25, 37 |kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=FDsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA25 }}</ref> [[Coadan:JohnMuirFountianLakeFarm.jpg|thumb|left|Entreilys da [[Fountain Lake Farm]] faggys da [[Portage, Wisconsin]]]] Ayns 1849, darree lught-thie Vuir da ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, as hug ad bun er [[gowaltys]] faggys da [[Portage, Wisconsin]]. She [[Fountain Lake Farm]] v'ayn, as eshyn ny [[National Historic Landmark|Boayl Shennaghyssagh Ashoonagh]] nish.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2095&ResourceType=Site | ennym = Fountain Lake Farm (Wisconsin Farm Home of John Muir) | obbyr = National Historic Landmarks Program | datefeddyn = 2009-01-04 }}</ref> Dooyrt [[Stephen Fox (screeudeyr)|Stephen Fox]] nagh row credjue ny claightey [[yn Agglish Albinagh]] jeeragh dy liooar er lesh ayr Vuir, as shen y fa darree ad as hie ad stiagh ayns cohionnal y [[Gleashaght Aachroo|Ghleashaght Aachroo]] Champbellagh. Rere y choontys echey, lesh 11 vlein d'eash, foddee Muir aaloayrt y lane [[Conaant Noa]] as y chooid smoo jeh'n [[Shenn Chonaant|Çhenn Chonaant]] "er çhengey as ec pian foalley".<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Fox | kied = Stephen R. | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 1985 | duillag = 30 | isbn = 9780299106348 | ennym = The American conservation movement : John Muir and his legacy }}</ref> Agh rish eash ghooinney, cha row cair-chredjue cur er ve fud y cheilley. Ayns screeuyn da e charrey veen Emily Pelton, er 23 Mee Vayrnt 1865, screeu eh, "Cha ren mee eab erbee dy ‘aagail magh credjue ny cliaghtaghyn ard-veenid; hie ad ersooyl er nyn goontey hene... gyn faagail nyn yei ennaghtyn yuail erbee." Ayns screeuyn elley, dooyrt eh er Crooder rere'n eie cadjin: "nhee cho laue-jeant as babban cloie erbee ayns thie-cloie lheng".<ref>{{enmyslioar | screeudeyr = Wolfe, Linnie Marsh | ennym = Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = Alfred A. Knopf | blein = 1945 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Ny yei shen, she dooinney crauee dy liooar v'ayn, as screeu eh: "Ta shin ooilley stroo jeh un 'arrane: Annym. Ta cagh ny vess yn un ghraih. Cha nel Jaa çheet rish, as stroo magh, jeh scaanyn keyley as mysh çhibbraghyn towlit ayns shoh as ayns shen ayns reih vuill, agh t'Eh thooilley ayns strooghyn mooar gyn scarrey, gyn traie, gyn cagliagh harrish credjueyn as cummaghyn as dagh sorçh dy chultoor as sleih as baagh, lhienney as farranaghey y clane."<ref>Screeuyn da [[w:Catharine Merrill|Miss Catharine Merrill]], jeh New Sentinel Hotel, Yosemite Valley (9 Mean Sourey 1872); Ayns ''Life and Letters of John Muir'', Badè'</ref> Ec 22 vlein d'eash, hie Muir stiagh ayns [[Ollooscoill Wisconsin-Madison]] er yn argid b’lesh hene. Dynsee eh e chied lessoon lus-oayllee fo billey locust doo ard faggys da North Hall. Hayrn studeyr elley blaa jeh'n villey, as ren eh ymmyd jeh son dy hoilshaghey magh dy row y locust ard mastey kynney pishyragh, as mooinjer y pishyr trudlagh. Daeed blein jeih ny s'anmey, screeu Muir er y laa ayns eh hene-veashnys: "Hug y lessoon braew shoh eunys orrym as hug eh orrym roie da ny keylljyn as lheeannee lesh ard-jeeanid."<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Muir | kied = John | ennym = The Story of My Boyhood and Youth | soilsheyder = Houghton Mifflin Co. | date = 1916|page = 225 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=FDsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA225}}</ref> Ren Muir briwnys quaagh mastey ny brastylyn, as cha daink eh rieau ass kied cheim ny studeyryn er y choontey shen. Ta ny recortyssyn cur stayd "fer neuchinjagh" er, agh ga nagh ghow eh keim erbee, dynsee eh creg-oaylleeaght as lus-oaylleeaght dy liooar dy chur baght er rouail e vea s'anmey.<ref name = "Miller36">{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Miller | kied = Rod | ennym = John Muir: Magnificent Tramp | soilsheyder = Macmillan | date = 2005|page = 36 | isbn = 9780765310712 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=TmUudRnNmOIC&pg=PA36}}</ref> Ayns 1864, daag eh yn ollooscoill as hie eh dys [[yn Chanadey]], raad cheau eh arrey, sourey as fouyr lesh wandrail ayns ny keylljyn as curree er çheu [[Logh Huron]] as çhaglym lossreeyn. Lesh yn argid echey goan dy liooar as geurey çheet er, hie eh da Ontario, as dobbyr eh marish e vraar Daniel ayns mwyllin saauederagh, derrey sourey 1865. Ta [[Roderick Nash]] er ngra dy row Muir jannoo troailtys ‘syn Chanadey myr troailtys ‘syn ‘aasagh son dy haghney sidooraght, agh rere screeuyn Linnie Marsh Wolfe, ren Muir briwnys, mannagh ragh eh er reih ‘sy [[yllagh gys shirveish caggee|gherrym caggee]] (as cha jagh), beagh eh wandrail rish tammylt ayns faasee yn Chanadey.<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Nash | kied = Roderick | ennym = The Rights of Nature | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 1989 | duillag = 38–39 | isbn = 9780299118440 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=f9tJZz6jDUIC&pg=PA38 }}</ref><ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Marsh Wolfe | kied = Linnie | ennym = Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 2003 | page = 90 | isbn = 9780299186340 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=oSh7MPGvBbsC&pg=PA90 }}</ref> Dobbyr eh ‘sy wyllin derrey Mee Vayrnt 1866, as eisht hie eh erash da ny Steatyn Unnaneysit dy obbraghey myr [[jeshaghteyr]] ayns [[Indianapolis]]. Ayns Mee Vayrnt 1867, darree drogh-haghyrt bollagh e vea. Ren slieeuan geyre thiolley e hooill yesh, as v’eh doal dy shallidagh. As eshyn smooinaghtyn dy row eh doal dy beayn, as soo y tooill sheeley dys e laue, dooyrt eh ny s’anmey: “Beign er varroo raad hass mee, dy arryltagh.” Lurg da kiare shiaghteeyn ayns shamyr dorraghey, slanee y tooill son y chooid smoo, as hie eh er cosheeaght veg. Ec çheet erash, v’eh soit er lhiantyn rish e yeearree e hene, as ronsaghey as studeyrys er lossreeyn y yannoo.<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Marsh Wolfe | kied = Linnie | ennym = Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 2003 | duillag = 97–105 | isbn = 9780299186340 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=oSh7MPGvBbsC&pg=PA97 }}</ref> Ayns Mee Houney 1867, hooill Muir mysh 1000 meeilley roish [[Indiana]] dys [[Florida]] (screeu eh coontys jeh ‘sy lioar ''A Thousand-Mile Walk to the Gulf''). Cha row coorse erbee reiht echey, agh dy gholl “rish y raad s’fadanee, s’duillagee as sloo er ny ghaaghey dod mee feddyn.”. Rish roshtyn Florida, v’eh fosyn lhuingys er baatey y ghoaill dys America Yiass, as wandrail ny smoo ayns shen. Agh huitt eh fo malaarey er [[Slyst yn Eearvooiar]], as myr shen daag eh ny shalee v’echey bentyn rish America Jiass. Ayns ynnyd jeh shen, hiauill eh dys [[York Noa]] as ghow eh lhuingys dys California.<ref name = "Miller36">{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Miller | kied = Rod | ennym = John Muir: Magnificent Tramp | soilsheyder = Macmillan | date = 2005 | duillag = 40–41 | isbn = 9780765310712 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=TmUudRnNmOIC&pg=PA40 }}</ref> ==California== Lurg da roshtyn ayns [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] ayns Mee Vayrnt 1868, daag Muir er y chooyl dys boayl nagh row eh agh lhaih myechione: Yosemite. Lesh y chied shilley er [[Glion Yosemite]], hug ee druiaght er, as screeu eh: “Cha nel çhiamble erbee jeant lesh laueyn cosoylaghey rish Yosemite... Smoo jeh ooilley sur-hiamblyn Najoor.”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.pbs.org/nationalparks/people/historical/muir/ |access-date=2009-10-12 |archive-date=2009-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007031433/http://www.pbs.org/nationalparks/people/historical/muir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lurg keayrt hoght laghyn, haink eh erash dys cruink veggey y Sierra Nevada as dobbyr eh myr fer assaig, bochilley as brisheyder cabbil. Ayns Mee ny Boaldys 1869, hug ransheyr enmyssit Pat Delaney obbyr souree da Muir, freayll arrey er kirree as bochilley Ghelaney. Ghow eh rish dy jeean, as cheau eh y tourey myrane lesh ny kirree ayns slyst Yosemite. Ghrapp eh [[Cathedral Peak (California)|Cathedral Peak]] as [[Mount Dana]], as hooill eh shenn raad ny [[Sleih dooghyssagh America|h-Injinee]] sheese [[Bloody Canyon]] dys [[Mono Lake]]. Va'n traa soccar echey currit da oaylleeaght, [[creg-oaylleeaght]] er lheh, as haink eh dy ve shickyr dy nee awinyn rioee v'er nyannoo y ghlion as yn ard mygeayrt eck. Va'n eie shen shassoo noi yn eie cadjin v'ayn, liorish [[Josiah Whitney]] (kione y [[California Geological Survey]]), as shen gra dy nee craa-hallooin ard-vooar v'er groo y ghlion. Lesh skeaylley eieyn Vuir, ren Whitney eab anghoo er y chur lesh gra dy nee ancheirdagh as meehustagh v'ayn. Agh er lesh ard-chreg-oayllee y laa, [[Louis Agassiz]], va eieyn Vuir feeu, as dooyrt eh dy nee "y chied dooinney ta mee er ngeddyn as toiggalys dy liooar echey er obbyr awin rioee." <ref name="glacial-action">{{enmyslioar | ennym = John Muir : his life and letters and other writings | duillag = 322 | cabdil = Trees and Travel | aaraa = ...The reply to this letter was written by Mrs. Agassiz, in which she told me that, when Agassiz read my letter, he said excitedly "Here is the first man I have ever found who has any adequate conception of glacial action."... (Screeuyn da Robert Underwood Johnson; Martinez, 3 Mee Vayrnt, 1895) | çhengey = Baarle | screeudeyr = Terry Gifford (re.) | isbn = 9780898864632 | soilsheyder = The Mountaineers Books }}</ref> Ayns 1871, hoor Muir awin rioee bio fo [[Merced Peak]], as hug shen cooney da ny eieyn v'eh cur roish. 'sy vlein cheddin, haink feniagh Vuir, [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], dys Yosemite as haink eh lesh shilley er Muir. Va shenn olloo Vuir ec Ollooscoill Wisconsin, [[Ezra Carr]], as y ven echey dy ghreinnaghey ny h-eieyn echey y chur magh. Haink ad lhieu Muir dys quaiyl fir ennymoil, goaill stiagh [[Louis Agassiz]], [[John Tyndall]], [[John Torrey]], [[Clinton Hart Merriam]], as [[Joseph LeConte]]. [[Coadan:John Muir NHS.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[John Muir National Historic Site|Thie ny Muiryn]] ayns [[Martinez, California]].]] Haghyr [[Craa-hallooin Lone Pine 1872|craa-hallooin mooar]] faggys da [[Lone Pine, California]] ayns [[Glion Owens]] ayns Mee Vayrnt, 1872, as v'eh ry-ennaghtyn ayns Glion Yosemite. Ghooisht eh Muir leah 'sy voghrey as roie eh magh y bwaane echey, "boggey as aggle er", as eh fockley magh "craa-hallooin oasle!" Fir elley 'sy ghlion, as adsyn credjal eieyn Whitney foast, va aggle orroo dy beagh y craa-hallooin cowraghey duinaghey craghoil y ghlion. Cha row lheid yn aggle er Muir, as ren eh towshan ass laue jeh carnaneyn creoilagh noa jeant ec skyrraghyn thallooin liorish y chraa-hallooin.<ref name="earthquake">{{enmyslioar | ennym = Our National Parks | screeudeyr = John Muir | blein = 1901 | soilsheyder = Houghton, Mifflin & Co. | boayl = Cambridge (SUA) | duillag = 262 | kiangley = http://www.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/writings/the_earthquake.html | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Chammah's yn obbyr creg-oaylleeagh, ren Muir studeyrys er lossreeyn yn ard Yosemite. Ayns 1873 as 1874, ren eh obbyr 'sy vagher er boayn sheear y Sierra, bentyn rish scaalhean as eggoaylleeaght keylljyn [[Sequoia Vooar]]. Ayns 1880, phoos Muir as Louisa Wanda Strentzel. Va ransh mooar lesh yn ayr as moir eck, ayns [[Martinez, California]], as rish y jeig bleeantyn ny yei, hug eh eh hene da reirey y ransh. V'eh speeideilagh dy liooar. Rish y traa shoh, rug ny h-inneenyn oc, Wanda as Helen. Ec e vaase, daag eh ny yei cooid seihlt SU$250,000. Ta'n thie as rheynn jeh'n ransh y [[John Muir National Historic Site|Boayl Shennaghyssagh Ashoonagh John Muir]] jiu.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/jomu/home.html | ennym = John Muir National Historic Site | datefeddyn = 2009-10-10 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> ==Troailtys 'sy heear-hwoaie == Rish shiaght bleeantyn reirey y ransh, haink drogh-laynt er. Lesh brod e ven, hie eh erash da ny cruink dy aagheddyn e hene. Ghrapp eh [[Mount Rainier]] as screeu eh ''Ascent of Mount Rainier'' myechione. Hie eh marish possan dys [[Wrangel Island]] er y [[USS Corwin (1876)|USS Corwin]], as daggyr ad yn ellan son ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ayns 1881.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/the_cruise_of_the_corwin/introduction.html | ennym = The Cruise of the Corwin | screeudeyr = John Muir | soilsheyder = Houghton Mifflin Company | boayl = Boston and New York | blein = 1917 | datefeddyn = 2008-09-05}}</ref> Screeu eh er y chooish 'sy lioar ''The Cruise of the Corwin''. ==Obbraghyn freayltys == Hug Muir laue mooar ayns freayltys. V'eh fakin Yosemite as y Sierra as roie-thallooyn nagh lhisagh goll er sooilley.<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | screeudeyr = John Muir | ennym = Features of the Proposed Yosemite National Park | kiangley = http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/features_of_the_proposed_yosemite_national_park/ | earishlioar = The Century Magazine | earroo = 5 | mee = Mean Fouyir | blein = 1890 | datefeddyn = 2007-04-08 | ym-lioar = XL }}</ref> Er lesh dy nee sthock, kirree er lheh, va baggyrt smoo da'n ard, as hug eh "kellee-rennee chrubbagh" orroo. Ayns Mean Souree 1889, champ co-reagheyder yn earishlioar ''[[Century (earishlioar)|Century]]'', [[Robert Underwood Johnson]], marish Muir ayns [[Tuolumne Meadows]] as honnick eh feanish bunneydagh jeh'n jeeyl va shioltane dy chirree er nyaoo da'n vanjagh. Choard eh dy hoilshaghey magh art erbee screeuys Muir er dooney magh sthock jeh'n Sierra. Choard eh myrgeddin dy yannoo ymmyd jeh'n chummaght echey son dy chur stiagh billey ayns [[Congress]] son dy yannoo pairk ashoonagh jeh Yosemite, rere cummey [[Yellowstone National Park]]. Er 30 Mean Fouyir 1890, slattyssee Congress ny SU slattys, rere treealtys Vuir ayns daa art ayns ''Century'' son y chooid smoo: ''The Treasure of the Yosemite'' as ''Features of the Proposed National Park'', er nyn soilshaghey magh ayns 1890. Agh b'treih lesh clashtyn dy daag y slattys Glion Yosemite fo stiurey y steat. ==Sierra Club== {{ardart|Sierra Club}} Leah ayns 1892, haink yn Olloo Henry Senger, ny [[fockle-oaylleeaght|'ockle-oayllee]] ec [[Ollooscoill Chalifornia, Berkeley]] da quaiyl Vuir as eh fo possan alphagh y chroo son sleih slieauagh. Hug magh Senger as Warren Olney cuirraghyn "ry-hoi croo 'Sierra Club'. Bee John Muir yn eaghtyrane." Er 28 Mee ny Boaldyn, 1892, chumm ad çhaglym bunnee y [[Sierra Club]] son dy screeu banglaneyn cochorpaghey. Shiaghtin ny yei shen, denmys ad Muir myr eaghtyrane, Olney myr fo-eaghtyrane, as boayrd ny stiureyderyn ghow stiagh [[David Starr Jordan]], as eshyn eaghtyrane [[Ollooscoill Stanford]]. Hannee Muir ny eaghtyrane derrey hooar eh baase, 22 vlein ny s'anmey.<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Fox | kied = Stephen R. | ennym = The American Conservation Movement: John Muir and His Legacy | soilsheyder = Univ of Wisconsin Press | date = 1985 | duillag = 107–108 | isbn = 9780299106348 | kiangley = http://books.google.com/books?id=kV1_k5vSuOMC&pg=PA107 }}</ref><ref name = "Colby">{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://www.owensvalleyhistory.com/stories1/story_of_sierra_club.pdf | ennym = The Story of the Sierra Club | sjerree = Colby | kied = William | date = December, 1967|work = Sierra Club Bulletin | soilsheyder = Sierra Club|accessdate = 2009-02-26 }}</ref> Ghow y Sierra Club toshiaght çhelleeragh dy hassoo noi shaleeyn [[Yosemite National Park]] y liehaghey, as chumm ad çhaglymyn ynsee as oayllee. Ec fer jeu, ayns fouyr 1895, resoon ad er cur er bun 'buill cheylley er lheh'; harragh y lheid y ve [[Keylljyn Ashoonagh (SUA)|Keylljyn Ashoonagh]] ny s'anmey. Va laue mooar ec y Tierra Club 'sy troddan rahoil Pairk Ashoonagh Yosemite dy astreeaghey ass stiurey y steat dys stiurey conastagh, ayns 1906. Ghow ad orroo hene y chaggey [[Glion Hetch Hetchy]] y hauail, ga dy row shiartanse dy olteyryn scanshoil ayns San Francisco noi shen. Fy yerrey, ren ad teiy as chowree eh dy row mooar-chooid y phossan son shassoo noi [[Doour Hetch Hetchy]]. <ref name = "Colby"/> ==Tashtey noi freayltys == Ayns Jerrey Souree 1896, haink Muir dy cho-obbraghey marish [[Gifford Pinchot]], ny 'er scanshoil 'sy ghleashaght 'reayltys. She kied ard-chione [[United States Forest Service|Shirveish Keylley ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] v'ayn, as eh ny loayrtagh son ymmyd yn-ymmyrkey chooid najooragh son vondeish ny sleih. Fy-yerrey, va meechoardailys eddyr y ghaa, as shen taishbyney daa varel er ymmyd chooid najooragh ny çheerey. Va Pinchot fakin freayltys myr saase cooid najooragh yn ashoon y reirey son ymmyd traghtee yn-ymmyrkey foddey. Myr keylljeyder keirdee, er lesh: "she eirinys eh obbyr keylley", gyn stroie yn-veaghey foddey ny keylljyn.<ref name = "Meyer">{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree = Meyer | kied = John M. | date = Winter, 1997 | ennym = Gifford Pinchot, John Muir, and the Boundaries of Politics in American Thought | earishlioar = Polity | soilsheyder = Palgrave MacMillan | ym-lioar = 30|earroo = 2 | duillag = 267–284 | kiangley = http://www.jstor.org/stable/3235219 | datefeddyn = 2008-12-14 |doi = 10.2307/3235219 }}</ref> Er lesh Muir, va feeu najoor ny troyn anmey as tarcheimneeoil. Ayns art er ny Pairkyn Ashoonagh, hug eh orroo "buill son fea, breeaghys, as padjeryn." V'eh cliaghtey greinnaghey ard-valjee dy 'akin najoor son beaghey ny h-anmey. Va'n daa 'er shassoo noi doo-heyrey chooid najooragh, goaill stiagh [[lane-lhieggey]] keylljyn. Va eer Muir goaill rish dy row feme ain er aamaid as ny keylljyn er-e-hon, agh va barel feer ny smoo lhome-ymmydoil ec Pinochet er reirey faasee..<ref name = "Meyer"/> Vrish y caarjys eddyr oc anmagh 'sy tourey 1897, liorish Pinchot cur magh art ayns pabyr-naight [[Seattle]] son fassaghey kirree ayns thalloo freaylt keylley. Hass Muir eddin ry eddin rish Pinchot as daggyr eh soilsheydys jeh. Lesh Pinchot g'aa-raa y barel, dinsh Muir da: "Cha mel nee son bentyn rhyt reesht." Daase y meechoardailys shoh as rheynn eh y ghleashaght 'reayltys ayns daa phossan: freaylleyderyn, fo Muir, as possan Phinochet ghow toshiaght "tashteyderyn" y chur orroo hene. Resoon ad ayns earishlioaryn, myr sampleyr, ''Outlook'', ''Harper's Weekly'', ''Atlantic Monthly'', ''World's Work'', as ''Century''. Va'n daa varel ry-akin reesht lesh briwnys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit er cur doour er [[Glion Hetch Hetchy]] ny dyn. Va Pinchot son dooar urree y chur: "ymmyd s'ardjey oddagh oo jannoo j'ee". Er y laue elley, dooyrt Muir: "Doour er Hetch Hetchy y chur! Cho mie doee ushtey y yannoo jeh kialteenyn as ard-çhiambleyn ny sleih, son nagh row çhiamble s'nooey er ny chasherickey rieau ec creeghyn deiney.""<ref name = "Meyer"/> [[Coadan:Muir and Roosevelt restored.jpg|thumb|Roosevelt as Muir]] Ayns 1903, hie yn Eaghtyrane [[Theodore Roosevelt]] marish Muir er turrys dys Yosemite. Loayrt Muir da'n eaghtyrane er meestiurey steat y ghlion, as doo-seyrey rank jeh cooid y ghlion. Eer roish daue roshtyn y phairk, v'eh er shickyraghey Roosevelt dy beagh yn aght share y phairk y choadey ish y chur fo stiurey conastagh. Erreish da goll stiagh 'sy phairk as fakin aalid y ghlion, hirr eh er Muir eshyn y hoilshaghey da y "feer" Yosemite. Hie ad ersooyl, nyn lomarcan agh son coagragh as fer ymmyrkee, as champ ad 'sy çheer feie. Loayr ad anmagh 'syn oie, as ren ad cadley mooie fo'n speyr. Huitt sniaghtey oor orroo 'sy voghrey. Ayns 1905, hug [[Congress]] [[Mariposa Grove]] as Glion Yosemite fo stiurey conastagh.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Encylopaedia Britannica | kiangley = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/543339/Sierra-Club#ref=ref849675 | cabdil = Sierra Club | datefeddyn = 2009-10-12 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Hooar ben Vuir, Louise, baase er 6 Mee Luanistyn 1905. ==Hetch Hetchy== Daase mian doour y chur er yn [[Awin Tuolumne]], son dy yannoo tasht ushtey son [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]]. Va Muir slane noi y doour, as er lesh dy row Hetch Hetchy ny s'aaley na eer Glion Yosemite. Chagg Muir as y Sierra Club noi rish feed blein, goaill stiagh screeu dys Roosevelt hene. Fy-yerrey, hug eiyrtyssagh Roosevelt, [[Woodrow Wilson]] kied da'n slattys er 19 Mee ny Nollick, 1913. She juail mooar da Muir v'ayn, as y caggey sjerree mooar echey. ==Baase== Hooar John Muir baase jeh niumoan ec thie-lheeys California ([[California Hospital Medical Center]] jiu) er 24 Mee ny Nollick, 1914.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Obituary: John Muir | kiangley = http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/lsc&CISOPTR=3432&DMSCALE=50.00000&DMWIDTH=600&DMHEIGHT=600&DMX=0&DMY=840&DMMODE=viewer&DMTEXT=&REC=16&DMTHUMB=1&DMROTATE=0 }}</ref><ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Obituary: John Muir | kiangley = http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0421.html | screeudeyr = On this Day | datefeddyn = 2007-04-23 }}</ref> ==Eiyrtys as aundyryn== Ta enmyn ny buill fo er son Muir: *Muir Knoll, Ollooscoill Wisconsin–Madison; *[[Mount Muir]]; *[[Awin Rioee Muir]], Alaska; *Tree Raadyn John Muir (ayns [[John Muir Trail|California]], [[John Muir Trail (Tennessee)|Tennessee]], as Wisconsin); *[[John Muir Wilderness|Faasagh John Muir]]; *[[Muir Woods National Monument]] faggys da [[San Francisco]]; *[[John Muir High School]]; *John Muir Middle School (Los Angeles, California and Wausau, Wisconsin); *John Muir Elementary School (Madison, Wisconsin); *[[John Muir Elementary School]] (Parma, Ohio); *[[John Muir College]] (colleish yn [[Ollooscoill Chalifornia, San Diego]]); *[[John Muir Country Park]], ayns Dùn Barra * [[John Muir Way]] ayns Lodainn Hiar; *[[John Muir Health|John Muir Medical Center]] ayns Concord as Walnut Creek, California; *y [[roltageagh]] (128523) John Muir; *Muir's Peak ec Mount Shasta, California (ny keayrtyn, "Black Butte"); *Mount Muir (yrjey 4688') ayns Angeles National Forest, California, faggys da Pasadena<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Peak List of the Lower Peaks Section of the Angeles Chapter of the Sierra Club | kiangley = http://angeles.sierraclub.org/lpc | screeudeyr = Sierra Club }}</ref> *[[Camp Muir]] ayns Mount Rainier National Park; *School of Life Sciences ec [[Ollooscoill Heriot-Watt]] ayns [[Doon Edin]], [[Nalbin]]; *John Muir Park (Green Bay, Wisconsin). Ta caslys jeh John Muir ry-akin er [[kerroo-dollar steat]] Chalifornia 2005. Ta aaraa echey er y [[Indianapolis Prize]] Lilly Medal son frealtys. Er 6 Mee ny Nollick 2006, ren [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] gynshellooaghey John Muir stiagh 'sy [[California Hall of Fame]] ec [[The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts]]. {{-}} ==Jeeagh er reesht== * [[Boayl ruggyree Yohn Muir]] * [[Rolley buill ayns Lodainn Hiar]] * [[John Muir Trust]] * [[John Muir Way]] ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} === Ard-vinn=== *[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=John%20Muir%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts Obbraghyn Yohn Muir] ec [[Internet Archive]]. Lhiegganyn caslys bunneydagh ayns leayrtys-choipyn. *Caslyssyn-soilshey, earishlioaryn, as caslyssyn jeh ny John Muir Papers ec the [http://library.pacific.edu/ha/digital/index.asp Çhaglymyn Bun-earrooagh Ollooscoill ny Sheealtagh]. === Binn elley === * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Austin | kied = Richard C. | ennym = Baptized into wilderness: A Christian perspective on John Muir | soilsheyder = [[Creekside Press]]| blein = 1991}} *{{enmyslioar | sjerree = Cronon | kied = William, ed. | blein = 1997 | ennym = John Muir: Nature Writings: The Story of My Boyhood and Youth; My kied Summer in the Sierra; The Mountains of California; Stickeen; Essays | soilsheyder = [[Library of America]] | isbn = 978-1-88301124-6}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Ehrlich | kied = Gretel | blein = 2000 | ennym = John Muir: Nature's Visionary | soilsheyder = [[National Geographic]] | isbn = 0-7922-7954-9}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Fox | kied = Stephen | blein = 1981 | ennym = The American Conservation Movement: John Muir And His Legacy | soilsheyder = Little, Brown and Company | isbn = 0-316-29110-2}} * {{enmysearishlioar | screeudeyr = Meyer, John M. | blein = 1997 | mee = | ennym = Gifford Pinchot, John Muir, and the Boundaries of Politics in American Thought | earishlioar = [[Polity (disambiguation)|Polity]] | ym-lioar = 30 | earroo = 2 | duillag = 267–284 | id = ISSN 0032-3497| doi = 10.2307/3235219}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Miller | kied = Char | blein = 2001 | ennym = Gifford Pinchot and the Making of Modern Environmentalism | soilsheyder = Island Press | isbn = 1-55963-822-2}} * {{enmysearishlioar | screeudeyr = O'Casey, Terrence | date = 24 September 2006 | ennym = John Muir: God's Preacher of Creation | earishlioar = Christian Standard | unused_data = |http://www.christianstandard.com/articledisplay.asp?id=414}} * {{enmysearishlioar | screeudeyr = Smith, Michael B. | blein = 1998 | mee = Mean Souree | ennym = The Value of a Tree: Public Debates of John Muir and Gifford Pinchot | earishlioar = The Historian | ym-lioar = 60 | earroo = 4 | duillag = 757–778 | id = ISSN 0018-2370}} | doi = 10.1111/j.1540-6563.1998.tb01414.x}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Turner | kied = Fredrick | blein = 1985 | ennym = Rediscovering America, John Muir in His Time and Ours | soilsheyder = [[Viking Press]] | isbn = 0-87156-704-0}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Williams | kied = Dennis | blein = 2002 | ennym = God's Wilds: John Muir's Vision of Nature | soilsheyder = Texas A&M University Press | isbn = 1-58544-143-0}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Wolfe | kied = Linnie Marsh | blein = 1945 | ennym = Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = [[University of Wisconsin Press]] | isbn = 0-299-18634-2}} ( [[Pulitzer Prize]] son beashnys, 1946) * {{enmysearishlioar| url = http://www.historycooperative.org/earishlioars/eh/10.1/worster.html| ennym = John Muir and the Modern Passion for hey Nature| kied = Donald| sjerree = Worster | earishlioar = Environmental History| ym-lioar = 10(1)| duillag = 8–19| mee = Jerrey Geuree | blein = 2005}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Worster | kied = Donald | blein = 2008 | ennym = A Passion for Nature: The Life of John Muir | soilsheyder = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0195166828}} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Wuerthner | kied = George | blein = 1994 | ennym = Yosemite: A Visitor's Companion | soilsheyder = Stackpole Books | duillag = 25–37 | isbn = 0-8117-2598-7}} === Lioaryn elley=== * {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Sachs | kied = Aaron | blein = 2006 | ennym = The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism | soilsheyder = Viking Press | isbn = 0-670-03775-3}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commonscat|John Muir}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Screeudeyr Wikisource}} *[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A(texts)%20-contributor%3Agutenberg%20AND%20(subject%3A%22Muir%2C%20John%2C%201838-1914%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Muir%2C%20John%2C%201838-1914%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22John%20Muir%22%20OR%20ennym%3A%22John%20Muir%22%20OR%20description%3A%22John%20Muir%22) Lioaryn er ny liorish John Muir] ec [[Internet Archive]] *{{Screeudeyr Gutenberg|id = John_Muir | ennym = John Muir}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210421202109/http://www.yosemite.ca.us/john_muir_writings/ John Muir Writings]. Slane lioaryn eddyrlhieen *[https://web.archive.org/web/20201114002430/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=1224 Screeuyn 1861-1914] eddyrlhieen ec [https://web.archive.org/web/20051028075712/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/wisconsin-name/ Wisconsin Historical Society] *[http://library.pacific.edu/ha/muir/index.asp John Muir Papers]. Fys er Pabyryn John Muir as stoo bentyn rish ec [[Ollooscoill ny Sheealtagh (Steatyn Unnaneysit)|Ollooscoill ny Sheealtagh]]. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140608214524/http://www.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/ John Muir] ec y Tierra Club *[http://www.johnmuir.org/ John Muir Global Network] *[http://www.nps.gov/jomu/ John Muir National Historic Site] jeh [[National Park Service]] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929071334/http://www.djma.org.uk/djma/ Friends of John Muir's Birthplace (John Muir Association Ghùn Barra, dy row)], Nalbin *[http://www.jmbt.org.uk/ John Muir Birthplace Trust] Nalbin *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130403181437/http://www.jmt.org/news.asp?s=2&cat=Award&nid=JMT-N10641 John Muir Trust] Nalbin *[http://digital.statelib.lib.in.us/db/markers_display.asp?id=9 John Muir In Indianapolis Historical Marker] *[http://www.johnmuir.org/canada/ Canadian Friends of John Muir (CFJM) website] *[http://www.johnmuirproject.org/ John Muir Project] Protecting Federal Public Forest Lands {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muir, John}} [[Ronney:John Muir| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1838]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1914]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn lus-oaylleeaght Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Lus-oaylleeyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Freilleyderyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn traaght firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ronseyderyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Creg-oaylleeyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Drappeyderyn sleityn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Najooree Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn najoor Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn neu-farskeealaght firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn çhymmyltaghtoil Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Shalee Hetch Hetchy]] [[Ronney:Troagyraghyn]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Sierra Nevada (ny Steatyn Unnaneysit)]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Martinez, California]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Dùn Barra]] [[Ronney:Pairk Ashoonaght Yosemite]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn lus-oaylleeaght Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Lus-oaylleeyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Freilleyderyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh Albinagh dys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn traaght firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Ronseyderyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Creg-oaylleeyn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Drappeyderyn sleityn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Najooree Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn najoor Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Eaghtyraneyn Sierra Club]] sllnr66ar3gfyopunndb44jsuq271uo 0 12641 386663 323226 2026-07-26T00:29:40Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 386663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys boayl |ennym = Skylley Maayl |ennym_elley = Michael |ennym_gienneydagh = Skylley Maayl |sorçh_balley = [[Rolley buill ayns Mannin|Skeerey]] |jalloo_armys = |jalloo_bun_speyrey = Kirk Michael IOM.jpg |fo-heidyl_jalloo = Keeill Vaayl |jalloo_caslys-çheerey= Parish-Michael.svg |mooadys_caslys-çheerey = 250px |coord_a = {{coord|54|16|29|N|04|33|01|W|type:city}} |fo-heidyl_caslys-çheerey = Soiaghey Skylley Vaayl er caslys-çheerey Vannin |colught_reirey = Barrantee Skylley Vaayl |enmys_fer-toshee = Captan ny Skeerey |ennym_fer-toshee = John James Martin Cannell {{CS}}<ref name="Captan">{{cite web | title = Michael | url = http://www.parishcaptains.com/captains/michael.html | publisher = Captains of the Parish ec parishcaptains.com | accessdate = 28 Averil 2011 | language = Baarle | archivedate = 2011-09-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110930013141/http://www.parishcaptains.com/captains/michael.html }}</ref> |enmys_fer-toshee1 = Caairliagh ny Barrantee |ennym_fer-toshee1 = Stephen W. Hamer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://michaelcommissioners.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=3 | title = Members of Michael Commissioners 2010/2011 | language = Baarle | accessdate = 28 Averil 2011 | publisher = michaelcommissioners.com | archivedate = 2009-11-24 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091124030143/http://www.michaelcommissioners.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=3 }}</ref> |slane_eaghtyr_km2 = 33.9 |fo-noteyn_eaghtyr = <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.citypopulation.de/IsleOfMan.html | title = Isle of Man: Parishes, Towns & Villages | publisher = citypopulation.de | accessdate = 28 Averil 2011}}</ref> |slane_earroo_yn_phobble = 1640 |earroo_yn_phobble_er = 2006 |fo-noteyn_earroo_yn_phobble = <ref name="Census2006">{{cite web | url = http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/treasury/economic/census/censusreport2006.pdf | title = Isle of Man Census Report 2006 | pages = dg. 3 | publisher = Rheynn Cooishyn Tarmaynagh, Yn Tashtey | date = 2006 | isbn = 0-904869 970 | format = pdf | language = Baarle | accessdate = 28 Averil 2011 | archivedate = 2007-09-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201426/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/treasury/economic/census/censusreport2006.pdf }}</ref> |glooaght_y_phobble_km2=48.4 |jarroo-raa = |sorçh_aarheynn = [[Çheer]] |ennym_aarheynn = {{brattagh|the Isle of Man|Mannin}} |sorçh_aarheynn1 = [[Sheadin]] |ennym_aarheynn1 = [[Maayl]] |sorçh_aarheynn3 = <hr />[[Co-heiyderyssyn y Chiare as Feed]] |ennym_aarheynn3 = <hr />Maayl |soieag = [[Balley Keeill Vaayl]] |coad_postagh = IM6 |sorçh_coad_postagh = [[Rolley coadyn postagh ayns Mannin|Coad postagh]] |cryss_hraa = GMT |ashchur_utc1 = +0 |cryss_hraa_TTSL = BST |ashchur_utc1_TTSL = +1 |coad_ardjynagh = 01624 |ynnyd-eggey = [http://www.michaelcommissioners.com/ michaelcommissioners.com] }} Ta '''Skyll Maayl''' ({{lang-en|Michael}}) ny skeerey ayns [[Mannin]]. Ta'n skeerey sheeyney veih [[Glion Cam]] 'sy jiass gys [[Orrisdale]] 'sy twoaie; as veih'n [[Mooir Vannin|vooir]] 'sy sheear dys [[Eairee Horkill]] 'sy shiar. Ta'n skeerey 33.9 km² er eaghtyr as ta 1,640 cummaltee ayn rere coontey-pobble 'sy vlein 2006. Ta'n [[Balley Keeill Vaayl]], y balley beg smoo 'sy skeerey, ny hoie ayns twoaie ny skeerey. She [[John James Martin Cannell]] [[Captan ny Skeerey]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.parishcaptains.com/captains/michael.html | title = Captains - Michael | publisher = Undinys Eirght Vannin | accessdate = 14 Averil 2010 | language = Baarle | archivedate = 2011-09-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110930013141/http://www.parishcaptains.com/captains/michael.html }}</ref> == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} == Kianglaghyn mooie == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200808232254/http://www.michael.gov.im/ Barrantee Skylley Maayl] {{en jalloo}} {{Baljyn Vannin}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Skylley Maayl| ]] [[Ronney:Skeeraghyn Vannin|Maayl]] 8wfx1tj6e9del0lv22x7bahb4zvpgqd 0 14291 386645 374416 2026-07-25T14:35:55Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Francesco Melzi - Portrait of Leonardo.png | fo-heidyl = Ta'n co-chaslys shoh currit da [[Francesco Melzi]], m. 1515–1518, as she yn ynrican peintal co-emshiragh jeh Leonardo.<ref>{{cite web|title=A portrait of Leonardo c.1515–18|publisher=[[Royal Collection Trust]]|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/912726/a-portrait-of-leonardo |accessdate=26 Mean Fouyir 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123161405/https://www.rct.uk/collection/912726/a-portrait-of-leonardo |archivedate=23 Mee Houney 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | boayl_ruggyr = [[Vinci, y Toscaan|Vinci]], [[Pobblaght Firenze]] | boayl_baaish = [[Clos Lucé]], [[Amboise]], [[Reeriaght y Rank]] | date_ruggyr = {{date_ruggyr|df=y|1452|4|15}} | date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1519|5|2|1452|4|15}} }} She [[yl-oayllee]] Iddaalagh jeh'n [[Yn Ard Aavioghey|Ard Aa-vioghey]] va '''Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci''' ({{nowrap|15 Averil}} 1452 &ndash; 2 Boaldyn 1519). V'eh gastey myr peinteyr, linneyder, jeshaghteyr, oayllee, sheiltynagh, jallooder, as seyrnagh. Ga dy row yn enney echey bunnit er ny h-obbraghyn echey myr peinteyr, haink enney er chammah son e lioaryn screeuee raad ren eh linneeaghtyn as noteyn er caghlaa dy chooishyn, goaill stiagh y ronsaghey kirpey, y rollageydys, y lus-oaylleeaght, y chaartgraafeeaght, y pheintal, as studeyrys ny shenn lossreeyn. T'eh er credjal dy lheeadagh dy nee ard-cheeayllagh va Leonardo va coontit myr giare-skeeal ard-smooinaght [[Sheelnauederys yn Aa-vioghey|heelnauederys yn Aa-vioghey]], as ta [[Rolley obbraghyn liorish Leonardo da Vinci|çhaglym ny h-obbraghyn echey]] coontit myr co-hoyrtys da sheelogheyn anmagh d'ellyneyryn nagh vel piyrit ec dooinney elley erbee goaill magh e cho-emshiragh aeg, [[Michelangelo]]. V'eh ruggit [[Leighoilys (leigh yn lught thie)|ass poosey]] lesh [[Noteyr y leigh neu-chimmagh|noteyr]] as ben ass sleih injil ayns, ny faggys da, [[Vinci, y Toscaan|Vinci]], as v'eh ynsit ayns Firenze liorish y pheinteyr as y jallooder Iddaalagh, [[Andrea del Verrocchio]]. Hoshee yn coorse bea echey 'sy chaayr, agh cheau eh cooid vie jeh'n traa echey ayns shirveish [[Ludovico Sforza]] ayns Milaan. Ny s'anmey, ren eh obbraghey ayns Firenze as Milaan reesht, chammah as feie lhing ghiare 'sy [[Yn Raue|Raue]], tra v'eh çhaglym [[Leonardeschi|possan mooar eiyrtyssagh]] dy lurgeyryn as studeyryn. Er cuirrey voish [[Frank I y Rank|Frank I]], cheau eh yn tree vleeeaney jerrinagh echey 'sy Rank, raad hooar eh baase ayns 1519. Ta ny h-obbraghyn, anaaseyn, y vea phersoonagh echey, as ny smooinaghtyn treealagh echey brasnaghey anaase as yindys dagh vlein voish laa e vaaish, jannoo ass [[Rolley nheeghyn enmyssit ayns onnor Leonardo da Vinci|co-ennymee]] as myr cooish 'sy chultoor. ==Jallooyn== <gallery> Coadan:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg| ''Mona Lisa'' (1503 - 1505) Coadan:Leonardo da Vinci - Saint John the Baptist C2RMF retouched.jpg| ''Ean Bashtey'' (1513-1516) Coadan:Leonardo da Vinci - Ginevra de' Benci - Google Art Project.jpg| '' Ginevra de' Benci'' (1474-1476) </gallery> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{commons}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vinci, Leonardo da}} [[Ronney:Leonardo da Vinci| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1475]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1564]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Queiggey Firenze]] [[Ronney:Ronseyderyn kirpey Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn shivoil Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn caggee Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Eddin-oaylleeyn]] [[Ronney:Fyshoaylleeyn Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Peinteyryn Tuscaanagh]] [[Ronney:Peinteyryn firryn Iddaalagh]] {{bun}} 2mou7jeit06xiur0b3dwuzrzkhrv843 0 17074 386652 371617 2026-07-25T14:39:01Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 386652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1955|4|18|1879|3|14}} }} [[Coadan:Albert Einstein (Nobel).png|right|thumb|Albert Einstein 'sy vlein 1921]] She [[fishag heiltynagh|fishigagh sheiltynagh]] Germaanagh va '''Albert Einstein''' (14 Mart 1879 &ndash; 18 Averil 1955) ren lhiassaghey sheiltynys y [[conastaght chadjin|chonastaght chadjin]], as ee cur rish foshley mooar ayns tushtey yn [[fishag|'ishag]]. Ta Einstein coontit myr ayr yn 'ishag noa-emshyragh er son yn ard-obbyr echey. Ga dy vel enney mooar er er son yn 'ormley ''E = mc²'' ayns [[co-hrimmid glout–bree]], hooar eh [[Aundyr Nobel 'syn 'ishag]] 'sy vlein 1921 er son e "hirveishyn 'syn 'ishag heiltynagh, as [er son] feddyn magh leigh yn [[eiyrtys foto-lectragh]]". Va scansh vooar ec yn eiyrtys foto-lectragh ayns cur er bun y [[sheiltynys quantum|heiltynys quantum]] 'syn 'ishag. {{Conastaght}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Einstein, Albert}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Albert Einstein| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1879]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1955]] [[Ronney:Deinchaarjyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheeagheyryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fallsoonee irryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee irryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Soshiallee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn neu-farskeealaght firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Tuinney-oaylleeyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Tuinney-oaylleeyn Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Tuinney-oaylleeyn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ooilley-jeeaghteyryn]] [[Ronney:Deinchaarjyn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheeagheyryn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fallsoonee irryn Ghermaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee irryn Ghermaanagh]] [[Ronney:Soshiallee Ghermaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn neu-farskeealaght firryn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Deinchaarjyn Ewagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn Ewagh]] [[Ronney:Sheeagheyryn Ewagh]] [[Ronney:Fallsoonee Ewagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee Ewagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee Ewagh Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Soshiallee Ewagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Ulm]] [[Ronney:Deinchaarjyn Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Sheeagheyryn Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Fallsoonee irryn Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee irryn Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Soshiallee Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn neu-farskeealaght firryn Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee heiltynagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee heiltynagh Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee heiltynagh Ghermaanagh]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Ewagh]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Elveeishagh]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn Ewagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh Ewagh veih'n Ghermaan Natseeagh dys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Oaylleeyn Ewagh]] [[Ronney:Seionee Hoshiallagh]] [[Ronney:Seyraanee ghooghyssit yn Austeyr]] [[Ronney:Seyraanee ghooghyssit yn Elveeish]] [[Ronney:Seyraanee ghooghyssit ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Seyraanee yee-ghooghyssit y Ghermaan]] [[Ronney:Ewnyn Ashkenazagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ewnyn Ashkenazagh Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ewnyn Ashkenazagh Elveeishagh]] 2tb41ksjkvvoojaca0ue6rm93llofqm 0 18428 386660 324405 2026-07-25T21:22:42Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 386660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Co-vunstoo |nfpa_slaynt = 4 |nfpa_aileaght = 0 |nfpa_frasseeaght = 1 |nfpa_elley = |jalloo = |formley_kemmigagh = Na₂CO₃ |jallooagyn_GHS= [[Coadan:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg|45px|Nieunagh]] [[Coadan:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg|45px|Gaue slaynt]] [[Coadan:GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg|45px|Gaue çhymmyltaghtoil]] }} [[Coadan:HgOpowder.jpg|thumbnail|Poodyr HgO]] Ta '''ocseed vercur(II)''', ny '''ocseed vercuragh''' ny '''ocseed vercur''', çheet er y [[co-vunstoo neuorgaanagh|cho-vunstoo neuorgaanagh]] lesh y [[formley kemmigagh]] [[Mercur|Hg]][[Ocsygien|O]]. Ta daah ruy ny oranje echey. Ec tempreilys as broo y çhamyr, ta'n ocseed vercur(II) ny stooaltane. S'goan ta'n cummey meainagh [[montroydeet]]. ==Shennaghys== Va'n chied chur sheese bentyn rish prowaltys da aarlaghey'n ocseed vercur jeant ec yn 'ar-chemmigagh Araabagh-Spaainagh, [[Maslama al-Majriti]], 'sy 11d eash ayns ''Rutbat al-hakim.''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Holmyard |first=E. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uLsOAwAAQBAJ&dq=majriti+mercuric+oxide&pg=PA257 |title=Inorganic chemistry |date=1931 |publisher=Рипол Классик |isbn=978-5-87636-953-6 |language=Baarle}}</ref> Ayns 1774, ren [[Joseph Priestley]] feddyn magh dy vel çhiow yn ocseed vercur skeaylley magh yn ocsygien. Ansherbee, cha d'enmys eh yn gas myr [[ocsygien]], as ren eh smooinaghtyn dy nee "aer [[phlogiston|jee-phlogistit]]" v'ayn.<ref>{{cite book |last=Almqvist |first=Ebbe |title=History of Industrial Gases |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OI0fTJhydh4C&dq=Joseph+Priestley+oxygen+mercury&pg=PA23 |year=2003 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-306-47277-0 |page=23}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category|Mercury(II) oxide|Ocseed vercur(II)}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080402041559/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Hg/Hg1O1-21908532.html Fysseree ec Webelements]. [[Ronney:Ocseedyn|Vercur2]] [[Ronney:Co-vunstooghyn mercur(II)]] [[Ronney:Co-vunstooghyn neuorgaanagh]] 2c91e79tzb9c5rdoum79eqe9zhitigo 0 19228 386664 299432 2026-07-26T08:49:21Z Quinlan83 17191 Fix 386664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys baagh | ennym = Shirragh ny giark | daah = #D3D3A4 | jalloo = Wow2 filtered.jpg | lheead_jalloo = 240px | fo-heidyl_jalloo = Kiark ayns [[Nalbin]] | stayd = LC | stayd_corys = IUCN3.1 | imraa_stayd = <ref name=IUCN2012>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl|ennym=''Circus cyaneus''|blein=2013|datefeddyn=25 Mean Fouyir|bleinfeddyn=2013|obbyr=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|kiangley=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003407/0}}</ref> | reeriaght = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | rang = [[Aves]] | oardagh = [[Falconiformes]]<br />(ny [[Accipitriformes]]) | kynney = [[Accipitridae]] | genus = ''[[Circus (genus)|Circus]]'' | dooie = '''''C. cyaneus''''' | daaennymagh = ''Circus cyaneus'' | imraa_daaennymagh = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766) | rheamchaslys = Circus cyaneus distribution map.png | lheead_rheamchaslys = 240px | cocheayllagh = ''Circus hudsonius'' }} [[Coadan:Circus cyaneus MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.83.1.jpg|thumb| ''Circus cyaneus'']] Ta '''shirragh ny giark''' (''Circus cyaneus'') ny [[ushag]] jeh'n chynney [[Accipitridae]]. T'eh cummal ayns [[reeastane]], [[magher]]yn as [[dreeym geinee|dreeymyn geinnee]] 'syn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]], [[yn Aishey]] as [[America Hwoaie]]. T'eh gee [[caigneyder]]yn as ushagyn.<ref name=BWP>Snow, D. W. & C. M. Perrins (1998) ''The Birds of the Western Palearctic: Concise Edition, Vol. 1'', Oxford University Press, Aah yn Ollee.</ref> T'eh 44-52&nbsp;cm er lhiurid as 300-600&nbsp;g er trimmid.<ref name=BWP/> Ta'n kellagh lheeah lesh bolg bane, thoyn vane as king skian doo. Ta'n giark dhone lesh thoyn vane. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn mooie== * [http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/birds/hen-harrier-isle-man.html#cr Wildlife Extra: A season studying hen harriers in the Isle of Man] {{commonscat|Circus cyaneus|Shirragh ny giark}} [[Ronney:Ushagyn]] {{bun}} 5yfopc5kt62yokxoycex5ww2761dh18 0 19427 386651 347864 2026-07-25T14:38:02Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Robert Bunsen 02.jpg | boayl_ruggyr = [[Göttingen]], [[Reeriaght Westphalen|Westphalen]], [[Cochiangle ny Rhiney]] | boayl_baaish = [[Heidelberg]], [[Ard-Diucaght Baden|Baden]], [[Impiraght ny Germaan|Impiraght y Ghermaan]] | date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1899|8|16|1811|3|30}} }} She kemmigagh Germaanagh va '''Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen''' (30 Mayrnt 1811 &ndash; 16 Luanistyn 1899). Ren eh ronsaghey spectrumyn brooightaghyn jeh stoo çhiowit. Myrane lesh [[Gustav Kirchhoff]], ren eh feddyn magh ny bunstooghyn [[kaishum]] (1860) as [[rubiddjum]] (1861). Ren Bunsen lhiassaghey shiartanse d'aghtyn bun-ronsee bunnit er gas as by chioneraadagh eh 'syn [[fotochemmig|'otochemmig]]. Ren eh gobbraghey ayns reamys y chemmig orgaano-arsnagh. ren eh lhiassaghey [[losteyder Bunsen]] marish e chooneyder seyrlann [[Peter Desaga]]. Ta losteyderyn Bunsen foast goll er ymmyd ayns seyrlannyn er feie yn Dowan jiu. ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224234/http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/ci/1992/Bunsen.html Robert Wilhelm Bunsen] {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bunsen, Robert}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1811]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1899]] [[Ronney:Kemmigee irryn Ghermaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn kishtaghyn pooar]] [[Ronney:Kaishum]] [[Ronney:Olteynyn Joarree yn Çheshaght Reeoil]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Göttingen]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Reeriaght Hanover]] [[Ronney:Feallee yn Vun-chaghlaa Çhynskylagh]] [[Ronney:Oaylleeyn tiark-chray]] [[Ronney:Rubiddjum]] [[Ronney:Spectroscoipee]] {{bun}} 2kgr4ges018xfnjiafgah3ny7zvyykt 14 22689 386638 331595 2026-07-25T14:31:48Z MacTire02 219 +commons 386638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Men of Serbia by occupation|Fir ass y Terb rere keird}} [[Ronney:Serbee rere keird|+]] [[Ronney:Fir Herbagh| ]] [[Ronney:Fir rere ashoonaght as keird|Herbagh]] hh57ijnhyk5vde9yd2h9qzn4ud0rqmb 0 23937 386610 371200 2026-07-25T13:48:04Z MacTire02 219 +ronnaghyn 386610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Alexis Lewis.jpg | fo-heidyl = Lewis marish e Bleayst Mask Gear-cheim, as kiaddaghyn roggad 3D my-e-kione | boayl_ruggyr = [[Chapel Hill, Carolina Hwoaie|Chapel Hill]], [[Carolina Hwoaie]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit }} She ynlaghteyr, cosneyder margaghyn sheanse, as loayrtagh pobbylagh Americaanagh ee '''Alexis Lewis'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://garage.ext.hp.com/us/en/innovation/alexis-lewis-teen-inventor.html|title=Alexis Lewis knows your secret: You're an inventor|website=garage.ext.hp.com|language=Baarle|accessdate=2019-11-15|archive-date=2019-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115060254/https://garage.ext.hp.com/us/en/innovation/alexis-lewis-teen-inventor.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Smithsonian Gambino">{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/teen-inventor-alexis-lewis-wants-kids-to-invent-solutions-to-worlds-problems-180955933/|title=Teenage Inventor Alexis Lewis Thinks That Kids Have the Solutions to the World's Problems|last=Gambino|first=Megan|website=Smithsonian|language=Baarle|accessdate=2019-11-15}}</ref> Ta enney share urree son e sheealtaght er son ynsagh ynlaght<ref>{{cite news|title=It Can't Wait: Democratizing Innovation & Invention|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSXGMtXLiH4|language=Baarle|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> as e ynlaghtyn deinchaarjoil. T'eh er fys dy ren ee kiarail loayrtyn ec y [[Yn Thie Bane|Thie Bane]], y [[Undinys Smithsonian|Smithsonian]], [[South by Southwest|SXSW]], y National Maker Faire, y Social Innovation Summit ayns 2018, as taghyrtyn TEDx.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://schedule.sxswedu.com/2019/speakers/253806|title=Alexis Lewis|website=SXSW EDU 2020 Schedule|language=Baarle|accessdate=2019-11-17|archive-date=2019-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182219/https://schedule.sxswedu.com/2019/speakers/253806|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.socinnovation.com/ehome/290119/629642/|title=Social Innovation Summit 2018|website=www.socinnovation.com|accessdate=2019-11-17|archivedate=2019-11-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182244/http://www.socinnovation.com/ehome/290119/629642/}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lewis, Alexis}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1999]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh y 21d eash]] [[ROnney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh y 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh y 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Chapel Hill, Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin tessen-cheintyssagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn bwoirrin tessen-cheintyssagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn ass Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn bwoirrin]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn tessen-cheintyssagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee LADT ass Carolina Hwoaie]] l0s1nthp22l3kvnqrbkl09xjadv5v0k 386631 386610 2026-07-25T14:27:13Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Alexis Lewis.jpg | fo-heidyl = Lewis marish e Bleayst Mask Gear-cheim, as kiaddaghyn roggad 3D my-e-kione | boayl_ruggyr = [[Chapel Hill, Carolina Hwoaie|Chapel Hill]], [[Carolina Hwoaie]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit }} She ynlaghteyr, cosneyder margaghyn sheanse, as loayrtagh pobbylagh Americaanagh ee '''Alexis Lewis'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://garage.ext.hp.com/us/en/innovation/alexis-lewis-teen-inventor.html|title=Alexis Lewis knows your secret: You're an inventor|website=garage.ext.hp.com|language=Baarle|accessdate=2019-11-15|archive-date=2019-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115060254/https://garage.ext.hp.com/us/en/innovation/alexis-lewis-teen-inventor.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Smithsonian Gambino">{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/teen-inventor-alexis-lewis-wants-kids-to-invent-solutions-to-worlds-problems-180955933/|title=Teenage Inventor Alexis Lewis Thinks That Kids Have the Solutions to the World's Problems|last=Gambino|first=Megan|website=Smithsonian|language=Baarle|accessdate=2019-11-15}}</ref> Ta enney share urree son e sheealtaght er son ynsagh ynlaght<ref>{{cite news|title=It Can't Wait: Democratizing Innovation & Invention|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSXGMtXLiH4|language=Baarle|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref> as e ynlaghtyn deinchaarjoil. T'eh er fys dy ren ee kiarail loayrtyn ec y [[Yn Thie Bane|Thie Bane]], y [[Undinys Smithsonian|Smithsonian]], [[South by Southwest|SXSW]], y National Maker Faire, y Social Innovation Summit ayns 2018, as taghyrtyn TEDx.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://schedule.sxswedu.com/2019/speakers/253806|title=Alexis Lewis|website=SXSW EDU 2020 Schedule|language=Baarle|accessdate=2019-11-17|archive-date=2019-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182219/https://schedule.sxswedu.com/2019/speakers/253806|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.socinnovation.com/ehome/290119/629642/|title=Social Innovation Summit 2018|website=www.socinnovation.com|accessdate=2019-11-17|archivedate=2019-11-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182244/http://www.socinnovation.com/ehome/290119/629642/}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lewis, Alexis}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1999]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh y 21d eash]] [[ROnney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh y 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh y 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Chapel Hill, Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin tessen-cheintyssagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn bwoirrin tessen-cheintyssagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn ass Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn tessen-cheintyssagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee LADT ass Carolina Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] srg93fczz54n1ae7unr0c3n3oxo1ti1 0 25198 386605 357894 2026-07-25T11:59:59Z AmaroPargoTenerife 23618 386605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys boayl | ennym_gienneydagh = ny h-Ellanyn Canaaragh | ennym = Ny h-Ellanyn Canaaragh | ennym_dooghyssagh = {{lang|es|''Canarias''}} <small>{{es jalloo}}</small> | ennym_oikoil = | sorçh_balley = [[Boodeeyssyn hene-reiltagh y Spaainey|Boodeeys hene-reiltagh]] | jalloo_armys = Escudo de Canarias.svg | mooadys_armys = 90px | jalloo_brattagh = Flag of the Canary Islands (simple).svg | mooadys_brattagh = 150px | anthym = ''[[Himno de Canarias]]''<br />"Anthym ny h-Ellanyn Canaaragh" | jalloo_caslys-çheerey = Islas_Canarias_(real_location)_in_Spain.svg | mooadys_caslys-çheerey = 240px | ard_coordnaidyn = ES | taishbyney_coordnaidyn = inline, title | sorçh_aarheynn = [[Rolley çheeraghyn y theihill|Çheer]] | ennym_aarheynn = {{brattagh|Spain|Yn Spaainey{{!}}Y Spaainey}} | sorçh_aarheynn1 = [[Preeu-valley]] | ennym_aarheynn1 = [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] as [[Las Palmas|Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] | sorçh_slane = | sorçh_reiltys = | colught_reirey = | enmys_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane ny h-Ellanyn Canaaragh|Eaghtyrane]] | ennym_fer-toshee = [[Ángel Víctor Torres]] (PSC–PSOE) | slane_earroo_yn_phobble = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} | earroo_yn_phobble_er = | fo-noteyn_earroo_yn_phobble = | glooaght_y_phobble_km2 = 290 | slane_eaghtyr_km2 = 7493 | fo-noteyn_eaghtyr = | cryss_hraa = [[Traa ynnydagh ny h-Oarpey Heear|WET]] | ashchur_utc = 0 | cryss_hraa_TTSL = [[Traa Houree ny h-Oarpey Heear|WEST]] | ashchur_utc_TTSL = +1 | çhengey_oikoil = [[Spaainish]] | latd = 28 |latNS = N | longd = 16 |longEW = W | coad_iso = ES-CN | coad_ardjynagh = | ynnyd-eggey = {{URL|www.gobcan.es}} | fo-noteyn = }} She [[Boodeeyssyn hene-reiltagh ny Spaainey|boodeeys hene-reiltagh]] jeh'n [[Yn Spaainey|Spaainey]] ad '''ny h-Ellanyn Canaaragh''' ({{lang-es|Canarias}}). T'ad [[Tenerife]], [[Fuerteventura]], [[Gran Canaria]], [[Lanzarote]], [[La Palma]], [[La Gomera]], [[El Hierro]] as [[La Graciosa, ny h-Ellanyn Canaaragh|La Graciosa]] ny preeu-ellanyn. She [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] as [[Las Palmas|Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] yn preeu-valley. == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Boodeeyssyn hene-reiltagh y Spaainey}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Canaaragh, ny h-Ellanyn}} [[Ronney:Ny h-Ellanyn Canaaragh| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanree yn Spaainey]] [[Ronney:Boodeeyssyn hene-reiltagh y Spaainey]] [[Ronney:Ellanree yn Affrick]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 2 yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn s'odjey mooie jeh'n Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Ellanree 'sy Cheayn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Meeryn fyshgraafagh]] 2cyhl1xpad8t7o8a3p31jclh0a18x60 0 27263 386661 386120 2026-07-25T23:01:06Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 386661 wikitext text/x-wiki Shoh heese rolley sleih ard-ghooagh t'er enney er son [[cloie coamree]], ceau emshir raad ta ny commee ceau [[coamrey|coamraghyn]] as [[gliggyr fassan|gliggyryn fassan]] er son [[karacteyr (ellynyn)|karacteyr]] ny eie voish y far-skeealaght y chloie. ==Cloiederyn coamree ard-ghooagh== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" style="width:140px;"|Ennym ! scope="col" style="width:80px;" class="unsortable"| Jalloo ! scope="col" style="width:90px;"|Ruggyr ! scope="col" style="width:90px;"|Baase ! scope="col" style="width:700px;" class="unsortable"|Ennit er son ! scope="col" style="width:150px;" class="unsortable"|Çheer ! scope="col" style="width:30px;" class="unsortable"|Imraa |- | {{sortname|Marie-Claude|Bourbonnais}} | [[Coadan:Marie-Claude Bourbonnais.jpg|80px]] | 15 Jerrey Fouyir 1979 | | [[Craishteyder drualtagh]] ta cloie [[Frost (Mortal Kombat)|Frost]] voish ''[[Mortal Kombat]]'' dy mennick. | Y Chanadey | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Eduvas |first=Ronjay| date=29 Toshiaght Arree 2012 | url=http://www.fhm.com.ph/fhm-babes/girls-of-fhm/11560/marie-claude-bourbonnais |title= Marie-Claude Bourbonnais |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216072426/http://www.fhm.com.ph/fhm-babes/girls-of-fhm/11560/marie-claude-bourbonnais |archivedate=2013-02-16 |work=FHM |accessdate=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/marie-claude-bourbonnais-cosplay/|title=Marie-Claude Bourbonnais Cosplay {{!}} Cosplay News Network|date=2017-07-19|work=Cosplay News Network|accessdate=2018-10-10|language=Baarle|archivedate=2018-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010060745/http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/marie-claude-bourbonnais-cosplay/}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Riki|LeCotey}} ("Riddle") | [[Coadan:Riddle as Dr Mrs The Monarch (9333201495).jpg|80px]] | <span style="display:none;speak:none">000000001980-10-27-0000</span><!-- Year of birth unknown but likely to be in the 1980s like contemporary cosplayers. 1980 used for sorting purposes only as the earliest part of that range. -->27 Jerrey Fouyir | | Cloieder coamree, jantagh coamree er lheh, ard-oltey skimmee yn straih ''[[Heroes of Cosplay]]'' liorish [[SyFy]]. | Ruggit 'sy Chanadey<br />Beaghey ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |last=Cardenas |first=Richard |url=http://www.popcults.com/meet-the-cast-syfys-heroes-of-cosplay-riki-lecotey/ |title=Meet the Cast: SyFy’s Heroes of Cosplay – Riki LeCotey |publisher=Popcults.com |date=2013-08-06 |accessdate=2015-04-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415080959/http://www.popcults.com/meet-the-cast-syfys-heroes-of-cosplay-riki-lecotey/ |archivedate=2015-04-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Holly|Conrad}} | [[File:10.12.12HollyConradByLuigiNovi1.jpg|80px]] | 22 Boaldyn 1986 | | [[Persoonid yn eddyr-voggyl]] | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://esportsku.com/holly-conrad-cosplayer-dan-internet-personality/|title=Holly Conrad, Cosplayer Dan Internet Personality {{!}} Esportsku|date=2021-09-13|work=Esportsku|accessdate=2021-09-13|language=ID}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Adrianne|Curry}} | [[File:Adrianne Curry 2009.jpg|80px]] | 6 Luanistyn 1982 | | Craishteyder as persoonid çhellveeish; y chied chosneyder er ''[[America's Next Top Model]]''. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"| |- | {{sortname|Anna | Faith}} | | 21 Sauin 1995 | | Cloieder coamree ta cloie [[Elsa (Disney)|Elsa]] voish ''[[Frozen (scannane 2013)|Frozen]]'' dy mennick. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Rothman|first=Michael|date=13 Mean Souree 2014|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/meet-anna-faith-carlson-actress-elsa-frozen/story?id=24130119|title=Meet Anna Faith Carlson, the Actress Who Looks Just Like Elsa From 'Frozen'|work=ABC News|accessdate=4 Toshiaght Arree 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/anna-faith-top-ten-cosplayer/|title=Anna Faith Top Ten Cosplayer|date=2018-10-08|work=Cosplay News Network|accessdate=2018-10-10|language=Baarle|archivedate=2020-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108160252/http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/anna-faith-top-ten-cosplayer/}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Francesca|Dani}} | [[File:Francesca dani bogota.jpg|80px]] | 5 Mayrnt 1979 | | [[Jalloo lieen]] as craishteyder ta goll er enney er son ny karacteyryn Shapaanagh y chloie, goaill toshiaght rish [[Sailor Moon]]. | Yn Iddaal | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Solano |first=Carlos | date=19 Averil 2009 |url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-3405755 |title = La Modelo Con Ojos De Muñeca Hentai |language=Spaainish | work=[[El Tiempo (y Cholombey)|El Tiempo]]|accessdate=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Enako|}} | [[File:Enako as Snow Miku giving heart hand gesture in Bangkok (8433706089).jpg|80px]] | 22 Jerrey Geuree 1994 | | [[Cloieder coamree]], [[ben-aghteyr goo]], as [[jalloo Shapaanagh|aa-yalloo Shapaanagh]] | Y Çhapaan | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2016-09-15/professional-cosplayer-enako-reveals-her-lucrative-income/.106485|title= Professional Cosplayer Enako Reveals Her Lucrative Income|date= 15 Mean Fouyir 2016|accessdate= 20 Mean Fouyir 2016|work= [[Anime News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://lineblog.me/enakorin/|title= Line Official Blog Enako|accessdate= 20 Mean Fouyir 2016|work= lineblog.me|archive-date= 2016-05-16|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160516131543/http://lineblog.me/enakorin|url-status= dead}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Folkenstal|}} | [[File:Folkenstal.png|80px]] | <span style="display:none;speak:none">000000001980-03-22-0000</span><!-- Year of birth unknown but likely to be in the 1980s like contemporary cosplayers. 1980 used for sorting purposes only as the earliest part of that range. -->22 Mayrnt | | Cloieder coamree ta taishbyney wappinyn as eillaghyn ta ry-akin ayns ''[[The Elder Scrolls Online]]'' | Yn Elveeish | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web | last=Rusch | first=Marlon | date=18 Averil 2015 | url=http://www.schweizamsonntag.ch/ressort/basel/mit_heisser_luft_geschmiedet/ | title=A portrait about Swiss propmaker Folkenstal | work=[[Schweiz am Sonntag]] | access-date=2022-12-10 | archive-date=2015-11-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126061007/http://www.schweizamsonntag.ch/ressort/basel/mit_heisser_luft_geschmiedet/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Alodia|Gosiengfiao}} | [[File:MGCCon 2012 - Alodia Gosiengfiao 3.jpg|80px]] | 9 Mayrnt 1988 | | Craishteyder, ellyneyr, as arraneyder. Cloieder coamree t'er ny chosney ram aundyryn. | Ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite book|last=Boon |first= Rachael |date=16 Sauin 2010|title=Men want to marry her| publisher=[[The Straits Times]]}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Kat|Gunn}} ("Mystik") | | 20 Averil 1988 | | Cloieder gamman-feeshan, stroodeyr [[Twitch (shirveish)|Twitch]], as oltscarreyder scaalheanee lesh [[IGN]]. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Team Dignitas Featured Streamer Spotlight: Kat Gunn|url=http://team-dignitas.net/articles/news/Interview/7812/team-dignitas-featured-streamer-spotlight-kat-gunn|publisher=Team Dignitas|accessdate=21 Luanistyn 2015}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Yaya|Han}} | [[File:NYCC 2010 - Ame-Comi Wonder Woman (5076160319).jpg|80px]] | 20 Avril 1980 | | Craishteyder as kiaddeyder coamree, er ny haishbyney er ''[[Heroes of Cosplay]]'' liorish [[SyFy]] as er ''[[King of the Nerds]]'' liorish TBS. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>Middleton, Diana. (20 Jerrey Fouyir 2008). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160826055850/http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/102008/met_346416310.shtml The first-ever EXP Con drew devoted, costumed fans]". ''[[The Florida Times-Union]]''. Feddynit er 4 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref><ref>Tucker, Reed. (16 Jerrey Fouyir 2011). "[https://nypost.com/2011/10/16/girls-gone-geek/ Girls gone geek]". ''[[NY Post]]''. Feddynit er 4 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref><ref>Eves, Josué. (23 Mayrnt 2012). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091226/http://www.oem.com.mx/elsoldetijuana/notas/n2477030.htm Anuncian 'COMCOM!! 2012']", ''El Sol de Tijuana'', [[Organizacion Editorial Mexicana]]. Feddynit er 4 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref> |- | {{sortname|Liana|K|Liana Kerzner}} (Liana Kerzner) | [[File:Liana K at 2008 ComicCon cropped.jpg|80px]] | 10 Averil 1980 | | Co-oastee y chlaare cowag ''[[Ed's Night Party]]'', goll er enney son cloie karacteyryn scheimyn aitt ny far-skeealaght heanse. | Y Chanadey | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Geek girls gone wild">{{cite web |url=http://www2.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/entertainment/story.html?id=d80a5430-a0f8-4f02-b7e1-31681a43b426 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427212851/http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/entertainment/story.html?id=d80a5430-a0f8-4f02-b7e1-31681a43b426 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-04-27 |title=Geek girls gone wild |publisher=canada.com |accessdate=2011-10-03 }}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Mari|Kotani}} | [[File:Mari Kotani at the Hugo Awards Ceremony 2017 at Worldcon in Helsinki.jpg|80px]] | 11 Jerrey Souree 1958 | | Cremeyder y far-skeealaght heanse. Y chied chloieder coamree recortyssit 'sy Çhapaan | Y Çhapaan | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview: Mari Kotani, Pioneer of Japanese Cosplay - Origins|work=An Introduction to Japanese Subcultures|first=Toshiyuki|last=Ohwada|first2=Mari|last2=Kotani|url=https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/intro-to-japanese-subculture/0/steps/23609|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502163635/https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/intro-to-japanese-subculture/0/steps/23609|archivedate=2017-05-02|accessdate=2017-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|year=2004|first=Matthew|last=Thorn|chapter=Girls and Women Getting Out of Hand|title=Fanning the Flames: Fans and Consumer Culture in Contemporary Japan|editor-first=William W.|editor-last=Kelly|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9780791460320|page=175}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Linda|Le}} ("Vampy") | [[File:Cosplay Shoot BTS 2.jpg|80px]] | 15 Nollick 1986 | | Cloieder coamree, craishteyder, ellyneyr, persoonid yn eddyr-voggyl. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://kotaku.com/5898240/the-very-best-in-cosplay-linda-le/ |title=The Very Best In Cosplay: Linda Le |publisher=Kotaku.com |date= |accessdate=2015-04-30}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|AJ|Lee}} | [[File:AJ Lee WM Axxess 2014.jpg|80px]] | 19 Mayrnt 1987 | | [[Mraane ayns WWE|Ben-ghleckeyder WWE]] ta goll er enney son ceau coamraghyn gollrish karacteyryn y phop-chultoor. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson |first=Ben|date=1 Sauin 2011|url=http://www.officialplaystationmagazine.co.uk/2011/11/01/wwe-divas-mortal-kombat-kosplay/ |title=WWE Diva’s Mortal Kombat kosplay] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829091214/http://www.officialplaystationmagazine.co.uk/2011/11/01/wwe-divas-mortal-kombat-kosplay/ |archivedate=2012-08-29 |work=[[PlayStation Official Magazine (RU)|PlayStation Official Magazine]]|location=RU |accessdate=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Putri Nony|Lovyta}} | [[File:DVD3912.jpg|80px]] | 12 Luanistyn 1997 | | Cloieder, craishteyder, as kiaddeyder fassan Indoneeshagh ta bunnit ayns Jakarta. | Yn Indoneesh | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/lifestyle/2016/06/01/cosplay-yukitora-keiji-cepat-tenar-karena-kebiasaan-meniru-kostum-kostum-komik-ini|title=Cosplay - Yukitora Keiji Cepat Tenar Karena Kebiasaan Meniru Kostum-kostum Komik Ini|work=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|accessdate=2017-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/smcetak/belajar-bahasa-jepang-secara-otodidak/|title=Belajar Bahasa Jepang secara Otodidak|website=berita.suaramerdeka.com|language=Indoneeshish|accessdate=2017-03-06|archivedate=2017-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306211318/http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/smcetak/belajar-bahasa-jepang-secara-otodidak/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radarempoa.com/2016/07/yukitora-keiji-cosplayer-berprestasi-asal-ciputat.html|title=Yukitora Keiji: Cosplayer Cantik Asal Ciputat Tangsel yang Prestasinya Sampai ke Jepang|website=www.radarempoa.com|language=Indoneeshish|access-date=2017-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gameqq.net/cosplay/11984-lebih-dekat-dengan-yukitora-keiji|title=Lebih Dekat dengan Yukitora Keiji|website=GameQQ.net|language=Indoneeshish|accessdate=2017-03-06|archivedate=2017-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306212745/http://www.gameqq.net/cosplay/11984-lebih-dekat-dengan-yukitora-keiji}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lantaitulisan.com/2016/11/cosplay-bukan-sekedar-mengenakan-kostum.html|title=Cosplay, Bukan Sekedar Mengenakan Kostum Unik|website=Lantai Tulisan - Japan Portal|language=Indoneeshish|accessdate=2017-03-06|archivedate=2017-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307045128/http://www.lantaitulisan.com/2016/11/cosplay-bukan-sekedar-mengenakan-kostum.html}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Jay|Maynard}} | [[File:Tronguy.jpg|80px]] | 27 Jerrey Souree 1960 | | Claareyder co-earrooder as reagheyder corys Americaanagh ta goll er enney myr "Tron Guy" er son e choamrey [[Tron]] [[lectro-hoilshagh]]. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>James, Andrea. (18 Nollick 2010). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232622/http://boingboing.net/2010/12/18/tron-guy-on-open-sou.html TRON Guy on open source, DIY ethos, & plans for a suit sequel]". ''[[Boing Boing]]''. Feddynit er 3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref> |- | [[Morojo]] | | 20 Mean Souree 1904 | 20 Sauin 1964 | Kiaddeyder coamree, baanreydagh y far-skeealaght heanse, as soilsheyder earishlioaryn baanreydagh Americaanagh chroo ny chied choamraghyn ayns 1939 va ceaut ec [[feish far-skeealaght heanse]], as va ceaut lioree as liorish Forrest J Ackerman; "moir y chloie coamree" | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AshcraftPlunkett">{{cite book|title=Cosplay World|pages=6–11|first=Brian|last=Ashcraft|first2=Luke|last2=Plunkett|publisher=Prestel Publishing|year=2014|isbn=9783791349251}}</ref><ref name="Kyle">{{cite journal|url=http://www.jophan.org/mimosa/m29/kyle.htm |work=[[Mimosa (earishlioar)|Mimosa]] |first=David|last=Kyle|authorlink=David Kyle|title=Caravan to the Stars|number=29|date=Nollick 2002}}</ref><ref name="Culp">{{cite news|last=Culp|first=Jennifer|title=Meet the Woman Who Invented Cosplay|url=http://www.racked.com/2016/5/9/11451408/cosplay-inventor-morojo-myrtle-r-douglas|accessdate=11 Boaldyn 2016|newspaper=[[Vox Media#Racked|Racked]]|date=9 Boaldyn 2016|archivedate=2023-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024223516/https://www.racked.com/2016/5/9/11451408/cosplay-inventor-morojo-myrtle-r-douglas}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Olivia|Munn}} | [[File:Olivia Munn Leia.jpg|80px]] | 3 Jerrey Souree 1980 | | Ben-aghteyr, craishteyder, persoonid çhellveeish, as ughtar Americaanagh | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/its-true/olivia-munn-136192|title=Olivia Munn - It's True|accessdate= 2015-09-28|author= Daily Star|date= 2015-09-15|newspaper= [[Daily Star (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|Daily Star]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/olivia-munn-may-have-given-first-look-at-psylocke-costume-for-x-men-apocalypse-137793/|title=Olivia Munn may have given first look at Psylocke Costume for X-Men:Apocalypse|accessdate= 2015-09-28|author=Dondi Tipples|date=2015-04-15|newspaper=[[The Christian Post]]}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Yuichiro|Nagashima}} ("Jienotsu") | | 2 Jerrey Souree 1984 | | Ellyneyr caggoil as breb-ghoarneyr | Y Çhapaan | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Manich|first=Neil|accessdate=30 Nollick 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126051214/http://www.headkicklegend.com/2010/12/30/1904547/dynamite-primer-shinya-aoki-vs-yuichiro-nagashima |archivedate=26 Jerrey Geuree 2012| url=http://www.headkicklegend.com/2010/12/30/1904547/dynamite-primer-shinya-aoki-vs-yuichiro-nagashima|title=Dynamite Primer: Shinya Aoki vs Yuichiro Nagashima| work=Head Kick Legend }}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Jessica|Nigri}} | [[File:Jessica Nigri as Juliet Starling standing (7350677084).jpg|80px]] | 5 Luanistyn 1989 | | Craishteyder moyllee as cloieder coamree, ta goll er enney son cloie Juliet Starling voish y ghamman-feeshan ''[[Lollipop Chainsaw]]''. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Jessica Nigri is back to promote Suda's Killer is Dead|url=http://www.gamezone.com/news/2013/04/26/jessica-nigri-is-back-to-promote-suda-s-killer-is-dead|publisher=GameZone|accessdate=5 Boaldyn 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/jessica-nigri-cosplay-queen/|title=Jessica Nigri Cosplay Queen|date=2017-08-01|work=Cosplay News Network|access-date=2018-10-10|language=Baarle|accessdate=2022-12-10|archivedate=2022-12-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210150703/https://cosplaynewsnetwork.com/jessica-nigri-cosplay-queen/}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Liz|Katz}} | | 8 Jerrey Souree 1988 | | Craishteyder, ben-aghteyr, cloieder coamree. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/liz-katz-cosplay/|title=21 Crazy Liz Katz Cosplays|date=2017-07-04|work=Cosplay News Network|accessdate=2019-04-23|language=Baarle|archivedate=2019-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425040742/http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/liz-katz-cosplay/}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Myrtle|Sarrosa}} | | 7 Nollick 1994 | | Arraneyder as ben-aghteyr; cosneyder ''[[Pinoy Big Brother: Teen Edition 4]]''. | Ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>Jarloc, Glaiza. (8 Jerrey Souree 2012). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20221210150700/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/breaking-news/2012/07/08/myrtle-sarrosa-wins-pbb-teen-edition-4-230797 Myrtle Sarrosa wins PBB Teen Edition 4]". SunStar. Feddynit er 3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref> |- | {{sortname|Brinke|Stevens}} | [[File:Brinke stevens in 2005.JPG|80px]] | 20 Mean Fouyir 1954 | | Craishteyder, ben-aghteyr, as rein ny screeaghyn. Y chied chosneyder jeh'n Masquerade Ball ec [[San Diego Comic-Con]]. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite book|title=Assault of the Killer B's|first=Jason Paul|last=Collum|year=2004|isbn=9780786480418|publisher=McFarland|page=24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theggtmc.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/brinke-stevens-interview.html|date=28 Averil 2012|title=The Brinke Stevens Interview|first=Justin|last=Bozung|first2=Brinke|last2=Stevens|work=The Gentleman's Blog to Midnight Cinema|accessdate=2017-04-20}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Tanya|Tate}} | [[File:Tanya Tate - Invisible Woman.jpg|80px]] | 31 Mayrnt 1979 | | [[Craishteyder drualtagh]], screeudeyr, as [[aghteyr pornograafagh|ben-aghteyr pornograafagh]] Sostynagh. | Y Reeriaght Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=INGInterview>{{cite web|last=Ng|first=Stephen|title=Tanya Tate: Cosplayer Extraordinaire|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/06/06/tanya-tate-cosplayer-extraordinaire|publisher=ING|accessdate=11 Toshiaght Arree 2014}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Meg|Turney}} | [[File:Fan Expo 2015 - Velvet (21776644281).jpg|80px]] | 12 Mayrnt 1987 | | Persoonid yn eddyr-voggyl as earisheyr gammanyn-feeshan | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|author=Kevin Kelly|url=http://www.wizardworlddigital.com/megabit-brings-gives-a-whole-new-meaning-to-sexy-cosplay.html|title=MEGABIT Brings Gives A Whole New Meaning To Sexy Cosplay|publisher=Wizard World Digital|date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013|accessdate=29 Mean Fouyir 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719142656/http://www.wizardworlddigital.com/megabit-brings-gives-a-whole-new-meaning-to-sexy-cosplay.html|archivedate=19 Jerrey Souree 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Yuriko|Tiger}} | [[File:Yuriko Tiger as Junko Enoshima at Etna Comics 20140606.jpg|80px]] | 5 Jerrey Souree 1993 | | Craishteyder, ben-aghteyr, as ben-aghteyr goo. | Yn Iddaal | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name=jt2019>{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2019/02/03/our-lives/fan-idol-yuriko-tigers-journey-colorful-one/|title=From cosplay fan to idol, Yuriko Tiger's journey has been a colorful one|work=[[The Japan Times]]|first=Gianni|last=Simone|date=2019-02-03|accessdate=1 Averil 2019}}</ref> |} ==Imraaghyn== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Ronney:Cloiederyn coamree| ]] [[Ronney:Rollaghyn deiney rere roortys|Cloiederyn coamree]] mrsg600s3am95r49l4b1wkqoz3shr12 0 27933 386634 377605 2026-07-25T14:29:19Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym_ruggyr = Sarah Elizabeth Holloway | boayl_ruggyr = [[Mannin]] | boayl_baaish = [[Bethel, Connecticut|Bethel]], [[Connecticut]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1993|3|27|1893|2|20}} | enmyn_elley = Sadie Holloway | ennit = Crooaght [[Wonder Woman]]<br>Prowaltys trimmid folley systolagh }} She turneyr as shicklaagagh Americaanagh va ruggit ayns Mannin va '''Sarah Elizabeth Marston ''' (née '''Holloway'''; 20 Toshiaght Arree 1893 – 27 Mayrnt 1993).<ref>[https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/liberated-wife-really-was-wonder-woman/ New England Historical Society]</ref> Marish e fer sheshee, [[William Moulton Marston]], ta feeudys currit j'ee son lhiassaghey yn [[towshan trimmid folley]] [[systolagh]] va ymmydit son [[molteyrys]] y aanchoodaghey; roie-immeeaght [[yl-ghraaf]].<ref name="bu">Lamb, Marguerite. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20040202224438/http://www.bu.edu/alumni/bostonia/2001/fall/wonderwoman Who Was Wonder Woman? Long-Ago LAW Alumna Elizabeth Marston Was the Muse Who Gave Us a Superheroine]", ''Boston University Alumni Magazine'', Fouyr 2001.</ref><ref name="poly">Comm. to Review the Scientific Evidence on the Polygraph, Nat'l Research Council. ''The Polygraph and Lie Detection'' (2003).</ref> Ta feeudys currit j'ee chammah myr breeaghys da'n er sheshee eck ayns crooaght [[Wonder Woman]], karacteyr va bunnit er nyn gommagh bea yl-channooagh, [[Olive Byrne]].<ref name="bu"/><ref name="spotlight">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070222092804/http://www.bu.edu/law/prospective/jd/spotlight/sp-marston.html "Alumni Spotlight: Elizabeth Holloway Marston (LAW '18)"]</ref><ref name="ourtowns">Malcolm, Andrew H. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE1DF1539F93BA25751C0A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print "OUR TOWNS; She's Behind the Match For That Man of Steel"]. ''The New York Times'', February 18, 1992.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3yST26ZUJUC|title=Darger's Resources|last=Moon|first=Michael|date=March 12, 2012|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0822351566}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Wonder Woman: The complete History|last=Daniels|first=Les|publisher=Chronicle Books|year=2000|isbn=0-8118-2913-8}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Marston, Elizabeth Holloway}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1893]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1993]] [[Ronney:Shicklaagee woirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Shicklaagee Vanninagh]] [[Ronney:Oaylleeyn bwoirrin Manninagh]] [[Ronney:Shicklaagee eminagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Manninagh]] [[Ronney:Leaghteyryn]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn caslys-skeealyn bwoirrin]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn caslys-skeealyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feminee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Connecticut]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Boston]] [[Ronney:Wonder Woman]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Manninagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Sostynagh]] 2csamx7r0kgxixm3a18czk2812p855p 386635 386634 2026-07-25T14:29:48Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 386635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym_ruggyr = Sarah Elizabeth Holloway | boayl_ruggyr = [[Mannin]] | boayl_baaish = [[Bethel, Connecticut|Bethel]], [[Connecticut]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1993|3|27|1893|2|20}} | enmyn_elley = Sadie Holloway | ennit = Crooaght [[Wonder Woman]]<br>Prowaltys trimmid folley systolagh }} She turneyr as shicklaagagh Americaanagh va ruggit ayns Mannin va '''Sarah Elizabeth Marston ''' (née '''Holloway'''; 20 Toshiaght Arree 1893 – 27 Mayrnt 1993).<ref>[https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/liberated-wife-really-was-wonder-woman/ New England Historical Society]</ref> Marish e fer sheshee, [[William Moulton Marston]], ta feeudys currit j'ee son lhiassaghey yn [[towshan trimmid folley]] [[systolagh]] va ymmydit son [[molteyrys]] y aanchoodaghey; roie-immeeaght [[yl-ghraaf]].<ref name="bu">Lamb, Marguerite. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20040202224438/http://www.bu.edu/alumni/bostonia/2001/fall/wonderwoman Who Was Wonder Woman? Long-Ago LAW Alumna Elizabeth Marston Was the Muse Who Gave Us a Superheroine]", ''Boston University Alumni Magazine'', Fouyr 2001.</ref><ref name="poly">Comm. to Review the Scientific Evidence on the Polygraph, Nat'l Research Council. ''The Polygraph and Lie Detection'' (2003).</ref> Ta feeudys currit j'ee chammah myr breeaghys da'n er sheshee eck ayns crooaght [[Wonder Woman]], karacteyr va bunnit er nyn gommagh bea yl-channooagh, [[Olive Byrne]].<ref name="bu"/><ref name="spotlight">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070222092804/http://www.bu.edu/law/prospective/jd/spotlight/sp-marston.html "Alumni Spotlight: Elizabeth Holloway Marston (LAW '18)"]</ref><ref name="ourtowns">Malcolm, Andrew H. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE1DF1539F93BA25751C0A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print "OUR TOWNS; She's Behind the Match For That Man of Steel"]. ''The New York Times'', February 18, 1992.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3yST26ZUJUC|title=Darger's Resources|last=Moon|first=Michael|date=March 12, 2012|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0822351566}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Wonder Woman: The complete History|last=Daniels|first=Les|publisher=Chronicle Books|year=2000|isbn=0-8118-2913-8}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Marston, Elizabeth Holloway}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1893]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1993]] [[Ronney:Shicklaagee woirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Shicklaagee Vanninagh]] [[Ronney:Oaylleeyn bwoirrin Manninagh]] [[Ronney:Shicklaagee eminagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Manninagh]] [[Ronney:Leaghteyryn]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn caslys-skeeal bwoirrin]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn caslys-skeeal Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feminee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Connecticut]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Boston]] [[Ronney:Wonder Woman]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Manninagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Sostynagh]] p4nut5trmqzcnpil0d0z47hvv2bmys8 0 27994 386632 343989 2026-07-25T14:28:12Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym_ruggyr = Margaret Eleanor Atwood | boayl_ruggyr = [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], y Chanadey | ennit = {{Unbulleted list | ''[[Surfacing (noaskeeal)|Surfacing]]'' (1972) | ''[[The Handmaid's Tale]]'' (1985) | ''[[Cat's Eye (noaskeeal)|Cat's Eye]]'' (1988) | ''[[Alias Grace]]'' (1996) | ''[[The Blind Assassin]]'' (2000) | ''[[Oryx and Crake]]'' (2003) | ''[[The Testaments]]'' (2019)}} }} She feelee, noa-skeealagh, [[cremeyder lettyragh]], screeudeyr traaght, ynseyder, sheerloayreyder er son y çhymmyltaght, as ynlaghteyr Canadagh ee '''Margaret Eleanor Atwood''' (ruggit er 18 Sauin 1939). Voish y vlein 1961, t'ee er ny hoilshaghey magh 18 lioaryn dy ghaanyn, 11 lioar neu-farskeealaght, nuy çhaglymyn y farskeealaght ghiare, hoght lioaryn paitçhyn, daa [[noaskeeal graafagh]], as shiartanse dy lhiegganyn [[faastan beg]] jeh'n eeleeaght as y far-skeealaght. Ta Atwood er ny chosney shiartanse d'aundyryn as onnoryn son e screeuynyn, goaill stiagh daa [[Aundyr Booker]], [[Aundyr Arthur C. Clarke]], [[Aundyr yn Ard-chiannoort]], [[Aundyr Franz Kafka]], [[Aundyryn Ven-phrinse yn Astoor]], as Aundyryn Ard-obbyr Heihill voish ny [[Aundyr Ard-obbyr Heihill Ivan Sandrof|National Book Critics]] as [[PEN Center USA]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://margaretatwood.ca/awards-recognitions/ |title=Awards List |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=margaretatwood.ca |accessdate=6 Toshiaght Arree 2021}}</ref> Ta kuse jeh ny h-obbragheyn eck er ny ve jeshit da filmyn as da'n çhellveeish. Ta obbraghyn Atwood goaill stiagh caghlaa cooish, lheid as y keintys as yn enney, y [[craueeaght|chraueeaght]] as feayn-skeealyn, cummaght y ghlare, [[caghlaa emshyraght]], as "politickaght y reirid".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Margaret Atwood|last=Marion|first=Wynne-Davies|date=2010|publisher=Northcote, British Council|others=British Council|isbn=978-0746310366|location=Horndon, Tavistock, Devon|oclc=854569504}}</ref> T'ee tayrn ard-smooinaght da ny daanyn eck voish feayn-skeealyn as shee-skeealyn as ee cleaynit roo voish eash yn aegid eck.<ref name="Oates22">[[Joyce Carol Oates|Oates, Joyce Carol]]. "Margaret Atwood: Poet", ''The New York Times'', 21 Boaldyn 1978.</ref> She bunneyder [[Aundyr Feeleeaght Griffin]] as [[Treisht Screeudeyryn y Chanadey]] t'ee. Chammah's shen, she ynlaghteyr er y ghreie [[LongPen]] as ny çhaghnoaylleeaghtyn bentyn rish ta lhiggey da foddey-screeu docamadyn. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{Official website}} * [http://atwoodsociety.org/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Margaret Atwood Society] * {{IMDb name|name=Margaret Atwood}} * {{isfdb name|name=Margaret Atwood}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Atwood, Margaret}} [[Ronney:Margaret Atwood| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1939]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn feminagh Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Sheelnauederyn Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Cremeyderyn lettyragh Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn far-skeealaght heanse Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Scoillaryn bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn bwoirrin Canadagh er son y çhymmyltaght]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn neu-farskeealaght bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Noaskeealee woirrin Chanadagh]] [[Ronney:Feeleeyn bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn skeealyn giare bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Cremeyderyn lettyragh y Vaarle]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Essex County, Ontario]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Simcoe County]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Cremeyderyn lettyragh bwoirrin]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn far-skeealaght heanse as fansee bwoirrin]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Ottawa]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Toronto]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Ontario]] lkd5opzkfvj3kqra9lfkid49ku4cl93 0 29306 386616 370664 2026-07-25T14:12:49Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 386616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym_ruggyr = Evanna Patricia Lynch | boayl_ruggyr = [[Tearmann Feichín]], [[Coontae Lhoo]], Nerin | bleeantyngobbyr = 2006–jiu }} She ben-aghteyr as sheerloayreyder Yernagh ee '''Evanna Patricia Lynch''' (ruggit er 16 Luanistyn 1991). Ta enney share urree er son e paart myr [[Luna Lovegood]] 'sy [[Harry Potter (straih fillym)|straih fillym ''Harry Potter'']]. Chloie Lynch da'n chied cheayrt er y scaailan mooar ayns ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (scannane)|Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' (2007), as ren ee aachloie yn paart shen ayns ny filmyn hie er eiyrtys er lesh ard voylley, goaill jerrey rish ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2]]'' (2011) as yn arrish er y straih, ''[[A Very Potter Senior Year]]'' (2012). Chammah's shen, chloie Lynch ayns ''[[G.B.F. (scannane)|G.B.F.]]'' (2013), va skeaylt magh da'n chied cheayrt ec [[Feailley Scannane Tribeca]]. Chloie ee er yn ardan da'n chied cheayrt ayns ''[[Houdini (cloie)|Houdini]]'' myr [[Bess Houdini]], hie er turrys feie'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ayns 2013. Chloie ee 'sy drama seyr ''[[My Name Is Emily]]'', hie magh da'n chied cheayrt 'sy [[Galway Film Fleadh]]. Ayns 2017, chloie Lynch ayns aavioghey ''[[Disco Pigs]]'' 'sy [[Trafalgar Theatre]] ayns Lunnin. Ayns 2018, ren ee cohirrey er imbagh 27 jeh ''[[Dancing with the Stars (straih hellveeish Americaanagh)|Dancing with the Stars]]'', raad haink ee stiagh 'sy trass ynnyd. Ny s'anmey, chloie ee 'syn aachummey ardan Goaldagh jeh ''The Omission of the Family Coleman'' ec y [[Theatre Royal, Bath|Theatre Royal]] ayns Bath ayns 2019. Myr sheerloayreyder, ta Lynch sheerloayr er son y [[veganys]] as [[cairyn ny beiyn]]. T'ee er ny ghoaill ayrn ayns shiartanse dy heshaghtyn neuvondeishagh as t'ee er ny launshey podcast as cowrey cosmaidagh Kinder Beauty Box. ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category}} * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb name|2121541}} * [https://www.thechickpeeps.com/ ''The ChickPeeps''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220816175002/https://www.justbeingspodcast.com/ ''Just Beings'' podcast] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lynch, Evanna}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1991]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Coontae Lhoo]] [[Ronney:Insheyderyn lioar-sheean]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn Yernagh er son cairyn ny beiyn]] [[Ronney:Eebyrtee Yernagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Eebyrtee Yernagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ardan bwoirrin Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn Yernagh er son y veganys]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn gamman-feeshan bwoirrin Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn goo bwoirrin Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn traght bwoirrin Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn bwoirrin Yernagh]] 0ekmug8lrclotz28lc3yasaf15rti7l 0 30443 386655 325840 2026-07-25T14:40:52Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |date_ruggyr = {{date_ruggyr|df=y|1809|1|4}} |boayl_ruggyr = [[Coupvray]], y Rank |date_baaish = {{date as eash marroo|df=y|1852|1|6|1809|1|4}} |boayl_baaish = [[Paarys]], y Rank }} She ynseyder Frangagh va '''Louis Braille''' (4 Jerrey Geuree 1809 – 6 Jerrey Geuree 1852). Ta enney share er er-yn-oyr dy nee eshyn ynlaghteyr y chorys lhaih as screeuee ta enmyssit ass, [[clou Vraille]], ta jeerit da [[leodaghey shilley|deiney doal ny deiney lesh beggan shilley]] oc. Ta e chorys ymmydit er feie yn Dowan as ta'n corys shen begnagh unnane as y corys ren eh hene. ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commons|Louis Braille}} *[http://www.afb.org/louisbraillemuseum Louis Braille Online Museum – American Foundation for the Blind (AFB)] {{en jalloo}} * Duillagyn bunneydagh voish ''[https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/braille/thefirstpublicationofthebraillecode.html#top Method of Writing Words, Music, and Plainsong...]'', lhieggan 1829, ec y [[National Federation of the Blind]] * Teks ''[https://archive.org/details/NouveauProcdPourReprsenterParDesPointsLaFormeMmeDesLettres New Method of Representing by Dots...]'' (2999) ec Archive.org *[http://www.avh.asso.fr/fr Association Valentin Haüy] {{fr jalloo}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Braille, Louis}} [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Catolee Raueagh Rangagh]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1809]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1852]] [[Ronney:Frangee ghoal]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn doal]] [[Ronney:Clou Vraille]] [[Ronney:Crootee choryssyn screeuee]] [[Ronney:Organeyryn firryn Frangagh]] [[Ronney:Scoillaryn as ard-scoillaryn doal]] [[Ronney:Ynseyderyn doal]] [[Ronney:Ynseyderyn ny doail]] [[Ronney:Ynseyderyn firryn Frangagh]] 24zyfd0jss291i7oa3be049l5iu58zf 0 30461 386647 371624 2026-07-25T14:36:30Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym_ruggyr = Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFiJFuzRVFQC&pg=PA83 |title=Science: The Definitive Visual Guide |publisher=DK Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7566-6490-9 |location=United Kingdom |pages=83 |language=en}}</ref> | jalloo = Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) RMG BHC2700.tiff | fo-heidyl = Cochaslys liorish [[Justus Sustermans]], 1636 | date_ruggyr = {{birth date|1564|02|15|df=y}}{{sfn|Drake|1978|p=1}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Pisa]], Diucaght Firenze | date_baaish = {{date as eash marroo|1642|01|08|1564|02|15|df=y}} | boayl_baaish = [[Arcetri]], Ard-Diucaght y Toscaan | ennit = {{hlist|[[dynamickyn oltscarree]]|[[grian-laaraghys]]|[[gleashaghtys]]|[[rollageydys baghtal]]}} }} '''Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei''' (15 Toshiaght Arree 1564&nbsp;– 8 Jerrey Geuree 1642), imraait dy cadjin myr '''Galileo Galilei''' ny '''Galileo''', she rollageyder, fishigagh, as jeshaghteyr v'eh, enmyssit [[yl-oayllee]] keayrtyn. V'eh ruggit ayns ard-valley [[Pisa]], ayrn ec y traa shen jeh [[Diucaght Firenze]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Modinos |first=A. |title=From Aristotle to Schrödinger: The Curiosity of Physics, Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics |date=2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-319-00750-2 |edition=daahit |page=43}}</ref> Ta Galileo er ny ve enmyssit ayr y [[rollageydys baghtal]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singer |first=C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPIgAAAAMAAJ |title=A Short History of Science to the Nineteenth Century |date=1941 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=217}}</ref> yn ishig chlassicagh noa-emshyragh,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Whitehouse |first=D. |url=https://archive.org/details/renaissancegeniu0000whit |title=Renaissance Genius: Galileo Galilei & His Legacy to Modern Science |date=2009 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-6977-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/renaissancegeniu0000whit/page/219 219]}}</ref> yn [[aght heansagh]],<ref>''Thomas Hobbes: Critical Assessments'', Ym-lioar 1. Preston King. 1993. dg. 59</ref> as y [[sheanse noa-emshyragh|çheanse noa-emshyragh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Disraeli |first=I. |title=Curiosities of Literature |date=1835 |publisher=W. Pearson & Company |page=371}}</ref> Ren Galileo studeyrys er y [[bieauid|vieauid]] as y [[bieauid-jeerit|vieauid-jeerit]], yn [[ym-hayrn]] as y [[seyr-huittym|teyr-huittym]], [[prinsabyl y chonastaght]], yn [[neughleashaght]], as y [[gleashaght tilgey|ghleashaght tilgey]], as ren eh obbraghey chammah 'syn [[oaylleeaght eamagh]] as y çhaghnoaylleeaght, cur sheese er troyn [[crogheydane|chrogheydane]] as "meihaghyn [[ushtey-hassooagh]]". V'eh nane jeh lhiasseyderyn yn Aaruggyr jeh'n [[çhiass-scoip]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valleriani |first1=Matteo |title=Galileo Engineer |date=2010 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht, Heidelberg, Lunnin, York Noa |isbn=978-90-481-8644-0 |page=160 }}</ref> as v'eh ny ynlaghteyr jeh [[airdeylagh|combaaseyn caggee]] eigsoylagh, as ghow eh ymmyd jeh'n [[fodreayrtan]] ry-hoi baghtyn sheansagh er corpaneyn niauoilagh. Lesh cooney voish fodreayrtan va troggit echey, ren eh baghtyn er rollageyn [[Raad Mooar Ghorree]], [[paaseyn Vadlag]], ny [[Ny h-eaystyn Galileagh|kiare eaystyn smoo]] lesh [[Jupiter]], [[fainaghyn Harn]], [[tuill eayst]] as [[cron greiney|cronyn greiney]]. Chammah's shen, hrog eh lhieggan leah jeh'n [[mynreayrtan|vynreayrtan]]. Chur Galileo yn [[grian-laaraghys Copernicagh]] (y Dowan çhyndaa dagh laa as cruinlaghey mygeayrt y Ghrian) er oaie, agh hass fir çheusthie jeh'n [[Yn Agglish Chatoleagh|Agglish Chatoleagh]] as rollageyderyn ennagh jeeragh noi. Hie yn chooish er ny ronsaghey liorish [[yn Ard-Vrialtys Raueagh]] ayns 1615. Haink eh gys y vriwnys nagh row 'sy ghrian-laaraghys agh ommidjys, meecheeayllid, as farchredjue er-yn-oyr dy row eh loayrt noi'n [[crootaght vibleagh|chrootaght vibleagh]].{{sfn|Hannam|2009|pp=329–344}}{{sfn|Sharratt|1994|pp=127–131}}{{sfn|Finocchiaro|2010|p=74}} Ny s'anmey, choad Galileo e huarymyn ayns ''[[Cohaggloo Bentyn rish y Daa Ard-Chorys Planaidagh]]'' (1632). 'Syn obbyr shen, va cummey soiagh er [[Paab Urban VIII]] ayn, as chur eh yn Paab as ny [[Yeeseynee]] ass cair, va shassoo lesh Galileo derrey shoh.{{sfn|Hannam|2009|pp=329–344}} Hie eh er ny vriwnyssey liorish yn Ard-Vrialtys, as v'eh feddynit "ouryssagh jeeragh jeh'n farchredjue", as chur ad broo er d'obbal ny va raait echey hannah hene. Cheau eh yn chooid elley jeh'n vea echey fo ghlass 'sy valley.{{sfn|Finocchiaro|1997|p=47}}{{sfn|Hilliam|2005|p=96}} Car y traa shen, screeu eh ''[[Daa Heanse Noa]]'' (1638), bentyn rish [[gleashaghtys]] as [[troshaght stooghyn]], cur ayns giare-choontey yn obbyr va jeant echey daeed bleeaney.<ref name="JoCarney">{{cite book |last=Carney |first=J. E. |title=Renaissance and Reformation, 1500–1620: a |date=2000}}</ref> == Imraaghyn == === Symnaghyn === {{reflist}} === Farraneyn cadjin === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Drake |first=S. |title=Galileo at Work |title-link=:IArchive:galileoatwork00stil |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-16226-3 |location=Chicago}} * {{Cite book |last=Finocchiaro |first=M. A. |title=Defending Copernicus and Galileo: Critical Reasoning in the two Affairs |date=2010 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-90-481-3200-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Finocchiaro |first=M. A. |title=Galileo on the world systems: a new abridged translation and guide |date=1997 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20548-2 |location=Berkeley}} * {{Cite book |last=Hannam |first=J. |title=God's philosophers: how the medieval world laid the foundations of modern science |date=2009 |publisher=Icon Books Ltd. |isbn=978-1-84831-158-9}} * {{Cite book |last=Hilliam |first=R. |title=Galileo Galilei: Father of modern science |date=2005 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-4042-0314-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Sharratt |first=M. |title=Galileo: Decisive Innovator |date=1994 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-56671-1 |location=Cambridge}} {{Refend}} == Kianglaghyn magh == {{commons}} * {{OL author|OL1287184A}} * {{Gutenberg author|id=39014}} * {{Librivox author|id=5427}} * {{Internet Archive author}} * [https://www.librarything.com/catalog/GalileoGalilei Obbraghyn ayns Lioarlann Phersoonagh Galileo] ec [[LibraryThing]] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Galilei, Galileo}} [[Ronney:Galileo Galilei| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1564]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1642]] [[Ronney:Rollageyderyn firryn Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Maddaghteyryn firryn Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Fallsoonee Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee irryn Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn firryn Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn 'sy Ladjyn]] [[Ronney:Catolee Raueagh Iddaalee]] [[Ronney:Oaylleeyn y vallistaghys]] [[Ronney:Arganeyssyn bentyn rish y Chatoleaghys]] [[Ronney:Rollageydee Chreestee]] [[Ronney:Bun-chaghlaa Copernicagh]] [[Ronney:Fowderyn eaystyn]] [[Ronney:Fishigee heiltynagh Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee phrowaltagh]] [[Ronney:Cooish Galileo]] [[Ronney:Rollageydee Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Iddaalee doal]] [[Ronney:Jantee ghreieyn oaylleeagh Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Yl-oaylleeyn Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Fallsoonee najooragh]] [[Ronney:Feallee yn Vun-chaghlaa Sheansagh]] [[Ronney:Fallsoonee yn oaylleeaght]] [[Ronney:Scoillaryn as ard-scoillaryn doal]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bentyn rish y chraueeaght as yn oaylleeaght]] bc6sj1iubeob98xjv9lgriyi2wxiox4 0 30503 386636 377445 2026-07-25T14:30:37Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 386636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym_ruggyr = {{lang|sr|Никола Тесла}} | jalloo = Tesla circa 1890.jpeg | fo-heidyl = Co-chaslys, {{circa|1890}} | date_ruggyr = {{date_ruggyr|1856|7|10|df=yes}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Smiljan, y Chroit|Smiljan]], [[Impiraght yn Austeyr]] {{avoid wrap|(y Chroit jiu)}} | date_baaish = {{date as eash marroo|1943|1|7|1856|7|10|df=yes}} | boayl_baaish = [[Caayr York Noa]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit }} She ynlaghteyr, jeshaghteyr lectragh, jeshaghteyr obbrinagh, as foddey-reayrtagh va '''Nikola Tesla''' ({{Lang-sr|Никола Тесла}}; 10 Jerrey Souree <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Dateyn y Çhenn Aght as yn Aght Noa|SA]]: 28 Mean Souree] 1856&nbsp;– 7 Jerrey Geuree 1943). She seyraanagh Americaanagh jeh sluight Croitagh-Serbagh v'eh, ta share er enney kyndagh rish e cho-hoyrtyssyn rish kiaddey yn chorys [[kiarail lectraghys]] fo [[stroo kirkinagh]] (AC).<ref>{{cite book |last=Laplante |first=Phillip A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=soSsLATmZnkC |title=Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering 1999 |page=635 |publisher=Springer |year=1999 |isbn=978-3-540-64835-2 }}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == {{commonscat}} {{wikiquote}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720205507/http://www.tesla-museum.org/meni_en.htm Nikola Tesla Museum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006164211/http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/search?query=nikola%20tesla Tesla – Imraaghyn ayns pabyryn naight Oarpagh] * {{cite journal|author=FBI|title=Nikola Tesla|journal=Main Investigative File|publisher=FBI|url=http://www.lostartsmedia.com/images/teslafbifile.pdf|access-date=2024-01-06|archive-date=2011-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725181818/http://www.lostartsmedia.com/images/teslafbifile.pdf|url-status=dead}} * [https://teslasciencecenter.org/ Tesla Science Center ec Wardenclyffe] * {{Gutenberg author |id=5067| name=Nikola Tesla}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Nikola Tesla}} * {{Librivox author |id=11695}} * [https://nautil.us/teslas-pigeon-460446 - "Tesla's pigeon"] - Amanda Gefter {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tesla, Nikola}} [[Ronney:Nikola Tesla| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1856]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1943]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn lectragh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeih-ghientydeyryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Foddey-reayrtee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheelnauederyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn obbrinagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh veih Impiraght yn Austeyr-Ungaar dys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn ass yn Austeyr-Ungaar]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn ass yn Austeyr-Ungaar]] [[Ronney:Oaylleeyn firryn Serbagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Serbagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Serbagh]] [[Ronney:Serbee Habsburgagh]] [[Ronney:Serbee ass yn Austeyr-Ungaar]] [[Ronney:Calghooleyderyn inçhynagh]] [[Ronney:Seyraanee ghooghyssit ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Feallee kianglt rish y lectraghys]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Colorado Springs, Colorado]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Gospić]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Karlovac]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Caayr York Noa]] [[Ronney:Kioneraadee radio]] [[Ronney:Serbee Chroitagh]] [[Ronney:Livrey-ys bree gyn streng]] n8ufo3txxri5v7p9cpy5dw88bqa98zi 14 30506 386625 325988 2026-07-25T14:21:39Z MacTire02 219 +clowan 386625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons cat|Inventors from the United States|Ynlaghteyryn ass ny Steatyn Unnaneysit}} {{moir-ronney}} {{CategoryTOC}} [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn rere ashoonaght|Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee rere keird]] [[Ronney:Sheanse as çhaghnoaylleeaght ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] bo412px99zazpao98qpujd94dzt4hnr 0 30929 386648 348304 2026-07-25T14:37:11Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Gutenberg.jpg | fo-heidyl = Cochaslys eear-vaaish jeh Gutenberg. Cha nel jallooyn co-emshyragh foast er mayrn.{{sfn|Wagner|2000|p=58}} | date_ruggyr = {{circa|1393–1406}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Mainz]], [[yn Impiraght Raueagh Vannee]] | date_baaish = 3 Toshiaght Arree 1468 | boayl_baaish = Mainz, yn Impiraght Raueagh Vannee | ennit = {{Ubl|Ynlaght yn [[faastan prental|aastan prental]]|Cur stiagh y [[clou so-ghleashagh|chlou so-ghleashagh]] dys yn Oarpey}} }} She ynlaghteyr as keirdagh Germaanagh va '''Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg''' ({{circa|1393–1406}} – 3 Toshiaght Arree 1468). Ta enney share er er-yn-oyr dy nee eshyn chur stiagh [[prental]] faastan coipagh dys yn Oarpey lesh e [[faastan prental|aastan prental]] lesh [[clou so-ghleashagh]]. Ga dy row yn clou so-ghleashagh ymmydit 'syn Aishey Hiar hannah hene, ren Gutenberg ynlaghtey yn faastan clouderagh, hie er ny [[Skeaylley yn 'aastan clouderagh|skeaylley magh er feie ny cruinney]].{{sfn|Füssel|2019|p=7}} Chur e obbyr rish [[bun-chaghlaa fysseree]] as sheeyney feer-vooar y lettyraght harrish yn Oarpey. Va paart mooar echey ayns lhiasaghey [[yn Aaruggyr]]ee, [[yn Aachummey]], as ayns gleashaghtyn [[sheelnauederys|sheelnaueder]]. T'eh raait mannagh ren Gutenberg ynlaghtey yn faastan clouderagh cha veagh fer erbee jeu ain.{{sfn|Venzke|2005|loc=§ para. 5}} Ta Gutenberg coontit dy mennick myr nane jeh ny deiney smoo cummaghtagh v'ayn rieau ayns [[shennaghys deiney]] as t'eh er ny ve kelloorit feie ny cruinney. Myr kelloorey 500 bleeaney veih e laa ruggyree ayns 1900, va [[Thie Tashtee Gutenberg]] bunnit ayns e valley dooghyssagh [[Mainz]]. Ayns 1997, reih yn earishlioar [[Time Life]] ynlaght Gutenberg myr yn ynlaght smoo cummaghtagh 'sy nah villey bleeaney.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mainz.de/gutenberg/g2000.htm |title=Die Gutenbergstadt Mainz |date=10 Mayrnt 2010 |website=Gutenberg.de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310192514/http://www.mainz.de/gutenberg/g2000.htm |archive-date=2010-03-10 |access-date=8 Mee Houney 2019}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{Reflist}} ==Farraneyn== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Füssel |first=Stephan |author-link=:de:Stephan Füssel |translator-last=Martin |translator-first=Douglas |year=2019 |orig-year=1999 |title=Gutenberg and the Impact of Printing |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames |isbn=978-0-7546-3537-6 }} * {{harvc |last=Wagner |first=Sabina |year=2000 |chapter=A Well-Known Stranger |pages=58–85 |in=Gutenberg Museum |ignore-err=yes}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Venzke |first=Andreas |author-link=:de:Andreas Venzke |editor-last=Mokyr |editor-first=Joel |editor-link=Joel Mokyr |year=2005 |orig-year=2003 |title=Gutenberg, Johannes |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Aah yn Ollee |isbn=978-0-19-510507-0 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195105070.001.0001/acref-9780195105070-e-0328 |url-access=subscription }} {{Refend}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== * [http://www.gutenberg-museum.de/index.php?id=29&L=1 Gutenberg-Museum Mainz, y Ghermaan] – {{en jalloo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230610183248/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/gutenberg-bible Bible Gutenberg] ec y [[Lioarlann Ghoaldagh]] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gutenberg, Johannes}} [[Ronney:Johannes Gutenberg| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1398]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1468]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn firryn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Mainz]] [[Ronney:Gaaueyn airhey Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Clouderyn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Catolee Raueagh Ghermaanagh]] [[Ronney:Clougrafeyryn as kiaddeyderyn clou Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys y chloudeyrys]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass y Phalateenaght Reihyssagh]] [[Ronney:Clouderyn incunabula]] hqb2zetde9p8vkfm634v0x7q4r65eh8 386649 386648 2026-07-25T14:37:30Z MacTire02 219 -parameadar nagh vel ayn nish 386649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Gutenberg.jpg | fo-heidyl = Cochaslys eear-vaaish jeh Gutenberg. Cha nel jallooyn co-emshyragh foast er mayrn.{{sfn|Wagner|2000|p=58}} | date_ruggyr = {{circa|1393–1406}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Mainz]], [[yn Impiraght Raueagh Vannee]] | date_baaish = 3 Toshiaght Arree 1468 | boayl_baaish = Mainz, yn Impiraght Raueagh Vannee }} She ynlaghteyr as keirdagh Germaanagh va '''Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg''' ({{circa|1393–1406}} – 3 Toshiaght Arree 1468). Ta enney share er er-yn-oyr dy nee eshyn chur stiagh [[prental]] faastan coipagh dys yn Oarpey lesh e [[faastan prental|aastan prental]] lesh [[clou so-ghleashagh]]. Ga dy row yn clou so-ghleashagh ymmydit 'syn Aishey Hiar hannah hene, ren Gutenberg ynlaghtey yn faastan clouderagh, hie er ny [[Skeaylley yn 'aastan clouderagh|skeaylley magh er feie ny cruinney]].{{sfn|Füssel|2019|p=7}} Chur e obbyr rish [[bun-chaghlaa fysseree]] as sheeyney feer-vooar y lettyraght harrish yn Oarpey. Va paart mooar echey ayns lhiasaghey [[yn Aaruggyr]]ee, [[yn Aachummey]], as ayns gleashaghtyn [[sheelnauederys|sheelnaueder]]. T'eh raait mannagh ren Gutenberg ynlaghtey yn faastan clouderagh cha veagh fer erbee jeu ain.{{sfn|Venzke|2005|loc=§ para. 5}} Ta Gutenberg coontit dy mennick myr nane jeh ny deiney smoo cummaghtagh v'ayn rieau ayns [[shennaghys deiney]] as t'eh er ny ve kelloorit feie ny cruinney. Myr kelloorey 500 bleeaney veih e laa ruggyree ayns 1900, va [[Thie Tashtee Gutenberg]] bunnit ayns e valley dooghyssagh [[Mainz]]. Ayns 1997, reih yn earishlioar [[Time Life]] ynlaght Gutenberg myr yn ynlaght smoo cummaghtagh 'sy nah villey bleeaney.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mainz.de/gutenberg/g2000.htm |title=Die Gutenbergstadt Mainz |date=10 Mayrnt 2010 |website=Gutenberg.de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310192514/http://www.mainz.de/gutenberg/g2000.htm |archive-date=2010-03-10 |access-date=8 Mee Houney 2019}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{Reflist}} ==Farraneyn== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Füssel |first=Stephan |author-link=:de:Stephan Füssel |translator-last=Martin |translator-first=Douglas |year=2019 |orig-year=1999 |title=Gutenberg and the Impact of Printing |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames |isbn=978-0-7546-3537-6 }} * {{harvc |last=Wagner |first=Sabina |year=2000 |chapter=A Well-Known Stranger |pages=58–85 |in=Gutenberg Museum |ignore-err=yes}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Venzke |first=Andreas |author-link=:de:Andreas Venzke |editor-last=Mokyr |editor-first=Joel |editor-link=Joel Mokyr |year=2005 |orig-year=2003 |title=Gutenberg, Johannes |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Aah yn Ollee |isbn=978-0-19-510507-0 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195105070.001.0001/acref-9780195105070-e-0328 |url-access=subscription }} {{Refend}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== * [http://www.gutenberg-museum.de/index.php?id=29&L=1 Gutenberg-Museum Mainz, y Ghermaan] – {{en jalloo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230610183248/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/gutenberg-bible Bible Gutenberg] ec y [[Lioarlann Ghoaldagh]] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gutenberg, Johannes}} [[Ronney:Johannes Gutenberg| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1398]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1468]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn firryn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Mainz]] [[Ronney:Gaaueyn airhey Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Clouderyn Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Catolee Raueagh Ghermaanagh]] [[Ronney:Clougrafeyryn as kiaddeyderyn clou Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys y chloudeyrys]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass y Phalateenaght Reihyssagh]] [[Ronney:Clouderyn incunabula]] fugt7s6x0f6x5cndwnxgqm8liwrochb 0 31101 386626 383544 2026-07-25T14:22:29Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 386626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Alexander Graham Bell.jpg | fo-heidyl = Bell {{circa}} 1917 | date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|df=y|1847|3|3}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Doon Edin]], Nalbin | date_baaish = {{date as eash marroo|1922|8|2|1847|3|3|df=y}} | boayl_baaish = [[Beinn Bhreagh]], [[Nalbin Noa]], yn Chanadey }} '''Alexander Graham Bell''' (ruggit myr '''Alexander Bell'''; 3 Mayrnt 1847 – 2 Luanistyn 1922),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bellhomestead.ca/history/Pages/TheBellFamily.aspx |title=The Bell Family |website=Bell Homestead National Historic Site |access-date=27 Mean Fouyir 2013 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204181253/http://www.bellhomestead.ca/history/Pages/TheBellFamily.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> she ynlaghteyr, sheanseyr, as jeshaghteyr [[Americaanee Chanadagh|Americaanagh-Canadagh]] va ruggit ayns Nalbin.{{refn|She [[seyraanagh Goaldagh]] va Bell da'n chooid smoo jeh'n vea leah echey. Tra darree eh dys y Chanadey ayns 1870, she unnane va seyraanaght Ghoaldagh as seyraanaght Chanadagh. Cha daink seyraanaght Chanadagh dy ve ny rang-oardraghey formoil agh ayns 1910 lesh doltey [[leigh ashoonaght y Chanadey]]. Hirr eh seyraanaght Americaanagh lurg 1877, as hooar eh yn teyraanaght shen ayns 1882. Chur eh sheese ersyn hene myr seyraanaght Americaanagh lurg shen.|group=N}} T'eh treishtit lesh paiteeny yn chied [[çhellvane]] obbree. Chammah's shen, ren eh co-vunnaghey yn [[AT&T Corporation|American Telephone and Telegraph Company]] (AT&T) ayns 1885.<ref name=Bruce1990/> Va [[Alexander Melville Bell|ayr]], shennayr, as braar Bell kianglt rish obbyr er y [[jesh-loayrtys]] as y ghlare, as va'n voir as y ven heshee echey bouyr. Chur eh shen dy mooar stiagh er obbyr vea Bell.<ref name=Bruce1990>{{cite book |last=Bruce |first=Robert V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmR0MOQAu0UC |title=Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude |location=Ithaca, York Noa |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=1990 |isbn=978-0-8014-9691-2 }}</ref> Chur e ronsaghey er y chlashtyn as y ghlare rish prowaltyssyn lesh saaseyn clashtyn. Haink e prowaltyssyn gys y vullagh tra v'eh bronnit lesh y chied [[leigh phaiteeney ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|phaiteen Americaanagh]] da'n çhellvane er 7 Mayrnt 1876. Smooinnee Bell dy nee cur stiagh va'n ynlaght echey er e obbyr myr sheanseyr as yiooldee eh veih çhellvaneyn 'sy çhamyr studeyrys echey.<ref>{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Elizabeth |title=Alexander Graham Bell: An Inventive Life |location=Toronto, Ontario |publisher=Kids Can Press |date=1999 |page=19 |isbn=978-1-55074-456-9 }}</ref> Cha nee yn çhellvane va'n ynrican ynlaght echey, ansherbee. 'Sy vea yeianagh echey, ren eh obbraghey ayns [[çhellinsh hilleydagh heyr-reamys|çhellinsh hilleydagh]], [[skian ushtey|skianyn ushtey]], as [[aer-lhuingysseyraght]]. Va ard-chummaght echey chammah 'sy [[National Geographic Society]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Howley |first=Andrew |date=26 Boaldyn 2011 |title=NGS Celebrates 23rd Founders Day |website=NGS |publisher=National Geographic Society |url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202163557/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 Toshiaght Arree 2016 |access-date=18 Jerrey Geuree 2016 }}</ref> as e [[National Geographic|earishliaor]]. V'eh ny nah eaghtyrane er y çheshaght eddyr 7 Jerrey Geuree 1898 derrey 1903. Faagail e obbyr 'sy jeshaghteyrys, va anaase mooar ec Bell 'syn [[eiraght vea-oaylleeagh]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stansfield|first=W. D.|date=2005-01-01|title=The Bell Family Legacies|journal=Journal of Heredity|volume=96|issue=1|pages=1–3|doi=10.1093/jhered/esi007|pmid=15618310|issn=0022-1503|doi-access=}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== ===Noteyn=== {{reflist|group=N}} ===Symnaghyn=== {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commons category}} {{Wikiquote}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240303055405/https://www.belllegacy.org/ Alexander and Mabel Bell Legacy Foundation] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151208211550/http://bell.cbu.ca/agbi_about.asp Alexander Graham Bell Institute ec Ollooscoill Ceap Bhreatainn] (er ny hashtey er 8 Nollick 2015) * [http://www.telephonetribute.com/pdf/bell_memorial_booklet.pdf Bell Telephone Memorial], [[Brantford]], Ontario * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110706165757/http://www.bellhomestead.ca/Pages/default.aspx Bell Homestead National Historic Site], Brantford, Ontario * [http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/ns/grahambell/index.aspx Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site of Canada], Badaig, Nalbin Noa * [https://www.loc.gov/collection/alexander-graham-bell-papers/about-this-collection/#overview Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers ec Lioarlann y Chohionnal] * [http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/bell_alexander_graham_15E.html Beashnys ec ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''] * [http://www.science.ca/scientists/scientistprofile.php?pID=120 Beashnys Science.ca: Alexander Graham Bell] * {{Gutenberg author|id=48508}} * {{IMDb name|id=1745080|name=Alexander Graham Bell}} * [https://archive.org/details/AlexanderGrahamBellsNotebooks Lioaryn noteyn Alexander Graham Bell] ec yn [[Internet Archive]] * {{PM20|FID=pe/001393}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bell, Alexander Graham}} [[Ronney:Alexander Graham Bell| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1847]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1922]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn firryn Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheiltynee ynsee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeih-ghienteyryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee irryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Anhrinaidee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Kioneraadee etlagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn firryn Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Chanadagh]] [[Ronney:Sheiltynee ynsee Chanadagh]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh Canadagh dys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Jeih-ghienteyryn Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee irryn Chanadagh]] [[Ronney:Anhrinaidee Chanadagh]] [[Ronney:Mooinjer Gardiner]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys y çhellinsh]] [[Ronney:Ynseyderyn çhengey]] [[Ronney:National Geographic Society]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Badaig]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Brantford]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Doon Edin]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Washington, D.C.]] [[Ronney:Oaylleeyn ass Washington, D.C.]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh Albinagh dys y Chanadey]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh Albinagh dys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Jeih-ghienteyryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee irryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Anhrinaidee Albinagh]] 8f77nkcm7js1mjplyxg1ia4nyvns6fk 0 31300 386643 328507 2026-07-25T14:35:11Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 386643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo =John Ericsson 2.jpg | ennym_ruggyr = Johan Ericsson | date_ruggyr = {{date_ruggyr|df=y|1803|7|31}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Baljaght Filipstad]], [[Värmland]], y Toolynn | date_baaish = {{date as eash marroo|df=y|1889|3|8|1803|7|31}} | boayl_baaish = [[Caayr York Noa]], [[York Noa (steat)|York Noa]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit }} She ynlaghteyr as jeshaghteyr obbrinagh Americaanagh jeh bun Soolynnagh<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Ericsson |title=John Ericsson: Swedish-American Engineer |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |date=2019}}</ref> inventor.<ref name="haejohnericsson">{{cite web|url=http://hotairengines.org/inventors/ericsson|title=John Ericsson's life|work=hotairengines.org|access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref> va '''John Ericsson''' (ruggit myr '''Johan Ericsson'''; 31 Jerrey Souree 1803 – 8 Mayrnt 1889). He was active in England and the United States. Ren eh co-obbraghey er kiaddey yn jeshaght traenagh [[raad yiarn]] [[Novelty (traen)|''Novelty'']], ren cohirrey ayns [[tryallyn Rainhill]] er [[Raad Yiarn Lerphoyll as Manchuin]]. Va ny tryallyn cosnit ec tn ynlaghteyr [[George Stephenson]] (1781–1848), as e yeshaght [[Stephenson's Rocket|''Rocket'']]. Ayns [[America Hwoaie]], ren eh kiaddey y chied rigaid-scriughaaltan ayns [[Lhuingys Chaggee ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]], y [[USS Princeton (1843)|USS ''Princeton'']], ayns co-pharteeas lesh y Chaptan (Ard-Chaptan ny s'anmey) [[Robert F. Stockton]] (1795–1866), chur foill y [[USS Princeton (1843)#Drogh-haghyrt Peacemaker 1844|drogh-haghyrt marrooagh]] jeh'n lhong noa jeeragh er Ericsson gyn cairys. Chur co-pharteeas noa lesh [[Cornelius H. DeLamater]] (1821–1889), veih DeLamater Iron Works ayns [[Caayr York Noa]], rish lhiassaghey yn chied [[lhong chaggee phlaitit]] armit lesh [[tooran gunney]], y [[USS Monitor|USS ''Monitor'']], hauail squadroon çhemmaltys marrey ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ([[Lhuingys Chaggee yn Unnaneys]]) veih stroialtys liorish y lhong phlaitit [[Lhuingys Chaggee ny Steatyn Cochianglagh|Chochianglagh]], y [[CSS Virginia|CSS ''Virginia'']], ec [[Cah Hampton Roads]] ec inver jiass [[Baie Chesapeake]] (lesh yn [[Awin James (y Virjeeney)|Awin James]]) ayns Mayrnt 1862, car [[Caggey Theayagh Americaanagh]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commons|John Ericsson|John Ericsson}} {{Appletons' poster|year=1900|Ericsson, John|John Ericsson}} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=jKgTAAAAYAAJ ''The Life of John Ericsson''] liorish William Conant Church, er ny hoilshaghey magh ayns 1911, 660 duillagyn. *[http://www.nps.gov/joer/ John Ericsson National Memorial] (Lhiaght Cooinaghtyn John Ericsson) ayns Washington *{{Cite Nuttall|title=Ericsson, John |short=x}} *{{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Ericsson, John |short=x}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ericsson, John}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1803]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1889]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Çhynskyleyryn ayns Caggey Theayagh America]] [[Ronney:Soolynnee ayns Caggey Theayagh America]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Hoolynnagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Soolynnagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn obbrinagh Soolynnagh]] [[Ronney:Offishearyn caggee Soolynnagh]] [[Ronney:Troggeyderyn lhong Soolynnagh]] [[Ronney:Troggeyderyn lhong Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn obbrinagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ard-obbreeyn lhuingey Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Olteynyn Academee Reeoil Oaylleeaghtyn y Toolynn]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh Soolynnagh dys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Deiney ass Baljaght Filipstad]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys y vooghey aile]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn marrey Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Soolynnagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] 1qnc5hk7cuw08wo7ctvurq0vh4m8huo 0 31457 386627 347005 2026-07-25T14:24:37Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Steve Wozniak by Gage Skidmore 3 (cropped).jpg | fo-heidyl = Wozniak ayns 2017 | ennym_ruggyr = Stephen Gary Wozniak | date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|df=y|1950|8|11}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[San Jose, California]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | enmyn_elley = {{ubl |Woz |Berkeley Blue (far-ennym hackal)<ref name=slate.com>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/books/2013/02/steve_jobs_and_phone_hacking_exploding_the_phone_by_phil_lapsley_reviewed.html |title=Phreaks and Geeks |last=Dayal |first=Geeta |date=1 Toshiaght Arree 2013 |website=[[Slate (earishlioar)|Slate]] |access-date=22 Sauin 2017 |archive-date=12 Nollick 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212215650/http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/books/2013/02/steve_jobs_and_phone_hacking_exploding_the_phone_by_phil_lapsley_reviewed.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |Rocky Clark (far-ennym studeyr)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-14-vw-5389-story.html |title=A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniak's Eye |last=Stix |first=Harriet |date=14 Boaldyn 1986 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=22 Sauin 2017 |archive-date=2 Averil 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402185346/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-14-vw-5389-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | ennit = {{unbulleted indent list| * Kioneraadagh [[bun-chaghlaa ny co-earrooderyn persoonagh]] marish [[Steve Jobs]] * Co-vunneyder [[Apple Inc.]] * Crootagh [[Apple I]] * Co-chrootagh as lhiasseyder toshee [[Apple II]] * Co-chrootagh as co-lhiasseyder [[Macintosh]]}} }} She [[jeshaghteyr lectragh]], [[claareyder co-earrooder]], miallagh, as ynlaghteyr Americaanagh eh '''Stephen Gary Wozniak''' (ruggit er 11 Luanistyn 1950), ta enmyssit lesh y far-ennym "'''Woz'''" myrgeddin. Ayns 1976, ren eh co-vunnaghey [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]] marish e cho-obbree dellal leah [[Steve Jobs]]. T'eh coontit dy lheeadagh myr nane jeh kioneraadee yn [[bun-chaghlaa ny co-earrooderyn persoonagh|vun-chaghlaa co-earrooderyn persoonagh]] kyndagh rish e obbyr ec Apple car ny 1970yn as ny 1980yn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McConnell |first=Steve |date=2018-12-07 |title=Steve Wozniak: Inventor and Apple co-founder |url=https://engineering.berkeley.edu/steve-wozniak-inventor-and-apple-co-founder/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=Berkeley Engineering |language=en-US |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802192606/https://engineering.berkeley.edu/steve-wozniak-inventor-and-apple-co-founder/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons|Steve Wozniak}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{Official website}} * {{Discogs artist}} * {{IMDb name|0941967}} * [http://www.folklore.org/ProjectView.py?project=Macintosh&characters=Steve%20Wozniak Steve Wozniak] ec ''The Original Macintosh'' liorish [[Andy Hertzfeld]] (folklore.org) {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wozniak, Steve}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1950]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee radio amateyragh]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Anjeeaghtee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn co-earrooder Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Claareyderyn co-earrooder Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Oaylleeyn co-earrooder Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh Americaanagh dys y Terb]] [[Ronney:Masoonee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Polynnagh]] [[Ronney:Bunneyderyn colught çhaghnoaylleeaght Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Mooinjer Apple II]] [[Ronney:Feallee Apple Inc.]] [[Ronney:Sheckteryn Apple Inc.]] [[Ronney:Feallee Atari]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass San Jose, California]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn co-earrooderyn]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn cooid chreoi cho-earrooder]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn er son yn ynsagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Feallee Hewlett-Packard]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn er son yn eddyr-voggyl]] [[Ronney:Seyraanee ghooghyssit y Terb]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Los Gatos, California]] [[Ronney:Co-earroo persoonagh]] [[Ronney:Miallee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Miallee ass California]] [[Ronney:Serbee jeh sluight Polynnagh]] [[Ronney:Steve Jobs]] 8hu1y57zd0z70ucq9csc4rdxsk2jk7f 386628 386627 2026-07-25T14:25:20Z MacTire02 219 -parameadar nagh vel ayn nish 386628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Steve Wozniak by Gage Skidmore 3 (cropped).jpg | fo-heidyl = Wozniak ayns 2017 | ennym_ruggyr = Stephen Gary Wozniak | date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|df=y|1950|8|11}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[San Jose, California]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | enmyn_elley = {{ubl |Woz |Berkeley Blue (far-ennym hackal)<ref name=slate.com>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/books/2013/02/steve_jobs_and_phone_hacking_exploding_the_phone_by_phil_lapsley_reviewed.html |title=Phreaks and Geeks |last=Dayal |first=Geeta |date=1 Toshiaght Arree 2013 |website=[[Slate (earishlioar)|Slate]] |access-date=22 Sauin 2017 |archive-date=12 Nollick 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212215650/http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/books/2013/02/steve_jobs_and_phone_hacking_exploding_the_phone_by_phil_lapsley_reviewed.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |Rocky Clark (far-ennym studeyr)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-14-vw-5389-story.html |title=A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniak's Eye |last=Stix |first=Harriet |date=14 Boaldyn 1986 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=22 Sauin 2017 |archive-date=2 Averil 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402185346/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-14-vw-5389-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} }} She [[jeshaghteyr lectragh]], [[claareyder co-earrooder]], miallagh, as ynlaghteyr Americaanagh eh '''Stephen Gary Wozniak''' (ruggit er 11 Luanistyn 1950), ta enmyssit lesh y far-ennym "'''Woz'''" myrgeddin. Ayns 1976, ren eh co-vunnaghey [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]] marish e cho-obbree dellal leah [[Steve Jobs]]. T'eh coontit dy lheeadagh myr nane jeh kioneraadee yn [[bun-chaghlaa ny co-earrooderyn persoonagh|vun-chaghlaa co-earrooderyn persoonagh]] kyndagh rish e obbyr ec Apple car ny 1970yn as ny 1980yn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McConnell |first=Steve |date=2018-12-07 |title=Steve Wozniak: Inventor and Apple co-founder |url=https://engineering.berkeley.edu/steve-wozniak-inventor-and-apple-co-founder/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=Berkeley Engineering |language=en-US |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802192606/https://engineering.berkeley.edu/steve-wozniak-inventor-and-apple-co-founder/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons|Steve Wozniak}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{Official website}} * {{Discogs artist}} * {{IMDb name|0941967}} * [http://www.folklore.org/ProjectView.py?project=Macintosh&characters=Steve%20Wozniak Steve Wozniak] ec ''The Original Macintosh'' liorish [[Andy Hertzfeld]] (folklore.org) {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wozniak, Steve}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1950]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee radio amateyragh]] [[Ronney:Meechredjuee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Anjeeaghtee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn co-earrooder Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Claareyderyn co-earrooder Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Oaylleeyn co-earrooder Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arragheryn magh Americaanagh dys y Terb]] [[Ronney:Masoonee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Polynnagh]] [[Ronney:Bunneyderyn colught çhaghnoaylleeaght Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Mooinjer Apple II]] [[Ronney:Feallee Apple Inc.]] [[Ronney:Sheckteryn Apple Inc.]] [[Ronney:Feallee Atari]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass San Jose, California]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn co-earrooderyn]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn cooid chreoi cho-earrooder]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn er son yn ynsagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Jeshaghteyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Feallee Hewlett-Packard]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn er son yn eddyr-voggyl]] [[Ronney:Seyraanee ghooghyssit y Terb]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Los Gatos, California]] [[Ronney:Co-earroo persoonagh]] [[Ronney:Miallee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Miallee ass California]] [[Ronney:Serbee jeh sluight Polynnagh]] [[Ronney:Steve Jobs]] 84ksadglpplth210n01zo99ljbgseba 0 32365 386639 362124 2026-07-25T14:32:05Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 386639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |jalloo = Charles_Willson_Peale_-_David_Rittenhouse_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg |fo-heidyl = Cochaslys Rittenhouse veih'n vlein 1796 |date_ruggyr ={{date_ruggyr|df=y|1732|4|8}} |boayl_ruggyr =[[Roxborough, Pennsylvania|Baljys Roxborough]], [[Queiggey Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], [[America Ghoaldagh]] |date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1796|6|26|1732|4|8}} |boayl_baaish =[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit }} She rollageyder, ynlaghteyr, [[jantagh cluig]], maddaghteyr, towshanagh, keirdagh greieyn sheansagh, as oikagh theayagh va '''David Rittenhouse''' (8 Averil 1732 – 26 Mean Souree 1796). She oltey yn [[Sheshaght Allsoonagh Americaanagh|Çheshaght Allsoonagh Americaanagh]] v'eh chammah's y chied stiureyder er [[Mwyllin Argid ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commons category|David Rittenhouse}} {{Wikiquote}} {{wikisource|Historical and biographical sketches/02 David Rittenhouse}} *[http://www.rittenhousetown.org Historic RittenhouseTown, Birthplace of N. American Paper & David Rittenhouse] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150421042453/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/1700s/rittenhouse_david.html Beashnys as cochaslys ec Ollooscoill Pennsylvania] *[http://www.rittenhouseastronomicalsociety.org The Rittenhouse Astronomical Society] *{{MacTutor Biography|id=Rittenhouse}} *{{OL author|1756775A}} *{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Rittenhouse, David |short=x}} *{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Rittenhouse, David|year=1905 |short=x}} {{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{S-bef|before='''oik noa'''}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Tashteyder Pennsylvania]]|years=1777–1789}} {{S-aft|after=[[Christian Febiger]]}} {{S-gov}} {{Succession box|before=Enmys noa|title=1d Stiureyder er [[Mwyllin Argid ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]|years=1792–1795|after=[[Henry William de Saussure]]}} {{S-end}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rittenhouse, David}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1732]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1796]] [[Ronney:Rollageyderyn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ynlaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Jantee ghreieyn oaylleeagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Stiureyderyn Wyllin Argid ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Sheshaghyn-oltey Academee Ellynyn as Oaylleeaghtyn America]] [[Ronney:Sheshaghyn-oltey yn Çheshaght Reeoil]] [[Ronney:Maddaghteyryn ass Pennsylvania]] [[Ronney:Maddaghteyryn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Philadelphia]] [[Ronney:Olteynyn y Çheshaght Allsoonagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Pennsylvania choloinagh]] [[Ronney:Trasnaghey Vadlag]] [[Ronney:Skimmee ayns shirveishaght Washington]] 9d21okjuod4zh0ouelortqt3m6rdlm0 14 48073 386609 375803 2026-07-25T13:00:37Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn elley 386609 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Americaanee 'sy scannaneaght rere steat ny thalloo|California]] [[Ronney:Feallee ayns ny meanyn mooarey ass California|Scannaneaght]] [[Ronney:Scannaneaght California]] 6m54gv1eocuto7epai0q6evkni4cnyf 14 53464 386606 2026-07-25T12:56:42Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 386606 wikitext 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